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DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND   LABOR 
BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS 

E.  DANA  DURAND,  Director 


aNiwRsr 


-or — 


THIRTEENTH  CENSUS 


OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES 


TAKEN   IN   THE  YEAR  1910 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS 

STATISTICS  OF  POPULATION,   AGRICULTURE,    MANUFACTURES 

AND  MINING   FOR  THE   UNITED  STATES,   THE 

STATES,   AND  PRINCIPAL  CITIES 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1913 


^VLhllG  Kealth  iib. 


'-^i 


PUBUO 
HEALTH 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS        ""^^"^ 
DURING  THE  THIRTEENTH  DECENNIAL  CENSUS  :  1909-1912 

DIRECTOR 

E.  DANA  DURAND 

ASSISTANT  DIRECTOR 

WILLIAM  F.  WILLOUGHBY  :  1909-191 1 
ROLAND  P.  FALKNER  :  :  :  :  1911-1912 

CHIEF  CLERK 
WILLIAM  S.  ROSSITER,  1909  :  ALBERTUS  H,  BALDWIN,  1909-1910 
VOLER  V.  VILES,  I9I0-I9II    :  WILLIAM  A.  HATHAWAY,  I9I1-I9I2 

DIVISION  OP  POPULATION 

WILLIAM  C.  HUNT,  Chief  Statistician 

DIVISION  OP  AGRICULTURE 

LE  GRAND  POWERS,  Chief  Statistician 
JOHN  LEE  COULTER,  Expert  Special  Agent  on  Agriculture 

RAY    PALMER    TEELE,    EXPERT  SPECIAL  AGENT  ON   IRRIGATION 
DIVISION  OF  MANUFACTURES 

WILLIAM  M.  STEUART,  Chief  Statistician 
ISAAC  A.  HOURWICH,  Expert  Special  Agent  on  Mining 

DIVISION  OF  VITAL  STATISTICS 
CRESSY  L,  WILBUR,  CHIEF  STATISTICIAN 

DIVISION  OF  REVISION  AND  RESULTS 

JOSEPH  A.  HILL,  Chief  Statistician 

GEOGRAPHER 
CHARLES  S.  SLOANE 


iw67(}579 


CONTENTS. 


SUMMARY  OF  CHAPTERS. 

Page. 

Introduction 15 

POPULATION. 

1.  Number  and  Distribution  of  Inhabitants 21 

2.  Color  ok  Race,  Nativity,  Parentage;  Sex;  Population  21  Years  of  Age  and  Over;  Males  op  Miutia  Age 77 

3.  Age  and  Marital  Condition 121 

4.  State  of  Birth  of  Native  Population 169 

5.  Population  of  Foreign  Birth  and  Foreign  Parentage,  by  Country  of  Origin 187 

6.  The  Foreign-Born  Population — Date  of  Immigration 215 

7.  School  Attendance  and  Illiteracy 219 

8.  Dwellings  and  Families " , 259 

AGRICULTURE. 

9.  Farms  and  Farm  Property , 265 

10.  Tenure,  Mortgage  Indebtedness,  Color  and  NATrvmr  of  Farmers,  and  Size  op  Farms 285 

11.  Live  Stock  on  Farms  and  Elsewhere 309 

12.  Live  Stock  Products,  and  Domestic  Animals  Sold  or  Slaughtered  on  Farms 343 

13.  Farm  Crops — Acreage,  Production,  and  Value 359 

14.  Irrigation  and  Irrigated  Crops 422 

MANUFACTURES. 

15.  Statistics  for  States,  Cities,  and  Industries 437 

MINES  AND  QUARRIES. 

16.  Mines  and  Quarries 541 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS. 
INTRODUCTION. 


Scope  and  character  of  the  report 


Page. 
.     13 


Organization  of  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Ceusus . 


Page. 
.     15 


POPULATION. 


Chapter  1.— NUMBER  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF 

INHABITANTS. 

Page. 

Population  uf  the  United  States  and  of  states  and  territories. .  21 

Area  of  enumeration  in  1910 21 

United  States 21 

Divisions  and  states 22 

Rank  according  to  population:  1790-1910 24 

Apportionment  of  representation 26 

Population  for  apportionment  purposes:  1910 26 

Number  of  members  in  the  House  of  Representatives 

under  each  apportionment:  1789-1910 27 

Area  and  density  of  population 28 

Area 28 

Population  per  square  mile 28 

Center  of  population 30 

Population  of  counties 32 

Urban  and  rural  population 54 

Proportion  urban  and  rural 54 

Increase  in  urban  and  rural  population 55 

Communities  classified  according  to  size 59 

Proportion  in  the  several  classes  of  communities 59 

Growth  of  the  several  classes  of  urban  communities 60 

Metropolitan  districts 61 

Population  of  individual  cities 63 


Page. 

Per  cent  of  increase  in  total  population,  by  states:  1900-1910. .  23 

Population  per  square  mile,  by  states:  1910 29 

Center  of  population  at  each  census:  1790-1910 31 

Per  cent  urban  in  total  population,  by  states:  1910 54 

Per  cent  of  increase  in  urban  population,  by  states:  1900- 

1910 58 

Per  cent  of  increase  in  rural  population,  by  states:  1900-1910. .  58 

Chapter  2.— COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  PARENT- 
AGE; SEX;  POPULATION  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND 
OVER;  MALES  OF  MILITIA  AGE. 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  of  the  total  population . .  77 

United  States  as  a  whole 77 

General  summary:  1910  and  1900 77 

White  and  negro  population 78 

Indian,  Chinese,  and  Japanese  population 79 

Black  and  mulatto  population 79 

Native  and  foreign-bom  population 80 

White  population  by  nativity  and  parentage 80 

Divisions  and  states 81 

Population  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage. .  ^ 

White  population  by  nativity  and  parentage 88 

Increase  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage 89 

^5) 


CONTENTS. 


Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  of  the  total  population — 
Continued.  Page. 

Urban  and  rural  population 91 

Principal  cities 93 

Classification  by  sex 97 

United  States  as  a  whole 97 

General  summary:  1910  and  1900 97 

Comparison  with  earlier  censuses 97 

Divisions  and  states 98 

Urban  and  rural  population 102 

Principal  cities 103 

Population  21  years  of  age  and  over 106 

All  persons  21  years  of  age  and  over. 106 

General  simimary:  1910 106 

Sex  ratios,  by  divisions  and  states 106 

Males  21  years  of  age  and  over 107 

United  States  as  a  whole 107 

Divisions  and  states 108 

Urban  and  rural  communities 112 

Principal  cities 113 

Citizenship  of  foreign-bom  whites 116 

Females  21  years  of  age  and  over 117 

Males  of  militia  age  (18  to  44  years) 119 

DIAORAXS. 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  by  states:  1910 87 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  by  divisions:  1910  and 
1900 88 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  in  lurban  and  rural  com- 
munities, by  divisions:  1910 91 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  in  cities  of  100,000  inhab- 
itants or  more:  1910 94 

Number  of  males  to  100  females  in  urban  and  rural  communi- 
ties, by  divisions:  1910 102 

Ccdor  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  of  males  21  years  of  age 
and  over,  by  states:  1910 109 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  of  males  21  years  of  age 
and  over  in  urban  and  rural  communities,  by  divisions :  1910 .  112 

MAPS. 

Percentage  of  negroes  in  the  total  population:  1910 84 

Percentage  of  foreign-bom  whites  in  the  total  population :  1910.  84 
Percentage  of  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  in 

the  total  population:  1910 85 

Percentage  of  foreign-bom  whites  and  native  whites  of  foreign 

or  mixed  parentage  combined  in  the  total  population:  1910..  85 

Ratio  of  males  to  females  in  the  total  population:  1910 98 

Chapter  3.— AGE  AND  MARITAL  CONDITION. 
Age: 

United  States  as  a  whole 121 

Classification  by  5-year  age  periods:  1910 121 

Classification  by  broader  age  periods:  1910 125 

Comparison  with  previous  censuses 127 

Divisions  and  states 128 

Geographic  divisions 128 

Urban  and  rural  communities 129 

Principal  cities 130 

Marital  condition: 

United  States  as  a  whole 146 

Age  groups 147 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes 148 

Comparisons  with  previous  censuses 151 

Divisions  and  states 153 

Total  population,  by  divisions 153 

Color  or  race,  natiArity,  and  parentage  classes,  by  divi- 
sions    153 

States 155 

Urban  and  rural  communities 155 

Principal  cities 155 


DIAGRAMS.  p^g^ 

Distribution  by  age  periods  of  total  population:  1910 121 

Distribution  by  age  periods  of  the  principal  classes  of  the 
population:  1910: 

Native  white  of  native  parentage 124 

Native  white  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage 124 

Foreign-born  white 124 

Negro 124 

Distribution  by  age  periods  of  native  white  and  negro  and  of 

foreign-born  population:  1910 125 

Distribution  by  age  periods  of  total  population,  by  divisions: 

1910 128 

Distribution  by  age  periods  of  urban  and  rural  population,  by 

divisions:  1910 129 

Marital  condition  of  population :  1910 147 

Marital  condition  of  principal  classes  of  the  population,  by  age 

periods:  1910 151 

Marital  condition  of  the  total  population  15  years  of  age  and 
over,  by  divisions:  1910 153 

Chapter  4.— STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE 
POPULATION. 
General  extent  of  migration  of  native  population  within  the 

United  States 169 

Interdivisional  migration 170 

Division  of  birth  in  relation  to  division  of  residence 173 

Migration  of  native  white  and  native  negro  population 174 

Migration  to  the  several  divisions  from  other  divisions  and 

from  foreign  countries 174 

Migration  to  the  several  states  from  other  states  and  from  for- 
eign countries 175 

Interstate  migration 176 

State  of  birth  in  relation  to  state  of  residence 177 

MAPS. 

Gain  or  loss  in  native  population  by  interstate  migration:  1910.  176 
Percentage  of  population  bom  in  each  state  living  in  other 

states:  1910 , 178 

Percentage  of  native  population  living  in  each  state  bom  in 

other  states:  1910 178 

DIAGRAMS. 

Distribution  of  total  population  of  each  state,  by  place  of 
birth:  1910 177 

Distribution  of  natives  of  each  state,  by  place  of  residence :  1910 .  177 
Migration  of  native  population  from  and  to  each  state:  1910. .  186 

Chapter  5.— POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN   BIRTH  AND 
FOREIGN  PARENTAGE,  BY  COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

Definition  of  terms 187 

Mother-tongue  statistics 187 

United  States  as  a  whole 188 

Total  foreign  born,  by  country  of  birth:  1910  and  1900  ....  188 

Comparison  for  censuses  of  1860  to  1910 190 

Immigration  in  relation  to  foreign-bom  population 190 

Foreign  born,  by  sex 191 

Foreign  bora  from  Germany,  Austria,  Hungary,  and  Rus- 
sia, classified  by  mother  tongue 192 

Foreign  white  stock:  1900  and  1910 192 

Divisions  and  states 195 

Total  foreign  bom,  by  divisions 195 

Foreign  white  stock,  by  divisions 198 

Foreign  bom  and  foreign  white  stock,  by  states 199 

In  urban  and  mral  communities 199 

In  principal  cities 200 

DIAGRAMS. 

Foreign-born  population,  by  principal  countries  of  birth:  1910 
and  1900 189 

Per  cent  of  the  foreign-bom  population  bora  in  the  principal 
countries:  1910 189 


CONTENTS. 


Face. 
Per  cent  of  the  foreign-born  population  bom  in  the  principal 

countries:  1900 189 

Per  cent  of  the  foreign  white  stock,  by  principal  countries  of 

origin:  1910 192 

Foreign  white  stock,  by  principal  countries  of  origin :  1910 194 

Chapter  6.— FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION— DATE 
OF  IMMIGRATION. 

United  States  as  a  whole 215 

Divisions  and  states 216 

Urban  and  rural  communities 217 

Principal  cities 218 

Chaptkb  7.— school  ATTENDANCE  AND 
ILLITERACY. 

School  attendance 219 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1909-10 219 

Persona  attending  school: 

Classified  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage.  219 

Classified  by  sex 219 

Classified  by  age  groups 220 

Percentage  attending  school : 

Classified  by  age  groups 220 

Classified  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parenti^e .  221 

Classified  by  sex 222 

Urban  and  rural  population 222 

Divisions  and  states:  1909-10 223 

Number  and  percentage  attending  school ,  by  age  groups  223 

Persons  6  to  20  years  of  age 223 

Children  6  to  14  years  of  age 225 

Persons  6  to  20  years  of  age,  lU'ban  and  rural 226 

Principal  cities:  1909-10 231 

Comparative  summary:  1910  and  1900 236 

United  States  as  a  whole 236 

Divisions  and  states 236 


Illiteracy 239 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over: 

United  States  as  a  whole 239 

Number  of  illiterates 239 

Percentage  of  illiteracy 239 

Sex 240 

Age  groups 240 

Urban  and  rural  population 240 

Divisions  and  states .' 242 

Percentage  of  illiteracy 243 

Sex 248 

Urban  and  rural  population 248 

Principal  cities 249 

Cliildren  from  10  to  14  years  of  age 254 

United  States  as  a  whole 254 

Divisions  and  states 254 

Males  21  years  of  age  and  over 255 

United  States  as  a  whole 255 

Divisions  and  states 255 

Principal  cities 256 


Percentage  of  illiteracy  in  the  population  10  years  of  age  and 

over:  1910 246,247 

Total  population 246 

Native  whites  of  native  parentage 246 

Foreign-bom  whites 247 

Negroes 247 

Chapteb  8.— DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES. 

United  States  as  a  whole 259 

Divisions  and  states 259 

j    Urban  and  rural  communities 260 

1    Principal  cities 260 


AGRICULTURE. 


Chapter  9.— FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY 


Page. 


United  States  as  a  whole:  1910  and  1900 265 

Farms  and  farm  land,  by  divisions  and  states:  1910  and  1900. . .  266 

Geographic  distribution  of  farms  and  farm  land 266 

Increases  and  decreases:  1900-1910 267 

Percentage  of  land  in  farms  and  percentage  improved 270 

Average  size  of  farms 271 

Value  of  farm  property,  by  divisions  and  states:  1910  and  1900.  274 

Gec^raphic  distribution  of  farm  values 274 

Increase  in  value  of  farm  property 274 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  of  land 278 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm 278 

Farms  and  farm  property:  1850  to  1910 , 281 

United  States  as  a  whole 281 

Geographic  divisions 282 

MAPS. 

Per  cent  land  in  farms  forms  of  total  land  area,  by  counties: 
1910 272 

Per  cent  improved  land  in  farms  forms  of  total  land  area,  by 
counties:  1910 273 

Average  value  of  land  in  farms  per  acre,  by  counties:  1910 —  275 

Chapter  10.— TENURE,  MORTGAGE  INDEBTEDNESS, 
COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS,  AND  SIZE 
OF  FARMS. 

Tenure  of  farms *. . . .  285 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1910  and  1900 285 

Geographic  divisions 286 

Main  tenure  classes:  1910  and  1900 286 

Number  of  farms  for  all  tenure  groups:  1910  and  1900.  288 
States:  1910  and  1900 289 


Page. 

Farm  mortgages 292 

Number  of  farms  mortgaged 292 

Amount  of  mortgage  debt 293 

Statistics  by  states 295 

Color  and  nativity  of  farmers 296 

Number  of  native  white,  foreign-bom  white,  and  colored 

farmers,  by  tenure:  1910 296 

Number  of  farmers,  classified  by  color:  1910  and  1900 298 

Country  of  birth  of  white  farmers:  1910 298 

Color  and  tenure  of  farmers  in  the  South:  1910  and  1900 299 

Farms,  classified  by  size 303 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1910  and  1900 303 

Geographic  divisions 303 

States:  1910  and  1900 306 

DIAGRAMS. 

Number  of  farms,  classified  by  character  of  tenure  of  operator: 


1910. 


289 
Acreage  of  all  land  in  farms,  classified  by  character  of  tenure 

of  operator:  1910 289 

Number  of  farms  operated  by  their  owners,  free  and  mortgaged : 

1910 293 

Number  of  farms,  classified  by  color  and  nativity  of  operator: 

1910 296 

Chapter  11.— LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS  AND 
ELSEWHERE. 

All  live  stock  on  farms 309 

Domestic  animals  on  farms 310 

Cattle  on  farms 313 

United  States  as  a  whole 313 

Divisions  and  states .- 314 


8 


CONTENTS. 


Pace- 
Horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  on  farms 319 

United  States  as  a  whole 319 

Divisions  and  states 320 

Swine  on  farms 327 

United  States  as  a  whole 327 

Divisions  and  states 327 

Sheep  and  goats  on  farms 329 

United  States  as  a  whole 329 

Divisions  and  states 330 

Poultry  on  farms 334 

Bees  on  farms 337 

Domestic  animals  not  on  farms 337 

Domestic  animals  on  farms  and  not  on  farms 342 

MAPS. 

All  cattle  on  farms — Number,  by  states:  April  15,  1910 318 

Dairy  cows  on  farms — Number,  by  states:  April  15,  1910 318 

All  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  on  farms — Number,  by 

'  states:  Aprill5,  1910 326 

All  swine  on  farms — Number,  by  states:  April  15,  1910 326 

All  sheep  on  farms — Number,  by  states:  April  15,  1910 331 

All  fowls  on  farms — Number,  by  states:  April  15,  1910 335 

Chapter  12.— LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS,  AND  DOMESTIC 
ANIMALS  SOLD  OR  SLAUGHTERED  ON  FARMS. 

Dairy  products 343 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1909  and  1899 343 

Divisions  and  states 344 

Production  of  dairy  products:  1909  and  1899 344 

Sales  of  dairy  products:  1909  and  1899 346 

Wool  and  mohair 350 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1909  and  1899 350 

Divisions  and  states:  1909  and  1899 350 

Mohair  and  goat  hair:  1909  and  1899 351 

Poultry  and  eggs 353 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1909  and  1899 353 

Divisions  and  states:  1909  and  1899 354 

Honey  and  wax:  1909  and  1899 356 

Domestic  animals  sold  or  slaughtered  on  farms 356 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1909 356 

Divisions  and  states:  1909 357 

Chapter  13.— FARM  CROPS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION, 
AND  VALUE. 

Crops  in  general 359 

United  States  as  a  whole 369 

Acreage  and  value  of  all  crops:  1909  and  1899 359 

Relative  importance  of  different  crops:  1909  and  1899.  361 
Relation  of  prices  to  increase  in  value:  1899  to  1909.. .  363 
Increase  of  crop  production  and  consumption:  1899  to 

1909 364 

Acreage  of  leading  crops:  1879  to  1909 364 

Divisions  and  states 364 

Distribution  of  all  crops,  by  divisions:  1909  and  1899. .  364 
Relative  importance  of  leading  crops  in  the  total  pro- 
duction of  each  division,  section,  and  state:  1909 365 

Relative  importance  of  the  divisions  and  sections  in 

the  production  of  leading  crops :  1909 368 

Acreage  and  value  of  crops,  by  states:  1909  and  1899..  369 

Sale  and  purchase  of  feedable  crops:  1909 371 

Expenditures  for  labor  and  fertilizers  on  farms 372 

Expenditures  for  labor:  1909  and  1899 372 

Expenditures  for  fertilizers:  1909  and  1899 374 

The  cereals 374 

Com 378 

Wheat 380 


P«ce. 
The  cereals — Continued. 

Oats 382 

Barley 386 

Rye 386 

Buckwheat 386 

Emmer  and  spelt 387 

Kafir  com  and  milo  maize. 387 

Rice 387 

Other  grains  and  seeds 392 

Dry  edible  beans  and  dry  peas 392 

Peanuts 393 

Flaxseed 393 

Grass  seed  and  flower  and  vegetable  seeds 394 

Minor  seeds  with  acreage  reports 395 

Hay  and  forage 396 

Vegetables 398 

Potatoes 398 

Sweet  potatoes  and  yams 399 

Other  vegetables 401 

Tobacco 402 

Cotton  and  cotton  seed 404 

Sugar  crops 406 

Sugar  cane  and  products 406 

Sorghum  cane  and  sirup,  sugar  beets,  and  maple  sugar  and 

sirup 407 

Sundry  minor  crops 408 

Broom  corn,  hemp,  hops,  miscellaneous,  and  by-products. .  408 

Fruits  and  nuts 409 

Small  fruits 409 

Orchard  fruits 410 

Apples 411 

Peaches  and  nectarines 412 

Pears 412 

Plums  and  prunes 413 

Cherries 413 

Apricots 414 

Quinces 414 

Grapes 414 

Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits 415 

Oranges,    lemons,    pomeloes    (grapefruit),    other 

citrous  fruits,  figs,  pineapples,  and  olives 415 

Other  tropical  and  subtropical  fruits 416 

All  nuts 416 

Almonds,  pecans,  and  Persian  or  English  walnuts 416 

Flowers  and  plants,  nursery  products,  and  forest  products 418 

M.\PS. 

All  farm  crops — Value,  by  states:  1909 371 

Acreage,  by  states:  1909: 

All  cereals 376 

Com 384 

Wheat 384 

Oats 385 

Hay  and  forage 385 

Cotton 405 

Fruits  and  nuts— Value,  by  states:  1909 417 

DIAGRAMS. 

Land  area,  distribution:  April  15, 1910 362 

Crop  acreage:  1909 362 

Improved  land,  distribution:  1909 362 

Improved  land,  distribution:  1899 362 

Value  of  all  crops,  distribution  by  crops:  1909 362 

Value  of  all  crops,  distribution  by  divisions:  1909 362 

Value  of  all  crops,  distribution  by  crops,  by  divisions:  1909  . .  366 


CONTENTS. 


9 


Chapter  14.— IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 

Page. 

The  arid  region 422 

Summary 422 

Farms  and  acreage  irrigated 423 

Number  of  farms  irrigated 423 

Acreage  irrigated 423 

Acreage  irrigated  in  1909,  acreage  enterprises  were  capable 
of  irrigating  in  1910,  and  acreage  included  in  projects. . .  424 

Acreage  irrigated,  classified  by  source  of  water  supply 425 

Irrigation  works 426 

Number  of  enterprises  and  number  and  length  of  ditches. .  426 
Reservoirs,  wells,  and  pumping  plants 426 


Face. 

Cost 427 

Average  cost  per  acre 427 

Average  cost  per  acre,  by  type  of  enterprise 428 

Average  cost  per  acre,  by  size  groups 428 

Operation  and  maintenance 429 

Crops 429 

Average  yields  per  acre 430 

Average  values  per  acre 430 

Comparison  with  preceding  census 431 

Irrigation  for  rice  growing 431 

Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas 432 

Farms  reporting 432 

Acreage  irrigate<l 432 


MANUFACTURES. 


Chapter  15.— STATISTICS  FOR  STATES,  CITIES,  AND 

INDUSTRIES.  Page. 

General  summary ." 437 

Continental  United  States  and  noncontiguous  territoiy. . .  437 

Explanation  of  terms 437 

United  States  as  a  whole 438 

Comparison  for  1909,  1904,  and  1899 438 

Comparison  with  earlier  censuses 439 

Leading  industries 440 

States  and  geographic  divisions 444 

Fifty  leading  cities 448 

Distribution  according  to  size  of  communitiee 449 

Persons  engaged  in  manufacturing  industiies 461 

Definitions  and  explanations 451 

United  States  as  a  whole 452 

Occupational  status  by  leading  industries 453 

Comparison  with  previous  censuses  as  to  occupational 

status 454 

Sex  and  age  distribution,  by  leading  indu.stries 454 

Sex  and  age  distribution,  by  states 456 

Comparison  with  previous  censuses  as  to  sex  and  age 457 

Comparison  of  sex  and  age  distribution  in  selected  indus- 
tries: 1909,  1904,  and  1899 457 

Divisions  and  states:  1909,  1904,  and  1899 458 

Wage  earners  employed,  by  months 459 

Character  of  ownership 461 

Summary  for  United  States 461 

Proportion  (^f  business  done  by  corporations  in  the  prin- 
cipal industries:  1909  and  1904 461 

Proportion  of  business  done  by  corporations,  by  states: 

1909and  1904 462 

Size  of  establishments 464 

Summary  for  United  States 464 

Relative  importance  of  establishments  producing  products 

valued  at  $1,000,000  or  over  in  the  principal  industries.  465 
Relative  importance  of  establishments  producing  products 

valued  at  $1,000,000  or  over,  by  states 466 

Establishments  grouped  by  number  of  wage  earners 468 

Distribution  of  expenses 470 

Leading  industries 470 

States 470 

Engines  and  power 471 

Summary  for  United  States:  1909,  1904,  and  1899 471 

Leading  industries 472 

States 473 

Supplementary  data  regarding  important  industries 475 

Food  and  kindred  products 475 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 475 

Canning  and  preserving 475 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 476 

Rice,  cleaning  and  polishing 477 


Supplementary  data  regarding  important  industries-Contd. 

Food  and  kindred  products — Continued.  Page. 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 477 

Sugar 478 

Textiles 479 

Carpets  and  rugs 480 

Cordage  and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods 481 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 482 

Felt  goods 482 

Hats,  fur-felt  and  wool-felt 483 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 483 

Oilcloth  and  linoleum 484 

Shoddy 485 

Silk  and  silk  goods 485 

Woolen  and  worsted  goods 486 

Iron  and  steel 487 

Blast  furnaces 488 

Steel  works  and  rolling  mills 488 

Tin  plate  and  temeplate 491 

Wire 492 

Leather  and  its  products 492 

Leather 493 

Boots  and  shoes 493 

Gloves  and  mittens,  leather 494 

Chemicals  and  allied  products 494 

Chemicals 495 

Coke 496 

Dyestuffs  and  extracts 496 

Explosives 497 

Fertilizers 498 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 498 

Glucose  and  starch 499 

Cottonseed  oil  and  cake 499 

Oil,  essential 500 

Paint  and  varnish 500 

Petroleum,  refining 501 

Salt 501 

Soap 501 

Sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acids 502 

Turpentine  and  rosin 503 

Clay,  glass,  and  stone  products 503 

Brick  and  tile,  and  pottery,  terra-cotta,  and  fire-clay 

products 503 

Cement 503 

Glass 504 

Lime 504 

Vehicles  for  land  transportation 504 

Automobiles 504 

Bicycles  and  motorcycles,  and  parts 505 

Carris^es  and  wagons  and  materials 505 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and   repairs  by 

eteam-railroad  companies 505 


10 


CONTENTS. 


Supplementary  data  regarding  important  industries — Contd.    Page. 
Vehicles  for  land  transportation — (Continued. 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  bystreet- 
railroad  companies 506 

Cars,  steam-railroad 506 

Cars,  street-railroad 507 

Summary  for  railroad  cars 507 

Miscellaneous  industries 507 

Agricultural  implements 507 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 507 

Ice,  manufactured 508 

Lumber  and  timber  products 508 

Pianos  and  organs  and  materials 509 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 509 

Phonographs  and  graphophones.-. 510 

Printing  and  publishing 511 

Shipbuilding,  including  boat  building 512 

Laundries 513 

Small  custom  sawmills  and  gristmills 513 

OENERAIi  TABLES. 

Table  110. — Comparative  summary  for  the  United  States,  by 
specified  industries:  1909, 1904,  and  1899 514 


Page. 

Table  111. — Comparative  summary  for  the  United  States,  by 
states:  1909,  1904,  and  1899 525 

Table  112. — Comparative  summary  for  the  25  principal  cities: 
1909,  1904,  and  1899 .' 528 

Table  113. — Cities  of  10,000  inhabitants  or  over — Number  of 
establishments,  average  number  of  wage  earners,  value  of 
products,  and  value  added  by  manufacture:  1909,  1904,  and 
1899 529 

MAP. 

Vi^lue  of  products  of  manufactures:  1909 444 

DIAGRAMS. 

Value  of  products,  by  industries:  1909  and  1899 436 

Per  cent   distribution  of    value  of  products,  by  industries: 

1909 443 

Per  cent  distribution  of  average  number  of  wage  earners,  by 

industries:  1909 443 

Value  of  products,  by  states:  1909  and  1899 446 

Average  number  of  wage  earners,  by  states:  1909  and  1899 447 

Value  of  products  for  principal  cities:  1909 450 


MINES  AND  QUARRIES. 


Chapter  16.— MINES  AND  QUARRIES. 


Page. 


Pa«8L 

liand  tenure 552 

Form  of  organization.' 552 

Size  of  enterprises 553 

Classification  according  to  number  of  wage  earners 553 

Classification  according  to  value  of  products 555 

Distribution  of  expenses 555 

Engines  and  power 556 

Quantity  of  minerals 556 

DIAGRAMS. 

Value  of  products  of  mining  industries:  1909 543 

Value  of  products  of  mining  industries:    by  states,  1902  and 

1909;  by  divisions,  1909  (based  on  Tables  25  and  27) 543 

Value  of  products,  by  industries:    1902  and  1909  (based  on 

Tables  4  and  26) 545 

Valueof  products  of  leading  industries  by  states:  1909 546 

INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES 565 


General  summary 541 

Continental  United  States  and  noncontiguous  territory 541 

Producing  and  nonproducing  mines 541 

Geographic  distribution  of  producing  enterprises 542 

Principal  mining  industries 544 

General  comparison  for  the  United  States:  1902-1909 544 

Greographic  distribution  of  the  principal  industries 546 

Persons  engaged  in  mining  industries 548 

Distribution  by  sex  and  age 548 

Distribution  by  industrial  status 548 

Proprietors  performing  manual  labor 549 

Wage  earners  by  occupation 549 

Contract  work 550 

Number  of  persons  employed,  by  months 550 

Prevailing  hours  of  labor 551 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  AND  LABOR, 

BUKEAU   OF  THE   CeNSUS, 

WasJiington,  D.  C,  December  21,  1912. 
Sir: 

I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  the  Abstract  of  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census.  In  condensed 
form  it  contains  the  principal  statistics  gathered  at  the  decennial  enumeration  of  1910  on  the  subject  of  popula- 
tion (except  occupation  statistics),  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  mining,  and  gives  figures  on  aJl  subjects  for 
the  United  States  as  a  whole,  and  for  the  different  states;  together  with  statistics  relating  to  population  and 
manufactures  for  the  principal  cities. 

Other  editions  of  the  Abstract  are  being  issued  with  supplements  relating  to  each  of  the  states  and  to  the 
District  of  Columbia,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico,  respectively.  Each  of  these  editions  will  contain  all  of 
the  matter  here  published,  and,  in  addition  thereto,  a  second  section  which  will  treat  the  same  subjects  with 
greater  detail  for  the  state  to  which  it  refers,  and  will  embrace  all  of  the  census  results  to  be  published  concerning 
that  state,  its  counties,  cities,  and  other  cirvil  divisions,  except  as  to  occupations. 
Respectfully, 


Hon.  Charles  Nagel, 

Secretary  of  Commerce  and  Labor. 


Director  of  the  Census. 


(11) 


03 

O 

M 


O 

Pi 
o 


(12) 


INTRODUCTION. 


SCOPE  AND  CHARACTER  OP  THE  REPORT. 

The  present  volume  gives  a  report  in  condensed  form 
of  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census  of  the  United  States, 
taken  in  the  year  1910.  It  covers  the  four  principal 
branches — Population,  Agriculture,  Manufactures,  and 
Mines  and  Quarries — and  is  complete  as  to  all  the  sub- 
jects comprised  under  these  four  branches,  except  the 
subject  of  occupations  and  one  or  two  minor  inquiries 
of  the  population  schedule,  the  data  for  which  have 
not  yet  been  fully  tabulated. 

Most  of  the  results  of  the  census  for  individual 
states  and  for  the  country  as  a  whole  have  been  pub- 
lished from  time  to  time  in  the  form  of  press  notices 
and  preliminary  bulletins,  but  the  present  report  is 
the  first  general  publication  covering  all  topics. 

Purpose  of  the  condensed  summary. — For  a  group  of 
statistical  inquiries  covering  as  many  subjects  as  the 
decennial  census  of  the  United  States,  an  exhaustive 
report  giving  results  for  the  smaller  geograpliic  units, 
such  as  counties  and  minor  civil  divisions,  needs  for 
its  presentation  a  series  of  bulky  volumes.  Such  a 
report,  however  valuable  in  libraries  and  reference  col- 
lections, is  inconvenient  for  general  use,  because  the 
main  results  of  the  census  must  be  picked  out  from  a 
mass  of  geographical  detail,  and  at  the  same  time  a 
person  who  wishes  complete  statistics  for  his  own 
state,  count}',  or  city  is  obliged  to  search  through 
several  volumes.  The  Bureau  of  the  Census  there- 
fore has  prepared  the  present  volume,  which  assembles 
in  one  place  all  the  general  results  of  the  census.  It 
presents  statistics  regarding  population,  agriculture, 
manufactures,  and  mines  and  quarries  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  and  for  individual  states;  and  statis- 
tics regarding  population  and  manufactures  also  for 
the  principal  cities. 

State  supplements. — The  condensed  report  or  ab- 
stract is  usually  accompanied  by  a  supplement  for  one 
of  the  states.  Such  a  supplement  has  been  omitted 
from  the  present  edition,  which  is  designed  to  meet 
the  needs  of  those  who  are  primarily  interested  in  the 
statistics  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  for  the  in- 
dividual states,  and  for  the  principal  cities. 

The  supplements  usually  issued  with  the  Abstract 
contain  for  a  given  state  all  of  the  details  published 
by  the  census  for  counties  and  other  subdivisions  of 
the  state  regarding  population,  agriculture,  and  manu- 
factures. Statistics  for  the  state  as  a  whole  cover  the 
same  subjects  with  somewhat  greater  detail,  and  also 
mining  industries.  In  this  way  it  is  designed  to  com- 
bine, as  far  as  practicable  in  one  volume,  the  advan- 
tages of  a  condensed  treatment  with  those  of  an 
exhaustive  treatment  of  census  results.     Many  per- 


sons desire  statistics  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole, 
for  the  states  as  its  primary  subdivisions,  and  for  the 
prmcipal  cities  of  the  countiy,  but  their  interest  in 
local  detail  does  not  as  a  rule  extend  beyond  the 
borders  of  the  state  in  which  they  reside.  The  com- 
bination, therefore,  of  a  condensed  census  report  and 
a  state  supplement  will,  it  is  believed,  meet  the  needs 
of  by  far  the  majority  of  those  who  are  interested  in 
census  results. 

The  method  of  presentation  of  the  statistics  in  the 
supplement  follows  closely  that  in  the  main  part  of 
the  volume.  Here,  as  in  the  Abstract  proper,  the 
four  subjects — Population,  Agriculture,  Manufactures, 
and  Mines  and  Quarries — are  covered.  Detailed 
figures  are  given  for  population  and  agriculture  by 
counties  and  for  population  and  manufactures  by 
cities.  The  tables  contain  numerous  comparative  and 
relative  figures,  and  the  text  discussion,  which  for  the 
most  part  is  confined  to  the  statistics  for  the  state  as  a 
whole,  will  aid  in  interpreting  the  figures  for  its  sub- 
divisions. The  method  of  arranging  the  statistics  of 
population  and  agriculture  for  the  counties  differs 
from  that  at  previous  censuses,  in  that  all  the  data 
concerning  each  county  are  presented  in  a  few  columns 
instead  of  being  distributed  by  subjects  among  a 
number  of  distinct  and  widely  separated  tables. 
Statistics  of  population  for  cities  are  presented  in 
similar  form. 

Limitation  of  term  'United  States." — The  area  of 
enumeration  of  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census  in- 
cluded, besides  the  United  States  in  the  ordinary- 
understanding  of  that  term,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and 
Porto  Rico.  Other  outlying  possessions  and  depend- 
encies were  not  canvassed.  The  totals  presented  for 
the  United  States  do  not  include  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and 
Porto  Rico,  except  when  expressly  stated.  The  exclu- 
sion of  these  outlying  possessions  from  most  of  the 
tables  and  discussion  rests  on  the  obvious  differences 
as  respects  population  and  social  and  economic  condi- 
tions between  these  distant  territories  and  continental 
United  States. 

Grouping  of  states  in  geographic  divisions. — Almost 
all  the  facts  presented  in  the  tables  and  discussed 
in  the  text  of  this  volume  are  given  for  each  state  as 
well  as  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole.  Because, 
however,  of  the  large  number  of  states,  and  for  other 
reasons,  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  exhibit  the  broad 
geographic  conditions  regarding  population  and  pro- 
duction by  means  of  comparisons  among  individual 
states.  In  addition,  therefore,  to  the  presentation  of 
statistics  by  states,  this  volume  gives  statistics  for 
nine  groups  of  states,  which  are  designated  as  geo- 

(13) 


14 


INTRODUCTION. 


graphic  divisions.  The  states  which  constitute  each 
division  can  be  found  in  any  of  the  general  tables 
and  can  be  seen  at  a  glance  at  the  map  on  page  12. 

This  plan  reduces  the  comparisons  necessary  to  a 
general  understanding  of  the  geographic  differences  in 
conditions  to  a  number  which  can  be  readily  grasped. 
The  states  within  each  of  these  divisions  are  for  the 
most  part  fairly  homogeneous  in  physical  character- 
istics, as  well  as  in  the  characteristics  of  their  popu- 
lation and  their  economic  and  social  conditions, 
while  on  the  other  hand  each  division  differs  more  or 
less  sharply  from  most  others  in  these  respects.  In 
forming  these  groups  of  states  the  lines  have  been 
based  partly  on  physical  and  partly  on  historical  con- 
ditions. These  nine  geographic  divisions  are  some- 
times grouped  in  the  text  tables  into  three  great  sec- 
tions— the  North,  which  includes  the  New  England, 
^Middle  Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  and  West  North 
Central  divisions;  the  South,  which  includes  the  South 
Atlantic,  East  South  Central,  and  West  South  Central 
divisions ;  and  the  West,  which  includes  the  Mountain 
and  Pacific  divisions. 

The  grouping  of  the  states  in  geographic  divisions 
has  facilitated  a  geographical  rather  than  an  alpha- 
betical order  in  the  tables  which  present  the  results 
for  individual  states.  The  advantage  of  this  geo- 
graphical order  lies  in  the  greater  ease  with  which 
conditions  in  contiguous  states  can  be  compared. 

Statistics  for  urban  and  rural  communities. — Cities 
represent,  in  comparison  with  the  remainder  of  the 
country,  a  distinct  type  of  economic  and  industrial  life. 
This  fundamental  distinction  between  the  economic 
activities  of  urban  and  rural  districts  brings  with 
it  certain  marked  differences  with  respect  to  the 
composition  and  characteristics  of  the  population. 
As  the  cities  are  very  numerous,  and  as  they  contain 
often  a  large  part  of  the  total  population  of  a  state, 
these  differences  can  not  be  readily  perceived  by 
comparing  the  statistics  for  individual  cities  with 
those  for  the  states.  For  convenience  of  comparison, 
therefore,  the  more  important  statistics  regarding  the 
number,  composition,  and  characteristics  of  the  popu- 
lation have  been  presented  separately  for  urban  com- 
munities as  a  group  and  for  rural  communities  as  a 
group.  In  drawing  this  distinction  all  incorporated 
places  (including  New  England  towns)  having  a  popu- 
lation of  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  are  considered  as 
urban,  and  the  remainder  of  the  country  as  rural.  A 
discussion  of  this  classification  is  found  in  Chapter  1. 

Statistics  concerning  the  urban  as  distinguished 
from  the  rural  communities  are  given  in  many  of  the 
tables  by  states,  but  the  more  detailed  statistics  as 
well  as  the  text  discussion  regarding  the  differences 
between  the  two  classes  of  communities  are  confined 
to  the  United  States  as  a  whole  and  the  geographic 
divisions.  A  further  analysis  of  the  urban  population 
is  given  in  some  of  the  tables  by  classifiying  the  cities 
according  to  their  size.     This  grouping  of  the  cities 


would  have  little  significance  in  the  case  of  many  indi- 
vidual states,  because  of  the  small  number  of  larger 
cities,  but  is  of  much  interest  in  the  case  of  the  geo- 
graphic divisions. 

In  addition  to  statistics  for  urban  communities  as  a 
class,  figures  are  given  throughout  the  chapters  on 
population  and  manufactures  for  the  more  important 
cities  individually.  For  the  larger  cities  the  tables 
generally  give  the  same  details  as  for  the  states.  Foi 
smaller  cities  the  statistics  are  presented  in  more  con- 
densed form. 

Comparative  and  derivative  figures. — Both  in  the 
general  tables  and  in  the  text  discussion  an  effort 
has  been  made  to  enhance  the  value  of  the  statis- 
tics for  the  census  of  1910  by  the  introduction  of 
comparative  figures  for  earlier  censuses,  and  by  the 
presentation  of  important  ratios,  averages,  and  per- 
centages. The  full  significance  of  census  data  is 
brought  out  only  by  comparisons  between  different 
censuses  and  between  different  classes  and  communities 
for  the  same  census,  and  comparisons  based  upon  abso- 
lute numbers  are  usually  much  less  instructive  and 
less  readily  grasped  than  those  based  upon  percent- 
ages and  averages. 

Text  discussion  of  tables. — The  general  aspects  of  the 
statistics  presented  in  tabular  form  are  briefly  dis- 
cussed in  the  accompanying  text.  This  explanatory 
text  serves  the  purpose  of  calling  attention  to  cer- 
tain important  results  of  the  census  inquiry.  It  is 
not  intended  that  this  text  shall  present  an  exhaustive 
analysis  of  the  statistics.  In  the  main,  therefore,  the 
discussion  is  confined  to  the  facts  disclosed  by  the 
census  concerning  the  United  States  as  a  whole  and 
the  geographic  divisions,  with  only  occasional  reference 
to  the  figures  for  individual  states  or  cities.  This 
general  discussion,  however;  should  serve  as  a  guide 
in  the  interpretation  of  figures  for  such  smaller  geo- 
graphic units,  and  should  likewise  be  useful  in  pre- 
ventiug  erroneous  conclusions  which  might  occasion- 
ally be  drawn  from  the  consideration  of  an  isolated 
table,  without  taking  into  account  its  relation  to  other 
census  data. 

In  the  presentation  of  the  results  of  the  census  by 
subjects,  the  text  and  tables  relative  to  any  subject 
have  been  treated  as  a  unit,  the  tables  being  either 
inserted  in  the  text  or  placed  immediately  after  it. 
Tliis  represents  a  departure  from  the  practice,  followed 
ia  many  census  reports,  of  printing  the  general  tables 
at  the  end  of  the  volume  and  the  text  comment  at 
the  beginning,  but  it  is  believed  to  effect  a  distinct 
gain  for  those  who  consult  the  volume  to  study  a  given 
subject.  At  the  same  time  those  who  merely  refer  to 
it  for  some  particular  figure  will  readily  find  it  with 
the  aid  of  the  table  of  contents  and  the  index. 

Maps  and  diagrams  have  been  employed  in  this  vol- 
ume to  present  graphically  some  of  the  more  important 
facts  ascertained  by  the  census  enumeration,  and  have 
as  far  as  possible,  like  the  tables,  been  printed  in  im- 


INTRODUCTION. 


15 


mediate  connection  with  the  discussion  of  the  subject 
to  which  they  relate. 

Index. — It  wiU  be  recognized  that  the  separate  facts 
treated  in  this  volume  are  so  numerous  that  the  prep- 
aration of  a  complete  index  both  by  subjects  and  by 
geographic  units  would  be  impracticable  and  of  doubt- 
ful utility.  The  table  of  contents  at  the  beginning 
of  the  volume  will  serve  the  needs  of  those  who  are 
interested  in  the  broad  general  treatment  of  any  of 
the  topics  included  within  the  volume.  To  meet  the 
needs  of  those  who  will  use  it  mainly  as  a  work  of 
ready  reference,  an  index  has  been  prepared  which, 
under  each  of  the  four  main  heads  of  the  census — 
Population,  Agriculture,  Manufactures,  and  Mines 
and  Quarries — gives  an  alphabetical  list  of  the  topics 
covered  by  the  tables,  and  an  indication  of  the  classes 
of  geographic  units  to  which  the  figures  given  relate. 
Those  who  wish  some  items  of  information  relative  to 
some  particular  state  or  city  can  readily  find  it  by 
looking  up  the  index  references  for  the  class  to  which 
it  belongs,  either  "states"  or  "cities,"  as  the  case 
may  be. 

Comparison  with  previous  census  abstracts. — While 
the  present  condensed  report  of  the  Thirteenth  Census 
bears  the  title  "Abstract  of  the  Census,"  it  differs  in 
important  respects  from  the  publications  of  previous 
censuses  bearing  the  same  name.  The  Abstracts  at 
previous  censuses  were  merely  reference  books  of  sta- 
tistical tables  relating  to  the  United  States  as  a  whole, 
the  states,  and  principal  cities.  They  contained  no 
text  whatever,  maps  and  diagrams  were  wholly  lack- 
ing, and  the  tables  presented  only  a  very  limited 
amount  of  comparative  matter. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE   THIRTEENTH  DECENNIAL 
CENSUS. 

T?ie  permanent  Census  Bureau. — The  methods  of 
collecting  and  tabulating  the  statistics  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Decennial  Census  were  substantially  similar 
to  those  employed  in  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
Censuses.  The  Thirteenth  Census,  however,  was  the 
first  taken  since  the  organization  of  the  permanent 
Bureau  of  the  Census.  At  every  prior  census  an 
entirely  new  central  organization  had  to  be  formed, 
as  there  were  no  permanent  officials  or  clerks  who 
continued  in  office  during  the  iaterval  between  the 
decennial  censuses.  By  virtue  of  the  act  of  March  6, 
1902,  a  permanent  Bureau  of  the  Census  was  created 
in  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  which  bureau  was 
subsequently  transferred  to  the  newly  created  Depart- 
ment of  Coromerce  and  Labor.  One  of  the  chief 
objects  of  this  legislation  was  to  permit  the  retention 
in  the  service  of  a  certain  number  of  persons  famihar 
with  decennial  census  work,  but  a  further  object  was 
to  provide  an  organization  for  the  collection  of  certain 
classes  of  statistics  during  the  interval  between  the 
decennial  censuses.  These  intercensal  investigations 
included  some  which  had  not  been  previously  under- 
taken by  the  Federal  Government  at  all  and  some 


which  had  been  carried  on  by  other  bureaus  of  the 
Government.  They  also  included  certain  topics  which 
had  previously  been  investigated  in  connection  with 
the  decennial  census,  but  which  were  not,  by  their 
nature,  essential  parts  of  such  a  census,  and  which 
tended  unduly  to  complicate  the  work  both  in  the  field 
and  in  the  office. 

General  provisions  of  the  Thirteenth  CeTisus  act. — The 
permanent  census  act  of  March  6,  1902,  however, 
did  not  contain  the  special  provisions  of  law  nec- 
essary for  the  conduct  of  a  decennial  census.  The 
Thirteenth  Decennial  Census  was  taken  by  virtue  of 
the  act  of  July  2,  1909,  entitled  "An  act  to  provide 
for  the  Thirteenth  and  subsequent  decennial  censuses." 
This  act  designated  the  three  years  from  July  1,  1909, 
to  June  30,  1912,  as  the  "decennial  census  period," 
and  provided  for  an  expansion  of  the  force  of  the  per- 
manent bureau  in  Washington  duriag  that  period  and 
for  the  creation  of  a  special  field  force  to  collect  the 
census  statistics. 

The  Thirteenth  Census  act  provided  that  the  decen- 
nial census  should  cover  the  four  main  subjects  of  Pop- 
ulation, Agriculture,  Manufactures,  and  Mines  and 
Quarries.  Of  these,  the  subject  of  Mines  and  Quarries 
had  not  been  covered  by  the  census  of  1900,  but  a 
special  census  of  mines  and  quarries  had  been  taken 
for  1902  under  the  provisions  of  the  permanent  census 
act.  The  Twelfth  Census  had  covered  the  subject  of 
Mortality,  but,  as  mortality  statistics  are  collected 
annually  by  the  permanent  Census  Bureau,  the  subject 
was  omitted  from  the  Thirteenth  Census. 

A  list  of  the  principal  official  positions  provided  by 
the  Thirteenth  Census  act  and  of  the  persons  who 
filled  them  during  the  Thirteenth  Census  period  is 
given  on  another  page.  The  position  of  assistant 
director  and  one  of  the  positions  of  chief  statistician 
were  an  addition  to  the  positions  existing  under  the 
permanent  census  act.  Provision  was  also  made  for 
an  appointment  clerk  and  a  secretary  to  the  director, 
for  an  increase  in  the  number  of  chiefs  of  division  from 
eight  to  twelve,  and  for  a  large  increase  in  the  clerical 
force  in  Washington. 

Collection  of  statistics  of  population  and  agriculture. — 
The  statistics  of  population  and  of  agriculture  (except 
part  of  those  relating  to  irrigation  which  were  collected 
by  special  agents)  were  collected  by  a  force  of  super- 
visors and  enumerators,  while  the  statistics  of  manu- 
factures and  of  mines  and  quarries  were  collected  by 
special  agents  or  by  clerks  detailed  from  the  office. 
The  number  of  supervisors  of  the  census  was  330.  In 
general,  each  supervisor  had  jurisdiction  over  the  ter- 
ritory of  one  congressional  district,  but  in  the  states  of 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  Rhode  Island,  and  a 
number  of  the  larger  cities,  a  single  supervisor  had 
charge  of  the  work  (in  New  York  City  there  were  two 
supervisors,  one  for  Manhattan  and  Bronx  Boroughs, 
and  one  for  the  other  three  boroughs) .  The  supervisors 
were  appointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States 


16 


INTRODUCTION. 


by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate.  Thej^  were 
paid  $1,500  each  for  their  services,  plus  $1  for  each 
thousand  inhabitants  enumerated  under  their  dhec- 
tion.  The  average  population  of  most  of  the  super- 
visors' districts  was  somewhat  over  200,000,  while  the 
most  populous  district,  the  state  of  Massachusetts, 
had  more  than  3,000,000  inhabitants. 

There  were  in  all  about  70,000  enumerators  of  pop- 
ulation and  agriculture.  They  were  selected  by  the 
supervisors,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Director  of 
the  Census.  Candidates  for  the  position  were  subj ected 
to  a  practical  examuiation,  and  the  ratings  given  by  the 
supervisors  to  the  candidates,  as  well  as  their  selections, 
were  carefully  reviewed  in  the  Census  Bureau. 

The  censuses  of  agriculture  and  population  were 
taken  as  of  the  date  April  15,  1910.  Enumerators  in 
cities  of  5,000 .  inhabitants  or  more,  where  the  work 
was  practically  confined  to  population  statistics,  were 
required  to  complete  their  canvass  within  fifteen  days 
after  that  date;  but  the  enumerators  in  the  smaller 
towns  and  country  districts,  partly  because  of  the 
greater  area  which  they  had  to  cover  and  partly  be- 
cause they  collected  statistics  of  agriculture  as  well  as 
of  population,  were  allowed  thirty  days.  In  the  larger 
cities,  and  in  some  instances  elsewhere,  the  supervisors 
were  allowed  special  agents  to  assist  in  instructing 
and  supervising  the  enumerators. 

Enumerators  were  in  general  paid  piece  rates,  from 
2  to  4  cents  per  name  for  the  population  census  and 
from  20  to  30  cents  per  farm  for  the  agricultural  census. 
In  sparsely  settled  sections  per  diem  rates,  ranging 
usually  from  $4  to  $6,  were  paid.  Enumerators  were 
required  to  bear  their  own  expenses  of  transportation 
and  subsistence.  The  average  amount  received  by 
enumerators  on  piece  rates  was  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  $4  for  each  day  actually  employed;  the  aver- 
age total  compensation  of  enumerators  in  the  city 
districts  was  about  $50,  and  in  the  country  districts, 
about  $75. 

Collection  of  statistics  of  manufactures  and  mines. — 
Except  in  a  very  few  sparsely  settled  sections  the 
supervisors  and  enumerators  had  nothing  to  do  with 
the  census  of  manufactures  or  of  mines  and  quarries, 
the  schedules  for  these  subjects  being  collected,  as 
already  noted,  by  special  agents  or  by  clerks  detailed 


from  the  Census  Bureau.  The  statistics  related  in 
general  to  the  calendar  ye&T  1909  and  were  collected 
during  the  spring  and  summer  of  1910.  The  special 
agents  had  varying  terms  of  service,  ranging  usually 
from  about  two  months  to  about  six  months.  Their 
pay,  in  some  cases  on  a  piece  basis,  ranged  from 
about  $3  to  $6  per  day,  in  addition  to  travel  and 
subsistence  expenses  when  they  were  away  from  their 
headquarters. 

Office  force  and  methods  of  tabulation. — The  com- 
pilation of  the  statistics  of  the  decennial  census 
required  a  large  addition  to  the  force  of  the  Census 
Bureau  in  Washington.  The  additional  clerks  and 
subclerical  employees  were  appointed  on  the  basis  of 
a  competitive  examination  by  the  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission, the  appointments  being  apportioned  among 
the  states  in  accordance  with  their  population.  The 
total  force  employed  at  different  periods  of  time  varied 
greatly,  the  minimum,  representing  the  permanent 
force  of  the  bureau  at  the  beginning  and  close  of  the 
decennial  census  period,  being  about  650,  and  the 
maximum,  in  the  fall  of  1910,  about  3,800. 

The  statistics  regarding  the  population  were  tabu- 
lated by  a  punched  card  system.  Under  this  system 
a  card  is  prepared  for  each  individual,  on  which  the 
facts  as  to  sex,  race,  age,  marital  condition,  place  of 
birth,  and  the  like,  are  indicated  by  the  punching  of 
appropriate  holes.  These  cards  are  then  sorted  accord- 
ing to  classes  by  sorting  machines,  and  the  holes  repre- 
senting the  various  characteristics  are  counted  by 
tabulating  machines.  Electric  contacts  through  the 
punched  holes  determine  the  groups  into  which  the 
cards  are  sorted,  and  similar  electric  contacts  operate 
the  counters  of  the  tabulating  machines.  On  account 
of  the  complexity  of  the  statistics  required  each  card 
must  be  sorted  several  times  and  run  through  the  tabu- 
lating machines  several  times.  The  tabulation  of  the 
statistics  of  population  in  the  present  report  represented 
the  equivalent  of  handling  once  on  the  sorting  and  tabu- 
lating machines  more  than  700,000,000  cards. 

The  statistics  of  agriculture,  manufactures,  and 
mines  and  quarries  were  tabulated  for  the  most  part  by 
means  of  ordinary  adding  machines,  no  use  being  made 
of  the  punched  card  system.  The  schedules  were  first 
sorted  by  hand,  according  to  the  desired  classes. 


ABSTRACT  OF 
THE  THIRTEENTH  CENSUS 


1910 

POPULATION 

AGRICULTURE 

MANUFACTURES 

MINES  AND  QUARRIES 


72497"— 13 2  + 


/■ 

V 


POPULATION 

Chapter  1.— NUMBER  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  INHABITANTS 

Chapter  2.— COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  PARENTAGE,  AND  SEX 

Chapter  3.— AGE  AND  MARITAL  CONDITION 

Chapter  4.— STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION 

Chapter  5.— POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN   BIRTH  AND  FOREIGN  PARENTAGE,  BY 

COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN 
Chapter  6.— FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION— DATE  OF  IMMIGRATION 
Chapter  7.— SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  AND  ILLITERACY 
Chapter  8.— DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES 


(19) 


Chapter  1. 
NUMBER  AND  DISTEIBUTION  OF  INHABITANTS. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  presents  in  condensed 
form  the  main  results  of  the  Thirteenth  Census,  which 
relate  to  the  number  of  inhabitants,  and  their  distribu- 
tion over  the  territory  of  the  United  States. 

The  tables  show  the  number  of  inhabitants  enumer- 
ated in  each  state,  county,  and  city  or  incorporated 
place  of  2,500  inhabitants  or  more.  For  the  states 
comparative  figures  are  given  back  to  the  first  census 
in  1790;  for  counties  and  cities  the  comparison  is  con- 
fined to  1910,  1900,  and  1890. 

In  connection  with  the  population  of  states  and  cities 
considerable  attention  is  given  to  the  increase  of  the 
population,  especially  in  the  last  decade.     A  table  is 


also  presented  showing  the  population  for  apportion- 
ment purposes,  which  according  to  the  Constitution 
excludes  Indians  who  are  not  taxed. 

The  chapter  shows  further  the  distribution  of  the 
population  between  urban  and  rural  communities, 
together  with  the  growth  of  population  in  urban  and 
rural  territory.  It  also  further  distinguishes  the  urban 
population  by  different  classes  of  communities  grouped 
according  to  size.  The  importance  of  the  suburbs  of 
the  larger  cities  is  shown  in  the  calculation  of  what  are 
designated  metropolitan  districts,  including  the  urban 
population  residing  within  approximately  10  miles  of 
the  cities  having  over  200,000  inhabitants. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  OF  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


Area  of  enumeration  in  1910. — The  Thirteenth 
Census  of  the  United  States  was  taken  by  the  Bureau 
of  the  Census  as  of  April  15,  1910.  The  total  area 
enumerated  included  the  United  States,  the  territories 
of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico.  The  enumera- 
tion also  included  persons  stationed  abroad  in  the 
military  and  naval  service  of  the  Government  (in- 
cluding civilian  employees,  etc.),  who  were  specially 
enumerated  through  the  cooperation  of  the  War  and 
Navy  Departments. 

Table  1  gives  the  total  population  for  the  area 
enumerated  in  1910.  The  corresponding  census  figures 
for  1900  are  also  given  for  purposes  of  comparison. 


The  rate  of  increase  from  1900  to  1910  was  20.9  per 
cent  for  the  total  area  of  enumeration  and  21  per  cent 
for  the  United  States.  It  should  be  noted  that  thia 
table  does  not  cover  all  the  outl3dng  possessions  of 
the  United  States.  Including  the  population  of  the 
Philippines  and  other  possessions,  the  population  living 
under  the  American  flag  is  approximately  as  follows: 

Population  of  the  United  States  and  possessions.  101, 100, 000 


Enumerated  at  the  census  of  1910 93, 402, 151 

Philippine  Islands,  1903 7, 635, 426 

Guam,  estimated 9, 000 

Samoa,  estimated 6, 100 

Panama  Canal  Zone,  estimated 50, 000 


Table  1                                         AREA. 

1910 

1900 

Total  area  of  entuneration 

93,  402, 161 

'  77,  256,  630 

United  States  excliisive  of  outlying  possessions 

91, 972, 266 

1,429,885 

75,  994,  575 
1,  262, 055 

Outlying  possessions  enumerated 

Alaska 

64, 356 

191, 909 

1, 118, 012 

55,608 

63,592 

154, 001 

2  953, 243 

91,219 

Hawaii 

Porto  Rico 

Persons  in  military  and  naval  service  stationed  abroad 

'  Includes  953,243  persons  enumerated  in  Porto  Rico  in  1S99. 

*  According  to  the  census  of  Porto  Rico  taken  in  1899  under  the  direction  of  the  War  Department. 


United  States. — Unless  otherwise  expressly  stated, 
the  term  "United  States,"  wherever  used,  either  m 
text  or  in  tabled  throughout  the  abstract,  means  the 
United  States  exclusive  of  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto 
Rico,  or  any  other  outlying  possessions.  The  term, 
in  other  words,  is  synonymous  with  the  term  "Con- 
tinental United  States,"  which  has  sometimes  been 
used  in  other  census  reports.  On  account  of  the 
wide  difference  in  conditions  as  between  the  United 


States  as  thus  defined  and  its  outlying  possessions,  it 
has  been  deemed  best  in  general  not  to  include  statis- 
tics for  the  latter  in  the  same  tables  with  statistics 
for  the  former. 

The  population  of  the  United  States  in  1910  was 
91,972,266.  This  represents  an  increase  during  the 
past  decade  of  15,977,691,  or  21  per  cent^  over  the  pop- 
ulation in  1900,  which  was  75,994,575.  The  rate  of 
increase  was  slightly  greater  than  from  1890  to  1900. 

(21) 


22 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


The  table  following  shows  the  population  of  the 
United  States  as  enumerated  at  each  census  from  1790 
to  1910,  inclusive,  together  with  the  increase  and  per 


cent  of  increase  during  each  decade,  and  also  adjusted 
percentages  of  increase  explained  in  the  paragraphs 
below : 


Table  Z 


CENSUS  YEAR. 


1910 
1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 
1840, 
1830, 
1820, 
1810, 
1800. 
1790, 


Population  of  the 
United  States. 


91, 

75, 

62, 

50, 

38, 

31, 

23, 

17, 

12, 

9, 

7, 

5, 

3, 


972, 266 
994,  575 
947,  714 
155,  783 
558, 371 
443, 321 
191,  876 
069,  453 
866,  020 
638,  453 
239, 881 
308, 483 
929,  214 


INCEEASE  OVEE  PBECEDING 
CENSUS. 


Number. 


15,  977,  691 

13,  046,  861 

12, 791,  931 

11,  597,  412 

7, 115, 050 

8, 251, 445 

6, 122, 423 

4, 203, 433 

3,  227, 567 

2, 398, 572 

1, 931,  398 

1, 379,  269 


Per  cent. 


21.0 
20.7 
25.5 
30.1 
22.6 
35.6 
35.9 
32.7 
33.5 
33.1 
36.4 
35.1 


Adjusted 
percentages 
of  increase. 


21.0 
20.7 
24.9 
26.0 
26.6 
35.6 
35.9 
32.7 
33.5 
33.1 
36.4 
35.1 


In  considering  the  changes  in  population  as  reported 
by  the  census  it  is  to  be  noted  that  Indians  and 
other  persons  in  Indian  Territory  and  on  Indian  res- 
ervations were  enumerated  for  the  first  time  in  1890, 
so  that  the  figures  for  that  census  are  not  strictly  com- 
parable with  those  for  1880  and  preceding  censuses. 
To  show  correctly  the  rate  of  increase  of  population 
from  1880  to  1890  it  is  necessary  to  ehminate  325,464 
Indians  and  other  persons  from  the  figures  for  1890, 
which  leaves  a  population  of  62,622,250.  This  figure 
shows  an  increase  over  1880  of  12,466,467,  or  24.9 
per  cent. 

The  evidence  is  clear  that  there  was  a  marked 
deficiency  in  the  enumeration  of  the  population  in  the 
Southern  states  in  1870,  resulting  in  an  understatement 
of  the  increase  from  1860  to  1870  and  an  overstatement 
of  the  increase  from  1870  to  1880.  There  is  no  means 
of  ascertaining  accurately  the  extent  of  the  deficiency, 
but  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  true  population 
in  1870  was  made  in  the  census  report  of  1890  (Popula- 
tion, Part  I,  pp.  xi,  xii,  and  xvi)  by  which  the  popu- 
lation in  1870  was  placed  at  39,818,449  instead  of 
38,558,371.  Using  this  figure  the  increase  of  1870 
over  1860  would  be  8,375,128,  or  26.6  per  cent,  and 
the  increase  of  1880  over  1870,  10,337,334,  or  26  per 
cent. 

Summaiizing,  it  may  be  said  that  the  population  of 
the  United  States  showed  approximately  an  increase 
of  one-third  during  each  of  the  seven  decades  from 
1790  to  1860;  of  one-fourth  during  each  of  the  three 
decades  from  1860  to  1890;  and  of  one-fifth  during 
each  of  the  last  two  decades,  1890  to  1900  and  1900 
to  1910. 

Divisions  and  states. — The  population  of  the  United 
States  by  divisions  and  states,  with  their  rank  ac- 
cording to  population,  at  each  Federal  census  from 
1790  to  1910,  inclusive,  is  shown  in  Table  5,  on  pages 
24  and  25.  This  table  shows,  in  addition  to  the  popu- 
lation of  the  United  States  proper,  that  of  Alaska, 


Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico,  and  the  number  of  persons  in 
the  military  and  naval  service  stationed  abroad. 

The  following  table  shows  the  per  cent  of  the  total 
population  of  the  United  States  in  each  geographic 
division  at  the  censuses  of  1910,  1900,  1890,  and 
1850,  the  latter  being  added  as  representing  condi- 
tions shown  by  the  first  census  taken  after  the  last  of 
the  important  accessions  to  the  territory  of  the  United 
States  had  taken  place. 


Table  3 

PEE  CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1850 

United  States 

100.0 

7.1 
21.0 
19.8 
12.7 
13.3 
9.1 
9.6 
2.9 
4.6 

100.0 

7.4 
20.3 
21.0 
13.6 
13.7 
9.9 
8.6 
2.2 
3-2 

100.0 

7.5 
20.2 
21.4 
14.2 
14.1 
10.2 
7.5 
1.9 
3.0 

100.0 

11.8 

Middle  Atlantic 

25.4 

East  North  Central  

19.5 

West  North  Central 

3.8 

South  Atlantic 

20.2 

East  South  Central 

14.5 

AVest  South  Central 

4.1 

Mountain .              . .                              

0.3 

Pacific                    

0.5 

The  growth  of  the  population  of  the  United  States 
by  divisions  and  states  in  the  last  20  years  is  shown 
in  Table  4.  The  accompanying  map  shows  the  per 
cent  of  increase  of  the  population  in  each  of  the  states 
during  the  last  decade,  different  rates  of  increase  being 
indicated  by  differences  in  shading. 

The  table  and  map  show  that  there  were  1 1  states  in 
which  population  increased  more  than  50  per  cent 
between  1900  and  1910,  as  follows:  Washington,  Okla- 
homa, Idaho,  Nevada,  North  Dakota,  New  Mexico,  Ari- 
zona, Oregon,  California,  Wyoming,  and  Montana.  Four 
divisions — the  Pacific,  Mountain,  West  South  Central, 
and  Middle  Atlantic — ^increased  in  each  of  the  lagt  two 
decades  more  rapidly  than  the  country  as  a  whole .  With 
one  exception  (the  West  South  Central)  these  divisions 
with  a  high  rate  of  increase  from  1890  to  1900  grew  still 
faster  from  1900  to  1910,  and  divisions  with  a  rela- 
tively low  rate  of  growth  in  the  former  decade  grew 
still  more  slowly  in  the  latter  decade. 


NUMBER  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  INHABITANTS. 

INCREASE  IN  TOTAL  POPULATION,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1890-1910. 


23 


Table  4 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


increask:  1 
1900-1910 


Number. 


TTnlted  States... 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


15,977,691 


960,664 
3,861,214 
2,265,040 
1,290,498 
1,751,415 

862, 144 
2,252,244 

958,860 
1,775,612 


47,905 
18,984 
12,315 
561,070 
114,054 
206,336 


1,844,720 

653,498 

1,362,996 


609,576 
184,414 
817,041 
389,191 
264,818 


324,314 
-7,082 
186,670 
257,910 
182,318 
125,914 
220,454 


Per 
cent. 


21.0 


17.2 
25.0 
14.2 
12.5 
16.8 
11.4 
34.5 
57.3 
73.5 


6.9 
4.6 
3.6 
20.0 
20.6 
22.7 


25.4 
34.7 
21.6 


14.7 
7.3 
16.9 
16.1 
12.8 


18.5 
-0.3 
0.0 
80.8 
45.4 
11.8 
15.0 


increase:! 
1890-1900 


Number. 


13,046,881 


891,268 
2,748,458 
2,507,276 
1,415,311 
1,585,558 
1,118,603 
1,791,307 
400,722 
528,358 


33,380 
35,058 
11,219 

560,399 
83,050 

162,162 


1,265,720 

438,736 

1,044,002 


485,216 
324,058 
995,198 
327,092 
375,712 


441,111 
319,556 
427,480 
128,163 

52,970 
3,644 

42,387 


Per 
cent. 


20.7 


19.0 
21.0 
18.6 
15.8 
17.9 
17.4 
37.8 
38.0 
28.0 


5.0 
9.3 
3.4 
25.3 
24.0 
21.7 


21.1 
30.4 
19.9 


13.3 

14.8 
26.0 
15.6 
22.2 


33.7 
16.7 
16.0 
67.1 
15.2 
0.3 
3.0 


division  and  state. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma* 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorada 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


increase:  I 
1900-1910 


Number. 


17,587 
107,302 

52,351 
207,428 
202,319 
312,477 
175,084 
392,790 
224,077 


142,731 
164,173 
309,396 
245,844 


262,885 
274,763 
866,764 
847,832 


132,724 
163,822 
63,434 
259,324 
131,991 
81,423 
96,602 
39,540 


623,887 
259,229 
892,496 


Per 

cent. 


9.5 
9.0 
18.8 
11.2 
27.4 
16.5 
13.1 
17.7 
42.4 


6.6 
8.1 
16.9 
15.8 


20.0 
19.9 
109.7 
27.8 


54.5 
101.3 
57.7 
48.0 
67.6 
66.2 
34.9 
93.4 


120.4 
62.7 
60.1 


increase:  1 
1890-1900 


Number. 


16,242 
145,654 

48,326 
198, 204 
190,006 
275,861 
189, 167 
378,978 
137, 120 


288,539 
253,098 
315,296 
261,670 


183,353 
263,037 
531,734 
813,183 


100,405 
73,224 
29,976 

126,451 
35,028 
34,688 
65,970 

-5,020 


160,871 
95,832 
271,655 


Per 
cent. 


14.0 
21.0 
12.0 
25.: 
17.1 
16.4 
20.6 
35.0 


15.5 
14.3 
20.8 
20.3 


16.3 
23.5 
205.6 
36.4 


70.3 
82.7 
47.9 
30.6 
21.9 
39.3 
31.3 
-10.6 


45.0 
30.2 
22.4 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


'Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1890  and  1900. 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  IN  TOTAL  POPUL.\TION,  BY  STATES:  1900-1910. 


INCREASE. 

mil  Less  than  10  per  cent. 

10  to  20  per  cent. 
W  20  to  30  per  cent. 
El  30  to  50  per  cent. 
^§  50  per  cent  and  over. 
The  heavy  lines  (—■)  show  geographic  divisions. 


24 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES,  AND  OF  SPECIFIED 


Table  5 

DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TJnlted    States,    excladlag 
outlying  possessions 


Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hamx>shiFe. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania. . 


East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 


West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 


East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 


West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 


Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 


Pacific: 

Washington . 

Oregon 

California... 


1910 


Population.    Rank 


Outlying  possessions  enu- 
merated  


Alaska 

Hawaii 

Porto  Rico 

MiUtary  and  naval ". 


91,972,266 


6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,037,921 
12,194,895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 
4,192,304 


742,371 
430,572 
356,956 

3,366,416 
542,610 

1,114,766 


9,113,614 
2,537,167 
7,665,111 


4,767,121 
2,700,876 
5,638,591 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 


2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
677,056 
583,888 
1,192,214 
1,690,949 


202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2,206,287 
1,615,400 
2,609,121 

762,619 


2,289,905 
2,184,789 
2,138,093 
1,797,114 


1,674,449 
1,656,388 
1,657,155 
3,896,542 


376,053 
325,594 
145,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81, 875 


1,141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 


1,429,886 


64,356 

191,909 

1,118,012 

56,608 


VII 

I 

II 

IV 

III 

VI 

V 

IX 

VIII 


1900 


Population.    Rank 


76,994,675 


6,592,017 
15,454,678 
15,985,581 
10,347,423 
10,443,480 
7,547,757 
6,532,290 
1,674,657 
2,416,692 


694,466 
411,588 
343, 641 
2,805,346 
428,556 
908,420 


7,268,894 
1,883,669 
6,302,115 


4,157,545 
2,516,462 
4,821,550 
2,420,982 
2,069,042 


1,751,394 
2,231,853 
3,106,665 
319, 146 
401,570 
1,066,300 
1,470,496 


184,735 
1,188,044 

278, 718 
1,854,184 

958,800 
1,893,810 
1,340,316 
2,216,331 

528,542 


2,147,174 
2,020,616 
1,828,697 
1,651,270 


1,311,564 
1,381,625 
•790,391 
3,048,710 


243,329 
161,772 

92,531 
539,700 
195, 310 
122,931 
276, 749 

42,335 


618, 103 

413,536 

1,485,053 


1,262,055 


63,692 

154,001 

»«  953, 243 

91,219 


VII 

II 

I 

IV 

III 

V 

VI 

IX 

VIII 


18901 


26 

23 

»30 

6 


Population.    Rank 


63,947,714 


4,700,749 
12,706,220 
13,478,305 
8,932,112 
8,857,922 
6, 429, 154 
4,740,983 
1, 213, 935 
1,888,334 


661,086 
376,530 
332,422 
2,238,947 
346,506 
746,268 


6,003,174 
1,444,933 
6,268,113 


3,672,329 
2, 192, 404 
3,826,352 
2,093,890 
1,693,330 


1,310,283 
1,912,297 
2,679,185 
190,983 
348,600 
1,062,656 
1,428,108 


168, 
1,042, 

230, 
1,655, 

762, 
1,617, 
1,151, 
1,837, 

391, 


1,858,635 
1,767,518 
1,513,401 
1,289,600 


1,128,211 
1,118,588 
•258,657 
2,235,527 


142,924 
88,548 
62,555 

413,249 

160,282 
88,243 

210, 779 
47,355 


357,232 

317,704 

1,213,398 


122,048 


32,052 
'89,990 


II 


VII 
II 
I 

in 

IV 

V 

VI 

IX 

VIII 


20 
10 
5 
42 

335 
26 
19 


45 
46 
48 
31 
44 
3  47 
41 
49 


1880 


Population.    Rank 


50,165,783 


4,010,529 
10,496,878 
11,206,608 
6,157,443 
7,597,197 
6,585,151 
3,334,220 
653, 119 
1,114,578 


648,936 
346,991 
332,286 
1,783,085 
276,531 
622,700 


5,082,871 
1,131,116 
4,282,891 


3,198,062 
1,978,301 
3,077,871 
1,636,937 
1,315,497 


780,773 
1,624,616 
2,168,380 

*  135, 177 

452,402 
996,096 


146, 
934, 
177, 

1,612, 
618, 

1,399, 
995, 

1,642, 
269, 


1,648,690 
1,642,359 
1,262,505 
1,131,597 


802,526 
939,946 


VI 

II 

I 

IV 

III 

V 

VII 

IX 

VIII 


1,691,749 


39, 159 
32,610 
20,789 
194,327 
119,565 
40,440 
143,963 
62,266 


75, 116 
174, 768 
864,694 


83,426 


Population.    Rank 


38,658,371 


3,487,924 
8,810,806 
9,124,517 
3,850,594 
5,853,610 
4, 404, 445 
2,029,905 
315, 385 
675, 125 


626,915 
318,300 
330,551 
1,467,351 
217,353 
637,454 


4,382,759 

906,096 

3,621,961 


2,666,260 
1,680,637 
2,539,891 
1,184,059 
1,054,670 


439,706 
1,194,020 
1,721,295 

n4,181 

122,993 
364,399 


125,016 
780,894 
131,700 

1,225,163 
442,014 

1,071,361 
706,606 

1, 184, 109 
187,748 


1,321,011 

1,268,520 

996,992 

827,922 


484. 471 
726,915 


VI 

II 

I 

V 

III 

IV 

VII 

IX 

VIII 


•33.426 


818,579 


20,596 
14,999 

9,118 
39,864 
91,874 

9,658 
86,786 
42,491 


23,956 

90,923 

660.247 


1S60 


Population.    Rank 


31,443,321 


3, 135, 283 
7,458,985 
6,926,884 
2,169,832 
5,364,703 
4,020,991 
1,747,667 
174,923 
444,053 


628,279 
326,073 
315,098 
1,231,066 
174,620 
460,147 


3,880,735 

672,035 

2,906,215 


2,339,511 

1,350,428 

1,711,951 

749, 113 

775,881 


172,023 

674,913 

1,182,012 

«4,837 

28,841 
107,206 


112,216 

687,049 

75,080 

1,696,318 


992,622 

703,708 

1,057,286 

140,424 


1,155,684 

1,109,801 

964,201 

791,305 


435,460 
708,002 


604,216 


34,277 
93,516 


40,273 
6,867 


11,594 
52,465 
379,994 


>  Includes  population  (325,464)  of  Indian  Territory  and  Indian  reservations 
specially  enumerated  In  1890,  but  not  Included  In  the  general  report  on  population 
In  1890. 

» Includes  persons  (6,100  la  1840  and  5,318  In  1830)  on  public  ships  In  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  not  credited  to  any  geographic  division  or  state. 

«  For  1890  the  rank  of  South  Dakota  advances  from  37  to  35  ar  d  that  of  Arizona 
from  48  to  47,  when  the  population  specially  enumerated  Is  Included;  and  that  of 


Oklahoma  advances  from  46  to  39,  when  the  population  of  Indian  Territory  and 
Indian  reservations  specially  enumerated  Is  Incluaed. 

*  Population  for  that  part  of  Dakota  territory  taken  to  form  North  Dakota:  1880, 
36,909;  1870,  2,405;  and  for  that  part  taken  to  form  South  Dakota:  1880,  98,268:  1870, 
11,776. 

'  Dakota  territory. 

•  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory:  1900, 392,060;  1890, 180,182. 


NUMBER  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  INHABITANTS. 

OUTLYING  POSSESSIONS,  WITH  RANK  ACCORDING  TO  POPULATION:  1790-1910. 


25 


1860 

1840 

18S0 

1820 

1810 

1800 

1790 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

Population. 

Rank. 

1 

28,191,876 



« 17,069,463 

>  12,866,020 

1 

9,638,463 

7,239,881 

6,808,483 

3,989,214 

2 
3 

2,728,116 
5,898,735 
4,523,260 

880,335 
4,679,090 
3,363,271 

940,251 
72,927 

105,891 

V 

I 

III 

VII 

II 

IV 

VI 

IX 

VIII 

2,234,822 
4,526,260 
2,924,728 

428,814 
3,925,299 
2,575,445 

449,985 

V 
I 
III 
VII 
II 
IV 
VI 

1,954,717 
3,587,664 
1,470,018 

140,455 
3,645,752 
1,815,969 

246,127 

III 
II 
V 

vu 
I 

IV 
VI 

1,660,071 
2,699,846 

792,719 

66,586 

3,061,063 

1,190,480 

167,680 

Ill 

II 

V 

VII 

I 

IV 
VI 

1,471,973 

2,014,702 

272,324 

19,783 

2,674,891 

708,590 

77,618 

Ill 
II 
V 

VII 

I 

IV 
VI 

1,233,011 

1,402,565 

61,006 

Ill 
II 
V 

1,009,408 
958,632 

II 

m 

5 

6 

7 

g 

2,286,494 
335,407 

I 
IV 

1,851,806 
109,368 

I 

IV 

q 

in 

11 

12 
13 
14 
16 
16 

17 
18 
19 

70 

683,169 
317,976 
314,120 
994,514 
147,545 
370,792 

3,097,394 

489,555 

2,311,786 

1,980,329 
988,416 
851,470 
397,654 
305,391 

6,077 
192,214 
682,044 

16 
22 
23 
6 
28 
21 

1 
19 
2 

3 

7 
11 
20 
24 

36 
27 
13 

501,793 
284,574 
291,948 
737,609 
108,830 
309,978 

2,428,921 

373,306 

1,724,033 

1,619,467 
685,866 
476, 183 
212,267 
30,945 

13 
22 
21 
8 
24 
20 

1 

18 
2 

3 

10 
14 
23 
30 

399,466 
209,328 
280,662 
610,408 
97,199 
297,675 

1,918,608 

320,823 

1,348,233 

937,903 
343,031 
157,446 
31,639 

12! 

18 ; 

17 

of  1 

23  j 
16  ' 

't! 

4 

13  i 
20 
27 

298,336 
244,161 
235,981 
623,287 
83,059 
276,248 

1,372,812 

277,676 

1,049,468 

681,434 

147,178 

66,211 

8,896 

12 

16 
16 
7 
20 
14 

1 

13 
3 

6 
18 
24 
27 

228,705 
214,460 
217,895 
472,040 
76,931 
261,942 

959,049 
245,562 
810,091 

230,760 

24,520 

12,282 

4,762 

14 
16 
15 

5 
17 

9 

2 
12 
3 

13 
21 
24 
25 

151,719 
183,858 
164,465 
422,845 
69,122 
261,002 

689,051 
211,149 
602,366 

46,366 
5,641 

14 
11 
13 

5 
16 

8 

3 

10 
2 

18 
21 

96,640 
141,885 

85,425 
378,787 

68,825 
237,946 

340,120 
184, 139 
434,373 

11 
10 

4 

16 

8 

5 
9 

a 

71 

?? 

73 

?4 



?"; 

w 

43,112 
383,702 

29 
16 

1 

?7 

140,465 

21 

66,686 

23 

19,783 

23 

fH 

?9 

* 

TO 

4 

31 

32 
33 
34 

91,532 

583,034 

51,687 

1,421,661 

30 
17 
33 
4 

78,085 

470,019 

43,712 

1,239,797 

26 
15 
28 

4 

76,748 

447,040 

39,834 

1,211,405 

24 
11 
26 
3 

72,749 

407,350 

33,039 

1,065,366 

22 

10 
26 
2 

72,674 
380,546 

24,023 
974,600 

19 
8 
22 

1 

64,273 
341,548 

14,093 
880,200 

17 

•       7 
19 

1 

59,096 
319,728 

16 
6 

35 
36 

747,610 

1 

37 
38 
39 
40 

869,039 
668,507 
906,185 
87,445 

982,405 

1,002,717 

771,623 

606,526 

209,897 
517,762 

10 

14 

9 

31 

8 

5 

12 

•    15 

26 
18 

753,419 
594,398 
691,392 
54,477 

779,828 
829,210 
590,756 
376,651 

97,574 
352,411 

7 
11 

9 
27 

6 
6 
12 
17 

26 
19 

737,987 
681,186 
516,823 
34,730 

687,917 
681,904 
309,527 
136,621 

30,388 
216,739 

5 
9 
10 
26 

6 

7 
15 
22 

28 
19 

638,829 
802,741 
340,989 

4 

8 
11 

666,500 
415,116 
262,433 

4 
6 
11 

478,103 
345,691 
162,686 

4 
6 
12 

393,761 
249,073 
82,648 

3 
7 
13 

41 
42 
43 

664,317 

422,823 

127,901 

75,448 

14,273 
153,407 

6 
9 
19 
21 

26 
17 

406,511 
261,727 

7 
10 

220,955 
105,602 

9 
15 

73,677 
35,691 

14 
17 

44 

40,352 

1,062 
76,556 

20 

26 

18 

8,850 

20 

41 

46 

47 

48 

212,592 

25 

40 

RO 

61 

52 

:::;;;:::::;:::':::::; 

63 

61,647 

32 

M 

55 

11,380 

36 

Sft 

57 

* 

58 

13,294 
92,597 

34 

29 

6<) 

60 

6T 

1 

69 

63 



64 

1 

I 

'  The  territory  of  Oklahoma  in  1900  ranked  38  and  Indian  Territory  39.    The 
rank  for  1900  includes  the  population  of  Indian  Territory  with  that  of  Oklahoma. 

•  Alaska  was  specially  enumerated  under  the  law,  but  the  population  was  not 
Included  in  the  general  report  on  population  in  1880. 

•  According  to  the  census  taken  as  of  Dec.  28,  1890,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Hawaiian  Government. 


10  According  to  the  census  of  Porto  Rico  taken  in  1899  under  the  direction  of  the 
War  Department. 

"  Persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States  (including 
civilian  employees,  etc.)  stationed  abroad,  not  credited  to  any  state  or  territory. 


26 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Apportionment  of  representation. — Table  6  gives  for 
1910  the  population  of  each  state,  exclusive  of  In- 
dians not  taxed,  who,  according  to  the  Constitution, 
are  not  to  be  included  in  the  population  forming  the 
basis  of  the  apportionment  of  representatives  among 
the  several  states.  The  population  of  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico  is  not  included  in  the  main  table  but  is 
added  as  an  appendix.  These  territories  had  not  yet 
become  states  when  the  apportionment  act  of  1911 
was  passed,  though  provision  for  their  representation 
was  made  in  the  act.  Now  that  they  have  been  ad- 
mitted as  states  the  total  apportionment  population 
of  the  states,  exclusive  of  Indians  not  taxed,  and  not 
counting  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  91,569,325. 

As  the  count  of  population  is  made  primarily  for 
the  purpose  of  fixing  the  membership  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  under  the  provisions  of  section 
2  of  Article  I  of  the  Constitution,  as  modified  by 
section  2  of  Article  XIV  of  the  Amendments,  a  state- 
ment is  given  in  Table  7  of  the  number  of  Representa- 
tives assigned  to  each  of  the  states  by  the  Constitution 
in  1789  and  by  the  several  apportionment  acts  from 
the  formation  of  the  Government  to  the  present  time. 
The  dates  of  the  apportionment  acts  and  the  ratio  of 


population  to  each  representative  under  said  acts  are 
also  given  on  page  27. 

The  membership  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
was  originally  fixed  at  65,  under  the  provisions  of 
section  2  of  Article  I  of  the  Constitution. 

The  apportionments  of  Representatives  in  Congress, 
under  the  first  six  censuses — 1790  to  1840,  inclusive — 
were  made  by  Congress,  each  by  a  separate  act. 

The  law  for  taking  the  census  of  1850  (act  of  May 
23,  1850,  9  Stat.  L.,  428),  which  was  intended  to  be 
permanent,  presented  a  rule  of  apportionment,  fixed 
the  number  of  members  of  the  House  at  233,  and 
directed  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  thereafter  to 
make  the  apportionment.  The  apportionment  under 
the  census  of  1860  was  also  made  under  this  law,  but 
Congress,  on  March  4,  1862,  fixed  the  total  number  of 
members  at  241,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
apportioned  the  new  quotas  to  the  states. 

The  apportionments  from  and  after  the  census  of 
1870  were  made  by  Congress,  each  by  a  separate  act; 
hence  it  may  be  assumed  that  the  power  conferred 
on  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  by  the  act  of  May 
23,  1850,  was  repealed  by  implication. 


POPULATION  FOR  APPORTIONMENT  PURPOSES:  1910. 


Table  6 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho '. 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine , 

Maryland 

Massachusetts... 
Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey 


Total 

population: 

1910 


2,138,093 
1,574,449 
2,377,549 
799,024 
1,114,756 

202,322 
752,619 

2,609,121 
325,594 

5,638,591 

2,700,876 
2,224,771 
1,690,949 
2,289,905 
1,656,388 

742,371 
1,295,346 
3,366,416 
2,810,173 

2,075,708 

1,797,114 

3,293,335 

376,053 

1,192,214 

81,875 

430,572 

2,537,167 


Indians 

not 
taxed: 
1910 


988 
452 


1,332 


9,715 


1,582 


Population 

basis  of 
apportion- 
ment. 


2,138,093 
1,574,449 
2,376,561 
798,572 
1,114,756 

202,322 
752,619 

2,609,121 
323,440 

5,638,591 

2,700,876 
2,224,771 
1,690,949 
2,289,905 
1,656,388 

742,371 
1,295,346 
3,366,416 
2,810,173 

2,074,376 

1,797,114 

3,293,335 

366,338 

1,192,214 

80,293 

430,572 

2,537,167 


New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total  for  46  states 

Arizona 

New  Mexico 

Total,  including  Arizona  and   New 

Mexico *. 

District  of  Columbia 

Total  for  the  United  States 


Total 

population: 

1910 


9,113,614 
2,206,287 
577,056 
4,767,121 
1,657,165 

672,765 
7,665,111 

542,610 
1,515,400 

583,888 

2,184,789 

3, 8%,  542 

373,351 

355,956 

2,061,612 

1,141,990 

1,221,119 

2,333,860 

145,965 


91,109,542 
204, 354 
327,301 


91,641,197 
331,069 


91,972,266 


Indians 

not 
taxed: 

1910 


4,680 
"2,653' 


8,212 


1,487 


1,856 


1,007 
1,307 


37, 425 
24,129 
10,318 


71,872 


Population 

basis  of 
apportion- 
ment. 


9,108,934 
2,206,287 
574, 403 
4,767,121 
1,657,155 

672,765 
7,665,111 

542,610 
1,515,400 

575,676 

2,184,789 

3,896,542 

371,864 

355,956 

2,061,613 

1,140,134 

1,221,119 

2,332,853 

144,658 


91,072,117 
180,225 
316,983 


91,569,325 


NUMBER  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  INHABITANTS.  27 

NUMBER  OF  MEMBERS  IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  UNDER  EACH  APPORTIONMENT:  1789-1910. 


Table  7                       g^^TE. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 « 

1860* 

1850  > 

• 

1840 

1880 

1820 

1810 

1800 

1790 

1789 

Total  ander  apportionment  act 

435 

38e 
6 

356 
/ 

325 
7 

298 

1 

241 

g 

234 

S 

223 

6 

240 

213 

181 
6 

141 
1 

105 

65 

Assigned  to  new  states  after  apportionment 
act 

10 
»1 

7 
11 

4 

5 
1 
4 
12 
2 

27 
13 
11 
8 
11 

8 
4 
6 
16 
13 

10 
8 

16 
2 
6 

1 

2 

12 

il 

43 

10 
3 

22 
8 
3 

36 
3 
7 
3 

10 

18 
2 
2 

10 

5 
6 
11 

1 

9 

9 

8 

8 

6 

7 

7 

5 

3 

41 

7 
8 
3 

5 
1 
3 
11 

1 

25 
13 
11 
8 
11 

7 

4 
6 
14 
12 

9 
8 
16 

1 
6 

1 
2 
10 

6 

7 
2 

4 
1 
2 
11 
1 

22 
13 
11 
8 
11 

6 
4 
6 
13 
12 

7 
7 
15 

1 
6 

1 
2 
8 

5 
6 
1 

4 

1 

2 

10 

«1 

20 
13 
11 
7 
11 

6 
4 

6 
12 
11 

5 
7 
14 
♦1 
3 

1 
2 

7 

4 

4 

*1 

4 

1 
2 
9 

3 
3 

2 
2 

1 
<2 

41 

4 
1 
1 
7 

4 
1 
1 
8 

4 

1 

41 

8 

6 
1 

6 
1 

7 
2 

7 
1 

7 

1 

5 

1 

Florida      . .            

9 

7 

6 

4 

2 

3 

Illinois          

19 
13 
9 
3 
10 

6 
5 
6 
11 
9 

3 
6 
13 

14 
11 
6 

1 
9 

5 
5 
5 
10 
6 

2 
5 
9 

9 
11 
2 

7 
10 

42 

3 

7 

1 
3 

41 
41 

Kentucky 

10 

4 
6 
6 
11 
4 

«2 
5 

7 

10 

4 

7 
6 
10 
3 

13 

3 

8 
8 
12 

41 

12 

3 

7 
9 
13 

10 

41 

•7 
9 
13 

6 

2 

Maryland 

9 
17 

8 
14 

6 

Massachosetta 

8 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

4 

5 

2 
2 

1 
1 

41 

Nebraska 

1 

1 
3 
7 

«1 

«1 
3 

5 

Nevada 

3 
5 

4 
5 

S 
6 

6 
6 

6 
6 

5 
6 

4 
5 

3 

4 

New  Mexico .«. 

New  York 

37 

10 
2 
21 
«5 
2 

32 
2 
7 
2 

10 

16 
1 
2 

10 

3 

5 
11 

1 

34 

9 

1 

21 

34 

9 
«1 
21 

33 

8 

31 

7 

33 

8 

34 
9 

40 
13 

34 
13 

27 
13 

17 

12 

10 
10 

6 

North  Carolina 

5 

Ohio 

20 

19 

21 

21 

19 

14 

6 

41 

Oregon 

2 

30 
2 

7 
2 
10 

13 

«1 

2 

10 

2 
4 
10 

1 

1 

28 
2 
7 

42 

10 
11 

1 

27 
2 
6 

1 

24 
2 

4 

«1 

25 
2 
6 

Pennsylvania 

24 
2 

7 

28 
2 
9 

26 
2 
9 

23 
2 
9 

18 
2 
8 

13 
2 
6 

8 

1 

South  Carolina 

5 

South  Dakota 

10 

6 

8 
4 

10 
2 

11 

42 

13 

9 

6 

3 

41 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

2 
10 

«1 
4 
9 

M 

3 
9 

3 
11 

3 
13 

4 
15 

5 
21 

5 
22 

6 
23 

4 
22 

2 
19 

10 

Westyfrginia 

3 

8 

6 

3 

42 

Wyoming 

>  Membership  originally  fixed  at  283,  but  increased  by  act  of  May  30, 1872,  to  292 
(17  Stat.  L.,  192). 

«  Membership  increased  from  233  to  241  by  act  of  Mar.  4, 1862  (12  Stat.  L.,353). 
'  Membership  increased  from  233  to  234  by  act  of  July  30, 1852  (10  Stat.  L.,  25). 


4  As5rfgned  after  apportionment. 

» Included  in  apportionment  act  In  anticipation  of  becoming  a  state. 
4  Included  in  the  20  members  originally  assigned  to  Massachusetts,  but  credited 
to  Maine,  after  its  admission  as  a  state.  Mar.  15, 1820  (3  Stat.  L.,  655). 


DATES  OF  APPORTIONMENT  ACTS  AND  RATIO  OF  POPULATION  TO  EACH  REPRESENTATIVE. 


CENSUS. 

Date  of  apportionment  act. 

RaUo. 

CENSUS. 

Date  of  apportionment  act. 

Ratio. 

1910 

Aug.  8, 1911  (37  Stat.  L.,  13) 

211,877 
194,182 
173,901 
151,911 
131,425 
127,381 
93,423 

1840 

June  25, 1842  (5  Stat.  L.,  491) 

70,680 

1900 

Jan.  16, 1901  (31  Stat.  L.,  733) 

1830 

May  22, 1832  (4  Stat.  L.,  516) 

47,700 
40,000 

1890 

Feb.  7, 1891  (26  Stat.  L.,  735) 

1820 

Mar.  7, 1822  (3  Stat.  L.,  651) 

1880 

Feb.  25, 1882  (22  Stat.  L.,  5) 

1810 

Dec.  21, 1811  (2  Stat.  L.,  669). . 

35,000 

1870 

Feb.  2,  1872  (17  Stat.  L.,  28) 

1800 

Jan.  14, 1802  (2  Stat.  L.,  128) 

33,000 

1860 

May  23,  1850  (9  Stat.  L.,  428-432) 

1790 

Apr.  14,  1792  (1  Stat.  L.,  253) 

33,000 

1850 

MftyM,  1».Vl(9.C!t^t    T.     4?»~^^'>} 

Constitution,  1789 

30,000 

28 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  DENSITY  OF  POPITIATION. 


Area. — ^At  the  First  Census,  in  1790,  the  United 
States  comprised  substantially  the  territory  between 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Mississippi  River  except 
Florida,  representing  a  gross  area  (land  and  water  sur- 
face) of  892,135  square  miles.  The  United  States, 
with  its  outlying  possessions,  now  comprises  a  gross 
area  of  3,743,306  square  miles,  or  more  than  four 
times  the  area  in  1790.  The  successive  accessions  of 
territory  were  as  follows: 


Table  8 

ACCESSION. 


United  States 

Area  ofU.S.  in  17901 

Louisiana  Purchase,  1803 .. 

Florida,  1819 

Territory  gained  through 
Treaty  with  Spain,  1819 . 

Texas,  1845 

Oregon,  1846 

Mexican  Cession,  1848 

Gadsden  Purchase,  1853 . . . 


Gross  area 

In  square 

miles. 


3,026,789 


892, 135 
827, 987 
58,666 

13,435 
389, 166 
286,541 
629, 189 

29,670 


ACCESSION. 


Oatlying  possesdons 

Alaska,  1867 

Hawaii,  1898 

Philippine  Islands,  1899... 

Porto  Rico,  1899 

Guam,  1899 

Samoa,  1900 

Panama  Canal  Zone,  1904. 


Gross  area 

in  square 

miles. 


716,617 


590,884 

6,449 

115,026 

3,435 

210 

77 

436 


1  Includes  the  drainage  basin  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  not  a  part  of  any 
acquisition,  but  previously  considered  a  part  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase. 

The  area  in  1910,  by  states,  was  as  follows: 


Table  9 


United  States. 


Texas 

California 

Montana 

New  Mexico. 
Arizona 

Nevada 

Colorado 

Wyoming... 

Oregon 

UtSi 


Minnesota 

Idaho 

Kansas 

South  Dakota.. 
Nebraska 

North  Dakota.. 

Oklahoma 

Missouri 

Washington 

Georgia 

Florida 

Michigan 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

Arkansas 

North  Carolina. 

Alabama 

New  York 

Louisiana 

Mississippi 

Pennsylvania.. 

Virginia 

Tennessee 

Ohio 


Kentucky 

Indiana 

Maine , 

South  Carolina 

West  Virginia 

Maryland 

Vermont 

New  Hampshire 

Massachusetts 

New  Jersey 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Rhode  Island 

District  of  Columbia . 


Rank 


AREA  IN  SQUAEE  MILES. 


Gross. 


3,026,789 

265,896 
158,297 
146,997 
122,634 
113,956 

110, 690 
103,948 
97,914 
96,699 
84,990 

84,682 
83,888 
82, 158 
77,615 
77,520 

70,837 
70,057 
69,420 
69, 127 
59,265 

58,666 
57, 980 
56,605 
56, 147 
56,066 

53,335 
52,426 
51,998 
49, 204 
48,506 

46,865 
45,126 
42,627 
42,022 
41,040 

40,598 
36,354 
33,040 
30,989 
24, 170 

12, 327 
9,564 
9,341 
8,266 
8,224 

4,965 

2,370 

1,248 

70 


Land.       Water. » 


2,973,890 

262,398 
155,652 
146,201 
122,503 
113, 810 

109,821 
103,658 
97,594 
95,607 
82,184 

80,858 
83,354 

81, 774 
76,868 
76,808 

70,183 
69, 414 
68,727 
66,836 
58,725 

54,861 
57,480 
56,043 
55,586 
55,256 

52,525 
48, 740 
51,279 
47,654 
45,409 

46,362 
44,832 
40,262 
41,687 
40,740 

40,181 
36,045 
29,895 
30,495 
24,022 

9,941 
9,124 
9,031 
8,039 
7,514 

4,820 

1,965 

1,067 

60 


62,899 

3,498 

2,645 

796 

131 

146 

869 

290 

320 

1,092 

2,806 

3,824 
534 
384 
747 
712 

654 
643- 
693 
2,291 
540 

3,805 
500 
622 
561 
810 

810 
3,686 

719 
1,550 
3,097 

503 
294 
2,365 
335 
300 

417 
309 

3,145 
494 
148 

2,386 
440 
310 
227 
710 

145 

405 

181 

10 


1  Does  not  include  the  water  surface  of  the  oceans,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  the 
Great  Lakes,  lying  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States. 


Population  per  square  mile. — Table  10  shows,  for  the 
United  States,  the  total  population,  land  area  in  square 
miles,  and  population  per  square  mile  of  land  area,  at 
each  census  since  1790. 


Table  ID 

CENSUS  YEAR. 

Population  of 

the 
United  States. 

Land  area 

in  square 

miles. 

Popula- 
tion per 
square 
mile. 

1910 

91,972,266 
75,994,575 
62,947,714 
50,155,783 
38,558,371 
31,443,321 
23,191,876 
17,069,453 
12,866,020 
9,638,453 
7,239,881 
5,308,483 
3,929,214 

2,973,890 
2,974,159 
2,973,965 
2,973,965 
2,973,965 
2,973,965 
2,944,337 
1,753,588 
1,753,588 
1,753,588 
1,685,865 
867,980 
867,980 

30  9 

1900 

1890 

21  2 

1880 

16  9 

1870 

1860 

10  6 

1850 

7  9 

1840 

9  7 

1830 

7  3 

1820 

5  5 

1810 

4  3 

1800 

6  1 

1790 

4  5 

According  to  the  census  of  1910,  there  were  in  the 
United  States,  on  the  average,  30.9  inhabitants  to  each 
square  mile  of  land  area,  or  nearly  seven  times  the 
number  per  square  mile  shown  for  the  much  smaller 
area  of  1790,  and  nearly  three  times  the  number 
shown  for  1860.  The  decrease  in  the  average  number 
of  inhabitants  per  square  mile  at  the  censuses  of  1810 
and  1850  was  due  in  each  case  to  large  accessions  of 
thinly  populated  territory  during  the  preceding  decade. 

The  relative  density  of  population  of  each  state  of 
the  United  States  in  1910  is  exhibited  by  the  map  on 
the  opposite  page,  while  Table  1 1  shows,  for  each  geo- 
graphic division  and  state,  the  population  and  land 
area  in  1910  and  the  population  per  square  mile  at 
each  of  the  last  three  censuses. 

In  the  order  of  density  of  population  the  geographic 
divisions  ranked  as  follows  in  1910:  Middle  Atlantic, 
193.2  inhabitants  per  square  mile;  New  England,  105.7; 
East  North  Central,  74.3;  East  South  Central,  46.8; 
South  Atlantic,  45.3;  West  North  Central,  22.8;  West 
South  Central,  20.4;  Pacific,  13.2;  Mountain,  3.1. 

Aside  from  the  District  of  Columbia  there  were  10 
states  in  which  there  was  in  1910  a  population  per 
square  mile  of  more  than  100.  These  states,  in  the 
order  of  density  of  population,  are  as  follows :  Rhode 
Island,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  Connecticut,  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Ohio,  Delaware,  and 
IlUnois. 

There  were  16  states  which  had,  on  the  average,  less 
than  18  inhabitants  to  the  square  mile.  Eight  of  these 
states  are  in  the  Mountain  division  (comprising  its 
entire  area),  3  in  the  Pacific  division  (comprising  its 
entire  area),  3  in  the  West  North  Central  division,  1  in 
the  West  South  Central  division,  and  1  in  the  South 
Atlantic  division. 

Among  the  outlying  possessions  Alaska  had  an  aver- 
age density  of  only  0.1  per  square  mile;  Hawaii,  29.8, 
about  that  of  Arkansas;  and  Porto  Rico,  325.5,  or 
greater  than  that  of  any  state  of  the  United  States 
except  Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Jersey. 


AREA  AND  DENSITY. 

POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE,  BY  STATES:  1910. 


29 


POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890. 


Table  1 1 

DIVISION  AKD  STATE. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic... 
East  North  Central 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire... . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


Population: 
1»10 


91,972,268 


742,371 
430,572 
355,956 

3,366,416 
542,610 

1,114,756 


9,113,614 
2,637,167 
7,665,111 


4,767,121 
2,700,876 
5,638,501 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 


2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
577,056 
583,888 
1,192,214 
1,690,949 


Land  area 

In  square 

miles: 

1»10 


2,978,890 


61,976 
100,000 
245,564 
510,804 
269,071 
179,509 
429,746 
850,125 
318,095 


29,895 
9,031 
9,124 
8,039 
1,067 
4,820 


47,654 
7,514 
44,832 


40,740 
36,045 
56,043 
57,480 
55,256 


55,586 
68,727 
70,183 
76,868 
76,808 
81,774 


POPULATION  FEB  SQUAB! 
MILX. 


1910 


80.9 


105.7 
193.2 
74.3 
22.8 
45.3 
46.8 
20.4 
3.1 
13.2 


24.8 
47.7 
39.0 
418.8 
508.5 
231.3 


191.2 
337.7 
171.0 


117.0 
74.9 

100.6 
48.9 
42.2 


25.7 
40.0 
47.9 
8.2 
7.6 
15.5 
20.7 


1900        1S90 


M.6 


90.2 
154.5 
65.2 
20.3 
38.8 
42.0 
15.2 
1.9 
7.6 


23.2 
45.6 
37.7 
349.0 
401.6 
188.5 


152.5 
250.7 
140.6 


102.1 
70.1 
86.1 
42.1 
37.4 


21.7 
40.2 
45.2 
4.5 
6.2 
13.9 
18.0 


S1.S 


75.8 

127.1 

54.9 

17.6 

32.9 

35.8 

11.0 

1.4 

5.9 


22.1 
41.7 
36.4 
278.5 
323.8 
154.8 


126.0 
192.3 
117.3 


90.1 
61.1 
68.3 
36.4 
30.6 


16.2 
34.4 
39.0 
2.7 
4.5 
13.8 
17.5 


DIVISION  AND  state. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia, 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina ...... 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centbal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahomai 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacipic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

CaliJomia 


Population: 
1910 


202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2,206,287 
1,515,400 
2,609,121 

752,619 


2,289,905 
2,184,789 
2,138,093 
1,797,114 


1,574,449 
1,656,388 
1,657,155 
3,896,542 


376,053 
325,594 
145,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81,875 


1,141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 


Land  area 
in  square 

mUes: 

1910 


1,965 
9,941 
60 
40,262 
24,022 
48,740 
30,495 
58,725 
54,861 


40,181 
41,687 
51,279 
46,362 


52,525 
45,409 
69,414 
262,398 


146,201 
83,354 
97,. 594 
103,658 
122,503 
113,810 
82,184 
109,821 


66,836 
95,607 
155,652 


POPULATION  PEE  SQUABE 
UILE. 


1910 


103.0 
130.3 
5,517.8 
51.2 
60.8 
45.3 
49.7 
44.4 
13.7 


57.0 
52.4 
41.7 
38.8 


30.0 
36.5 
23.9 
14.8 


2.0 
3.9 
1.5 
7.7 
2.7 
1.8 
4.5 
0.7 


17.1 
7.0 
15.3 


1900        1890 


94.0 

119.5 

4,645.3 

46.1 

39.9 

38.9 

44.0 

37.7 

9.6 


53.4 
48.5 
35.7 
33.6 


25.0 
30.4 
11.4 
11.6 


1.7 
1.9 
0.9 
5.2 
1.6 
1.1 
3.4 
0.4 


7.8 
4.3 
9.6 


85.7 
104.9 
3,972.3 
41.1 
31.8 
33.2 
37.7 
31.3 
7.1 


46.3 
42.4 
29.5 
27.8 


21.5 
24.6 
3.7 
8.5 


1.0 
1.1 
0.6 
4.0 
1.3 
0.8 
2.6 
0.4 


5.3 
3.3 
7.8 


"  Includes  Indian  Territory  for  1890  and  1900. 


30 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


CENTER  OF  P0PT7IATI0N. 


On  the  basis  of  the  Thirteenth  Census  returns  the 
center  of  population  and  the  median  point  for  the 
United  States  have  been  determined  for  April  15, 
1910.  In  these  calculations  no  account  is  taken  of 
the  territory  and  population  of  Alaska  and  of  other 
outlying  possessions. 

The  center  is  often  understood  to  be  the  point  of  in- 
tersection of  a  north  and  south  Une  which  divides  the 
population  equally,  with  an  east  and  west  Une  which 
likewise  divides  it  equally.  This  point  of  intersection 
is,  in  a  certain  sense,  a  center  of  population;  it  is  here, 
however,  designated  the  median  point  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  point  technically  defined  as  the  center. 

The  character  of  these  two  points  may  be  made 
clear  through  a  physical  analogy.  The  center  of 
population  may  be  said  to  represent  the  center  of 
gravity  of  the  population.  If  the  surface  of  the  United 
States  be  considered  as  a  rigid  plane  without  weight, 
capable  of  sustaining  the  population  distributed 
thereon,  individuals  being  assumed  to  be  of  equal 
weight,  and  each,  therefore,  to  exert  a  pressure  on  any 
supporting  pivotal  point  directly  proportional  to  his 
distance  from  the  point,  the  pivotal  point  on  which 
the  plane  balances  would,  of  course,  be  its  center  of 
gravity ;  and  this  is  the  point  referred  to  by  the  term 
"center  of  population,"  as  used  in  this  chapter.  In 
determining  the  median  point  distance  is  not  taken 
into  account,  and  the  location  of  the  units  of  popu- 
lation is  considered  only  in  relation  to  the  intersecting 


median  lines — as  being  north  or  south  of  the  median 
parallel  and  east  or  west  of  the  median  meridian. 
Extensive  changes  in  the  geographic  distribution  of 
the  population  may  take  place  without  affecting  the 
median  point,  whereas  the  center  of  population  re- 
sponds to  the  slightest  population  change  in  any  sec- 
tion of  the  country. 

At  the  Thirteenth  Census  the  center  of  population 
was  in  the  following  position: 

Latitude 39°  10'  W  N. 

Longitude 86°  32''  20^'  W. 

This  point  is  in  southern  Indiana,  in  the  western 
part  of  Bloomington  city,  Monroe  County. 

During  the  last  decade,  1900  to  1910,  the  center  of 
population  moved  west  43'  26'',  approximately  39 
miles,  while  its  northward  movement  was  only  36",  or 
approximately  seven-tenths  of  a  mile.  The  westward 
movement  from  1900  to  1910  was  nearly  three  times 
as  great  as  that  from  1890  to  1900,  but  was  less  than 
that  for  any  decade  between  1840  and  1890. 

The  closeness  with  which  the  center  of  population 
throughout  its  westward  movement  has  clung  to  the 
thirty-ninth  parallel  of  latitude  is  remarkable.  The 
total  westward  movement  since  1790  is  557  miles. 

The  following  table  and  the  map  on  the  opposite 
page  show  the  location  of  the  center  of  population 
and  its  proximity  to  important  towns  at  each  suc- 
cessive Federal  census,  and  its  westward  advance 
during  each  decade  since  1790: 


Table  12 

CENST7S  TBAB. 


1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 
1850 
1860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 
1910 


LOCATION. 


North  latitude. 


39  16  30 

39  16  6 

39  11  30 

39  6  42 

38  57  54 

39  2  0 

38  59  0 

39  0  24 


39  12  0 

39  4  8 

39  11  56 

39  9  36 

39  10  12 


West  longitude. 


76  11  12 

76  56  30 

77  37  12 

78  33  0 

79  16  54 

80  18  0 

81  19  0 

82  48  48 

83  35  42 

84  39  40 

85  32  53 

85  48  54 

86  32  20 


AFPBOXIHATE  LOCATION  BT  lUPOBTAKT  TOWNS. 


23  miles  east  of  Baltimore,  Md , 

18  miles  west  of  Baltimore,  Md 

40  miles  northwest  by  west  of  Washington,  D.  C, 
16  miles  north  of  Woodstock,  Va , 

19  miles  west-southwest  of  Moorefield,  W.  Va 

16  miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va 

23  miles  southeast  of  Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

20  miles  south  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio 

48  miles  east  by  north  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

8  miles  west  by  south  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

20  miles  east  of  Columbus,  Ind 

6  miles  southeast  of  Columbus,  Ind 

In  the  city  of  Bloomington,  Ind 


MOVEMENT  IN  MILES  DtTEING  PEECEDINQ  DECADE. 


From  point 
to  point  in 
direct  line. 


40.6 
36.9 
50.5 
40.4 
55.0 
54.8 
80.6 
44.1 
58.1 
48.6 
14.6 
39.0 


Westward. 


40.6 
36.5 
50.1 
39.4 
54.8 
54.7 
80.6 
42.1 
57.4 
47.7 
14.4 
38.9 


Northward. 


Southward. 


0.5 

5.3 

6.7 

9.0 

4.7 

3.5 

L6 

13.3 

9.1 

9.0 

2.8 

0.8 

In  connection  with  the  location  of  the  center  of 
population  of  the  United  States  it  is  of  interest  to 
note  also  the  position  of  what  may  be  termed  the 
center  of  area — that  is,  the  point  on  which  the  sur- 
face of  the  United  States  would  balance  if  it  were  a 
plane  of  uniform  weight  per  unit  of  area.  This  point 
is  located  in  northern  Kansas,  10  miles  north  of  Smith 
Center,  the  county  seat  of  Smith  County,  approximate 
latitude  39°  55',  longitude  98°  50',  and  is  therefore 
about  three-fourths  of  a  degree  (51  miles)  north  and 


12i  degrees  (657  miles)  west  of  the  center  of  popu- 
lation. This  would  be  the  center  of  population  if  the 
population  were  distributed  evenly  over  the  territory 
of  the  United  States. 

In  1910  the  median  point  was  located  at  latitude 
40°  6'  24"  north  and  longitude  84°  59'  59"  west,  prac- 
tically the  eighty-fifth  meridian.  Its  location,  there- 
fore, was  3  J  miles  south  of  Winchester,  Randolph 
County,  Ind.;  its  westward  movement  during  the  dec- 
ade was  7.5  miles,  its  northward  movement  2.3  miles. 


82 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


Tables  13  and  14  show  the  area  and  population 
in  1910  of  each  county  or  equivalent  subdivision  of 
the  United  States,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico; 
also  the*  population  in  1900  and   1890,  except   for 


such  counties  as  were  organized  subsequent  to  these 
censuses.  Notes  immediately  following  the  tables 
indicate  changes  in  counties  which  afifect  the  com- 
parability of  the  figures. 


{Text  continued  on  page  54-) 

AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES: 

1910,  1900,  AND  1890. 

[In  computing  the  increase  from  1890  to  1900  for  certain  counties  the  population  of  Indian  reservations  in  1900  has  been  deducted  from  the  total  population  of  the  county, 
in  order  to  make  that  total  comparable  with  the  total  for  1890,  which  does  not  include  the  population  of  Indian  reservations.] 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Taltle  13 

COUNTY. 


ALABAMA. 


Autauga. 
Baldwin. 
Barbour. 

Bibb 

Blount*.. 


Bullock... 

Butler 

Calhoun ». 
Chambers. 
Cherokee. . 


Chilton... 
Choctaw.. 

Clarke 

Clays 

Cleburne'. 


Coffee 

Colbert'... 
Conecuh.., 

Coosa 

Covington. 

Crenshaw. 
Cullman*.. 

Dale' 

Dallas 

Dekalb 


Elmore... 
Escambia. 
Etowah... 
Fayette... 
Franklin'. 


Geneva' 

Greene 

Hale 

Henry' 

Houston' 

Jackson 

Jefferson' 

Lamar 

Lauderdale.. 

Lawrence'... 

Lee 

Limestone... 
Lowndes 

Macon 

Madison 

Marengo 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mobile 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

M(»rgan 

Perry 

Pickens 

Pike 

Randolph — 

Russell 

St.  Clair 

Shelby 

Sumter 

Talladega'... 
Tallapoosa... 
Tuscaloosa... 

Walker' 

Washington.. 

Wilcox 

Winston 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


61,279 


584 
1,595 
912 
634 
649 

610 
763 
630 
588 
677 

729 

932 

1,216 

614 


678 
618 
849 
655 
1,042 

618 

763 
563 
957 
786 

622 
957 
542 
643 
647 

678 
635 
646 
660 

579 

1,140 

1,135 

601 

694 

700 
632 
696 
739 

614 
811 
966 
743 

602 
1,226 
1,012 

801 

587 
737 
875 
671 

690 
656 
645 
806 

908 

755 

763 

1,346 

777 

1,087 

896 

630 


POPXTLATION. 


1910 


2,138,093 


20,038 
18,178 
32,728 
22,791 
21,456 

30,196 
29,030 
39,115 
36,056 
20,226 

23,187 
18,483 
30,987 
21,006 
13,385 

26,119 
24,802 
21,433 
16,634 
32, 124 

23,313 

28,321 
21,608 
53,401 
28,261 

28,245 
18,889 
39,109 
16,248 
19,369 

26,230 
22,717 
27,883 
20,943 

32,414 
32,918 
226, 476 
17,487 
30,936 

21,984 
32,867 
26,880 
31,894 

26,049 
47,041 
39,923 
17,495 

28,553 
80,854 
27,155 
82,178 

33,781 
31,222 
25,055 
30,815 

24,659 
25,937 
20,715 
26,949 

28,699 
37,921 
31,034 
47,559 

37,013 
14,454 
33,810 
12,855 


1900 


1,828,697 


11,613,401 


17,915 
13, 194 
35,152 
18,498 
23,119 

31,944 
25,761 
34,874 
32,554 
21,096 

16,522 
18, 136 
27,790 
17,099 
13,206 

20,972 
22,341 
17,514 
16,144 
15,346 

19,668 
17,849 
21,189 
54,657 
23,558 

26,099 
11,320 
27,361 
14,132 
16,511 

19,096 
24, 182 
31,011 
36,147 


30,508 

140,420 

16,084 

26,559 

20,124 
31,826 
22,387 
35,651 

23,126 
43,702 
38,315 
14,494 

23,289 
62,740 
23,666 
72,047 

28,820 
31,783 
24,402 
29,172 

21,647 
27,083 
19,425 
23,684 

32,710 
35, 773 
29,675 
36,147 

25,162 
11,134 
35,631 
9,554 


1890 


13,330 
8,941 
34,898 
13,824 
21,927 

27,063 
21,641 
33,835 
26,319 
20,459 

14,549 
17,526 
22,624 
15,765 
13,218 

12,170 
20,189 
14,594 
15,906 
7,536 

15,425 
13,439 
17,225 
49,350 
21,106 

21,732 
8,666 
21,926 
12,823 
10,681 

10,690 
22,007 
27,501 
24,847 


28,026 
88,501 
14, 187 
23, 739 

20,725 
28,694 
21,201 
31,550 

18,439 
38,119 
33,095 
11,347 

18,935 
51,587 
18,990 
56,172 

24,089 
29,332 
22,470 
24,423 

17,219 
24,093 
17,353 
20,886 

29,574 
29,346 
25,460 
30,352 

16,078 
7,935 

30,816 
6,552 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


16.9 


11.9 
37.8 


23.2 

-7.2 


-5.5 

18.0 

12.7 

19.0 

12.2 

3.1 

10.8 

23.7 

-4.1 

3.1 

40.3 
1.9 
11.5 

22.8 
L4 

24.5 
11.0 
22.4 
3.0 
109.3 

18.5 
58.7 
2.0 
-2.3 
20.0 

8.2 
66.9 
42.9 
15.0 
17.3 

37.4 
-6.1 
-10.1 
-42.1 


7.9 
61.3 

8.7 
16.5 

9.2 

3.3 

20.1 

-10.5 

12.6 
7.6 
4.2 

20.7 

22.6 
28.9 
14.7 
14.1 

17.2 

-1.8 

2.7 

5.6 

13.9 

-4.2 

6.6 

13.8 

-12.3 
6.0 
4.6 
31.6 
47.1 
29.8 
-5.1 
34.6 


1890- 
1900 


20.8 


34.4 
47.6 

0.7 
33.8 

5.4 


13.6 
3.5 

22.8 

8.5 

-0.1 

72.3 
10.7 
20.0 
1.5 
103.6 

27.5 
32.8 
23.0 
10.8 
11.6 

20.1 
30.6 
24.8 
10.2 
54.6 

78.6 
9.9 
12.8 
45.5 


8.9 
58.7 
13.4 
11.9 

-2.9 

10.9 

5.6 

■13.0 

25.4 
14.6 
15.8 

27.7 

23.0 
21.6 
24.6 
28.3 

19.6 
8.4 
8.6 

19.4 

25.7 
12.4 
11.9 
13.4 

10.6 
21.9 
16.6 
19.1 

56.5 
40.3 
15.6 
45.8 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


AKIZOKA. 


Apache' 

Cochise 

Coconino' .. 

Gila 

Graham 

Maricopa 

Mohave 

Navajo' 

Pima' 

Phial 

Santa  Cruz'. 
Yavapai'... 
Yuma 


ARKANSAS. 


Arkansas. 

Ashley 

Baxter. . . 
Benton... 
Boone 


Bradley 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Chicot 

Clark 

Clav' 

Cleburne. . . 
Cleveland . . 
Columbia'. 
Conway 

Craighead.. 
Crawford'.. 
Crittenden. 

Cross 

Dallas 

Desha 

Drew 

Faulkner... 
Franklin'.. 
Fulton 


Garland 

Grant 

Greene ' 

Hempstead 

Hot  Spring 

Howard ' 

Independence. 

Izard 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Lafayette' 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Little  River... 

Logan' 

Lonoke 

Madison 

Marlon 

Miller 

Mississippi'... 

Monroe 

Montgomery. . 
Nevada 

Newton 

Ouachita 

Perry 

Phillips 

Pike 


113,810 


11,379 
6,170 

18,238 
4,683 
6,508 

8,891 
13,390 
10,300 

9,605 

6,380 
1,229 
8,150 
9,987 

62,625 


1,000 
940 
586 
876 
608 

659 
629 
641 
607 
882 

654 
696 
603 
785 
563 

687 
693 
682 
619 
679 

747 
847 
651 
606 
625 

631 
637 
661 
727 
613 

602 
762 
683 
634 
903 

675 
625 
592 
601 
671 

546 

726 
794 
836 
646 

623 
792 
603 
891 
620 

846 
733 
652 
692 
601 


POPULATION. 


1910 


204,364 

9,196 
34,591 

8,130 
16,348 
23,999 

34,488 
3,773 
11,471 
22,818 

9,045 
6,766 
15,996 
7,733 

1,674,449 


16, 103 
25,268 
10,389 
33,389 
14,318 

14,518 
9,894 
16,829 
21,987 
23,686 

23.690 
11,903 
13,481 
23,820 
22,729 

27,627 
23,942 
22,447 
14,042 
12,621 

15,274 
21,960 
23,708 
20,638 
12, 193 

27,271 
9,425 
23,852 
28,285 
15,022 

16,898 

24,776 
14,561 
23,501 
52,734 

19,698 
13,741 
20,001 
24,252 
15, 118 

13,597 
26,350 
27,983 
16,056 
10,203 

19,555 
30,468 
19,907 
12,455 
19,344 

10,612 
21,774 
9,402 
33,535 
12,565 


1900 


3122,931 

8,297 
9,251 
5,514 
4,973 
14, 162 

20,457 
3,426 
8,829 

14,689 

7,779 
4,545 
13,799 
4,145 

1,311,664 


1890 


8,685 
2,671 

•1,128,211 


12,973 
19,734 
9,298 
31,611 
16,396 

9,651 
8,539 
18,848 
14,528 
21,289 

15,886 
9,628 
11,620 
22,077 

19. 772 
19,505 
21,270 
14,529 
11,051 
11,518 

11,511 
19,451 
20,780 
17,395 
12,917 

18. 773 
7,671 

16,979 
24,101 
12,748 

14,076 
22,557 
13,506 
18,383 
40,972 

17,448 
10,594 
16,491 
19,409 
13,389 

13,731 
20,563 
22,544 
19,864 
11,377 

17,558 
16,384 
16,816 
9,444 
16,609 

12,538 
20,892 
7,294 
26,561 
10,301 


4  88,243 

4,281 
6,938 


2,021 
5,670 

10,986 
1,444 


12,673 
4,251 


11,432 
13,295 
8,527 
27,716 
15,816 

7,972 
7,267 
17,288 
11,419 
20,997 

12,200 
7,884 
11,362 
19,893 
19,459 
12,025 
21,714 
13,940 
7,693 
9,296 

10,324 
17,352 
18,342 
19,934 
10,984 

15,328 
7,786 
12,908 
22,796 
11,603 

13,789 
21,961 
13,038 
15,179 
40,881 

16,758 
7,700 
12,984 
18,886 
10,255 

8,903 
20,774 
19,263 
17,402 
10,390 

14,714 
11,635 
15,336 
7,923 
14,832 

9,950 
17,033 

5,538 
25,341 

8,537 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


66.2 

10.8 
273.9 

47.4 
228.7 

69.5 

68.6 
10.1 
29.9 
55.3 

16.3 
4a9 
15.9 
86.6 

20.0 


24.1 

28.0 

11.7 

5.6 

-12.7 

50.4 
15.9 
-10.7 
51.3 
11.3 

49.1 
23.6 
16.0 
7.9 
15.0 

41.6 
12.6 
64.5 
27.1 
9.6 

32.7 
12.9 
14.1 
18.6 
-5.6 

45.3 
22.9 
40.6 
17.4 
17.8 

20.0 
9.8 

7.8 
27.8 
28.7 

12.9 
29.7 
21.3 
25.0 
12.9 

-1.0 

2&1 

24.1 

-19.2 

-10.3 

11.4 
86.0 
18.4 
31.9 
16.5 

-15.4 

4.2 

28.9 

26.3 

22.0 


1  State  total  includes  population  (384)  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  dis- 
tributed by  counties. 

'  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc. ,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 

*  State  total  includes  population  (3,065)  of  San  Carlos  Indian  Reservation,  not 
returned  by  counties  in  1900;  returned  in  1910  in  Gila  and  Graham  Counties. 


*  State  total  includes  population  (28,623)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

'  See  headnote  to  table. 

"  State  total  includes  population  (32)  specially  enumerated  in  1800,  not  dis- 
tributed by  counties. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


33 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS   IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,   1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  baae  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


ARKANSAS— 
Con. 

Poinsett 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Pulasld 

Randolph 

St.  Francis 

Saline 

Scott' 

Searcy 

Sebastian! 

Sevier" 

Sharp 

Stone 

Union 

Van  Buren 

Washington , 

White 

Woodruff , 

YeU 


CAUFORmA. 


Alameda.. 

Alpine 

Amador.. 

Butte 

Calaveras. 


Colasai 

Contra  Costa. 
Del  Norte.... 
Eldorado. . . . 
Fresno* 


01enn> 

Humboldt. 
Imperial'.. 

Inyo 

Kern 


Kings' 

Lake 

Lassen 

Los  Angeles. 
Madera' 


Marin 

Mariposa... 
Mendocino. 
Merced .... 
Modoc 


Mono 

Monterey. 

Napa 

Nevada... 
Orange 


Placer 

Plumas 

Riverside'.. 
Sacramento. 
San  Benito.. 


San  Bernardino'. 

San  Diego' 

San  Francisco 

San  Joaquin 

San  Luis  Obispo. 

San  Mateo 

Santa  Barbara... 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Cruz 

Shasta 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Solano 

Sonoma 

Stanislaus 


Sutter... 
Tehama. 
Trinity.. 
Tulare'., 


Tuolumne. 
Ventura.... 

Yolo 

Yuba 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


721 
846 
828 
675 
747 

654 
628 
775 
970 
673 

631 
672 
609 
611 
1,048 

730 
965 
1,037 
577 
966 


158,653 


732 

776 

601 

1,722 

1,027 

1,140 
714 
1,024 
1,763 
6,950 

1,260 
3,634 
4,069 
10,019 
8,003 

1,169 
1,278 
4,531 
4,067 
2,112 

629 
1,463 
3,453 
1,995 
3,823 

3,030 

3,330 

783 

974 

796 

1,396 
2,594 
7,240 
983 
1,392 

20,167 
4,221 
43 
1,448 
3,334 

447 
2,740 
1,328 

435 
3,858 

923 
6,256 

822 
1,577 
1,450 

608 
2,893 
3,166 
4,856 

2,190 
1,878 
1,014 


POPULATION. 


1910 


12,791 
17, 216 
24,527 
13,853 
86,751 

18,987 
22,548 
16,657 
14,302 
14,825 

52,278 
16,616 
11,688 
8,946 
30,723 

13,509 
33,889 
28,574 
20,049 
26,323 


2,877,549 


246, 131 

309 

9,066 

27,301 

9,171 

7,732 

31,674 

2,417 

7,492 

75,657 

7,172 
33,857 
13,591 

6,974 
37,715 

16,230 
5,626 
4,802 
504,131 
8,368 

25,114 
3,956 
23,929 
15,148 
6,191 

2,042 
24,146 
19,800 
14,955 
34,436 

18,237 

5,259 

34,696 

67,806 

8,041 

66,706 
61,665 
416,912 
50,731 
19,383 

26,585 
27,738 
83,5.19 
26,140 
18,920 

4,098 
18,801 
27,559 
48,394 
22,522 

6,328 
11,401 

3,301 
35,440 

9,979 
18,347 
13,926 
10,042 


1900 


7,025 
18,352 
21,715 
11,875 
63,179 

17,156 
17, 157 
13,122 
13,183 
11,988 

36,935 
16,339 
12,199 
8,100 
22,495 

11,220 
34,256 
24,864 
16,304 
22,750 


1,488,068 


130, 197 
509 
11,116 
17,117 
11,200 

7,364 
18,046 
2,408 
8,986 
37,862 

5,150 
27,104 


4,377 
16,480 

9,871 
6,017 
4,511 
170,298 
6,364 

15,702 
4,720 

20,465 
9,215 
5,076 

2,167 
19,380 
16,451 
17,789 
19,696 

15,786 
4,657 
17,897 
45,915 
6,633 

27,929 
35,090 
342,782 
35,452 
16,637 

12,094 
18,934 
60,216 
21,512 
17,318 

4,017 
16,962 
24, 143 
38,480 

9,550 

6,886 
10,996 

4,383 
18,375 

11,166 
14,367 
13,618 
8,620 


1890 


4,272 
9,283 
19,458 
11,374 
47,329 

14,485 
13,543 
11,311 
12,635 
9,664 

33,200 
10,072 
10,418 
7,043 
14,977 

8,567 
32,024 
22,946 
14,009 
18,015 


1,818,89* 


93,864 
667 
10,320 
17,939 
8,882 

14,640 
13,515 
2,592 
9,232 
32,026 


23,469 


3,544 
9,806 


7,101 

4,239 

101,454 


13,072 
3,787 

17,612 
8,085 
4,986 

2,002 
18,637 
16,411 
17,369 
13,589 

16, 101 
4,933 


40,339 
6,412 

25,497 
34,987 
298,997 
28,629 
16,072 

10,087 
15,754 
48,005 
19,270 
12,133 

5,051 
12,163 
20,946 
32,721 
10,040 

5,469 
9,916 
3,719 
24,574 

6,082 
10,071 
12,684 

9,636 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


82.1 
-6.2 
12.9 
16.7 
37.3 

10.7 
31.4 
26.9 
8.5 
23.7 

41.6 
1.7 
-4.2 
10.4 
36.6 

20.4 
-1.1 
14.9 
23.0 
15.7 


60.1 


89.0 
-39.3 
-18.3 

59.6 
-18.1 

6.0 
76.6 

0.4 
-16.6 
99.8 

39.3 
24.9 


59.3 
128.9 

64.4 

-a  2 

6.5 
196.0 
31.5 

69.9 
-16.2 
16.9 
64.4 
22.0 

-5.8 
24.6 
20.4 
-15.9 
74.8 

16.6 
12.9 
93.9 
47.7 
21.2 

103.0 
75.7 
21.6 
43.1 
16.6 

119.8 
46.5 
38.7 
21.5 
9.3 

2.0 
10.8 
14.1 
25.8 
135.8 

7.5 

3.7 

-24.7 

92.9 

-10.6 
27.7 
2.3 
16.5 


1890- 
1900 


64  4 
97.7 
11.6 
4.4 
33.5 

ia4 
26.7 
16.0 
4.3 
24.0 

11.3 
62.2 
17.1 
15.0 
50.2 

31.0 
7.0 
8.4 
16.4 
26.3 


SS.4 


38.7 

-23.7 

7.7 

-4.6 

26.1 

-49.7 
33.5 
-7.1 
-2.7 
1&2 


23.5 
68.0 


-15.3 

6.4 

67.9 


20.1 

24.6 

•12.8 

14.0 

1.8 

8.2 
4.0 
0.2 
2.4 
44.9 

4.5 
-6.6 


13.8 
3.4 

9.5 

•-2.0 

14.6 

23.8 

3.5 

19.9 
20.2 
25.4 
11.6 
42.7 

-20.5 

39.5 

15.3 

17.6 

-4.9 

7.6 

10.9 

17.9 

1-25.8 

83.6 

42.7 

7.4 

-10.5 


'For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 
'State  total  includes  population   (5,26.S)   ol  Indian  reservations   specially 
enumerated  in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

72497°— 13 3  + 


COLOKADO 

Adams' 

Arapahoe ' 

Archuleta 

Baca 

Bent 

Boulder 

Chaffee' 

Cheyenne 

Clear  Creek 

Conejos 

Coetllla 

Custer 

Delta 

Denver' 

Dolores 

Douglas 

Eagle 

ElPaso' 

Elbert 

Fremont' 

Garfield 

Gtlpln 

Grand 

Gunniaon 

Hinsdale' 

Huerfano 

Jackson' 

Jefferson' 

Kiowa 

Kit  Carson 

La  Plata 

Lake 

Larimer' 

Las  Animas.... 
Lincoln 

Logan 

Mesa 

Mineral' 

Montezuma 

Montrose 

Morgan 

Otero 

Ouray 

Park' 

PhiUips 

Pitkin 

Prowers 

Pueblo 

Rio  Blanco 

Rio  Grande'... 

Routt 

Saguache' 

San  Juan 

SanMlgueL.... 
Sedgwick 

Summit 

Teller' 

Washingtcm'... 

Weld 

Yuma' 


comrEOTicxrr 

Fairfield 

Hartford 

Litchfield 

Middlesex 

New  Haven 

New  London 

Tolland 

Windham 


DELAWARE.... 

Kent 

Newcastle 

Sussex 

DIST.COLTTMBIA. 

District  of  Columbia 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


103,668 


1,262 
842 
1,220 
2,552 
1,524 

764 
1,083 
1,777 

390 
1,393 

1,771 

747 

1,201 

58 

1,043 

846 
1,620 
2,121 
1,867 
1,657 

3,107 

132 

1,866 

3,179 

971 

1,600 
1,632 
838 
1,798 
2,160 

1,861 
371 
2,629 
4,809 
2,570 

1,822 
3,163 
866 
2,061 
2,264 

1,286 

2,067 

619 

2,212 


1,019 
1,630 
2,433 
3,223 


6,967 
3,133 

463 
1,288 

631 

649 

547 

8,521 

4,022 

2,367 


4,820 


631 
729 
925 


603 
659 

404 
500 

1,965 


617 
435 
913 

60 


60 


POPULATION. 


1910 


790,024 


1900 


589,700 


8,892 
10,263 
3,302 
2,516 
5,043 

30,330 
7,622 
3,687 
5,001 

11,285 

6,498 

1,947 

13,688 

213,381 

642 

3,192 
2,985 

43,321 
6,331 

18,181 

10,144 

4,131 

1,862 

6,897 

646 

13,320 

1,013 

14,231 

7^483 

10,812 
10,600 
25,270 
33,643 
5,917 

9,549 

22,197 

1,239 

6,029 

10,291 

9,577 
20,201 
3,514 
2,492 
3,179 

4,566 
9,520 
62,223 
2,332 
6,663 

7,561 
4,160 
3,063 
4,700 
3,061 

2,003 
14,351 

6,002 
39,177 

8,499 


1,114,756 


245,322 

250,182 

70,260 

46,637 

337,282 
91,253 
26,459 
48,361 

802,888 


32,721 
123, 188 
46,413 

831,069 


153,017 

2,117 

759 

3,049 

21,544 

7,085 

501 

7,082 

8,794 

4,632 
2,937 
6,487 


1,134 

3,120 
3,008 

31,602 
3,101 

15,636 

6,835 
6,690 
741 
6,331 
1,609 

8,396 


9,306 

701 

1,680 

7,016 

18,064 

12,168 

21,842 

926 

3,292 
9,267 
1,913 
3,058 
4,536 

3,268 
11,522 
4,731 
2,998 
1,583 

7,020 
3,766 
34,448 
1,690 
4,080 

3,661 
3,853 
2,342 
5,379 
971 

2,744 
29,002 

1,241 
16,808 

1,729 

908,480 


184,203 
195,480 
63,672 
41,760 

269,163 
82,758 
24,523 
46,861 

184,785 


32,762 
109,697 
42,276 

278,718 


1890 


«  418,848 


132, 135 

826 

1,479 

1,313 

14,082 
6,612 
534 
7,184 
7,193 

3,491 
2,970 
2,534 


1,498 

3,006 
3,725 
21,239 
1,856 
9,156 

4,478 
5,867 

604 
4,359 

862 

6,882 


8,450 
1,243 
2,472 

5,509 
14,663 

9,712 
17,208 


3,070 
4,260 


1,529 
3,960 

1,601 
4,192 
6,510 
3,548 
2,642 

8,929 
1,969 
31,491 
1,200 
3,451 

2,369 
3,313 
1,572 
2,909 
1,293 

1,906 


2,301 
11,736 
2,596 

746,858 


150,081 
147, 180 
53,542 
39,524 

209,058 
76,634 
25,081 
45,158 


168,498 


32,664 
97,182 
38,647 

830,398 


331,069  1      278,718  I      230,392 


PER  CENT  or 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


48.0 


-93.3 
56.0 
231.5 
65.4 

40.8 

7.6 

635.9 

-29.4 

28.3 

18.7 
-33.7 
149.5 


-43.4 

2.3 
-0.8 
37.1 
71.9 
16.3 

73.8 
-38.3 
161.3 

10.6 
-59.9 

58.7 


52.9 
313.6 
373.6 

64.1 

-41.3 

107.7 

54.0 

539.0 

190.1 
139.5 
-35.2 
64.5 
126.9 

193.1 

75.3 

-25.7 

-16.9 

100.8 

-35.0 
152.8 
51.6 
38.0 
60.9 

106.5 

8.0 

30.8 

-12.6 

215.2 

-27.0 
-50.5 
383.6 
133.1 
39L6 

88.7 


33.2 
28.0 
10.3 
9.3 

25.3 
10.3 
7.9 
3.2 


9.5 


-0.1 
12.3 
9.8 

18.8 


»  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

*  State   total   includes   population  (1,051)   of  Indian   reservations   specially 
enumerated  in  1S90,  not  distributed  by  counties. 


34 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS   IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTT. 


FLORIDA. 


Alachua.. 
Baker — 
Bradford. 
Brevard'. 
Calhoun.. 


Citrus 

Clay 

Columbia. 

Dade> 

DeSoto... 


Duval 

Escambia. 
Franldm.. 
Gadsden.. 
Hamilton. 


Hernando. 
Hillsl)oro.. 
Holmes... 
Jackson... 
Jefferson.. 


Lafayette. 

Lake 

Lee 

Leon 

Levy 


Liberty.. 
Madison. 
Manatee. 
Marion... 
Monroe.. 


Nassau 

Orange 

Osceola 

Palm  BeachJ. 
Pascoi 


Polki 

Putnam... 
St.  John... 
St.  Lucie  1. 


Santa  Rosa. 

Sumter 

Suwanee 

Taylor 


Volusia 

Wakulla.... 

Walton 

Washington. 


GEORGIA 


Appling  1. 

Baker 

Baldwin. 
Banks... 
Bartow.. 


Ben  Hill  1. 
Berrien  i . . 

Bibb 

Brooks 

Bryan 


Bulloch  J. 
Burke  1... 
Butts.... 
Calhoun.. 
Camden.. 


Campbell. 

Carroll 

Catoosa... 
Charlton . . 
Chatham.. 


Chattahoochee . 

Chattooga 

Cherokee 

Clarke' 

Clay 


Cla3^ni. 
Clinch.... 

Cx)bb 

Coileei... 
ColquiU. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


64,861 


1,262 

587 

539 

1,025 

1,192 

620 

617 

792 

2,733 

3,754 

786 
657 
541 
540 
528 

497 
1,329 
458 
965 
585 

1,244 
1,047 
4,031 
715 
1,143 

823 

719 

1,337 

1,647 

1,100 

630 
1,250 
1,773 
3,048 

767 

1,907 
752 
966 

1,395 

1,546 
583 
692 

1,064 

1,256 

602 

1,382 

1,435 


58,725 


604 
357 
307 
222 
471 

256 
735 
277 
514 
431 

887 
956 
203 
284 

Tai 

213 
492 
169 
905 
370 

218 
328 
429 
114 
203 

142 
961 
353 
901 
629 


POPULATION. 


1910 


768,619 

34,305 
4,805 
14,090 

4,717 
7,465 

6,731 
6,116 
17,689 
11,933 
14,200 

75,163 
38,029 
5,201 
22, 198 
11,825 

4,997 
78,374 
11,557 
29,821 
17,210 

6,710 
9,509 
6,294 
19,427 
10,361 

4,700 
16,919 

9,550 
26,941 
21,563 

10,525 
19,107 
5,507 
5,577 
7,502 

24,148 
13,096 
13,208 
4,076 

14,897 
6,696 

18, 603 
7,103 

16,510 
4,802 
16,460 
16,403 


2,609,121 


1900 


12,318 
7,973 
18,354 
11,244 
25,388 

11,863 
22,772 
56,646 
23,832 
6,702 

26,464 
27,268 
13,624 
11,334 
7,690 

10,874 
30,855 
7,184 
4,722 
79,690 

5,686 
13,608 
16,661 
23,273 

8,960 

10,453 
8,424 
28,397 
21,953 
19,789 


628,542 

32,245 
4,516 

10,295 
5,158 

5,iae 

5,391 
5,636 
17,094 
4,955 
8,047 

39,733 
28,313 
4,890 
15,294 
11,881 

3,638 
36,013 

7,762 
23,377 
16, 195 

4,987 
7,467 
3,071 
19,887 
8,603 

2,956 
15,446 

4,663 
24,403 
18,006 

9,654 
11,374 
3,444 


6,054 

12,472 
11,641 
9,166 


10,293 

6,187 
14,654 
3,999 

10,003 
5,149 
9,346 

10,154 


2,216,331 


12,336 
6,704 
17,768 
10,545 
20,823 


19,440 
50,473 
18,606 
6,122 

21,377 
30,166 
12,805 
9,274 
7,669 

9,518 
26,576 
6,823 
3,592 
71,239 

6,790 
12,952 
15,243 
17,708 

8,668 


8,732 
24,664 
16, 169 
13,636 


1890 


391,422 

22,934 
3,333 
7,516 
3,401 
1,681 

2,394 
5,154 
12,877 
861 
4,944 

26,800 
20,188 

3,308 
11,894 

8,507 

2,476 
14,941 

4,336 
17, 544 
15,757 

3,686 
8,034 
1,414 
17, 752 
6,586 

1,462 
14,316 

2,895 
20,796 
18, 786 

8,294 
12,584 
3,133 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCKEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


42.4 


1890- 
1900 


35.0 


4,249 

7,905 
11,186 
8,712 


7,961 
5,363 
10,524 
2,122 

8,467 
3,117 
4,816 


1,837,353 


8,676 
6,144 

14,608 
8,562 

20,616 


10,694 
42,370 
13,979 
6,620 

13, 712 
28,501 
10,566 
8,438 
6,178 

9,115 

22,301 

5,431 

3,335 

67,740 

4,902 
11,202 
16,412 
16,186 

7,817 


6.4 
6.4 

36.9 
-&5 

45.5 

24.9 

&6 

3.6 

140.8 

76.5 

89.2 
34.3 
6.4 
45.1 
-0.5 

37.4 
117.6 
48.9 
27.6 
6.3 

34.5 
27.3 
104.9 
-2.3 
20.4 

59.0 
9.5 
104.8 
10.4 
19.8 

9.0 
68.0 
69.9 


23.9 

93.6 
12.6 
44.1 


44.7 
8.2 
27.8 
77.6 

65.1 
-6.7 
76.1 
61.6 


17.7 


-0.1 

18.9 

3.3 

6.6 

21.9 


17.1 
12.2 
28.1 
9.5 

23.8 
-9.6 

6.4 
22.2 

0.3 

14.2 
16.1 
23.4 
31.5 
11.9 

-a  5 

6.1 
9.3 

31.4 
4.6 


40.6 
35.5 
37.0 
61.7 
206.3 

125.2 

9.3 

32.7 

475.6 


48.3 
40.2 
47.8 
28.6 
39.7 

46.9 
141.0 
79.0 
33.2 
2.8 

35.3 
-7.1 
117.2 
12.0 
30.6 

103.6 
7.9 
61.1 
17.3 

-4.2 

1&4 

-9.6 

9.9 


42.5 

67.8 
4.1 
5.2 


29.3 

16.4 
38.3 
88.6 

18.1 
65.2 
94.1 
58.0 


20.6 


42.2 
9.1 
21.6 
23.2 
1.0 


81.8 
19.1 
33.1 
10.9 

55.9 
6.8 

21.2 
9.9 

24.1 

4.4 
19.2 

7.2 

7.7 

23.4 

18.1 
16.6 
-1.1 
16.6 
9.6 


8,296  8.9  15.7  Pulaski 

6,652  —3.5  31.3  Putnam 

22,286  16.1  10.7  Quitman 

10,483  36.8  54.2  Rabim 

4,794  45.1  184.4  i  Randolph 

>  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


GEORGIA— Con. 


Columbia. 
Coweta... 
Crawford.. 

Crispi 

Dade 


Dawson. . 
Decatur'. 
Dekalb.. 
Dodge... 
Dooly'... 


Dougherty . 

Douglas 

Early 

Echols 

Effingham. 


Elbert.... 
Emanuel '. 
Fannin . . . 
Fayette... 
Floyd 


Forsyth. . . 
Franklin'. 
Fulton'... 

Gilmer 

Glascock.. 


Glyim 

Gordon... 
Grady'... 

Greene 

Gwinnett. 


Habersham ' . 

Hall 

Hancock 

Haralson 

Harris 


Hart 

Heard . . . 
Henry... 
Houston. 
Irwin ' . . . 


Jackson 

Jasper 

Jell  Davis'. 
Jefferson . . . 
Jenkins ' . . . 


Johnson. 

Jones 

Laurens. 

Lee 

Liberty. 


Lincoln... 
Lowndes. . 
Lumpkin . 
McDuffie  . 
Mcintosh. 


Macon 

Madison 

Marion 

Meriwether. 
Miller 


Milton 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Montgomery ' 
Morgan 


Murray 

Muscogee... 

Newton 

Oconee 

Oglethorpe' 


Paulding. 
Pickens.. 

Pierce 

Pike 

Polk 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


350 
470 
319 
277 
186 

216 
823 
272 
431 
397 


524 
362 
448 

361 
936 
401 
234 
602 

247 
279 
183 
440 
170 

439 
375 
444 
416 
491 

290 
437 
530 
284 
601 

261 
268 
324 
685 
378 

433 
321 
300 
720 
342 

292 
377 
806 
326 
936 

291 
482 
280 
287 
470 


284 
360 
496 
263 

145 
648 
584 
691 
390 

342 
235 
262 
172 
504 

324 
231 
605 
307 
317 

463 
361 
144 
377 
412 


POPXTLATION. 


1910 


12,328 
28,800 

8,310 
16,423 

4,139 

4,686 
29,045 
27,881 
20,127 
20,664 

16,035 
8,953 

18, 122 
3,309 
9,971 

24,126 
25,140 
12,574 
10,966 
36,736 

11,940 
17,894 
177,733 
9,237 
4,669 

15,720 
16,861 
18,457 
18,512 
28,824 

10,134 
25,730 
19, 189 
13,614 
17,886 

16,216 
11,189 
19,927 
23,609 
10,461 

30,169 
16,552 
6,050 
21,379 
11,620 

12,897 
13, 103 
35,501 
11,679 
12,924 

8,714 
24,436 

5,444 
10,325 

6,442 

16,016 
16,851 

9,147 
26,180 

7,986 

7,239 
22,114 
20,460 
19,638 
19,717 

9,763 
36,227 
18,449 
11,104 
18,680 

14,124 
9,041 
10, 749 
19, 495 
20,203 

22,835 
13,876 
4,694 
6,662 
18,841 


1900 


10,663 
24,980 
10,368 


4,678 

6,442 
29,454 
21, 112 
13,975 
26,567 

13,679 
8,745 

14,828 
3,209 
8,334 

19,729 
21,279 
11,214 
10, 114 
33,113 

11,550 
17,700 
117,363 
10,198 
4,616 

14,317 
14, 119 


1890 


16,542 
25,585 

13,604 
20,752 
18,277 
11,922 
18,009 

14,492 
11,177 
18,602 
22,641 
13,646 

24,039 
15,033 


18,212 


11,409 
13,358 
25,908 
10,344 
13,093 

7,166 
20,036 
7,433 
9,804 
6,537 

14,093 
13,224 
10,080 
23,339 
6,319 

6,763 
14, 767 
20,682 
16,359 
16,813 

8,623 
29,836 
16,734 

8,602 
17,881 

12,969 
8,641 
8,100 
18,761 
17,856 

18,489 
13,436 
4,701 
6,285 
16,847 


11,281 
22,354 
9,315 


5,707 

5,612 
19,949 
17, 189 
11,452 
18,146 

12,206 
7,794 
9,792 
3,079 
5,599 

16,376 
14, 703 
8,724 
8,728 
28,391 

11,155 

14,670 

84,655 

9,074 

3,720 

13,420 
12,758 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


15.7 
15.3 
-19.8 


17,051 
19,899 

11,573 
18,047 
17,149 
11,316 
16,797 

10,887 
9,657 
16,220 
21,613 
6,316 

19, 176 
13,879 


17, 213 


6,129 
12,709 
13, 747 

9,074 
12,887 

6,146 
16,102 
6,867 
8,789 
6,478 

13,183 
11,024 

7,728 
20,740 

4,276 

6,208 
10,906 
19, 137 

9.248 
16,041 

8,461 
27, 761 
14,310 

7.713 
16,951 

11.948 
8,182 
6,379 
10,300 
14,945 

16,569 
14,842 
4,471 
5,606 
16,267 


-9.6 

-13.9 

-1.4 

32.1 

44.0 

-22.6 

17.2 
2.4 

22.2 
3.1 

19.6 

22.3 
18.1 
12.1 
8.4 
10.9 

3.4 

1.1 

51.4 

-9.4 

3.4 


12.3 


11.9 
12.7 

-25.5 
24.0 
6.0 
13.4 

-0.7 

11.9 
0.1 
7.1 
4.3 
-23.3 

26.6 
10.1 


13.0 
-1.9 
37.0 
12.9 
-1.3 

21.8 

22.0 

-26.8 

6.3 

-1.5 

6.6 
27.4 
-9.3 

7.9 
26.4 

7.0 
49.8 
-1.1 
20.0 
24.7 

13.2 
21.4 
10.2 
29.1 
4.6 


4.6 
32.7 

3.9 
13.1 

23.5 

3.3 

-2.3 

-11.6 

11.8 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


35 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN   THE  UNITEJ)  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  189{>— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COCOTY. 


OEORQIA— Con. 


Richmond. 
Rockdale.. 

Schley 

Screven'... 
Spalding... 


Stephens!. 
Stewart... 
Sumter... 
Talbot.... 
Taliaferro. 


Tattnall  >. 
Tavlor... 
TeUalr... 
Terrell . . . 
Thomas'. 


Tift' 

Toombs'. 
Towns . . . 

Troup 

Turner'.. 


Twiggs. 
Union.. 
Upson.. 
Walker. 


Walton 

Ware 

Warren 

Washington. 


Wajme.... 
Webster . . 

White 

Whitfield. 


wncox'..., 

WUkes 

Wilkinson. 
Worth'..., 


IDAHO. 


Ada' 

Bannock'.. 
Bear  Lake. 
Bingham'.. 
Blaine ' . . . . 


Boise 

Bonner'. 
Canyon', 
Cassia'.. 
Custer.... 


Elmore 

Fremont ' . 

Idaho 

Kootenai '. 
Latah 


Lemhi'.... 
Lincoln ' . . . 
Nez  Perce '. 
Oneida 


Owyhee 

Shoshone'... 
Twin  Falls'. 
Washington. 


ILLINOIS 


Adams 

Alexander. 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 


Land 
area  in 
square 
inlles: 

1910 


319 
119 
154 
794 
209 

166 
411 
4S6 
312 
212 

642 
340 
373 
322 
530 

243 
393 
181 
435 
231 

314 
324 
317 
432 

370 
804 
404 
669 

764 
302 
245 
283 

403 
458 
472 
651 


> 88, 854 

1,136 
3,179 
942 
4,116 
6,120 

3,469 
3,129 
1,283 
2,611 
4,589 

2,665 
6,006 
11,012 
2,043 
1,128 

4,867 
3,283 
3,844 
2,655 

7,888 
2,579 
1,888 
2,871 


56,048 


842 
226 
.388 
293 
297 


POPULATION. 


1910 


58,886 
8,916 
6,213 
20,202 
19,741 

9,728 
13,437 
29,092 
11,696 

8,766 

18,569 
10,839 
13,288 
22,003 
29,071 

11,487 
11,206 
8,932 
26,228 
10,075 

10,736 
6,918 
12,767 
18,602 

25,393 
22,967 
11,860 
28,174 

13,069 
6,151 
6,110 

15,934 

13,486 
23,441 
10,078 
19,147 


825,694 

29,088 
19,242 

7,729 
23,306 

8,387 


6,250 
13,588 
A  323 
7,197 
3,001 

4,785 
24,606 
12,384 
22,747 
18,818 

4,786 
12,676 
24,860 
15,170 

4,044 
13,963 
13,543 
11, 101 


6,638,591 


64,588 
22,741 
17,075 
15,481 
10,397 


1900 


53,735 
7,616 
5,499 
19,262 
17,619 


16,856 

26,212 

12, 197 

7,912 

20, 419 
9,846 
10,083 
19,023 
31,076 


4,748 
24,002 


8,716 
8,481 
13,670 
15,661 

20,942 
13,761 
11,463 
28,227 

9,449 
6,618 
6,912 
14,609 

11,097 
20,806 
11,440 
18,664 


161,778 

11,669 
11,702 

7,061 
10,447 

4,900 

4,174 


7,497 
3,961 
2,049 

2,286 
12,821 

9,121 
10,216 
13,451 

3,446 
1,784 
13, 748 
8,933 

3,804 
11,950 


6,882 


4,821,660 


67,058 
19,384 
16,078 
15, 791 
11,557 


1890 


45,194 
6,813 
5,443 
14,424 
13,117 


15,682 

22,107 

13,268 

7,291 

10,253 
8,666 
6,477 
14,603 
26,154 


4,064 
20,723 


8,196 
7,749 
12,188 
13,282 

17.467 
8.811 
10.957 
25,237 

7.485 
6,695 
6,151 
12,916 

7.980 
18.081 
10,781 
10,048 


6,057 
13,675 


3,342 


3,143 
2,176 


1,870 


2,965 
4,108 
9,173 

1,916 


2,847 
6,819 


2.021 
6,382 


3,836 


>8,82e,862 


61,888 
16.563 
14,650 
12,203 
11,951 


PEE  CENT  OP 
INCKEASE. 


190(N- 
1910 


9.6 
18.6 
-5.2 
4.9 
12.0 


-15.3 

1.1 

11.0 

18.6 

-4.1 

-8.0 

10.8 

8.5 

-9.1 
10.1 
31.8 
15.7 

-6.6 


-17.2 
9.3 


23.2 

-18.4 
-6.7 
19.4 

21.3 

66.8 

3.5 

-0.2 

38.3 

-7.1 

-13.6 

9.8 

21.5 

12.3 

-11.9 

2.6 


101.8 


151.6 
64.4 
9.6 

123.1 
71.2 

25.8 


237.8 
82.2 
46.5 

109.3 
91.9 
35.8 

122.7 
39.9 

38.9 
610.5 
80.8 
69.8 

6.3 
16.8 


61.3 


16.9 


-3.7 

17.3 

6.2 

-2.0 

-10.0 


1890- 
1900 


18.9 
10.3 
1.0 
33.5 
34.3 


99.2 
13.0 
84.1 
31.2 
18.8 


16.8 
15.8 


6.4 
9.4 
12.2 
17.9 

19.9 

66.2 

4.6 

11.8 

26.2 
16.2 
-3.9 
12.3 

39.1 
15.4 
6.1 
85.7 


82.7 


38.1 


16.4 

«-3ao 


24.9 


22.2 


208.7 

n30.4 

46.6 

«54.6 


382.9 
31.0 


88.2 
122.0 


ILLINOIS— Con. 


Bureau 

Calhoun.... 

Carroll 

Cass 

Champ^gn. 


Christian. 
Clark.... 

Clay 

Clinton. . 
Coles 


Cook 

Crawford 

Cumberland . 

Dekalb 

Dewltt 


Douglas... 

Dupage 

Edgar 

Edwards. . 
Efi&nghsan. 


Fayette.. 

Ford 

Franklin. 
Fulton. . . 
Oallatin.. 


Oreene 

Grundy. . . 
Hamilton. 
Hancock.. 
Hardin... 


Henderson . 

Henry 

Iroquois. . . 

Jackson 

Jasper 


Jefferson... 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess. 
Johnson. . . 
Kaae 


Kankakee , 
Kendall... 

Knox , 

La  Salle... 
Lake 


79.4 


86.0 


8.4 
17.0 
10.5 
29.4 
-3  3 


Lawrenoe... 
Lee 

Livingston. . 

Logan 

McDonough. 


McHenry. 
McLean.. 

Macon 

Macoupin . 
Madison.. 


Marion.. 
Marshall. 
Mason... 
Massac... 
Menard.. 


Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery . 

Morgan 

Moultrie 


Ogle... 
Peoria. 
Perry.. 
Piatt.. 
Pike... 


Pope 

Pulaski... 
Putnam.. 
Randolph . 
Richland.. 


Land 

area  In 

square 

miles: 

1910 


881 
256 
453 
371 
1,043 

700 
493 
462 
483 
525 

933 
453 
353 
638 
415 

417 
345 
621 
238 
511 

729 
500 
445 
884 
338 

515 
433 
466 
780 
185 

376 

824 

1,121 


603 
367 
623 
348 
627 


324 

711 

1,146 

465 

358 
742 
1,043 
617 
588 

620 
1,191 
585 
860 
737 


555 
240 

317 

540 
389 
689 
676 
338 

756 
636 
451 
451 
786 

385 
190 
173 
587 
357 


POPULATION. 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


1910 


43,975 
8,610 
18,035 
17,372 
51,829 

34,694 
23,517 
18,661 
22,832 
34,517 

2,405,233 
26,281 
14,281 
33,457 
18,906 

19,591 
33,432 
27,336 
10,049 
20,055 

28,075 
17,096 
25,943 
49,549 
14,628 

22,363 
24, 162 
18,227 
30,638 
7,015 

9,724 
41,736 
35,543 
35,143 
18, 157 

29,111 
13,954 
22,657 
14,331 
91,862 

40,752 
10, 777 
46,159 
90,132 
55,058 

22,661 
27,750 
40,465 
30,216 
26,887 

32,509 
68,008 
54,186 
50,685 
89,847 

35,094 
15,679 
17,377 
14,200 
12,796 

19,723 
13,608 
35,311 
34,420 
14,630 

27,864 
100,255 
22,088 
16,376 
28,622 

11,215 
15,650 
7,561 
29,120 
15,970 


1900 


41,112 
8,917 
18,963 
17,222 
47,622 

32,790 
24,033 
19,553 
19,824 
34,146 

1,838,735 
19,240 
16,124 
31,756 
18,972 

19,097 
28,196 
28,273 
10,345 
20,465 

28,065 
18,359 
19,675 
46,201 
16,836 

23,402 
24,136 
20,197 
32, 215 
7,448 

10,836 
40,049 
38,014 
33,871 
20,160 

28,133 
14,612 
24,533 
15,667 
78,792 

37,164 
11,467 
43,612 
87,776 
34,604 

16,523 
29,894 
42,035 
28,680 
28,412 

29,769 
67,843 
44,003 
42,256 
64,694 

30,446 
16,370 
17,491 
13,110 
14,336 

20,945 
13,847 
30,836 
35,006 
15,224 

29,129 
88,608 
19,830 
17,706 
31,595 

13,585 
14,554 
4,746 
28,001 
16,391 


1890 

1900- 
1910 

35,014 

7.0 

7,652 

-3.4 

18,320 

-4.9 

15,963 

0.9 

42,159 

8.8 

30,531 

5.5 

21,899 

-2.1 

16,772 

-4.6 

17,411 

15.2 

30,093 

1.1 

1,191,922 

30.8 

17,283 

36.6 

15,443 

-11.4 

27,066- 

6.4 

17,011 

-0.3 

17,669 

2.6 

22,651 

18.6 

26,787 

-3.3 

9,444 

-2.9 

19,358 

-2.0 

23,367 

(•) 

17,035 

-6.9 

17,138 

31.9 

43,110 

7.2 

14,935 

-7.6 

23,791 

-4.4 

21,024 

0.1 

17,800 

-9.8 

31,907 

-4.9 

7,234 

-5.8 

9,876 

-10.3 

33,338 

4.2 

35,167 

-6.5 

27,809 

3.8 

18,188 

-9.9 

22,590 

3.5 

14,810 

-4.5 

25,101 

-7.6 

15,013 

-8.5 

65,061 

16.6 

28,732 

9.7 

12,106 

-6.0 

38,752 

5.8 

80,798 

2.7 

24,236 

59.6 

14,693 

37.1 

26,187 

-7.2 

38,455 

-3.7 

25,489 

5.4 

27,467 

-5.4 

26,114 

9.2 

63,036 

0.2 

38,083 

23.1 

40,380 

19.9 

51,536 

38.9 

24,341 

15.3 

13,653 

-4.2 

16,067 

-0.7 

11,313 

8.3 

13,120 

-10.7 

18,545 

-6.8 

12,948 

-2.4 

30,003 

14.5 

32,636 

-1.7 

14,481 

-3.9 

28,710 

-4.3 

70,378 

13.1 

17,529 

11.4 

17,062 

-7.5 

31,000 

-9.4 

14,016 

-17.4 

11,355 

7.5 

4,730 

59.3 

25,049 

4.0 

16,019 

-2.6 

'  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 

'Includes  land  area  (51  square  miles)  of  that  part  of  Yellowstone  National 
Park  in  Idaho.    No  population  reported. 

3  State  total  includes  population  ( 4, 163)  of  Indian  reservations  si)ecially  enumer- 
ated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties;  also,  population  (6,798)  of  Alturas  and 
Logan  CountlCB,  taken  to  form  Blaine  and  Lincom  Counties  in  1895. 


*  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

^  State  total  includes  population  (1)  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  credited  to, 
any  county. 

'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


86 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:   1910,   1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUMTY. 


IIXINOIS— Con. 


Rock  Island . 

St.  Clair 

Saline 

Sangamon... 
Schuyler.... 


Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

Stephenson. 
Taiewell 


Union 

Vermilion. 
Wabash... 
Warren... 


Washington. 

Wayne 

White 

Whiteside... 


Will 

Williamson . 
Winnebs^o  . 
Woodfordf . . 


IITDIAirA. 


Adams 

Allen 

Bartholomew. 

Benton 

Blackford 


Boone. 
Brown. 
Carroll. 
Cass... 
Clark.. 


Clay 

Clinton... 
Crawford. 
Daviess... 
Dearborn. 


Decatur. . . 
Dekalb... 
Delaware. 
Dubois... 
£lkhart... 

Fayette... 

Floyd 

Fountain. 
Franklin., 
Fulton.... 


Gibson... 

Grant 

Greene 

Hamilton. 
Hancock  . 


Harrison  ... 
Hendricks.. 

Henry 

Howard 

Huntington. 


Jackson.. 
Jasper... 
Jay 

Jenerson. 
Jennings. 


Johnson... 

Knox 

Kosciusko. 
L£«range.. 
Lake 


Laporte. . . 
Lawrence. 
Madison.. 

Marion 

Marshall.. 


Martin 

Miami 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 
Morgan 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


424 
663 
399 
876 
432 

249 

772 
290 
559 
647 

403 
921 
220 
546 

561 
733 
507 
679 

844 
449 
529 
528 


36,045 


337 
661 
407 
408 
168 

427 
324 
377 
416 
375 

361 
408 
303 
433 
313 

378 
370 
392 
427 
462 

216 
148 
395 
394 
367 

486 
423 
543 
399 
307 


408 
397 
297 
386 

518 
562 
375 
364 
383 

322 
610 
541 
387 
492 

595 
456 
450 
397 
441 

339 
381 
416 
501 
406 


POPUUtTION. 


1910 


70,404 
119,870 
30,204 
91,024 
14,852 

10,067 
31,693 
10,098 
36,821 
34,027 

21,856 
77,996 
14,913 
23,313 

18,759 
25,697 
23,052 
34,507 

84,371 
45,098 
63,153 
20,506 


8,700,876 


21,840 
93,386 
24,813 
12,688 
15,820 

24,673 
7,975 
17,970 
36,368 
30,260. 

32,535 
26,674 
12,057 
27,747 
21,396 

18,793 
25,054 
51,414 
19,843 
49,008 

14, 415 
30,293 
20,439 
15,336 
16,879 

30,137 
51,426 
36,873 
27,026 
19,030 

20,232 
20,840 
29,758 
33,177 
28,982 

24,727 
13,044 
24,961 
20,483 
14,203 

20,394 
39,183 
27,936 
15  148 


45,797 
30,625 
65,224 
263,661 
24,175 

12,950 
29,350 
23,426 
29,296 
21, 182 


1900 


55,249 
86,685 
21,685 
71,593 
16,129 

10,455 
32,126 
10,186 
34,933 
33,221 

22,610 
65,635 
12,583 
23,163 

19, 526 
27,626 
25,386 
34,710 

74,764 
27,796 
47,845 
21,822 


2,616,462 


22,232 
77,270 
24,594 
13,123 
17,213 

26,321 
9,727 
19,953 
34,545 
31,835 

34,285 
28,202 
13,476 
29,914 
22,194 

19,518 
25,711 
49,624 
20,357 
45,052 

13,495 
30, 118 
21,446 
16,388 
17,453 

30,099 
64,693 
28,530 
29,914 
19,189 

21,702 
21,292 
25,088 
28,575 
28,901 

26,633 
14,292 
26,818 
22,913 
15,757 

20,223 
32,746 
29,109 
15,284 
37,892 

38,386 
25,729 
70,470 
197,227 
25,119 

14,711 
28,344 
20,873 
29,388 
20,457 


1890 


41,917 
66,571 
19,342 
61,195 
16,013 

10,304 
31,191 
9,982 
31,338 
29,556 

21,549 
49,905 
11.866 
21,281 

19,262 
23,806 
25,005 
30,854 

62,007 
22,226 
39,938 
21,429 


2,192,404 


20,181 
66,689 
23,867 
11,903 
10,461 

26,572 
10,308 
20,021 
31,152 
30,259 

30,536 
27,370 
13,941 
26,227 
23,364 

19,277 
24,307 
30,131 
20,253 
39,201 

12,630 
29,458 
19,558 
18,366 
16,746 

24,920 
31,493 
24,379 
26,123 
17,829 

20,786 
21, 498 
23,879 
26,186 
27,644 

24, 139 
11,185 
23,478 
24,507 
14,608 

19,561 
28,044 
28,645 
15,615 
23,886 

34,445 
19,792 
36,487 
141, 156 
23,818 

13,973 
25,823 
17,673 
28,025 
18,643 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


27.4 
38.3 
39.3 
27.1 
-7.9 

-3.7 

-1.3 

-0.9 

5.4 

2.4 

-3.3 
18.8 
18.5 
0.6 

-3.9 
-7.0 
-9.2 
-0.6 

12.8 
62.2 
32.0 
-6.0 


7.8 


-1.8 
20.9 
0.9 
-3.3 
-8.1 

-6.3 
-18.0 
-9.9 
5.3 
-4.9 

-5.1 
-5.4 
-10.5 
-7.2 
-3.6 

-3.7 

-2.6 

3.6 

-2.5 


6.8 

0.6 

-4.7 

-6.4 

-3.3 

0.1 
-6.0 
29.2 
-9.7 
-0.8 


-2.1 
18.6 
16.1 
0.3 

-7.2 
-8.7 


0.8 
19.7 
-4.0 
-0.9 
118.7 

19.3 
19.0 

-7.4 
33.7 

-3.8 

-12.0 

3.5 

12.2 

-0.3 

3.5 


1890- 
1900 


31.8 
30.2 
12.1 
17.0 
0.7 

1.5 
3.0 
2.0 
11.5 
12.4 

4.9 

31.5 

6.0 


1.4 
16.0 

1.5 
12.5 

20.6 
25.1 
19.8 
1.8 


14.8 


10.2 
15.9 
3.0 
10.2 
64.5 

-0.9 
-5.6 
-0.3 
10.9 
5.2 

12.3 

3.0 

-3.3 

14.1 
-5.0 

1.3 
5.8 

64.7 
0.5 

14.9 


2.2 

9.7 

-10.8 

4.2 

20.8 
73.7 
17.0 
14.5 
7.6 

4.4 
-1.0 
5.1 
9.1 
4.5 

10.3 
27.8 
14.2 
-6.5 
7.9 

3.4 

16.8 

1.6 

-2.1 

58.6 

11.4 
30.0 
93.1 
39.7 
5.5 

5.3 
9.8 
18.1 
4  9 
9.7  ! 


INDIANA— Con. 


Newton. 
Noble... 
Ohio.... 
Orange.. 
Owen... 


Parke. . 
Perry . . 
Pike... 
Porter. 
Posey. . 


Pulaski . . . 
Putnam... 
Randolph. 

Ripley 

Rush 


St.  Joseph. 

Scott 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 


Steuben 

Sullivan 

Switzerland. 
Tippecanoe. 
Tipton 


Union 

Vanderburg. 
Vermilion... 
Vigo 


Wabash 

Warren 

Warrick 

Washington. 


Wayne 
Wells. 


White.... 
Whitley. 


IOWA. 


Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee. 
Appanoose. 
Audubon.. 


Benton 

Blackhawk. 

Boone 

Bremer 

Buchanan... 


Buena  Vista. 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 


Cedar 

Cerro  Gordo. 

Cherolcee 

Chickasaw.. 
Clarke 


Clay 

Clayton.. 
Clinton. . . 
Crawford. 
Dallas.... 


Davis 

Decatur 

Delaware... 
Des  Moines. 
Dickinson... 


Dubuque. 
Emmet... 
Fayette . . . 

Floyd 

Franklhi.. 


Fremont.. 

Greene 

Onmdy. . . 
Guthrie... 
Hamilton. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
inlles: 

1910 


405 
417 
85 
407 
393 

447 
384 
338 
415 
402 

432 
483 
447 
448 
409 

460 
190 
407 
403 
305 

305 
460 
222 
503 
260 

162 
233 
254 
409 

425 
368 
392 
519 

411 
365 
607 
338 


05,586 


573 
427 
639 
513 
443 

712 

565 
669 
434 
567 

571 
677 
668 
571 
564 

670 
667 
673 
497 
428 

663 
762 
691 
715 
689 

601 
533 
571 
409 
376 

601 
393 
724 
495 
578 

507 
574 
601 
696 
570 


POPULATION. 


1910 


10,504 
24,009 
4,329 
17, 192 
14,053 

22,214 
18,078 
19,684 
20,540 
21,670 

13,312 
20,520 
29,013 
19,452 
19,349 

84,312 
8,323 
26,802 
20,676 
10,567 

14,274 
32,439 
9.914 
40,063 
17,459 

6,260 
77,438 
18,865 
87,930 

26,926 
10,899 
21,911 
17,445 

43,757 
22,418 
17,602 
16,892 


8,224,771 


14,420 
10,998 
17,328 
28,701 
12,671 

23,156 
44,865 
27,626 
15,843 
19,748 

15,981 
17, 119 
17,090 
20,117 
19,047 

17,765 
25,011 
16,741 
15,375 
10,736 

12,766 
25,576 
45,394 
20,041 
23,628 

13,315 
16,347 
17,888 
36,145 
8,137 

57,450 
9,816 
27,919 
17, 119 
14,780 

15,623 
16,023 
13,574 
17,374 
19,242 


1900 


10,448 
23,533 
4,724 
16,854 
15, 149 

23,000 
18, 778 
20,486 
19, 175 
22,333 

14,053 
21,478 
28,653 
19,881 
20,148 

58,881 
8,307 
26, 491 
22,407 
10,431 

15,219 
26,005 
11,840 
38,659 
19, 116 

6,748 
71, 769 
15,252 
62,035 

28,236 
11,371 
22,329 
19,409 

38,970 
23,449 
19,138 
17,328 


2,231,853 


16,192 
13,601 
18.711 
25,927 
13,626 

25,177 
32,399 
28,200 
16,305 
21,427 

16.975 
17,955 
18,569 
20,319 
21,274 

19.371 
20,672 
16,570 
17,037 
12,440 

13,401 
27,750 
43,832 
21,685 
23,068 

15,620 
18,115 
19,185 
3.'5,989 
7,996 

56,403 
9,936 
29,845 
17,754 
14,996 

18,546 
17,820 
13,757 
18,729 
19,514 


1890 


23,359 
4,955 
14, 678 
15,040 

20,296 
18,240 
18,544 
18,052 
21,529 

11,233 
22,335 
28,085 
19,350 
19,034 

42,457 

7,833 

25,454 

22,060 

7,339 

14,478 
21,877 
12,514 
35,078 
18, 157 

7,006 
59,809 
13, 154 
50,195 

27, 126 
10,955 
21,161 
18, 619 

37,628 
21,514 
15,671 
17,768 


11,912,297 


14,534 
12,292 
17,907 
18,961 
12,412 

24, 178 
24,219 
23,772 
14, 630 

18,997 

13,548 
15,463 
13,107 
18,828 
19,645 

18,253 
14,864 
15,659 
15,019 
11,332 

9,309 
26,733 
41,199 
18,894 
20,479 

15,2.'58 
15,643 
17,349 
35,324 
4,328 

49,848 
4,274 
23,141 
15,424 
12,871 

16,842 
15,797 
13.215 
17,380 
15,319 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


0.5 
2.0 

-8.4 
2.0 

-7.2 

-3.4 
-3.7 
-3.9 
7.1 
-3.0 

-5.1 
-4.5 
1.3 
-2.2 
-4.0 

43.2 
0.2 
1.2 

-7.7 
1.3 

-6.2 

24.7 

-16.3 

3.6 

-8.7 

-7.2 
7.9 
23.7 
41.7 

-4.6 

-4.2 

-1.9 

-10.1 

12.3 
-4.4 
-8.0 
-2.6 


-0.3 


-10.9 
-19.1 

-7.4 
10.7 

-7.0 

-8.0 
38.5 
-2.0 
-2.8 
-7.8 

-5.9 
-4.7 
-8.0 
-1.0 
-10.5 

-8.3 

21.0 

1.0 

-9.8 

-13.7 

-4.7 
-7.8 

3.6 
-7.6 

2.5 

-14.8 

-9.8 

-6.8 

0.4 

1.8 

1.9 
-1.2 
-6.5 
-3.6 
-1.4 

-15.8 
-10.1 
-1.3 
-7.2 
-1.4 


« State  total  Includes  population  (401)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enumerated  In  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


37 


AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    Aminns5ign(—)  denotes  decrease.]  • 


Table  13— Cion. 

COUNTY. 


IOWA— Con. 


Hancock. 
Hardin... 
Harrison. 
Henry . . . 
Howard.. 


Humboldt.. 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 


Jefferson. 
Johnson. . 

Jones 

Keokuk. . 
Kossuth.. 


Lee 

Linn 

Louisa... 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Madison.. 
Mahaska. 
Marion... 
Marshall. 
Mills 


Mitchell 

Monona 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 
Muscatine 


O'Brien. . . , 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo  Alto.. 
Plymouth. 


Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie. 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 


Sao 

Soott... 
Shelby. 
Sioux.. 
Story.. 


Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van  Buren. 
Wapello 


Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winnebago.. 


Winneshiek. 
Woodbury.. 

Worth 

Wright 


KA3SSAS. 


Allen 

Anderson. 
Atchison.. 

Barber 

Barton 


Bourbon 

Brown 

Butler 

Chase , 

Chautauqua. 


Cherokee. . 
Cheyenne. 

Clark 

Clay 

Cloud 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


570 
560 
601 
427 
468 

431 
430 
583 
632 
730 

431 
610 
560 
678 
973 

511 
700 
396 
432 
582 

563 
568 
563 
572 
438 

463 
686 
432 
424 
432 


395 
531 
561 
856 

576 
582 
942 
580 
540 

574 
449 
589 
760 

567 

720 
534 
427 
477 
428 

570 
559 
524 
714 


864 
399 
575 

81,774 


POPULATION. 


1910 


12,731 
20,921 
23,162 
18,640 
12,920 

12,182 
11,296 
18,409 
21,258 
27,034 

15,951 
25,914 
19,050 
21,160 
21,971 

36,702 
60,720 
12,855 
13,462 
14,624 

15,621 
29,860 
22,995 
30,279 
15,811 

13,435 
16,633 
25,429 
16,6(M 
29,505 

17,262 
8,956 
24,002 
13,845 
23,129 

14,806 
110,438 
55,832 
19,589 
12,904 

10,555 
60,000 
16,552 
25,248 
24,063 

22,156 
16,312 
16,616 
15,020 
37,743 

18,194 
19,925 
16,184 
34,629 
11,914 

21,729 
67,616 
9,950 
17,951 


1,690,949 


27,640 
13,829 
28,107 
9,916 
17,876 

24,007 
21,314 
23,058 
7,527 
11,429 

38,162 
4,248 
4,093 
15,251 
18,388 


1900 


13,752 
22,794 
25,597 
20,022 
14,512 

12,667 
12,327 
19,544 
23,615 
26,976 

17,437 
24,817 
21,954 
24,979 
22,720 

39,719 
55,392 
13,516 
16,126 
13,165 

17,710 
34,273 
24,159 
29,991 
16,764 

14,916 
17,980 
17,985 
17,803 
28,242 

16,985 
8,726 
24,187 
14,354 
22,209 

15,339 
82,624 
54,336 
19,414 
15,325 

17,639 
61,558 
17,932 
23,337 
23,159 

24,585 
18,784 
19,928 
17,354 
35,426 

20,376 
20,718 
17,491 
31,757 
12,725 

23,731 
54,610 
10,887 
18,227 


1,470,496 


1890 


7,621 
19,003 
21,356 
18,895 
11,182 

9,836 
10,705 
18,270 
22,771 
24,943 

15,184 
23,082 
20,233 
23,862 
13,120 

37,715 
46,303 
11,873 
14,563 
8,680 

15,977 
28,805 
23,058 
25,842 
14,648 

13,299 
14,515 
13,666 
15,848 
24,504 

13,060 
6,674 

21,341 
9,318 

19,568 

9,663 
65,410 
47,430 
18,394 
13,566 

14,522 
43,164 
17,611 
18,370 
18,127 

21,051 
16,384 
16,900 
16,253 
30,426 

18,269 
18,468 
15,670 
21,682 
7,325 

22,528 
55,632 
9,247 
12,057 


<1,428,108 


19,507 
13,938 
28,606 
6,594 
13,784 

24,712 
22,360 
23,363 
8,246 
11,804 

42,694 
2,640 
1,701 
15,833 
18,071 


13,509 
14,203 
26,758 
7,973 
13, 172 

28,575 
20,319 
24,055 
8,233 
12,297 

27,770 
4,401 
2,357 
16, 146 
19,295 


PEB  CENT  OF 
INCEEASE. 


190fr- 
1910 


-7.4 
-8.2 
-9.6 
-6.9 
-11.0 

-3.8 

-8.4 

-5.8 

-10.0 

0.2 

-8.5 
4.4 

-13.2 
-15.3 
-3.3 

-7.6 

9.6 

-4.9 

-16.6 

11.1 

-11.8 
-12  9 

-4.8 
1.0 

-6.7 

-9.9 
-7.5 
41.4 
-6.7 
4.6 

1.6 

2.6 

-0.8 

-3.6 

4.1 

-16 

33.7 

2.8 

0.9 

-15.8 

-6.1 
16.4 

-7.7 
&2 
4.0 

-9.9 
-13.2 

-lao 

-13.4 
6.5 

-10.7 
-3.8 
-7.6 
9.0 
-6.4 

-8.4 
23.8 
-8.6 
-1.5 


16.0 


-10.6 

60.9 

140.6 

-3.7 

1.8 


1890- 
1900 


80.4 
19.9 
19.9 
6.0 
29.8 

28.8 
16.2 
7.0 
3.7 
8.2 

14.8 
7.5 
8.6 
4.7 

73.2 

5.3 
22.3 
13.8 
10.7 
61.7 

10.8 
19.0 
4.8 
16.1 
15.2 

12.2 
23.9 
31.6 
1Z3 
16.3 

aai 

56.6 
13.3 
64.0 
13.5 

eae 

26.3 
14.6 
6.6 
13.0 

21.6 
19.4 
1.8 
27.0 
27.8 

>11.8 
14.6 
17.9 
6.8 
16.4 

11.6 
12.2 

n.6 

47.1 
73.7 

6.3 
-1.8 
17.7 
61.2 


8.0 


4L7 

44.4 

-0.8 

-1.9 

-1.7 

6.9 

50.4 

-17.3 

29.7 

4.6 

-2.9 

-13.5 

-4.7 

•6.3 

-1.3 

-2.9 

-8.7 

0.2 

-3.2 

-4.0 

53.7 

-40.0 

-27.8 

-1.9 

-6.3 


KANSAS-Con. 


Coflfey 

Comanche. 

Cowley 

Crawford.. 
Decatur. . . 


Dickinson. 
Doniphan. 
Douglas. . . 
Edwards.. 
Elk 


Ellis 

Ellsworth. 
Finney  » . . 

Ford 

Franklin.. 


Geary... 

Oove 

Graham. 
Grant... 
Gray 


Greeley 

Greenwood. 
Hamilton.. 

Harper 

Harvey.... 


Haskell.... 
Hodgeman. 

Jackson 

Jefferson . . . 
Jewell 


Johnson.. , 
Kearny... 
Kingman. 

Kiowa 

Labette... 


Lane 

Leavenworth. 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Logan 


Lyon 

McPheraon. 

Marion 

Marshall... 
Meade 


Miami 

Mitchell 

Montgomery. 

Morris 

Morton 


Nemaha. 
Neosho.. 

Ness 

Norton... 
Osage.... 


Osborne 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Pottawatomie. 


Pratt 

Rawlins.. 

Reno 

Republic. 
Rice 


Rilev... 
Rooks.. 
Rush... 
Russell. 
Saline.. 


Scott 

Sedgwick. 
Seward . . . 
Shawnee . . 
Sheridan. . 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1010 


644 

788 

1,133 

605 


838 
378 
469 
611 
652 

901 

724 

1,276 

1,062 

686 

390 
1,060 
897 
678 
867 

776 
1,168 
984 
799 
640 

577 
868 
676 
643 
900 

486 
853 
867 
723 
643 

715 
440 
721 
613 
1,082 

845 
900 
971 
906 
984 

602 
713 
644 
C96 
718 

716 
580 
1,079 
876 
718 

894 
712 
742 
887 
829 

726 

1,064 

1,242 

704 

707 

604 
890 
719 
895 
720 

714 
994 
643 
544 
896 


POPULATION. 


1910 


16,205 
3,281 
31,790 
51,178 
8,976 

24,361 
14,422 
24,724 
7,033 
10,128 

12, 170 
10,444 
6,908 
11,393 
20,884 

12,681 
6,044 
8,700 
1,087 
3,121 

1,335 
16,060 

3,360 
14,748 
19,200 

993 
2,930 
16,861 
16,826 
18,148 

18,288 
3,206 

13,386 
6,174 

31,423 

2,603 
41,207 
10,142 
14,735 

4,210 

24,927 
21,521 
22,415 
23,880 
5,056 

20,030 
14,089 
49,474 
12,397 
1,333 

19,072 
23,754 
5,883 
11,614 
19,906 

12,827 
11,811 
8,869 
14,150 
17,522 

11,156 
6,380 
37,853 
17,447 
15,106 

15,783 
11,282 
7,826 
10,800 
20,338 

3,047 
73,096 

4,091 
61,874 

5,651 


1900 


16,643 

1,619 

30,156 

38,809 

9,234 

21,816 
15,079 
25,096 
3,682 
11,443 

8,626 
9,626 
3,469 
5,497 
21,354 

10,744 

2,441 

5,173 

422 

1,264 

493 

16,196 

1,426 

10,310 

17,591 

457 
2,032 
17,117 
17,533 
19,420 

18,104 
1,107 

10,663 
2,366 

27,387 

1,563 
40,940 

9,886 
16,689 

1,962 

25,074 
21,421 
20,676 
24,365 
1,581 

21,641 
14,647 
29,039 
11,967 
304 

20,376 
19,254 
4,535 
11,325 
23,669 

11,844 
11,182 
5,084 
14,442 
18,470 

7,085 

5,241 

29,027 

18,248 

14,745 

13,828 
7,960 
6,134 
8,489 

17,076 

1,098 

44,037 

822 

53,727 

3,819 


1890 


15,856 
2,549 
34,478 
30,286 
8,414 

22,273 
13,535 
23,961 
3,600 
12,216 

7,942 
9,272 
3,360 
5,308 
20,279 

10,423 
2,994 
5,029 
1,308 
2,415 

1,264 
16,309 

2,027 
13,266 
17,601 

1,077 
2,395 
14,626 
16,620 
19,349 

17,385 
1,571 

11,823 
2,873 

27,586 

2,060 
38,486 

9,709 
17,215 

3,384 

23,196 
21,614 
20,539 
23,912 
2,542 

19,614 
15,037 
23,104 
11,381 
724 

19,249 
18,561 
4,944 
10,617 
25,062 

12,083 
12,581 
5,204 
13,661 
17,722 

8,118 
6,756 
27,079 
19,002 
14, 451 

13,183 
8,018 
5,204 
7,333 

17,442 

1,262 
43,626 

1,503 
49, 172 

3,733 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


-8.6 
102.7 
5.4 
31.9 
-2.8 

11.7 
-4.4 
-1.5 
91.0 
-11.5 

41.1 
8.5 

99.1 
107.3 
-2.2 

18.0 
147.6 

68.2 
167.6 
146.9 

170.8 
-0.8 
135.6 
43.0 
9.1 

117.3 
44.2 
-1.6 

-9.7 
-6.5 

1.0 
189.6 

25.5 
161.1 

14.7 

66.5 

0.7 

2.6 

-11.7 

116.1 

-0.6 

0.5 

8.4 

-2.0 

219.7 

-7.4 

-3.8 

70.4 

3.6 

338.5 

-6.4 

23.4 

29.7 

2.6 

-15.9 

8.3 

5.6 

74.3 

-2.0 

-5.1 

57.5 
21.7 
30.4 
-4.4 
2.4 

14.1 
41.7 
27.6 
27.2 
19.1 

177.6 
66.0 

397.7 
15.2 
48.0 


1  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

3  State  total  includes  population  (1,012)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties;  also  population  (881)  of  Garfield  County, 
annexed  to  Finney  County  in  1893.  * 

)  For  changes  m  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


38 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,   1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

.  [Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


EAKSAS— Con. 

Sherman 

Smith 

Stafford 

Stanton 

Stevens 

Simmer 

Thomas 

Trego 

Wabavmsee 

Wallace 

Washington , 

Wichita , 

Wilson 

Woodson 

Wyandotte 


KENTTTCKY... 


Adair 

AUen 

Anderson. 
Ballard... 
Barren — 


Bath 

Bell 

Boone 

Bourbon. 
Boyd 


Boyle 

Bracken 

Breathitt 

Breckinridge. 
BulUtt 


Butler 

Caldwell.. 
Calloway.. 
Campbell. 
Carlisle.... 


Carroll... 

Carter 

Casey 

Christian. 
Clark.... 


Clay 

Clhiton 

Crittenden.., 
Cumberland. 
Daviess 


Edmonson. 

Elliott 

EstUU 

Fayette 

Fleming... 


Floyd 

Franklin. 
Fulton... 
Gallatin.. 
Garrard.. 


Grant 

Graves. . . 
Grayson. 

Green 

Greenup. 


Hancock . 
Hardin... 
Harlan... 
Harrison. 
Hart 


Henderson. 

Henry 

Hickman . . 
Hopkins... 
Jackson 


Jefferson.. 
Jessamine. 
Johnson... 
Kenton . . . 
Knott 


I^and 
area  in 
square 
miles: 
1910 


1,049 
888 
796 
685 
729 

1,179 

1,065 

899 

795 

921 

902 
721 
681 
603 
143 


40,181 


400 
394 
201 
252 
486 

270 
384 
251 
304 
169 

186 
204 
483 
668 


417 
322 
412 
145 
198 

132 
413 
379 
726 
265 

478 
233 
391 
387 
478 


263 
254 
269 
325 

399 
199 
193 
109 
237 

264 
551 
497 
279 
346 

193 
606 
478 
311 
430 

435 
303 
225 
646 
333 

387 
172 
268 
163 
348 


POPULATION. 


1910 


4,549 
15,365 
12, 510 
1,034 
2,453 

30,654 
5,455 
5,398 

12,721 
2,759 

20,229 
2,006 

19,810 

9,450 

100,068 


2,289,906 


16,503 
14,882 
10,146 
12,690 
25,293 

13,988 
28,447 
9,420 
17,462 
23,444 

14,668 
10,308 
17,540 
21,034 
9,487 

15,805 
14,063 
19,867 
59,369 
9,048 

8,110 
21,966 
15,479 
38,845 
17,987 

17,789 
8,153 

13,296 
9,846 

41,020 

10,469 
9,814 
12,273 
47, 715 
16,066 

18,623 
21,135 
14, 114 
4,697 
11,894 

10,581 
33,539 
19,958 
11,871 
18, 475 

8,612 
22,696 
10,566 
16,873 
18,173 

29,352 
13,716 
11,750 
34,291 
10, 734 

262,920 
12,613 
17,482 
70,356 
10,791 


1900 


3,341 

16,384 

9,829 

327 

620 

25,631 
4,112 
2,722 

12,813 
1,178 

21,963 
1,197 
15, 621 
10,022 
73,227 


2,147,174 


14,888 
14,657 
10,061 
10,761 
23, 197 

14,734 
15, 701 
11, 170 
18,069 
18,834 

13,817 
12, 137 
14,322 
20,534 
9,602 

15,896 
14,510 
17,633 
64,223 
10, 196 

9,825 
20,228 
15, 144 
37,962 
16,694 

15,364 
7,871 

15,191 
8,962 

38,667 

10,080 
10,387 
11,669 
42,071 
17,074 

16,552 
20,852 
11,546 
5,163 
12,042 

13,239 
33,204 
19,878 
12,255 
15,432 

8,914 
22,937 

9,838 

'  18,570 

18,390 

32.907 
14,620 
11,745 
30,995 
10,561 

232,549 
11,925 
13,730 
63,591 
8,704 


1890 


5,261 
15, 613 
8,520 
1,031 
1,418 

30, 271 
6,538 
2,535 

11,720 
2,468 

22,894 
1,827 

15,286 
9,021 

54,407 


1,868,635 


13, 721 
13, 692 
10,610 
8,390 
21,490 

12,813 
10,312 
12,246 
16,976 
14,033 

12,948 
12, 369 

8,705 
18,976 

8,291 

13,956 
13,186 
14,675 
44,208 
7,612 

9,266 
17,204 
11,848 
34,118 
15, 434 

12, 447 
7,047 

13, 119 
8,462 

33,120 

8,006 
9,214 
10,836 
36,698 
16,078 

11,256 
21,267 
10,005 
4,611 
11,138 

12,671 
28,534 
18,688 
11,463 
11,911 

9,214 
21,304 

6,197 
16,914 
16,439 

29,536 
14,164 
11,637 
23,505 
8,261 

188,598 
11,248 
11,027 
54,161 
6,438 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCSEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


36.2 
-6.2 

27.3 
216.2 
295.6 

19.6 
32.7 
98.3 
-0.7 
134.2 

-7.9 
67.6 
26.8 

-5.7 
36.7 


6.6 


10.8 
1.5 
0.9 

17.9 
9.0 

-5.1 

81.2 

-15.7 

-3.4 
24.5 

6.2 

-15.1 

22.5 

2.4 

-1.2 

-0.6 

-3.1 

12.7 

9.5 

-11.3 

-17.5 
8.6 
2.2 
2.3 

7.7 

15.8 
3.6 
-12.5 
9.9 
6.1 

3.9 

-5.6 

5.2 

13.4 

-5.9 

19.7 
1.4 

22.2 
-9.0 
-1.2 

-20.1 

1.0 

0.4 

-3.1 

19.7 

-4.5 
-1.1 
7.4 
-9.1 
-1.2 

-10.8 

-6.2 

(») 

10.6 

1.6 

13.1 
5.8 
27.3 
10.6 
24.0 


1890- 
1900 


-36.5 

4.9 

15.4 

-68.3 

-56.3 

-15.3 

-25.7 

7.4 

9.3 

-52.3 

-4.1 

-34.5 

2.2 

11.1 

34.6 


1S.5 


8.5 
7.0 
-5.3 
28.3 
7.9 

15.0 
62.3 
-8.8 
6.4 
34.2 

6.7 

-1.9 

64.5 

8.2 

16.8 

13.9 
10.0 
20.2 
22.7 
33.9 

6.0 
17.6 
27.8 
11.3 

8.2 

23.4 
11.7 
16.8 
6.0 
16.7 

25.9 
12.7 

7.7 
17.9 

6.2 

38.2 
-2.0 
15.4 
12.0 
8.1 

4.6 
16.4 
6.4 
6.9 
29.6 

-3.3 

7.7 
58.8 

9.8 
11.9 

11.4 
3.2 
0.9 
31.9 
27.8 

23.3 
6.0 
24.5 
17.4 
60.1 


KENTXJCKy 
Con. 

Knox 

Larue 

Laurel 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Leslie 

Letcher 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Logan 

Lyon 

McCracken 

McLean 

Madison 

Magoffin 

Marion 

Marshall 

Martin 

Mason 

Meade 

Menifee 

Mercer 

Metcalfe 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Muhlenberg 

Nelson 

Nicholas 

Ohio 

Oldham 

Owen 

Owsley 

Pendleton 

Perry 

Pike 

PowelU 

Pulaski 

Robertson 

Rockcastle 

Rowan 

Russell 

Scott 

Shelby 

Simpson 

Spencer 

Taylor 

Todd 

Trigg 

Trimble 

Union 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Whitley 

Wolfe 

Woodford 


LOUISIANA  3. 


Acadia 

Ascension. . . 
Assumption. 
Avoyelles . . . 
Bienville 


Bossier... 
Caddo.... 
Calcasieu. 
Caldwell . 
Cameron . 


Catahoula" 

Claiborne 

Concordia 

DeSoto 

East  Baton  Rouge. . 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1010 


366 
288 
447 
422 
199 

373 
355 
491 
338 
392 

643 
277 
239 
263 
446 

302 
346 
327 
227 
227 

301 
203 
263 
303 
441 

198 
365 
472 
411 
208 

584 
180 
367 
216 
279 

335 
779 
181 
779 
109 

310 
272 
329 


216 
186 
279 
367 
428 

154 
325 
530 
299 
690 

344 
686 
230 
195 


45,409 


647 
291 
484 
847 


3,650 

631 

1,501 

718 
778 
714 
87B 
465 


POPULATION. 


1910 


1,656,388 


31,847 
23,887 
24,128 
34, 102 
21, 776 

21,738 
68,200 
62,767 
8,593 
4,288 

10,415 
25,050 
14,278 
27,689 
34,580 


1900 


17,372 
10,764 
17,592 
19,612 
7,988 

6,753 
9,172 
17,868 
17,069 
11,354 

25,994 
9,319 
28,733 
12,448 
26,607 

12,006 
16,290 
13, 692 
5,780 
20,446 

10,533 
6,818 

14,426 
9,988 

13,053 

12,834 
12,792 
20,741 
16,587 
11,962 

27,287 
7,078 

17,553 
6,874 

14,947 

8,276 
22,686 

6,443 
31,293 

4,900 

12,416 

8,277 
9,695 
18,076 
18,340 

11,624 
7,406 
11,076 
17,371 
14,073 

7,272 
21,326 

29,970 
14, 182 
14,892 

20,097 
26,015 
8,764 
13,134 


1,381,625 


23,483 
24, 142 
21,620 
29,701 
17,688 

24,153 
44, 499 
30,428 
6,917 
3,962 

16,361 
23,029 
13, 559 
25,063 
31,163 


1890 


13,762 
9,433 
13,747 
17,702 
6,205 

3,964 
6,920 
14,803 
15,  %2 
9,474 

23,812 
7,628 

21,051 
9,887 

24,348 

9,196 
15,648 
11,287 

4,209 
20,773 

9,484 
4,666 

15,034 
9,871 

10,989 

12,367 
11,249 
17,956 
16,417 
10,764 

22,946 
6,764 

17,676 
5,976 

16,346 

6,331 
17,378 

4,698 
25, 731 

4,684 

9,841 
6,129 
8,136 
16,546 
16, 521 

10,878 
6,760 
9,353 
16,814 
13,902 

7,140 
18,229 
30,158 
13,622 
12,852 

17,196 
17,590 
7,180 
12,380 


U,118,588 


13,231 
19,545 
19,629 
25. 112 
14, 108 

20,330 
31,555 
20,176 
5,814 
2,828 

12,002 
23,312 
14, 871 
19,860 
26,922 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCSEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


27.3 
-0.6 
13.0 
2.3 
19.3 

32.9 
15.8 

-5.5 
4.9 

—6.4 

-3.9 

1.1 

22.0 

6.4 

5.2 

13.7 
0.2 
16.2 
26.1 
-9.0 

-7.1 
-9.8 
-2.5 

4.7 
4.7 

0.3 
27.1 
37.9 

1.5 
-11.3 

1.3 

2.4 

-18.8 

16.1 

-19.8 

36.0 
39.6 
-2.7 
15.0 
-15.9 

16.6 
14.0 
12.0 
-6.2 
-1.6 

-1.4 
2.2 
8.0 

-5.1 
3.3 

-10.5 

-6.8 

2.0 

-1.7 

17.6 

4.4 
27.9 
12.6 
-4.3 


19.9 


35.6 
-1.1 
11.6 
14.8 
23.8 

-10.0 

30.8 

106.3 

24.2 

8.5 

-36.3 
8.8 
5.3 
10.5 
11.0 


1  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  63. 

2  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

>  Subdivisions  are  designated  as  parishes. 


*  State  total  includes  population  (1)  specially  enumerated  In  1890,  not  credited 
to  any  parish. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


39 


AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  COUNTIES  AND   EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,    1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  mhius  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 


LOTTISIAWA— 
Con. 

East  Carroll 

East  Feliciana 

Franklin 

Grant 

Iberia 

Iberville 

Jaclcson 

Jefferson 

La  Salle' 

Lafayette 

Lafourche 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Madison 

Morehouse 

Natchitoches 

Orleans 

Ouachita 

Plaquemines 

Polnte  Coupee 

Rapides 

Red  River 

Richland 

Sabine 

St.  Bernard 

St.  Charles 

St.  Helena 

St.  James 

St.  John  the  Baptist 
St.  Landry 

St.  Martin 

St.  Mary 

St.  Tammany 

Tangipahoa 

Tensas 

Terrebonne 

Union 

Vermilion 

Vernon 

Washington 

Webster 

West  Baton  Rouge.. 

West  Carroll 

West  Feliciana 

Winn 

MAIHE 

Androscoggin 

Aroostook 

Cumberland 

Franklhi 

Hancock 

Kennebec 

Elnox 

Lincoln 

Oxford 

Penobscot 

Piscataquis 

Sagadahoc 

Somerset 

Waldo 

Washington 

York 


MARYLAKD. 


Allegany 

Anne  Arundel . 

Baltimore 

Baltimore  city . 
Calvert 


Caroline . . . 

Carroll 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


420 
464 
630 
683 


584 
678 
425 
640 
279 

991 
472 
662 
650 
831 

1,289 
200 
642 

1,006 
576 

1,370 
400 
666 

1,020 
616 

296 
420 
254 
231 
1,645 

526 
632 
906 
790 
632 

1,756 

918 

1,213 

1,367 

665 

609 
214 
306 
362 
969 


29,890 


469 
6,453 

853 
1,789 

1,522 
879 
351 
467 

1,980 

3,268 

3,770 

260 

3,633 

724 

2,628 


9,941 


443 
432 
650 
30 
218 

319 
447 
377 
464 

57e 


POPULATION. 


1910 


11,637 
20,065 
11,989 
15,958 
31,262 

30,954 
13,818 
18,247 
9,402 
28,733 

33,111 
18,485 
10,627 
10,676 
18,786 

36,465 
339,075 
26,830 
12,524 
25,289 

44,545 
11,402 
15,769 
19,874 
6,277 

11,207 
9,172 
23,009 
14,338 
66,661 

23,070 
39,368 
18,917 
29,160 
17,060 

28,320 
20,461 
26,390 
17,384 
18,886 

19,186 
12,636 
6,249 
13,449 
18,357 


748,871 


59,822 
74,664 
112,014 
19, 119 

35,575 
62,863 
28,981 
18,216 

36,256 
86,285 
19,887 
18,574 

36,301 
23,383 
42,905 
68,526 


1,295,346 


62,411 
39,553 
122,349 
668,485 
10,326 

19,216 
33,934 
23,769 
16,386 
28,669 


1900 


11,373 
20,443 
8,890 
12,902 
29,015 

27,006 
9,119 
15,321 


22,825 

28,882 
15,898 
8,100 
12,322 
16,634 

33,216 
287,104 
20,947 
13,039 
25,777 

39,578 
11,648 
11,116 
15,421 
6,031 

9,072 
8,479 
20,197 
12,330 
62,906 

18,940 
34,146 
13,335 
17,625 
19,070 

24,464 
18,620 
20,706 
10,327 
9,628 

15,125 
10,286 

3,686 
15,994 

9,648 


694,466 


54,242 
60,744 
100,689 
18,444 

37,241 
59,117 
30,406 
19,669 

32,238 
76,246 
16,949 
20,330 

33,849 
24,186 
45,232 
64,885 


1,188,044 


53,694 
39,620 
90,755 
508,967 
10,223 

16,248 
33,860 
24,662 
17,662 
27,962 


1890 


12.362 
17,903 
6,900 
8,270 
20,997 

21,848 
7,463 
13,221 


15,966 

22,095 
14,763 
6,760 
14,135 
16,786 

25,836 
242,039 
17,985 
12,641 
19,613 

27,642 
11,318 
10,230 
9,390 
4,326 

7,737 
8,062 
15,715 
11,360 
40,260 

14,884 
22,416 
10,160 
12,655 
16,647 

20, 167 
17,304 
14,234 
6,903 
6,700 

12,466 
8,363 
3,748 

15,06:^ 
7,082 


661,086 


48,968 
49,589 
90,949 
17,053 

37,312 
57,012 
31,473 
21,996 

30,586 
72,865 
16,134 
19,452 

32,627 
27,759 
44,482 
62,829 


1,042,890 


41,671 

34,094 

72,909 

434,439 

9,860 

13,903 
32, 376 
25,851 
15, 191 
24,843 


PEE  CKNT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


2.3 

-1.9 

34.9 

23.7 

7.7 

14.6 
51.6 
19.1 


25.9 

14.6 
16.3 
31.2 
-13.4 
12.9 

9.8 
18.1 
23.3 
-3.9 
-1.9 

12.5 

-L3 

41.9 

28.9 

4.9 

23.5 
8.2 
13.9 
16.3 
26.0 

21.8 
15.3 
41.9 
66.4 
-10.6 

16.8 
10.4 
27.5 
68.3 
96.2 

26.8 
22.9 
69.6 
-15.9 
90.3 


6.9 


10.3 
22.9 
11.2 
3.7 

-4.5 

6.3 

-4.7 

-7.4 

12.6 
11.9 
17.3 
-8.6 

7.2 
-3.3 
-6.1 

5.6 


9.0 


16.2 
-0.2 

34.8 
9.7 
1.0 

18.3 

0.2 

-3.7 

-7.2 

2.5 


1890- 
1900 


-8.0 
14.2 

28.8 
56.0 
38.2 

23.6 
22.4 
15.9 


43.0 

30.7 

7.8 

40.4 

-12.8 

-0.9 

28.6 
18.6 
16.6 
4.0 
3L4 

43.2 
2.0 
8.7 
64.2 
16.3 

17.3 
6.2 

28.6 
8.6 

31.4 

27.3 
62.3 
3L3 
39.3 
14.6 

21.3 
7.0 
46.6 
74.9 
43.7 

21.3 
23.0 
-L7 
6.2 
36.2 


5.0 


10.8 
22.6 
10.7 
8.2 

-0.2 

3.7 

-3.4 

-10.6 

5.4 
4.6 
5.1 
4.5 

3.7 

-12.9 

L7 

3.3 


14.0 


29.2 
16.2 
24.6 
17.2 
3.7 

16.9 
4.6 
-4.6 
16.3 
12.6 


KARYLAITD— 

Con. 

Frederick 

Garrett 

Harford 

Howard 

Kent 

Montgomery 

Prince  Georges 

Queen  Annes 

St.  Marys 

Somerset 

Talbot 

Washington 

Wicomico 

Worcester 


KASSACEnSETTS 


Barnstable. 
Berkshire.. 

Bristol 

Dukes 

Essex 


Franklin.... 
Hampden'.. 
Hampshire'. 
Mlddtesex'.. 
Nantucket.. 


Norfolk'... 
Plymouth. 
Suffolk'... 
Worcester. 


MICEIOAK. 


Alcona. 
AL 


Alpena.. 
Antrim. 


Arenac. 
Baraga. 
Barry.. 
Bay.... 
Benzie. 


Berrien 

Branch 

Calhoun 

Cass 

Charlevoix ' 


Cheboygan. . 
Chippewa... 

Clare 

Clinton 

Crawford 


Delta 

Dickinson ' 

Eaton 

Emmet'.., 
Genesee... 


Gladwin 

Gogebic 

Grand  Traverse. 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale 


Houghton. 

Huron 

Ingham . . . 

Ionia 

Iosco 


Iron' 

Isabella 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo. 
Kalkaska.., 


Kent 

Keweenaw'. 

Lake 

Lapeer 

Leelanau'... 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


663 
685 
442 
250 
282 

621 
482 
366 
371 
331 

268 
469 
371 
496 


8,089 


409 
966 
567 
107 
497 

697 
636 
585 
832 
51 

410 

676 

61 

1,556 


S7,480 


684 
920 
833 
584 
476 

374 
917 
656 
443 
314 

569 
497 
693 
493 
411 

726 
1,573 
582 
671 
675 

1,1^ 
776 
571 
486 
666 

519 
1,133 
467 
579 
597 

1,019 
854 
553 
679 
570 

1,200 
572 
707 
562 
673 

860 
654 
679 
666 
338 


POPULATION. 


1910 


62,673 
20,105 

27,965 
16,106 
16,957 

32,089 
36,147 
16,839 
17,030 
26,455 

19,620 
49,617 
26,815 
21,841 


8,866,416 


27,542 

105,259 

318,573 

4,504 

436,477 

43,600 
231,369 

63,327 

669,915 

2,962 

187,506 
144,337 
731,388 
399,657 


8,810,178 


6,703 

7,675 

39,819 

19,965 

16,692 

9,640 
6,127 
22,633 
68,238 
10,638 

63,622 
25,605 
56,638 
20,624 
19, 157 

17,872 
24, 472 

9,240 
23,129 

3,934 

30,108 
20,524 
30,499 
18,561 
64,555 

8,413 
23,333 
23,784 
28,820 
29,673 


34,758 
53,310 
33,650 
9,753 

15,164 
23,029 
53,426 
60,427 
8,097 

159, 145 

7,156 

4,939 

26,033 

10,608 


1900 


61,920 
17,701 
28,269 
16,715 
18,786 

30,451 
29,898 
18,364 
17, 182 
25,923 

20,342 
45,133 
22,852 
20,865 


2,805,346 


27,826 
95,667 

252,029 
4,561 

357,030 

41,209 
175,603 

68,820 

565,696 

3,006 

151,639 
113,985 
611,417 
346,958 


8,480,988 


5,691 

6,868 

38,812 

18,254 

16,568 

9,821 
4,320 
22,514 
62,378 
9,685 

49,165 
27,811 
49,315 
20,876 
13,956 

15,516 
21,338 

8,360 
25,136 

2,943 

23,881 
17,890 
31,668 
15,931 
41,804 

6,564 
16,738 
20,479 
29,889 
29,865 

66,063 
34, 162 
39,818 
34,329 
10,246 

8,990 
22,784 
48,222 
44,310 

7,133 

129,714 

3,217 

4,957 

27,641 

10,556 


1890 


49,512 
14,213 
28,993 
16,269 
17,471 

27,185 
26,080 
18,461 
15,819 
24,155 

19,736 
39, 782 
19,930 
19,747 


>8,888,947 


29,172 
81,108 

186,465 
4,369 

299,995 

38,610 
135,713 

61,859 

431, 167 

3,268 

118,950 

92,700 

484,780 

280,787 


'8,098,890 


6,409 
1,238 
38,961 
15,581 
10,413 

6,683 
3,036 
23,783 
56,412 
5,237 

41,285 
26,791 
43,501 
20,953 
9,686 

11,986 
12,019 

7,558 
26,509 

2,962 

15,330 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCSEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


32,094 
8,756 
39,430 

4,208 
13,166 
13,355 
28,668 
30,660 

35,389 
28,545 
37,666 
32,801 
15,224 

4,432 
18,784 
45,031 
39,273 

6,160 

109,922 

2,894 

6,505 

29,213 

7,944 


L5 
13.6 
-LI 
-3.6 
-9.7 

5.4 
20.9 
-8.3 

-a  9 

2.1 

-3.5 
9.9 
17.3 
4.7 


20.0 


-LO 
10.0 
26.4 

-L2 
22.3 

6.8 
3L8 
7.7 
18.4 
-L6 

23.7 
26.6 
19.6 
15.2 


16.1 


0.2 
30.8 
2.6 
0.4 
-6.3 

-L8 
4L8 
0.5 
9.4 
9.8 

9.1 
-7.9 


14.8 

13.4 

-L2 

-0.4 

37.3 

44.1 

16.2 

29.6 

14.7 

77.6 

10.5 

10.6 

-8.0 

-6.2 

33.7 

-0.6 

26.1 

66.8 

14.7 

-3.7 

-L3 

16.6 

8L9 

64.4 

6.0 

28.2 

56.0 

39.4 

27.1 

16.1 

53.3 

-3.6 
—n  fl 

4.3 
— 9.B 

33.4 

L7 

33.9 

-2.3 

-4.8 

68.7 
1.1 
10.8 
36.4 
13.5 

22.7 
122.4 
-0.4 
-5.8 
0.5 


>  For  changes  In  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 
»  State  total  Includes  population  (4)  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  credited 
to  any  county. 


»  State  total  Includes  population  fl)  specially  enumerated  In  1890,  not  credited 
to  anv  county;  also,  population  (995)  of  Manitou  and  Isle  Royal  Counties,  annexed  to 
Charlevoix,  Leelanau,  and  Keweenaw  Counties  in  1896  and  1897. 


40 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND   POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


MICHIGAN— 
Con. 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Luce 

Mackinac 

Macomb 

Manistee 

Marquette! 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Menominee' 

Midland 

Missaukee 

Monroe 

Montcalm 

Montmorency 

Muskegon 

Newaygo 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Ogemaw 

Ontonagon 

Osceola 

Oscoda 

Otsego..; 

Ottawa 

Presque  Isle 

Roscommon 

Saginaw 

St.  Clair 

St.  Joseph 

Sanilac 

Schoolcraft 

Sliiawassee 

Tuscola 

Van  Buren 

Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Wexford 


KINNESOTA. 


Aitkin.... 

Anoka 

Becker 

Beltrami  1. 
Benton . . . 


Big  Stone.., 
Blue  Earth. 

Brown 

Carlton 

Carver 


Cassi 

Chippewa. . . 

Chisago 

Qay 

Clearwater'. 


Cook 

Cottonwood. 
Crow  Wingi. 

Dakota 

Dodge 


Douglas. . . 
Faribault. 
Fillmore.. 
Freeborn.. 
Goodhue.. 


Grant 

Hennepin. 
Houston . . 
Hubbard'. 
Isanti 


Itasca' 

Jackson 

Kanabec... 
Kandiyohi . 
Kittson'... 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 
1910 


743 
568 
920 
1,044 
472 

562 

1,870 

494 

571 

1,056 

529 
582 
573 
724 
661 

504 
851 
886 
543 
580 

1,333 
577 
676 
528 
565 

678 
538 
828 
710 
503 

976 

1,207 

657 

827 

617 
704 
620 

577 


80,858 


1,830 

459 

1,349 

3,822 

405 

491 
762 
612 
867 
376 

2,104 

591 

427 

1,043 

1,019 

1,498 
640 

1,057 
599 
440 

648 
719 
868 
735 
767 

553 
565 
570 
958 
442 

2,730 
702 
534 
801 

1,111 


POPXJLATIOK. 


1010 


47,907 

17, 736 

4,004 

9,249 

32,606 

26,688 
46,739 
21,832 
19,466 
25,648 

14,005 
10,606 
32,917 
32,069 
3,755 

40,577 
19,220 
49,576 
18,379 
8,907 

8,650 
17,889 
2,027 
6,552 
45,301 

11,249 
2,274 
89,290 
52,341 
25,499 

33,930 
8,681 
33,246 
34,913 

33,185 

44,714 

531,591 

20,769 


2,075,708 


10,371 
12,493 
18,840 
19,337 
11,615 

9,367 
29,337 
20,134 
17,559 
17,455 

11,620 
13,458 
13,637 
19,640 
6,870 

1,336 
12,651 
16,861 
25,171 
12,094 

17,669 
19.949 
25,680 
22,282 
31,637 

9,114 

333,480 

14,297 

9,831 
12,615 

17,208 
14,491 

6,461 
18,969 

9.669 


1900 


48,406 

19,664 

2,983 

7,703 

33,244 

27,856 
41,239 
18,885 
20,693 
27,046 

14,439 

9,308 

32,754 

32,754 

3,234 

37,036 

17,673 
44,792 
16,644 
7,765 

6,197 
17,859 
1,468 
6,175 
39,667 

8,821 

1,787 

81,222 

55,228 

23,889 

35,055 

7,889 

33,806 

35,890 

33,274 

47,761 

348, 793 

16,845 


21,761,394 


6,743 
11,313 
14,375 
11,030 

9,912 

8,731 
32,263 
19,787 
10,017 
17,544 

7,777 
12,499 
13,248 
17,942 


810 
12,069 
14,250 
21,733 
13,340 

17,964 
22,055 
28,238 
21.838 
31, 137 

8,935 

228,340 

15,400 

6,578 
11,676 

4,573 
14,793 

4,614 
18,416 

7,889 


1890 


48,448 
20,858 
2,455 
7,830 
31,813 

24,230 
39,521 
16,385 
19,697 
33,639 

10,657 
5,048 
32,337 
32,637 
1,487 

40,013 
20,476 
41,245 
15,698 
5,583 

3,756 

14,630 

1,904 

4,272 

35,358 

4,687 
2,033 
82,273 
52,105 
25,356 

32,589 
5,818 
30,952 
32,508 

30,541 

42,210 

257,114 

11,278 


n,310,283 


2,462 
9,884 
9,401 
312 
6,284 

5,722 
29,210 
15,817 

5,272 
16,532 

1,247 
8,555 
10,359 
11,517 


7,412 

8,852 

20,240 

10,864 

14,606 
16,708 
25,966 
17,962 
28,806 

6,875 
185,294 
14,653 
1,412 
7,607 

743 
8,924 
1,579 
13,997 
5,387 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


-1.0 

—9.8 

34.2 

20.1 

-1.9 

-4.2 
13.3 
15.6 
-5.9 
-5.2 

-3.0 
13.9 
0.5 

-2.1 
16.1 

9.6 
8.8 
10.7 
10.4 
14.7 

39.6 
0.2 

38.1 
6.1 

14.2 

27.5 
27.3 

9.9 
-5.2 

6.7 

-3.2 
10.0 
-1.8 
-2.7 

-0.3 
-6.4 
52.4 
23.3 


18.  S 


53.8 
10.4 
31.1 
75.3 
17.2 

7.3 
-9.1 

1.8 
75.3 
-0.5 

49.4 
7.7 
2.2 
9.5 


64.9 

4.8 

18.3 

15.8 

-9.3 

-1.6 

-9.5 

-9.1 

2.0 

1.6 

2.0 
46.0 
-7.2 
49.5 

8.1 

276.3 
-2.0 

40.0 
3.0 

22.6 


1890- 
1900 


-0.1 
-5.7 
21.5 
-1.6 
4.5 

15.0 
4.3 

15.3 

5.1 

-19.6 

35.5 

84.4 

1.3 

0.4 

117.5 

—7.4 

—13.7 

8.6 

6.0 

39.1 

65.0 
22.1 
—22.9 
44.5 
12.2 

88.2 

—12.1 

—1.3 

6.0 

—5.8 

7.6 
35.6 

9.4 
10.4 

8.9 
13.2 
35.7 
49.4 


88.3 


173.9 

14.5 

52.9 

« 2, 950. 3 

57.7 

52.6 

10.5 

25.1 

<83.0 

6.1 

«332.7 
46.1 
27.9 
65.8 


62.8 

61.0 

7.4 

22.8 

23.0 
32.0 

8.7 
21.6 

8.1 

30.0 
23.2 
5.1 
365.9 
63.6 

♦425.0 

65.8 
192.2 
31.6 
46.4 


MINNESOTA- 
Con. 
Koochiching'... 
Lac  qui  Parle... 

I-ake 

Le  Sueur 

Lincoln 

Lyon 

McLeod 

Mahnomen ' 

Marshall 

Martin 

Meeker 

Mille  Lacs 

Morrison 

Mower 

Murray 

Nicollet 

Nobles 

Norman' 

Olmsted 

Otter  Tail 

Pennington' 

Pine 

Pipestone 

Polk' 

Pope 

Ramsev 

Red  Lake' 

Redwood 

Renville 

Rice 

Rock 

Roseau ' 

St.  Louis 

Scott 

Sherburne 

Sibley 

Steams 

Steele 

Stevens 

Swift 

Todd 

Traverse 

Wabasha 

Wadena 

Waseca 

Washington 

Watonwan 

Wilkin 

Winona 

Wright 

Yellow  Medicine 


MISSISSIPPI.. 


Adams. 
Alcorn . . 
Amite.. 
Attala.. 
Benton. 


Bolivar 

Calhoun . . . 

Carroll 

Chickasaw. 
Choctaw... 

Claiborne.. 

Clarke 

Clay 

Coahoma.. 
Copiah 


Covington  > . 

De  Soto 

Forrest ' 

Franklin 

George' 


Land 
area  In 
square 
miles: 

1910 


3,141 

790 

2,099 

466 

535 

708 
496 
572 
1,788 
719 

621 
583 
1,143 
711 
704 

443 
722 
860 
666 
2,039 

607 
1,413 

469 
1,979 

693 

161 
432 
881 
978 
495 

492 
1,670 
6,503 

366 

448 

685 

1,362 

431 

564 
741 
957 
568 

541 
538 
431 
397 
434 

745 
637 
691 
749 


46,363 


426 
386 
714 
715 
396 

879 
679 
624 
501 
414 

489 
676 
408 
530 
769 

410 

475 
462 
547 
475 


POPT7LATION. 


1910 


6,431 
15,435 

8,011 
18,609 

9,874 

15,722 
18,691 
3,249 
16,338 
17,518 

17.022 
10,705 
24,053 
22,640 
11,755 

14,125 
15,210 
13,446 
22,497 
46,036 

9,376 
15,878 

9,553 
36.001 
12,746 

223,675 
6,564 
18,425 
23,123 

25,911 

10,222 
11,338 
163,274 
14,888 

8,136 
15,540 
47,733 
16,146 

8,293 
12,949 
23,407 

8,049 

18,554 
8,652 
13,466 
26,013 
11,382 

9,063 
33,398 
28,082 
15,406 


1,797,114 


25,265 
18,159 
22,954 
28.851 
10,245 

48,905 
17,726 
23,139 
22,846 
14,357 

17,403 
21,630 
20,203 
34,217 
35,914 

16,909 
23,130 
20,722 
15,193 
6,599 


1900 


14,289 
4,654 

20,234 
8,966 

14,591 
19,595 


15,698 
16,936 

17,753 
8,066 
22,891 
22,335 
11,911 

14,774 
14,932 
15,045 
23,119 
45,375 


11,546 

9,264 

35.429 

12,577 

170,554 
12,195 
17,261 
23,693 
26,080 

9,668 
6,994 
82,932 
15,147 

7,281 
16,862 
44,464 
16,524 

8,721 
13,503 
22,214 

7,573 

18,924 
7,921 
14,760 
27,808 
11,496 

8,080 
35,686 
29,157 
14,602 


1,661,270 


30,111 
14,987 
20,708 
26,248 
10,510 

35,427 
16,512 
22,116 
19,892 
13,036 

20,787 
17,741 
19,563 
26,293 
34,395 

13,076 
24, 751 


13,678 


1890 


10,382 
1,299 

19,057 
5,691 

9,501 
17,026 


9,130 
9,403 

15,456 
2,845 
13,325 
18,019 
6,692 

13,382 
7.958 
10,618 
19,806 
34,232 


4,052 
5,132 
30,192 
10,032 

139,796 


9,386 
17,099 
23,968 

6,817 


44,862 
13,831 

5,908 
15,199 
34,844 
13,232 

5,251 
10,161 
12,930 

4,516 

16,972 

4,053 

13,313 

25,992 

7,746 

4,346 
33,797 
24,164 

9,864 


1,289,600  16.8 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


190O- 
1910 


8.0 
72.1 
-8.0 
10.1 

7.8 
-4.6 


4.1 
3.4 

-4.1 

32.7 

5.1 

1.4 

-1.3 

-4.4 

L9 

-10.6 

-2.7 
L5 


37.5 
3.1 
L6 
L3 

31.1 

-46.2 

6.7 

-2.4 

-0.6 

5.7 
62.1 
96.9 
-1.7 

11.7 

-7.8 

7.4 

-2.3 

-4.9 

-4.1 

5.4 

6.3 

-2.0 
9.2 
-8.8 
-6.5 
-1.0 

12.2 

-6.4 

-3.7 

5.5 


26,031 
13,115 
18,198 
22,213 
10,585 

29,980 
14,688 
18,773 
19,891 
10,847 

14,516 
15,826 
18,607 
18,342 
30,233 

8,299 
24,183 


10,424 


-16.1 

21.2 

10.8 

9.9 

-2.5 

38.0 
7.4 
4.6 
14.9 
10.1 

-16.3 
21.9 

3.3 
30.1 

4.4 

29.3 
-6.5 


IM 


'  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 

» State  total  includes  population  (3,486  in  1900)  of  White  Earth  Indian  Reser- 
vation not  returned  by  coxmties  in  1900;  returned  in  1910  in  Becker,  Clearwater, 
and  Mahnomen  Coimties. 


•State  total  includes  population  (8,457)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 
*  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 
>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


41 


AREA    AND   POPULATION   OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS   IN  THE   UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


MISSISSIPPI- 

Con. 

Greene  I 

Grenada 

Hancock' 

Harrison 

Hinds 


Holmes... 
Issaquena. 
Itawamba. 
Jackson  > . . 
Jasper 


Jefferson 

Jefferson  Davis  > . 

Jones 

Kemper 

Lafayette 


Lamar  i 

Lauderdale . 
Lawrence ' . . 

Leake 

Lee 


Leflore... 
Lincoln . . 
Lowndes. 
Madison . , 
liarion'.. 


Marshall 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

Neshoba 

Newton 


Noxubee 

Oktibbeha... 

Panola 

Pearl  River « . 
Perry" 


Pike 

Pontotoc. 
Prentiss.. 
Quitman. 
Rankin.. 


Scott , 

Sharkey... 
Simpson.. 

Smith 

Sunflower. 


Tallahatchie. 

Tate 

Tippah 

Tishomingo.. 
Tunica 


Union 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Webster 


Wilkinson. 
Winston... 
Yalobusha. 
Yazoo 


UISSOTTRI. 


Adair 

Andrew.. 
Atchison. 
Audrain . . 
Barry 


Barton.... 
Bates...., 
Benton . . . 
Bollinger. 
Boone. 


Buchanan. 

Butler 

Caldwell.. 
Callaway.. 
Camden... 


Land 
area  In 
square 
miles: 

1910 


710 
442 
469 
1,013 
858 

834 
406 
529 
710 
667 

507 
404 
696 
752 
664 

495 
700 
418 
676 
448 

572 
578 
499 
725 
624 


661 
668 

682 
457 
696 
797 
644 

707 
494 
409 
396 
791 

697 
444 
675 
626 
690 

629 
400 
446 
428 
418 

412 

572 
877 
812 
416 

667 

697 

490 

1,038 


68,727 


571 
428 
528 
685 

784 

596 
870 
745 
609 


408 
699 
433 

808 
687 


POPULATION. 


1910 


6,050 
15,727 
11,207 
34,658 
63,726 

39,088 
10,560 
14,526 
15,451 
18,498 

18,221 
12,860 
29,885 
20,348 
21,883 

11,741 
46.919 
13,080 
18,298 
28,894 

36,290 
28,597 
30,703 
33,505 
15,509 

26,796 
35,178 
17,706 
17,980 
23,085 

28,503 
19,676 
31,274 
10,593 
7,685 

37,273 
19,688 
16,931 
11.593 
23,944 

16,723 
15,694 
17,201 
16,603 
28,787 

29,078 
19,714 
14,631 
13,067 
18,646 

18,997 
37,488 
48, §33 
14,709 
14,853 

18,075 
17, 139 
21,519 
46,672 


8,893,835 


22,700 
15,282 
13,604 
21,687 
23,869 

16, 747 
25,869 
14,881 
14,576 
30,533 

93,020 
20,624 
14,605 
24,400 
11,582 


1900 


6,795 
14,112 
11,886 
21,002 
52,577 

36,828 
10,400 
13,544 
16,513 
15,394 

21,292 


17,846 
20,492 
22,110 


38,150 
15,103 
17,360 
21,066 

23,834 
21,552 
29,095 
32,493 
13,501 

27,674 
31,216 
16,536 
12,726 
19,708 

30,846 
20,183 
29,027 
6,697 
14,683 

27,545 
18,274 
15,788 
5,435 
20,955 

14,316 
12,178 
12,800 
13,055 
16,084 

19,600 
20,618 
12,983 
10,124 
16,479 

16,522 
40,912 
49,216 
12,539 
13,619 

21,463 
14,124 
19,742 
43,948 


S,106,66< 


21,728 
17,332 
16,501 
21,160 
25,532 

18,253 
30,141 
16,556 
14,650 
28,642 

121,838 
16, 760 
16,656 
25,984 
13,113 


1890 


3,906 
14,974 

8,318 
12,481 
39,279 

30,970 
12,318 
11,708 
11,251 
14,786 

18,947 


8,333 
17.961 
20,553 


20,661 
12,318 
14,803 
20,040 

16,860 
17,012 
27,047 
27,321 
0,632 

26,043 
30,730 
14,450 
11,146 
16,625 

27,338 
17,604 
26,977 
2,957 
6,404 

21,203 
14,940 
13,679 
3,286 
17,922 

11,740 
8,382 
10,138 
10,635 
0,384 

14,361 
19,253 
12,951 
9,302 
12,158 

15,606 
33,164 
40,414 
9,817 
12,060 

17,592 
12,089 
16,629 
36,394 


>8,679,18< 


17,417 
16,000 
15,533 
22,074 
22,943 

18,604 
32,223 
14,973 
13,121 
26,043 

70,100 
10,164 
16, 162 
25.131 
10,040 


PEB  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


-11.0 

11.4 
-5.7 
65.0 
21.2 

6.1 

1.5 

7.3 

-6.4 

20.2 

-14.4 


67.5 
-0.7 
-1.0 


23.0 

-13.4 

5.4 

31.6 

62.3 
32.7 
5.5 
3.1 
15.5 

-3.2 
12.7 
7.1 
41.3 
17.1 

-7.6 

-2.5 

7.7 

58.2 

-47.7 

35.3 

7.7 

7.2 

113.3 

14.3 

16.8 
28.9 
34.4 
27.2 
79.0 

48.4 
-4.4 
12.7 
29.1 
13.2 

15.0 
-8.4 
-0.6 

17.3 
9.1 

-16.7 

21.3 

9.0 

6.2 


CO 


4.5 
-11.8 
-17.6 

2.5 
-6.5 

-8.3 
-14.2 
-10.1 

-0.5 
6.6 

-23.7 

23.0 

-12.3 

-6.1 

-11.7 


1890- 
1900 


74.0 
-6.8 
42.9 
68.3 
33.9 

18.9 
-15.6 
15.7 
46.8 
4.1 

U4 


114.2 
14.1 
7.6 


38.6 
22.6 
17.3 
0.6 

41.3 
20.3 
7.6 
18.0 
41.6 

6.3 
L6 
14.4 
14.2 
18.6 

12.8 
14.1 
7.6 
126.6 
126.1 

20.0 
22.3 
16.4 
65.4 
16.0 

21.9 
45.3 
26.3 
22.8 
71.4 

96.5 
7.1 
0.2 
8.8 

35.6 

5.9 
23.4 
21.8 
27.7 
12.0 

21.0 
16.8 
18.7 
20.8 


ICO 


24.8 

8.3 

6.2 

-4.1 

11.3 

-1.4 
-6.6 
10.6 
11.7 
10.0 

73.8 
65.0 
0.0 
3.4 
30.6 


mSSOTTRI- 

Con. 
Cape  Girardeau. 

Carroll 

Carter 

Cass 

Cedar 


Chariton . 
Christian. 
Clark.... 

Clav 

Clinton.., 


Cole 

Cooper... 
Crawford. 
Dade.... 
Dallas.... 


Davieis.. 
Dekalb.. 

Dent 

Douglas.. 
Dunklin. 


Franklin... 
Gasconade. 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 


Harrison. 
Henry... 
Hickory.. 

Holt 

Howard.. 


Howell.. 

Iron 

Jackson. 

Jasp 

Jefl 


Johnson... 

Knox 

Laclede... 
Lalayette. 
Lawrence. 


Lewis 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Livingston. 
McDonald . 


Macon . . . 
Madison. 
Maries. .. 
Marion . . 
Mercer... 


MiUer 

Misriosippi . . . 

Moniteau 

Monroe 

Montgomery . 


Morgan 

New  Madrid . 

Newton 

Nodaway 

Oregon 


Ozark 

Pemiscot. 

Perry 

Pettia.... 


Phelps.. 
Pike.... 
Platte.. 
Polk.... 
Pulaski. 


Putnam . . . 

Ralls 

Randolph . 

Ray 

Reynolds. . 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


580 
703 
506 
721 
498 

768 
653 
498 
402 
423 


558 
747 
501 
543 

664 
425 
746 
804 
630 

879 
614 
400 
667 
433 

721 
744 

407 
446 
468 

016 
663 
610 
635 
681 

831 
614 
763 
612 
600 

504 
607 
626 
631 
627 

809 
409 
520 
436 
453 

693 
413 
410 
666 
614 

614 
662 
622 
871 
778 

503 
746 
456 
462 
686 

670 
653 
415 
641 
642 

617 
481 
401 
666 
828 


POPULATION. 


1910 


27,621 
23,098 
5,504 
22,973 
16,080 

23.503 
15,832 
12,811 
20,302 
15,297 

21,967 
20.311 
13,576 
15, 613 
13,181 

17,606 
12,531 
13,245 
16,664 
30,328 

29,830 
12.847 
10,820 
63,831 
16, 744 

20,466 
27,242 
8,741 
14,639 
15,653 

21,065 

8,503 

283,522 

89,673 

27,878 

26,297 
12,403 
17,363 
30,154 
26,683 

15,514 
17,033 
25,263 
19,453 
13,639 

30,868 
11,273 
10,088 
30,672 
12,336 

16,717 
14,667 
14,375 
18,304 
16,604 

12,863 
19,488 
27, 136 
28,833 
14,681 

14,283 
11,926 
19,559 
14,898 
33,913 

15,796 
22,556 
14,429 
21,661 
11,438 

14,308 
12,913 
26,182 
21,451 
9,592 


1900 


24,315 
26,455 
6,706 
23,636 
16,923 

26,826 
16,939 
15,383 
18,903 
17,363 

20,578 
22,532 
12,959 
18,125 
13,903 

21,325 
14,418 
12.986 
16,802 
21,700 

30.581 
12,298 
20,554 
52, 713 
17,832 

24,398 
28,054 
9,985 
17,083 
18,337 

21,834 
8,716 
195, 193 
84,018 
25,712 

27.843 
13.479 
16,523 
31,679 
31,662 

16, 724 
18,352 
25,503 
22,302 
13,574 

33,018 
9,975 
9,616 
26,331 
14,706 

15,187 
11,837 
15,931 
19,716 
16,571 

12, 175 
11,280 
27,001 
32,938 
13,906 

14,096 
12, 145 
12,115 
15, 134 
32,438 

14,194 
25,744 
16, 193 
23,255 
10,394 

16,688 
12,287 
24,442 
24,805 
8,161 


1890 


>  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


22,060 
25,742 
4,659 
23,301 
15,620 

26,254 
14,017 
15,126 
19.856 
17,138 

17,281 
22,707 
11,961 
17,526 
12,647 

20,456 
14,539 
12,149 
14.111 
15,085 

28.056 
11,706 
19,018 
48,616 
17,876 

21,033 
28,235 
9,453 
15,409 
17,371 

18.618 

9,119 

160,510 

60,  .WO 

22,484 

28,132 
13,501 
14,701 
30,184 
26,228 

15,935 
18.346 
24, 121 
20,668 
11,283 

30,575 

9,268 

8,600 

26,233 

14,581 

14, 162 
10, 1.34 
15,630 
20,790 
16,850 

12,311 
9,317 
22,108 
30,914 
10,467 

13,080 

9,795 

5,975 

13,237 

31,151 

12,636 
26,321 
16,248 
20,339 
9,387 

15,365 
12,294 
24,893 
24,215 
6,803 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


13.6 
-12.7 
-17.9 
-2.8 
-5.0 

-12.4 
-6.5 

-16.7 

7.4 

-11.9 

6.7 
-9.9 

4.8 

-13.9 

-6.2 

-17.4 

-13.1 

2.0 

-0.8 

39.7 

-2.5 
4.5 

-18.2 
21.1 
-6.1 

-16.1 
-2.9 
-12.6 
-14.9 
-14.6 

-3.5 

-1.8 

45.3 

6.7 

8.4 

-6.6 

-8.0 

6.1 

-4.8 

-16.0 

-7.2 
-7.2 
-1.0 
-12.8 
-0.3 

-6.5 

13.0 

4.9 

16.1 

-16.1 

10.1 
23.0 
-9.8 
-7.2 
-5.8 

6.7 
72.8 
0.6 
-12.6 
6.6 

LS 

-1.8 

61.4 

-1.6 

4.6 

1L3 
-12.4 
-10.9 
-7.3 

10.0 

-14.3 
5.1 

7.1 

-13.5 

17.5 


'  State  total  includes  population  (1)  specially  enumerated  In  1800,  not  credited  to  any  county. 
•  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


42 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND   EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES:  1910,   1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


TablelS— C!on. 

COITNTT. 


MISSOTJRI- 

Con. 

Ripley 

St.  Charles 

St.Clair 

St.  Francois... 
St.  Louis 


8t.  Louis  city  . . 
Ste.  Genevieve . 

Saline 

Schuyler 

Scotland 


Boott 

Shannon.. 
Shelby.... 
Stoddard. 
Stone 


Sullivan. 
Taney... 

Texas 

Vernon.. 
Warren.. 


Washington . 

Wayne 

Webster 

Worth 

Wright 


MOKTANA. 


Beaverhead . . 
Brosidwater  * 

Carbon  < 

Cascade^ 

Chouteau  <-.. 


Custer  ■< 

Dawson< 

Deer  Lodge*. 

Fergus 

Flathead^. . . . 


Gallatin 

Granite* 

Jefferson* 

Lewis  and  Clark  * . 
Lincoln* 

Madison 

Meagher* 

Missoula* 

Park* 

Powell* 

RavaUi* 

Rosebud* 

Sanders* 

Silver  Bow* 

Sweet  Grass* 

Teton* 

VaUey* 

Yellowstone  * 


kebrase:a. 


Adams. . . 
Antelope. 
Banner.., 
Blaine... 
Boone 


Boxbutte. 

Boyd* 

Brown 

Buflalo... 
Burt 


Butler. 
Cass... 
Cedar.. 
Chase.. 
Cherry. 


Land 
area  In 
square 
miles: 

1910 


627 
535 
706 
458 
487 

61 
481 
754 
309 
439 

419 
992 
509 
815 
510 

649 
655 
1,159 
839 
410 

741 
775 
585 
265 
677 


1146,201 


4,719 
1,194 
2,438 
3,384 
15,972 

13,156 
13,231 
749 
9,078 
6,070 

2,513 
1,637 
1,650 
3,465 
3,530 

4,581 
3,766 
4,243 
2,675 
2,559 

2,447 
9,663 
2,859 


2,918 
7,581 
13,515 
5,729 


76,808 


565 
872 
742 
711 
692 

1,076 
535 

1,235 
945 
475 

583 
538 
735 
899 
5,979 


POPULATION. 


1910 


13,099 
24,695 
16,412 
35,738 
82,417 

687,029 
10,607 
29,448 
9,062 
11,869 

22,372 
11,443 
14,864 
27,807 
11,559 

18,598 
9,134 
21,458 
28,827 
9,123 

13,378 
15, 181 
17,377 
8,007 
18,315 


878,053 


6,446 
3,491 
13,962 
28,833 
17,191 

14,123 
12,725 
12,988 
17,385 
18,785 

14,079 
2,942 
5,601 

21,853 
3,638 

7,229 
4,190 
23,596 
10,731 
5,904 

11,666 
7,985 
3,713 

56,848 

4,029 
9,546 
13,630 
22,944 


1,192,214 


20,900 
14,003 
1,444 
1,672 
13,145 

6,131 
8,826 
6,083 
21,907 
12,726 

15,403 
19,786 
15, 191 
3,613 
10,414 


1900 


13,186 
24,474 
17,907 
24,051 
50,040 

575,238 
10,359 
33,703 
10,840 
13,232 

13,092 
11,247 
16, 167 
24,669 


20,282 
10,127 
22, 192 
31,619 
9,919 

14,263 
15,309 
16,640 
9,832 
17,519 


0  243,329 


5,615 
2,641 
7,533 
25,777 
10,966 

7,891 
2,443 
17,393 
6,937 
9,375 

9,553 
4,328 
5,330 
19, 171 


7,695 
2,526 
13,964 
7,341 


7,822 


47,635 

3,086 
5,080 
4,355 
6,212 


1,066,300 


18,840 
11,344 
1,114 
603 
11,689 

5,572 
7,332 
3,470 
20,254 
13,040 

15,703 
21,330 
12,467 
2,559 
6,541 


1890 


8,512 
22,977 
16,747 
17,347 
36,307 

451,770 
9,883 
33,762 
11,249 
12,674 

11,228 
8,898 
15,642 
17,327 
7,090 

19,000 
7,973 
19,406 
31,505 
9,913 

13,153 
11,927 
15, 177 
8,738 
14,484 


» 142,924 


4,655 


8,755 
4,741 

5,308 
2,056 
15, 155 
3,514 


6,246 


6,026 
19,145 


4,692 
4,749 
14,427 
6,881 


23,744 


2,065 


« 1,062,666 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


-a  7 

0.9 
-8.3 
48.6 
64.7 

19.4 

2.4 

-12.6 

-16.4 

-10.3 

70.9 
1.7 
-8.1 
12.7 
16.9 

-8.3 
-9.8 
-3.3 
-8.8 
-8.0 

-6.2 

-0.8 

4.4 

-18.6 

4.5 


64.S 


14.8 
32.2 
85.3 
11.9 
56.8 

79.0 
420.9 
-25.3 
150.6 
100.4 

47.4 

-32.0 

5.1 

14.0 


-6.1 
65.9 
69.0 
46.2 


19.3 

30.6 

87.9 

213.0 

269.3 


11.8 


24,303 
10,399 
2,435 
1,146 
8,683 

5,494 
695 

4,359 
22,162 
11,069 

15,454 
24,080 
7,028 
4,807 
6,428 


10.9 
23.4 
29.6 
177.3 
12.5 

10.0 
20.4 
75.3 
8.2 
-2.4 

-1.9 
-7.2 
21.8 
41.2 
59.2 


1890- 
1900 


54.9 
6.5 
6.9 
38.6 
37.8 

27.3 

4.8 

-0.2 

-3.6 

4.4 

16.6 
26.4 
3.4 
42.4 
39.5 

6.7 
27.0 
14.4 
0.4 
0.1 

8.4 
28.4 

9.6 
12.5 
2L0 


70.3 


194.4 

Moao 

S21.3 
18.8 
14.8 
97.4 


52.9 


-11.5 
0.1 


64.0 

-46.8 

-l&O 

6.7 


100.6 


200.8 


0.3 


-22.5 

9.1 

-54.3 

-47.4 

34.6 

1.4 

955.0 

-20.4 

-8.6 

17.8 

1.6 

-11.4 

77.4 

-46.8 

1.8 


Cheyenne* 1,194  4,551  5,570  5,693  -18.3  -2.2 

Clay 579  15,729  15,735  16,310  (')  -3.5 

CoUax 405  11,610  11,211  10,453            3.6  7.3 

Cuming 577  13,782  14,584  12,265  -5.5  18,9 

Custer 2,588  25,668  19,758  21,677          29.9  -8.9 

'  Includes  land  area  (181  square  miles)  of  that  part  of  Yellowstone  National 
Park  In  Montana.    No  population  reported. 

*  State  total  includes  population  (2,660)  of  Crow  Indian  Reservation,  not  re- 
turned by  counties  in  1900;  returned  in  19)0  in  Rosebud  and  Yellowstone  Counties. 

»  State  total  includes  population  (10,765)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1800,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

*  For  changes  In  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


NEBHASEA- 
Con. 

Dakota* 

Dawes 

Dawson 

Deuel* 

Dixon , 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Dundy , 

FiUmore 

Franklin , 


Frontier. 
Furnas... 


Garden*... 
Garfield... 

Gosper 

Grant 

Greeley... 
HaU 

Hamilton. 

Harlan 


Hitchcock . 

Holt 

Hooker 

Howard 

Jefferson... 

Johnson 

Kearney.., 
Keith 

Keyapaha. 
Kimball... 

Knox 

Lancaster.. 
Lincoln 


Logan 

Loup 

McPherson*. 

Madison 

Merrick 


Morrill*. . 
Nance.... 
Nemaha. . 
Nuckolls. 
Otoe 


Pawnee. 
Perkins. 
Phelps.. 
Pierce... 
Platte... 


Polk 

Red  willow.. 
Richardson. 

Rock 

Saline 


Sarpy 

Saunders 

Scotts  Bluff. 

Seward 

Sheridan 


Sherman 

Sioux 

Stanton 

Thayer 

Thomas 

Thurston 

Valley 

Washington. 


Wayne... 
Webster. 
Wheeler., 
York 


NEVADA. 


Churchill... 

Clark* 

Douglas 

Elko 

Esmeralda. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


253 
1,402 
985 
439 
472 

531 
331 
927 
576 

578 

975 
721 
862 
1,652 
575 

464 
726 
571 
528 
538 

574 
722 
724 
2,393 
722 

561 
578 
374 
516 
1,068 

775 
958 

1,114 
853 

2,536 

573 
576 
1,674 
576 
463 

1,417 
446 
389 
579 
606 

431 
886 
538 
577 
673 

430 
720 
545 
1,004 
573 

240 
756 
723 
674 
2,469 

573 

2,055 

431 

578 

716 
387 
570 
380 

450 
678 
578 
575 


109,821 


6,050 
8,046 
733 
17,059 
7,432 


POPULATION. 


1910 


6,564 
8,254 

15,961 
1,786 

11,477 

22,145 
168,546 
4,098 
14,674 
10,303 

8,672 
12,083 
30,325 
3,538 
3,417 

4,933 

1,097 

8,047 

20,361 

13,459 

9,578 
3,011 
5,415 
15,545 
981 

10,783 
16,852 
10, 187 
9,106 
3,692 

3,452 

1,942 

18,358 

73,793 

15,684 

1,521 
2,188 
2,470 
19, 101 
10,379 

4,584 
8,926 
13,095 
13,019 
19,323 

10,682 
2,670 
10,451 
10,122 
19,006 

10,521 
11,056 
17,448 
3,627 
17,866 

9,274 
21,179 

8,355 
15,895 

7,328 

8,278 
5,599 
7,542 
14,775 

1,191 
8,704 
9,480 
12,738 

10,397 
12,008 
2,292 
18,721 


81,876 


2,811 
3,321 
1,895 
8,133 
9,369 


1900 


6,286 
6,215 

12,214 
2,630 

10,535 

22,298 
140,590 

2,434 
15,087 

9,455 

8,781 
12,373 
30,051 


2,127 

6,301 
763 

5,691 
17,206 
13,330 

9,370 
2,708 
4,409 
12,224 
432 

10,343 
15,196 
11,197 
9,866 
1,951 

3,076 

758 

14,343 

64,836 

11,416 

960 
1,306 

517 
16, 976 
9,255 


8,222 
14,952 
12,414 
22,288 

11,770 
1,702 

10, 772 
8,446 

17,747 


42,336 


1,534 
5,688 
1,972 


1890 


5,386 
9,722 
10, 129 
2,893 
8,084 

19,260 
158,008 

4,012 
16,022 

7,693 

8,497 
9,840 
36,344 


1,659 

4,816 
458 

4,869 
16,513 
14,096 

8,158 
3,953 
5,799 
13,672 
426 

9,430 
14,850 
10,333 
9,061 
2,556 

3,920 
959 

8,582 
76,395 
10,441 

1,378 
1,662 
401 
13,669 
8,768 


5,773 
12,930 
11,417 
25,403 

10,340 
4,364 
9,869 
4,864 

15,437 


10,542 
9,604 

19,614 
2,809 

18,252 

10,817 
8,837 

17,574 
3,083 

20,097 

9,080 
22,085 

2,552 
15,690 

6,033 

6,875 
21,577 

1,888 
16,140 

8,687 

6,550 
2,055 
6,959 
14,325 

6,399 
2,452 
4,619 
12,738 

628 
6,517 
7,339 
13.086 

517 
3,176 
7,092 
11,869 

9,862 
11,619 

1,362 
18,205 

6,169 
11,210 

1,683 
17,279 

8  47,366 


703 


1,551 
4.794 
2,148 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


4.4 

32.8 

30.7 

-32.1 

8.9 

-0.7 
19.9 
68.4 

-2.7 
9.0 

-2.4 

-2.3 

0.9 


60.6 

-6.9 
43.8 
41.4 
18.3 
1.0 

2.2 
11.2 
22.8 
27.2 
127.1 

4.3 
10.9 
-9.0 

-7.7 
.89.2 

12.2 
156.2 
28.0 
13.8 
37.4 

58.4 
67.7 
377.8 
12.5 
12.1 


8.6 
-12.4 

4.9 
-13.3 

-10.1 

51.0 

-3.0 

19.9 

7.1 

-0.2 

15.1 

-11.0 

29.1 

-2.1 

2.1 
-4.1 
227.4 

1.3 
21.5 

26.4 

172.5 

8.4 

3.1 

89.6 
33.6 
29.2 
-2.7 

5.4 
3.3 
68.3 
2.8 


93.4 


23.5 

43.0 

375.1 


s  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

6  State  total  Includes  population  (3,746)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated In  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties;  also  population  (91)  of  Arthur  County, 
annexed  to  McPherson  County  between  1890  and  1900. 

'  A  decrease  of  less  than  one-tenth  o  f  1  j^er  cent. 

estate  total  includes  population  (1,594)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


43 


AREA  AND   POPULATION    OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT   SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


WEVADA— Con 

Eureka 

Humboldt 

Lander 

Lincoln ' 

Lyon 

Nye 

Ormsby 

Storey 

Washoe 

White  Pine 


jr.  HAHPSHIKE 

Belknap 

Carroll 

Cheshire 

Coos 

Orafton 

Hillsborough 

Merrimack 

Rockingham 

Strafford 

Sullivan 


ITEW  JEKSET 

Atlantic 

Bermn 

Burlington'  ...... 

Camden 

Cape  May 

Cumberland 

Essex 

Gloucester 

Hudson 

Hunterdon 

Mercer 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Morris 

Ocean» 

Passaic 

Salem 

Somerset 

Sussex 

Union 

Warren 


ITEW  MEXICO. 


Bernalillo'  . 

Chaves' 

Colfox' 

Curry' 

Dona  Aha' 


Eddy»  .... 

Grant' 

Guadalupe ' 
Lincoln'  .. 
Luna' 


MoEJnleyi 
Mora'.... 
Otero'  ... 
Quay'  ... 


Rio  Arriba' 
Roosevelt'  . 
San  Juan ' . . 
San  Miguel ' 
Sandoval' .. 
Santa  Fe' .. 

Sierra 

Socorro' 

Taos 

Torrance'  .. 

Union' 

Valencia'  .. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


4,157 
15,857 

6,721 
10,511 

1,509 

18,294 

156 

251 

6,251 

8,795 


9,081 


397 

955 

728 

1,798 

1,729 


932 
691 
379 
527 


7,514 


569 
237 
815 
222 
265 

500 
127 
332 
43 

437 
226 
312 
479 

475 
C37 
196 
343 

305 
529 
103 
362 


1S8,603 


1,214 
9,408 
3,798 
1,406 
3,821 

6,923 
7,428 
3,987 
4,779 
2,976 

6,506 
2,571 
6,689 
2,905 


POPULATION. 


1910 


1,830 
6,825 
1,786 
3,489 
3,568 

7,513 
3,415 
3,045 
17,434 

7,441 


480,572 


21,309 
16,316 
30,659 
30,753 
41,652 

126,072 
53,336 
52,188 
38,951 
19,337 


8,637,167 


71,804 
138,002 

66,565 
142,029 

19,745 

55,153 
512,886 

37,368 
537,231 

33,560 
125,657 
114,426 

94,734 

74,704 
21,318 
215,902 
26,999 

38,820 
26,781 
140, 197 
43, 187 


327,301 


23.606 
16,850 
16,460 
11,443 
12,893 

12,400 
14,813 
10,927 
7,822 
3,913 

12,963 
12,611 
7,069 
14,912 


1900 


1,954 
4,463 
1,534 
3,284 
2,268 

1,140 
2,893 
3,673 
9,141 
1,961 


411,688 


19,526 
16,895 
31,321 
29,468 
40,844 

112,640 
52,430 
51,118 
39,337 
18,009 


1,883,660 


46,402 
78,441 
58,241 
107,643 
13,201 

51,193 
359,053 

31,905 
386,048 

34,507 
95,366 
79,762 
82,057 

65,156 
19,747 
155,202 
25,530 

32,948 
24,134 
99,353 
37,781 


196,310 


28,630 
4,773 
10,150 


10,187 

3,229 
12,883 
5,429 
4,953 


10,304 
4,791 


13,777 


4,828 
22,053 


14,658 
3,158 
12,195 

10,889 


4,528 
13,895 


1890 


3,275 
3,434 
2,266 
2.466 
1,987 

1,290 
4,883 
8,806 
6,437 
1,721 


376,680 


20,321 
18,124 
29,579 
23,211 
37,217 

93,247 
49,436 
49,660 
38,442 
17,304 


1,444,038 


28,836 
47,226 
58,528 
87,687 
11,268 

45,438 
266,096 

28,640 
275,126 

35,355 
79,978 
61.764 
69,128 

54,101 

15,974 

105,046 

25,161 

28,311 
22,259 
72.467 
36,553 


9160,282 


20,913 


7,974 

'o,'i9i 


9,657 


7,081 


10,618 


11,534 


1,890 
24,204 


13,562 
3,630 
9,595 

9,868 


13,876 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


-6.3 
52.9 
16.4 
6.2 
57.3 

550.0 

18.0 

-17.1 

90.7 

279.4 


4.6 


9.1 

-3.4 

-2.1 

4.4 

2.0 

11.9 

1.7 

2.1 

-1.0 

7.4 


84.7 


54.9 
75.9 
14.3 
31.9 
49.6 

7.7 
42.8 
17.1 
39.2 

-2.7 
31.8 
43.5 
16.4 

14.7 
8.0 

39.1 
6.8 

17.8 
11.0 
41.1 
14.3 


67.6 


-17.5 
253.0 
62.2 


26.6 

284.0 
15.0 

101.3 
57.9 


22.4 
47.5 


20.7 


76.1 
4.0 


0.8 
12.0 
21.0 

10.3 


151.9 
-4.1 


1890- 
1900 


-40.3 

30.0 

-32.3 

»27.6 

14.1 

-11.6 
-40.8 
-58.3 
»31.1 
13.9 


9.8 


-3.9 

-6.8 

6.0 

27.0 

0.7 

20.8 
6.1 
3.0 
2.3 
4.1 


80.4 


60.0 
66.1 
-0.6 
22.8 
17.2 

12.7 
40.2 
11.4 
40.3 

-2.4 
19.2 
29.2 
18.7 

20.4 

23.6 

47.7 

1.6 

16.4 
8.4 

37.1 
3.4 


81.9 


27.3 

io.'s 


33.4 


-3.0 


»12.3 


«6ao 

-8.9 


8.1 

-13.0 

27.1 

10.3 


0.1 


1  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 
'  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

'  State  total  includes  population  (6,689)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 


NEW  YORK . . . 


Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus. 
Cayuga 


Chautauqua. 

Chemung 

Chenango.... 

Clinton 

Columbia 


Cortland., 
Delaware. 
Dutchess., 

Erie 

Essex 


Franklin.. 
Fulton.... 
Genesee... 

Greene 

Hamilton. 


Herkimer.. 
Jefferson... 

Kings 

Lewis 

Lhingston. 


Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

Nassau' 

New  York '  . 


Nl 

Oneida. 
Onondaga. 
Ontario..., 
Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 


Putnam.. 
Queens  > , 


Rensselaer 

Richmond... 

Rockland 

St.  Lawrence. 
Saratoga 


Schenectady. 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 


Steuben. 
Suffolk.. 
Sullivan. 
Tioga... 


Tompkins... 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington. 


Wayne 

Westchester ' 

Wyoming 

Yates 


K.  CAROLINA. 


Alamance. . 
Alexander. 
Alleghany. 

Anson 

Ashe , 


Beaufort... 

Bertie 

Bladen 

Brunswick. 
Buncombe. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


47,664 


527 
1,047 

705 
1,343 

703 

1,069 
407 
804 

1,049 
644 

503 
1,449 

806 
1,034 
1,836 

1,678 
516 
496 
643 

1,700 

1,450 

1,274 

70 

1,270 

631 

660 
663 
398 
274 
63 

622 
1,250 
781 
649 
834 

396 
966 
1,009 
233 
105 

663 

48 

183 

2,701 

823 

206 
042 
336 
336 

1,401 
924 

1.002 
520 

476 

1,140 

879 

837 

599 
448 
601 
343 


48,740 


492 
289 
234 
556 
427 

840 
703 
1,004 
790 
639 


POPULATION. 


1910 


9,113,614 


173,666 
41,412 
78,809 
65,919 
67,106 

105,126 
54,662 
35,575 
48,230 
43,658 

29,249 
45,575 
87,661 
628,985 
33,458 

45,717 
44,534 
37,615 
30,214 
4,373 

56,356 
80,382 
1,634,351 
24,849 
38,037 

39,289 

283,212 

57,567 

83,930 

2,762,522 

92,036 
164, 157 
200,298 

52,286 
116,001 

32,000 
71,664 
47,216 
14,665 
284,041 

122,276 
85,969 
46,873 
89,006 
61,917 

88,235 
23,855 
14,004 
26,972 

83,362 
96,138 
33,808 
25,624 

33,647 
91,700 
32,223 

47,778 

60,179 

283,055 

31,880 

18,642 


2,206,287 


1900 


7,268,894 


28,712 
11,592 
7,745 
25,465 
19,074 

30,877 
23,039 
18,006 
14,432 
49,798 


165,571 
41,501 
69,149 
65,643 
66,234 

88,314 
54,063 
36,568 
47,430 
43,211 

27,576 
46,413 
81,670 
433,686 
30,707 

42,853 
42,842 
34,561 
31,478 
4,947 

51,049 

76, 748 

1,166,582 

27,427 

37,059 

40,545 

217.854 

47,488 

55,448 

2,050,600 

74,961 
132,800 
168,735 

49,605 
103,859 

30,164 
70,881 
48,939 
13,787 
152,999 

121,697 
67,021 
38,298 
89,083 
61,080 

46,852 
26,854 
15,811 
28,114 

82,822 
77,582, 
32,306 
27,951 

33,830 
88,422 
29,943 
45,624 

48,660 
184,257 
30,413 
20,318 


1,893,810 


1890 


<6,003,174 


25,665 
10,960 
7,759 
21,870 
19,581 

26,404 
20,538 
17,677 
12,657 
44,288 


164,555 
43,240 
62,973 
60,866 
65,302 

75,202 
48,265 
37, 776 
46,437 
46,172 

28,657 
45,496 
77,879 
322,981 
33,052 

38, 110 
37,650 
33,265 
31,598 
4,762 

45,608 
68,806 
838,547 
29,806 
37,801 

42,892 
189,586 
45,699 


1,515,301 

02, 491 
122,922 
146,247 
48,453 
97,850 

30,803 
71,883 
50,861 
14,849 
128,059 

124,511 
51,093 
35, 162 
85,048 
57,663 

29,797 
29,164 
16,711 
28,227 

81,473 
62,491 
31,031 
29,935 

32,923 
87,062 
27,866 
45,690 

49,729 
146,772 
31,193 
21,001 


'1,617,649 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCEEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


26.4 


18,271 

9,430 

6,523 

20,027 

15,628 

21,072 
19,176 
16,763 
10,900 
35,266 


4.9 
-0.2 
14.0 
0.4 
1.3 

19.0 
1.1 
-2.7 
1.7 
1.0 

6.1 
-L8 
7.3 
22.0 
9.0 

6.7 

3.0 

8.8 

-4.0 

-11.6 

10.4 
4.7 
40.1 
-0.4 
2.6 

-3.1 
30.0 
21.2 
51.4 
34.7 

22.8 
16.1 
18.7 
6.4 
11.7 

6.1 

1.1 

-3.6 

6.4 

85.6 

0.5 
28.3 
22.4 
-0.1 

1.4 

8&3 
-11.2 
-11.4 
-4.1 

0.7 
23.0 
4.6 

-as 

-0.5 
3.8 
7.6 
4.7 

3.1 
63.6 
4.8 

-8.2 


16.6 


11.9 

5.8 

-0.2 

16.4 
-2.6 

16.9 
12.2 
1.9 
14.0 
12.4 


«  State  total  includes  population  (5,321)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

6  State  total  includes  population  (2)  specially  enumerated  in  1890  not  credited  to 
any  county. 


44 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN   THE   UNITED   STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Tabic  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


N.  CAROUNA- 
Con. 

Burke 

Cabarrus 

Caldwell 

Camden 

Carteret 


Caswell... 
Catawba. . 
Chatham'. 
Cherokee. . 
Chowan. . . 


Clay 

Cleveland... 
Columbus. . . 

Craven 

Cumberland. 


Currituck. 

Dare 

Davidson. 

Davie 

Duplin.... 


Durham 

Edgecombe. 

Forsyth 

Franklin 

Gaston 


Gates 

Graham... 
Granville. 

Greene 

Guilford.., 


Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood.. 
Henderson. 
Hertford... 


Hyde 

Iredell... 
Jackson.. 
Johnston. 
Jones 


Lee» 

Lenoir 

Lincoln... 
McDowell. 
Macon 


Madison 

Martin 

Mecklenburg. 

Mitchell 

Montgomery. 


Moore> 

Nash 

New  Hanover. 
Northampton . 
Onslow 


Orange 

Pamlico 

Pasquotank. 

Pender 

Perquimans. 


Person 

Pitt 

Polk 

Randolph... 
Richmond*. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 
1910 


534 
390 
512 
220 
573 


696 
454 
165 

220 
488 
933 
660 
1,013 

292 
377 
569 
258 
783 

291 
509 
376 
468 
371 

359 
298 
503 
252 


676 
595 
546 
358 
341 


494 
C94 
417 

261 
397 
299 
443 
513 

436 
438 
597 
371 
498 

639 
586 
216 
504 
743 

390 
350 
223 
815 
252 

391 
627 
251 
803 
521 


POPULATION. 


1910 


21,408 
26,240 
20,579 
5,640 
13,776 

14,858 
27,918 
22,635 
14,136 
11,303 

3,909 
29,494 
28,020 
25,594 
35,284 

7,693 
4,841 
29,404 
13,394 
25,442 

35,276 
32,010 
47,311 
24,692 
37,063 

10,455 
4,749 
25,102 
13,083 
60,497 

37,646 
22,174 
21,020 
16,262 
15,436 

8,840 
34,315 
12,998 
41,401 

8,721 

11,376 
22,769 
17,132 
13,538 
12,191 

20,132 
17,797 
67,031 
17,245 
14,967 

17,010 
33,727 
32,037 
22,323 
14,125 

15,064 
9,966 
16,693 
15.471 
11,054 

17,356 
36,340 
7,640 
29,491 
19,673 


1900 


17,699 
22,456 
15,694 
5,474 
11,811 

15,028 
22,133 
23,912 
11,860 
10,258 

4,532 
25,078 
21,274 
24,160 
29,249 

6,529 
4,757 
23,403 
12,115 
22,405 

26,233 
26,591 
35,261 
25,116 
27,903 

10,413 
4,343 
23,263 
12,038 
39,074 

30,793 
15,988 
16,222 
14,104 
14,294 

9,278 
29,064 
11,853 
32,250 

8,226 


18,639 
15,498 
12,567 
12, 104 

20,644 
15,383 
55,268 
15,221 
14,197 

23,622 
25,478 
25, 785 
21,150 
11,940 

14,690 
8,045 
13,660 
13,381 
10,091 

16,685 
30,889 
7;  004 
28,232 
15,855 


1890 


14,939 
18,142 
12,298 
5,667 
'10,825 

16,028 

18,689 

25,413 

9,976 

9,167 

4,197 
20,394 
17,856 
20,533 
27,321 

6,747 
3,768 
21,702 
11,621 
18,690 

18,041 
24, 113 
28,434 
21,090 
17,764 

10,252 
3,313 

24,484 
10,039 
28,052 

28,908 
13,700 
13,346 
12,589 
13,851 

8,903 
25,462 

9.512 
27,239 

7,403 


14,879 
12,586 
10,939 
10,102 

17,805 
15,221 
42,673 
12,807 
11,239 

20,479 
20,707 
24,026 
21,242 
10,303 

14,948 
7,146 
10,748 
12,514 
9,293 

15,151 
25,519 
5,902 
2.=i,195 
23,948 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


21.0 
16.9 
31.1 
3.0 
16.6 

-1.1 
26.1 

-5.3 
19.2 
10.2 

-13.7 

17.6 

31.7 

5.9 

20.6 

17.8 
1.8 
25.6 
10.6 
13.6 

34.5 
20.4 
34.2 

-1.7 
32.8 

0.4 
9.3 

7.9 
8.7 
54.8 

22.3 
38.7 
29.6 
15.3 
8.0 

-4.7 
18.1 

9.7 
28.4 

6.0 


22.2 
10.5 

7.7 
0.7 

-2.5 
15.7 
21.3 
13.3 

5.4 

-28.0 
32.4 
24.2 
5.  5 
1&3 

2.5 
23.9 
22.2 
15.6 

9.5 

4.0 
17.6 
9.1 
4.5 
24.1 

2&7 


1890- 
1900 


18.5 
23.8 
27.6 
-3.4 
9.1 

-6.2 
18.4 

-5.9 
18.9 
11.9 

8.0 
23.0 
19.1 
17.7 

7.1 

-3.2 

26.2 

7.8 

4.3 

19.9 

45.4 
10.3 
24.0 
19.1 
57.1 

1.6 
3L1 
-5.0 
19.9 
39.3 

6.5 
16.7 
21.5 
12.0 

3.2 

4.2 
14.1 
24.6 
18.4 
11.1 


25.3 
23.1 
14.9 
19.8 

15.9 

1.1 

29.5 

ia8 

26.3 
15.3 

2ao 

7.3 
-0  4 
15.9 

-1.7 

12.6 

27.1 

6.9 

8.6 

mi 

21.0 

ia7 

12.1 

-3a  8 


Robeson 1,051  51,945  40,371  31,483  2&  7  28.2 

Rockingham 579  36,442  33,163  25,363  9.9  3a  8 

Rowan 489  37,521  31,066  24,123  20.8  2a  8 

Rutherford 544  28,385  25,101  18,770  13.1  3.^  7 

Sampson '  922  29,982  26,380  '  25,096  13.7  5.1 

'  For  changes  In  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 

5  State  total  includes  population  (8,264)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
rr.erated  in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties;  population  (875)  of  Buford  and  Flan- 
nery  Counties,  taken  to  form  part  of  Williams  County  between  1800  and  1900;  and 
population  (563)  of  Church,  Garfield,  Stevens,  and  Wallace  Counties,  and  old  Het- 
tinger, Mountraille,  Renville,  Sheridan,  and  Williams  Counties,  annexed  to  Botti- 
neau, McLean,  McHenry,  Pierce,  Ward,  Stark,  and  Mercer  Counties  between  1890 
and  1900. 


N.  CAROLINA- 
Con. 

Scotland ' 

Stanly 

Stokes 

Surry 

Swain 


Transylvania. 

Tyrrell , 

Union 

Vance , 

Wake 


Warren 

Washington. 
Watauga — 
Wayne 


Wilkes. . 
Wilson.. 
Yadkin. 
Yancey. 


N.  DAKOTA. 


Adams*.. . 

Barnes 

Benson . . . 
Billings'.. 
Bottineau ' 


Bowman". 
Burke ' . . . 
Burleigh.. 

Cass 

Cavalier... 


Dickey... 
Divide'.. 
Dunn'... 
Eddy.... 
Emmons. 


Foster 

Grand  Forks. 

Griggs 

Hettinger ' . . . 
Kidder 


Lamoure... 

Logan 

McHenry ' . 
Mcintosh . . 
McKenzie'. 


McLean'... 

Mercer ' 

Morton 

Mountrail*. 
Nelson 


Oliver 

Pembina. 
Pierce'... 
Ramsey.. 
Ransom.. 


Renville ' . 
Richland.. 
Rolette... 
Sargent... 
Sheridan'. 


Stark'.... 

Steele 

Stutsman . 
Towner... 
Traill 


Walsh 

Ward'.... 

Wells 

Williams'. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


349 
416 
480 
520 
553 

379 
390 
565 
279 
845 

425 
327 
342 
615 

735 
384 
324 
298 


70,183 


997 
1,510 
1,364 
3,404 
1,681 

1,164 
1,113 
1,651 
1,763 
1,494 

1,142 
1,270 
2,084 
651 
1,563 

644 
1,433 

717 
1,132 
1,386 

1,147 
997 
1,888 
1,003 
2,847 

2,305 
1,110 
4,742 
1,914 


720 
1,117 
1.055 
1,205 

860 


1,437 
918 
855 


1,356 

717 

2,282 

1,037 

865 

1,282 
2,054 
1,293 
2,138 


POPULATION. 


1910 


15,363 
19,909 
20,151 
29, 705 
10,403 

7,191 

5,219 

33,277 

19,425 

63,229 

20,266 
11,062 
13,556 
35,698 

30,282 
28,269 
15,428 
12,072 

677,066 


5,407 
18,066 
12,681 
10,186 
17,295 

4,668 
9,064 
13,087 
33,935 
15,659 

9,839 
6,015 
5,302 
4,800 
9,796 

5,313 
27,888 
6,274 
6,557 
5,962 

10,724 
6,168 

17,627 
7,251 
5,720 

14,496 
4,747 

25,289 
8,491 

10,140 

3,577 
14,749 

9,740 
15,199 
10,345 

7,840 
19,659 
9,558 
9,202 
8,103 

12,504 
7,616 

18,189 
8,963 

12,545 

19,491 
25,281 
11,814 
14,234 


1900 


12,553 
15,220 
19,866 
25;. 515 
8,401 

6,620 

4,980 

27,156 

16,684 

54,626 

19,151 
10,608 
13,417 
31,356 

26,872 
23,596 
14,oa3 
11,464 

319,146 


13, 159 

8,320 

975 

7,532 


6,081 
28,625 
12,580 

6,061 


3,330 
4,349 

3,770 

24,459 

4,744 


1,754 

6,048 
1,625 
5,253 
4,818 


4,791 

1,778 

<  10, 277 


7,316 

990 
17,869 
4,765 
9,198 
6,919 


17,387 
7,995 
6,039 


7,621 
5,888 
9,143 
6,491 
13,107 

20,288 
7,961 
8,310 
1,530 


1S90 


12, 136 
17,199 
19,281 
6,  .577 

5,881 
4,225 
21,259 
17,581 
49,207 

19,360 
10,200 
10,611 
26,100 

22,675 
18,644 
13,790 
9,490 

2190,983 


7,045 

2,460 

170 

2,893 


4,247 
19,613 
6,471 

5,573 


159 
1,377 
1,971 

1,210 
18,357 
2,817 


1,211 

3,187 

597 

1,584 

3,248 

3 


428 
65,239 


4,293 

464 
14,334 

905 
4,418 
5,393 


10,751 
2,427 
5,076 


2,304 
3,777 
5,266 
1,450 
10,217 

16,587 
1,681 
1,212 


PEB  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


22.4 
30.8 
1.4 
16.4 
23.8 

a6 

4.8 
22.5 
16.4 
15.7 

5.8 
4.3 
1.0 
13.8 

12.7 
19.8 
9.6 
5.3 

80.8 


37.3 

52.4 

944.7 

129.6 


115.2 
18.6 
24.5 

62.3 


44.1 
125.2 

40.9 
14.0 
32.3 


239.9 

77.3 
279.6 
235.6 

50.5 


202.6 
167.0 
146.1 


38.6 

261.3 

-17.5 

104.4 

65.2 

49.5 


13.1 
19.5 
62.4 


64.1 
29.3 
98.9 
38.1 
-4.3 

-3.9 

217.6 

42.2 

83a3 


» See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

<  Includes  population  (2,208)  of  part  of  Standing  Rock  Indian  Reservation,  not 
returned  by  coimties  in  1900.  „        .    „       ■ 

5  Includes  population  (511)  of  Fort  Yates  and  Standing  Rock  Indian  Agency. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


45 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES    AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 

POPULATION. 

PEE  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 

COtJNTY. 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 

POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASB. 

COUNTY. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1900- 
1910 

1890- 
1900 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1900- 
1910 

1890- 
1900 

OHIO 

40,740 

4,767,121 

4,157,646 

18.672,829 

li.7 

18.2 

OHIO— Con. 
Licking 

669 
451 
497 
342 
497 

427 
409 
435 
412 
460 

408 
448 
455 
402 
403 

664 
399 
270 
413 
399 

490 
428 
621 
416 
482 

603 
668 
413 
623 
660 

413 
666 
408 
633 
655 

446 
406 
412 
413 
630 

657 
411 
612 
406 

55,590 
30,084 
76,037 
192,728 
19,902 

116,151 
33,971 
23,598 
25,594 
27,536 

45,047 
24,244 
163,703 
16,097 
16,815 

57,488 
18,601 
22,360 
22,730 
35,396 

26,158 
15,723 
30,307 
23,834 
29,972 

47,667 
40,069 
35,171 
48,463 
42,421 

24,663 
122,987 
108,253 
52,766 
67,035 

21,871 
29.119 
13,096 
24,497 
45,422 

38,058 
25,198 
46,330 
20,760 

47,070 
30,420 
54,857 
153,559 
20,590 

70,134 
28,678 
21,958 
28,620 
28,021 

43,105 
27,0§1 
130,146 
17,905 
17,879 

53,185 
19,466 
22,213 
27,528 
31,841 

27,016 
18,172 
29,246 
23,713 
32,525 

44,289 
40,940 
34,311 
40.981 
41,163 

24,625 
94,747 
71,715 
46,591 
53,751 

22,342 
30,394 
15,330 
25,584 
48,245 

37,870 
24,953 
51,. 555 
21,125 

43,279 
27,386 
40,295 
102,296 
20,057 

55,979 
24,727 
21,742 
29,813 
27,220 

39,754 
25,175 
100,852 
19,143 
18,120 

51,210 
20,753 
21,974 
25,932 
31,151 

'    26,959 
17,482 
27,868 
23,421 
30,188 

38,072 
39,454 
30,617 
35,377 
40,869 

24,707 
84,170 
54,089 
42,373 
46,618 

22,860 
29,671 
16,045 
25,468 
42,380 

39,005 
24,897 
44,392 
21,722 

18.1 
-LI 
38.6 
25.5 
-3.3 

"65.6 

18.5 

7.5 

-10.6 

-L7 

4.5 

-10.3 

25.8 

-10.1 

-6.0 

8.1 

-4.4 

0.7 

-17.4 

11.2 

-3.2 

-13.5 

3.6 

0.5 

-7.8 

7.6 
-2.1 
2.5 
18.3 
3.1 

0.2 
29.8 
50.9 
13.3 

6.1 

-2.1 
-4.2 
-14.6 
-4.2 
-5.9 

0.6 

1.0 

-10.1 

-L7 

Adams 

546 

406 
421 
723 

487 

397 
530 
4S1 
462 
387 

421 
407 
466 
411 
634 

658 

409 
463 
586 
406 

445 
256 
496 
413 
517 

406 
419 
416 
416 
618 

407 
635 
473 
401 
414 

649 
411 
418 
494 
404 

407 
513 
241 
443 

24,755 
66,680 
22,975 
60,547 
47,798 

31,246 
76,856 
24,832 
70,271 
15,761 

26,351 
66,435 
29,551 
23,680 
76,619 

30,121 
34,036 
637,425 
42,933 
24,498 

27,182 
38,327 
39,201 
21,744 
221,567 

23,914 
25,746 
14,670 
29,733 
42,716 

460,732 
87,860 
30,407 
19,076 
26,119 

28,711 
23,050 
17,909 
34,206 
30,791 

65,423 
30,181 
22,927 
39,488 

26,328 
47,976 
21,184 
51,448 
38,730 

31,192 
60,875 
28,237 
66,870 
16,811 

26,642 
68,939 
31,010 
24,202 
68,660 

29,337 
33,915 
439,120 
42,532 
26,387 

26,401 
37,650 
34,259 
21,725 
164,460 

22,801 
27,918 
14,744 
31,613 
34,425 

409,479 
41,993 
31,187 
20,486 
27,282 

30,982 
24,398 
19,511 
32,330 
34,248 

44,357 
27,768 
21,680 
39,534 

26,093 
40,644 
22,223 
43,656 
35,194 

28,100 
57,413 
29,899 
48,597 
17,666 

26,980 
52,277 
33,553 
24,240 
69,029 

26,703 
31,927 
309,970 
42,961 
25,760 

27,189 
35,462 
33,939 
22,309 
124,087 

22,023 
27,005 
13,489 
29,820 
28,645 

374,573 
42,563 
28,939 
20,830 
25,060 

29,048 
22.658 
21,139 
31,949 
28,408 

39,415 
27,600 
18,235 
39,556 

-6.0 
17.9 
8.5 
15.7 
23.4 

0.2 

26.3 

-12.1 

23.0 

-6.2 

-1.1 
12.7 
-0.5 
-2.2 
11.7 

2.7 
0.4 
45.2 
0.9 
-7.2 

3.0 
1.8 

14.4 
0.1 

34.7 

4.9 
-7.8 
-0.5 
-5.9 
24.1 

12.5 
-9.8 
-2.6 
-6.9 
-7.9 

-7.3 

-3.1 

-8.2 

5.8 

-10.1 

47.5 

8.7 

5.8 

-0.1 

0.9 
18.0 
-4.7 
17.9 
10.0 

11.0 

6.0 

-5.6 

17.0 
-4.3 

-1.3 
12.7 
-5.8 
-0.2 
16.2 

9.9 
6.2 
41.7 
-1.0 
2.4 

-2.9 
6.2 
0.9 

-2.6 
32.5 

3.6 
3.4 
9.3 
6.0 
20.2 

9.3 
-1.3 

7.8 

-1.7 

8.8 

6.7 

7.7 

-7.7 

1.2 

ao.6 

12.6 

0.6 

18.9 

-0.1 

8.8 

Allen     

Logan 

11.1 

Lorain 

36.1 

Lucas 

50.1 

Madison 

2.7 

Auglaize 

Mahnning 

25.3 

Belmont 

Marion.  .7 

16.0 

Brown 

Medina 

1.0 

Butler 

Meigs 

—4.0 

Carroll 

Mercer 

2.9 

Champaign 

Miami 

8.4 

Clark ..:.......:.;; 

Monroe 

7,4 

Clermont 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

29.0 

Clinton 

—6.6 

Col "m Nana, . . 

Morrow 

-1.3 

Coshocton 

Muskingum. 

3.9 

Crawford 

Noble 

-6.2 

Cuyahoga 

Ottawa 

1.1 

Darke 

Paulding 

6.2 

Defiance 

Perry.. 7 

2.2 

Delaware 

Pickaway 

0.3 

Erie 

Pike 

3.9 

Fairfield 

Portage 

4.9 

Fayette 

Preble 

1.2 

Frantlln 

Piitufini 

7.7 

Fulton 

Rtehland 

16.3 

Gallia 

Ross 

3.8 

Geauga 

Sandusky 

12.1 

Greene 

Scioto. . .'. 

15.8 

Guernsey 

Seneca 

0.7 

Hamilton 

Shelby 

-0.3 

Hancock 

Stark. 

12.8 

Hardin 

fliitnmlt 

32.6 

Harrison 

Trumbull 

10.0 

Henry 

Tuscarawas 

15.3 

Highland 

Union 

—2.3 

HnnHng.  , 

Van  Wert 

2.4 

Holmes 

VUiton 

—4.6 

Huron 

Warren 

0.6 

Jackson 

Washington 

Wayne 

13.8 

Jefterson 

-2.9 

WlUlams 

0.2 

Lake 

Wood 

16.1 

Wyandot 

-2.7 

OKLAHOMA. 


Adah:' 

Alfalfa'.... 

Atoka' 

Beaver' 

Beckham'.. 

Blaine' 

Bryan' 

■Caddo' 

Canadian'.. 
Carter' 

Cherokee'.. 
Choctaw'. . . 
Cimarron'.. 
Cleveland... 
Coal' 

Comanche'. 

Craig' 

Creek!- 

•Custer' 

Delaware'. . 

Dewey' 

Ellis' 

Garfield' . . . 

Oarvin' 

Grady* 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


69,414 

M4 
867 
997 
1,813 
917 

931 
928 
1,377 
891 
831 

791 
790 
1,849 
554 
525 

1,726 
757 
962 
998 
794 

989 
1,218 
1,061 

821 
1,024 


FOFXnjLTION. 


1910 


1,657,166 

10,636 
18,138 
13,808 
13,631 
19,699 

17,960 
29,854 
35,085 
23,501 
25,368 

16,778 
21,862 
4,553 
18,843 
15,817 

41,489 
17,404 
26,223 
23,231 
11,469 

14,132 
15,375 
33,050 
26,545 
30,309 


1907 


>  1,414.177 

9,115 
16,070 
12, 113 
13,364 
17,758 

17,227 
27,865 
30,241 
20,110 
26,402 

14,274 
17,340 
5,927 
18,460 
15,585 

31,738 
14,955 
18,365 
18,478 
9,876 

13,329 
13,978 
28,300 
22,787 
23,420 


1900 


>  790,391 


3,051 


10,658 


1890 


<  268, 667 


2,674 


15,981 


16,388 


12,264 


8,819 
'22,076' 


7,158 


6,606 


PES  cxNT  or 

INCBKASK. 


1907- 
1910 


17.2 

16.6 
12.9 
14.0 
2.0 
10.9 

4.3 

7.1 

18.0 

16.9 

-4.0 

17.5 
26.1 
-23.2 
2.1 
1.5 

3a7 
16.4 
42.8 
25.7 
16.1 

6.0 
10.0 
16.8 
16.5 
29.4 


1900- 
1910 


109.7 


34&8 


08.5 
*47.'i 


15.0 


6a2 

'49.'7 


OKLAHOMA 
—Con. 

Grant' 

Greer* 

994 
644 

648 

1,033 

616 

856 
778 
767 
658 
934 

890 
1,179 

735 
1,614 

959 

739 
496 
662 
1,897 
661 

937 
419 
676 
424 
814 

Harmon* 

Harper* 

Haskell' 

Hughes' 

Jackson' 

Jefferson' 

Johnston' 

Kay 

Kingfisher 

Kiowa' 

Lattmer' 

Le  Flore' 

Lincoln' 

Logan 

Love' 

McClahis 

McCurtaIn'... 
Mcintosh'..... 

Major' 

MarshaU' 

Mayes' 

Murray' 

Muskogee' 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1010 


POPITLATION. 


1910 


18,760 
16,449 
11,328 
8,189 
18,875 

24,040 
23,737 
17,430 
16,734 
26,999 
18,825 
27,526 
11,321 
29,127 
34,779 

31,740 
10,236 
15,659 
20,681 
20,961 

15,248 
11,619 
13,596 
12,744 
62,743 


1907 


17,638 
23,624 


8,089 
16,865 

19,946 
17,087 
1.3,439 
18,672 
24,757 

18,010 
22,247 
9,340 
24,678 
37,293 

30,711 
11, 134 
12,888 
13,198 
17,975 

14,307 
13,144 
11,064 
11,948 
37,467 


1900 


17,273 
17,922 


22,530 
18,501 


1890 


PER  CENT  or 
INCREASE. 


1907- 
1910 


5,338 


8,332 


27,007 
26,563 


12,770 


6.4 
-30.4 


1900- 
1910 


&6 

-a  2 


L2 


11.9 

20.5 

38.9 

29.7 

-10.4 

9.1 

1&8 

4.6 

1.8 

23.7 

21.2 

18.0 

-6.7 

28.8 

3.4 

19.6 

-8.1 

21.5 

56.7 

16.6 

6.6 

-11.6 

22.9 

6.7 

40.8 

«  state  total  includes  population  (13)  specially  enumerated  In  1890,  not  distrib- 
•nted  by  counties. 

»  Special  censusof  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory,  taken  as  of  July  1, 1907,  by 
order  of  the  President. 

3  State  total  Includes  population  (13,873)  of  Kaw,  Kiowa,  Comanche  and 
Apache,  Osage,  and  Wichita  Indian  Reservations;  population  (2,173)  of  Day 
-County,  part  taken  to  form  part  of  Ellis  County  In  1907  and  part  annexed  to 


Roger  MMIs  Countv  since  1900;  and  population  (392,060)  of  Indian  Territory,  not 
returned  by  coimtfes  in  1900. 

*  State  total  includes  population  (16,641)  of  that  part  of  Oklahoma,  and  popu- 
lation (180,182)  of  Indian  Territory,  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  distributed 
by  coimties. 

'  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


46 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION    OF  COUNTIES  AND   EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


TaWelS— Cton. 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 

POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 

COUNTT. 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 
1910 

POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 

1910 

1907 

1900 

1890 

1907- 
1910 

1900- 
1910 

1910 

1907 

1900 

1890 

1907- 
1910 

1900- 
1910 

OKLAHOMA- 

Con. 

734 

586 
623 
717 
679 

2,277 
477 
584 
678 

1,370 

728 

793 

1,430 

14,945 
14,223 
19,905 
85,232 
21,115 

20,101 
15,713 
17,332 
23,735 

47,650 
24,331 
43,595 
10,118 

14,198 
10,453 
15,595 
55,849 
14,362 

15,332 
12,827 
17,112 
22,022 

37,677 
23,057 
43,272 
8,295 

14,015 

5.3 
36.1 
28.2 
52.6 
47.0 

31.1 

22.5 

1.3 

7.8 

26.5 
5.5 
0.7 

22.0 

6.6 

'"'mg 

'"'"46.'2 
13.5 

""'65.'i 

OKLAHOMA- 
COB. 
Roger  Mills' ... 

Rogers' 

Seminole' 

Sequoyah' 

Stephens' 

Texas' 

l,'l35 
730 
633 
693 
897 

2,065 
733 
565 
545 

425 
1,006 
1,255 
1,233 

12,861 
17,736 
19,964 
25,005 
22,262 

14,249 
18,650 
34,995 
22,086 

17,484 
25,034 
17,567 
16, 592 

13,239 
15,485 
14,687 
22,499 
20, 148 

16,448 
12,869 
21,693 
19,529 

12,813 
22,007 
15,517 
14,595 

6,190 

-2.9 
14.5 
35.9 
11.1 
10.4 

-13.4 
44.9 
61.3 
13.1 

36.5 
13.8 
13.2 
13.7 

107  8 

25,915 

11,742 

Okmulgee"...... 

Ottawa ! 

Tillman' 

Tulsa' 

i2,366 
20,909 

Payne '  

7,215 

Wagoner' 

Washington'... 

Washita' 

Woods' 

Woodward ' 

Pittsburg  I 

15,001 

34,975 

7,469 

66.9 

Pottawatomie ' . . 

26,412 

-49.8 

Pushmataha  i 

122.1 

OREGON 

Baker' 

Benton' 

Clackamas.. 

Clatsop 

Columbia... 

Coos 

Crook' 

Curry 

Douglas 

Gilliam' 

Grant' 

Harney 

Hood  River' 

Jackson 

Josephine . . . 

Klamath 

Lake 

Lane 

Lincoln' 

Linn 

Malheur 

Marion 

Morrow 

Multnomah. 
Polk 

Sherman'... 
Tillamook'.. 

Umatilla 

Union' 

Wallowa'... 

Wasco' 

Washington. 

Wheeler' 

Yamhill 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Adams 

Allegheny.. 
Armstrong. 

Beaver 

Bedford.... 


Berks 

Blair 

Bradford. 
Bucks. . . 
Butler... 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


96,607 


3,060 
688 

1,864 
821 
662 

1,628 
7,778 
1,498 
4,922 
1,201 

4,520 
9,933 
543 
2,836 
1,751 

5,999 
7,920 
4,612 
1,008 
2,243 


1,194 

2,025 

451 

709 

836 
1,125 
3.173 
2,087 
3,145 

2,343 
731 

1,704 
714 


44,832 


528 
725 
653 
429 
1,026 

865 
534 
1,145 
608 
790 


POPULATION. 


1910 


672,765 


18,076 
10,663 
29,931 
16,106 
10,580 

17,969 
9,315 
2,044 

19,674 
3,701 

5,607 
4,059 
8,016 
25,756 
9,567 

8,554 
4,658 

33,783 
5,587 

22,662 

8,601 
39,780 

4,357 

226,261 

13,469 

4,242 
6,266 
20,309 
16, 191 
8,364 

16,336 
21,522 
2,484 
18,285 


7,666,111 


34,319 
1,018,463 
67,880 
78,353 
38,879 

183,222 
108,858 
54,526 
76,530 
72,689 


1900 


413,636 


15,597 
6,706 
19,668 
12,765 
6,237 

10,324 
3,964 
1,868 

14,566 
3,201 

5,948 
2,598 


13,698 
7,617 

3,970 
2,847 

19,604 
3,575 

18,603 

4,203 
27,713 
4,151 
103, 167 
9,923 

3,477 
4,471 
18,049 
16,070 
5,638 

13,199 
14,467 
2,443 
13,420 


6,302,116 


34,496 
776,058 
52,551 
56,432 
39,468 

159,615 
85,099 
59,403 
71,190 
66,962 


Cambria 717         166,131        104,837          66,375  58."5 

Cameron 392            7,644           7,048           7,238  8.5 

Carbon 406           52,846          44,510          38,624  18.7 

Center 1,146           43,424          42,894          43,269  1.2 

Chester 777         109,213          96,695          89,377  14.1 

•  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  63. 

2  State  total  includes  population  (3,937)  of  Indian  reservations  specially 
merated  in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

*  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 


1890 


2  317,704 


6,764 
8,650 
15,233 
10,016 
6,191 

8,874 
3,244 
1,709 
11,864 
3,600 

5,080 
2,569 


11,455 
4,878 

2,444 
2,604 
16, 198 


16,265 

2,601 
22,934 

4,206 
74,884 

7,858 

1,792 
2,932 
13,381 
12,044 
3,661 

9,183 
11,972 


10,692 


6,268,113 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


15.9 
69.0 
52.3 
26.2 
69.6 

74.0 
135.0 
9.4 
35.1 
15.6 

-5.7 
56.2 


88.0 
27.3 

115.5 
63.6 
72.3 
56.3 
21.8 

104.6 
43.6 
5.0 

119.3 
36.7 

22.0 
40.1 
12.5 
0.8 
51.0 

23.8 

48.8 

1.7 

36.3 


21.6 


33,486 
651, 959 
46,747 
50,077 
38,644 

137,327 
70,866 
69,233 
70,615 
55,339 


-0.5 
31.4 
29.2 
38.8 

-1.5 

14.8 
27.9 
-8.2 
7.5 
27.6 


1890- 
1900 


30.2 


130.6 
-22.5 
29.0 
27.4 
20.2 

16.3 

35.1 

9.3 

22.8 

-11.1 

17.1 
1.5 


19.6 
54.1 

'16.0 

9.3 

29.0 


14.4 

61.6 
20.8 

-1.3 
37.8 

824.3 

94.0 
62.5 
824.4 
33.4 
51.3 

340.7 
20.8 


»23.2 


19.9 


3.0 
40.4 
12.4 
12.7 

2.1 

16.2 
20.1 
0.3 
0.8 
2.9 

57.9 
-2.6 

15.2 

-0.9 

7.1 


PENNSYLVANIA 
-Con. 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Crawford 


Cumberland . 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Elk 

Erie 


Fayette.. 
Forest... 
Franklin. 
Fulton... 
Greene... 


Huntingdon. 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Juniata 

Lackawanna. 


Lancaster. 
Lawrence. 
Lebanon.. 

Lehigh 

Luzerne... 


Lycoming. 
Mx;Kean . . , 

Mercer 

MiflBin 

Monroe 


Montgomery 

Montour 

Northampton 

Northumberland. . . 
Perry 


Philadelphia. 

Pike 

Potter 

Schuylkill.... 
Snyder 


Somerset , 

Sullivan 

Susquehanna. 
Tioga 


Union 

Venango 

Warren 

Washington. 


Wayne 

Westmoreland. 

Wyoming 

York 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


601 

1,142 

878 

479 

1,038 

528 
521 
185 
806 
781 

795 
423 
751 
402 
574 

918 
829 
666 
392 
451 

941 
360 
360 
344 

892 

1,220 

987 
700 
398 
623 

484 
130 
372 
454 
564 

133 

641 

1,071 

777 
311 

1,034 
458 
824 

1,142 

305 

661 
902 
862 

739 

1,039 

397 

903 


POPULATION. 


1910 


36,638 
93,768 
31,645 
48,467 
61,566 

54,479 
136, 152 
117,906 

35,871 
115,617 

167, 449 
9,436 

59,775 
9,703 

28,882 

38,304 
66,210 
63,090 
16,013 
259,570 

167,029 

70,032 

59,565 

118,832 

343, 186 

80,813 
47,868 
77,699 
27,786 
22,941 

169,690 
14,868 
127, 667 
111,420 
24,136 

1,649,008 

8,033 

29,729 

207,894 

16,800 

67,717 
11,293 
37,746 
42,829 

16,249 

56,369 

39,673 

143,680 

29,236 
231,304 

16,609 
136, 406 


1900 


1890 


34,283 
80,614 
29,197 
39,896 
63,643 

50,344 
114,443 
94,762 
32,903 
98,473 

110,412 
11,039 
54,902 
9,924 
28,281 

34,650 
42,556 
59, 113 
16,054 
193,831 

159,241 
67,042 
63,827 
93,893 

257, 121 

76,663 
61,343 
57,387 
23,160 
21, 161 

138,995 
16,526 
99,687 
90,911 
26,263 

1,293.697 

8,766 

30,621 

172, 927 

17,304 

49,461 
12, 134 
40,043 
49,086 

17,592 
49,648 
38,946 
92,181 

30,171 
160, 175 

17,162 
116,413 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


36,802 
69,565 
28,686 
36,832 
65,324 

47,271 
96,977 
74,683 
22,239 
86,074 

80,006 
8,482 
51,433 
10, 137 
28,935 

35,751 
42, 176 
44,005 
16,665 
142,088 

149,095 
37,517 
48, 131 
76,631 

201,203 

70,579 
46,863 
55,744 
19,996 
20,111 

123,290 
15,645 
84,220 
74, 698 
26,276 

1,046,964 

9,412 

22,778 

154, 163 

17,651 

37,317 
11,620 
40,093 
62,313 

17,820 
46,640 
37,585 
71,155 

31,010 
112,819 
15,891 
99,489  I 


6.9 
16.3 

8.0 
21.5 
-3.3 

8.2 
19.0 
24.4 

9.0 
17.3 

61.7 

-14.5 

8.9 

-2.2 

2.1 

10.6 
55.6 
6.7 
-6.6 
33.9 

4.9 
22.8 
10.7 
26.6 
33.6 

6.8 
-6.8 
35.4 
20.0 

8.4 

22.0 
-4.2 
28.1 
22.6 
-8.1 

19.7 
-8.4 
-2.9 

20.2 
-2.9 

36.9 
-6.9 
-5.7 
-12.7 

-7.6 

13.5 

1.6 

55.9 

-3.1 
44.4 

-9.6 
17.2 


1890- 
1900 


-6.8 
15.9 
1.& 
8.3 

-2.6 

6.5 
18.0 
26.9 
48.0 
14.4 

38.0 
30.1 
6.7 
-2.1 
-2.» 

-3.1 
0.9> 

34.3 
-3.6 

36.4 

6.8 
52.0 
11.8 
22.5 
27.  a 

7.2 
9.6 
2.9 
15.8 
5.2- 

12.7 
-0.8 
18.4 
21.7 

23.  ft 
-6.9 
34.4 
12.2- 
-2.0 

32.5. 

4.4 

-0.1 

-6.2- 

-1.3 

6.4 
»3.4 

29.  & 

-2.7 
42.0 
7.9 
17.  C 


*  State  total  includes  population  (99)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enumerated 
in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

'  A  decrease  of  less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


^RARY. 


47 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES :» 1910,  1900, 


AND  1890— Continued 


OF- 


[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  deqreasr.)  \  j  TTTTit'  '•'T  A 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


BHODE  ISLAKD. 

Bristol 

Kent 

Newport 

Providence 

Washington 


S.  CAROLHrA. 


Abbeville'. 

Aiken 

Anderson . . 
Bamberg' . 
Barnwell'.. 


Beaufort 

Berkeley'... 

Calhoun' 

Charleston'. 
Cherokee'... 


Chester 

Chesterfield. 
Clarendon... 
Colleton'.... 
Darlington'. 


Dillon' 

Dorchester'. 
Edgefield'.. 
Fairfield.... 
Florence'... 


Georgetown. 
Greenville. . . 
Greenwood'. 
Hampton... 
Hocry 


Eershawi.. 
Lancaster.. 

Laurens 

Lee' 

Lexington' . 


Marion! 

Marlboro 

Newberry'... 

Oconee 

Orangeburg'. 


Pickens 

Richland 

Saluda' 

Spartanburg' 


Sumter' 

Union' 

Williamsburg  > 
York' 


80TTTH  DAKOTA. 


Armstrong . . 

Aurora 

Beadle 

Beimett' 

Bonhomme . 
Brookings.. 


Brown 

Brule 

Buffalo... 

Butte' 

Campbell. 


Charles  Mix. 

Clark 

Clav 

Codington.., 
Corson' 


Custer... 
Davison. 

Day 

Deuel... 
Dewey.. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


1,067 


24 
174 
114 
430 
325 


80,495 


678 
1,100 
758 
371 
890 

920 
1,238 
391 
685 
373 

692 
837 
717 
1,333 
605 

471 
613 
700 
792 
607 


761 

£08 

958 

1,158 

673 
515 
690 
407 
833 

529 
619 
601 
650 
1,131 

529 
611 
435 
765 

674 

492 

1,006 

651 


76,868 


1,419 

719 

1,250 

1,291 

573 

791 

1,760 
837 
479 

2,289 

774 

1,134 
974 
403 
701 

2,526 

1,573 
432 

1,061 
632 

1,907 


POPULATION. 


1910 


542,610 


17,602 
36,378 
39,335 
424,353 
24,942 


1,615,400 


34,804 
41,849 
69,568 
18,544 
34,209 

30,355 
23,487 
16,634 
88,594 
26,179 

29,425 
26,301 
32,188 
35,390 
36,027 

22,615 
17,891 
28,281 
29,442 
35,671 

22,270 
68,377 
34,225 
26,126 
26,995 

27,094 
26,650 
41,550 
25,318 
32,040 

20,596 
31,189 
34,586 
27,337 
55,893 

25,422 
55,143 
20,943 
83,465 

38,472 
29,911 
37,626 
47,718 


683,888 

647 
6,143 
15,776 
«96 
11,061 
14,178 

25,867 
6,451 
1,589 
4,993 
5,244 

14,899 
10,901 

8,711 
14,092 

2,929 

4,458 
11,625 
14,372 

7,768 
1,145 


1900 


428,566 


13,144 
29,976 
32,599 
328,683 
24, 154 


1,840,316    1,161,140 


1890 


346,506 


11,428 
26,754 
28,562 
255,123 
23,649 


33,400 
39,032 
66,728 
17,296 
35,604 

35,495 
30,454 


88,006 
21,359 

28,616 
20,401 
28,184 
33,452 
32,388 


16,294 
25,478 
29,425 
28,474 

22,846 
53,490 
28,343 
23,738 
23,364 

24,606 
24,311 
37,382 


27,284 

35,181 
27,639 
30,182 
23,634 
59,663 

19,375 
45,589 
18,966 
66,560 

51.237 
26,601 
31,686 
41,684 


*  401,570 

8 
4,011 
8,081 


10,379 
12,561 

15,286 
5,401 
1,790 
2,907 
4,527 


6,942 
9,316 
8,770 


46,854 
31,822 
43,606 


44,613 


34,119 
65,428 


59,903 


26,660 
18,468 
23,233 
40,293 
29,134 


PEB  CENT  OF 
mCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


26.6 


33.9 
21.4 
20.7 
29.1 
3.3 


13.1 


4.2 

7.2 

24.8 

7.2 

-3.6 

-14.5 
-22.9 


0.7 
22.6 

2.8 
28.9 
14.2 

5.8 
11.2 


49,259 
28,699 
25,027 

20,857 
44,310 


20,641 
19,266 

22,361 
20,761 
31,610 


22,181 

29,976 
23,500 
26,434 
18,687 
49,393 

16,389 
36,821 


55,386 

43.605 
25,363 
27,777 
38,831 


'348,600 

34 
5,045 
9,586 


9,057 
10,132 

16,855 
6,737 
993 
1,037 
3,510 

4,178 
6,728 
7,509 
7,037 


2,728 

7,483 
12,254 
6,656 


4,891 
5,449 
9,168 
4,574 
(•) 


9.8 
11.0 

0.1 
25.3 

-2.5 
27.8 
20.8 
5.8 
15.6 

9.7 
9.6 
11.1 


17.5 

-41.6 
12.8 
14.6 
15.7 
-6.3 

31.2 
21.0 
10.4 
27.3 

-24.9 
17.3 
18.8 
14.6 


45.4 


53.2 
95.2 


6.6 
12.9 

69.2 
19.4 
-11.2 
71.8 
16.8 

75.3 
57.0 
-6.5 
60.7 


1890- 
1900 


24.0 


15.0 
12.0 
14.2 
28.8 
2.1 


16.4 


-28.7 
22.7 
27.6 


4.0 
-45.1 


46.9 


7.3 
10.5 
21.3 
-17.0 
11.2 


-48.3 
2.9 
13.8 

9.5 
20.7 


15.6 
21.3 

10.4 
17.1 
18.3 


22.9 

17.4 
17.6 
14.2 
26.5 
20.8 

18.2 
23.8 


18.4 

17.5 
0.5 
14.1 

7.3 


15.2 


-20.5 
-15.7 


14.6 
24.0 

-  9.3 

-19.8 

'*-32.8 

180.3 

29.0 

103.4 

3.2 

24.1 

24.6 


63.4 
55.4 
17.3 
16.7 


-44.2 
37.3 
33.7 
45.5 


>  For  changes  In  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 

*  State  total  includes  population  (9,216)  of  Cheyenne  River  and  Rosebud  In- 
dian Reservations  and  part  of  Standing  Rock  Indian  Reservation,  not  returned 
by  coimtles  In  1900. 

» State  total  includes  population  (19,792)  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not 
distributed  by  counties;  also  population  (1,351)  of  Choteau,  Ewing  Harding, 
Martin,  Delano,  Scobey,  Jackson,  Ziebach,  Nowlin,  Pratt,  Presho,  ancl  old  Todd 
Counties,  annexed  to  Butte,  Meade,  Stanley,  Lyman,  Gregory,  and  Pennington 
Counties  between  1890  and  1900. 

*  Exclusive  of  population  of  part  in  Pino  ^idge  Indian  Reservation,  not  re- 
tuised  by  counties. 


SOUTH  DAKOTA 
—Con. 

Douglas 

Edmunds 

Fall  River 

Faulk 

Grant 


Gregory'. 
Hamlin.. 
Hand.... 
Hanson.. 
Harding'. 


Hughes 

Hutchinson. 

Hyde 

Jerauld 

Kingsbury.. 

Lake 

Lawrence... 

Lincoln 

Lyman ' . . . . 
MxK^k 


McPherson. 
Marshall... 
Meade'...., 
MeUette'.. 

Miner 

Minnehaha. 


Moodv 

Pennington  I. 

?erkins> 
otter 

Roberts 


Sanborn. 
Schnasse. 
Shannon. 

Spink 

Stanley'. 
Sterling.. 


Sully... 
Todd'. 
Tripp'. 
Turner. 
Unfon'. 


Walworth 

Washabaugh 

Washington 

Yankton 

Pine  Ridge  Indian 
Reservation' 


TENNESSEE. 


Anderson . 
Bedford... 

Benton 

Bledsoe... 
Blount 

Bradley... 
Campbell.. 
Cannon . . . 

Carroll 

Carter 

Cheatham. 

Chester 

Claiborne.. 
Clay...... 

Cocke 


Coflfee 

Crockett 

Cumberland. 

Davidson 

Decatur 


Dekalb... 
Diclcson.. 

Dyer 

Fayette . . 
Fentress. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


435 
1,158 
1,766 
1.018 

691 

1,032 
520 

1,426 
432 

2,682 

769 
817 
866 
531 
814 

562 
797 
674 
2,626 
573 

1,167 

889 

3,491 

1,228 

668 

81$ 

627 
2,792 
2,914 

898 
1,111 

676 
836 
964 
1,511 
4,156 
249 

1,068 

1,279 

1,629 

617 

462 

742 
1,146 
1,167 

623 

(«) 


41,687 


337 
514 
456 
391 
571 

336 
464 
268 
619 
363 

314 
313 
468 
264 
427 

443 
267 
655 
611 


311 
549 
500 
618 
486 


POPULATION. 


1910 


6,400 
7,654 
7,763 
6,716 
10,303 

13,061 
7,475 
7,870 
6,237 
4,228 

6,271 
12,319 
3,307 
6,120 
12,560 

10,711 
19,694 
12,712 
10,848 
9,589 

6,791 
8,021 

12,640 
1,700 
7,661 

29,631 

8,695 
12,463 
11,348 

4,466 
14,897 

6,607 
292 
(•) 

16,981 

14,975 

252 

2,462 
2,164 
8,323 
13,840 
10,670 

6,488 
(•) 
(•) 
13,135 

6,607 


8,184,789 


1900 


5,012 
4,916 
3,641 
3,547 
9,103 

2,211 
6,945 
4,625 
4,947 


3,684 
11,897 
1,492 
2,798 
9,866 

9,137 
17,897 
12,161 
2,632 
8,689 

6,327 
5,942 
4,907 


17,717 
22,667 
12,462 
6,329 
20,809 

16,336 
27,387 
10,825 
23,971 
19,838 

10,540 
9,090 

23,504 
9,009 

19,399 

15,625 

16,076 

9,327 

149,478 

10,093 

15,434 
19,955 
27, 721 
30,257 
7,446 


5,864 
23,926 


8,326 
6,610 


2,988 
12,216 

4,464 

9,487 
1.341 
(•) 

1,715 


1890 


4,600 
4,399 
4,478 
4,062 
6,814 

295 
4,625 
6,546 
4,267 


5,044 
10,469 
1,860 
3,605 
8,562 

7,508 
11,673 
9,143 
233 
6,448 

6,940 
4,644 
4,640 


5,165 
21,879 


5,941 
6,640 


13,175 
11,153 


3,839 


8 


12,649 
6,827 

2,020,616 


17,C34 
23,845 
11,888 
6,626 
19,206 

16.759 
17,317 
12, 121 
24,250 
16,688 

10,112 
9,896 

20,696 
8,421 

19, 163 

15,574 
15,867 
8,311 
122,816 
10,439 

16,460 
18,635 
23, 776 
29,701 
6,106 


2,910 
1,997 

4,610 

10,581 

1,028 

96 

2,412 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


27.7 
56.7 
119.2 
89.3 
13.2 

490.7 
25.7 
73.9 
26.1 


70.2 
3.5 
121.6 
83.0 
27.3 

17.2 
10.0 
4.6 
312.2 
10.4 

7.3 
35.0 
167.6 


30.6 
23.8 


4.4 
122.0 


49.6 
21.9 


48.0 


10,256 
9, 130 

2,153 
C) 

40 
10, 444 


1,767,618 


15, 128 
24,739 
11,230 
6,134 
17,589 

13,607 
13,486 
12, 197 
23,630 
13,389 

8,845 
9,069 

15, 103 
7,260 

16,523 

13,827 
15,146 

5,376 
108,174 

8,995 

15,650 
13,045 
19,878 
28,878 
5,226 


68.5 
1,016.7 


43.6 


5.0 
-4.3 


69.0 


3.8 
-3.2 


8.1 


0.5 
-4.9 

4.7 
-4.6 


3.7 

58.2 

-10.7 

-1.2 

18.9 

4.2 
-8.1 
13.6 
7.0 
1.3 

0.3 

1.3 

12.2 

21.7 

-3.3 

-6.2 

7.1 

16.6 

1.9 

21.9 


'  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 

•  Not  returned  separately. 

'  For  1910  comprises  the  imorganized  counties  of  Shannon  and  Washington, 
and  parts  of  Bennett  and  Washabaugh,  for  which  the  population  was  not  returned 
separately. 

8  Total  land  area  within  the  limits  of  Pine  Ridge  Indian  Reservation,  4,374 
square  miles,  comprising  Shannon,  Washington,  ana  parts  of  Bennett  and  Wash- 
abaugh Counties,  included  under  the  respective  coimties. 


48 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND   POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS   IN  THE   UNITED   STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


TENNESSEE— 
Con. 

Franklin 

Gibson 

Giles 

Grainger .• 

Greene 


Grundy 

Hamblen . . 
Hamilton.. 
Hancock . . . 
Hardeman. 


Hardin 

Hawkins . . 
Haywood . . 
Henderson. 
Henry 


Hickman  • . . 

Houston 

Humphreys. 

Jackson 

James 


Jefferson 

Johnson 

Knox 

Lake 

Lauderdale'. 


Lawrence. 

Lewis ' 

Lincoln . . . 
Loudon . . . 
McMinn.. 


McNalry. 
Macon . . . 
Madison. 
Marion . . 
Marsliall. 


Maury 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 
Moore 


Morgan., 
Obion... 
Overton. 
Perryi.. 
Pickett.. 


Polk 

Putnam... 

Rhea 

Roane 

Robertson. 


Rutherford. 

Scott , 

Sequatchie. . 

Sevier , 

Shelby , 

Smith , 

Stewart 

SuUivan... 
Sumner 


Tipton.... 
Trousdale. 

Unicoi 

Union 


Van  Buren.. 

Warren 

Washington. 
Waynei 


Weakley.... 

White 

Williamson. 
Wilson 


TEXAS. 

Anderson . . 
Andrews  ' . 
Angelina. . . 

Aransas 

Archer 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


576 
633 
628 
307 
613 

375 
158 
409 
228 
607 

582 
482 
508 
536 
626 

570 
197 
451 
301 
165 

312 
294 
504 
122 
456 

611 
286 
587 
219 
432 

588 
286 
552 
504 
378 

582 
199 
673 
516 
141 

529 
552 
446 
487 
162 

432 
404 
365 
388 
455 

614 
550 

264 
587 
801 

296 
449 
436 

558 

442 
106 
201 
235 

293 
423 
325 
749 

580 
363 
586 
613 


262,898 


938 

1,566 

940 

240 

872 


POPULATION. 


1910 


20,491 
41,630 
32,629 
13,888 
31,083 

8,322 
13,650 
89,267 
10,778 
23,011 

17,521 
23,587 
25,910 
17,030 
25,434 

16,527 
6,224 
13,908 
15,036 
5,210 

17,755 
13,191 
94,187 
8,704 
21,105 

17,569 
6,033 
25,908 
13,612 
21,046 

16,356 
14,559 
39,357 
18,820 
16,872 

40,456 

6,131 

20,716 

33,672 

4,800 

11,458 
29,946 
15,854 
8,815 
5,087 

14, 116 
20,023 
15,410 
22,860 
25,466 

33,199 
12,947 
4,202 
22,296 
191,439 

18,548 
14,860 
28,120 
25,621 

29,459 
5,874 
7,201 

11, 414 

2,784 
16,534 
28,968 
12,062 

31,929 
15,420 
24,213 
25,394 


8,896,642 


29,660 
975 

17,705 
2,106 
6,525 


1900 


20,392 
39,408 
33,035 
15,512 
30,596 

7,802 
12,728 
61,695 
11,147 
22,976 

19,246 
24,267 
25, 189 
18,117 
24,208 

16,367 
6,476 
13,398 
15,039 
5,407 

18,590 
10,589 
74,302 
7,368 
21,971 

15,402 
4,455 
26,304 
10,838 
19,163 

17,760 
12,881 
36,333 
17,281 
18,763 

42,703 
7,491 
18,585 
36,017 
5,706 

9,587 
28,286 
13,353 
8,800 
5,366 

11,357 
16,890 
14,318 
22,738 
25,029 

33,543 
11,077 
3,326 
22,021 
153,557 

19,026 
15,224 
24,935 
26,072 

29,273 
6,004 
5,851 

12,894 

3,126 
16,410 
22,604 
12,936 

32,546 
14, 167 
26,429 
27,078 


8,048,710 


28,015 
87 

13, 481 
1,716 
2,508 


1890 


18,929 
35,859 
34,957 
13,196 
26,614 

6,345 
11,418 
53,482 
10,342 
21,029 

17,608 
22,246 
23,558 
16,336 
21,070 

14,499 
5,390 
11,720 
13,325 
4,903 

16,478 
8,858 

59,557 
5,304 

18,756 

12,286 
2,555 

27,382 
9,273 

17,890 

15,510 
10,878 
30,497 
15,411 
18,906 

38,112 
6,930 
15,329 
29,697 
5,975 

7,639 
27,273 
12,039 
7,785 
4,736 

8,361 
13,683 
12,647 
17,418 
20,078 

35,097 
9,794 
3,027 

18,761 
112,740 

18,404 
12, 193 
20,879 
23,668 

24,271 
5,850 
4,619 

11,450 

2,863 
14,413 
20,354 
11,471 

28.955 
12,348 
26,321 
27,148 


<  2,286,627 


20,923 

24 

6,306 

1,824 

2,101 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCKEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


0.5 

5.6 

-1.2 

-10.5 

1.6 

6.7 
7.2 
44.7 
-3.3 
0.2 

-9.0 
-2.8 

2.9 
-6.0 

5.1 

1.0 
-3.9 

3.8 
(') 
-3.6 

-4.5 
24.6 
26.8 
18.1 

-3.9 

14.1 
35.4 
-1.5 
26.6 
9.8 

-7.9 

13.0 

8.3 

8.9 

-10.1 

-6.3 

-18.2 

11.5 

-6.5 

-15.9 

19.5 
5.9 

18.7 

0.2 

-5.2 

24.3 
18.5 
7.6 
0.5 
1.7 

-1.0 
16.9 
26.3 
1.2 
24.7 

-2.5 
-2.4 
12.8 
-L7 

0.6 

-2.2 

23.1 

-1L5 

-10.9 

0.8 

28.2 

-6.8 

-1.9 

8.9 

-8.4 

-6.2 


27.8 


6.8 


3L3 
22.7 
160.2 


1890- 
1900 


7.7 
9.9 
-5.6 
17.6 
15.0 

23.0 
11.5 
15.4 
7.8 
9.3 

8.7 
9.1 
6.9 
10.9 
14.9 

12.9 
20.1 
14.3 
12.9 
10.3 

12.8 
19.5 
24.8 
38.9 
17.1 

25.4 
74.4 
-3.9 
16.0 
7.1 

14.5 
18.4 
19.1 
12.1 
-0.8 

12.0 
8.1 
21.2 
21.3 
-4.6 

25.5 
3.7 
10.9 
13.0 
13.3 

35.8 
23.4 
13.2 
30.5 
24.7 

-4.4 
13.1 
9.9 
17.4 
36.2 

3.4 
24.9 
19.4 
10.2 

20.6 

2.6 

26.7 

12.6 

9.2 
13.9 
11.1 
12.8 

12.4 

14.7 

0.4 

-0.3 


86.4 

33.9 


113.8 
-5.9 
19.4 


TEXAS— Con. 


Armstrong . 
Atascosa... 

Austin 

Bailey 

Bandera... 


Bastrop. 
Baylor.. 

Bee 

Bell 

Bexar. . . 


Blanco... 
Borden . . 
Bosque.. 
Bowie . . . 
Brazoria. 


Brazos 

Brewster'. 

Briscoe 

Brown 

Burleson.. 


Burnet... 
Caldwell. 
Calhoun.. 
Callahan . 
Cameron. 


Camp 

Carson.... 

Cass 

Castro 

Cliaml)er8. 


Cherokee. 
ChUdress. 

Clay 

Cocliran.. 
Coke 


Coleman 

Collin 

CoUings  worth. 

Colorado 

Comal 


Comanche. 

Concho 

Cooke 

Coryell 

Cottle 


Crane 

Crockett. 
Crosby... 
Dallam.. 
Dailas.... 


Dawson'  ... 
De  Witt.... 
Deaf  Smith. 

Delta 

Denton 


Dickens. . 
Dimmit.. 
Donley... 

Duval 

Eastland. 


Ector 

Edwards. 
El  Paso.. 

Ellis 

Erath.... 


Falls 

Fannin 

Fayette 

Fisher 

Floyd 

Foard' 

Fort  Bend. 
Franklin... 
Freestone . . 
Frio 


Gaines'... 
Galveston. 
Garza '  . . . 
Gillespie.. 
Glasscock. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
iniles: 

1910 


903 
1,358 

728 
1,030 


867 

880 

856 

1,083 

1,263 

750 
895 
975 
873 
1,340 

597  , 
6,935 
903 
956 
684 

974 
511 
563 
854 
2,434 

207 
893 
951 
896 
618 

1,049 
733 

1,158 
869 
931 

1,290 


972 
669 

948 

918 

902 

1,085 

1,012 

878 
3,215 

870 
1,532 

869 

903 

879 

1,549 

261 

952 

881 
1,360 

906 
1,825 

926 

892 
2,352 
9,331 

975 
1,083 

745 
838 
968 
886 
1,011 

612 
792 
289 
882 
1,124 

1,540 
395 

870 
1,109 


POPULATION. 


1910 


2,682 

10,004 

17,699 

312 

4,921 

25,344 
8,411 
12,090 
49, 186 
119,676 

4,311 
1,386 
19,013 
34,827 
13,299 

18,919 
5,220 
2,162 
22,935 
18,687 

10,755 
24,237 
3,635 
12,973 
27,158 

9,551 
2,127 
27,587 
1,850 
4,234 

29,038 
9,538 

17,043 

65 

6,412 

22,618 
49,021 

6,224 
18,897 

8,434 

27,186 
6,654 
26,603 
21,703 
4,396 

331 

1,296 

1,765 

4,001 

136,748 

2,320 
23,501 

3,942 
14,566 
31,268 

3,092 
3,460 
6,284 
8,964 
23,421 

1,178 

3,768 

52,599 

53,629 

32,095 

36,649 
44,801 
29,796 
12,596 
4,638 

6,726 
18,168 

9,331 
20,667 

8,896 

1,255 
44,479 
1,995 
9,447 
1,143 


1900 


1,206 

7,143 

20,676 

4 

5,332 

26,845 
3,052 
7,720 
45,535 
69,422 

4,703 

776 

17,390 

26,676 

14,861 

18,850 
2,356 
1,253 
16,019 
18,367 

10,528 
21,765 
2.395 
8,768 
16,096 

9,146 

469 

22,841 

400 

3,046 

25,  IM 
2.138 
9,231 
25 
3,430 

10.077 
50,087 

1,233 
22,203 

7,008 

23,009 

1,427 

27,494 

21,308 

1,002 

51 

1,591 

788 

146 

82,726 

37 

21,311 

843 

15,249 

28,318 

1,151 
1,106 
2,756 
8.483 
17,971 

381 
3,108 
24,886 
50,059 
29,966 

33,342 
51,793 
36.542 
3,708 
2,020 

1,568 
16,538 

8,674 
18,910 

4,200 

65 

44,116 

185 

8,229 

286 


1890 


944 
6,459 
17,859 


3,795 

20,736 
2,595 
3,720 
33,377 
49,266 

4.649 
222 
14,224 
20,267 
11,606 

16,650 
710 


11, 421 
13,001 

10, 747 
15,769 
815 
5,457 
14,424 

6,624 

366 

22,564 

9 

2,241 

22,975 
1,175 
7,503 


2,ose 

6,112 

36,736 

357 

19,512 

6,398 

15,608 

1,065 

24,696 

16,873 

240 

15 

194 

346 

112 

67,042 

29 

14,307 

179 

9,117 

21,289 

295 

1,049 

1,056 

7.598 

10,373 

224 

1,970 

15,678 

31,774 

21,594 

20,706 

38,709 

31,481 

2,996 

529 


10,586 
6,481 

16,987 
3,112 

68 

31,476 

14 

7,056 

208 


PEB  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


122.6 

40.1 

-14.4 


-7.7 

-5.6 
175.6 

56.6 
8.0 

72.4 

-8.3 

78.6 

9.3 

30.6 

-10.5 

0.3 
121.6 
72.6 
43.2 

1.7 

2.2 
11.4 
51.8 
48.0 
68.7 

4.4 
353.6 

20.8 
362.5 

30.0 

16.4 
346.1 

84.6 


86.9 

124.6 
-2.1 
323.7 
-14.9 
20.3 

18.2 

366.3 

-3.2 

1.9 

338.7 


-18.5 

124.0 

2,640.4 

64.1 


10.3 
367.6 
-4.5 

10.4 

168.6 
212.8 

91.7 
5.7 

30.3 

209.2 
21.2 

in.  4 

7.1 
7.1 

6.9 
-13.6 
-18.5 
239.7 
129.6 

265.2 
9.9 
7.6 
8.7 

111.8 


0.8 

978.4 

14.8 

299.7 


'  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc..  of  counties,  see  page  53. 
>  A  decrease  of  less  than  one-tentn  of  1  per  cent. 


*  State  total  includes  population  (4)  specially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  credited 
to  any  county;  also  population  (3,067)  of  Buchel,  Foley,  and  Encinal  Counties^ 
annexed  to  Brewster  and  Webb  Counties  between  1890  and  1900. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


49 


AREA   AND   POPULATION   OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED   STATES:   1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


TEXAS— Con 

OoUad 

Gonzales 

Oray> 

Grayson 

Gregg 

Grimes 

Guadalupe 

Hale 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Hansford 

Hardeman' 

Hardin 

Harris 

Harrison 

Hartley 

Haskell 

Hays 

Hemphill 

Henclerson 

Hldal?o 

Hill.. 

Hockley 

Hood 

Hopkins 

Houston 

Howard 

Hunt 

Hutchinson' 

Irion 

Jack 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jen  Davis 

Jefterson 

Johnson 

Jones 

Karnes 

Kaufman 

Kendall 

Kent 

Kerr 

Kbnble 

King 

Kinney 

Knox' 

La  Salle 

Lamar 

Lamb  ' 

Lampasas 

Lavaca 

Lee 

Leon 

Liberty 

Limestone 

Lipscomb 

Live  Oak 

Llano 

Loving 

Lubbock 

Lynn i 

McCuUoch 

McLennan 

McMuIlen 

Madison 

Marlon 

Martin 

Mason 

Matagorda 

Maverick 

Medina 

Menard 

Midland... 

Milam 

Mills 

MltcheU 

Montague 

Montgomery . . . . 

Moore 

Morris 


Land 
area  in  \ 
square 
miles: 

1910 


799 
1,020 
899 
942 
312 

812 
703 
1,036 
901 
833 


761 

862 

1,654 

872 

1,507 
923 
623 
873 
946 

2,276 
966 
867 
405 
813 

1,231 


998 

962 
893 
978 
2,263 
920 

740 
922 
G92 
834 
598 

875 
1,197 
1,301 

867 
1,312 

862 
1,561 

945 
1,022 

740 

950 

562 

1,101 

1,160 

974 

888 

1,116 

971 

753 


1,073 

1,049 

1,302 

495 

391 

904 

969 

1,136 

1,251 

1,353 
914 


929 

1,017 

921 

259 


POPULATIOK. 


1910 


9,909 
28,055 

3,405 
65,996 
14,140 

21,205 
24,913 
7,566 
8,279 
15,315 

935 

11,213 

12,947 

115,693 

37, '243 

1,298 
16,249 
15,518 

3,170 
20,131 

13,728 
46,760 
137 
10,008 
31,038 

29,564 
8,881 

48,116 

892 

1,283 

11,817 
6,471 

14,000 
1,678 

38,182 

34,460 
24,299 
14,942 
35,323 
4,617 

2,655 
5,505 
3,261 
810 
3,401 

9,625 
4,747 
46,544 
540 
9,532 

26,418 
13, 132 
16,583 
10,686 
34,621 

2,634 
3,442 
6,520 
249 
3,624 

1,713 
13,405 
73,250 

l.Oyl 
10,318 

10,472 
1,549 
5,683 

13,594 
5,151 

13,415 
2,707 
3,404 

36, 780 
9,694 


25,123 

15,679 

561 

10,439 


1900 


8,310 
28,882 
480 
63,661 
12,343 

26,106 
21,385 
1,680 
1,670 
13,520 

167 
3,634 
5,049 
63,786 
31,878 

377 
2,637 
14, 142 

815 
19,970 

6,837 

41,355 

44 

9,146 
27,960 

25,452 

2,528 

47,295 

303 

848 

10,224 
6,094 
7,138 
1,150 

14,239 

33,819 
7,053 
8,681 

33,376 
4,103 


4,980 

2,503 

490 

2,447 

2,322 
2,303 
48,627 
31 
8,625 

28,121 
14,595 
18,072 
8.102 
32, 573 

790 

2,268 

7,301 

33 

293 

17 
3,960 

59,772 
1,024 

10,432 

10,754 
332 
5,573 
6,097 
4,066 

7,783 
2,011 
1.741 
39,666 
7,851 

2,855 

24,800 

17,067 

209 

8,220 


1890 


5,910 

18, 016 

203 

53,211 

9,402 

21,312 

15,217 

721 

703 

9,313 

133 

3,904 

3,956 

37,249 

26,721 

252 

1,665 

11,352 

519 

12,285 

6,534 
27,583 


7,614 
20,572 

19,360 

1,210 

31,885 

58 

870 

9,740 
3,281 
5,592 
1,394 
5,857 

22,313 
3,797 
3,637 

21,598 
3,826 

324 
4,462 
2,243 

173 
3,781 

1,134 

2,139 

37,302 

4 

7,584 

21,887 
11,952 
13,841 
4,230 
21,678 

632 

2,055 

6,772 

3 

33 

24 

3,217 

39,204 

1,038 

8,512 

10,862 
264 
5,180 
3,985 
3,698 

5,730 
1,215 
1,033 
24,773 
5,493 

2,059 

18,863 

11,765 

15 

6,580 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


19.2 

-2.9 

609.4 

3.7 

14.6 

-18.8 

16.5 

350.4 

395.7 

13.3 

459.9 
206.6 
156.4 
81.4 
16.8 

244.3 
616.2 

9.7 
289.0 

0.8 

100.8 
13.1 


9.4 
11.0 

16.2 

261.3 

1.7 

194.4 

61.3 

15.6 

6.2 

96.1 

46.9 

168.2 

1.9 

244.5 

72.1 

6.8 

10.1 

195.3 
10.5 
30.3 
66.3 
39.0 

314.5 
106.1 
-4.3 


10.6 

-6.1 

-10.0 

-8.2 

31.9 

6.3 

233.4 

51.8 

-10.7 


1,136.9 


238.5 

22.5 

6.5 

-1.1 

-2.6 
366.6 
2.0 
123.0 
26.7 

72.4 
34.6 
99.0 
-7.3 
23.5 

213.7 
1.3 
-8.1 
168.4 
27.0 


1890- 
1900 


40.6 
60.3 
136.5 
19.6 
31.3 

22.5 
40.5 
133.0 
137.6 
45.2 

26.6 
-6.9 
27.6 
71.2 
19.3 

49.6 
68.4 
24.6 
67.0 
62.6 

4.6 
49.9 


20.1 
36.9 

31.5 
106.9 
48.3 


-2.6 

5.0 

85.7 

27.6 

-17.6 

143.1 

61.6 
86.8 
138.7 
64.6 
7.2 

177.5 
11.6 
11.6 

183.2 
-36.3 

104.8 

7.7 

30.4 


23.1 
62.5 
-1.3 
22.6 

-1.0 

25.8 
7.6 
53.0 
10.0 

35.8 
65.5 
68.5 
60.1 
42.9 

38.7 
31.5 
45.1 


TEXAS— Con. 


j  Motley 

Nacogdoches . 

Navarro 

Newton 

Nolan 


13.7 

28.5 
22.1 
30.6 
91.5 
60.3 

25.0 
10.4 
7.8 


24.9 


Nueces 

Ochiltree . . 
Oldham.... 

Orange 

Pajo  I'into. 


Panola... 
Parker... 
Parmer » 
Pecos'... 
Polk 


Potter... 
Presidio. 
Rains... 
Randall. 
Reagan ' . 


Red  River. 

Reeves 

Refugio 

Roberts 

Robertson. 


Rockwall 

Runnels 

Rusk 

Sabine 

San  Augustine. 


San  Jacinto. . 
San  Patricio. 
San  Saba  ... 
Schleicher'.. 
Scurry 


Shackelford. 

Shelby 

Sherman.... 

Smith 

Somervell. . . 


Starr 

Stephens.. 
Sterilng'.. 
Stonewall. 
Sutton 


SwLsher. 
Tarrant. 
Taylor.. 
Terrell'. 
Terry'.. 


Throckmorton. 

Titus 

Tom  Green' 

Travis 

Trinity 


Tyler 

Upshur... 
Upton'.... 

Uvalde 

Val  Verde. 


Van  Zandt. 
Victoria.... 

Walker 

Waller 

Ward 


Washington. 

Webb' 

Wharton 

Wheeler 

Wichita 


Wilbarger. . . 
Williamson. 

Wilson 

Winkler'  ... 
Wise 


Wood 

Yoakum ' 

Young 

Zapata 

Za  valla 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


1,030 

1,059 

1,060 

889 

880 

2,276 
891 

1,543 
363 
958 

842 

875 

902 

4,134 

1,217 

934 

3,812 

267 

937 

1,071 

1,039 

2,781 

740 

882 

872 

149 
1,083 
983 
589 
622 

602 

676 

1,116 

1,387 

887 

947 
833 
936 
920 
184 

2,675 
925 
948 
852 

1,621 


903 

908 

2,635 

870 

879 

398 

1,454 

1,004 

716 

908 

600 

1,195 

1,589 

3,083 

831 
890 
791 
619 
827 

628 

3,219 

1,112 

895 

604 

928 
1,129 
813 
844 
863 

657 

879 

875 

1,288 

1,348 


POPULATION. 


1910 


2,396 
27,406 
47,070 
10,850 
11,999 

21,955 

1,602 

812 

9,528 

19,506 

20,424 

26,331 

1,555 

2,071 

17,459 

12,424 
5,218 
6,787 
3,312 
392 

28,564 

4,392 

2,814 

950 

27,454 

8,072 
20,858 
26,946 

8,582 
11,264 

9,542 
7,307 

11,245 
1,893 

10,924 

4,201 
26,423 

1,376 
41,746 

3,931 

13,151 
7,960 
1.493 
5,320 
1,569 

4,012 

108,572 

20,293 

1,430 

1,474 

4,563 
16,422 
17,882 
55,620 
12,768 

10,250 
19,960 
501 
11,233 
8,613 

25,651 
14,990 
16,061 
12,138 
2,389 

25,561 
22,503 
21,123 
5,258 
16,094 

12,000 
42,228 
17,066 
442 
26,450 

23,417 
602 

13,657 
3,809 
1,889 


1900 


1,257 

24,663 

43,374 

7,282 

2,611 

10,439 

267 

349 

5,905 

12,291 

21,404 
25,823 
34 
2,360 
14,447 

1,820 

3,673 

6,127 

963 


29,893 

1,847 

1,641 

620 

31,480 

8,531 
5,379 
26,099 
6,394 
8,434 

10,277 
2,372 
7,569 
515 
4,158 

2,461 

20,452 

104 

37,370 

3,498 

11,469 
6,466 
1,127 
2,183 
1,727 

1,227 
52,376 
10,499 


48 

1,750 
12,292 

6,804 
47,380 
10, 976 

11,899 
16,286 
48 
4,647 
5,263 

25,481 
13,678 
15,813 
14,240 
1,451 

32,931 
21,851 
16,942 
636 
5,806 

5,759 

38.072 

13,961 

60 

27, 116 

21,048 

26 

6,540 

4,760 

792 


1890 


139 

15,984 

26,373 

4,650 

1,573 

8,093 

198 

270 

4,770 

8,320 

14,328 

21,682 

7 

1,320 

10,332 

849 
1,698 
3,909 

187 


21,452 

1,247 

1,239 

326 

26,506 

5,972 
3,193 
18,559 
4,969 
6,688 

7,360 
1,312 
6,641 
155 
1,415 

2,012 

14,365 

.34 

28,324 

3,41^ 

10,749 
4,926 


1,024 
658 

100 
41,142 
6,957 


21 

g«2 

8,190 

5,152 

36,322 

7,048 

10, 877 
12,695 
62 
3,804 
2,874 

16,225 
8,737 
12,874 
10,888 
77 

29,161 
14,842 

7,584 
778 

4,831 

7,092 

25,909 

10,655 

18 

24, 134 

13,932 
4 
5,049 
3,562 
1,097 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


90.6 
11.1 
8.5 
49.0 
359.6 

110.3 
500.0 
132.7 
01.4 
58.7 

-4.6 
2.0 


-12.2 
20.8 

582.6 
42.1 
10.8 

243.9 


-4.4 
137.8 
71.5 
53.2 
-12.8 

-5.4 
287.8 
3.2 
34.2 
33.6 

-7.2 
208.1 
48.6 
267.6 
162.7 

70.7 
29.2 
1,223.1 
11.7 
12.4 

14.7 
23.4 
32.5 
143.7 
-9.1 

227.0 
107.3 
150.4 


160.7 
33.6 

162.8 
17.4 
16.3 

-13.9 
22.7 


141.7 
63.7 

0.7 

9.6 

1.6 

-14.8 

64.6 

-22.4 

3.0 

24.7 

726.7 

177.2 

108.4 
10.9 
22.2 


-2.6 
11.3 


108.8 
-20.0 
138.6 


29.5 

3.3.6 

-27.8 


72497^—13- 


-4  + 


'  For  changes  in  boandaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53. 


50 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,  1900, 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COXTNTT. 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


POPULATION. 


1910 


1900 


1890 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


1890- 
1900 


Land 
area  in 
square 
mUes: 

1910 


POPULATION. 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1910 


1900 


1890 


1900- 
1910 


UTAH. 


Beaver... 
Boxelder. 

Cache 

Carbons- 
Davis 


82,184 


373,351 


276,749 


1  210,779 


34.9 


31.3 


Emery*. . 
Garfielda. 
Grands... 

Iron 

Juab 


Kane'... 
MUlard., 
Morgan. 
Piute  2.. 
Eich.... 


Bait  Lake. 
San  Juan.. 
Sanpete'.. 
Sevier' 


Summit. 
Tooele... 
Uinta... 
Utah'... 


Wasatch 

Washington. 

Wayne' 

Weber 


VERMONT. 


Addison 

Bennington. 
Caledonia'.. 
Chittenden- 
Essex 


Franklin... 
Grand  Isle. 
Lamoille... 

Orange 

Orleans 


Butland 

Washington'. 
Windham.... 
Windsor 


VIRGINIA. 


Accomac 

Albemarle 

Alexandria 

Alexandria  city . 
Alleghany' 


Amelia 

Amherst 

Appomattox. 
Augusta'.... 
Bath 


Bedford 

Bland 

Botetourt. . . 
Bristol  city . 
BrunswicK.. 


Buchanan 

Buckingnam , 

Buena  Vista  city'. 

Campbell' 

Caroline 


Carroll 

Charles  City 

Charlotte 

Charlottesville  city. 
Chesterfield  


aarke 

Clifton  Forge  city'. 

Craig 

Culpeper 

Cimiberland 


2,660 
5,444 
1,164 
1,487 
275 

4,453 
5,234 
3,692 
3,256 
3,410 

4,215 

6,604 

626 

763 

1,027 

756 
7,761 
1,564 
1,978 

1,862 
6,849 
6,235 
2,034 

4,354 

2,465 

2,476 

541 


9.124 


756 
661 
618 
643 
638 

652 
83 
436 
676 


911 
719 
795 


40,262 


502 
750 
31 
1 
457 

371 
470 
342 
1,003 
645 

791 
360 
548 
2 
557 

614 
684 
3 
562 
529 

468 
188 
496 
1 
471 

171 
1 
333 
384 
293 


4,717 
13,894 
23,062 

8,624 
10,191 

6,750 
3,660 
1,595 
3,933 
10,702 

1,652 
6,118 
2,467 
1,734 
1,883 

131,426 
2,377 
16,704 
9,775 

8,200 

7,924 

7,050 

37,942 

8,920 

6,123 

1,749 

36,179 


366,966 


3,613 
10,009 
18,139 
5,004 
7,996 

4,657 
3,400 
1,149 
3,546 
10,082 

1,811 
5,678 
2,045 
1,954 
1,946 

77,725 
1,023 

16,313 
8,451 

9,439 

7,361 

6,458 

32,456 

4,736 

4,612 

1,907 

26,239 


843,641 


3,340 

7,642 

15,509 


6,751 

5,076 
2,457 
541 
2,683 
5,582 

1,685 
4,033 
1,780 
2,842 
1,527 

58,457 

365 

13,146 

6,199 

7,733 
3,700 
2,762 
23,768 

3,695 
4,009 


20,010 
21,378 
26,031 
42,447 
7,384 

29,866 
3,761 
12,585 
18,703 
23,337 

48,139 
41,702 
26,932 
33,681 


2,061,612 


21,912 
21,705 
24,381 
39,600 
8,056 

30,198 
4,462 
12,289 
19,313 
22,024 

44,209 
36,607 
26,660 
32,225 


a,864,184 


22,723 


832,422 

22,277 
20,448 
23,436 
35,389 
9,511 

29,755 
3,843 
12,831 
19,575 
22,101 

45,397 
29,606 
26,547 
31,706 


4,666,980 


30.6 
38.8 
27.1 
72.3 
27.5 

44.9 
7.6 
38.8 
10.9 
6.1 

-8.8 

7.7 

20.6 

-11.3 

-3.2 

69.1 

132.4 

2.4 

15.7 

-13.1 
7.6 
9.2 
16.9 

88.3 
11.1 
-&3 
39.4 


3.6 


-&7 

-1.6 

6.8 

7.2 

-8.3 

-LI 
-15.7 

2.4 
-3.2 

6.0 

8.9 

13.9 

LO 

4.6 


11.2 


36,650 
29,871 
10,231 
15.329 
14,173 

8,720 
18,932 

8,904 
32,445 

6,538 

29,549 
5,154 

17,727 
6,247 

19,244 

12,334 
15,204 
3,245 
23,043 
16,596 

21,116 
6,253 

15,785 
6,765 

21,299 

7,468 
5,748 
4,711 
13, 472 
9,195 


32,570 
28,473 
6,430 
14,528 
16,330 

9,037 
17,864 

9,662 
32,370 

5,595 

30,356 
5,497 

17,161 
4,579 

18,217 

9,692 
15,266 

2,388 
23,256 
16,709 

19,303 
5,040 

15,343 
6,449 

18,804 

7,927 


27,277 
26,788 

4,258 
14,339 

9,283 


17,551 
9,589 

30,030 
4,587 

31,213 
5,129 

14,854 
2,902 

17,245 

5,867 
14,383 


21,378 
16,681 

15,497 
5,066 

15,077 
5,591 

16,965 

8,071 


4,293 
14,123 
8,996 


3,835 
13,233 


12.5 

4.9 

59.1 

5.5 

-13.2 

-3.5 
6.0 

-7.8 
0.2 
16.9 

-2.7 
-6.2 

3.3 
36.4 

6.6 

27.3 
-0.4 

35.9 
-0.9 
-0.7 

9.4 
4.2 
2.9 
4.9 
13.3 

-6.8 


9.7 

-4.6 

2.2 


8.2 
31.0 
17.0 


18.4 

-8.3 
38.4 

112.4 
32.2 
80.6 

7.6 
40.8 
14.9 
-3L2 
27.4 

33.0 

813&4 

24.1 

36.3 

22.1 

98.9 

880.7 

36.6 

«27.0 
16.0 


n.i 


8.4 


-L6 

6.1 

4.0 

1L9 

-15.3 

L6 
16.1 
-4.2 
-1.3 
-0.3 

-2.6 

23.6 

0.4 

L6 


12.0 


19.4 
6.3 

51.0 
1.3 

75.9 

-0.3 

L8 

0.8 

7.8 

22.0 

-2.7 

7.2 

15.5 

67.8 

6.6 

65.2 
6.1 


0.2 

24.6 
-0.5 
1.8 
15.3 
10.8 

-L8 


11.9 

6.7 

-5.1 


VIRGINIA— Con. 


Danville  city  '. 

Dickenson 

Dinwiddie 

Elizabeth  City. 
Essex 


Fairfax... 
Fauquier.. 

Floyd 

Fluvanna. 
Franklin.. 


Frederick 

Fredericksburg  city. 

Giles 

Gloucester 

Goochland , 


Grayson 

Greene 

Greensville. 

Halifax 

Hanover... 


Henrico' 

Henry 

Highland 

Isle  of  Wight. 
James  City.. 


King  and  Queen. 

King  George 

King  William 

Lancaster 

Lee 


Loudoun. 

Louisa 

Lunenburg 

Lvnchburg  city  ». . . 
MTadison 


Mathews 

Mecklenburg. 
Middlesex. 


Montgomery' 
Nansemou' 


ryj 
d.. 


Nelson 

New  Kent 

Newport  News  city* 

Norfolk' 

Norfolk  city' 


Northampton 

Northumberland. 
Nottoway. 


Patrick 

Petersburg  city . . . 

Pittsylvania' 

Portsmouth  city'. 
Powhatan 


Prince  Edward. 
Prince  George. . . 
Prince  William. 
Princess  Anne.. 
Pulaski , 


Radford  city' 

Rappahannock. . 

Richmond 

Richmond  city  ' . 
Roanoke' 


Roanoke  city ' 
Rockbridge'.. 
Rockingham.. 

Russell 

Scott 


3 

325 

618 

64 

258 

417 
666 
376 
286 
697 

434 

1 

369 

223 

287 

425 
165 
307 
814 
612 

266 
444 
422 
314 
164 

320 
180 
263 
130 
446 

619 
616 
430 
5 
324 

94 
669 
146 
396 
423 

473 

191 

2 

404 

7 

239 
205 
310 
369 
322 

486 

3 

1,012 

3 

273 

356 
294 
345 
279 
333 

6 

274 

204 

11 

300 

5 
613 
876 
496 
543 

610 
435 
604 
412 
274 


19,020 
9,199 
15,442 
21,225 
9,105 

20,536 
22,526 
14,092 
8,323 
26,480 

12,787 
5,874 
11,623 
12,477 
9,237 

19,856 
6,937 
11,890 
40,044 
17,200 

23,437 
18,459 

5,317 
14,929 

6,338 

9,576 
6,378 
8,547 
9,752 
23,840 

21, 167 
16,578 
12,780 
29,494 
10,056 

8,922 
28,956 

8,852 
17,268 
26,886 

16,821 
4,682 
20,205 
52,744 
67,452 

16,672 
10,777 
13,462 
13,486 
14,147 

17,195 
24,127 
50,709 
33,190 
6,099 

14,266 
7,848 
12,026 
11,526 
17,246 

4,202 
8,044 
7,415 
127,028 
19,623 

34,874 
21,171 
34,903 
23,474 
23,814 

20,942 
20,326 
26,302 
9,935 
8,070 


» State  total  includes  population  (2,874)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enumer- 
ated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

*  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  63. 
>  Bee  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 


Shenandoah 

Smyth 

Southampton 

Spotsylvania  .... 

Stafford 

*  State  total  includes  population  (9,715  in  1900  and  9,246  in  1890)of  Manchester 
city,  made  Independent  of  Chesterfield  County  in  1874,  annexed  to  Richmond  city, 
April  15, 1910. 


16,520 

7,747 
15,374 
19,400 

9,701 

18,580 
23,374 
15,388 
9,050 
25,953 

13,239 
5,068 
10,793 
12,832 
9,519 

16,853 
6,214 
9,758 
37,197 
17,618 

30,062 
19,265 

5,647 
13,102 

5,732 

9,265 
6,918 
8,380 
8,949 
19,856 

21,948 
16,517 
11,705 
18,891 
10,216 

8,239 
26,551 

8,220 
15,852 
23,078 

16,075 
4,865 
19,635 
50,780 
46,624 

13,770 
9,846 
12,366 
12,571 
13,794 

15,403 
21,810 
46,894 
17,427 
6,824 

15,045 
7,752 
11,112 
11,192 
14,609 

3,344 
8,843 
7,088 
85,050 
15,837 

21, 495 
21,799 
33,527 
18,031 
22,694 

20,253 
17,121 
22,848 
9,239 
8,097 


10,305 
5,077 
13,515 
16,168 
10,047 

16,655 
22,590 
14,405 
9,508 
24,985 

12,684 
4,528 
9,090 

11,653 
9,958 

14,394 
5,622 
8,230 
34,424 
17,402 

22,006 
18,208 

5,352 
11,313 

5,643 

9,669 
6,641 
9,605 
7,191 
18,216 

23,274 
16,997 
11,372 
19,709 
10,225 

7,584 
25,359 

7,458 
17,742 
19,692 

15,336 
5,611 


28,899 
34,871 

10,313 

7,8§fe 
11,582 
12,814 
13,092 

14,147 
22,680 
49,636 
13,268 
6,791 

14,694 
7,872 
9,805 
9,510 

12,790 


8,678 
7,146 
81,388 
13,942 

16,159 
23,062 
31,299 
16,126 
21,694 

19,671 
13.360 
20,078 
9,705 
7,362 


15.1 
18.7 
0.4 
9.1 
-6.1 

10.5 
-3.6 
-8.4 
-8.0 
2.0 

-3.4 
15.9 
7.7 
-2.8 
-3.0 

17.8 
11.6 
21.8 
7.7 
-2.4 

-22.0 
-4.2 
-5.8 
13.9 
10.6 

3.4 
-7.8 
2.0 
9.0 
20.1 

-3.6 
0.4 
9.2 
56.1 

-1.6 

8.3 
9.1 
7.7 
8.9 
16.6 

4.6 
-3.8 
2.9 
3.9 
44.7 

21.1 
9.5 
8.9 
7.3 
2.6 

11.6 
10.6 
8.1 
90.5 
-10.6 

-5.2 

1.2 

8.2 

3.0 

18.1 

25.7 
-9.0 
4.6 
50.1 
23.9 

62.2 
-2.9 

4.1 
30.2 

4.9 

3.4 
18.7 
15.1 

7.5 
-0.3 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


51 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF   COUNTIES   AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN   THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,   1900, 

AND  1890— Continued.  < 

[Per  cent  not  sbown  where  base  Is  leas  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13 -Con. 

COUNTY. 


VIKGIinA— Con 

Staunton  clty»... 

Surry 

Sussex 

Tazewell 

Warren 

Warwick  • 

Washington 

Westmoreland 

Winchester  city. . 

Wise 

Wythe 

York 


WASHnraxoN . 

Adams 

Asotin 

Benton  > 

Chehaiis 

Chelan' 

Clallam 

Clarke 

Columbia 

Cowlitz 

Douglas' 

Fcrry« 

Franklin 

Garfield 

Grant' 

Island 

Jefferson 

King 

Kitsap 

Kittitas' 

KUddtot' 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Mason 

Okanogan ' 

PaciOc 

Pierce 

San  Juan 

Skagit 

Skamania 

Snohomish 

Spokane 

Stevens ' 

Thurston 

Wahkiakum 

Walla  WaUa 

Whatcom 

Whitman 

Yakima' 


WEST  vmonriA. 


Barbour.. 
Berkeley. 

Boone 

Braxton.. 
Brooke... 


Cabell 

Calhoun 

Clay 

Doddridge. 
Fayette 


Gilmer 

Grant 

Greenbrier. 
Hampshire. 
Hancock... 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


3 
278 
515 
531 

216 
67 
602 
252 

1 

420 
479 
136 


66,836 


1,912 
606 
1,671 
1,927 
2,900 

1,726 

634 

858 

1,153 

1,787 

2,220 
1,206 

694 
2,720 

208 

1,747 
2,111 
371 
2,3S 
1,826 

2,369 

2,302 

930 

5,221 


1,701 
178 
1,774 
1,685 
2,064 

1,756 

3,866 

709 

267 

1,265 
2,082 
2,108 
5,059 


24,022 


348 
325 
606 
517 


261 
286 
332 
317 
667 

331 
461 
998 
648 
83 

574 
416 
461 
211 
860 


POPULATION. 


1910 


10,604 
9,715 
13,664 
24,940 

8,589 
6,041 
32,830 
9,313 

5,864 
34,162 
20,372 

7,757 


1,141,990 


10.920 

5,831 

7,937 

35,590 

15,104 

6,756 
26,115 

7,042 
12,561 

9,227 

4,800 
6,153 
4,199 
8,698 
4,704 

8,337 
284,638 
17,647 
18,561 
10,180 

32,127 
17,539 
5,156 
12,887 
12,532 

120,812 
3,603 

29,241 
2,887 

69,209 

139,404 
25,297 
17,581 
3,285 

31,931 
49,511 
33,280 
41,709 


1,221,119 


15,858 
21,999 
10,331 
23,023 
11,098 

46,686 
11,258 
10,233 
12,672 
51,903 

11,379 
7,838 
24,833 
11,694 
10,465 

9,163 
48,381 
20,956 
1.5,889 

81,457 


190U 


7,289 
8,469 
12,082 
23,384 

8,837 
4,888 
28,995 
9,243 

5,161 
19,653 
20,437 

7,482 


518,103 


4,840 
3,366 


15,124 
3,931 

6,603 
13, 419 
7,128 
7,877 
4,926 

4,662 

486 

3,918 


1,870 

6,712 
110,053 
6,767 
9,704 
6,407 

15, 157 
11,969 
3,810 
4,689 
5,983 

65,615 
2,928 

14,272 
1,688 

23,950 

57,542 
10,543 
9,927 
2,819 

18,680 
24, 116 
25,360 
13,462 


868,800 


Hardy 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

ECanawha 

>  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  S3. 
»  State  total  includes  population  (7,842)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties, 
s  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32. 


14,198 
19,469 

8,194 
18,904 

7,219 

29,252 
10,266 
8,248 
13,689 
31,987 

11.762 
7;  275 
20,683 
11,806 
6,693 

8,449 
27,690 
22.987 
15,935 
54,696 


1890 


6,975 
8,256 
11,100 
19,899 

8,280 

6,650 

26,118 

8,399 

5,196 
9,345 
18,019 
7,596 


*857,282 


2,098 
1,580 


9,249 


2,771 
11,709 
6,709 
6,917 
3,161 


3,897 
"i,'787 

8,368 
63,989 
4,624 
8,777 
6,167 

11,499 
9,312 
2,826 
1,467 
4,358 

60,940 
2,072 
8,747 
774 
8,514 

37,487 
4,341 
9,675 
2,626 

12,224 
18,591 
19,109 
4,429 


762,794 


12,702 
18,702 

6,885 
13,928 

6,660 

23,595 

8.155 

4,659 

12,183 

20,542 

9,746 
6,802 
18,034 
11,419 
6,414 

7,567 
21,919 
19,021 
15,553 
42,756 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCEEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


45.5 
14.7 
13.1 
6.7 

-2.8 
23.6 
13.2 
0.8 

13.6 

73.8 

-0.3 

3.7 


120.4 


125.6 
73.2 


135.3 
284.2 

2a6 
94.6 
-1.2 
60.6 
87.3 

6i2 

9603 

7.2 


1890- 
1900 


16L6 

4&0 
158.6 
16a  8 
91.3 
5&9 

112.0 
46.5 
35l3 
174  8 
109.5 

117.6 
23.1 

104.9 
71.0 

147.2 

142.3 
139.9 
77.1 
16.5 

7a  9 
105.3 

31.2 
209.8 


27.4 


11.7 
13.0 
26.1 
21.8 
53.7 

59.6 
9.7 
24.1 
-7.4 
62.3 

-3.3 

7.7 

2ai 
-a  9 

56.4 

&5 

74.7 
-8  8 

-a  3 

48  9 


4.5 

2.6 
8.8 
17.5 

6.7 

-26.5 

11.0 

lao 

-0.7 
110.3 
13.4 
-1.5 


4S.0 


13a  7 

113.0 


»61.4 


•87.2 
14.6 
6.2 
33.1 
6&8 


-30  2 

ae 


46 

•-32.2 

»71.  8 

*43.3 

10  6 

24.0 

3L8 
2&5 
34.8 
» 170. 3 
37.3 

9.0 

41.3 

•60.0 

118.1 

•176.8 

63.6 

«129.3 

2.6 

11.6 

52.8 

»27.8 

32.7 

«153.8 


26.7 


11.8 
4.1 
19.0 
35.7 
8.4 

24.0 
25.9 
77.0 
12.4 
65.7 

2a7 
7.0 

14.7 
3.4 
4.3 

11.7 
2a  3 
20.9 
2.5 
27.9 


WEST  VIHGmZA 
—Con. 

Lewis , 

Lincoln , 

Loran' 

McDowell 

Marion 


Marshall. 

Mason 

Mercer... 
Mineral.. 
Mingo'.. . 


Monongalia. 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Nich'olas 

Ohio 


Pendleton.. 
Pleasants. . . 
Pocahontas. 

Preston 

Putnam 


Raleigh... 
Randolph. 
Ritchie.... 

Roane 

Summers.. 


Taylor. . 
Tucker.. 
Tyler... 
Unshur. 
Wayne.. 


Webster... 
Wetzel.... 

Wirt 

Wood 

Wyoming. 


wiscoirsnr . 


Adams 

Ashland'. 

Barron 

Bayfield: . 
Brown 


Buffalo 

Burnett 

Calumet... 
Chippewa'. 
Clark 


Columbia. 
Crawford.. 

Dane 

Dodge.... 
Door 


Douglas 

Dunn 

Eau  Claire... 

Florence 

Fond  du  Lac. 


Forest' 

Grant 

Green 

Green  Lake. 
Iowa 


Iron'.... 
Jackson . . 
Jefferson. 
Juneau... 
Kenosha. 


Kewaunee. 
Lacrosse.. 
Lafayette.. 
Langlade . . 
Lincoln 


Manitowoc. 
Marathon . . 
Marinette . . 
Marquette . 
Milwaukee . 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


393 
418 
438 
533 
315 

310 
476 
419 
349 
416 

368 
457 
233 
680 
107 

699 
132 
904 
660 
336 

607 
1,036 
463 
622 
360 

176 
406 
260 
361 
617 

683 
867 
218 
364 
602 


66,256 


684 
1,082 

886 
1,603 


687 

860 

324 

1,039 

1,218 

778 
679 
1,202 
897 
469 

1,337 
869 
638 
497 
726 

1,400 

1,169 

693 

360 

781 

792 
990 
652 
802 
282 

337 
481 
642 
875 
902 

602 

1,554 

1,415 

457 

235 


POPULATION. 


1910 


18,281 
20,491 
14,476 
47,856 
42,794 

32,388 
23,019 
38,371 
16,674 
19,431 

24,334 
13,055 

7,848 
17,699 
57,572 

9,349 
8,074 
14,740 
26,341 
18,587 

25,633 
26,028 
17,875 
21,543 
18,420 

16,554 
18,675 
16,211 
16,629 
24,081 

9,680 
23,855 

9,047 
38,001 
10,392 


2,388,860 


1900 


8,604 
21,965 
29,114 
15,987 
64,098 

16,006 
9,026 
16,701 
32,103 
30,074 

31,129 
16,288 
77,435 
47, 436 
18,711 

47,422 
25,260 
32, 721 
3,381 
61, 610 

6,782 
39,007 
21,641 
15,491 
22,497 

8,306 
17,075 
34,306 
19,569 
32,929 

16,784 
43,996 
20,075 
17,062 
19,064 

44,978 
55,054 
33,812 
10,741 
433, 187 


16,980 
15,434 
6,955 
18,747 
32,430 

26,444 
24,142 
23,023 
12,883 
11,359 

19,049 
13,130 
7,294 
11,403 
48,024 

9,167 
9,345 
8,572 
22,727 
17,330 

12,436 
17,670 
18,901 
19,852 
16,265 

14,978 
13,433 
18,252 
14,690 
23,619 

8,862 
22,880 
10,284 
34,452 

8,380 


1890 


15,895 
11,246 
11,101 
7,300 
20,721 

20,735 
22,8()3 
16,002 
12,08.5 


15,705 
12,429 
6,744 
9,309 
41,557 

8,711 
7,539 
6,814 
20,355 
14,342 

9,597 
11,633 
16,621 
15,303 
13,117 

12,147 
6,459 
11,962 
12,714 
18,652 

4,783 
16,841 

9,411 
28,612 

6.247 


2,069,042   41,693,830 


9,141 
20,176 
23,677 
14,392 
46,359 

16,765 
7,478 
17,078 
33,037 
25,848 

31, 121 
17,286 
69,435 
46,631 
17,583 

36,335 
25,043 
31,692 
3,197 
47,589 

1,396 
38,881 
22, 719 
15,797 
23,114 

6,616 
17,466 
34,789 
20,629 
21,707 

17,212 
42,997 
20,959 
12,553 
16,269 

42,261 
43,256 
30,822 
10,509 
330,017 


6,889 
20,063 
15,416 

7,390 
39,164 

16,997 
4,393 
16,639 
25,143 
17,708 

28,350 
15,987 
69,578 
44,984 
15,682 

13,468 
22,664 
30,673 
2,604 
44,088 

1,012 
30,651 
22,732 
15,163 
22,117 


PEB  CENT  or 
INCEEASE. 


1900- 
1910 


7.7 
32.8 
108.1 
155.3 
32.0 

22.5 
-4.7 
6&7 
29.4 
71.1 

27.7 

-a  6 

7.6 
55.2 
19.9 

2.0 

-lao 

72.0 
15.9 
7.3 

106.1 
47.3 

-5.4 
85 
13.2 

ia5 

39.0 

-11.2 

13.2 

2.0 

9.2 

4.3 

-12.0 

ia3 

24.0 


12.8 


15,797 
33,530 
17, 121 
15,581 

16,153 
38,801 
20,265 
9,465 
12,008 

37,831 
30,369 
20,304 
9,676 
236, 101 


-5.9 
8.9 
23.0 
11.1 
16.7 

-4.6 
20.7 
-2.2 
-2.8 
16.3 

(») 

-6.8 
11.6 
1.7 
6.4 

30.5 
a  9 
3.2 
6.8 
8.4 

386.8 
a  3 
-4.7 
-1.9 
-2.7 

26.6 
-2.2 
-1.4 
-6.1 

51.7 

-2.6 
2.3 

-4.2 
36.9 
17.2 

6.4 
27.3 
9.7 
2.2 
31.3 


*  State  total  includes  population  (6,450)  of  Indian  reservations  specially  enu- 
merated In  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 
'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


52 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES  AND  EQUIVALENT  SUBDIVISIONS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910,   1900 

AND  1890— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  13— Con. 

COUNTY. 


WISCONSIN 
Con. 

Monroe 

Oconto 

Oneida' 

Outagamie 

Ozaukee 

Pepfai 

Pierce 

Polk 

Portage 

Price 

Racine 

Richland 

Rock 

Rusk> 

St.  Croix 

Sauk 

Sawyer 

Shawano 

Sheboygan 

Taylor 

Trempealeau 

Vernon 

VUass 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


POPULATION. 


1910 


937 
1,118 
901 
646 
233 

236 
563 
935 
812 
1,279 

324 
590 
716 
925 
735 

842 
1,320 
1,158 

521 

991 

748 
821 


28,881 
25,657 
11,433 
49,102 
17,123 

7,577 
22,079 
21,367 
30,945 
13,795 

57,424 
18,809 
55,538 
11,160 
25,910 

32,86", 

6,227 

31,884 

54,888 

13,641 

22,928 

28,116 

6,019 


1900 


28,103 
20,874 
8.875 
46,247 
16,363 

7,905 
23,943 
17,8ri 
29,483 

9,106 

45,644 
19,483 
51,203 


26,830 

33,006 
3,593 
27,475 
50,345 

11,262 

23,114 

28,351 

4,929 


1890 


23,211 
15,009 
5,010 
38,690 
14,943 

6,932 
20,385 
12,968 
24,798 

5,258 

36,268 
19, 121 
43,220 


23,139 

30,575 

1,97/ 
19,236 
42,489 

6,731 
18,920 
25,111 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


2.8 

22.9 

28,8 

6.2 

4.6 

-4.1 
-7.8 

20.0 
5.0 

51.5 

25.8 

-3.5 

8.5 


-3.4 

-0.4 
73.3 
16.0 
9.0 

21.1 
-0.8 
-0.8 

22.1 


1890- 
1900 


21.1 
137.5 

77.1 

116.9 

9.5 

14.0 
17.5 
37.3 
18.9 
73.2 

25.9 
1.9 

18.5 


16.0 

8.0 

137.6 

»34.4 

18.5 

67.3 
22.2 
12.9 


WISCONSIN- 
Con. 

Walworth 

Washburn 

Washington 

Waukesha 

Waupaca 

Waushara 

Winnebago 

Wood 

WYOMmG... 

Albany 

Bighorn' 

Carbon' 

Converse 

Crook' 

Fremont' 

Johnson' 

Laramie 

Natrona' 

Park' 

Sheridan 

Sweetwater 

Uinta 

Weston' 

Yellowstone  Nat.Pk.* 


Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 


560 
835 
431 
549 

759 
646 
459 
809 


97,694 


4,401 
6,768 
8,029 
6,740 
5,441 

12,659 
4,175 
6,992 
5,353 
5,420 

2,575 
10,500 
11,044 
4,593 
2,904 


POPULATION. 


1910 


29,614 

8,196 

23,784 

37,100 

32,782 
18,886 
62,110 
30,583 

146,966 


11,574 
8.886 

11,282 
6,294 
6,492 

11,822 
3,453 

26, 127 
4,766 
4,909 

16,324 
11,575 
16,982 
4,960 
519 


1900 


29,2.59 
5,521 
23,589 
35,229 

31,615 
15,972 
58,225 
25,865 


92,631 


13,084 
4,328 
9,589 
3,337 
3,137 

5,357 

2,361 

20,181 

1,785 


5,122 
8,455 
12,223 
3,203 
369 


1890 


27,860 
2,926 
22,751 
33,270 

26, 794 
13,507 
50,097 
18, 127 

3  62,555 


PER  CENT  op 
INCREASE. 


1900- 
1910 


1.2 
48.5 
0.8 
5.3 

3.7 

18.2 
6.7 
18.2 

67.7 


8,865 


6,857 
2,738 
2,338 

2,463 
2,357 
16, 777 
1,094 


1,972 
4,941 
7,414 
2,422 
467 


-11.5 
105.3 
17.7 
88.6 
106.9 

120.7 
46.3 
29.5 

167.0 


218.7 
36.9 
38.9 
54.9 
40.7 


1890- 
1900 


5.0 

88.7 
3.7 
5.9 

18.0 
18.2 
16.2 
42.7 


47.9 


47.6 


39.8 
21.9 
34.2 

»37.9 
0.2 
20.3 
63.2 


159.7 
7L1 
64.9 
32.2 
-21.0 


1  See  headnote  to  table,  page  32.  *  Geographically  located  within  the  limits  of  Wyoming,  Idaho,  and  Montana; 

« For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  counties,  see  page  53.  total  population  returned  in  Wyoming. 

» State  total  includes  population  (1,850)  of  Indian  reservations  si)ecially  enumerated  in  1890,  not  distributed  by  counties. 

AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  SUBDIVISIONS  OF  ALASKA  IN  1910,  HAWAII  IN  1910,  1900,  AND  1890,  AND  PORTO  RICO 

IN  1910  AND  1899. 


[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 

• 

Table  14 

RECORDER'S  DISTRICT. 

1910 

recorder's  district. 

1910 

RECORDER'S  DISTRICT. 

1910 

AT^ASEAi  (area in  sq.  miles,  590,884). . 

64,366 

ALASKA— Conthiued. 
Third  Judicial  District 

20,078 

ALASKA— Continued. 
Fourth  Judicial  District 

FiBST  Judicial  District 

15,216 

16, 711 

Chandalar  district 

5,854 
3,520 
2,210 
1,980 
1,652 

12,351 

1,083 

4,502 

677 

553 

1,779 

271 

623 

1,692 

2,448 

19 

103 

210 

1,303 

4,815 

368 

Ketchikan  district 

Circle  district 

799 

Sitka  district ■. 

Eagle  district 

543 

Fairbanks  district 

7, 675 

Fort  Gibbon  district 

858 

Fortymile  district 

341 

Second  Judicial  District 

Hot  Springs  district 

372 

68 

3,924 
686 
543 
308 

2,201 

S,711 
2,262 
1,007 
293 
1,127 

£,»5B 

455 

Kuskokwim  district  (part  of) 

491 

Fairhaven  Sistricit 

[For  total,  see  judicial  district  2.] 

[For  total,  see  judicial  district  2.] 
Mount  McKiiiley  district 

232 

Kubkokwim  district  (part  of) 

Total/or  Kwkokwim  district  injudi- 

785 

Ophir  district 

562 

Otter  district 

1,234 

Rampart  district 

370 

St.  iuchael  district  (part  of) 

1,128 

St.  Lawrence  Island  district 

[For  total,  see  judicial  district  2.] 
Tanana  district 

St.  Michael  district  (part  of ) 

Total  for  St.  Michael  district  injudi- 

430 

» The  population  of  Alaska  in  1900  was  63,592  and  in  1890, 32,052;  from  1900  to  1910  the  increase  was  764,  or  1.2  i>er  cent;  from  1890  to  1900  it  was  31,540,  or  98.4  per  cent. 


Table  14— Continued. 

Land 
area  in 
square 
miles: 

1910 

POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 

1»10 

1900 

1890 

1900- 
1910 

1890- 
1900 

TTAWATTl 

6,449 

191,909  ;        164,001 

'89,990 

24.6 

71.1 

Hawaii  i . .                                             

4,015 

600 

11 

641 

1,182 

55,382  i            46,843 
82,028  !           58,504 
785                1,177 
23,952              20,734 
29,762  i           26.743 

26,754 
31,194 

18.2 
40.2 
-33.3 
15.5 
11.3 

75.1 

Honolulu  1 

87.5 

JB:auali.                                                         

11.859 
•20,183 

74.8 

Haul*.    .                                                            

32.5 

>  County  organization  went  into  eflect  in  1905;  comparison  for  1890  and  1900  made  from  population  of  island  groups. 
'  Figures  derived  from  the  census  taken  as  of  Dec.  28,  1890,  under  +he  direction  of  the  Hawaiian  Government. 
•  Includes  population,  not  returned  separately,  of  territory  taken  to  form  Kalawao  County  in  1905. 


POPULATION  OF  COUNTIES. 


53 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  SUBDIVISIONS  OF  ALASKA  IN  1910,  HAWAII  IN  1910,  1900,  AND  1890,  AND  PORTO  RIOO 

IN  1910  AND  1899— Continued. 

[A  minus  sign  ( — )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  14— Continued. 

MUNICIPAL  DISTRICT. 


PORTO  RICO  (area, 
sq.  miles,  3,435) 

Adjuntas 

Aguada  

Aguadilla 

Aeuas  Buenas 

Aibonlto 

Anasco 

Arecibo 

Arroyo 

Barceloneta 

Barranquitas 

Barros 

Bayamon 

Cabo  Rojo 

Caguas 

Camuy 

Carolina 

Cayey 

Ciales 

Cldra 

Coamo 

Comerlo 

Corozal 


POPXTLATION. 


1910 


1,118,012 

16,954 
11,587 
21,419 
8, 292 
10,815 

14,407 
42,429 
6,940 
11,644 
10,503 

15,028 
29,986 
19,562 
27,160 

11,342 
15,327 
17,  ni 
18,398 

10,595 
17,129 
11,170 
12,978 


1899 


963,243 

19, 484 
10,581 
17,830 
7,977 
8,596 

13,311 
36,910 
4,867 
9,357 
8,103 

14,845 
19,940 
16,154 
19,857 

10,887 
11,965 
14,442 
18.115 

7,552 
15,144 

8.249 
11,508 


Percent 
of 

increase: 
1899- 
1910 


17.3 

-lao 

9.5 

2ai 

3.9 
25.8 

&2 
15.0 
42.6 
24.4 
29l6 

1.2 

sa4 ! 

21.1  I 
36.8  I 

i 
4.2: 

2ai  ' 

22.6 
L6 

4X3 
131 
35.4 
12.8 


innnciFAi.  district. 


PORTO  RICO— 
Con. 

Culebrai 

Dorado 

Fajardo 

Ouayama 

Guayanllla 

Gurabo 

Hat^Uo 

Humacaoi 

Isabela , 

JuanaDiaz 

Junoos 

Lajas 

Lares 

Las  Marias 

Loiza , 

Manatl , 

Maricao 

Maunabo 

Mayague*> 

Moca 

Morovis 

Naguabo 

N'aranjito 


POPUUITION. 

1910 

1899 

1,315 

704 

4,886 

3,804 

21,135 

16,782 

17,379 

12,749 

10,354 

9,540 

11,139 

8,700 

10,630 

10,449 

.    26,678 

22,915 

16,852 

14,888 

29,157 

27,896 

11,692 

8,429 

11,071 

8,789 

22,650 

20,883 

10,046 

11,279 

13,317 

12,522 

17,240 

13,989 

7,158 

8,312 

7,106 

6,221 

42,429 

38,915 

13,640 

12,410 

12,446 

11,309 

14,365 

10,873 

8,876 

8,101 

Percent 

of 
increase: 

1899- 

1910 


28.4 
25.9 
36.3 
&5 

28.0  : 

1.7  I 
16.4  I 

ia2  I 

4.5  \ 

38.7  i 
26.0  i 
&5  ' 

-lao  i 

&3  I 

23.2  I 
-13.9 
14.2 
ftO 

9.9 

lai 

32.1 
9.6 


KUKICIPAL  DISTRICT. 


PORTO  RICO 
Con. 

PatlUas 

Penuelas 

Ponce  

Quebradillas 

Rincon 

Rio  Grande 

RioPledras 

Sabana  Grande.. 

Salinas '. . . 

San  German 

San  Juan 

San  Lorenzo 

San  Sebastian . . . 

Santa  Isabel 

ToaAJta..: 

ToaBaja 

Trujillo  Alto.... 

Utuado 

Vega  Alta 

VegaBaja 

Vieques' 

Yabucoa 

Yauco 


POPULATION. 


1910 


1899 


14,448 
11,991 
63,444 
8,152 
7,275 

13,948 
18,880 
11,523 
11,403 
22,143 

48, 716 
14,278 
18,904 
6,959 
9,127 

6,254 
6,345 
41,054 
8,134 

12,831 
10,425 
17,338 
31,504 


11,163 
12,129 
55,477 
7,432 
6,641 

12,365 
13,760 
10,560 
5,731 
20,246 

32,048 
13,433 
16, 412 
4,858 
7,908 

4,030 
5,683 
43,8(0 
6,107 

10,305 
» 5,938 
13,905 
27,119 


Percent 

of 

increase: 

1899- 

1910 


29.4 

-1.1 

14.4 

9.7 

9.5 

12.8 
37.2 

9.1 
99:0 

9.4 

62.0 
6.3 
15.2 
43.2 
15.4 

55.2 
11.6 
-6.4 
33.2 

24.5 
75. « 
24.7 
16.2 


1  For  changes  in  boundaries,  etc.,  of  munlolpalitiee,  see  note  below.    *  Excludes  population  (704)  of  the  island  of  Cuiebra,  organized  as  Municipality  of  Culebra  since  1899. 

KOTES  REGARDINO  CHAITGES  IK  COXTNTT  BOUNDARIES. 


Alabama— fflOO-/fl/0.-  Organized,  Houston;  gain  in  area,  Cullman;  loss  in  area, 
Blount,  Dale,  Geneva,  Henry;  both  gain  and  loss,  Calhoun,  Cleburne.  1890-1900: 
Gain  in  area,  Clay,  Franklin,  Walker;  loss  in  area,  Jefferson,  Lawrence,  Talladega; 
both  gain  and  loss,  Colbert. 

XKoa^K— 1890-1900:  Organized,  Coconino,  Navajo,  Santa  Gnu;  loss  in  area, 
Apache,  Pima,  Yavapai. 

Arkansas— f90O-Id/(7.-  Gain  in  area,  Lafayette,  Logan,  Mississippi,  Sebastian; 
loss  in  area,  Columbia,  Scott.  1890-1900:  Gain  in  area.  Clay,  Crawford,  Sevier;  loss 
in  area,  Franklin,  Greene,  Howard. 

CxuroRNiA— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Imperial;  gain  in  area,  Kings;  loss  in  area, 
Frespo,  San  Di^o.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Glenn,  Kings,  Madera,  Riverside;  loss  in 
area,  Colusa,  Fresno,  San  Bernardino,  San  Diego,  Tulare. 

Colorado — 1900-1910:  Organized,  Adams,  Denver,  Jackson;  gain  In  area.  Park, 
Washington,  Yuma;  loss  in  area,  Arapahoe,  Denver,  Jefferson,  Larimer;  both  gain 
and  loss,  Adams.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Mineral,  Teller;  loss  in  area,  Chaffee,  El 
Paso,  Hinsdale,  Rio  Grande,  Saguache;  Doth  gain  and  loss,  Fremont. 

Florida — 1900-1910:  Organized,  Palm  Beach,  St.  Lucie;  loss  In  area,  Brevard, 
Dade.    1890-1900:  Gain  in  area,  Polk;  loss  in  area,  Pasco. 

Georgia— /900-/9/0.-  Organized,  Ben  Hill,  Crisp,  Grady,  Jeff  Davis,  Jenkins, 
Stephens,  Tift,  Toombs,  Turner;  gain  in  area,  Clarke,  Fulton;  loss  in  area,  Appling, 
Berrien,  Bulloch,  Burke,  Clayton,  Coffee,  Decatur,  Dooly,  Emanuel,  Franklin, 
Habersham,  Irwin,  Montgomery,  Oglethorpe,  Screven,  Tattnall,  Thomas,  Wilcox, 
Worth. 

iDKiio— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Bonner,  Twin  Falls;  gain  in  area.  Fremont,  Nez 
Perce;  loss  in  area,  Bingham,  Cassia,  Kootenai,  Shoshone.  1890-1900:  Organized, 
Bannock,  Blaine,  Canyon,  Fremont,  Lincoln;  loss  in  area,  Ada,  Bingham,  Lemhi. 

Kansas — 1890-1900:  Gain  in  area,  Finney. 

Kentucky— iSflO-fSOO.-  Gain  in  area,  Powell;  loss  in  area,  Estill. 

Louislana— i900-/9i0.-  Organized,  La  Salle;  loss  in  area,  Catahoula. 

Massachusetts— /900-W/a-  Gain  in  are.-!,  Hampden,  Norfolk;  loss  in  area, 
Hampshire;  both  gain  and  loss,  Middlesex,  Suffolk. 

Michigan— /890-/900."  Organized,  Dickinson;  gain  in  area,  Emmet,  Keweenaw, 
Leelanau;  loss  in  area,  Marquette,  Menominee;  both  gain  and  loss,  Charlevoix,  Iron. 

Minnesota— ;900-f970.-  Organized,  Clearwater,  Koochiching,  Mahnomen,  Pen- 
nington; loss  in  area,  Beltrami,  Itasca,  Norman.  Red  Lake.  1890-1900:  Organized, 
Red  Lake,  Roseau;  gain  in  area,  Crow  Wing,  Hubbard;  loss  in  area,  Cass,  Kittson, 
Polk. 

Mississippi— /500-/5/0."  Organized,  Forrest,  George,  Jefferson  Davis,  Lamar;  loss 
In  area,  Covington,  Greene,  Hancock,  Jackson,  Lawrence,  Marion,  Perry;  both  gain 
and  loss.  Pearl  River.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Pearl  River;  loss  in  area,  Hancock, 
Marlon. 

Montana— ^900-/9/0.-  Organized,  Lincoln,  PoweU,  Rosebud,  Sanders;  loss  in  area, 
Custer^Flathead,  Missoula,  Silver  Bow;  both  gain  and  loss.  Deer  Lodge.  1890-1900: 
Organized,  Broaawater,  Carbon,  Flathead,  Granite,  Ravalli,  Sweet  Grass,  Teton, 
Valley;  gain  in  area.  Cascade,  Flathead,  Lewis  and  Clark;  loss  in  area,  Chouteau, 
Dawson,  Deer  Lodge,  Jefferson,  Meagher,  Missoula,  Park,  Yellowstone. 

Nebraska — 1900-1910:  Organized,  Garden,  Morrill;  gain  in  area,  Dakota;  loss  in 
area,  Cheyenne,  Deuel.    1890-1900:  Organized,  Boyd;  gain  in  area,  McPherson. 

ySzyxvA— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Clark;  loss  in  area,  Lincoln. 

Nfw  Jersey — 1890-1900:  Gain  In  area,  Ocean;  loss  In  area,  Burlington. 

New  VLexico— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Curry,  Guadalupe,  Luna,  McKinley,  Quay, 
Roosevelt,  Sandoval,  Torrance;  loss  in  area,  Bernalillo,  Chaves,  Dona  Ana,  Grant, 
Guadalupe  (old),  Lincoln,  Quay,  Roosevelt,  San  Juan,  San  Miguel,  Santa  Fe, 
Socorro,  Union,  Valencia;  both  gain  and  loss,  Rio  Arriba.  1890-1900:  Organized, 
Chaves,  Eddy.  Guadalupe  (old),  Otero,  Union;  gain  in  area,  Bernalillo;  loss  in  area, 
Colfax,  Dona  Ana,  Lincoln,  Mora,  San  Miguel,  Santa  Fe,  Socorro. 

New  Youk— 1890-1900:  Organized,  Nassau;  gain  in  area.  New  York;  loss  in  area, 
Queens,  Westchester. 


North  Carolina— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Lee,  Scotland;  loss  in  area,  Chatham, 
Moore,  Richmond. 

North  Dakota— 19OO-19I0:  Organized,  Adams,  Bowman,  Burke,  Divide,  Dunn, 
Hettinger,  McKenzle,  Mountrail,  Renville,  Sheridan;  loss  in  area,  Billings,  McLean, 
Mercer,  Stark,  Ward^iiilams.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Williams;  gain  In  area,  Bill- 
ings, Bottineau,  McUenry,  McLean,  Mercer,  Pierce,  Stark,  Ward;  loss  in  area, 
Dunn,  Hettinger,  Renville,  Sheridan,  Williams. 

Oklahoh  A— Most  of  the  counties  were  organized  in  1907.  Among  the  few  existing 
in  1890  there  was  no  change  till  after  1900.  There  has  been  no  later  change  in 
Cleveland,  Kingfisher,  Logan,  and  Oklahoma,  but  since  1900  Cana'iian  has  gamed 
in  area,  Beaver  and  Payne  have  lost,  while  Oreer  has  had  both  gains  and  losses. 
The  counties  organized  between  18iX)  and  1900  were  formed  from  Indian  reserva- 
tions. Of  these  counties  the  following  remain  unchanged:  Dewey,  Garfield,  Grant, 
Lincoln,  and  Pottawatomie;  there  hiis  been  a  gain  in  area  in  Blaine,  Custer,  Kay, 
Noble,  Pawnee,  and  Washita,  and  both  gains  and  losses  in  Roger  Mills,  Woods,  and 
Woodward.  For  comparison  of  the  special  enumeration  of  1907  with  that  of  1910 
It  may  be  noted  that  Harmon  was  organized  in  1909;  there  was  a  loss  of  area  in 
Beckham  and  both  gain  and  loss  In  Greer. 

OnEQoy— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Hood  River;  gain  in  area,  Baker;  loss  in  area. 
Union,  Wasco.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Lincoln,  Wheeler;  gain  In  area,  Sherman, 
Wallowa;  loss  in  area,  Benton,  Crook,  Gilliam,  Grant,  Tillamook,  Union,  Wadco. 

South  Carolina— f500-79lO.-  Organized,  Calhoun,  Dillon,  Lee;  gain  in  area, 
Florence,  Newberry;  loss  in  area,  Berkeley,  Darlington,  Kershaw,  Lexington, 
Marlon,  Sumter,  Williamsburg;  both  gain  and  loss,  Orangeburg.  1890-1900:  Organ- 
ized, Bamberg,  Cherolcee,  Dorchester,  Greenwood,  Saluda;  gain  in  area,  Charleston, 
Florence;  loss  in  area,  .\bbeville,  Barnwell,  Berkeley,  Colleton,  Darlington,  Edge- 
field, Spartanburg,  Union,  York. 

South  Dakota— /90O-/9/0.-  Organized,  Corson,  Harding,  Perkins,  Tripp;  loss 
In  area,  Butte,  Union;  formed,  Bennett,  Mellette,  Todd.  1890-1900:  Gain  in  area, 
Butte,  Gregory,  Lyman,  Meade,  Pennington,  Stanley. 

Tennessee— /fl00-/5/0.-  Gain  in  area.  Perry;  loss  in  area,  Lauderdale,  Wayne. 
1890-1900:  Gain  In  area,  Lewis;  loss  in  area,  Hickman,  Wayne. 

TiEX AS— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Andrews,  Dawson,  Gaines,  Garza,  Gray,  Hutchin- 
son, Lamb,  Lynn,  Parmer,  Reagan,  Schleicher,  Terrell,  Terry,  Upton.  Winkler, 
Yoakum;  loss  in  area,  Pecos,  Tom  Green.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Foard,  Sterling; 
gain  In  area,  Brewster,  Webb;  loss  in  area,  Hardeman,  Knox,  Tom  Green. 

Vtas.— 1900-1910:  Gain  In  area,  Sevier;  loss  In  area,  Piute.  1890-1900:  Organized, 
Carbon,  Grand,  Wayne;  gain  in  area,  Garfield,  Utah;  loss  in  area,  Emery,  Kane, 
Piute,  Sanpete. 

Vermont— fSflO-fflOO.-  Gain  in  area,  Caledonia;  loss  in  area,  Washington. 

VmoxsiA— 1900-1910:  Organized  and  made  independent  of  county,  Clifton  Forge 
city;  gain  In  area,  Danville  city,  Lynchburg  eitv,  Norfolk  city,  Portsmouth  city, 
Richmond  city,  Staunton  city;  loss  In  area,  Alleghany,  Augusta.  Campbell,  Hen- 
rico, Manchester  city,  Norfolk,  Pittsylvania.  1890-1900:  Organized  and  made  inde- 
pendent of  county,  Buena  Vista  city,  Newport  News  city,  Radford  city;  gain  in 
area;  Danville  city,  Portsmouth  city.  Roanoke  city;  loss  in  area,  Montgomery, 
Norfolk,  Pittsylvania,  Roanoke,  Rockbridge,  Warwick. 

Washington— J900-/9;o.-  Organized,  Benton,  Grant;  loss  In  area,  Douglas, 
Klickitat,  Yakima.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Chelan,  Ferry;  loss  in  area,  Kittitas, 
Okanogan,  Stevens. 

West  'ViRQmiA—1890-1900:  Organized,  Mingo;  loss  in  area,  Logan. 

Wiacovsm— 1900-1910:  Organized,  Rusk;  gain  in  area,  Oneida;  loss  in  area, 
Chippewa,  Forest;  both  gain  and  loss,  Vilas.  1890-1900:  Organized,  Iron,  Vilas;  loss 
in  area,  Ashland,  Forest;  both  gain  and  loss,  Oneida. 

Wyoming — 1900-1910:  Organized,  Park;  loss  In  area.  Bighorn.  1890-1900:  Organ- 
ized, Bighorn,  Natrona,  Weston;  loss  in  area.  Carbon,  Crook,  Fremont,  Johnson. 

Porto  Hico— 1899-1910:  Municipality  organized,  Culebra;  gain  in  area,  Humacao, 
Mayaguez;  loss  in  area,  Vieques. 


54 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION. 


The  Census  Bureau  classifies  as  urban  population 
that  residing  in  cities  and  other  incorporated  places  of 
2,500  inhabitants  or  more,  including  New  England 
towns  of  that  population.  In  most  sections  of  the 
country  all  or  practically  all  densely  populated  areas 
of  this  size  are  set  off  from  rural  territory  and  incor- 
porated as  municipalities  (variously  known  as  cities, 
towns,  villages,  boroughs,  etc.)-  In  New  England, 
however,  this  is  often  not  the  case.  Many  of  the  towns 
consist  in  part  of  distinctly  rural  territory  and  in  part 
of  densely  populated  areas  which  are  not  incorporated 
separately  and  for  which  it  is  impossible  to  make  sepa- 
rate population  returns.  For  this  reason  it  has  been 
necessary  in  the  New  England  states  to  include  with 
the  urban  population  residing  in  incorporated  cities 
the  population  also  of  all  towns  having  2,500  inhabit- 
ants or  more.  The  urban  areas  in  New  England,  as 
classified  by  the  census,  therefore,  include  some  popu- 
lation which,  in  other  sections  of  the  United  States, 
would  be  segregated  as  rural. 

Urban  population  being  thus  defined^  the  remain- 
der  of    the   country  is   classed   as   rural,    consisting 


(except  in  New  England)  of  all  unincorporated  terri- 
tory and  of  incorporated  places  of  less  than  2,500 
inhabitants. 

The  comparisons  of  the  urban  and  rural  population 
in  1910  with  that  at  earlier  enumerations  may  be  made 
either  with  respect  to  the  varying  proportions  of  the 
two  classes  at  successive  enumerations  or  with  respect 
to  the  increase  between  enumerations.  In  order  to 
contrast  the  proportion  of  the  total  population  living 
in  urban  or  rural  territory  at  the  census  of  1910  with 
the  proportion  urban  or  rural  at  the  preceding  census, 
it  is  necessary  to  classify  the  territor}''  according  to 
the  conditions  as  they  existed  at  each  census.  In  this 
comparison  a  place  having  less  than  2,500  inhabit- 
ants in  1900  and  over  2,500  in  1910  is  classed  with  the 
rural  territory  for  1900  and  with  the  urban  for 
1910.  On  the  other  hand,  in  order  to  present  fairly 
the  contrast  between  urban  and  rural  communities,  as 
regards  their  rate  of  growth,  it  is  necessary  to  con- 
sider the  changes  in  population  which  have  occurred 
from  one  decennial  census  to  another  in  exactly  the 
same  territory. 


PER  CENT  URBAN  IN  TOTAL  POPULATION,  BY  STATES:  1910. 


Proportion  nrban  and  rural. — The  proportion  of  the 
total  population  living  in  urban  and  in  rural  territory 
at  the  censuses  of  1910,  1900,  1890,  and  1880,  respec- 
tively, for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  is  shown  in 
Table  15,  on  the  opposite  page. 


This  table  shows  a  steady  and  rapid  increase  in 
the  proportion  of  urban  population.  While  the  in- 
crease in  the  percentage  of  urban  population  from 
1900  to  1910  was  appreciably  greater  than  from  1890 
to  1900,  it  was  not  so  great  as  from  1880  to  1890. 


URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION. 


55 


Table  15 

POPXJLATION  or  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

CLASS. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

Total,  nomber  . . . 

91,972,266 

42,623,383 
49,348,883 

100.0 

46.3 
53.7 

76,994,576 

30,797,185 
45,197,390 

100.0 

40.5 
59.5 

62,947,714 

22,720,223 
40,227,491 

100.0 

36.1 
63.9 

60,166,783 

14,772,438 

Rural 

Total,  per  cent. . . 

35,383,345 

100.0 

29.5 

Rural.        

70.5 

The  map  on  page  54  shows  the  percentage  of  urban 
population  in  1910  for  each  of  the  states. 

Table  18  (p.  56)  shows,  by  divisions  and  states, 
urban  and  rural  population,  and  the  per  cent  urban 
and  rural,  at  the  censuses  of  1910,  1900,  and  1890,  re- 
spectively. As  shown  by  this  table,  the  proportions 
of  the  total  population  living  in  urban  and  rural  ter- 
ritory vary  greatly  in  different  sections  of  the  country. 

In  the  New  England  division  more  than  four-fiftlis 
of  the  population  in  1910  hved  in  urban  territory,  as 
defined  by  the  Census  Bureau.  Were  it  possible  to  de- 
termine the  urban  population  in  this  division  on  the 
same  basis  as  for  the  rest  of  the  country,  the  proportion 
would  probably  be  somewhat  less  than  three-fourtlis. 
Urban  population  constituted  more  than  seven-tenths 
of  the  total  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  and  more 
than  one-half  in  the  East  North  Central  and  Pacific 
divisions.  The  lowest  proportion  of  urban  population 
•k  found  in  the  South — 25.4  per  cent  in  the  South 
Atlantic  division,  18.7  in  the  East  South  Central,  and 
22.3  in  the  West  South  Central. 

In  the  North  (comprising  the  first  four  geographic 
divisions)  the  urban  population  numbered  32,669,705, 
and  the  rural  23,087,410,  the  per  cent  urban  Jaeing 
58.6.  In  the  South  (comprising  the  next  three  divi- 
sions) the  urban  population  was  6,623,838,  and  the  ru- 
ral 22,765,492,  the  proportion  urban  being  22.5  per 
cent.  In  the  West  (comprising  the  last  two  divisions) , 
with  3,229,840  urban  and  3,495,981  rural,  the  per- 
centage urban  was  48.8. 

In  each  of  the  nine  geographic  divisions  the  pro- 
portion of  the  population  living  in  urban  communities 
was  larger  in  1910  than  in  1900,  and  larger  in  1900 
than  in  1890.  The  proportion  increased  with  excep- 
tional rapidity  from  1900  to  1910  in  the  Pacific  division, 
where  cities  have  shown  a  remarkable  growth. 

The  per  cent  distribution  of  the  total,  urban,  and 
rural  population,  respectively,  of  the  United  States  in 
1910  among  the  geographic  divisions  is  as  follows: 


Table  16 

PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

Total. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

United  States 

100.0 

7.1 
21.0 
19.8 
12.7 
13.3 
9.1 
9.0 
2.9 
4.6 

100.0 

12.8 
32.2 
22.6 
9.1 
7.3 
3.7 
4.6 
2.2 
5.6 

100.0 

2.2 

Middle  Atlantic 

11.3 

East  North  Central 

17.6 

West  North  Central 

15.7 

South  Atlantic 

18.4 

East  South  Central 

13.9 

West  South  Central 

13.8 

3  4 

Pacific 

3.7 

Incretise  in  urban  and  rural  population. — In  order  to 
compare  the  rate  of  growth  in  urban  and  rural  com- 
munities, it  is  necessary  in  each  case,  as  previously 
explained,  to  consider  the  changes  in  population  which 
have  occurred  in  the  same  territory  from  one  decennial 
census  to  another.  For  this  purpose  communities  are 
classed  as  urban  or  rural  according  to  their  population 
in  1910,  and  the  population  of  the  places  as  thus  clas- 
sified is  then  determined  for  1900  for  purposes  of 
comparison. 

The  increase  from  1900  to  1910  in  urban  and  rural 
population  on  this  basis  is  shown,  for  the  United 
States,  in  the  following  table: 


Table  17 

POPULATION  IN 

incbease:  1900-1910 

1910 

1900 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Total  population 

91,972,266 

42,623,383 
49,348,883 

76,994,676 

31,609,645 
44,384,930 

16,977,691 

11,013,738 
4,963,953 

21.0 

34.8 

Rural  territory  in  1910 

11.3 

The  rate  of  increase  for  the  population  of  urban 
areas  was  over  three  times  that  for  the  population 
living  in  rural  territory. 

Of  the  total  increase  in  the  population  of  the 
United  States  during  the  past  decade  (15,977,691), 
seven-tenths  was  in  urban  territory  and  only  three- 
tenths  in  rural  territory. 

Table  19  (p.  57)  shows,  by  divisions  and  states,  the 
aggregate  population  in  1910  and  1900  of  the  territory 
which  is  classed  as  urban  and  rural  in  1910,  and  the 
increase  or  decrease  during  the  decade.  (See  also 
maps  on  page  58.) 

The  largest  percentages  of  increase  in  urban  popu- 
lation between  1900  and  1910  were  reported  for  the 
Pacific,  West  South  Central,  and  Mountain  divisions, 
in  the  order  named,  these  percentages  being  101.8, 
68.5,  and  64.7,  respectively.  These  same  divisions 
also  showed  higher  rates  of  increase  in  rural  population 
than  any  of  the  others,  though  the  increase  in  rural 
population  was  much  less  rapid  than  that  in  urban 
population,  being  for  these  divisions  46.4,  27.1,  and 
53.4  per  cent,  respectively.  The  New  England  di- 
vision, on  the  other  hand,  showed  the  smallest  percent- 
age of  increase  in  urban  population,  namely,  21.5 
per  cent.  For  this  division  there  was  a  slight  de- 
crease in  rural  population  during  the  last  decade. 

The  five  other  geographic  divisions  differed  little  from 
one  another  in  the  percentages  of  increase  in  urban 
population,  the  rates  ranging  from  28.2  per  cent  for 
the  West  North  Central  division  to  33.1  per  cent  for 
the  Middle  Atlantic  division.  They  showed  greater 
contrasts  in  the  growth  of  rural  population.  In  the 
South  Atlantic  division  the  increase  in  rural  popula- 
tion was  12.3  per  cent;  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  West 
North  Central,  and  East  South  Central  divisions  it  was 
between  5  and  10  per  cent,  and  in  the  East  North 
Central  division  there  was  a  slight  decrease  in  rural 
population. 


56 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

■    URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890. 


Table  18 

DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

GEOGKApmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey. 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia, 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma! 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1910 


Urban 
population. 


42,623,383 


5,455,345 
13,723,373 
9,017,271 
3,873,716 
3,092,153 
1, 574,229 
1,957,456 
947,511 
2,382,329 


381,443 
255,099 
168,943 
3,125,367 
524,654 
999,839 

7,185,494 
1,907,210 
4,630,669 

2,665,143 
1,143,835 
3,476,929 
1,327,044 
1,004,320 

850,294 

680,054 

1,398,817 

63,236 

76,673 

310,852 

493,790 

97,085 
658, 192 
331,069 
476,529 
228,242 
318,474 
224,832 
538,650 
219,080 

555,442 
441,045 
370,431 
207,311 

202,681 
496,516 
320,155 
938,104 

133,420 
69,898 
43,221 

404,840 
46,571 
63,260 

172,934 
13,367 

605,530 

307,060 

1,469,739 


Rural 
iwpulation. 


49,348,883 


1,097,336 
5,592,519 
8,633,350 
7,764,205 
9,102,742 
6,836,672 
6,827,078 
1,686,006 
1,809,975 


360,928 
175,473 
187,013 
241,049 
17,956 
114,917 

1,928,120 

629,957 

3,034,442 

2,101,978 
1,557,041 
2,161,662 
1,483,129 
1,329,540 

1,225,414 

1,544,717 

1,894,518 

513,820 

507,215 

881,362 

1,197,159 

105,237 
637,154 


1,585,083 
992,877 
1,887,813 
1,290,568 
2,070,471 
533,539 

1,734,463 
1,743,744 
1,767,662 
1,589,803 

1,371,768 
1,159,872 
1,337,000 
2,958,438 

242,633 
255,696 
102,744 
394,184 
280,730 
141,094 
200,417 
68,508 

536,460 
365,705 
907,810 


1900 


Urban 
population. 


30,797,185 


4,470,179 
10,075,883 
7,219,975 
2,946,544 
2,232,032 
1,131,056 
1,057,197 
541,363 
1,122,356 


337,390 
226,269 
139,180 
2,567,098 
407,647 
792,595 

5,298,111 
1,329,162 
3,448,610 

1,998,382 
862,689 

2,616,368 
952,323 
790,213 

598,100 
572,386 
1,128,104 
23,413 
40,936 
252,702 
330,903 

85,717 
591,206 
278,718 
340,067 
125,465 
186,790 
171,256 
346,382 
107,031 

467,668 
326,639 
216,714 
120,035 

111,733 
366,288 
58,417 
520,759 

84,554 
10,003 
26,657 

260,651 
27,381 
19,495 

106,427 
7,195 

211,477 
133, 180 
777,699 


Rural 
population. 


45,197,390 


1,121,838 
5,378,795 
8,765,606 
7,400,879 
8,210,848 
6,416,701 
5,475,093 
1,133,294 
1,294,336 


357,076 
185,319 
204,461 
238,248 
20,909 
115,825 

1,970,783 

554,507 

2,853,505 

2, 159, 163 
1,653,773 
2,205,182 
1,468,659 
1,278,829 

1,153,294 

1,659,467 

1,978,561 

295,733 

360,634 

813,598 

1,139,592 

99,018 
596,838 


1,514,117 
833,335 
1,707,020 
1,169,060 
1,869,949 
421,511 

1,679,506 
1,693,977 
1,611,983 
1,431,235 

1,199,831 

1,015,337 

731,974 

2,627,951 

168,776 
151,769 

65,874 
279,049 
167,929 
103,436 
171,322 

35,140 

306,626 
280,356 
707,354 


1890 


Urban 
population. 


22,720,223 


3,561,763 

7,333,772 

5,097,181 

2,308,819 

1,728,019 

817,308 

715,999 

355,627 

801,735 


298,604 
192,479 
117,063 
2,003,854 
326,602 
623, 161 

3,899,737 

876,638 

2,557,397 

1,504,390 
590,039 

1,710,172 
730,294 
562,286 

443,049 

405,764 

856,966 

10,643 

28,555 

•  291,641 

272,201 

71,067 
495,702 
230,392 
282,721 

81,305 
115,759 
116,183 
257, 472 

77,358 

356,713 
238,394 
152,235 
69,966 

73,159 

283,845 

9,484 

349,611 

38,787 


Rural 
population. 


40,227,491 


21,484 
185,905 
9,970 
8,302 
75,155 
16,024 

127, 178 
85,093 
589,464 


1,138,986 
5,372,448 
8,381,124 
6,623,293 
7,129,903 
5,611,846 
4,024,984 
858,308 
1,086,699 


362,482 
184,051 
215,359 
236,093 
18,904 
123,097 

2,103,437 

668,295 

2,700,716 

2,167,939 
1,602,365 
2,116,180 
1,363,596 
1,131,044 

867,234 

1,606,633 

1,822,219 

180,340 

320,045 

771,016 

1,156,907 

97,426 
646,688 


1,373,259 
681,429 
1,502,190 
1,034,960 
1,579,881 
314,064 

1,601,922 
1,629,124 
1,361,166 
1,219,634 

1,055,052 
834,743 
249, 173 

1,886,016 

104, 137 
88,548 
41,071 

227,344 

150,312 
79,941 

136,624 
31,331 

230,054 
232,611 
623,934 


1910 


Perct. 
urban. 


46.3 


83.3 
71.0 
52.7 
33.3 
25.4 
18.7 
22.3 
36.0 
56.8 


51.4 
69.2 
47.5 
92.8 
96.7 
89.7 

78.8 
75.2 
60.4 

65.9 
42.4 
61.7 
47.2 
43.0 

41.0 
30.6 
42.5 
11.0 
13.1 
26.1 
29.2 

48.0 
60.8 
100.0 
23.1 
18.7 
14.4 
14.8 
20.6 
29.1 

24.3 
20.2 
17.3 
11.5 

12.9 
30.0 
19.3 
24.1 

35.5 
21.5 
29.6 
50.7 
14.2 
31.0 
46.3 
16.3 

63.0 
45.6 
61.8 


Per  ct. 
rural. 


53.7 


36.7 
29,0 
47.3 
66.7 
74.6 
81.3 
77.7 
64.0 
43.2 


48.6 
40.8 
52.5 
7.2 
3.3 
10.3 

21.2 
24.8 
39.6 

44.1 

57.6 
38.3 
52.8 
67.0 

69.0 
69.4 
67.5 
89.0 
86.9 
73.9 
70.8 

62.0 
49.2 


76.9 
81.3 
85.6 
85.2 
79.4 
70.9 

75.7 
79.8 
82.7 
88.5 

87.1 
70.0 
80.7 
76.9 

64.5 
78.5 
70.4 
49.3 
.86.8 
69.0 
63.7 
83  7 

47.0 
64.4 
38.2 


1900 


Perct. 
urban. 


40.5 


79.9 
66.2 
46.2 
28.6 
21.4 
16.0 
16.2 
32.3 
46.4 


48.6 
55.0 
40.5 
91.5 
95.1 
87.2 

72.9 
70.6 
54.7 

48.1 
34.3 
64.3 
39.3 
38.2 

34.1 
25.6 
36.3 
7.3 
10.2 
23.7 
22.5 

46.4 
49.8 
100.0 
18.3 
13.1 
9.9 
12.8 
15.6 
20.3 

21.8 
16.2 
11.9 

7.7 

8.5 
26.5 

7.4 
17.1 

34.7 
6.2 
28.8 
48.3 
14.0 
16.9 
38.1 
17.0 

40.8 
32.2 
62.4 


Perct, 
rural. 


59.5 


20.1 
34.8 
64.8 
71.5 
78.6 
86.0 
83.8 
67.7 
53.6 


51.4 
45.0 
69.6 
8.5 
4.9 
12.8 

27.1 
29.4 
45.3 

61.9 
65.7 
45.7 
60.7 
61.8 

65.9 
74.4 
63.7 
92.7 
89.8 
76.3 
77.6 

53.6 
60.2 


81.7 
86.9 
90.1 
87.2 
84.4 
79.7 

78.2 
83.8 
88.1 
92.3 

91.5 
73.5 
92.6 
82.9 

66.3 
93.8 
71.2 
61.7 
86.0 
84.1 
61.9 
83.0 

69.2 

67.8 
47.6 


1890 


Per  ct. 
urban. 


36.1 


75.8 
57.7 
37.8 
25.8 
19.5 
12.7 
15.1 
29.3 
42.5 


45.2 
51.1 
35.2 
89.5 
94.6 
83.5 

66.0 
60.7 


41.0 
26.9 
44.7 
34.9 
33.2 

33.8 
21.2 
32.0 
6.6 
8.2 
27.4 
19.1 

42.2 
47.6 
100.0 
17.1 
10.7 
7.2 
10.1 
14.0 
19.8 

19.2 
13.5 
10.1 
6.4 

6.5 
25.4 

3.7 
15.6 

27.1 


34.3 
46.0 
6.2 
9.4 
36.7 
33.8 

36.6 
26.8 
48.6 


I  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1890  and  1000. 


URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION.  57 

INCREASE  IN  POPULATION  OP  URBAN  AND  RURAL  TERRITORY,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:   1900-1910. 


Table  19 


Division  AND  STATE. 


TTnited  states 

Qeooraphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri , 

North  Dakota , 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia , 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi , 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiapa 

Oklahoma' 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAaFic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


territory  tniBAN  IN  1910. 


Population  in- 


1910 


42,628,888 


5,455,345 
13,723,373 
9,617,271 
3,873,716 
3,092,153 
1,574,229 
1,957,456 
947,511 
2,382,329 


381,443 
255,099 
168,943 
3,125,367 
524,654 
999,839 

7,186,494 
1,907,210 
4,630,669 

2,665,143 
1,143,835 
3,476,929 
1,327,044 
^1,004,320 

850,294 

680,054 

1,398,817 

63,236 

76,673 

310,852 

493,790 

97,085 
658,192 
331,069 
476,529 
228,242 
318,474 
224,832 
538,650 
219,060 

555,442 
441,045 
370,431 
207,311 

202,681 
496,516 
320,155 
938,104 

133,420 
69,898 
43,221 

404,840 
46,671 
63,260 

172,934 
13,367 

605,530 

307,060 

1,469,739 


81,609,645 


4,489,531 
10,307,717 
7,348,011 
3,022,664 
2,337,717 
1,186,290 
1,161,736 
575,332 
1,180,647 


339,564 
226,007 
148,406 
2,569,494 
411,679 
794,381 

6,352,283 
1,363,653 
3,591,781 

2,027,462 
876,294 

2,666,333 
966,826 
811,096 

613,595 

567,267 

1,143,431 

33,362 

47,945 

261,853 

355,211 

85,717 
593,133 
278,718 
354,861 
137,464 
208,215 
177,270 
376,052 
126,287 

483,233 
335,722 
237,670 
129,665 

131,719 
380,997 
89,148 
559,872 

89,476 
22,107 
33,626 

269,662 
26,484 
21,409 

108,168 
4,600 

227,614 
142,840 
810, 193 


Increase:  1900-1910 


Number. 


11,013,788 


965,814 

3,415,656 

2,269,260 

861,052 

764,436 

387,939 

795,720 

372,179 

1,201,682 


41,879 
29,092 
20,537 
655,873 
112,975 
205,458 

1,833,211 

643,557 

1,038,888 

637,681 
267,541 
810,596 
360,218 
193,224 

236,699 
112,787 
256,386 
29,874 
28,728 
48,999 
138,579 

11,368 
65,059 
52,351 

121,668 
90,778 

110,259 
47,662 

162,598 
92,793 

72,209 
105,323 
132,761 

77,646 

70,962 
115,519 
231,007 
378,232 

43,944 
47,791 

9,696 
135,178 
20,087 
41,851 
64,766 

8,867 

377,916 
164,220 
669,646 


Per  cent. 


34.8 


21.5 
33.1 
30.9 
28.2 
32.3 
32.7 
68.5 
64.7 
101.8 


12.3 
12.9 
13.8 
21.6 
27.4 
26.9 

34.3 
39.9 
28.9 

31.5 
30.5 
30.4 
37.3 
23.8 

38.6 
19.9 
22.3 
89.6 
59.9 
18.7 
39.0 

13.3 
11.0 
18.8 
34.3 
66.0 
53.0 
26.8 
43.2 
73.5 

14.9 
31.4 
55.9 
59.9 

53.9 
30.3 
259.1 
67.6 

49.1 
216.2 
28.9 
60.1 
76.8 
195.5 
69.9 
197.0 

166.0 
115.0 
81.4 


territory  rural  IN  1910. 


Population  in- 


1910 


48,848,883 


1,097,336 
6,592,519 
8,633,350 
7,764,206 
9,102,742 
6,836,672 
6,827,078 
1,686,006 
1,809,976 


360,928 
176,473 
187,013 
241,049 
17,956 
114,917 

1,928,120 

629,957 

3,034,442 

2,101,978 
1,657,041 
2,161,662 
1,483,129 
1,329,540 

1,226,414 

1,644,717 

1,894,618 

513,820 

507,216 

881,362 

1,197,159 

106,237 
637,154 


1,585,083 
992,877 
1,887,813 
1,290,568 
2,070,471 
533,539 

1,734,463 
1,743,744 
1,767,662 
1,589,803 

1,371,768 
1,169,872 
1,337,000 
2,968,438 

242,633 
255,696 
102,744 
394,184 
280,730 
141,094 
200,417 
68,608 

536,460 
365,705 
907,810 


1900 


44,884,930 


1,102,486 
5,146,961 
8,637,570 
7,324,759 
8,105,763 
6,361,362 
5,370,669 
1,099,325 
1,236,045 


364,902 
185,681 
195,235 
235,862 
16,877 
114,039 

1,916,611 

620,016 

2,710,334 

2,130,083 
1,640,168 
2,155,217 
1,454,156 
1,257,946 

1,137,799 

1,664,586 

1,963,234 

286,784 

353,628 

804,447 

1,115,284 

99,018 
694,911 


1,499,323 
821,336 
1,685,595 
1,163,046 
1,840,279 
402,255 

1,663,941 
1,684,779 
1,691,027 
1,421,605 

1,179,960 

1,000,628 

701,243 

2,488,838 

153,853 
139,665 

69,006 
270,038 
168,826 
101,522 
168,681 

37,836 

290,489 
270,696 
674,860 


Increase:  11900-1910 


Number. 


4,963,953 


-6,150 
445,558 
-4,220 
439,446 
996,979 
474,320 
1,456,409 
686,681 
673,930 


6,026 

-10,108 

-8,222 

6,197 

1,079 

878 

11,509 
109,941 
324,106 

-28,106 

-83,127 

6,445 

28,973 

71,594 

87,615 

-119,869 

-68,716 

228,036 

153,590 

76,915 

81,876 

6,219 
42,243 


85,760 
171,541 
202,218 
127,522 
230,192 
131,284 

70,622 
58,966 
176,635 
168,198 

191,808 
159,244 
635,757 
469,600 

88,780 
116,031 
43,739 
124,146 
111,904 
39,672 
31,836 
30,673 

246,971 
96,009 
232,950 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


2  A  decrease  of  less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


» Includes  population  of  Indian  Territ«ry  for  1900. 


58 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  IN  URBAN  POPULATION,  BY  STATES:  1900-1910. 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE  IN  RURAL  POPULATION,  BY  STATES:  1900-1910. 


COMMUNITIES  CLASSIFIED  BY  SIZE. 


59 


There  was  in  every  state  between  1900  and  1910  an 
increase  in  urban  population,  but  in  six  states — 
namely,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Iowa,  and  Missouri — there  was  a  decrease  in  rural 
population.  In  all  but  two  states — Montana  and 
Wyoming — the  urban  population  increased  faster  than 
the  rural  population,  and  generally  at  a  much  more 
rapid  rate. 


The  decrease  or  slow  increase  in  the  rural  population 
throughout  large  areas  is  in  no  sense  due  to  lack  of 
agricultural  prosperity.  On  the  contrary,  in  almost  all 
such  areas  there  has  been  a  remarkable  increase  in  the 
value  of  farm  property. 

The  maps  on  the  opposite  page  show  the  rates  of 
increase  or  decrease  in  urban  and  in  rural  population 
since  1900  for  each  state. 


COMMTTBTITIES  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  SIZE. 


Proportion  in  the  several  classes  of  commanities. — In 
addition  to  classifying  the  population  according  to  the 
broad  grouping  into  urban  and  rural,  a  further  analysis 
may  be  made  on  the  basis  of  a  more  detailed  size 
classification.     The  following    table   shows,    for   the 


United  States,  the  number  of  places  constituting  each 
of  the  specified  classes  of  cities  at  the  censuses  of  1910, 
1900,  and  1890,  the  combined  population  of  each 
group,  and  the  percentage  which  each  group  represents 
of  the  total  population  of  the  country. 


Table  20 


CLAS3  OF  PLACES. 


Total  population  of  the  United  States  . 


TTrban  territory 

Places  of  1,000,000  Inhabitants  or  more.. . 
Places  of  600,000  to  1,000,000  Inhabitants. 
Places  of  250,000  to  600,000  Inhabitants. . . 
Places  of  100,000  to  250,000  inhabitants... 

Places  of  50,000  to  100,000  Inhabitants 

Places  of  25,000  to  50,000  inhabitants 

Places  of  10,000  to  25,000  inhabitants 

Places  of  5,000  to  10,000  Inhabitants 

Places  of  2,500  to  5,000  Inhabitants 


Sural  territory  

Incorporated  places  of  less  than  2,500  inhabitants, 
other  rural  territory 


IMO 


Number 
of  places. 


18,408 

3 

6 

11 

81 

60 

120 

372 

620 

1,172 


11,784 


Population. 


01,972,266 


688,888 

501,174 
010,667 
040,839 
840,458 
178,915 
062,763 
609,208 
364,703 
106,666 


48,848,888 

8, 118, 825 
41,230,068 


1900 


Number 
of  places. 


> 1,891 

3 

3 

9 

23 

41 

82 

285 

476 

960 


8,802 


Population. 


75,094,575 


80,797,186 
6,429,474 
1,045,087 
2,861,296 
3,272,490 
2,760,477 
2,785,667 
4,400,000 
3,278,518 
3,354,276 

46,197,890 

6,247,645 
38,040,745 


1890 


Number 
of  places. 


>  1,607 
3 

1 
7 
17 
30 
67 
232 
359 
791 


6,466 


Population. 


62,047,714 


720,228 

662,115 
806,343 
447,608 

,781,894 
027,560 
298,766 

,487,139 
495,594 

, 713, 196 


40,827,491 

4,719,835 
35,507,666 


PEE  CENT  OK  TOTAL 
POPULATION. 


1910 


46.3 

9.2 
3.3 
4.3 
6.3 
4.5 
4.4 
6.1 
4.7 
4.5 

68.7 

8.8 
44.8 


1900 


100.0 


40.8 

8.5 
2.2 
3.8 
4.3 
3.6 
3.7 
5.8 
4.3 
4.4 

69.6 

8.2 
51.3 


1S90 


100.0 


36.1 

5.8 
1.3 
3.9 
4.4 
3.2 
3.7 
5.6 
4.0 
4.3 

63.9 

7.6 

56.4 


>  The  total  number  of  cities  of  certain  classes  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  and  for  certain  geoeraphlo  divisions.  Is  less  than  the  sum  of  the  numbers  shown  for 
the  individual  states  of  the  country  or  of  the  division,  for  the  reason  that  three  cities  cacii  lie  in  two  adjoining  states,  namely,  BrLstol  (Virginia- Tennessee),  Texarkana 
< Arkansas-Texas),  and  Union  City  (Indiana-Ohio),  and  are  therefore  counted  twice.  Moreover,  one  of  these  cities— Bristol— lies  in  two  different  geographic  divisions 
(South  Atlantic  and  East  South  Central).  Each  of  these  cities  consists  of  two  incorporated  municipalities,  but  each  is,  from  the  statistical  standpoint,  one  city,  and 
should  be  classed  according  to  its  total  population.  In  each  case  that  part  of  the  population  lying  in  each  state,  whatever  its  number,  is  credited  to  the  group  of  cities 
to  which,  according  to  the  total  population,  the  city  belongs.  According  to  total  population,  Bristol  fell  in  1910  in  the  class  of  cities  of  10,000-25,000;  in  1900  and  in  1890, 
in  the  class  5,000-10,000;  Texarkana  fell  in  1910  and  1900  in  the  class  of  10,000-25,000,  and  in  1890  In  the  class  5,000-10,000;  and  Union  City  fell  at  each  census  from  1890  to 
1910  in  the  class  of  2,500-^5,000. 


In  addition  to  the  46.3  per  cent  of  the  total  popu- 
lation which  in  1910  resided  in  communities  classed 
by  the  Census  Bureau  as  urban,  8.8  per  cent  resided 
in  incorporated  places  of  less  than  2,500  inhabitants, 
making  in  all  55.1  per  cent  residing  under  conditions 
more  or  less  urban  in  character. 

Nearly  one-tenth  (9.2  per  cent)  of  the  total  popu- 
lation in  1910  resided  in  the  three  cities  (New  York, 
Chicago,  and  Philadelphia)  which  had  more  than 
1,000,000  inhabitants  each.  If  100,000  inliabitants 
be  taken  as  the  dividing  line  between  large  and 
medium-sized  cities,  it  is  seen  that  22.1  per  cent  of 
the  population  resided  in  such  large  cities.  Of  the 
total  population,  8.9  per  cent  resided  in  cities  of 
medium  size,  ranging  from  25,000  to  100,000  inhab- 
itants, whUe  the  smaU  urban  communities  of  from 
2,500  to  25,000  inhabitants  contained  15.3  per  cent. 

Comparing  the  percentages  for  the  three  censuses, 
it  is  seen  that  each  of  the  several  groups  of  communi- 
ties classed  as  urban  comprised  a  larger  percentage 
of  the  population  of  the  country  in  1910  than  in  1900, 
and  that,  with  two  exceptions,  each  class  in  1900  com- 


prised a  larger  percentage  of  the  total  population  than 
in  1890. 

The  population  of  each  class  of  cities  in  the  several 
divisions  in  1910  is  shown  in  Table  22  from  which  the 
percentages  in  Table  21  are  derived.  Very  great  differ- 
ences appear  among  the  several  geographic  divisions 
with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  the  urban  popula- 
tion among  communities  of  different  sizes. 


Table  21 

PEE  CENT  OF  POPULATION  IN  1910  LTVINO  IN— 

DIVISION. 

Cities  of— 

Rural 

100,000 
or  more. 

25,000  to 
100,000. 

10,000  to 
25,000. 

5,000  to 
10,000. 

2,500  to 
5,000. 

dis- 
tricts. 

United  States  

22.1 

24.5 
44.6 
20.1 
13.5 
9.6 

7.1 
3.9 
8.1 
34.2 

9.0 

25.0 
10.9 
8.5 
6.9 
6.8 

3.4 

7.2 
8.8 
6.4 

6.1 

14.3 
7.0 
7.6 
3.9 
3.6 

2.6 
4.0 
5.5 
7.3 

4.7 

11.3 
4.5 
6.0 
4.3 
3.3 

2.7 
2.6 
6.6 
3.2 

4.6 

8.2 
4.1 
4.5 
4.7 
3.0 

2.8 
4.5 
7.0 
5.7 

63.7 

16.7 

Middle  Atlantic 

29.0 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

47.3 
66.7 

South  Atlantic 

74.6 

East  South  Central 

81.3 

West  South  Central 

77.7 

C4.0 

Pacific 

43.2 

60 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


Table  22 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . 
West  North  Central.. 
South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central.. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


CITIES  HAVING  IN  1910  A  POPULATION  OF- 


100.090  or  more. 


Number 
of  places. 


60 


population. 


20,302,138 

1,606,984 
8,599,877 
4,761,966 
1,575,668 
1,172,021 


339,075 

213,381 

1,435,094 


26,000  to  100,000. 


Number 
of  places. 


179 

34 
44 
38 
17 
16 

7 
12 
5 
6 


Aggregate 
population. 


8,241,678 

1,637,987 

2,110,782 

1,553,809 

801,931 

712,387 

289,285 
636,814 
230,995 
267,688 


10,000  to  25,000. 


Number 
of  places 


1872 

61 
91 
88 
33 
27 

15 

27 
12 
19 


Aggregate 
population. 


5,609,208 

936,553 

1,349,807 

1,396,143 

455,439 

444,714 

220,364 
354, 582 
144,593 
307,013 


5,000  to  10,000. 


Number 
of  places. 


106 
130 
154 
71 
58 

33 
33 
25 
19 


Aggregate 
population. 


4,364,703 

738,450 
875, 771 
1,086,197 
498, 769 
397,081 

229,933 

229,386 
174,020 
135,096 


2,500  to  6,000. 


Number 
of  places 


» 1,172 

153 
223 
232 
156 
105 

67 
117 
54 
65 


Aggregate 
population. 


4,106,656 

535,371 
787, 136 
819, 156 
541,919 
365,950 

236,565 
397,599 
184,522 
237,438 


RURAL 
DISTRICTS- 
POPULATION. 


49,348,883 

1,097,336 
5,592,519 
8,633,350 
7,764,205 
9,102,742 

6,835,672 
6,827,078 
1,686,006 
1,809,975 


>  See  footnote  to  table  on  page  59. 


Growth  of  the  several  classes  of  urban  communities. — 
In  comparing  the  growth  of  the  several  classes  of 
urban  communities  from  1900  to  1910,  each  commu- 
nity is  grouped,  for  both  censuses,  according  to  its 
population  in  1910,  so  as  to  avoid  the  disturbing  effect 
of  the  passage  of  communities  from  one  group  to 
another.  The  population  shown  for  1900  represents, 
so  far  as  it  could  be  ascertained,  the  population  within 
the  boundaries  of  the  communities  as  constituted  in 
1910.  The  comparison  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole 
is  presented  in  Table  23.  With  one  exception,  there 
was  in  1910  no  very  great  difference  in  the  rates  of 
growth  of  the  several  classes  of  urban  communities. 
There  are  two  groups  in  which  the  increase  in  popu- 
lation between  1900  and  1910  was  somewhat  more 
than  40  per  cent,  namely,  cities  of  from  100,000  to 
250,000  inhabitants  and  those  of  from  50,000  to 
100,000.  For  all  but  one  of  the  other  groups  the  in- 
crease was  between  30  and  40  per  cent.  The  remain- 
ing group — that  comprising  five  cities  having  in  1910 
from  500,0f00  to  1,000,000  inhabitants— showed  an 
increase  during  the  decade  of  barely  20  per  cent. 


Table  23 

CLASS  OF  PLACES. 

Num- 
ber of 
pla(»s 
in  1910. 

AGGREGATE 
POPULATION  IN— 

increase: 
1900-1910 

1910 

1900 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

TTnited  States 

91,972,266 

76,994,675 

15,977,691 

21  O 

Territory  urban  in  1910 . 

12,402 

42,623,383 

31,609,645 

11,013,738 

34.8 

Places  of— 

1,000,000  or  more 

500,000  tcl,000,000... 

260,000  to  500,000 

100,000  to  250,000 

50,000  to  100,000 

25,000  to  50,000 

10,000  to  25,000 

5,000  to  10,000 

2,500  to  5,000 

3 
6 
11 
31 

59 
120 
372 
629 
1,172 

8,501,174 
3,010,667 
3,949,839 
4,840,458 
4,178,915 
4,062,763 
5,609,208 
4,364,703 
4,105,656 

6,429,474 
2,501,226 
2,932.040 
3,421,849 
2,948,511 
3,028,007 
4,153,442 
3,194,278 
.•i.noo.sis 

2,071,700 
509,441 
1,017,799 
1,418,609 
1,230,404 
1,034,756 
1,455,766 
1,170,425 
1,104,838 

j    4,963,963 

32.2 
20.4 
34.7 
41.5 
41,7 
34.2 
35,0 
36.6 
36.8 

Hemainder  of  country. . 

49,348,883      44.884.930 

11.2 

' 

>  See  footnote  to  table  on  page  59. 

Table  24  presents  a  comparison  of  the  increase, 
between  1900  and  1910,  in  the  population  of  different 
classes  of  urban  communities  and  of  rural  territory  in 
each  of  the  nine  geographic  divisions  of  the  United 
States.  The  number  of  classes  of  urban  communities 
shown  in  Table  24  has  been  reduced  to  three  by  con- 
soHdating  some  of  the  minor  groups  shown  in  the 
table  immediately  preceding. 


Table  24 

CITIES  OF  100,000  OR  MORE  IN  1910. 

CITIES  OF  25,000  TO  100,000  m  1910. 

CITIES  OF  2,500  TO  25,000  IN  1910. 

TERRITORY  RURAL  IN  1910. 

DIVISION. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aggregate  population. 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aggregate'population. 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aggregate  population. 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 

crease. 

Population. 

Per 

cent 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

ofin- 
crease.i 

United  States.... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . 
West  North  Central . 
South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central . 

60 

8 
11 
10 
6 
4 

4 
1 
1 
6 

20,302,138 

1,606,984 
8,599,877 
4,761,960 
1,575,658 
1,172,021 

698,082 

339,075 

213,381 

1,435,094 

15,284,589 

1,325,651 
6,575,912 
3,600,614 
1,208,321 
974, 643 

444,444 
287, 104 
140,472 
727,428 

32.8 

21.2 

30.8 

32.3' 

30,4 

20.3 

34.6 
18.1 
51.9 
97.3 

179 

34 
44 
38 
17 
16 

7 

12 

5 

6 

8,241,678 

1,637,987 

2, 110, 782 

1,553,809 

801,931 

712,387 

289,286 
636,814 
230,995 
267,688 

5,976,518 

1,269,941 

1,574,958 

1,127,923 

640,520 

516,427 

237,257 
331,409 
149, 556 
128,527 

37.9 

29,0 
34.0 
37.8 
25.2 
37.9 

21.9 
92.2 
64.6 
108.3 

«2,173 

320 
444 
474 
260 
190 

115 
177 
91 
103 

14,079,567 

2,210,374 
3,012  714 
3,301,496 
1,496,127 
1,207,745 

686,862 
981,567 
503, 135 
679.547 

10,348,538 

1,893,939 
2,156,847 
2, 619, 474 
1,173,823 
846,647 

504,589 
543,223 
286,304 
324, 692 

36.1 

16.7 
39,7 
26.0 
27.5 
42.7 

36.1 
80.7 
76.4 
109.3 

49,348,883 

1,097,336 
5,592,519 
8,633,350 
7,764,205 
9,102,742 

6,835,672 
6,827,078 
1,686,006 
1,809,975 

44,384,930 

1,102,486 
6,146,961 
8,637,670 
7,324,759 
8,105,763 

6,361,352 
5,370,669 
1,099,326 
1,236.045 

11.2 

-0.& 
8.7 

<1« 

12.3 

7.& 

27.1 
63.4 

Pacifle 

46.4 

>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


*  See  footnote  to  table  on  page  59. 


>  A  decrease  of  less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


POPULATION  OF  METROPOLITAN  DISTRICTS. 


61 


METROPOLITAN  DISTEICTS. 


In  its  general  tables  dealing  with  the  population  of 
cities,  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  must  necessarily  deal 
with  political  units,  or,  in  other  words,  with  the  popula- 
tion contained  within  the  municipal  boundaries  of  each 
city.  It  is  a  familiar  fact  that,  in  some  cases,  the 
municipal  boundaries  give  only  an  inadequate  idea  of 
the  population  grouped  about  one  urban  center.  In 
the  case  of  many  cities  there  are  suburban  districts 
with  a  dense  population  outside  the  city  limits,  which, 
in  a  certain  sense,  are  as  truly  a  part  of  the  city  as  the 
districts  which  are  under  the  municipal  government. 

It  seems  desirable,  therefore,  to  show  the  magnitude 
of  each  of  the  principal  population  centers  taken  as  a 
whole.  Statistics  have  been  compiled  for  each  city  in 
the  United  States  with  a  population  of  200,000  inhabit- 
ants or  more,  which,  in  addition  to  the  population 
within  the  city  limits,  show  the  population  in  adjoining 
communities  which  may  be  considered  as  intimately 
associated  with  the  urban  center.  Such  districts  are 
designated  as  "metropolitan  districts." 

In  laying  out  such  metropolitan  districts  the  popu- 
lation is  first  determined  for  all  civil  divisions  (that  is, 
cities,  towns,  boroughs,  townships,  precincts,  etc.)  lo- 
cated within  10  miles  of  the  city  boundaries.  Divisions 
which  lie  partly  within  and  partly  without  the  10-mile 
limit  are  included  if  either  one-half  of  their  total  popu- 
lation or  one-half  of  their  total  area  comes  within  that 
limit.  State  boundaries  are  disregarded,  so  that  in 
some  cases  the  metropolitan  district  lies  partly  in  two 
states. 

From  the  territory  lying  within  the  limits  thus 
determined  there  have  been  deducted  all  divisions 
which  have  a  population  of  less  than  about  150  or  200 
inhabitants  per  square  mile.  Where  the  density  of 
population  is  less,  the  division  may  be  considered  as 
rural  rather  than  urban  in  character,  and  as  not  prop- 
erly a  part  of  the  metropolitan  district.  There  are  a 
few  exceptions  to  this  rule  where  a  minor  civil  division 
has  been  included  within  the  metropolitan  district, 
even  though  it  had  a  lower  density  than  that  just 
stated,  because  that  division  was  completely  or 
almost  surrounded  by  other  civil  divisions  having  a 
density  which  would  require  them  to  be  included. 
The  exception  in  such  cases  seems  justified  in  order  to 
avoid  undue  irregularity  in  the  shape  of  the  districts, 
or  gaps  lying  wholly  within  their  area. 

Since  a  strict  application  of  the  rules  for  determining 
the  metropolitan  district  of  Boston  would  give  an  area 


almost  identical  with  the  area  of  the  "industrial  dis- 
trict" of  Boston,  as  laid  out  in  a  previous  census 
bulletin  (1909),  the  latter  area  is  for  convenience  of 
comparison  considered  as  the  metropolitan  district. 
The  same  is  true  of  New  York  City,  except  that  Nas- 
sau County,  which  was  not  included  in  the  industrial 
district,  has  been  added  to  the  metropolitan  district. 
In  the  case  of  the  other  industrial  districts  shown  in 
the  bulletin  mentioned,  the  areas  were  so  different 
from  the  metropolitan  districts,  as  determined  by  the 
appUcation  of  the  rule  here  described,  that  no  attempt 
was  made  to  secure  conformity. 

Table  25  on  the  next  page  shows  for  1910  and  1900  the 
population  of  25  metropolitan  districts  as  defined  by 
the  Census  Bureau,  distinguishing  the  population 
lying  within  the  city  proper  from  that  outside  the  city. 
The  cities  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  aggregate 
population  of  the  metropolitan  district. 

It  will  be  noted  that  two  cities  of  more  than  200,000 
inhabitants — Newark  and  Jersey  City — do  not  appear 
in  the  table,  for  the  reason  that  they  are  included 
within  the  metropolitan  district  of  New  York. 

The  importance  of  the  suburbs  of  great  cities  is  con- 
spicuously indicated  by  the  combined  statistics  for  the 
25  metropohtan  districts,  which  appear  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  table.  The  combined  population  of  the 
metropolitan  districts  in  1910  was  22,088,331,  of  which 
17,099,904  represents  the  population  of  the  central  cities 
and  4,988,427  that  of  the  suburban  areas,  the  latter 
being  equal  to  nearly  30  per  cent  of  the  population 
of  the  cities  proper.  The  figure  of  17,099,904  rep- 
resents the  population  of  28  cities,  since  there  are 
three  metropolitan  districts  in  each  of  which  there  are 
two  cities  of  such  large  population  that  both  are  treated 
as  the  central  cities  of  the  district,  namely,  Alinne- 
apolis  and  St.  Paul;  Kansas  City,  Kans.,  and  Kansas 
City,  Mo.;  and  San  Francisco  and  Oakland. 

The  table  shows  further  that  the  population  of  the 
metropohtan  districts  lying  outside  of  the  central 
cities  increased  between  1900  and  1910  somewhat 
more  rapidly  than  that  within  their  boundaries,  the 
increase  for  the  suburban  districts  being  43  per  cent 
and  for  the  cities  proper  33.2  per  cent. 

The  table  emphasizes  the  weU-known  fact  that  the 
cities  of  the  country  have  quite  a  different  rank  when 
their  suburbs  are  taken  into  accoimt  from  that  which 
they  hold  when  only  the  population  within  the  city 
boundaries  proper  is  considered. 


62 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

POPULATION  OF  METROPOLITAN  DISTRICTS :  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  25 


aHES  OF  200,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE. 


Area  in 
acres: 
1910 


Total  for  25  metropolitan 
districts 

In  central  cities  (28  cities) 

Outside  central  cities 

NEW  YORK. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

CHICAGO. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

BOSTON. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

PITTSBXTRGH. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

ST.  LOUIS. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

SAN  FEANaSCO-OAKLAND. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper  (San  Francisco), 

In  city  proper  ( Oakland) 

Outside 

BALTIMORE. 

Metropolitan  district , 

In  city  proper 

Outside , 

CLEVELAND. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

CINCINNATI. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 

MINNEAPOLIS-.ST.  PAUL. 

Metropolitan  d  istrict 

In  city  proper  (Minneapolis).. 

In  city  proper  (St.  Paul) 

Outside 

DETROIT. 

Metropolitan  d  istrict 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


4,717,632.8 

1.185,795.8 
3,531,736.4 


616,927.6 
183,555.0 
433,372.6 


409,086.7 
118,433.1 
290,653.6 


437,732.5 

83,340.0 

354,392.5 


335,904.7 
26,289.0 
309,615.7 


405,880.1 

26,510.7 

379,369.4 


197,993.4 
39,276.3 
158,717.1 


289,380.8 
29,760.0 
29,248.0 

230,372.8 


184,659.8 

19,290.2 

165,369.6 


103,173.6 
29,208.8 
73,964.8 


111,771.7 
31,893.3 
79,878.4 


94,539.0 
32,069.0 
33,390.0 
29,080.0 


96,553.8 
26,102.6 
70,451.2 


Population. 


1910 


22,088.331 

17,099,904 
4,988,427 


6,474,568 
4,766,883 
1,707,685 


2,446,921 

2,185,283 

261,638 


1,972,342 

1,549,008 

423,334 


1,520,470 
670,585 
849,885 


1,042,855 
533,905 
508,950 


828,733 
687,029 
141,704 


686,873 
416,912 
150, 174 
119,787 


658,715 
558,485 
100,230 


613,270 
560,663 
62,607 


663,804 
363,591 
200,213 


626,256 

301,408 

214, 744 

10,104 


500,982 
465,766 
35,216 


1900 


Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease: 
1900- 
1910 


16,322,800 

12,833,201 
3,489,599 


4,607,804 
3,437,202 
1,170,602 


1,837,987 

1,698,575 

139,412 


1,623,149 

1,293,697 

329,452 


1,249,504 
560,892 
688,612 


792,968 
451,512 
341,456 


649,711 

575,238 

74,473 


473,073 

342,782 

66,960 

63,331 


677,670 
508,957 
68,713 


420,020 
381,768 
38,252 


495,979 
325,902 
170,077 


372,009 

202,718 

163,065 

6,226 


318,967 

285,704 

33,263 


35.3 

33.2 
43.0 


40.5 
38.7 
45.9 


33.1 

28.7 
87.7 


21.5 
19.7 
28.5 


21.7 
19.6 
23.4 


31.5 
18.2 
49.1 


27.6 
19.4 
90.3 

45.2 
21.6 
124.3 
89.1 


14.0 
9.7 
45.9 


46.0 
46.9 
37.5 


13.7 
11.6 
17.7 


41.5 
48.7 
31.7 
62.3 


67.1 
63.0 
6.9 


Metropolitan  district . 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


ailES  OF  200,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE. 


Area  in 
acres: 
1910 


LOS  ANGELES. 


Metropolitan  district. 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


MILWAUKEE. 


Metropolitan  district. 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


PROVIDENCE. 


Metropolitan  district. 
In  city  proper... 
Outside 


WASHINGTON. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


NEW  ORLEANS. 


Metropolitan  district. 
In  city  proper... 
Outside 


KANSAS  CTTY  (MO.  AND  KANS.) 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper  (Kans.  City ,  Mo.). 
Incityproper(Kans.Clty,Kans.) 
Outside 


LOXnSVILLE. 


Metropolitan  district. 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


BOCHESTEB. 

Metropolitan  district. . . 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


Metropolitan  district . 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


INDIANAPOLIS. 


Meti  opolitan  district. 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


Metropolitan  district. 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


PORTLAND,  OREQ. 

Metropolitan  district 

In  city  proper 

Outside 


132, 413. 4 

24,791.0 

107,622.4 


252,826.8 
63,480.0 
189,346.8 


112,339.4 

14,585.8 
97,753.6 


126,469.4 
11,352.2 
115,117.2 


190,389.2 
38,408.4 
151,980.8 


137,760.0 
125,440.0 
12,320.0 


62,030.6 
37,443.0 
10,940.0 
13,647.6 


141,504.9 
13,229.7 
128,276.2 


119,506.7 

12,876.3 

106,630.4 


41,151.6 
35,750.0 
6,401.6 


27,850.4 
21,130.4 
6,720.0 


46,148.0 
37,028.0 
9,120.0 


43,638.2 
30,975.0 
12,663.2 


Population. 


1910 


1900 


488,661 
423,715 
64,946 


438,226 
319,198 
119,028 


427,175 
373,857 
53,318 


395,972 
224,326 
171,646 


367,869 
331,069 
36,800 


348,109 

339,075 

9,034 


340,446 

248,381 

82,331 

9,734 


286,158 

223,928 

62,230 


248,512 

218,149 

30.363 


239,269 

237,194 

2,075 


237,783 

233,650 

4,133 


219,314 

213,381 

5,933 


215,048 

207,214 

7,834 


394,031 
352,387 
41,644 


123,062 
102,479 
20,583 


324,963 
285,315 
39,648 


306, 110 
175,597 
130,513 


305,684 
278,718 


294,615 

287,104 

7,511 


228,"235 
163,752 
61,418 
13,065 


259,856 
204,731 
55,125 


185,409 
162,608 
22,801 


80,885 

80,671 

214 


173,632 

169,164 

4,468 


135,809 

133,859 

1,950 


91,668 

90,426 

1,242 


Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease:' 
1900- 
1910 


24.0 
20.2 
66.0 


256.1 
211.5 

478.3 


31.5 
31.0 
34.5 


29.4 
27.8 
31.6 


20.3 
18.8 
36.6 


18.2 
18.1 
20.3 


49.2 
51.7 
60.1 
-25.5 


10.1 
9.4 
12.0 


34.0 
34.2 
33.2 


195.8 
194.0 


36.9 
38.1 
-7.6 


61.6 

69.4 

204.3 


134.6 
129.2 
530.8 


1 A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Note. — The  following  statement  gives  the  name  and  population  of  each  munic- 
ipality of  5,000  inhabitants  or  more  falling  within  each  metropolitan  district, 
except  the  central  city  itself. 

New  York  district.— New  Yorii:  Yonkers  city,  79,803;  Mount  Vernon  city,  30,919; 
New  Rochelle city,  28,807;  Mamaroneck  village,  5,699.  New  Jersey:  Newark 
city,347,469;  Jersey  City,  207,779;  Paterson  city,  125,600;  Elizabeth  city,  73,409; 
Hoboken  city,  70,324;  Bayonne  city,  55,545;  Passaic  city,  54,773;  West  Hobo- 
ken  town,  35,403;  East  Orange  city,  34,371;  Perth  Amboy  city,  32,121;  Orange 
city,  29,030;  Montclair  town,  21,550;  Union  town,  21,023;  Kearny  town,  18,(>59; 
Bloomfleld  town,  15,070;  Harrison  town,  14,498;  Hackensack  town,  14,050; 
West  New  York  town,  13,500;  Irvington  town,  11.877;  Englewood  city,  9,924; 
Rahway  city,  9,337;  Rutherford  borough,  7,045;  South  Orange  village,  6,014; 
Nutiey  town,  6,009;  Roosevelt  borough,  5,780;  Guttenberg  town,  5,647. 

Chicago  district.— Illinois:  Evanston  citv,  24,978;  Oak  Park  village,  19,444;  Cicero 
town,  14,557;  Chicago  Heights  city,  14,525;  Blue  Island  village,  8,043;  Mav- 
wood  village,  8,033;  Harvey  city,  7,227;  Forest  Park  village,  0,594;  Berwyn  city, 
5,841;  La  Grange  village,  5,282.  Indiana:  Hammond  city,  20,925;  East  Chicago 
city,  19,098;  Gary  city,  16,802;  Whiting  city,  6,587. 

Philadelphia  district. — Pennsylvania:  Chester  city,  38,537;  Norristown  borough, 
27,875;  Bristol  borough,  9,256;  Conshohocken  borough,  7,480;  Darby  borough, 
0,305.  New  Jersey:  Camden  city,  94,538;  Gloucester  city,  9,462;  Burlington 
city,  8,336. 

JJo»to7Kli«trjct.— Cambridge  city,  104,839;  Lynn  citv,  89,336;  Somerville  city,  77,230; 
Maiden  city,  44,404;  Salem  city,  43.697;  Newton  city,  39,806;  Everett  city, 
33,484;  Quincy  city,  32,642;  Chelsea  city,  32,452;  Waltham  city,  27,834:  Brook- 
line  town,  27,792;  Medlord  city,  23,150;  Revere  town,  18,219;  Peabody  town, 
15,721;  M:elrose  city,  15,715;  Hyde  Park  town,  15,507:  Woburn  city,  15,308; 
Framingham  town,  12,948;  w'eymouth  town,  12,895;  Watertown  town,  12,875; 
Wakefield  town,  11,404;  Ariington  town,  11,187;  Winthrop  town,  10,132;  Na- 
tick  town,  9,m>;  Winchester  town,  9,309;  Dedham  town,  9,284;  Braintree 
town,  8,060;  Saugus  town,  8,047;  Norwood  town,  8,014;  Milton  town,  7^924; 
Marblehead  town,  7, 338;  Stoneham  town,7,090;  Swampscott  town,  6, 204;  Bel- 
mont town,  5,642;  Wellesley  town,  5,413;  Needham  town,  5,026. 


Pittsburgh  district.- McKeesport  city,  42,694;  Braddock  borough,  19,357;  Wilkins- 
burg  borough,  18,924;  Homestead  borough,  18,713;  Duquesne  borough,  15,727; 
McKees  Rocks  borough,  14,702;  North  Braddock  borough,  11,824;  Carnegie 
borough,  10,009;  Sharpsburg  borough,  8,163;  Jeanette  borough,  8,077;  Millvale 
1)orough,  7,861;  New  Kensington  borough,  7,707;  Tarentum  borough,  7,414; 
Swissvale  borough,  7,381;  Bellevue  borough,  6,323;  Wilmerding  borough, 
6,133;  Carrick  borough,  6,117;  Rankin  borougn,  6,042;  Etna  borough,  5,830; 
ICnoxville  borough,  5,651;  St.  Clair  borough,  5,640;  East  Pittsburgh  borough, 
5,615;  Glassport  borough,  5,540;  Coraopolis  bOTOUgh,  5,252;  Munhall  borough, 
5,185. 

St.  Louis  district. — Missouri:  Wellston  city,  7,312;  Webster  Groves  city,  7,080. 
Illinois:  East  St.  Louis  city,  58^547;  Granite  city,  9,903;  Madison  village,  5,046. 

San  Francisco-Oakland  district.- Berkeley  city,  40,434;  Alameda  city,  23,383; 
Richmond  city,  6,802;  San  Rafael  city,  5.934. 

Cleveland  district. — Lakewood  city,  15,181;  East  Cleveland  city,  9,179;  Newburgb 
city,  5.813. 

Cincinnati  district. — Ohio:  Norwood  city,  16,185;  Madisonville  city,  5,193;  St. 
Bernard  city,  5,002.  Kentucky:  Covington  city,  63,270;  Newiwrt  city,  30,309; 
Dayton  city,  6,979;  Bellevue  city,  6,683. 

Detroit  district.— Wyandotte  city,  8,287. 

Buffalo  district.— Lackawanna  city,  14,549;  North  Tonawanda  city,  11,955;  Tona- 
wanda  city,  8,290. 

Los  A  ngelea  district.— Pasadena  city,  30,291 ;  Long  Beach  city,  17,809;  Santa  Monica 
city,  7,847;  Alhambra  city,  5,021. 

Milwaukee  district.— West  Allls  city,  6,645;  South  Milwaukee  city,  6,092. 

Providerux  district.— Pawtucket  city,  51,622;  Warwick  town,  26,629;  Central  Falls 
city,  22,754;  Cranston  city,  21,107;  East  Providence  town,  15,808;  Cumber- 
land town,  10,107;  Lincoln  town,  9.825:  Johnston  town,  5.935;  North  Provi- 
dence town,  5,407. 

Washington  district.— Alexandria  city  (Va.),  15,329. 

Kansas  City  {Mo.  and  Kans.)  district.— Rosedale  city  (Kans.),  6,960. 

Louisville  district.— Indiana:  New  Albany  city,  20,629;  Jeflersonville  city,  10,412. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


63 


POPTJIATION  OF  INDIVIDUAL  CITIES. 


The  statistics  of  population  for  individual  cities 
and  other  incorporated  places  having,  in  1910,  2,500 
inhabitants  or  more  are  given  in  this  section. 

Table  27  shows  the  population  of  cities  having,  in 
1910,  25,000  inhabitants  or  more  as  reported  at  the 
censuses  of  1910,  1900,  and  1890,  with  the  per  cent  of 
mcrease  from  1900  to  1910  and  from  1890  to  1900. 

Table  28  (pp.  65  to  75)  shows  the  population  of  incor- 
porated places  and  New  England  to%vns  having,  in  1910, 
2,500  inhabitants  or  more,  alphabetically  arranged  by- 
states,  as  reported  at  the  last  three  Federal  censuses, 
namely,  those  of  1910,  1900,  and  1890. 

In  using  the  figures  given  in  these  tables,  it  should  be 
remembered  that,  in  some  instances,  the  growth  of  a 
city  or  other  incorporated  place  may  have  been  due  in 
part  to  annexation  of  suburban  territory.  Except  in 
the  cases  of  New  York  City,  Pittsburgh,  and  a  few 
other  similar  consolidations  mentioned  in  footnotes 


to  these  tables,  no  allowance  has  been  made  for  such 
annexations. 

Of  the  225  cities  of  25,000  inhabitants  or  more  for 
which  comparative  figures  for  the  two  decades  are  given, 
153  showed  a  greater  absolute  increase  in  the  decade 
1900  to  1910  than  in  the  preceding  decade,  and  114 
of  these  showed  also  a  higher  percentage  of  increase. 

As  regards  rates  of  increase  from  1900  to  1910,  the 
cities  having  at  least  25,000  inhabitants  are  distrib- 
uted as  shown  in  the  following  table: 

'''qr**'       rate  of  increase: 
'"'                     1900-1910 

United 
States. 

Northern 
states. 

Southern 
states. 

Western 
states. 

Total 

2S9 

22 
17 
29 
54 
47 
42 
15 
3 

167 

4 
9 
22 
46 
39 
36 
9 
2 

44 

9 
7 
3 
6 
6 
6 
6 
1 

18 

Over  100  per  cent 

9 

70  to  100  per  cent 

1 

50  to  70  per  cent 

4 

30  to  50  percent 

2 

20  to  30  per  cent 

2 

10  to  20  per  cent 

Under  10  per  cent 

Decrease 

POPULATION  OF  CITIES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  25,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE,  WITH  PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE:  1890-1910. 


Table  27 


Alabama 


Birmingham. 

Mobile 

Montgomery . 


Arkansai 


Little  Rock. 


CalUomia 

Berkeley 

Los  Angeles 

Oakland 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Francisco 

San  Jose 


Colorado 


Colorado  Springs. 

Denver 

Pueblo 


Connecticut 


Bridgeport  * 

Hartford  2 

Meriden  town.... 

Meriden  city  . 

New  Britain  2 

New  Havens 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town . . . 

Stamford  city 
Waterburys 


Delaware 

Wilmington 

District  of  Columbia 

Washington  s 

Florida 


Jacksonville. 
Tampa 


Georgia 


Atlanta. . . 
Augusta. . . 

Macon 

Savannah. 


POPULATION. 


1910 


132,685 
51,521 
38,136 


45,941 


40,434 
319, 198 
150, 174 
30,291 
44,696 
39,578 
416,912 
28,946 


29,078 
213,381 
44,395 


102, 
98, 
32, 

27, 
43, 
133, 


87,411 
331,069 


57,699 
37, 782 


154,839 
41,040 
40,665 
65,064 


1900 


38,415 
38,469 
30,346 


38,307 


13,214 
102,479 

66,960 
9,117 

29,282 

17,700 
342,782 

21,500 


21,085 
133,859 
28,157 


70,996 
79,850 
28,695 
H,296 
25,998 
108,027 
24,637 
18,839 
15,997 
45,859 


76,508 


278, 718 


28,429 
15,839 


89,872 
39,441 
23,272 
54,244 


1890 


26,178 
31,076 
21,883 


25,874 


6,101 

50,395 

48,682 

4,882 

26,386 

16, 159 

298,997 

«    18,060 


11,140 
106,713 
24,558 


48,866 
53,230 
25,423 

21,652 
16,519 
81,298 
23,048 
15,700 


28,646 


61,431 


230,392 


17,201 
5,532 


65,533 
33,300 
22,746 
43, 189 


PEB  CENT  or 
mCBEASE.I 


190fr- 
1910 


245.4 
33.9 
25.7 


19.9 


206. 
211. 
124. 
232. 

52. 
123. 

21. 

34. 


37.9 
59.4 
57.7 


14.3 


18.8 


103.0 
,138.5 


72.3 
4.1 

74.7 
19.9 


189fr- 
1900 


46.7 
23.8 
38.7 


48.1 


159.0 
103.4 
37.5 
86.7 
11.0 
9.5 
14.6 
19.0 


89.3 
25.4 
14.7 


45.3 
50.0 
12.9 
It.  2 
57.4 
32.9 
6.9 
20.0 


60.1 


24.5 


21.0 


65.3 
186.3 


37.1 

18.4 

2.3 

25.6 


niinolB 


Aurora 

Bloomington . . 

Chicago 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis. 

Elgin 

JoUet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 


Indiana 


Evansville... 
Fort  Wajme. 
Indianapolis. 
South  Bend. 
Terre  Haute. 


Iowa 


Cedar  Rapids. 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wlohlta 


Kentucky 


Covington . 
Lexington. 
Louisville. 
Newport . . 


Louisiana 


New  Orleans . 
Shreveport . . . 


Maine 


Lewiston . 
Portland. 


Maryland 


Baltimore. 


POPULATION. 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE  .1 


1910 


29,807 
25,768 
2,185,283 
27,871 
31,140 
58,547 
25,976 
34,670 
66,950 
36,587 
45,401 
51,678 


69,647 
63,933 
233,650 
53,684 
68,157 


32,811 
25,577 
29,292 
43,028 
86,368 
38,494 
47,828 
26,693 


82,331 
43,684 
52,450 


53,270 
35,099 
223,928 
30,309 


339,075 
28,015 


26,247 
68,571 


558,485 


1900 


24,147 
23,286 
1,698,576 
16,354 
20,754 
29,655 
22,433 
29,353 
56,100 
36,252 
31,051 
34, 159 


59,007 
45, 115 

169,164 
35,999 
36,673 


25,656 
22,698 
25,802 
35,254 
62, 139 
36,297 
33,111 
12,580 


61,418 
33,608 
24,671 


42,938 

26,369 

204,731 

28,301 


287,104 
16,013 


23,761 
50,145 


508,957 


1890 


19,688 
20,484 
,099,850 
11,491 
16,841 
15, 169 
17,823 
23,264 
41,024 
31,494 
23,584 
24,963 


60,756 
35,393 
105,436 
21,819 
30,217 


18,020 
13,619 
21,474 
26,872 
50,093 
30,311 
37,806 
6,674 


38,316 
31,007 
23,853 


37,371 
21,567 
161,129 
24,918 


242,039 
11,979 


21,701 
36,425 


434,439 


1900- 
1910 


23.4 
10.7 
28.7 
70.4 
60.0 
97.4 
15.8 
18.1 
19.3 
0.9 
46.2 
51.3 


18.0 
41.7 
38.1 
49.1 
58.6 


27.9 
12.7 
13.5 
22.1 
39.0 
6.1 
44.4 
112.2 


60.1 
30.0 
112.6 


24.1 
33.1 
9.4 

7.1 


18.1 
76.0 


10.6 
16.8 


9.7 


1890- 
1900 


22.6 
13.7 
54.4 
42.3 
23.2 
95.5 
25.9 
26.2 
36.7 
15.1 
31.7 
36.8 


16.3 
27.5 
60.4 
65.0 
21.4 


42.4 
66.7 
20.2 
31.2 
24.0 
19.7 
-12.4 
88.6 


34.2 
8.4 
3.4 


14.9 
22.3 
27.1 
13.6 


18.6 
33.7 


9.5 

37.7 


17.2 


«  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


'  Town  and  city  now  coextensive.         '  Population  is  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  with  which  the  city  is  coextensive. 


64 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF   CITIES    HAVING,   IN  1910,   25,000    INHABITANTS  OR    MORE,   WITH   PER    CENT  OF  INCREASE: 

1890-1910— Continued . 


Table  27— Continued. 
taTT. 


POPULATION. 


1910 


Massachusetts 

Boston 

Brockton 

Brookline  town 

Cambridge 

Chelsea 

Chicopee 

Everett 

Fall  River 

Fitchburg 

Haverhill. 

Holyoke 

Lawrence 

Lowell 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford 

Newton 

Plttsfield 

Qulncy 

Salem 

SomerviUe 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Waltham 

Worcester 

Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

BayCity 

Detroit 

Flint 

Grand  Rapids 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 

Minnesota 

Duluth 

Minneapolis 

St.  Paul 

Missouri 

Joplin 

Kansas  City 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Louis 

Springfield 

Montana 

Butte 

I^ebraska 

Lincoln 

Omaha 

South  Omaha 

BTew  Hampshire 

Manchester 

Nashua 

New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

EUzabeth 

Holx>ken 

Jersey  City 

Newark , 

Orange , 

Passaic 

Paterson 

Perth  Amboy , 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town , 

New  York 

Albany 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

BinghamtoH 

Buffalo 

Elmira 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon , 

New  Rochelle 

New  York  2 

Manhattan  Borough , 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough 

QueeTis  Borough , 

Richmond  Borough 

•A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease, 


670,585 
56,878 
27, 792 

104,839 
32,452 
25,401 
33,484 

119,295 
37,826 
44,115 
57, 730 
85,892 

106,294 
89,336 
44,404 
96,652 
39,806 
32, 121 
32,642 
43,697 
77,236 
88,926 
34,259 
27,834 

145,986 


25,267 
45, 166 

465, 766 
38,550 

112,571 
31,433 
39,437 
31,229 
50,510 


78,466 
301,408 
214, 744 


32,073 

248,381 
77,403 

687,029 
35,201 


39,165 


43,973 
124,096 
26,259 


70,063 
26,005 


46,150 
55,545 
94,538 
34,371 
73,409 
70,324 
267,779 
347,469 
29,630 
54,773 
125,600 
32, 121 
96,815 
35,403 


100, 253 

31,267 

34,668 

48,443 

423, 715 

37, 176 

31,297 

25,908 

30,919 

28,867 

4,766,883 

Z,  33 1,543 

430,980 

1,634,351 

m,04t 

85,969 


1900 


560,892 
40,063 
19,935 
91,886 
34,072 
19, 167 
24,336 

104,863 
31,531 
37, 175 
45,712 
62,559 
94,969 
68,513 
33,664 
62,442 
33,587 
21,766 
23,899 
35,956 
61,643 
62,059 
31,036 
23,481 

118,421 


18,563 
27,628 
285, 704 
13,103 
87,565 
25, 180 
24,404 
16,485 
42,345 


52,969 
202, 718 
163,065 


26,023 
163, 752 
102,979 
575,238 

23,267 


30,470 


40, 169 
102,555 
26,001 


56,987 
23,898 


27,838 

32, 722 

75,935 

21,506 

52, 130 

59,364 

206,433 

246,070 

24,141 

27, 777 

105, 171 

17,699 

73,307 

23,094 


94, 151 

20,929 

30,345 

39,647 

352,387 

35, 672 

22,892 

24,535 

21,228 

14,720 

3, 437, 202 

1,850,093 

S00,507 

1,166,682 

152,999 

67,021 


1890 


448,477 
27,294 
12,103 
70,028 
27,909 
14,050 
11,068 
74,398 
22,037 
27,412 
35,637 
44,654 
77,696 
55, 727 
23,031 
40, 733 
24,379 
17,281 
16, 723 
30,801 
40, 152 
44,179 
25,448 
18, 707 
84,655 


13,197 
27,839 
205,876 
9,803 
60,278 
20, 798 
17,853 
13, 102 
46,322 


33, 115 
164, 738 
133, 156 


9,943 
132, 716 

52,324 
451,770 

21,850 


10, 723 


55, 154 

140, 452 

8,062 


44, 126 
19,311 


13,055 
19,033 
58,313 


37,764 
43,648 
163,003 
181,830 
18,844 
13,028 
78,347 
9,512 
57,458 


94 
17 
25 
35 
255 
30 
16 
21 
10 
9 
2,507 


,547 

,050 
,693 


PER    CENT   OF 
INCREASE.! 


190O- 
1910 


19.6 
42.0 
39.4 
14.1 
-4.8 
32.5 
37.6 
13.8 
20.0 
18.7 
26.3 
37.3 
11.9 
30.4 
31.9 
54.8 
18.5 
47.6 
36.6 
21.5 
25.3 
43.3 
10.4 
18.5 
23.3 


36.1 
63.5 
68.0 
194.2 
28.6 
24.8 
61.6 
89.4 
19.3 


48.1 
48.7 
31.7 


23.2 
51.7 
-24.8 
19.4 
51.3 


28.5 


9.5 

21.0 

1.0 


69.7 
24.5 
59.8 
40.8 
18.5 
29.7 
41.2 
22.7 
97.2 
19.4 
81.5 
32.1 
53.3 


6.5 
49.4 
14.2 
22.2 
20.2 

4.2 
36.7 

5.6 
45.7 
96.1 
38.7 
26.0 
114.9 
40.1 


1890- 
1900 


25.1 
46.8 
64.7 
31.2 
22.1 
36.4 
119.9 
40.9 
43.1 
35.6 
28.3 
40.1 
22.2 
22.9 
46.2 
53.3 
37.8 
26.0 
42.9 
16.7 
53.5 
40.5 
22.0 
25.5 
39.9 


40.7 
-0.8 
38.8 
33.7 
45.3 
21.1 
36.7 
25.8 
-8.6 


60.0 
23.1 
22.5 


161.7 
23.4 
96.8 
27.3 
6.5 


184.2 


-27.2 
-27.0 
222.5 


29.1 
23.8 


113.2 
71.9 
30.2 


38.0 
36.0 
26.6 
35.3 
28.1 
113.2 
34.2 
86.1 
27.6 


-0.8 
20.7 
17.4 
13.3 
37.8 
15.5 
42.7 
15.4 
96.0 
62.5 
37.1 
28.4 

125.5 
39.1 
75.8 
29.7 


New  York— Con. 


Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls. 
Poughkeepsie. 

Rochester 

Schenectady.. 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 


North  Carolina 


Charlotte 

Wilmington. 


Ohio 


Akron 

Canton 

Cincinnati. . . 

Cleveland 

Columbus 

Dayton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield.. 

Toledo 

Youngstown. 
Zanesville 


Oklahoma 


Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City. 


Oregon 


Portland. 


Pennsylvania 


AUentown. 
Altoona. .. 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 


Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lanca.ster 

McKeesport 

Newcastle 

Norristown  borough. . 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburgh 

Reading 

Scranton 

Shenandoah  borough . 

Wilkes-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 


Bhode  Island 


Newport 

Pawtucket 

Providence 

Warwick  town. 
Woonsocket 


South  Carolina 


Charleston. 
Columbia.. 


Tennessee 


Chattanooga. 
Knoxville. . . 

Memphis 

Nashville 


Texas 


Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth.. .^. 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 


POPULATION. 


1910 


27,805 
30, 445 
27,936 

218, 149 
72, 826 

137, 249 
76,813 
74, 419 
26, 730 
79, 803 


34, 014 
25,748 


69,067 
50,217 
363, 591 
560,663 
181,511 
116,577 
35,279 
30,508 
28,883 
25, 404 
46,921 
168, 497 
79, 066 
28, 026 


25,278 
64, 205 


207, 214 


51,913 
52, 127 
38,537 
28,523 
66, 525 
64,186 
25, 452 
55, 482 
47, 227 
42,694 
36,280 
27,875 
,549,008 

633,905 
96,071 

129, 867 
25, 774 
67,105 
31,860 
44,750 


27,149 
51,622 
224,326 
26.629 
38, 125 


58,833 
26,319 


44,604 
36,346 
131,105 
110,364 


29,860 
92,104 
39,279 
73,312 
36,981 
78,800 
96, 614 
26,425 


1900 


24,943 
19, 457 
24,029 

162,608 
31,682 

108, 374 
60, 651 
56, 383 
21,696 
47, 931 


18.091 
20,976 


42,728 

30,667 

325,902 

381,768 

125, 560 

85,333 

23,914 

21, 723 

16,028 

18,157 

38,253 

131,822 

44, 885 

23,538 


4,254 
10,037 


90,426 


35, 416 
38,973 
33,988 
25,238 
52, 733 
50,167 
14,230 
35,936 
41,459 
34,227 
28.339 
22, 265 
1,293,697 
3  4.51, 512 
78,961 
102, 026 
20, 321 
51,721 
28, 757 
33,708 


22,441 
39,231 

175, 597 
21.316 
28,204 


55,807 
21,108 


30, 154 
32,637 
102,320 
80,865 


1890 


23,087 


22, 206 
133,896 
19, 902 
88, 143 
60,956 
44,007 
14, 725 
32,033 


11,557 
20,056 


27,601 

26, 189 

296,908 

261,353 

88,150 

61,220 

17, 565 

15, 981 

4,863 

14,270 

31,895 

81,434 

33,220 

21,009 


4,151 


46,385 


25, 228 
30,337 
20,226 
14,481 
40,634 
39,385 
11,872 
21,805 
32,011 
20, 741 
11,600 
19, 791 
1,046,964 
8  343, 904 
58,661 
75,215 
15,944 
37,718 
27, 132 
20, 793 


19, 457 
27,633 
132,1^6 
17, 761 
20, 830 


54,955 
15,353 


29,100 
22,535 
64, 495 
76,168 


22,258 

14, 575 

42,638 

38,067 

15,906 

10,338 

26,688 

33,076 

37, 789 

•29,084 

44,633 

27,557 

53,321 

37,673 

20,686 

14,445 

'  Population  of  New  York  and  its  boroughs  as  now  constituted.        '  Includes  population  of  Allegheny:  1900, 129,896;  1890, 105,287. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


65 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES   HAVING,   IN  1910,  25,000    INHABITANTS    OR    MORE,  WITH    PER    CENT  OF  INCREASE: 

1890-1910— Continued . 


Table  37 — Continued. 


POPXJLATION. 


1910 


1900 


1890 


PER  CENT  or 
INCREASE.! 


190O- 
1910 


1890- 
1900 


POPULATION. 


1910 


1900 


1S90 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE.' 


190O- 
1910 


1890- 
1900 


Vtali 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 

Virg^inla 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Richmond 

Roanoke 

Washingrton 

Seattle 

Spokane 

T^tooma 


25,580 
92,777 


29,494 
67,452 
33,190 
127,628 
34,874 


237,194 
104,402 
83,743 


16,313 
53,531 


18,891 
46,624 
17,427 
85,050 
21,495 


80,671 
36,848 
37,714 


14,889 
44,843 


19,709 
34,871 
13,268 
81,388 
16,159 


42,837 
19,922 
36,006 


56.8 
73.3 


56.1 
44.7 
90.5 
50.1 
62.2 


194.0 
183.3 
122.0 


9.6 
19.4 


-4.2 
33.7 
31.3 
4.5 
33.0 


88.3 

85.0 

4.7 


West  Virgrlnia 

Huntington , 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse , 

Madison , 

Milwaukee 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Supenor 


31.161 
41,641 


25,236 
30,417 
25,531 
373,857 
33,062 
38,002 
26.398 
40,384 


11,923 
38,878 


18,684 
28,895 
19, 164 
285,315 
28,284 
29,102 
22,962 
31,091 


10,108 
34,522 


25 
13, 
204 
22 
2V 
16 
11 


161.4 
7.1 


35.1 
5.3 
33.2 
31.0 
16.9 
30.6 
15.0 
29.9 


18.0 
12.6 


106.0 
15.2 
42.7 
39.5 
23.9 
38.5 
40.4 

150.6 


'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890. 

(Tbls  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28 

OTY,  TOWN,  VILLAQE, 
OH  BOROUGH. 


Alabama 

Alabama  City  town..., 

Anniston  city 

Attalla  town 

Bessemer  city , 

Birmingham  city , 


Decatur  city.. 
Dothancity.. 
Eufaula  city. . 
Florence  city. 
Gadsden  city. 


Oirard  city 

Greenville  city... 
Huntsville  town. 

Jasper  town 

Lanett  town 


Mobile  city , 

Montgomery  city . , 
New  Decatur  city . 

Opelikacitv , 

PhenixCity 


Selmacity 

Sheffield  city.. 
Talladega  city. 
Troy  city 


Tuscaloosa  city 

Tuscumbia  city 

Tnskegee  town 

Union  Springs  town. 

Aiisona 


Bisbeecity... 
Clifton  cit^... 
Douglas  city.. 

Globe  city 

Nogales  town. 

Phoenix  city . 
Prescottcity.. 
Tucson  city... 
Yuma  town.. 


Arkansas 


Argentacity 

Arkadelphiacity. 
Batesville  city. . . . 
Blytheville  town. 
Camden  city 


Conway  city 

El  Dorado  city 

Eureka  Springs  city. 

Fayette  ville  city 

Fordycecity 


1910 


4,313 
12,794 

2,513 
10,864 
132,686 

4,228 
7,016 
4,259 
6,689 
10,557 

4,214 
3,377 
7,611 
2,509 
3,820 

51,521 
38,136 
6,118 
4,734 
4,555 

13,649 
4,865 
5,854 
4,961 

8,407 
3,324 
2,803 
4,055 


9,019 
4,874 
6,437 
7,083 
3,514 

11,134 
5,092 

13, 193 
2,914 


11,138 
2,745 
3,399 
3,849 
3,995 

2,794 
4,202 
3,228 
4,471 
2,794 


1900 


2,276 
9,695 
1,692 
6,358 
36,416 

3,114 
3,275 
4,532 
6,478 
4,282 

3,840 
3,162 
8,068 
1,661 
2,909 

38,469 
30,346 
4,437 
4,245 
4,163 

8,713 
3,3.33 
5,05fi 
4,097 

5,094 
2,348 
2,170 
2,634 


1,761 

5,544 
3,559 
7,531 


2,739 

2,327 

302 

2,840 

2,003 
1,009 
3,572 
4,061 
1,710 


1890 


9,998 

1,254 

4,644 

26,178 

2,765 
247 
4,394 
6,012 
2,901 


2,806 

7,905 

780 

777 

31,076 

21,883 

3,565 

3,703 

3,700 

7,622 
2,731 
2,063 
3,449 

4,215 

2,491 
1,803 
2,049 


1,194 

3,152 
1,759 
5,150 


2,455 
2,150 


2,571 

1,207 

455 

3,706 

2,942 

980 


arr,  town,  tiuaoe, 

OR  BOROUGH. 


Arkanta*— Con. 


Fort  Smith  city.. 

Uelenacity 

Hope  city 

Uot  Springs  city. 
Jonesboro  city. . . 


LlttW  Rock  city. 
Malvern  town... 
Mariannacity... 

Mcna  town 

Newport  town... 


Panumuldcity., 
Pine  Bluff  city. 
Prescott  town . . 
Rogers  town.... 


RussellvUiecity. 
Stuttgart  city.... 
Texarkana  city '. 
Van  Burenclty.. 


California 


Alameda  city 

Alhambracity.., 
.\naheim  town.. 
Bakersfield  city. 
Berkeley  city 


Chico  city 

Coalinga  city 

Coltoncity 

Corona  city 

Emeryville  town. 


Eureka  city 

Fresno  city 

Glendalecity 

Grass  Valley  city . 
Hanfordcity 


Hay  ward  town.. 

Lodicity 

Long  Beach  city. 
Los  Angeles  city. 
MarysviUecity.. 


Merced  city 

Mill  Valley  town. 

Modesto  city 

Monrovia  city 

Monterey  city 


Napa  city 

Nevada  City 

Oakland  city 

Ocean  Park  city. 
Ontario  city 


1910 


2.3,975 
8,772 
3,639 

14,434 
7,123 

45,941 
2,778 
4,810 
3,953 
3,557 

6,248 
15,102 
2,705 
2,820 

2,936 
2,740 
5,655 
3,878 


23,383 
5,021 
2,628 
12,727 
40,434 

3,750 
4,199 
3,980 
3,540 
2,613 

11,845 
24,892 
2,746 
4,520 
4,829 

2,746 
2,697 
17,809 
319, 198 
5,430 

3,102 
2,551 
4,034 
3,576 
4,923 

5,791 
2,689 
150, 174 
3,119 
4,274 


1900 


11,687 
6,650 
1,644 
0,973 
4,608 

38,307 
1,682 
1,707 
3,423 
2,866 

3,324 
11,496 
2,005 
2,158 

1,832 
1,258 
4,914 
2,673 


16,464 


1,456 
4,836 
13,214 

2,640 


1,285 
1,434 
1,016 

7,327 
12,470 


4,719 
2,929 

1,965 


2,252 

102,479 

3,497 


2,024 
1,205 

1,748 

4,036 
3,250 
66,960 


1890 


11,311 
6,189 
1,937 
8,086 
2,066 

25,874 
1,520 
1,126 


1,671 

1,666 
9,952 
1,287 
1,265 

1,321 
1,165 
3,528 
2,291 


11,165 


1,273 
2,626 
5,101 

2,894 


1,315 
'"'228 


4,858 
10,818 


942 
1,419 


664 
50,395 
3,991 

2,009 


2,402 

907 

1,662 

4,395 
2,524 
48,682 


683 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


California— Con. 


Orange  city 

Orovillecity... 
Oxnard  city... 
Palo  Alto  city. 
Pasadena  city. 


Petalumacity.. 
Pomona  city... 
Portervlllecity. 
Red  Bluff  city.. 
Redding  city... 


Redlandscity 

Redondo  Beach  city. 

Richmond  city 

Riverside  city 

Roseville  city 


Sacramento  city 

Salinas  city 

San  Bernardino  city. 

San  Diego  city 

San  Francisco  city... 


San  Jose  city 

San  Leandro  city 

San  Luis  Obispo  city. 

San  Mateo  city 

San  Rafael  city 


Santa  Ana  city 

Santa  Barbara  city . . . 

Santa  Clara  town 

Santa  Cniz  city 

Santa  Monica  city 


Santa  Rosa  city 

South  Pasadena  city. 

Stockton  city 

Tulare  city 

Vallejo  city 


Ventura  city 

VLsaliacity 

Watsonville  city. 

Whittier  city 

Woodland  city.. 


Colorado 


Alamosa  town 

Boulder  city 

Canon  City 

Colorado  City 

Colorado  Springs  city. . 


1910 


2,920 
3,859 
2,555 
4,486 
30,291 


5,880 
10,207 
2,696 
3,530 
3,572 

10,449 
2,935 
6,802 

15,212 
2,606 

44,696 

3,736 

12,779 

39,578 

416,912 

28,946 
3,471 
5,157 
4,384 
5,934 

8,429 
11,659 

4,348 
11,146 

7,847 

7,817 
4,649 

23,253 
2,758 

11,340 

2,945 
4,550 
4,446 
4,550 
3,187 


3,013 
9,539 
5,162 
4,333 
29,078 


1900 


1,216 


1,658 
9,117 


3,871 
5,526 


2,760 
2,946 

4,797 
855 


7,973 


29,282 
3,304 
6,150 

17,700 
342,782 

21,500 
2,253 
3,021 
1,832 
3,879 

4,933 
6,587 
3,650 
5,6.59 
3,057 

6,673 
1,001 
17,506 
2,216 
7,965 

2,470 
3,085 
3,528 
1,590 
2,886 


1,141 
6,150 
3,776 
2,914 
21,085 


1  Joint  population  of  Texarkana  city  .MUler  County,  Ark.,  and  Texarkana  city,  Bowie  County,  Tex.:  1910, 15,445;  1900, 10,170;  1890,  6,380. 
72497°— 13 5  + 


1890 


866 


4,882 


3,692 
3,634 


2,608 
1,821 


1,904 
603 


4,683 


26,386 

2,339 

4,012 

16, 159 

298,997 

18,060 

'2,' 995 

"3,' 290 

3,628 
5,864 
2,891 
5,596 
1,580 

5,220 
623 
14,424 
2,697 
6,343 

2,320 

2,885 

2,149 

585 

3,069 


973 

3,330 

2,825 

1,788 

11,140 


66 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  Inhabitants  or  more  In  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— Con. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Colorado — Con. 

Cripple  Creek  city 

Denver  city 

Durango  city 

Englewood  city 

Florence  city 

Fort  Collins  city 

Fort  Morgan  city 

Grand  Junction  city. . . 

Greeley  city 

La  Junta  city 

Lamar  town 

Lead^rilie  city 

Longmont  city 

Loveland  city 

Monte  Vista  town 

Montrose  city 

Pueblo  city 

Rocky  Ford  city 

Salidaclty 

Sterling  city 

Trinidad  city 

Victor  city 

Cojmecticat 

Ansonia  city 

Berlin  town 

Bethel  town 

Beth  el  borough 

Branford  town 

Branford  borough 

Bridgeport  city 

Bristol  town 

Bristol  borotigh 

Canton  town 

Danbury  town 

Davhury  city 

Danielson  borough  (see 

KUlingly  town). 

Darien  town 

Derbycity 

Bast  Hai'tford  town. . . 

East  Windsor  town 

Enfield  town 

Essex  town 

Fairfield  town 

Farmington  town 

Glastonbury  town 

Greenwich  town 

Greenwich  borough... 

Griswold  town 

Jewett  City  borotigh.. 

Groton  town 

Guilford  town 

Hamden  town 

Hartford  city 

Huntington  town 

Shelton  borough 

Jewett  City  borough 

(see  Griswold  town). 

Killingly  town 

Danielson  borough  . . . 

Litchfield  town 

Manchester  town 

Meriden  town 

Meriden  city 

Middletown  town 

Middletown  city 

Milford  town 

Montville  town 

Naugatuck  borough. . . 

New  Britain  city 

New  Canaan  town 

New  Haven  city 

New  London  city 

New  Milford  town 

Newtown  town 

Norwalk  town 

Norwalk  city 

South  Norwalk  city. . . 
Norwich  town 

Norwich  city 


1910 


6,206 
213,381 
4,686 
2,983 
2,712 

8,210 
2,800 
7,754 
8,179 
4,154 

2,977 
7,508 
4,256 
3,651 

2,544 
3,254 
44,395 
3,230 

4,425 
3,044 
10,204 
3,162 


15,152 
3,728 
3,792 
SMI 
6,047 
1,660 
102,054 

13,502 

9,m 

2,732 
23,502 

W,es4 


3,946 
8,991 
8,138 
3,362 
9,719 

2,745 
6,134 
3,478 
4,796 
16,483 
S,886 

4,233 
S,02S 
6,495 
3,001 
5,850 

98,915 
6,546 
4,507 


6,564 
S,9S4 
3,005 
13,641 
32,066 
S7,Se5 

20,749 

11,861 

4,366 

2,804 

12,722 

43,916 

3,667 

133,605 

19,659 
6,010 

3,012 
24,211 
e,9Bl 
8,968 
28,219 
W,S67 


1900 


10, 147 

133,859 

3,317 


3,728 

3,053 
634 
3,503 
3,023 
2,513 


12,455 
2,201 
1,091 

556 

1,217 

28,157 

2,018 

3,722 

998 

5,345 

4,986 


12,681 
3,448 
3,327 
S,B61 
5,706 

70,996 

9,643 
6,268 
2,678 
19,474 
ie,6S7 


3,116 
7,930 
6,406 
3,158 


2,530 
4,489 
3,331 
4,268 
12,172 


3,490 

e,tH 

6,962 
2,785 
4,626 

79,850 
5,572 
Z,8S7 


6,835 
2,82S 
3,214 
10,601 
28,695 


17,486 
9,689 
3,783 
2,395 

10,541 

25,998 

2,968 

108,027 

17,548 
4,804 

3,276 
19,932 
6,126 
6,591 
24,637 
17,m 


1890 


106,713 
2,726 


2,011 
488 
2,030 
2,395 
1,439 

566 
10,384 
1,543 


780 

1,330 

24,558 

408 

2,586 

640 

5,523 


2,600 
3,401 
S,SSS 
4,460 


48,866 
7,382 


2,500 
19,473 
16,662 


2,276 


4,456 
2,890 
7,199 

2,035 
3,868 
3,179 
3,467 
10,131 


3,113 
1,9S4 
6,639 
2,780 
3,882 

63,230 
4,006 
1,968 


7,027 


3,304 

8,222 

25,423 

21,66$ 

15,205 
9,013 
3,811 
2,344 


16,619 

2,701 

81,298 

13, 767 

3,917 

3,639 
17,747 


23,048 
16,166 


CITY,  TOWK,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOEOUGH. 


Connecticut— Con. 

Orange  town 

West  Haven  borough. 

Plainfield  town 

Plainville  town 

Plymouth  town 

Portland  town 

Putnam  town 

Putnam  city 

Ridgefleld  town 

Rockville  city  (sec  Ver- 
non town). 

Salisbury  town 

Seymour  town 

Shelton  borough  (see 

Huntington  town). 

Simsbury  town 

Southington  town 

Southington  borough . 

South  Norwalk  city 
(see  Norwalk  town). 

Sprague  town 

Stafford  town 

Stafford  Springs  bor- 
ough   

Stamford  toym 

Stamford  dtp 

Stontngton  town 

Stratford  town 

Suffield  town 

Thomaston  town 

Thomjison  town 

Torrington  town 

Torrington  borough. 
Vernon  town 

Rockville  city 

Wallingford  town 

Walling  ford  borough. 

Waterbury  city 

Waterford  town 

Watertown  town 

West  Hartford  town. . . 

West  Haven  borough 

(see  Orange  town). 

Westport  town 

Wethersfield  town 

Willimantic  city  (see 

Windham  town). 
Winchester  town 

Winsted  borough 

Windham  town 

Willimantic  city 

Windsor  town 

Windsor  Locks  town. . 
Winsted  borough  (see 

Winchester  town). 

Delaware 


Dover  town 

Milford  town 

New  Castle  city.. 
Wilmington  city. 


District  of  Columbia 

Washington  city  i 

Florida 

Apalachicola  city 

Bartow  town 

Day  tona  city 

De  Land  city 

Fernandina  city 


Gainesville  city. . , 
Jacksonville  city. 

Key  West  city 

Lake  City 

Lakeland  town... 


Live  Oak  city. 

Miami  city 

Ocala  city 

Orlando  city... 
Palatkacity... 


1910 


11,272 
8,643 
6,719 
2,882 
5,021 
3,425 

7,280 
6,637 
3,118 


3,522 
4,786 


2,537 
6,516 
3,714 


2,551 
6,233 

3,069 
28,836 
26,138 

9,154 
6,712 
3,841 
3,533 
4,804 

16,840 
16,483 
9,087 
7,977 
11,155 
8,690 

73,141 
3,097 
3,850 
4,808 


4,259 
3,148 


8,679 
7,764 

12,604 

11,230 

4,178 

3,716 


3,720 

2,603 

3,361 

87,411 


331,069 


3,065 
2,662 
3,082 
2,812 
3,482 

6,183 
57,699 
19,946 
5,032 
3,719 

3,460 
6,471 
4,370 
3,894 
3,779 


6,995 
6,247 
4,821 
2,189 
2,828 
3,866 

7,348 
6,667 
2,626 


3,489 
3,541 


2,094 
6,890 
3,411 


1,339 
4,297 

2,460 
18,839 
16,997 

8,640 
3,667 
3,521 
3,300 
6,442 

12,463 
8,360 
8,483 
7,287 
9,001 
6,737 

45,859 
2,904 
3,100 
3,186 


4,017 
2,637 


7,763 
6,804 

10,137 
8,937 
3,614 
3,062 


3,329 
2,600 
3,380 
76,608 


278,718 


3,077 
1,983 
1,690 
1,449 
3,245 

3,633 
28,429 
17,114 
4,013 
1,180 

1,650 
1,681 
3,380 
2,481 
3,301 


1890 


4,537 


4,582 
1,993 
2,147 
4,687 

6,612 


2,235 

3,420 
3,300 


1,874 
6,601 


1,106 
4,636 


2,353 
15,700 


7,184 
2,608 
3,169 
3,278 
6,680 

6,048 
4,283 
8,808 
9,772 
6,684 
4,230 

28,646 
2,661 
2,323 
1,930 


3,715 
2,271 


6,183 
4,846 

10,032 
8,648 
2,954 
2,768 


3,061 

2,565 

4,010 

61,431 


230,392 


2,727 
1,386 
771 
1,113 
2,803 

2,790 
17,201 
18,080 

2,020 
652 

687 


2,904 
2,856 
3,039 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Florida— Con. 

Pensacola  city 

Quincy  city 

St.  Augustine  city. . 
St.  Petersburg  town 

Sanford  city 

Tallahassee  city 

Tampa  city 

West  Tampa  city. . . 

Georgia 

Albany  city 

Americus  city 

Athens  city 

Atlanta  city 

Augusta  city 

Bainbridge  city 

Barnesville  city. . . . 

Brunswick  city 

CarroUton  town 

Cartersville  city 

Cedartown  town 

Columbus  city 

Cordele  city 

Covington  city 

Cuthbert  town 

Daltoncity 

Dawson  city 

Douglas  city 

Dublin  city 

East  Point  town 

Elberton  city 

Fitzgerald  city 

Fort  Valley  town... 

Gainesville  city 

Grifllncity 

Hawkinsville  city. . 

La  Grange  city 

Macon  city 

Marietta  city 

Milledgeville  city . . . 

Monroe  city 

Moultrie  town 

Newnan  city 

Quitman  city 

Rome  city 

Sandersville  city . . . 

Savannah  city.- 

Statesboro  city 

Summerville  town. . 
Thomas  ville  town . . 

Toccoa  town 

Valdosta  city 

Washington  city . . . 

Waycrosscity 

Waynesboro  town . . 

Idaho 

Boise  city 

Caldwell  city 

Coeur  d' Alene  city . . 
Idaho  Fails  city 

Lewistoncity 

Moscow  city 

Nampacity 

Poca telle  city 

Sandpolnt  city 

Twin  Falls  city 

Wallace  city 

Weisercity 

Illinois 

Alton  city 

Anna  city 

Aurora  city 

Averyyille  village . . 
Batavia  city 

Beardstown  city 

Belleville  city 

Bel  videre  city 

Benton  city 

Berwyn  city 


1910 


22,982 
3,204 
6,494 
4,127 

"3,670 
6,018 

37,782 
8,258 


8,190 
8,063 

14,913 
154,839 

41,040 

4,217 
3,068 
10, 182 
3,297 
4,067 

3,561 

20,554 
5,883 
2,697 
3,210 

5,324 
3,827 
3,550 
6,795 
3,682 

6,483 
6,795 
2,697 
6,925 

7,478 

3,420 
5,587 
40,666 
5,949 
4,386 

3,029 
3,349 
5,648 
3,915 
12,099 

2,641 
65,064 
2,529 
4,361 
6,727 

3,120 
7,656 
3,065 
14,486 
2,729 


17,358 
3,543 
7,291 
4,827 

6,043 
3,670 
4,205 
9,110 

2,993 
5,258 
3,000 
2,600 


17,628 
2,809 

29,807 
2,668 
4,436 

6,107 
21,122 
7,253 
2,675 
5,841 


1900 


17,747 

847 

4,272 

1,575 

1,460 
2,981 
15,839 
2,355 


4,606 

7,674 

10,245 

89,872 

39,441 

2,641 
3,036 
9,081 
1,998 
3,135 

2,823 
17,614 
3,473 
2,062 
2,641 

4,315 
2,926 
617 
2,987 
1,315 

3,834 
1,817 
2,022 
4,382 
6,867 

2,103 
4,274 
23,272 
4,446 
4,219 

1,846 
2,221 
3,654 
2,281 
7,291 

2,023 
64,244 
1,197 
3,245 
6,322 

2,176 
6,613 
3.300 
6,919 
2,030 


5,957 
997 
508 

1,262 

2,425 

2,484 

799 

4,046 


2,265 
1,364 


14,210 
2,618 

24, 147 
1,573 
3,871 

4,827 
17,484 
6,937 
1,341 


1  Coextensive  with  District  of  Columbia. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


67 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Ck)ntinued. 

{This  table  Includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
town8hii>s,  precincts,  districts,  etc. ,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.  ] 


Table  28— Con. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAQE, 
OK  BOROUGH. 


CllllOlS — Con. 


Bloomington  city 

Blue  Island  village. . . 

Bridgeport  city 

Bushnellcity 

Cairo  city 


Canton  city 

Carbondalecity. 
Carlinvillecity. . 

Carmicity 

Cartervllle  city. . 


Centraliacity... 
Champaign  city. 
Charleston  city.. 

Chester  city 

Chicago  city 


Chicago  Heights  city. 

Cicero  town 

Clinton  city 

Coaiaty 

Collinsvllle  city 


Danville  city 

Decatnr  city 

Dekalb  city 

Dixon  city 

Downers  Qrove  village 


Duquoincity 

East  Moline  city. . . 
East  St.  Louis  city. 
Edwardsville  city . . 
Efflngliam  city 


Eldorado  city. 

Elgin  city 

Evanstoncity. 
Fairburycity. 
Flora  city 


Forest  Park  village. 

Freeportclty 

Galena  city 

Oalesburg  city 

Geneseo  city 


Granite  city 

Greenville  city . . 
Harrisburgcity. 
Harvard  city . . . 
Harvey  city 


Havana  city 

Herrin  city 

Highland  city 

Highland  Park  city. 
Hillsboro  city 


Hoopestoncity.. 
Jacksonville  city . 
Jerseyrille  city. . , 
Johnston  city... 
Joliet  city 


Kankakee  city 

Kewanee  city 

La  Grange  village. 

La  Salle  city , 

Lake  Forest  city . . 


Lawrenceville  city. 

Lincoln  city 

Litchfield  city 

Lockport  city 

Macomb  city 


Madison  village. 

Marion  city 

Marseilles  city.. 
Marshall  city... 
Mattoon  city . . . 


Maywood  villa^ 

Melrose  Park  village. . . 

Mendota  city 

MetropoUs  city 

Moline  city 


1910 


25,768 
8,043 


10 

5i 
3 
2 
2 

9 
12 
5 
2 
,186, 

14 
14 
5 
2 
7 

27 
31 
8 

7 
2 

5 
2 
58 
5, 
3 

3, 
26 
24 
2 
2 


23,286 

6,114 

487 

2,490 

12,566 

6,664 
3,318 
3,502 
2,939 
1,749 

6,721 
9,098 
6,488 
2,832 
1,608,676 

6,100 
16,310 
4,452 
2,607 
4,021 

16,354 
20,754 
5,904 
7,917 
2,103 

4,363 


29,665 
4,167 
3,774 

1,446 
22,433 
19,260 
2,187 
2,311 

4,086 
13,268 

6,005 
18,607 

3,366 

3,122 
2,504 
2,202 
2,602 
6,395 

3,268 
1,559 
1,970 
2,806 
1,937 

3,823 
15,078 

3,617 

787 

29,363 

13,695 
8,382 
3,969 

10,446 
2,215 

1,300 
8,962 
5,918 
2,669 
6,375 

1,979 
2,510 
2.669 
2,077 
9,622 

4,532 
2,592 
3,736 
4,069 
17,248 


1890 


20,484 

3,329 

474 

2,314 

10,324 

6,604 
2,382 
3,293 

2,786 


4,763 
5,839 
4, 1.35 
2,708 
1,099,860 


10,204 
2,698 
1,672 
3,498 

11,491 
16,841 
2,579 
6,161 
960 

4,062 


16,169 
3,661 
3,260 


17,823 


2,324 
1,606 


10,189 
6,635 

15,284 
3,182 


1,868 
1,723 
1,967 


2,525 


1,857 
2,163 


1,911 
12,935 
3,207 


23,264 

9,025 
4,569 
2,314 
9,855 
1,203 

865 
6,725 
5,811 
2,449 
4,052 


1,338 
2,210 
1,900 
6,833 


3,642 
3,573 
12,000 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


nunois— Con. 


Monmouth  city 

Morgan  Park  village. 

Morris  city 

Mound  City 

Mount  Carmel  city. . 

Mount  Olive  village. 
Mount  Vernon  city . . 
Murphysboro  city. . . 

Napervnlle  city 

Normal  town 


North  Chicago  city. 
Oak  Park  village. . . 

Olney  city 

Ottawa  city 

Panacity 


Paris  city... 
Paxton  city . 
Pekincity. . 
Peoria  city.. 
Peru  city 


Petersburg  city.. . 
Pinckneyville  city. 

Pontiacdty 

Portland  city 

Princeton  city 


Quincy  city 

Robinson  city 

Roohelle  city 

Rock  Falls  city.. 
Rock  Island  city. 


Rockford  city.. 
St.  Charles  city. 

Salem  city 

Sandwich  city. . 
Savanna  city... 


Shelby  ville  city... 

Sparta  city 

Spring  Valley  city. 
Springfield  city... 
Staunton  city 


Steriingclty 

Streator  city 

Sullivan  city... 
Sycamore  city.. 
Taylorvilleclty. 


Upper  Alton  city. 

Urbana  city 

Vandaliacity 

Venice  city 

Virden  city 


Waukegan  city 

West  H  ammond  village 

Westville  village 

Wheaton  city 

White  Hall  city 


Wilmette  village.. 
Winnetka  village. 
Woodstock  city . . . 
ZionCity 


Indiana 


Alexandria  city. 
Anderson  city.., 

Angola  city 

Attica  city 

Auburn  city 


Aurora  city 

Bedford  city 

Bicknell  town 

Bloomington  city. 
Blufl  ton  city 


Boonvillecity... 

Brazil  city 

Ciarks ville  town. 

Clinton  city 

Columbia  City . . 


1910 


9,128 
3,694 
4,563 
2,837 
6,934 

3,601 
8,007 
7,485 
3,449 
4,024 

3,306 
19,444 
5,011 
9,536 
6,055 

7,664 
2,912 
9,897 
66,950 
7,984 

2,687 
2,722 
6,090 
3,194 
4,131 

36,687 
3,863 
2,732 
2,657 

24,336 

46,401 
4,046 
2,669 
2,657 
3,691 

3,590 
3,081 
7,035 
61,678 
5,048 

7,467 
14,253 
2,621 
3,926 
6,446 

2,918 
8,246 
2,974 
3,718 
4,000 

16,069 
4,948 
2,607 
3,423 
2,854 

4,943 
3,168 
4,331 
4,789 


5,096 
22,4"'6 
2,610 
3,335 
3,919 

4,410 
8,716 
2,794 
8,838 
4,987 

3,934 
9,340 
2,743 
6,229 
3,448 


7,460 
2,329 
4,273 
2,705 
4,311 

2,935 
5,216 
6,463 
2,629 
3,795 

1,150 


4,260 
10,688 
5,6.30 

6,105 
3,036 
8,420 
56,100 
6,863 

2,807 
2,357 
4,266 


4,023 

36,262 
1,683 
2,073 
2,176 

19,493 

31,051 
2,675 
1,642 
2,520 
3,326 

3,646 
2,041 
6,214 
34,160 
2,786 

6,300 
14,079 
2,399 
3,653 
4,248 

2,373 
5,728 
2,666 
2,450 
2,280 

9,426 
2,935 
1,605 
2,346 
2,030 

2,300 
1,833 
2,502 


7,221 
20,178 
2,141 
3,006 
3,396 

3,646 
6,116 


6,460 
4,479 

2,849 
7,786 
2,370 
2,918 
2,975 


1890 


5,936 
1,027 
3,653 


3,376 

1,986 
3,233 
3,880 
2,210 
3,459 


3,831 
9,985 
6,077 

4,996 
2,187 
6,347 
41,024 
6,550 

2,342 
1,298 
2,784 


3,396 

31,494 
1,387 
1,780 
1,900 

13,634 

23,584 
1,690 
1,493 
2,616 
3,097 

3,162 
1,979 
3,837 
24,963 
2,209 

6,824 
11,414 
1,468 
2,987 
2,829 

1,803 
3,511 
2,144 
932 
1,610 

4,916 


1,622 
1,961 

1,458 
1,079 
1,683 


715 
10,741 
1,840 
2,320 
2,415 

3,929 
3,351 


4,018 
3,589 

1,881 
5,905 
1,692 
1,365 
3,027 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Indiana— Con. 


Columbus  city 

ConnersvUle  city. . . . 
Crawfordsviile  city . 
Crown  Point  town.. 
Decatur  city 


Dunkirk  city 

East  Chicago  city. 

Elkhart  city 

Elwoodcity 

Evans  ville  city... 


Fairmount  town., 
Fort  Wayne  city. 

Frankfort  city 

Franklin  city 

Garrett  city 


Gary  city 

Gas  City 

Goshen  city 

Qreencastlecity. 
Greenfield  city... 


Greensburgcity.. 
Hammond  city... 

Hartford  City 

Huntington  city. . 
Indianapolis  city. 


Jason villo  town.. . 
Jefferson  ville  city. 
Kendallvillecity., 

Kokomocity 

Lafayette  city 


Laporte  City 

Lawreiiceburg  city . 

I^banoncity 

Linton  city 

Ix>gansport  city 


Madison  city 

Marion  city 

Martinsville  city. 
Michigan  City... 
Mishawakacity.. 


Mitchell  city 

Montpelierclty 

Mount  Vernon  city. 

Munciecity 

New  Albany  city. . . 


New  Castle  city: . . . 

Noblesville  city 

North  Vernon  city. 

Peru  city 

Plymouth  city 


Portland  city. . . 
Princeton  city.. 
Richmond  city. 
Rochester  city. . 
Roc  kport  city.. 


Rush  ville  city... 

Seymour  city 

Shelby  ville  city.. 
South  Bend  ciiy. 
Sullivan  city 


Tell  City 

Terre  Haute  city. 

Tipton  city 

Union  City  > 

Valparaiso  city... 


Vincennes  city. . . 

Wabash  city 

Warsaw  city 

Washington  city. 


West  Lafayette  town . . 
West  Terre  Haute  town 

Whiting  city 

Winchester  city 


Iowa 


Albiacity 

Algonacity 

Ames  city 

Anamosa  city. 
Atlantic  city.. 


1910 


8,813 
7,738 
9,371 
2,526 
4,471 

3,031 
19,098 
19,282 
11,028 
69,647 

2,506 
63,933 
8,634 
4,502 
4,140 

16,802 
3,224 
8,514 
3,790 
4,448 

6,420 
20,926 

6,187 

10,272 

233,660 

3,295 
10,412 

4,981 
17,010 
20,081 

10,625 
3,930 
6,474 
6,906 

10,050 

6,034 
19,359 

4,629 
19,827 
11,886 

3,438 
2,786 
5,563 
24,005 
20,629 

9,446 
5,073 
2,916 
10,910 
3,838 

6,130 
6,448 
22,324 
3,364 
2,736 

4,926 
6,305 
9,600 
63,684 
4,115 

3,369 
68,157 
4,075 
3,209 
6,987 

14,896 
8,687 
4,430 
7,854 

3,867 
3,083 
6,587 
4,2C6 


4,969 
2,908 
4,223 
2,983 
4,560 


1900 


8,130 
6,836 
6,649 
2,336 
4,142 

3,187 
3,411 
15,184 
12,950 
69,007 

3,205 
45,116 
7,100 
4,005 
3,910 


3,622 
7,810 
3,661 
4,489 

5,034 
12,376 
6,912 
9,491 
169, 164 


10,774 
3,354 
K),609 
18,116 

7,113 
4,326 
4,4<>5 
3,071 
16,204 

7,835 
17,337 

4,038 
14,850 

6,560 

1,772 
3,405 
6,132 
20,942 
20,628 

3,406 
4,792 
2,823 
8,463 
3,666 

4,798 
6,041 
18,226 
3,421 
2,882 

4,541 
6,445 
7,169 
35,999 
3,118 

2,680 
36,673 
3,764 
2,716 
6,280 

10,249 
8,618 
3,987 
8,551 

2,302 

651 

3,983 

3,706 


2,889 
2,911 
2,422 

2,891 
5,046 


1  Joint  population  of  Union  City,  Randolph  County,  Ind.,  and  Union  City  village,  Darke  County,  Ohio:  1910,  4,804;  1900,  3,998;  1890,  3,974. 


68 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  inoludes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  In  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
towDships,  precincts,  districts, etc., of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  morein  1910.] 


Table  28— Con. 

CITT,  TOWN,  ATILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Iowa— Con. 

Belle  Plaine  city 

Boone  city 

Burlington  city 

Carroll  city 

Cedar  Falls  city 

Cedar  Rapids  city. . 

Centerville  city 

Chariton  city 

Charles  City 

Cherokee  city 

Clarindacity 

Clinton  city 

Colfax  city 

Council  Bluffs  city. . 
Orescocity 

Ores  ton  city 

Davenport  city 

Decorahcity 

Denison  city 

Des  Moines  city 

Dubuque  city 

Eagle  Grove  city 

Estherville  city 

Fairfield  city 

Fort  Dodge  city 

Fort  Madison  city . . 

Glenwood  city 

Grinnellcity 

Hampton  city 

Harlan  city 

Independence  city. . 

Indianola  city 

Iowa  City 

Iowa  Falls  city 

Keokuk  city 

Knoxville  city 

Le  Mars  city 

Mancliestcr  city 

Maq^uoketa  city 

Marion  city 

Marshalltowncity . . 

Mason  City 

Missouri  Valley  city . 
Mount  Pleasant  city 
Muscatine  city 

Mystic  town 

Newton  city 

Oel  wein  city 

Oskaloosa  city 

Ottumwacity 

Pella  city 

Perry  city 

Red  Oak  city 

Sheldon  city 

Shenandoah  city 

Sioux  City 

Spencer  city 

Valley  Junction  city 

Vinton  city 

Washington  city 

Waterloo  city 

Waverlycity 

Webster  City 

Winterset  city 

Kansas 

Abilene  city 

Anthony  city 

Arkansas  City 

Atchison  city 

Beloitcity 

Caney  citjr 

Chanute  city 

Cherryvale  city 

Clay  Center  city 

Coney  ville  city 

Columbus  city 

Concordia  city 

Council  Grove  city.. 

Dodge  city 

Eldorado  city 

Emporia  citjr 

Fort  Scott  city 

Fredonia  city 

Frontenac  city 

Galena  city 


1910 


3,121 
10,347 
24,324 
3,546 
5,012 

32,811 
6,936 
3,794 
5,892 
4,884 

3,832 

25,577 
2,524 

29,292 
2,658 

6,924 
43,028 
3,592 
3,133 
86,368 

38, 494 
3,387 
3,404 
4,970 

15,543 

8,900 
4,052 
5,036 
2,617 
2,570 

3,517 
3,283 

10,091 
2,797 

14,008 

3.190 
4,157 
2,758 
3,570 
4,400 

13,374 
11,230 

3,187 
3,874 
16, 178 

2,663 
4,616 
6,028 
9,466 
22.012 

3.021 
4,630 
4,830 
2,941 
4.976 

47,828 
3.005 
2,573 
3,336 
4,380 

26,693 
3,205 
5,208 
2,818 


4,118 
2,069 
7,508 
16,429 
3,082 

3,597 
9,272 
4,304 
3,4,38 
12,687 

3,064 
4,415 
2,545 
3,214 
3,129 

9,058 
10,463 
3,040 
3,396 
6,096 


1900 


3,283 
880 
201 
882 
319 


3,507 
1,179 
6,140 
15,722 
2,359 

887 
4,208 
3,472 
3,069 
4,953 

2,310 
3,401 
2,205 
1,942 
3,466 

8,223 
10,322 
1,650 
1,805 
10,155 


1890 


2,623 
6,520 
22,565 
2,448 
3,459 

18,020 
3,668 
3,122 
2,802 
3,441 

3,262 

13,619 

957 

21.474 

2,018 

7,200 

26,872 

2,801 

1,782 

50,093 

30,311 
1,881 
1,475 
3,391 
4,871 

7,901 
1,890 
3;  332 
2,067 
1,765 

3,163 
2,254 
7,016 
1,796 
14, 101 

2,632 
4,036 
2,344 
3,077 
3,094 

8,914 
4,007 
2,797 
3,997 
11,454 

875 
2,504 

830 
6,558 
14,001 

2,408 
2,880 
3,321 
1,478 
2,440 

37,806 
1,813 


2,865 
3,235 

6,674 
2,346 
2,829 
2,281 


3,547 
1,806 
8,347 
13,963 
2,455 

542 
2,826 
2,104 
2,802 
2,282 

2,160 
3,184 
2,211 
1,763 
3,339 

7,551 
11,946 
1,515 
600 
2,496 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOEOXJQH. 


Kansas— Con. 

Garden  city 

Great  Bend  city 

Herington  city 

Hiawatha  city 

Holtoncity 

Hortoncity 

Humboldt  city 

Hutchinson  city 

Independence  city. . . 
lola  city 

Junction  city 

Kansas  City 

Kingman  city 

Lamed  city 

Lawrence  city 

Leavenworth  city . . . 

McPherson  city 

Manhattan  city 

Neodesha  city 

Newton  city 

Olathecity 

Osawatomie  city 

Ottawa  city 

Paolacity 

Parsons  city 

Pittsburg  city 

Pratt  city 

Rosedale  city 

Salinacity 

Topekacity 

Wellington  city 

Wichita  city .*. . . 

Winfleldcity 

Kentucky 

Ashland  city 

Bellevuecity 

Bowling  Green  city.. 

Catlettsburg  city 

Central  City  town . . . 

Corbin  town 

Covington  city 

Cynthiana  city 

Danville  city 

Dayton  city 

Earlington  city 

Frankfort  city 

Franklin  city 

Fulton  town 

Georgetown  town 

Harrodsburg  city 

Henderson  city 

Hickman  town 

Hopkinsville  city 

Lelianoncity 

Lexington  city 

Louisville  city 

Ludlow  town 

Madisonville  city 

Mayfleldcity 

Maysvillecity 

Middlesboro  city 

Morganfleld  city 

Mount  Sterling  city.. 
Newport  city 

Nicholasville  city 

Owensboro  city 

Paducah  city 

Paris  city 

Princeton  town 

Richmond  city 

Russellville  city 

Shelby  ville  city 

Somerset  city 

Winchester  city 

Louisiana 

Abbeville  town 

Alexandria  city 

Baton  Rouge  city 

Covington  town 

Crowley  city 

Donaldsonville  town 

Franklin  town 

Hammond  town 

Houma  town 

Jennings  town 


1910 


3,171 
4,622 
3,273 
2,974 
2,842 

3,600 
2,548 
16,364 
10,480 
9,032 

5,598 
82,331 
2,570 
2,911 
12,374 

19,363 
3,546 
5,722 
2,872 
7,862 

3,272 
4,046 
7,650 
3,207 
12,463 

14,755 
3,302 
5,960 


43,684 
7,034 

52,450 
6,700 


6,683 
9,173 
3,520 
2,545 

2,589 
53,270 
3,603 
5,420 
6,979 

3,931 
10,465 
3,063 
2,575 
4,533 

3,147 
11,452 
2,736 
9,419 
3,077 

35,099 
223,928 
4,163 
4,966 
5,916 
6,141 
7,305 
2,725 
3,932 

30,309 

2,935 
16,011 
22,760 
6,859 
3,015 

5,340 
3,111 
3,412 
4,491 
7,156 


2,907 
11,213 
14,897 
2,601 
5,099 
4,090 
3,857 
2.942 
6,024 
3,925 


1900 


1,590 
2,470 
1,607 
2,829 
3,082 

3,398 
1,402 
9,379 
4,851 
5,791 

4,695 

51,418 

1,785 

1,583 

10,862 

20,735 
2,996 
3,438 
1,772 
6,208 

3,451 
4,191 
6,934 
3,144 
7,682 

10, 112 
1,213 
3,270 
6,074 

33,608 
4,245 

24,671 
5,554 


6,800 
6,332 
8,226 
3,081 
1,348 

1,644 
42,938 
3,257 

4,285 
6,104 

3,012 
9,487 
2,166 
2,860 
3,823 

2,876 
10,272 
1,589 
7,280 
3,043 

26,369 

204,731 

3,334 

3,628 

4,081 

6.423 
4,162 
2,046 
3,561 
28,301 
2,393 
13, 189 
19,446 
4,603 
2,556 

4,653 
2,591 
3,016 
3,384 
5,964 


1,536 
5.648 
11.269 
l,2a5 
4,214 

4,105 
2,692 
1,511 
3,212 
1,539 


1890 


1,490 
2,450 
1,353 
2,486 
2,727 

3,316 
1,361 
8,682 
3,127 
1,706 

4,502 
38,316 
2,390 
1,861 
9,997 

19,768 
3,172 
3,004 
1,528 
5,605 

3,294 
2,662 
6,248 
2,943 
6,736 

6,697 
1,418 
2,276 
6,149 

31,007 
4,391 

23,853 
5,184 


4,195 
3,163 
7,803 
1,374 
1,144 


37,371 
3,016 
3,766 
4,204 

1,748 
7,892 
2,324 
1,818 


3,230 
8,835 
1,652 
6,833 
2,816 

21,567 
161, 129 
2,469 
2.212 
2,909 

5,358 
3,271 
1,094 
3,629 
24,918 

2.157 
9,837 
12.797 
4.218 
1,857 
5.073 
2,253 
2,679 
2,625 
4,519 


637 
2,861 
10, 478 

976 

420 
3,121 
2,127 

692 
1,280 

412 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Louisiana— Con . 

Kentwood  town 

Lafayette  town 

Lake  Charles  city 

Minden  town 

Monroe  city 

Morgan  City 

Natchitoches  town 

New  Iberia  city 

New  Orleans  city 

Opelousas  town 

Patterson  town 

Plaquemine  town 

Ruston  town 

Shreveport  city 

Thibodaux  town 

Winnfleld  town 

Maine 

Auburn  city 

Augusta  city 

Bangor  city 

Bath  city 

Bellast  city 

Biddeford  city 

Brewer  city 

Bridgton  town 

Brunswick  town 

Brunswick  village.. 
Calais  city 

Camden  town 

CaritKJU  town 

Chelsea  town 

Dexter  town 

East  Livermore  town. 

Eastport  city 

Eden  town 

Ellsworth  city 

Fairfield  town 

Fairfield  village 

Farmington  town 

Fort  Fairfield  town... 

Fort  Kent  town 

Gardiner  city 

Gorbam  town 

Hallowell  city 

Houlton  town 

Jay  town 

Kennebunk  town 

Kittery  town 

Lewiston  city 

Lisbon  town 

Lubectown 

Madison  town 

Millinocket  town 

Milo  town 

Norway  town 

Old  Town  city 

Orono  to\\Ti 

Paris  town 

Pittsfield  town 

Portland  city 

Presque  Isle  town 

Presque  Isle  village 

Rockland  city 

Rumford  town 

Rumford  Falls  village 
Saco  city 

Sanford  town 

Skowhegan  town 

South  Berwick  town 
South  Portland  city. 
Van  Buren  town 

Waldoboro  town 

Waterville  city 

Westbrook  city 

Winslow  town 

York  town 

Maryland 

Annapolis  city 

Baltimore  city 

Brunswick  town 

Cambridge  town 

Chestertown  town. . . 


1910 


3,609 
6,392 
11,449 
3,002 

10,209 
5,477 
2,632 
7,499 

339,075 
4,623 
2,998 
4,955 

3,377 
28,015 
3,824 
2,925 


15,064 
13,211 
24,803 
9,396 
4,618 

17,079 
5,667 
2,660 
6,621 

6,116 

3,015 
5,377 
3,216 
3,530 
2,641 

4,961 
4,441 
3,649 
4,435 
2,80t 
3,210 

4,381 
3,710 
5,311 
2,822 
2,864 

6,846 
2,987 
3,099 
3,533 
26,247 

4,116 
3,363 
3,379 
3,368 
2,656 

3,002 
6,317 
3,555 
3,436 
2,891 

68,571 
5,179 
S,9SS 
8,174 
6,777 

6,583 

9,049 
5,341 
2,935 
7,471 
3,065 

2,656 
11,458 
8,281 
2,709 
2,802 


8,609 
558,486 
3,721 
6,407 
2,736 


1900 


1,313 
3,314 
6,680 
1,561 

5,428 
2,332 
2,388 
6,815 

287,104 
«,951 


3,690 

1,324 
16,013 
3,253 


12,951 
11,683 
21,850 
10,477 
4,615 

16,145 
4,835 
2,868 
6,806 
B,mO 
7,655 

2,826 
4,758 
3,092 
2,941 
2,129 

5,311 
4,379 
4,297 
3.878 
S,$S8 
3,288 

4,181 
2,528 
5,501 
2,540 
2,714 

4,686 
2,758 
3,228 
2,872 
23,761 

3,603 
3,005 
2,764 


1,150 

2,902 
5,763 
3,257 
3,225 
2,891 

60,145 
3,804 
1,S66 
8,150 
3,770 
S,596 
6,122 

6,078 
6,180 
3,188 
6,287 
1,878 

3,145 
9,477 
7,283 
2,277 
2,668 


8,525 
508,957 
2,471 
6,747 
3,008 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


69 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN   1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  Kew  England  which  had  a  papulation  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28-Con. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAOE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


Maryland — Cx)n. 

Crisfield  town 

Cumberland  city 

Easton  town 

Frederick  city 

Frostburg  town 

Hagerstown  city 

Havre  de  Grace  city . . . 

Salisbury  town 

Western  port  town 

Westminster  city 

Massachnsetts 

Abington  town 

Adams  town 

A  gawam  town 

Amesbury  town 

Amherst  town 

Andover  town 

Arlington  town 

Athol  town 

Attleborough  town 

Ayertown 

Barnstable  town 

Barretown 

Belmont  town 

Beverly  city 

Billerica  town 

Blackstone  town 

Boston  city 

Braintree  town 

Brldgewater  town 

Brockton  city 

Brookline  town 

Cambridge  city 

Canton  town 

Chelmsford  town 

Chelsea  city 

Chicopeecity 

Clinton  town 

Cohasset  town 

Concord  town 

Dalton  town 

Danvers  town 

Dart  mouth  town 

Dedham  town 

Dracut  town 

Dudley  town 

East  Bridgewater  town 

Easthanspton  town 

Easton  town 

Everett  city 

Fairhaven  town 

Fall  River  city 

Falmouth  town 

Fitchburg  city 

Foxborough  town 

Framingham  town 

Franklin  town 

Gardner  town 

Gloucester  city 

Grafton  town 

Great  Barrington  town 

Greenfield  town 

Hardwick  town 

Haverhill  city 

Hingham  town 

Holbrook  town 

Holliston  town 

Holyoke  city 

Hudson  town 

Hyde  Park  town 

Ipswich  town 

Lawrence  city 

I./eetown 

Leicester  town 

Lenox  town 

Leominster  town 

Lexington  town 

LowelTcity 

Ludlow  town 

Lynn  city 

Maiden  city 


1910 


3,468 
21,839 

3,083 
10, 411 

6,028 

16,507 
4,212 
6,690 
2,702 
3,295 


5,455 
13,026 
3,501 
9,894 
5,112 

7,301 
11,187 

8,536 
16, 216 

2,797 

4,676 
2,957 
5,542 
18,650 
2,789 

5,648 

670,585 

8,066 

7,688 

56,878 

27,792 

104,839 

4,797 

5,010 

32, 452 

25,401 
13,075 
2,585 
6,421 
3,568 

9,407 
4,378 
9,284 
3,461 
4,267 

3,363 
8,524 
5,139 
33,484 

5,^22 

:>19,295 
3,?  44 

37,826 
3,863 

12,948 

5,641 
14,699 
24,398 
5,705 
5,926 

10, 427 
3,524 

44,115 
4,965 
2,816 

2,711 
57,730 

6,743 
15,507 

5,777 

86,892 
4,106 
3,237 
3,060 

17,580 

4,918 
106,294 

4,948 
89,336 
44, 404 


1900 


3,166 
17,128 
3,074 
9,296 
5,274 

13,591 
3,423 
4,277 
1,998 
3,199 


4,489 
11,134 
2,636 
9,473 
5,028 

6,813 
8,603 
7,061 
11,335 
2,446 

4,364 
2,059 
3,929 
13,884 
2,775 

5,721 
560,892 
5,981 
6,806 
40,063 

19,935 

91,886 

4,584 

3,984 

34,072 

19,167 
13,667 
2,759 
5,652 
3,014 

8,642 
3,669 
7,457 
3,253 
:,553 

3,025 
5,603 
4,837 
24,336 
3,667 

104,863 
3,500 

31,531 
3,266 

11,302 

6,017 
10,813 
26,121 
4,869 
5,854 

7,927 
3,203 
37,175 
5,059 
2,229 

2,598 
46,712 

6,454 
13,244 

4,658 

62,559 
3,596 
3,416 
2,942 

12,392 

3,831 
94,969 

3,636 
68,513 
33,664 


1890 


1,565 
12,729 
2,939 
8,193 
3,804 

10,118 
3,244 
2,905 
1,526 
2,903 


4,260 
9,213 
2,352 
9,798 
4,512 

6,142 
6,629 
6,319 
7,677 
2,148 

4,023 
2,239 
2,098 
10,821 
2,380 

6,138 

448,477 

4,848 

4,249 

27,294 

12,103 
70,028 
4,538 
2,696 
27,909 

14,060 

10,424 

2,448 

4,427 

2,885 

7,464 
3,122 
7,123 
1,996 

2,'J44 

2,911 
4,305 
4,493 
11,068 
2,919 

74,398 
2,567 

22,037 
2,933 
9,239 

4,831 
8,424 
24,651 
6,002 
4,612 

5,252 
2,922 
27,412 
4,564 
2,474 

2,619 
35,637 

4,670 
10, 193 

4,439 

44,654 
3,785 
3,120 
2,889 
7,269 

3,197 
77,696 

1,939 
55,  727 
23,031 


aXY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOKOUGH. 


Massachusetts— Con. 

Manchester  town 

Mansfield  town 

Marblehead  town 

Marlborough  city 

Maynard  town 

Medfield  town 

Medford  city 

Medway  town 

Melrose  city 

Methuen  town 

Middleborough  town . , 

Milford  town 

Millburj'  town 

Milton  town 

MonsoB  town 

Montague  town 

Nantucket  town 

Natick  town 

Needham  town 

New  Bedford  city 

Newburyport  city 

Newton  city 

North  Adams  city 

.  North  Andover  town . 

North  Attleborough 

town 

North  Brookfleld  town 

Northampton  city 

Northbridge  town 

Norton  town 

Norwood  town 

Orange  town 

Oxford  town 

Palmer  town 

Peabody  town 

Pepperell  town 

Plttsfield  city 

Plymouth  town 

Provincetown  town. . . 

Qulncyclty 

Randolph  town 

Reading  town 

Revere  town 

Rockland  town 

Rockport  town 

Salem  city 

Saugustown 

Somerset  town 

Somerville  city 

Southbridge  town 

South  Iladley  town... 

Spencer  town 

Springfield  city 

Stoneham  town 

Stoughton  town 

Sutton  town 

Swampscott  town 

Taunton  city 

Templeton  town 

Tewk.sbury  town 

Uxbridge  town 

Wakefield  town 

Walpole  town 

Walthamcity 

Ware  town 

Wareham  to\  'n , 

Warren  town 

Watertown  town 

WelKter  town 

Weliesley  town 

West  Springfield  town. 

Westborough  town 

Westfield  town 

West  ford  town 

Westport  town 

Weymouth  town 

Whitman  town 

Williamstown  town . . . 
Winchendon  town 

Winchester  town 

Winthrop  town 

Woburn  city 

Worcester  city 


1910 


2,673 
5,183 
7,338 
14,579 
6,390 

3,466 
23,150 

2,696 
16,715 
11,448 

8,214 
13,055 
4,740 
7,924 
4,768 

6,866 
2,962 
9,866 
5,026 
96,652 

14,9<9 
39,806 
22,019 
6,529 

9,662 

3,076 
19,431 
8,807 
2,544 
8,014 

6,282 
3,361 
8,610 
16,721 
2,953 

32, 121 
12,141 

4,369 
32,642 

4,301 

6,818 
18,219 
6,928 
4,211 
43,697 

8,047 
2,798 
77,236 
12,692 
4,894 

6,740 
88,926 
7,090 
6,316 
3,078 

6,204 
34,259 
3,756 
3,750 
4,671 

11,404 
4,892 

27,834 
8,774 
4,102 

4,188 
12,875 
11,509 
6,413 
9,224 

6,446 
16,044 
2,851 
2,928 

12,895 
7,292 
3,708 
5,678 

9,309 

10, 132 

15,308 

145,986 


1900 


2,622 
4,006 
7,682 
13,609 
3,142 

2,926 
18,244 

2,761 
12,962 

7,612 

6,885 
11,376 
4,460 
6,578 
3,402 

6,150 
3,006 
9,488 
4,016 
62,442 

14,478 

33,587 

24,200 

4,243 

7,253 

4,587 
18,643 
7,036 
1,826 
5,480 

6,620 
2,677 
7,801 
11,523 
3,701 

21,766 
9,592 
4,247 

23,899 
3,993 

4,969 
10,395 
5,327 
4,592 
35,966 

5,084 

2,241 

61,643 

10,026 

4,526 

7,627 
62,059 
6,197 
5,442 
3,328 

4,548 
31,036 
3,489 
3,683 
3,599 

9,290 
3,672 
23,481 
8,263 
3,432 

4,417 
9,706 
8,804 
5,072 
7,105 

5,400 
12,310 
2,624 
2,890 

11,324 
6,155 
5,013 
5,001 

7,248 

6,058 

14,254 

118,421 


1890 


1,789 
3,432 
8,202 
13,805 
2,700 

1,493 
11,079 
2,985 
8,619 
4,814 

6,065 
8,780 
4,428 
4,278 
3,650 

6,296 
3,268 
9,118 
3,035 
40,733 

13,947 
24,379 
16,074 
3,742 

6,727 

3,871 
14,990 
4,603 
1,785 
3,733 

4,668 
2,616 
6,520 
10, 158 
3,127 

17,281 
7,314 
4,642 

16,723 
3,946 

4,088 
5,668 
5,213 
4,087 
30,801 

3,673 
2,106 
40,162 
7,655 
4,261 

8,747 
44,179 
6, 155 
4,852 
3,180 

3,198 
25,448 
2,999 
2,515 
3,408 

6,982 
2,604 
18, 707 
7,329 
3,451 
4,681 
7,073 
7,031 
3,600 
6,077 

5,196 
9,805 
2,250 
2,599 

10,866 
4,441 
4,221 
4,390 

4,861 
2,726 
13, 499 
84,655 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OK  BOROUGH. 


Michigan 


Adrian  city. 
Albion  city.. 
Allegan  city. 
Alma  city... 
Alpena  city. 


Ann  Arbor  city 

Battle  Creek  city... 

Bay  City 

Beldingcity 

Benton  Harbor  city. 

Bessemer  city 

Big  Rapids  city 

Boynocity 

Cadillac  city 

Charlotte  city 


Cheboygan  city.. 
Cold  water  city... 
Crystal  Falls  city. 

Detroit  city 

Dowagiaccity 


East  Jordan  village. 

Escanaba  city 

Flint  city 

Gladstone  city 

Grand  Haven  city. . 


Grand  Ledge  city. . . 
Grand  Rapids  city.. 

Greenville  city 

Hamtramck  village. 
Hancock  city 


Hastings  city 

Highland  Park  village 

Hillsdale  city 

Holland  city 

Houghton  village 


Ionia  city 

Iron  Mountain  city . . . 

Ironwood  city 

Ishpeming  city 

Jackson  city 


Kalamazoo  city . 

Lansing  city 

Lapeer  city 

Laurium  village. 
Ludingtoncity.. 


Manistee  city. .. 
Manistique  city . 

Marine  City 

Maraucttecity.. 
Marsnallcity... 


Menominee  city 

Midland  city 

Monroe  city 

Mount  Clemens  city. 
Mount  Pleasant  city. 


Munising  village. 
Muskegon  city... 
Negauneecity... 

Kilcscity 

Norway  city 


Onaway  city.. 
Otsego  village. 
Owossocity... 
Petoskey  city. 
Pontiaccity... 


Port  Huron  city 

Red  Jacket  village. . . 
River  Rouge  village. 

Saginaw  city 

St.  Clair  city 


St.  Johns  city 

St.  Joseph  city 

Sault  Ste.  Marie  city. 
South  Haven  city . . . 
Sturgiscity 


Three  Rivers  city. 

Traverse  City 

Wyandotte  city . . , 
Ypsilanti  city 


1910 


10,763 
5,833 
3,419 
2,757 

12,706 

14,817 

25,267 

45,166 

4,119 

9,185 

4,583 
4,519 
6,218 
8,376 
4,886 

6,869 
5,945 
3,775 
465, 766 
6,088 

2,516 
13, 194 
38,650 
4,211 
6,856 

2,893 
112,571 
4,045 
3,559 
8.981 

4,383 
4,120 
5,001 
10,490 
5,113 

5,030 

9,216 

12,821 

12,448 

31,433 

39,437 

31,229 

3,946 

8,537 

9,132 

12,  .381 
4,  722 

;-,770 

11,603 
4,236 

10,507 
2,527 
6,893 
7,707 
3,972 

2,952 
24,062 
8,460 
5,156 
4,974 

2,702 
2,812 
9,639 
4,778 
14,532 

18,863 
4,211 
4,163 

50,510 
2,633 

3,154 
5,936 
12,615 
3,577 
3,635 

6,072 
12,115 
8,287 
6,230 


1900 


9,654 
4,519 
2,667 
2,047 
11,802 

14,509 
18,563 
27,628 
3,282 
6,562 

3,911 
4,686 
912 
5,997 
4,092 

6,489 
6,216 
3,231 
285,704 
4,151 

1,205 
9,549 
13, 103 
3,380 
4,743 

2,161 

87,566 

3,381 


4,060 

3,172 
427 
4,161 
7,790 
3,359 

5,209 
9,242 
9,705 
13,255 
25,180 

24,404 
16,485 
3,297 
5,643 
7,166 

14,260 
4,126 
3,829 

10,0.'>8 
4,370 

12,818 
2,  .363 
5,0-13 
6,676 
3,662 

2,014 
20,818 
6,936 
4,287 
4,170 

1,204 
2,073 
8,696 
6,285 
9,769 

ig,!^ 

4,068 

1,748 

42,345 

2,543 

3,388 
5,166 
10,638 
4,009 
2,465 

3,550 
9,407 
5,183 
7,378 


70 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

(This  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  Inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  dfatriots,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  Iiad  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— Cort 

OTY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOROUGH. 


Uianesota 

Albert  Lea  city 

Alexandria  city 

Anoka  city 

Austin  city 

Bemidji  city 

Brainerd  city 

Chisholm  village 

Cloquetcity 

Crookston  city 

Detroit  city 

Duluthcity 

East  Grand  Forks  city 

Ely  city 

Eveleth  city 

Fairmont  city 

Faribault  city 

Fergus  Falls  city 

Hastings  city 

Hibbing  village 

Lake  City 

Little  Falls  city 

Luveme  city 

Mankato  city 

Melrose  city 

Minneapolis  city 

Montevideo  city 

Moorhead  city 

New  Ulm  city 

Northfield  city 

Owatonna  city 

Red  Wing  city 

Richfield  village 

Rochester  city 

St.  Cloud  city 

St.  Paul  city 

St.  Peter  city 

South  St.  Paul  city... 

Staples  city 

Stillwater  city 

Tliief  River  Falls  city. 

Two  Harbors  city 

Virginia  city 

Wabasha  city 

Waseca  city 

West  Minneapolis  vil- 
lage  

West  St.  Paul  city.... 

Willmarcity 

Winona  city 

Mississippi 

Aberdeen  city 

Bay  St.  Louis  city 

Biloxicity 

Brookhaven  city 

Canton  city 

Clarksdale  city 

Collins  city 

Columbus  city 

Corinth  city 

Greenville  city 

Greenwood  city 

Grenada  city 

Gulfport  city 

Hattiesburg  city 

Jackson  city 

Laurel  city 

McComb  city 

Meridian  city 

Moss  Point  city 

Natchez  city 

Okolona  city 

Pascagoula  city 

Stark  ville  city 

Tupelo  city 

Vicksburg  city 

WatOT  Valley  city 

West  Point  city 

Winona  city 

Yazoo  city 

Missouri 

Aurora  city 

Boon  ville  city 

Brookfield  city 

Butler  city 

•Cameron  city 


1910 


6,192 
3,001 
3,972 
6,960 
5,099 

8,526 
7,684 
7,031 

7,559 
2,807 

78,466 
2,533 
3,572 
7,036 
2,958 

9,001 
6,887 
3,983 
8,832 
3,142 

6,078 
2,540 
10,365 
2,591 
301,408 

3,056 
4,840 
6,648 
3,265 
5,658 

9,048 
2,673 
7,844 
10,600 
214, 744 

4,176 
4,510 
2,558 
10, 198 
3,714 

4,990 
10,473 
2,622 
3,054 


3,022 
2,660 
4,135 
18,583 


3,708 
3,388 
8,049 
5,293 
3,929 

4,079 
2,581 
8,988 
5,020 
9,610 

5,836 
2,814 
6,386 
11,733 
21,262 

8,465 
6,237 

23,285 
3,054 

11,791 

2,584 
3,379 
2,698 
3,881 
20,814 
4,275 
4,864 
2,512 
6,796 


4,148 
4,252 
6,749 
2,894 
2,980 


1900 


4,500 
2,681 
3,769 
6,474 
2,183 

7,524 


3,072 
6,359 


52,969 
2,077 
3,717 
2,752 
3,040 

7,868 
6,072 
3,811 
2,481 
2,744 

6,774 

2,223 

10,699 

1,768 

202,718 

2,146 
3,730 
5,403 
3,210 
5,661 

7,525 


6,843 

8,6a3 

163,065 

4,302 
2,322 
1,504 
12,318 
1,819 

3,278 
2,962 
2,528 
3,103 


1,648 
1,830 
3,409 
19,714 


3,434 
2,872 
5,467 
2,678 
3,404 

1,773 


6,484 
3,661 
7,642 

3,026 
2,568 
1,060 
4,175 
7,816 

3,193 

4,477 
14,050 


12,210 

2,177 
708 
1,986 
2,118 
14,834 

3,813 
3,193 
2,455 
4,944 


6,191 
4,377 
5,484 
3,158 
2,979 


1S90 


3,305 
2,118 
4,262 
3,901 


6,703 


2,530 
3,457 


33,115 

795 
901 


1,205 

6,520 
3,772 
3,705 


2,128 

2,354 

1,466 

8,838 

780 

164,738 

1,437 
2,088 
3,741 
2,659 
3,849 

6,294 


5,321 

7,686 

133, 156 

3,671 

2,242 

585 

11,260 

191 


2,487 
2,482 


1,596 
1,825 
18,208 


3,449 
1,974 
3,234 
2,142 
2,131 
781 


4,669 
2,111 
6,658 

1,065 
2,416 


1,172 
5,920 


2,383 
10,624 


10, 101 
2,099 


1,725 

1,477 

13,373 

2,832 
2,762 
1,648 
3,286 


3,482 
4,141 
4,547 
2,812 
2,917 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOROUGH. 


Missouri— Con. 

Cape  Girardeau  city.. 

Carrollton  city 

Carterville  city 

Carthage  city 

CaruthersviUe  city 

Charleston  city 

Cliillicothe  city 

Clinton  city 

Columbia  city 

De  Soto  city 

Eldorado  Springs  city, 
Excelsior  Springs  city, 

Farmington  city 

Fayette  city 

Festuscity 

Flat  River  city 

Fredericktown  city. . . 

Fulton  city 

Hannibal  city 

Higginsville  city 

Independence  city 

Jefferson  City 

Joplin  city 

Kansas  City 

Kennett  city 

Kirksville  city 

Kirk  wood  city . , 

Lexington  city 

Liberty  city 

Louisiana  city 

Macon  city 

Maple  wood  city 

Marceline  city 

Marshall  city 

Maryville  city 

Mexico  city 

Moberly  city 

Monette  city 

Neosho  city 

Nevada  city 

Poplar  Bluflcity 

Rich  Hill  city 

Richmond  city 

St.  Charles  city 

St.  Joseph  city 

St.  Louis  city 

Sedaliacity 

Sikeston  city 

Slater  city 

Springfield  city 

Trenton  city 

Warrensburg  city 

Wash  ington  city 

Webb  City 

Webster  Groves  city. . 

Wellston  city 

West  Plains  city 

Montana 

Anaconda  city 

Billings  city 

Bofeman  city 

Butte  city 

Deer  Lodge  city 

Great  Falls  city 

Havre  town 

Helena  city 

Kalispel  city 

Lewistown  city 

Livingston  city 

Miles  City 

Missoula  city 

Red  Lodge  city 

Nebraska 

Alliance  city 

Auburn  city 

Aurora  city 

Beatrice  city 

Benson  city 

Blair  city 

Chadron  city 

Columbus  city 

Fairbury  city 

Falls  City 


1910 


8,475 
3,452 
4,539 
9,483 
3,655 

3,144 
6,265 
4,992 
9,662 
4,721 

2,503 
3,900 
2,613 
2,586 
2,556 

6,112 
2,632 
5,228 
18,341 
2,628 

9,859 

11,850 

32,073 

248,381 

3,033 

6,347 
4,171 
6,242 
2,980 
4,454 

3,584 
4,976 
3,920 
4,869 
4,762 

5,939 
10,923 
4,177 
3,661 
7,176 

6,916 
2,755 
3,664 
9,437 
77,403 

687,029 
17,822 
3,327 
3,238 

35,201 
6,656 
4,689 
3,670 

11,817 
7,080 
7,312 
2,914 


10, 134 
10,031 

5,107 
39,165 

2,570 

13,948 
3,624 

12,515 
5,549 
2,992 

5,359 
4,697 
12,869 
4,860 


3,105 
2,729 
2,630 
9,356 
3,170 

2,584 
2,687 
6,014 
5,294 
3,265 


1900 


4,815 
3,854 
4,445 
9,416 
2,315 

1,893 
6,905 
5,061 
5,651 
5,611 

2,137 
1,881 
1,778 
2,717 
1,256 


1,677 
4,883 
12,780 
2,791 

6,974 

9,664 

26,023 

163,752 

1,509 

5,966 
2,825 
4,190 
2,407 
6,131 

4,068 


2,638 
5,086 
4,577 

5,099 
8,012 
3,115 
2,725 
7,461 

4,321 
4,053 
3,478 
7,982 
102,979 

575,238 

15,231 

1,077 

2,502 

23,267 
5,396 
4,724 
3,015 

9,201 
1,895 


2,902 


9,453 
3,221 
3,419 
30,470 
1,324 

14,930 
1,033 

10,770 
2,626 
1,096 

2,778 
1,938 
4,366 
2,152 


2,535 
2,664 
1,921 
7,875 
510 

2,970 
1,665 
3,522 
3,140 
3,022 


1890 


4,297 
3,878 
2,884 
7,981 
230 

1,381 
5,717 
4,737 
4,000 
3,960 

1,543 
2,034 
1,394 
2,247 
1,335 


917 
4,314 
12,857 
2,342 

6,380 

6,742 

9,943 

132,716 

302 

3,510 
1,777 
4,537 
2,558 
5,090 

3,371 


1,977 
4,297 
4,037 

4,789 
8,215 
1,699 
2,198 
7,262 

2,187 
4,008 
2,895 
6,161 
52,324 

451,770 

14,068 

636 

2,400 

21,850 
5,039 
4,706 
2,725 

5,043 
1,783 


2,091 


3,975 
836 
2,143 
10,723 
1,463 

3,979 

13,834 


2,850 
956 

3,426 
624 


829 

1,537 

1,862 

13,836 


2,069 
1,867 
3,134 
2,630 
2,102 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOROUGH. 


Nebraska— Con. 

Fremont  city 

Grand  Island  city. . . 

Hastings  city 

Havelock  village 

Holdregecity 

Kearney  city 

Lincoln  city 

McCook  city 

Nebraska  Cfity 

Norfolk  city 

North  Platte  city. . . 

Omaha  city 

Plattsmouth  city . . . 

South  Omaha  city. . 
UniversityPlace  village 

Wymore  city 

York  city 

Nevada 

Reno  city 

Sparks  city 

New  Hampshire 

Berlin  city 

Claremont  town 

Concord  city 

Conway  town 

Derry  town 

Dover  city 

Exeter  town 

Farmington  town 

Franklin  city 

Goffstown  town 

Haverhill  town 

Keene  city 

Laconia  city 

Lancaster  town 

I^ebanon  town 

Littleton  to^vn 

Littleton  village 

Manchester  city 

MUford  town 

Nashua  city 

Newmarket  town 

Newport  town 

Pembroke  town 

Portsmouth  city 

Rochester  city 

Somers worth  city 

Walpole  town 

Now  Jersey 

Asbury  Park  city 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne  city 

Bloomfleld  town 

Boonton  town 

Borden  town  city 

Boundbrook  borough. 

Bridgeton  city 

Burlington  city 

Camden  city 

Carlstadt  borough 

Cliflfside  Park  borough 
Collingswood  borough 

Dover  town 

East  Newark  borough 

East  Orange  city 

East  Rutherford  bor- 
ough  

Edge  water  borough. . . 

Elizabeth  city 

Englewood  city 

Flemington  village 

Fort  Lee  borough 

Freehold  town 

Garfield  borough 

Glen  Ridge  borough. . . 

Gloucester  city 

Guttenberg  town 

Hackensack  town 

Haokettstown  town.. . 
Haddonfield  borough . 

Haledou  borough 

Hammonton  town 

Harrison  town 

Hawthorne  borough. . 
Hoboken  city 


1910 


8,718 
10,326 
9,338 
2,680 
3,030 

6,202 
43,973 
3,765 
5,488 

6,025 

4,793 

124,096 

4,287 

26,259 
3,200 
2,613 
6,235 


10,867 
2,500 


11,780 
7,529 

21,497 
3,413 
5,123 

13,247 
4,897 
2,621 
6,132 
2,579 

3,498 
10,068 
10,183 

3,054 

5,718 
4,069 
5,059 
70,063 
3,939 

26,005 
3,348 
3,765 
3,062 

11,269 
8,868 
6,704 
2,668 


10, 150 
46,150 
55,545 
15,070 
4,930 

4,250 
3,970 

14,209 
8,336 

94,538 

3,807 
3,394 
4,795 
7,468 
3,163 

34,371 

4,275 
2,665 
73,409 
9,924 

2,693 
4,472 
3,233 

10,213 
3,260 
9,462 
5,647 

14,050 
2,715 
4,142 

2,560 
5,088 

14,498 
3,400 

70,324 


1900 


7,241 
7,554 
7,188 
1,480 
3,007 

5,634 
40,169 
2,445 
7,380 

3,883 

3,640 

102,655 

4,964 

26,001 
1,130 
2,626 
5,132 


4,600 


19,632 
3, 154 
3,583 

13,207 
4,922 
2,265 
5,846 
2,528 

3,414 
9,165 
8,042 
3,190 

4,965 
4,066 


56,987 
3,739 

23,898 
2,892 
3,126 
3,183 

10,637 
8,466 
7,023 
2,693 


4,148 

27,838 

32,722 

9,668 

3,901 

4,110 
2,622 

13,913 
7,392 

75,935 

2,574 
968 
1,633 
5,938 
2,500 

21,506 

2,640 

1,006 

52,130 

6,253 

2,145 


2,934 
3,504 
1,960 
6,840 
3,825 
9,443 
2,474 
2,776 


3,481 
10,596 

2,096 
69,364 


POPULATION.  OF  CITIES. 


71 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

IThls  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  upturned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— Con. 

CITY,  TX>WS,  VILLAGE, 
OK  BOKOUGH. 


ITew  Jersey— Con. 


Irvington  town . . . 

Jersey  City 

Kearny  town 

Keyport  borough . 
Lam  oertville  city . 


Little  Ferry  borough. 

Lodi  borough 

Long  Branch  city  — 

Madison  borough 

Millvillecity 


Montclalr  town 

Morristown  town 

New  Brunswick  city . 

Newark  city 

Newton  town 


North  Plainfield  bor- 
ough   

Nutley  town 

Orange  city 

Passaic  citv 

Patersoncity 


Perth  Amboy  city . . 
Phillipsburgtown.. 

Plainfield  city 

Pleasantville  borough. . 
Princeton  borough . . 


Prospect  Park  borough. 

Rahway  city 

Raritan  town 

Red  Bank  Iwrough. 
Ridgewood  village. . 


Roosevelt  borough — 

Roselle  borough 

Roselle  Park  borough . 
Rutherford  borough. . 
Salem  city 


Secaucus  borough 

Somerville  Ixjrough . . . 

South  Amboy  city 

South  Orange  village. . 
South  River  borough. . 


Summit  city 

Tenafly  borough . . 

Trenton  city 

Union  town 

Vineland  borough. 


1910 


WalUngton  borough. . . 
Washington  borough. . 
West  Hoboken  town . . 
West  New  York  town . 

West  Orange  town 

Westfleld  town 

Wharton  borough 

Woodbury  city 


New  Mexico 


Albuquerque  city 

Clovis  city 

Las  Graces  town 

Las  Vegas  city  (East 

Las  Vegas  P.O.) 

Las  Vegas  town 

Raton  city 

Roswell  city 

Santa  Fe  city 

SUverCity 

Tucumcari  city 


Wew  York 


Albany  city 

Albion  village 

Amityville  village . . 

Amsterdam  city 

Auburn  city 

Babylon  village 

Baldwinsville  village. . . 
Ballston  Spa  village. 

Batavia  village 

Bath  village 

Bingham  ton  city . . . 
Brockport  village . . . 

Buffalo  city 

Canandaigua  village 
Can  as  tola  village 


11,877 
267,779 

18,659 
3,554 
4,657 

2,541 
4,138 

13,298 
4,658 

12, 451 

21,550 

12,507 

23,388 

347,469 

4,467 


6,117 
6,009 
29,630 
64,773 
125,600 

32, 121 

13,903 

20,550 

4,390 

5,136 

2,719 
9,337 
3,672 
7,398 
5,416 

5,786 
2,725 
3,138 
7,045 
6,614 

4,740 
5,060 
7,007 
6,014 
4,772 

7,600 

2,766 

96,815 

21,023 

5,282 

3,448 
3,567 
35,403 
13,560 

10,980 
6,420 
2,983 
4,642 


11,020 
3,256 
3,836 

3,765 
3,179 

4,639 
6,172 
5,072 
3,217 
2,526 


100,253 
5,016 
2,517 
31.267 
34,668 

2,600 
3,099 
4,138 
n,613 
3,884 

48,443 
3,579 
423,715 
7,217 
3,247 


1900 


5,255 
206,433 
10,896 
3,413 
4,637 

1.240 
1,917 
8,872 
3,754 
10,583 

13,962 

11,207 

20,006 

246,070 

4,376 


5,009 


24,141 
27,777 
105, 171 

17,699 
10,052 
16,369 
2,182 
3,899 


7,935 
3,244 
6,428 
2,686 


1,652 


4,411 
5,811 

1,626 
4,843 
6,349 
4,608 
2,792 

5,302 
1,746 
73,307 
15, 187 
4,370 

1,812 
3,580 
23,094 
5,267 

C,889 


2,069 
4,087 


6,238 


3,552 

2,767 
3,540 
2,049 
5,603 
2,735 


94,161 
4,477 
2,038 
20,929 
30,345 

2,157 
2,992 
3,923 
9,180 
4,994 

39, R47 

3,S38 

352,387 

6,151 

3,030 


1890 


163,003 


3,411 
4,142 

781 

998 

7,231 

2,469 

10,002 


8,166 

18,603 

181,830 

3,003 


18,844 
13,028 
78,347 

9,612 
8,644 
11,267 


3,422 


7,105 
2,666 
4,145 
1,047 


2,293 
6,616 


3,861 
4,330 
3,106 
1,796 


1,046 
57,458 
10,643 

3,822 


2,831 


3,911 


3,785 


2,312 
2,385 

1,255 

343 

6,186 

2,102 


94,923 
4,586 
2,293 
17,336 
25,858 


3,040 
3,527 
7,221 
3,261 

35,005 

3,742 

255,664 

5,868 

2,774 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAOE, 
OB  BOBOVGB. 


1910 


New  York— Con. 


Canton  village... 
Carthage  village. 
CatskiU  village.. 

Clyde  village 

Cohoes  city 


Cold  Springs  village. 

Corning  city 

Cornwall  village 

Cortland  city 

Dansville  village — 


Depew  village 

Dobbs  Ferry  village. 
Dolgcville  village . . . 

Dunkirk  city 

East  Aurora  village . 

EastSyracusevlllage... 

Ellen ville  village 

Elmlraeity 

Elmira  Heights  village 
Fairport  village 


FishkiU  Landing  vil- 
lage  

Fort  Edward  village . . 

Fort  Plain  village 

Frankfort  village 

Fredonia  village 


Freeport  village 

Fulton  city 

Geneva  city 

Glens  Falls  city 


Gloversvlllecify 20,642 


3,081 
4,128 
3,920 
4,737 
3,069 


Goshen  village 

Gouvemeur  village. . .. 

Granville  village 

Green  Island  vtllage. . . . 
Greenport  village 


Hastings-upon-Hudson 

village 

Haverstraw  village. 
Hempstead  village.. 
Herkimer  village . . . 
Homer  village 


Hoosick  Falls  village. . . 

Homellcity 

Hudson  city 

H  udson  Falls  village . . . 
Ilion  village 


Ithaca  city 

Jamestown  city 

Johnstown  city 

Kingston  city 

Lackawanna  city . . 

Lancaster  village . . 

Leroy  village 

Lestershire  village. 
Little  Falls  city.... 
Lockportcity 


Lowville  village 

Lyons  village 

Malone  village 

Mamaroneclc  village. 
Massena  village 


Matteawan  village 

Mechanicville  village . 

Medina  villape 

Mlddletown  city 

Mount  KJsco  village. . 

Mount  Morris  village . 
Mount  Vernon  city... 

New  Rochelle  city 

New  York  City  * 

Manhattan  Borough. 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough... 

Richmond  Borough.. 

Queens  Borough 

Newark  village 


Newburgh  city 

Niagara  Falls  city 

North  Tarryto^vn  vil- 
lage  

NorthTonawanda  city. 
Norwich  village 


2,701 
3,563 
5,296 
2,695 
24,709 

2,549 
13,730 

2,658 
11,504 

3,938 

3,921 
3,455 
2,685 
17,221 
2,781 

3,274 
3,114 
37, 176 
2,732 
3,112 


3,902 
3,762 
2,762 
3,303 
5,286 

4,836 
10,480 
12,446 
15,243 


1900 


4,662 
6,669 
4,964 
7,620 
2,606 

5,532 
13,617 
11,417 
6,180 
6,688 

14,802 
31,297 
10,447 
25,908 
14,649 

4,364 
3,771 
3,775 
12,273 
17,970 

2,940 
4,460 
6,467 
6,699 
2,951 

6,727 
6,634 
5,683 
15,313 
2y802 

2,782 

30,919 

28,867 

4,766,883 

i,SSl,Bii 

430,980 

1,634,851 

85,969 

S84,041 

6,227 

27,805 
30,445 

5,421 
11,955 
7,422 


2,757 
2,895 
5,484 
2,507 
23,910 

2,067 
11,061 
1,966 
9,014 
3,633 

3,879 
2,888 
1,915 
11,616 
2,366 

2,509 
2,879 
35,672 
1,763 
2,489 


3,673 
3,621 
2,444 
2,664 
4,127 

2,612 
>8,206 
10,433 
12,613 
18,349 

2,826 
3,680 
2,700 
4,770 
2,366 


2,002 
5,035 
3,582 
6,556 
2,381 

5,671 
11.018 
0,628 
4,473 
6,138 

13, 136 
22,802 
10,130 
24,635 


1890 


3,750 
3,144 
3,111 
10,381 
16,681 

2,352 
4,300 
5,935 


2,032 

5,807 
4,695 
4,716 
14,522 
1,346 

2,410 

21,228 

14,720 

3,437,202 

1,850,093 

200,507 

1,166,582 

67,021 

152,999 

4,578 

24,943 
19,457 

4,241 
9,069 
5,766 


2,580 

2,278 
4,920 
2,638 
22,509 


8,550 

7C0 

8,590 

3,758 


9,416 
1,582 

2,231 
2,881 
30,893 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAOE, 
OB  BOBOUGH. 


2,552 


3,617 


2,864 
2,291 
3,399 


> 6,036 
7,667 
0,500 

13,864 

2,907 
3,458 


4,463 


1,466 
5,070 
4,831 


7,014 
10,006 
9,970 
2,895 
4,057 

11,079 

16,038 

7,768 

21,261 


1,602 
2,743 


8,783 
16,038 

2.511 
4,475 
4,986 


1,049 

4,278 
2,679 
4,492 
11,977 
1,095 

2,286 

10,830 

9,057 

2,507,414 

1,441,216 

88,908 

838,547 

61,693 

87,050 

3,698 

23,087 


3,179 
4,793 
5,212 


New  York— Con. 


Nyack  village 

Ogdensburg  city.... . 

Oleanclty ?S. 

Oneida  city 

Oneonta  city 


Ossining  village... 

OswBKOcity 

Owego  village 

I'atchogue  village. 
PeeksMll  village.. 


Penn  Yan  village 

Perry  village 

Plattsburg  city 

Port  Chester  village. 
Port  Jer vis  city 


Potsdam  village 

Poughkeepsie  city 

Rensselaer  city 

Rochester  city 

RockviUe  Center  vll- 


Rome  city , 

Rye  village 

Sag  Harbor  village... 
St.  Johnsville  village. 
Salamanca  village. . . 


Saranac  Lake  village . 
Saratoga  Springs  vil- 
lage  

Saugerties  village 

Schenectady  city 

Scotia  village 


1910 


1900 


Seneca  Falls  village... 

Sidney  village 

Silver  Creek  village. . . 

Solvay  village 

Southampton  village. 


Suffem  village 

Syracu.se  city 

Tarrytown  village. 
Tonawanda  dty. . . 
Troy  city 


Tuckahoe  village 

Tupper  Lake  village.. 

Uticacity 

Walden  village 

Walton  village 


Wapptngers  Falls  vil- 
lage  

Warsaw  village 

Waterford  village 

Waterloo  village 

Watertown  city 


Watervllct  dty. . . 
Watkins  village.. 
Waverly  village.. 
Wells  ville  village. 


Westfleld  village 

White  Plains  village.. 

Whitehall  village 

Yonkers  city 


North  Carolina 


Ashevilleclty... 
BeUiaven  town. 
Burlington  city. 
Charlotte  dty... 
Concord  city 


Durham  city 

Edenton  town 

Elizabeth  City  town.. 

Fayetteville  town 

Gas  tenia  town 


Goldsboro  dty 

Graham  town 

Greensboro  city 

Greenville  town 

Henderson  town 

Henderson  ville  town. 

Hickory  town 

High  Point  city 

Kinston  town 

Lenoir  town 


4,619 
15,933 
14,743 
8,317 
9,491 

11,480 

23,368 

4,633 

3,824 

15,245 

4,597 
4,388 
11,138 
12,809 
9,564 

4,036 

27,936 

10,711 

218, 149 

3,667 

20,497 
3,964 
3,408 
2,536 
5,792 

4,983 

12,693 
3,920 

72,826 
2,957 

6,588 
2,507 
2,512 
5,139 
2,500 

2,663 

137,249 

6,600 

8,290 

76,813 

2,722 
3,067 
74,419 
4,004 
3,103 


3,195 
3,206 
3,245 
3,931 
26,730 

15,074 
2,817 
4,855 
4,382 

2,985 
15,949 

4,917 
79,803 


18,762 
2,863 
4,808 

34,014 
8,715 

18,241 
2,789 
8,412 
7,045 
5,759 
6,107 
2,504 

15,895 
4,101 
4,503 

2,818 
3,716 
9,525 
6,005 
3,364 


4,275 
12,633 
0,462 
6,364 
7,147 

7,039 
22,199 
5,039 
2,926 
10,358 

4,650 
2,763 
8,434 
7,440 
9,385 

3,843 

24,029 

7,466 

162,608 

1,884 

15,343 


1,969 
1,873 
4,251 

2,694 

12,409 
3,697 
31,682 


6,510 
2,331 
1,044 
3,403 
2,280 

1,610 

108,374 

4,770 

7,421 

60,651 


56,383 
3,147 
2,811 


3,504 
3,048 
3,146 
4,256 
21,606 

14,321 
2,943 
4,465 
3,556 

2,430 
7,899 
4,377 
47,931 


14,694 
383 

3,692 
18,091 

7,910 

6,679 
3,046 
6,348 
4,670 
4,610 

5,877 
2,052 
10,035 
2,565 
3,746 
1,917 
2,535 
4,163 
4,106 
1,296 


Includespopulation  of  Oswego  Falls  village:  1900,2,925;  1890,1,821. 


'  Population  of  New  York  and  its  boroughs  as  now  constituted. 


72 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  includes  all  incoriwrated  places  having  2^500  inhabitants  or  more  In  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.J 


Table  28— Con. 

CTTY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOROUGH. 


North  Carolina — Con. 

Lexington  town 

Monroe  city 

Mooresville  town 

Morgan  ton  town 

Mount  Airy  town 

Newbem  city .- 

Oxford  town 

Raleigh  city 

Reidsville  town 

Rocky  Mount  town 

Salem  town 

Salisbury  dty 

Shelby  town 

States  ville  city 

Tarboro  town 

Thomas  ville  town 

Washington  city 

Wilmington  city 

Wilson  town 

Winston  city 

North  Dakota 

Bismarck  city 

Devils  Lake  city 

Dickinson  city 

Fargo  city 

Grand  Forks  city 

Jamestown  city 

Mandancity 

Minot  city 

Valley  City 

Williston  city 

Ohio 

Akron  city 

Alliance  city 

Ashland  city 

Ashtabula  city 

Athens  city 

Barberton  eitjr 

Barnes  ville  village 

Bellairecity 

Bellefontaine  city 

Bellevue  city 

Berea  village 

Bowling  Green  city 

Bridgeport  village 

Bryan  village 

Bucyrus  city 

Byesville  village 

Cambridge  city 

Canal  Dover  city 

Canton  city 

Carthage  village 

Celina  village 

Chicago  Junction  vil- 
lage  

ChilUco the  city 

Cincinnati  city 

Circleville  city 

Cleveland  city 

Cleveland  Heights  vil- 
lage  

Clyde  village 

Columbus  dty 

Conneaut  dty 

Coshocton  city 

CrestUne  village 

Crooks  ville  village 

Cuyahoga  Falls  village. 
Dayton  city 

Defiance  city 

Delaware  city 

Delphos  city 

Dennison  vills^e 

East  Clevelanddty 

East  Li verijool  city 

East  Palestine  village.. 
East  Yoimgstown  vil- 
lage  

Eaton  village 

Elmwood  Place  village 


1910 


4,163 
4,082 
3,400 
2,712 
3,844 

9,961 
3,018 
19,218 
4,828 
8,051 

6,533 
7,163 
3,127 
4,509 
4,129 

3,877 
6,211 

25,748 
6,717 

17,167 


5,443 
5,157 
3,678 
14,331 
12,478 

4,36» 
3,873 
6,188 
4,606 
3,124 


69,067 
15,083 

6,795 
18,266 

5,463 

9,410 
4,233 
12,946 
8,238 
6,209 

2,609 
6,222 
3,974 
3,641 
8,122 

3,156 
11,327 

6,621 
60,217 

3,618 

3,493 

2,950 

14,508 

363,591 

6,744 

560,663 

2,955 

2,815 

181,511 

8,319 

9,603 
3,807 
3,028 
4,020 
116,577 

7,327 
9,076 
5,038 
4,008 
9,179 

20,387 
3,537 

4,972 
3,187 
3,423 


1900 


1,234 
2,427 
1,533 
1,938 
3,680 

9,090 
2,059 
13,643 
3,262 
2,937 

3,642 
6,277 
1,874 
3,141 
2,499 

751 
4,842 

20,976 
3,525 

10,008 


3,319 
1,729 
2,076 
9,589 
7,652 

2,853 
1,658 
1,277 
2,446 
763 


42,728 
8,974 
4,087 

12,949 
3,066 

4,354 
3,721 
9,912 
6,649 
4,101 

2,510 
5,067 
3,%3 
3,131 
6,560 

1,267 
8,241 
5,422 
30,667 
2,559 

2,815 

2,348 

1^976 

325,902 

6,991 

381,768 


2,515 

125,560 

7,133 

6,473 
3,282 
835 
3,186 
85,333 

7,579 
7,940 
4,517 
3,763 
2,757 

16,485 
2,493 


3,155 
2,632 


1880 


1,440 
1,866 
886 
1,557 
1,768 

7,843 
2,907 
12,678 
2,969 
816 

2,711 
4,418 
1,394 
2,318 
1,924 

590 

3,545 

20,056 

2,126 

8,018 


2,186 

846 

897 

5,664 

4,979 

2,2% 
1,328 

575 
1,089 

295 


27,601 
7,607 
3,566 
8,338 
2,620 


3,207 
9,934 
4,245 
3,0S2 

2,533 
3,467 
3,369 
3,068 
5,974 

789 

4,361 

3,470 

26,189 

2,257 

2,702 

1,299 

11,288 

296,908 

6,556 

261,353 


2,327 
88,150 
3,241 

3,672 
2,911 


2,614 
61,220 

7,694 
8,224 
4,516 
2,925 


10,956 
1,816 


2,934 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOBOUGH. 


Ohio — Con. 


Elyriacity 

Findlaycity 

Fostoriacity 

Franklin  ^'illage. 
Fremont  city 


Gallon  city 

Gallipoliscity 

Girard  village 

Glouster  village... 
Greenfield  village. 


Greenville  city... 
Hamilton  city... 
Hartwell  village. 
Hillsboro  village. 
Iron  ton  city 


Jackson  city  ... 

Kent  -village 

Kenton  city 

Lakewood  city . 
Lancaster  city.. 


Lebanon  village . . 
Leetonia  village. . 

Lima  city 

Lisbon  village 

Lockland  village. 


Logan  village 

Ix)ndon  village . . . 

Lorain  city 

Madison  ville  city . 
Mansfield  city 


Marietta  city .. ." 

Marion  city , 

Martins  Ferry  city. 
Marysville  xallage. . 
Massillon  city , 


Medina  village 

Miamisburg  village 

Middleport  village 

Middletown  city 

Mingo  Junction  village. 


Montpel  ier  village 

Mount  Vernon  city 

Napoleon  village 

Nelsonville  city 

New  Comerstown  vil- 


New  Lexington  village. 
New  Philadelphia  city. 

Newark  city 

Newburgh  city 

Nilescity 


North  Baltimore  vil- 


Norwalkcity... 
Norwood  city... 
Oberlin  village., 
Orrville  village. 


Painesville  city 

Piquacity 

Pomeroy  vill^e 

Port  Clinton  village. 
Portsmouth  city 


Ravenna  city 

Reading  village... 
Rockport  village. 
St.  Bernard  city., 
St.  Marys  city 

Salem  city 

Sandusky  city 

Shelby  village 

Sidney  city , 

Springfield  city. . , 


Steubenville  city . 
Struthers  village.. 

Tiffin  city 

Toledo  city 

Toronto  village... 


Troy  city 

Uhrichsvi  He  village . . . 
Upper  Sandusky  vil- 
lage  

Urbana  city 

Van  Wert  city 


1910 


14,825 
14,858 
9,597 
2,659 
9,939 

7,214 
5,560 
3,736 
2,527 
4,228 

6,237 
35,279 
2,823 
4,296 
13,147 

5,468 
4,488 
7,185 
15,181 
13,093 

2,698 
2,665 
30,508 
3,084 
3,439 

4,850 
3,530 

.28,883 
5,193 

20,768 

12,923 
18,232 
9,133 
3,576 
13,879 

2,734 
4,271 
3,194 
13, 152 
4,049 

2,759 
9,087 
4,007 
6,082 

2,943 

2,569 
8,512 
25,404 
5,813 
8,361 


2,503 
7,858 
16,185 
4,365 
3,101 

5,601 
13,388 
4,023 
3,007 
23,481 

5,310 
3,985 
3,179 
5,002 
6,732 

8,943 
19,989 
4,903 
6,607 
46,921 

22,891 

3,370 

11,894 

168,497 

4,271 

6,122 
4,761 

3,779 
7,739 
7,157 


1900 


5,501 

23,914 

1,833 

4,536 

11,868 

4,672 
4,541 
6,862 
3,365 
8,991 

2,867 
2,744 
21,723 
3,330 
2,695 

3,480 
3,511 

16,028 
3,140 

17,640 

13,348 

11,862 

7,760 

3,048 

11,944 

2,232 
3,941 
2,799 
9,215 
2,954 

1,869 
6,633 
3,639 
5,421 

2,669 

1,701 
6,213 
18,157 
5,909 
7,468 


3,661 
7,074 
6,480 
4,082 
1,901 

5,024 
12,172 
4,639 
2,450 
17,870 

4,003 
3,076 
2,038 
3,384 
5,359 

7,581' 
19,664 
4,685 
5,688 
38,253 

14,349 


10,989 

131,822 

3,526 

5,881 
4,582 

3,355 
6,808 
6,422 


1890 


,611 
,553 
,070 
,729 
,141 

,326 
,498 


2,460 

6,473 
17,565 
1,507 
3,620 
10,939 

4,320 
3,501 

6,667 


7,655 

3,050 
2,826 
15,981 
2,278 
2,474 

3,119 
3,313 
4,863 
2,214 
13,473 

8,273 
8,327 
6,250 
2,810 
10,092 

2,073 
3,962 
3,211 
7,681 
1,856 

1,293 
6,027 
2,764 
4,558 

1,251 

1,470 
4,456 
14,270 


4,289 


2,857 
7,195 


4,376 
1,766 

4,755 
9,090 
4,726 
2,049 
12,394 

3,417 


1,779 
3,000 

6,780 
18,471 
1,977 
4,850 
31,895 

13,394 


10,801 
81,434 
2,536 

4,494 
3,842 

3,572 
6,510 
6,512 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OB  BOBOUGH. 


Ohio— Con. 

Wadsworth  village 

Wapakoneta  city 

Warren  city 

Washington    Court 

House  city 

Wauseon  village 


Wellston  city 

Wellsville  city 

Wilmington  village. . 
Woodsfleld  village... 


Woostercity 

Xeniacity 

Youngstown  city . 
Zanesville  city 


Oklahoma  1 


Ada  city 

Altuscity 

Alva  city 

Anadarko  city. 
Ardmore  city. . 


Bartlesvillecity. 
Blackwellcity... 
Chickasha  city. . . 
Claremorecity... 
Clinton  city 


Coalgate  city . 
Durantcity.. 
El  Reno  city. 

Elk  City 

Enid  city 


Frederick  city... 

Guthrie  city 

Hartshome  city . 

Hobartcity 

Hugo  city 


Kingfisher  city . 

Krebscity 

Lawtoncity 

McAlestercity.. 
Mangum  city. . . 


Miami  city 

Muskogee  city . . . 

Norman  city 

Nowata  city 

Oklahoma  City. 


Okmulgee  dty 

Pauls  Valley  city. 
Pawhuska  city . . . 
Perry  city 


Poncaclty 

Purcellcity... 
Sapulpacity.. 
Shawnee  city. 


Stillwater  city.. 

Sulphur  city 

Tahlequah  city. 
Tulsa  city 


Vinita  city 

Wagoner  city. . . 
Waurikacity... 
Woodward  city. 

Oregon 


Albany  city 

Ashland  city 

Astoria  city 

Baker  City 

Corvalliscity 

Eugene  city 

Grants  Pass  city 

Klamath  Falls  town. 

La  Grande  city 

Marshfield  town 


Medford  city . . . 

Oregon  City 

Pendleton  city. 
Portland  city. . . 

Roseburgcity.. 
St.  Johns-city.. 

Salem  city 

The  Dalles  city. 


1910 


3,073 
6,349 
11,081 

7,277 
2,660 

6,875 
7,769 
4,491 
2,502 

6,136 
8,706 
79,066 
28,026 


4,349 
4,821 
3,688 
3,439 
8,618 

6,181 
3,266 
10,320 
2,866 
2,781 

3,255 
5,330 
7,872 
3,165 
13,799 

3,027 
11,654 
2,963 
3,845 
4,582 

2,538 
2,884 
7,788 
12,954 
3,667 

2,907 

25,278 

3,724 

3,672 

64,205 

4,176 
2,689 
2,776 
3,133 

2,521 
2,740 
8,283 
12,474 

3,444 
3,684 
2,891 
18,182 

4,082 
4,018 
2,928 
2,696 


4,275 
5,020 
9,599 
6,742 
4,552 

9,009 
3,897 
2,758 
4,843 
2,980 

8,840 

4,287 

4,460 

207,214 

4,738 
4,872 
14,094 
4,880 


1900 


1,764 
3,915 
8,629 

6,751 
2,148 

8,045 
6,146 
3,613 
1,801 

6,063 
8,696 
44,885 
23,538 


3,257 
1,927 
2,800 
2,190 
8,759 

4,216 
2,644 
7,862 
2,064 
1,278 

2,921 
4,510 
5,370 
2,195 
10,087 

2,036 
11,652 
2,435 
3,136 
2,676 

2,214 
1,508 
5,562 
8,144 
2,672 

1,893 

14,418 

3,040 

2,223 

32,452 

2,322 
2,157 
3,408 
2,881 

2,529 
2,553 
4,259 
10,955 

2,677 
2,935 
1,916 
7,298 

3,157 

2,950 

696 

2,018 


3,149 
2,634 
8,381 
6,663 
1,819 

3,236 
2,290 
447 
2.991 
1,391 

1,791 

3,494 

4,406 

90,426 

1,690 


4,258 
3,542 


•  Figures  for  census  of  1910,  special  census  of  1907,  and  census  of  1900  used. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


73 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  liaving  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc. ,  ot  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— C!on. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


FennsylTania 


AUentown  city 

Altoonacity 

Ambler  borough — 
Ambridge  borough . 
Ajwllo  borough 


Archbald  borough 

Ashland  borough 

Ashley  borough 

Aspinwall  borough 

Athens  borough 

7,194 
6,865 
5,601 
2,592 
3,796 

Austin  borough 

Avalon  borough 

Avoca  borougn 

Bangor  borough 

Bamesboro  borough. . . 

2,941 
4,317 
4,634 
5,369 
3,635 

Beaver  borough 

Beaver  Falls  borough.. 

Bellefonte  borough 

Bellevue  borougn 

Berwick  borough 

3,456 
12,191 
4,145 
6,323 
5,357 

Bethlehem  borough. . . , 

Birdsboro  borough 

Blairsville  borough 

Blakeley  borough 

Bloomsburg  town 


Brackenridge  borough, 

Braddock  borough 

Bradford  city 

Bridgeport  borough.... 
Bristol  borough 


Brook ville  borough 

Butler  borough 

Canonsburg  borough... 

Carbondate  city 

Carlisle  borougn 


Carnegie  borough — 

Carrick  borougn 

Catasauqua  borough. 
Chambersburg  borough 
Charleroi  borough . . 


Chester  city 

Clairton  borough . . . 

Clarion  borough 

Clearfield  borough . . 
Clifton  Heights  borough 


Coaldale  borough . . . 
Coatesville  borough. 
Columbia  borough. . 
Conncllsville  borough. . 
Conshohocken  borough 


Coplay  borough 

Coraopolls  borough 

Corry  city 

Coudersport  borough . . 
Crafton  borough 


CurwensviUe  borough . 
Danville  borough. . . 

Darby  borough 

Derry  borougn 

Dickson  City  borough. . 

Donora  borough 

Dorranceton  borough. . 
Downingtown  borough 
Doylestown  borough . . 
Dubois  borough 

Dunmore  borough . . 

Duquesne  borough 

Duryea  borough 

East  Conemaugh  bor- 
ough   

East  Mauch  Chunk 
borough 

East  Pittsburgh  bor- 
ough   

East  Stroudsburg  bor- 
ough   

Easton  city 

Edge  wood  borough. . . 

Edwardsville  borough. 

Elizabethtown  borough 
Ellwood  City  borough. 

Emaus  borough 

Emporium  borough 
Ephrata  borough . . . 


1910 


51,913 
52,127 
2,649 
5,205 
3,006 


12,837 
2,930 
3,572 
5,345 
7,413 

3,134 
19,357 
14,544 
3,860 
9,256 

3,003 
20,728 

3,891 
17,040 
10,303 

10,009 
6,117 
5,250 

11,800 
9,615 

38,537 
3,326 
2,612 
6,861 
3,155 

5,164 
11,084 
11,454 
12,845 

7,480 

2,670 
6,252 
5,991 
3,100 
4,583 

2,549 
7,517 
6,305 
2,954 
9,331 
8,174 
4,046 
3,326 
3,304 
12,623 
17,615 
15,727 
7,487 

5,046 

3,548 

5,615 

3,330 

28,523 

2,596 

8,407 

2,587 
3,902 
3,501 
2,916 
3,192 

1  Includes 
•  Includes 
>  Includes 


1900 


35,416 

38,973 

1,884 


2,924 

5,396 
6,438 
4,046 
1,231 
3,749 

2,300 
2,130 
3,487 
4,106 
1,482 


2> 
10, 
4 
3, 
3, 

'10, 
2, 
3, 
3, 
6, 


15,654 
15,029 
3,097 
7,104 

2,472 
10,853 

2,714 
13,636 

9,626 

7,330 


3,963 
8,864 
5,930 

33,988 


2,004 
5,061 
2,330 


6,721 
12,316 
7,160 
5,762 

1,581 
2,555 
5,369 
3,217 
1,927 

1,937 
8,042 
3,429 
2,347 
4,948 


2,211 
2,133 
3,034 
9,375 

12,583 
9,036 


2,883 


1890 


25,228 

30,337 

1,073 


2,156 

4,032 
7,346 
3,192 


3,274 

1,679 

804 

3,031 

2,609 


8,661 
10,614 
2,661 
6,663 

2,478 
8,734 
2,113 
10,833 
7,620 


3,704 
7,863 


20,226 


2,164 
2,248 
1,820 


3,680 
10,599 
5,629 
5,470 

880 

962 

5,677 

1,630 


1,664 
7,998 
2,972 
1,968 
3,110 


586 
1,920 
2,519 
6,149 

8,315 


1,158 
2,772 


1,819 
14,481 
616 
3,284 
1,218 


883 
2,147 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OR   BOROUGH. 


Pennsylvania — Con. 


Erie  city 

Etna  borough 

Exeter  borough 

Ford  Cjty  borough. . 
Forest  City  borough. 


Frackville  borough . . 

Franklin  city 

Freedom  borough . . . 
Freeland  borough . . . 
Galeton  borougn 


GalUtzin  borough 

Gettysburg  borough. 
Gilberton  borough. . . 
Girardville  borough . 
Glassport  borough. . . 


Greater     Punxsutaw- 

ney  borough 

Greensburg  borough . . 
Greenville  borough . . . 
Grove  City  borough. . 
Hanover  bMwigh 


Harrisburg  city 

HazlBt<xi  city 

Hollidaysburg  borough 
Homestead  borough . . . 
Honesdale  borougn 

Huntingdon  borough . 

Indiana  borough 

Irwin  borough 

Jeannette  borough 

Jenkintown  borough  . 


Jermyn  borough 

Jersey  Shore  borough. 
Jobnsonburg  borough 

Johnstown  city 

Juniata  borough 


Kane  borough 

Kingston  borough . . . 
Kittanning  borough 
Knoxville  oorough . . 
Lancaster  city 


Lansford  borough . . . 
Lansdaie  borough . . . 
Lansdowne  borough. 
Larksville  borougn. . 
Latrobe  borough 


Lebanon  city 

Leechburg  borough. . 
Lehighton  borough. . 
Lewisburg  borough. . 
Lewistown  borough. 


Lock  Haven  city 

Luzerne  borougn 

Ly  kens  borougli 

MxjAdoo  borough . . . . 
McDonald  borough . . 


McKees  Rocks  borough 

McKecsport  city 

Mahanoy  City  borough . 
Mauch  Chunk  borough 
Mayfleld  borough 


bor- 


Mead  ville  city. 
Mechanicsburg 

ough 

Media  borough 

Meyersdale  borough. 
Middletown  borough 


Millvale  borough 

Milton  borough 

Miners  Mills  borough . 
Minersville  borough. . 
Monaca  borough 


Monessen  borough 

Monongahela  City 

Moosic  Dorough 

Mount  Carmel  borough 
Mount  Oliver  borough. 

Mount  Pleasant  bor- 
ough  

Mount  Union  borough. 
Munhall  borough . . . 
Nanticoke  borough . 
Nazareth  boroufji . . 


1910 


66,525 
5,830 
3,537 
4,850 
5,749 

3,118 
9,767 
3,060 
6,197 
4,027 

3,504 
4,030 
5,401 
4,396 
5,540 


9,058 
13,012 
5,909 
3,674 
7,057 

64,186 
25,452 

3,734 
18,713 

2,945 

6,861 
6,749 
2,886 
8,077 
2,968 

3,168 
5,381 
4,334 
55,482 
6,285 

6,626 
6,449 
4,311 
5,651 
47,227 

8,321 
3,551 
4,066 
9,288 
8,777 

19,240 
3,624 
5,316 
3,081 
8,166 

7,772 
5,426 
2,943 
3,389 
2,543 

14,702 
42,694 
15,936 
3,952 
3,662 

12,780 

4,469 
3,562 
3,741 
6,374 

7,861 
7,460 
3,159 
7,240 
3,376 

11,775 
7,598 
3,964 

17,532 
4,241 


5,812 
3,338 
5,185 
18,877 
3,978 


52,733 
5,384 
1,948 
2,870 
4,279 

2,594 
7,317 
1,783 
5,254 
2,415 

2,759 
3,495 
4,373 
3,666 


»6,746 
6,508 
4,814 
1,599 
5,302 

60,167 
14,230 

2,998 
12,654 

2,864 

6,053 
4,142 
2,452 
5,865 
2,091 

2,667 
3,070 
3,804 
36,936 
1,709 

5,296 
3,846 
3,902 
3,611 
41,459 

4,888 
2,754 
2,630 


4,614 

17,628 
2,459 
4,629 
3,457 
4,461 

7,210 
3,817 
2,762 
2,122 
2,475 

6,352 
34,227 
13,504 
4,029 
2,300 

10,291 

3,841 
3,075 
3,024 
5,608 

6,736 
6,175 
2,224 
4,815 
2,008 
2,197 
5,173 
1,227 
13, 179 
2,295 

4,745 
1,086 


population  of  West  Bethlehem  borough:  1900, 3,465;  1890, 
population  of  Clay  ville  borough:  1900,  2,371;  1890, 1,402. 
population  of  Allegheny  city:  1900,  129,896;  1890, 105,287. 


12.116 
2,304 

2,769. 


1890 


40,634 

3,767 
790 


2,319 

2,520 

6,221 

704 

1,730 


2,392 
3,221 
3,687 
3,584 


>4,194 
4,202 
3,674 
1,160 
3,746 

39,385 
11,872 
2,975 
7,911 
2,816 

5,729 
1,963 
2,428 
3,296 
1,609 

2,650 
1,853 


21,805 


2,944 
2,381 
3,095 
1,723 
32,011 

4,004 
1,868 


3,589 

14,664 
1,921 
2,959 
3,248 
3,273 

7,358 
2,398 
2,450 


1,698 


20,741 
11,286 
4,101 
1,695 

9,520 

3,691 
2,736 
1,847 
5,080 

3,809 
5,317 
2,075 
3,504 
1,494 


4,096 
8,' 254 


3,652 
810 


10,044 
1,318 


aTY,  TOWN,  VTLLAOE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


Pennsylvania— Con. 

New  Brighton  borough 

New  Castle  city 

New  Kensington  bor- 
ough   

New  Philadelphia  bor- 
ough   

Nomstown  borough . . . 

North  Braddock  bor- 
ough   

North  East  borough . . . 

Northampton  borough. 

Northumoerland  bor- 
ough  

Oakmont  borough 


Oil  City 

Old  Forge  borough 

Olyphant  borougn 

Parkesburg  borough . . . 
Parnassus  Dorough 


Parsons  borough 

Patton  borougn 

Pen  Argyl  borough . 
Perkasie  borough. . . 
Philadelphia  city... 


Philip.sburg  borough. . . 
Phoenix  ville  borough. . 

Pitcaim  borough 

Pittsburgh  city 

Pittstoncity 


Plymouth  borough. . . 
Port  Carbon  borough . 

Portage  borough 

Pottstown  borough . . . 
Pottsville  borougn — 


Quakerto^vn  borough . 

Rankin  borough 

Reading  city 

Renovo  borough , 

ReynoldsvUle  borough. 


Ridgway  borough 

Rochester  borough 

Royorsford  borough . . . 

St.  Clair  borough  * 

St.  Clair  borough  <• 


St.  Marys  borough — 

Sayre  borough 

Schuylkill  Haven  bor- 
ough   

Scottdale  borough 

Scranton  city 


Sewickley  borough 

Sham  ok  in  borough 

Sharon  borough 

Sharpsburg  borough . . . 
Sharpsville  borou^. . . 

Shenandoah  borough . . 
Shijjpensburg  borough. 
Slatington  borough . . . 

Somerset  borough 

South  Bethlehem  bor- 
ough   


South  Brownsville  bor- 
ough   

South  Fork  borough. . . 

South  Sharon  borough. 

South  Williamsport 
borough 

Spangler  borough 


Spring  City  borough. . 

Steellon  borough 

Stroudsburg  borough . 
Summit  Hill  borough. 
Sunbury  borough 


1910 


Susquehanna  borough.! 

Swissvale  borough 

Swoyer^ille  borough. .  1 

Tarn  aqua  borough ' 

Tarentum  borough ! 

Taylor  borough 

Throop  borough i 

Titusville  city 

Towanda  borough 

Turtle  Creek  borough . . 


8,329 
36,280 


7,707 


2,512 
27,875 


11,824 
2,672 
8,729 

3,517 
3,436 

15,667 
11,324 
8,605 
2,522 
2,578 

4,338 
3,907 
3,967 
2,779 
1,549,008 

3.585 
10,743 

4,975 

633,905 

16,267 

16,996 
2,678 
2,964 
15,599 
20,230 

3,801 
6,042 
96.071 
4,621 
3,189 

5,408 
5,903 
3.073 
5,640 
6,455 

6,346 
6,426 

4,747 

5,456 

129,867 

4,479 
19,588 
15,270 
8,153 
3,634 

25, 774 
3,457 
4,454 
2,612 

19,973 


3,943 
4,592 
10,190 

3,734 
2,700 

2,880 
14,246 
4,379 
4,209 
13,770 

3,478 
7,381 
5,396 
9.462 
7,414 

9.060 
5,133 
8,533 
4,281 
4,995 


1900 


6,820 
28,339 


4,665 


1,326 
22,265 


6,535 
2,068 


2,748 
2,323 

13,264 
5,630 
6,180 
1,788 
1,791 

2,529 
2,651 
2,784 
1,803 
1,293,697 

3,266 
9,196 
2,601 
'451,512 
12,566 

13,649 
2,168 
816 
13, 696 
15, 710 

3,014 
3,775 
78,961 
4,082 
3,435 

3,515 

4,688 
2,607 


4,295 
5,243 

3,654 

4,261 

102,026 

3,568 
18,202 
8,916 
6,842 
2,970 

20,321 
3,228 
3,773 
1,834 

13,241 


1,805 
2,635 


3,328 
1,616 

2.666 
12,086 
3,450 
2,986 
9,810 

3,813 
1,716 
2,264 
7.267 
5,472 

4,215 
2,204 
8,244 
4,663 
3,262 


*  Allegheny  County. 
»  Schuylkill  County. 


74 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,  IN  1910,  2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

(This  table  includes  all  incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  tbfl 
townships,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— Con. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Pennsylvania— Con. 


Tyrone  borough 

Union  City  borough. . . 
Union  town  borough. . 
Vandergrift  borough  . . 
Vandergrift  Heights 
borough 


Verona  borough 

Warren  borough , 

Washington  borough. . 
Waynesboro  borough. . 
Waynesburg  borough . . 

Weatherly  borough — 

Wellsboro  twrough 

West  Berwick  borough. 
West  Chester  borough . 

West  Hazleton  borough 
West  Homestead  bor- 
ough   

West  Newton  borough. 
West  Pittston  borough. 


Wickboro  borough 

Wilkes-Barre  city 

Wilkinsburg  borough.. 

Williamsport  city 

Wiiliamstown  borough 

Wihnerdtng  borough . . 

Windber  borough 

Winton  borough 

Wyoming  borough 

York  city 


Khode  Island 


Bristol  town 

BurrUlville  town . 
Central  Falls  city. 
Coventry  town . . . 
Cranston  city 


Cumberland  town 

East  Greenwich  town . . 
East  Providence  town. 

Johnston  town 

Lincoln  town 


Newport  city 

North  Kingstown  town 
North  Providence  town 
North  Smithfleldtown. 
Pawtucket  city 


Portsmouth  town . . 

Providence  city 

Scituate  town 

Smithfleld  town 

South  Kingstown  town 


Tiverton  town... 

Warren  town 

Warwick  town . . . 
Westerly  town . . . 
Woonsocketcity. 


South  Carolina 


Abbeville  city 

Aiken  city 

Anderson  city 

Bennettsville  town. 
Camden  city 


Charleston  city. 
Cheraw  town . . . 

Chester  city 

Clinton  town . . . 
Columbia  city.. 


Darlington  town. 

Easley  town 

Florence  city 

Gaffneytown 

Georgetown  city. 


Greenville  city... 
Greenwood  town. 

Laurens  town 

Marion  town 

Newberry  town. . 

Orangeburg  city. . 
Rock  Hill  city. . . . 
Spartanburg  city . 

Sum  t.er  city 

Union  town 


1910 


7,176 
3,684 
13,344 
3,876 

3,438 

2,849 
11,080 
18, 778 
7,199 
3,545 

2,501 
3,183 
5,512 
11,767 

4,715 

3,009 
2,880 
6,848 

2,775 
67,105 
18,924 
31,860 

2,904 

6.133 
8.013 
5,280 
3,010 
44,750 


8,565 
7,878 

22,754 
5,848 

21, 107 

10, 107 
3,420 

15,808 
5,935 
9,825 

27,149 
4,048 
6,407 
2,699 

51, 622 

2,681 
224,326 
3,493 
2,739 
5,176 

4,032 
6,585 

26,629 
8,696 

38,125 


4.459 
3,911 
9,654 
2,646 
3,569 

58,833 
2,873 
4,754 
3,272 

26,319 

3,789 
2,983 
7,057 
4,767 
5,530 

15,741 
6.614 
4,818 
3,844 
5,028 

5,906 
7,216 
17,517 
8,109 
5,623 


1900 


6,847 
3,104 
7,344 
2,076 

1,910 

1,904 
8,043 
7,670 
5,396 
2,544 

2,471 
2,964 


9,524 
2,516 


2,467 
5,846 


61,721 
11,886 
28,757 
2,934 

4,179 


3,425 

1,909 

33,708 


6,901 
6,317 

18, 167 
5,279 

13,343 

8,925 
2,775 
12, 138 
4,305 
8,937 

22,441 
4,194 
3,016 
2,422 

39,231 

2,105 
176,597 
3,361 
2,107 
4,972 

2,977 
5,108 

21,316 
7,541 

28,204 


3,028 
903 
4,647 
3.937 
4,138 

11,860 
4,824 
4,029 
1.831 
4,607 

4,465 
5,485 
11,395 
5,673 
6,400 


1890 


4,705 
2,261 
6,359 


1,477 
4,332 
7,063 
3,811 
2,101 

2,961 
2,961 


8,028 
931 


2,285 
3,906 


37, 718 
4,662 

27,132 
2,324 

419 


1,797 

1,794 

20,793 


5,478 
5,492 


5,068 
8,099 

8,090 
3,127 
8,422 
9,778 
20,355 

19,457 
4,193 
2,084 
3,173 

27,633 

1,949 
132, 146 
3,174 
2,500 
4,823 

2,837 
4,489 

17,761 
6,813 

20,830 


3,766 

1,696 

3,414 

2,362 

5,498 

3,018 

1,929 

978 

2,441 

3,533 

56,807 

54,955 

1,151 

976 

4,075 

2,703 

1,869 

1,021 

21,108 

15,353 

2,389 
421 
3,395 
1,631 
2,895 

8,607 
1,326 
2,245 
1,640 
3,020 

2,964 
2,744 
6,544 
3,805 
1,609 


QTY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


South  Dakota 


Aberdeen  city. . 
Brookings  city.. 
Deadwoodcity. 

Huron  city 

Lead  city 


Madison  city. 
Mitchell  city.. 

Pierre  city 

Rapid  City ... 


Redfleld  city 

Sioux  Falls  city. 
Watertown  city. 
Yankton  city 


Tennessee 


Bristol  town  * 

Browns^TUe  city.. 
Chattanooga  city. 
Clarlcsvillecity... 
Cleveland  city 


Columbia  city 

Covington  town. . . 

Dyersburg  city 

Fayette ville  town. 
Franklin  to^pi 


Harrimancity 

Humboldt  town 

Jackson  city 

Johnson  City  town. 
Knoxville  city 


La  FoUettecity... 

Lebanon  town 

Lenoir  City  town. 

Memphis  city 

Morristown  town. 


Murtreesboro  city. 

Nashville  city 

Paris  city 

Park  City  town ... 
Pulaski  town 


Rockwood  town. . 
Shelby  ville  town. 
Tullahoraa  town.. 
Union  City  town. 

Texas 


Abilene  city 

Amarillo  city. . . 

Austin  city 

Ballinger  city... 
Bay  City  town. 


Beaumont  city 

Beeville  city 

Beltoncity 

Big  Spring  city 

Bonhamcity 

Bowie  city 

Brady  city 

Brenham  city 

Brownsville  city 

Brown  wood  city 

Bryan  city 

Calvert  town 

Cameron  city 

Childress  city 

Cleburne  city 

Coleman  city 

Comanche  town 

Commerce  city 

Corpus  Christi  city. 
Corsicana  city 

Crockett  town 

Cuero  town 

Dalhart  city 

Dallas  city 

Denisoncity 

Denton  city 

Dublin  city 

Eagle  Pass  town 

El  Paso  city 

Enniscity 

Fort  Worth  city 

Gainesville  city 

Galveston  city 

Georgetown  city 

Gonzales  city 


1910 


10,753 
2,971 
3,653 
5,791 
8,392 

3,137 
6,615 
3,656 
3,854 

3,060 
14,094 
7,010 
3,787 


7,148 
2,882 
44,604 
8,548 
5,549 

6,754 
2,990 
4,149 
3,439 
2,924 

3,061 
3,446 

15,779 
8,502 

36,346 

2,816 
3,659 
3,392 
131,105 
4,007 

4,679 
110,364 
3,881 
6,126 
2,928 

3,660 
2,869 
3,049 
4,389 


9,204 
9,957 
29,860 
3,636 
3,156 


1900 


4,087 
2,346 
3,498 
2,793 
6,210 

2,650 
4,055 
2,306 
1,342 

1,015 
10,266 
3,352 
4,125 


5,271 
2.645 
30,154 
9,431 
3,868 

6,052 
2,787 
3,647 
2,708 
2,180 

3,442 
2,866 

14,511 
4,646 

32,637 

366 
1,956 


1890 


102,320 
2,973 

3,999 
80,865 
2,018 


2,838 

2,899 
2,236 
2,684 
3,407 


3,411 

1,442 

22,258 

1,128 


9,427 


3,700 

'5,'642 
2,600 


6,968 
6,306 
3,965 

3,589 
3,322 
3,341 
692 
7,493 

1,362 
2,070 
1,800 
4,703 
9,313 

2,612 
3,422 


42,638 
11,807 

4,187 
2,370 


15,906 
4,919 

26,688 
7,874 

37, 789 
2,790 
4,297 


3,182 
1,518 
2,366 
3,038 
2,581 

1,736 
2,217 
3,235 
2,128 

796 
10,177 
2,672 
3,670 


3,324 
2,516 
29,100 
7,924 
2,863 

5,370 
1,067 
2,009 
2,410 
2,250 

716 
1,837 

10,039 
4,161 

22,535 


1,883 


64,495 
1,999 

3,739 
76,168 
1,917 


2,274 

2,305 
1,823 
2,439 
3,441 


3,194 

482 

14,575 


3,296 


3,000 

'3,'36i 
1,486 


5,209 
6,134 
2,176 

2,979 
2,632 
1,608 


3,278 

906 
1,226 

810 
4,387 
6,285 

1,445 
2,442 


38,067 
10,958 
2,668 
2,025 


10,338 
2,171 

23,070 
6,594 

29,084 
2.447 
1,641 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OR  BOROUGH. 


Texas— Con. 


Greenville  city 

Hillsboro  city 

Houston  city 

Houston  Heights  town, 
Jacksonville  city 


Jefferson  city... 

Laredo  city 

Lockhart  town. 
Longyiewcity.. 
Lufldn  town 


Mc Kinney  city. 

Mar  lin  city 

Marshall  city... 

Mart  town 

Mexia  town 


Mineral  Wells  city.. . 
Mount  Pleasant  city. 

Nacogdoches  city 

Navasota  town 

New  Braunfels  city.. 


Orange  city , 

Palestine  city 

Paris  city , 

Plain  view  town. . 
Port  Arthur  city. 


Quanah  city , 

San  Angelo  city , 

San  Antonio  city . : . . , 

San  Marcos  town 

Seguin  town 

Sherman  city 

Smithville  city 

Snyder  town , 

Stamford  city 

Stephen  ville  city 

Sulphur  Springs  city. 

Sweetwater  town 

Taylor  city 

Teaguecity , 

Temple  city 

Terrell  city 

Texarkana  city  » , 

Tyler  city , 

Uvalde  town 

Vernon  town , 

Victoria  city 

Waco  city 

Waxahachie  town 

Weatherford  city 

Wichita  Falls  city 

Yoakum  town 


Utah 

American  Fork  city. 

Bingham  town 

Brigham  city 

Eureka  city 

LehiCity 

Logan  city 

Murray  city 

Nephicity 

Ogden  City 

Park  city 

Provocity 

Richfield  city 

Salt  Lake  City 

Spanish  Fork  city. . . 

SpringviUe  city 

Tooele  city 


Vermont 


Barrecity 

Barre  town 

Barton  town 

Bennin^on  town 

Bennington  village . 

Brandon  town 

Brattleboro  town 

Brattlehoro  village  . 

Burlington  city 

Colchester  town 

Winooski  village 

Derby  town 

Essex  town 

Fair  Haven  town 

Fair  Haven  village. . 
Hard  wick  town 


1910 


8,850 
6,115 
78,800 
6,984 
2,875 

2,515 
14,855 
2,945 
5,155 
2,749 

4,714 
3,878 
11,452 
2,939 
2,694 

3,950 
3,137 
3,369 
3,284 
3,165 

6,527 
10,482 
11,269 
2,829 
7,663 

3,127 
10,321 
96,614 
4,071 
3,116 

12,412 
3,167 
2,514 
3,902 
2,561 

5,151 
4,176 
5,314 
3,288 

10,993 
7,050 
9,790 

10,400 

3,998 
3,195 
3,673 
26,425 

6,205 
6,074 
8,200 
4,657 


2,797 
2,881 
3,686 
3,416 

2,964 
7,522 
4,057 
2,759 

25,580 
3,439 
8,925 
2,559 

92, 777 
3,464 
3,356 
2,753 


10,734 
4,194 
3,346 
8,698 
6,SU 

2,712 
7,541 
6,617 
20,468 
6,450 

3,639 
2,714 
3,095 
!,5BJi. 
3,201 


1900 


6,860 

5,346 

44,633 

800 

1,568 

2,850 
13,429 
2,306 
3,591 
1,527 

4,342 
3,092 

7,855 


2,393 
2,048 


1,827 
3,857 
2,097 

3,835 
8,297 
9,358 


1,651 


53,321 
2,292 
2,421 

10,243 
2,577 


1,902 

3,635 

670 

4,211 


7,065 
6,330 
5,256 
8,069 

1,889 
1,993 
4,010 
20,686 

4,215 
4,786 
2,480 
3,499 


2,732 


2,859 
3,085 

2,719 
6,451 


2,208 

16,313 
3,759 
6,185 
1,969 

53,531 
2,735 
3,422 
1,200 


8,448 
3,346 
2,790 
8,033 
6,666 

2,759 
6,640 
6,S97 
18,640 
5,352 
5,785 

3,274 
2,203 
2,999 

2,466 


>  Joint  population 
« Joint  population 


of  Bristol  town,  Sullivan  County,  Tenn.,  and  Bristol  city,  Va.:  1910,  13,395;  1900,  9,850;  1890.  6,226. 

of  Texarkana  city,  MiUer  County,  Ark.,  and  Texarkana  dty,  Bowie  County,  Tex.:  1910, 15,445;  1900, 10,170;  1890,  6,380. 


POPULATION  OF  CITIES. 


75 


POPULATION  OF  PLACES  HAVING,   IN  1910,   2,500  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:   1910,  1900,  AND  1890— Continued. 

[This  table  includes  all  Incorporated  places  having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910,  so  far  as  they  have  been  returned  by  the  census  enumerators  separate  from  the 
townshii>s,  precincts,  districts,  etc.,  of  which  they  form  a  part.    It  also  includes  all  towns  in  New  England  which  had  a  population  of  2,500  or  more  in  1910.] 


Table  28— Ck)n. 

CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE, 
OE  BOROUGH. 


Vermont — Con. 

Hartford  town 

Lyndon  town 

Middlebury  town 

Montpelier  city 

Momstown  town 

Newport  town 

Newport  village 

Northlield  town 

Poultney  town 

Proctor  town 

Proctor  village 

Randolph  town 

Richford  town 

Rockingham  town 

Bellows  FalU  village 
Rutland  city 

St.  Albans  city 

St.  Johnsbury  town . . . 

St.  Johnsbury  village 

Springfield  town 

Springfield  village . . 

Swanton  town 

Waterbury  town 

West  Rutland  town. . 
Woodstock  town 

Virginia 

Alexandria  city 

Bedford  City  town 

Big  Stone  Gap  town. . 

Bristol  city ' 

Buena  Vista  city 

Charlottesville  city . . . 

Clifton  Forge  city 

Covington  town 

Danville  city 

FarmviUe  town 

Fredericksburg  city . . 

Hampton  city 

Harrisonburg  town . . . 

Lexington  town 

Lynchburg  city 

Marion  town 

Martinsville  town 

Newport  News  city. . . 

Norfolk  city 

Petersburg  city 

Portsmouth  city 

Pulaski  town 

Radford  city 

Richmond  city 

Roanoke  city 

Salem  town 

South  Boston  town. . . 
Staunton  city 

Suffolk  town 

Williamsburg  city 

Winchester  city 

Wytheville  town 

Washln^oa 

Aberdeen  city 

Anacortes  city 

BelUngham  city  ' 

Bremerton  city 

Centraiia  city 


1910 


4,179 
3,204 

2,848 
7,856 
2,652 

3,684 

3,226 

3,644 

2,871 

.  t,7S6 

3,191 
2,907 
6,207 
4,885 
13,546 

6,381 
8,098 
e,69S 
4,784 
S,iSO 

3,628 
3,273 
3,427 
2,545 


15,329 
2,508 
2,590 
6,247 
3,245 

6,765 
5,748 
4,234 
19,020 
2,971 

5,874 
5,505 
4,879 
2,931 
29,494 

2,727 
3,368 
20,205 
67,4.52 
24,127 

33,190 

4,807 

4,202 

127,628 

34,874 
3,849 
3,516 

10,604 

7,008 
2,714 
5,864 
3,054 


13,660 
4,168 

24,298 
2,993 
7,311 


1900 


3,817 
2,956 
3,045 
6,266 
2,583 

3,113 
1,874 
2,855 
3,108 
2,136 

t,ots 

3,141 
2,421 
5,809 
i,SS7 
11,499 

6,239 
7,010 
5,666 
3,432 
t,040 

3,745 
2,810 
2,914 
2,557 


14,528 
2,416 
1,617 
4,579 
2,388 

6,449 
>3,579 

2,950 
16,520 

2,471 

5,068 
2,764 
3,521 
3,203 
18,891 

2,045 
2,384 
19,635 
46,624 
21,810 

17,427 
2,813 
3,344 

85,050 

21,495 
3,412 
1,851 
7,289 

3,827 
2,044 
5,161 
3,003 


3,747 
1,476 
11,062 


1,600 


1890 


3,740 
2,619 
2,793 
4,160 
2,411 

3,047 
1,7S0 
2,628 
3,031 
1,758 


3,232 
2,196 
4,579 
S,O0g 


6,567 
S,SS7 
2,881 
I.BIS 

3,231 
2,232 
3,680 
2,545 


14,339 
2,897 


2,902 
1,044 

5,591 
1,792 
704 
10,305 
2,404 

4,528 
2,513 
2,792 
3,059 
19,709 

1,651 


34,871 
22,680 

13,268 
2,112 
2,000 

81,388 

16,159 
3,279 
1,789 
6,975 

3,354 
1,831 
5,196 
2,570 


1,638 
1,131 
8,135 


2,026 


CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAOE, 
OB  BOROUGH. 


Washington— Con 

Chehalis  city 

CleElum  city 

Colfax  city 

Ellensburg  city 

Everett  city 

Hillyard  city 

Hoquiam  city 

North  Yakima  city. 

Olympia  city 

Port  Townsend  city 

Pullman  city 

Puyallupcity 

Ren  ton  town 

Roslyn  town 

Seattle  city 

Snohomish  city 

South  Bend  city 

Spokane  city 

Tacoma  city 

Vancouver  city 

Walla  Walla  city... 
Wenatchee  city 

West  Virginia 

Benwood  city 

Bluefield  city 

Charles  Town 

Charleston  city 

Chester  city 

Clarksburg  city 

Davis  town 

Elkinscity 

Fairmont  city 

Grafton  city 

Hin ton  city 

Huntington  city 

Keyser  town 

McMechen  city 

Mannington  city . . . 

Martinsburg  city . . . 
Morgantown  city . . . 
Mounds  ville  city . . . 
Parkersburg  city . . . 
Princeton  city 

Richwood  town 

Sistersville  city 

Wellsburgcity 

Wheeling  city 

Williamson  city 

Wisconsin 

Antigocity 

Appleton  city 

Ashland  city 

Baraboo  city 

Beaver  Dam  city . . . 

Beloit  city 

Berlin  city 

Burlington  city 

Chipi)ewa  Falfs  city 
Columbus  city 

Cudahy  city 

De  Pere  city 

Eau  Claire  city 

Edgerton  city 

Fond  du  Lac  city . . 


1910 


4,507 
2,749 
2,783 
4,209 
24,814 

3,276 
8,171 
14,082 
6,996 
4,181 

2,602 
4,544 
2,740 
3,126 

237,194 
3,244 
3,023 

104,402 

.«  831743 
9,300 
19,364 
4,050 


4,976 
11,188 

2,662 
22,990 

3,184 

9,201 
2,615 
5,260 
9,711 
7,663 

3,050 
31,101 
3,705 
2,921 
2,072 

10,008 

9,150 

8,913 

17,842 

.3,027 

3,061 
2,684 
4,189 
41,641 
3,561 


7,196 
16,773 
11,594 
6,324 
6,758 

15,125 
4,636 
3,212 
8,893 
2,523 

3,091 
4,477 
18,310 
2,513 

18,797 


1900 


1,775 


2,121 
1,737 
7,838 


2,608 
3,154 
3,863 
3,443 

1,308 
1,884 


2,780 

80,671 

2,101 

711 

36,848 

37,714 

3,120 

10,049 

451 


4,511 

4,644 

2,392 

11,099 


4,050 
2,391 
2,010 
5,655 
5,050 

3,703 
11,923 
2,530 
1,405 
1,081 

7,604 

1,896 

5,362 

11,703 


2,979 

2,588 

38,878 


5,145 
15,085 
13,074 
5,751 
5,128 

10,436 
4,489 
2,526 
8,094 
2,349 

1,360 
4,038 

17,517 
2,192 

15, 110 


1890 


1,309 


1,649 
2,768 


1,302 
1,535 
4,698 
4,558 


1,732 
'i,'484 


42,837 
1,993 


19,922 

36,006 
3,545 

4,709 


2,934 
1,775 
2,287 
6,742 


3,008 

918 

737 

1,023 

3,159 

2,670 
10,108 

2,165 
427 
908 

7,220 
1,011 
2,088 
8,408 


469 

2,235 

34,522 


4,424 
11,869 
9,956 
4,605 
4,222 

6,315 
4,149 
2,043 
8,670 
1,977 


3,625 
17,415 

1,595 
12,024 


CITY,  TOWN,  TILLAGE, 
OB  BOBOUGH. 


Wisconsin — Con. 

Fort  Atkinson  city 

Grand  Rapids  city 

Green  Bay  city 

Hartford  city 

Hudson  city 

Janesville  city 

Jefferson  city 

Kaukauna  city 

Kenosha  city 

La  Crosse  city 

Lake  Geneva  city 

Madison  city 

Manitowoc  city 

Marinette  city 

MarshSeld  city 

Menasha  city 

Menoraonie  city 

Merrill  city 

Milwaukee  city 

Mineral  Point  city 

Monroe  city 

Neenah  city 

New  London  city 

Oconomowoc  city 

Oconto  city 

Oshkosh  city 

PlattevUle  city 

Plymouth  city 

Port  Washington  city 
Portage  city 

Prairie  du  Chien  city. 

Racine  city 

Reedsburg  city 

Rhinelander  city 

Rice  Lake  city 

Richland  Center  city . 

Ripon  city 

Shawano  city 

Sheboygan  city 

South  Milwaukee  city 

Sparta  city 

Stanley  city 

Stevens  Pomt  city 

Stoughton  city 

Sturgeon  Bay  city 

Superior  city 

Tomah  city 

Tomahawk  city 

Two  Rivers  city 

Washburn  city 

Watertown  city 

Waukesha  city 

Waupaca  city 

Waupun  city 

Wausau  city 

Wauwatosa  city 

West  Allis  city 

Whitewater  city 

Wyoming 

Casper  town 

Cheyenne  city 

Evanston  town 

Laramie  city 

Rawlins  city 

Rock  Springs  city 

Sheridan  city 


1910 


3,877 
6,521 
25,236 

2,982 
2,810 

13,894 
2,582 
4,717 
21,371 
30,417 

3,079 
25,531 
13,027 
14,610 

5,783 

6,081 
5,036 
8,689 
373,857 
2,925 

4,410 
5,734 
3,383 
3,054 
5,629 

33,062 
4,452 
3,094 
3,792 
5,440 

3,149 
38,002 
2,615 
5,637 
3,968 

2,652 
3,739 
2,923 
26,398 
6,092 

3,973 
2,675 
8,692 
4,761 
4,262 

40,384 
3,419 
2,907 
4,850 
3,830 

8,829 
8,740 
2,789 
3,362 

16,560 
3,346 
0,645 
3,224 


2,639 
11,320 
2,583 
8,237 
4,256 
5,778 
8,408 


1900 


3,043 
4,493 
18,684 
1,632 
3,259 

13,185 
2,584 
5,115 
11,606 
28,895 

2,585 

19,164 

11,786 

.  16,195 

6,240 

5,589 
5,655 
8,537 
285,315 
2,991 

3,927 
5,954 
2,742 
2,880 
5,646 


3,340 
2,257 
3,010 
5,469 

3,232 
29,102 
2,225 
4,998 
3,002 

2,321 
3,818 
1,863 
22,962 
3,392 

3,555 
2,387 
9,524 
3,431 
3,372 

31,091 
2,840 
2,291 
3,784 


8,437 
7,419 
2,912 
3,185 

12,354 
2,842 


3,405 


14,087 
2,110 
8,207 
2,317 
4,363 
1,559 


1  Joint  population  of  Bristol  town,  Sullivan  County,  Tenn.,  and  Bristol  dty,  Va.:  1910,  13,395;  1900,  9,850;  1890,  ( 

s  Includes  population  (367)  of  West  Clifton  Forge  town. 

'  Fairhaven  and  New  Whatcom  cities  consolidated  under  the  name  of  BelUngham  city  in  1903. 


Chapter  2. 
COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  PARENTAGE,  AND  SEX. 


Introdaction. — This  chapter,  dealing  with  the  com- 
position of  the  population,  gives  in  condensed  form 
statistics  relative  to  color  or  race,  nativity,  parentage, 
and  sex,  as  returned  at  the  Thirteenth  Decennial 
Census,  taken  as  of  April  15,  1910,  with  comparative 
figures  for  prior  censuses.  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico, 
and  other  outlying  possessions  are  not  included. 

The  classification  by  color  or  race  distinguishes 
six  groups,  namely,  white,  negro,  Indian,  Chinese, 
Japanese,  and  "All  other"  (consisting  principally  of 
Hindus  and  Koreans) .  On  account  of  their  compara- 
tively small  number,  the  four  last-named  groups  are 
combined  in  some  of  the  tables. 

The  white  population  is  divided  into  four  groups: 
(1)  Native,  native  parentage — that  is,  having  both 
parents  bom  in  the  United  States;  (2)  native,  foreign 
parentage — having  both  parents  bom  in  foreign 
countries;  (3)  native,  mixed  parentage — having  one 
parent  native  and  the  other  foreign  bom;  (4)  foreign 
born.  In  many  of  the  tables  native  whites  of  foreign 
parentage  and  of  mixed  parentage  are  combined. 


This  double  classification  by  color  or  race,  and  by 
nativity  and  parentage,  results  in  five  principal 
classes  of  the  population — the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage,  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage,  the  foreign-born  whites,  the  negroes,  and 
all  others.  The  last  named  group  is  frequently  omit- 
ted from  the  tables,  as  it  is  neither  numerous  nor 
important. 

Following  in  each  case  this  classification  according 
to  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  statistics  are 
presented  in  the  first  section  of  this  chapter  for  the 
total  population;  in  the  second  section  for  the  total 
population  distinguished  by  sex;  in  the  third  section 
for  the  population  21  years  of  age  and  over,  also  dis- 
tinguished by  sex;  and  in  the  fourth  section  for  the 
male  population  of  militia  age  (18  to  44  years,  inclu- 
sive). In  connection  with  the  population  21  years  of 
age  and  over,  much  greater  detail  is  given  regarding 
males  than  regarding  females,  and  statistics  are  also 
presented  relative  to  the  naturaUzation  of  the  foreign- 
born  white  males. 


TOTAL  POPULATION  BY  COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 


UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 

General  summary :  1910  and  1900. — ^Table  1  shows  the 
number  of  persons  of  each  color  or  race  at  the  last  two 
censuses,  the  total  number  of  native  and  foreign-born 
inhabitants,  and  the  number  of  whites  distributed 
according  to  nativity  and  parentage. 


Table  1 

CLASS  OF 
POPULATION. 

mncBEB. 

increase:* 
1900-1910 

PEE  CENT 

OF  TOTAL 

POPULATION. 

1910      1       1900 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

1910 

1000 

Total  population  . . 
White 

91,972,266 

81,731,957 

9,827,763 

412,546 

265,683 

71,531 

72,157 

3,175 

78,456,380 
13,515,886 

81,731,957 

68,386,412 
49,488,575 
12,916,311 
5,981,526 
13,345,545 

75,994,576 
66,809,196 
8,833,994 
351,385 
237,196 
89,863 
24,326 

16,977,691 

14,922,761 

993,769 

61,161 

28,487 

-18,332 

47,831 

3,175 

12,803,081 
3,174,610 

14,922,761 
11,791,033 
8,539,213 
2,284,031 
967,789 
3,131,728 

21.0 

22.3 
11.2 
17.4 
12.0 
-20.4 
196.6 

19.5 
3a7 

22.3 

20.8 
20.9 
21.5 
19.3 
30.7 

100.0 

8a9 

10.7 
0.4 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 
(') 

85.3 
14.7 

88.9 

74.4 
53.8 
14.0 
6.5 
14.5 

100.0 

87.9 
11  6 

Other  colored  races 

Indian 

0.5 
0.3 
0  1 

(») 

All  other 

65,653,299 
10,341,276 

66,809,196 

50,595,379 
40,949,362 
10,632,280 
5,013,737 
10,213,817 

86.4 
13.6 

87.9 
74.5 
53.9 
14.0 
6.6 
13  4 

Total  foreign  born 

Total  white 

Native 

Native  parentage — 
Foreign  parentage. . . 

Mixed  parentage 

Foreign  born 

I  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.        '  I.«ss  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Of  the  population  of  the  United  States  in  1910, 
81,731,957,  or  88.9  per  cent,  were  whites;  9,827,763, 
or  10.7  per  cent,  were  negroes;  and  412,546,  or  four- 
tenths  of  1  per  cent,  were  other  colored  races. 


Of  the  total  population,  78,456,380,  or  85.3  per 
cent,  were  native  and  13,515,886,  or  14.7  per  cent, 
foreign  bom,  the  latter  consisting  chiefly  of  whites. 

The  native  white  population  numbered  68,386,412, 
and  constituted  83.7  per  cent  of  the  white  population 
and  74.4  per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  country. 
The  13,345,545  foreign-bom  wliites  constituted  16.3  per 
cent  of  the  white  population  and  14.5  per  cent  of  the 
total  population. 

Native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  1910  numbered 
49,488,575,  constituting  60.5  per  cent  of  the  white 
population  and  53.8  per  cent  of  the  total  population. 
Native  whites  of  foreign  parentage  formed  15.8  per 
cent  of  the  white  population  and  those  of  mixed 
parentage  7.3  per  cent,  the  corresponding  percent- 
ages based  on  the  total  population  being  14  and  6.5, 
respectively. 

Of  the  total  increase  of  15,977,691  in  the  population 
of  the  country  between  1900  and  1910,  the  whites  con- 
tributed 14,922,761,  the  negroes  993,769,  and  other 
races  61,161.  The  increase  in  the  native  population 
was  12,803,081,  and  that  in  the  foreign  bom,  3,174,610, 
or  about  one-fifth  of  the  total  increase. 

The  percentage  of  increase  for  the  whites,  22.3,  was 
a  little  less  than  twice  as  high  as  that  for  the  negroes, 
11.2.  This  difference  is  partly  due,  however,  to  the 
direct  or  indirect  effect  of  immigration  upon  the 
increase  of  the  white  population.     The  native  white 

(77) 


78 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


popnkUaon  inGmsed  20^  per  cent  and  ihe  fonag/k- 
bom  wiute  30.7  per  ctaai.  There  was  reiy  little  differ- 
ence in  the  rates  of  increase  for  the  three  parentage 
groups  of  the  native  white  population. 

Bj  reason  of  these  differences  in  the  rates  of  in- 
oease  of  the  sereral  dasses  of  population  there  was 
aome  ehaaage  between  1900  and  1910  in  the  relatiTe 
importance  of  the  different  groups.  Whites  consti- 
tuted 88.9  per  cent  of  the  total  popnlaticHi  in  1910, 
as  compared  with  87.9  per  cent  in  1900.  Nathre 
whites,  however,  constituted  a  sl^tlj  smaller  pro- 
portion of  the  total  in  the  later  jear  than  in  the 
earlier,  while  fore^^-bom  whites  formed  14. .5  per 
coit  of  the  total  in  1910,  as  compared  with  13.4  per 
cent  10  years  before. 

It  diould  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  increase  in  the 
white  groups,  from  one  census  to  another,  n^resente 
more  than  the  natural  growth  by  excess  of  births  over 
deaths.  The  increase  of  n^roes  and  Indians,  since 
their  number  is  only  sl^htfy  affected  by  immigration 
or  emigration,  is  essentially  a  natural  increase.  The 
increase  in  the  several  white  groups,  however,  is  mate- 
rially affected,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  immigration, 
which  greatly  exceeds  cm^ration.  Hie  total  number  of 
whites  is  swelled  directly  by  immigration;  the  number 
of  native  whites  by  the  children  bom  of  imm%rants 
after  their  arrival  in  this  country;  and  the  nomber  of 
native  idiites  of  native  parentage  by  the  childrai 
of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 
Additions  to  the  number  of  native  whites  of  foreign 
parentage,  of  course,  consist  wholly  of  the  children  of 
the  fore^n  bom,  while  the  additions  to  the  native 
whites  of  mixed  parentage  are  the  children  of  inter- 
maniageB  between  the  foreign  bom  and  the  native. 

It  is  possible,  however,  to  estimate  approximately 
the  natural  increase  of  the  white  popidation  by  sub- 
tracting from  the  total  white  population  enumerated 
in  1910  the  number  of  foreign-bom  whites  who  had 
immigrated  to  the  country  after  1900.  The  remainder, 
wbeaa.  compared  with  the  white  population  enumerated 
in  1900,  may  be  accepted  as  indicating  approximately 
the  growth  in  the  white  population  apart  from  immi- 
gration, or,  in  other  words,  the  natural  increase  of  the 
white  population  between  1900  and  1910.  The  num- 
ber of  foreign-bom  whites  enumerated  in  1910  who 
had  arrived  in  this  country  subsequently  to  January  1, 
1901,  was  almost  exactly  5,000,000.  Subtracting  this 
from  the  total  white  population  enumerated  in  1910 
the  remainder  is  about  76,730,000,  which,  as  compared 
with  the  white  population  in  1900,  66,809,196,  repre- 
sents a  difference  of  about  9,920,000,  or  14.8  per  cent. 

^  To  be  strictly  accurate  one  dionld  subtract  the  nombCT  of 
children  enumerated  in  1910  who  were  bom  in  this  country  ai  the 
immigrants  who  came  in  after  1900;  this  number,  however,  is  un- 
known, and  is  at  least  partially  ofbet  by  the  number  ot  surviving 
white  persons  (also  unknown)  enumerated  in  1900  who  emigrated 
frtan  the  United  States  before  April  15,  1910,  and  the  survrring 
children  bom  of  such  em%rants.  Moreover,  one  should  deduct  tiie 
■nriron  (mimber  imknovii)  of  the  immigrants  who  arrived  in  this 
cuualiw  betwcoi  June  1, 1900,  the  date  of  the  Twelfth  Census,  and 
1.  MOl. 


This  may  someiviiat  exceed  the  naiorm]  increaseu 
however,  because  certain  minor  factors  have  not  been 
takminto  acoofont  in  this  computation;^  it  is  probable 
diai  the  l^ne  rate  of  natural  increase  for  the  aggregate 
^dute  population  was  not  far  firom  14  per  cent,  aad 
that  this  percentage  may  be  fiaiify  compared  with 
the  rate  of  increase  in  the  negro  population,  11.2  per 
cent. 

Wkite  aad  magn  piitiililiw  —The  number  of  whites 
and  n^roes  in  tlie  total  population  of  the  United 
States  at  each  cenaas  from  1790  to  1910  is  given  in 
Table  2. 

Fza  czsr  of  total. 


WO* 

ua».7.'. 

vaolZ'. 
mm.... 

17W.... 


White. 


ti.9H.Sli 

m,te,TU 


0.«B,4BS 

%9m,4Ba 

7,: 


a;a»^aM 


ii,T3k.9a 


4B.m,Kt 


n,sea,9m 

7.tm.-m 

ijn,tas 


a.trt,i 


Kegro. 


m 


%,-m.mi 


and  an 
otber. 


OXOi 
■»,9H 


Ind., 


sr.» 
sr.i 

M.3 

SLt 
•!.• 

SL« 
■LI 

8ft.7 


Hi? 

n.« 

XL* 
1X1 
1X.T 

M.1 
15^7 
1&8 
3&1 
18.4 
19.0 
18.9 
1^3 


a4 
as 

a« 
as 
as 
a« 
aa 


jmm.  %mmtj0mmUmimtn%. 

The  census  of  1860  was  the  first  at  which  TndiAng 
were  distinguished  from  the  other  classes.  Not,  how- 
ever, until  the  census  of  1890  was  any  enumeration 
made  of  the  Indians  on  reservations  or  "living  in 
tribal  relations,"  so  that  statistics  for  the  group  in 
vdiich  they  are  included  in  the  table  are  not  com- 
parable further  back  than  1890. 

The  distinction  of  white  and  colored  is  the  only 
one  which  has  been  carried  through  all  the  13  censuses. 
There  is  some  doubt  whether  the  small  number  of 
taxed  Indians  were  counted  with  the  white  or  with  the 
colored  prior  to  1860. 

The  proportion  of  whites  in  the  total  population, 
which  was  approximately  four-fifths  in  1790,  has  in- 
creased at  each  succeeding  census,  except  for  an  insig- 
nificant decrease  in  1810  as  compared  with  1800. 
The  apparently  lower  percentage  in  1880,  as  com- 
pared with  1870,  is  undoubtedly  erroneous,  being  due 
to  the  faulty  census  of  1870,  which  is  known  to  have 
been  generally  deficient  in  the  Southern  states.  The 
number  of  omissions  in  these  states  in  1870  is  estimated 
to  have  been  747,915  whites  and  512,163  negroes, 
aggr^ating  1,260,078.  (See  Reports  of  the  Eleventh 
Census,  Population,  Part  I,  pp.  xi,  xii,  and  xvi.) 
Assuming  these  estimates  to  be  correct,  the  white 
population  in  1870  represented  86.2  per  cent  of  the 
total  and  the  negro  13.5. 

During  the  first  40  years  of  the  period  covered  by 
the  table,  the  proportions  of  whites  and  n^roes  did 
not  change  materially,  although  the  total  population 
more    than    trebled.     Thereafter    the   proportion   of 


COLOR  OR  RACS;  HATTVTTY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 


79 


fT|'*iffj' — froi 
1830  to  88u9  per  cc^  m  19111. 

and  iiiilitii,  m  tte 

tioB  for  cadi  decade  froM  1790  to  1910. 


per  cnt  iM     tibe  nl«  from  1»0  to  1900 

daiii^  oillier  Ike  pmee£i^  or  Ike 
SkIi  ahrapfc  rhigii  m  Hm  ^wvtfc  of  ft 
Um  pnpiiiitMil  ^ndi  m  mat  aftseted  bf 
tion  aeeai  ^giyifauhoMeand  mtmoifl  iorae  tibo 
Aat  tte  iimoinilMi  of  bkrmb  m  1890 


the  I 


Tlio  oddHinn  to  tte  total  viiite  popolfttioa 
1900-4910   warn  nMMiiliialiij    g^^emba 

I  and  indeed  caoeeeded  liie  total 
vhito  popoiaiiflB  of  flie  eomatxj  m  1840.  The  ia- 
I  irMii  ill  fhr  iirpn  ptuwilatiiM,  hainif i^  wm  Vw  ttiin 
OailraBi  1900  to  1900  and  vaa  flHch  lew  than  that 
Crmb  1970  to  1880  aa  baeed  OB  the  nteDM. 

decadea  1800-1970  and  1970-4899,  dw  to  the  dfliaeiiTe 
cnaaMnlaaB  of  the  pnpalatina  in  1970,  bo  eoireeted 
to  cjouecpund  with  the  fwtimafad  pepoiatioa  of  1870, 
die  iBCRMe  of  megrom  fraaa  1870  to  1880 


1900  to  1910. 

A ■■■■■! iwg  the  laiiiiialie  for  1870  to  be  appmuu- 
matd^  eonoet,  each  decade  anee  1790  haa  dbofvn  Hor 
the  irinte  popdhtioa  an  ahaofarte  c^  hnger  than  that 
for  the  deeade  iiiiianliiliij  piwjeiling,  wood  tibe  per- 
cmtaer  of  iniififi  lor  the  white  popolatiaa  haa  ex- 
eeeded  that  for  tibe  ocgiD  popufatioa  in  evcfy  deeade 
■nee  1790  ezieept  1800-1810.  In  the  50  yeaa  1860- 
1910  tibe  white  popiilalionmcreaaed203j6  per  oent  and 
the  negro  popolatiaa  121^  per  cent. 

A  eomparieon  of  the  drcwinial  ntes  of  inocaae 
in  the  white  popolatimi  fran  1790  to  1910  reveals 
tfaieecleaiiT  defined  periods.  From  1790  to  1860  the 
rate  was  hig^  and  irwiaifrality  nmfomi,  yaryii^  little 
bam  3-5  per  cent,  llien  it  lefl  €iS  abcwptlf  and  for 
three  decades,  from  1860  to  1890  (aec^ting  the  esti- 
mated figures  for  1870),  was  dose  to  27  per  eent.  The 
third  period  dates  from  1890,  the  pereentsge  of 
increase  bong  21.2  from  1890  to  1900  and  22.3  front 
1900  to  1910.  Widi  Rapeet  to  the  rate  of  inereaae 
of  the  negroes,  three  similar  periods  also  i^pear. 
tiie  second,  however,  brgiiiiiiiig  in  1830  and  Ihe 
third  in  1880.  Accmdii^  to  the  retorns  the  rste 
from  1880  to  1890  was  tcit  much  lower  than 
Ihe  estimated  rste  from'  1870  to  1880,  and 


-^nTUde 
of  Tndianw,  Qrinose,  and 
fitom  1860  to  1910. 


TaMe4 

CKKBVt  TZaZ_ 

I3^HL 

QaOBK.       iWftOBIt. 

Iff* 

IB  tB  * 

71.331  ;       71  07 

^ma'-^m 

5ci  «: 

laiM 

".zi  SlS 

S'l" 

s.3n 

"^ 

4MB 

H,W»  j- 

TmBans  in  bihan  Territasr  and  on  Indian 

arenot  IneiBded  in  the  totals  for  1860, 1870,  and 
1880,  bst  are  incfaded  in  the  totals  for  1890, 1900,  and 
19ia  Saee  1890  the  Lufianpopwlatinn  haa  mcreased 
dightif ,  althooi^  a  ai«ht  decRMe  is  indicated  fn- 
the  decade  1800-1900;  the  dnneBe  popolataoi  de- 
wh3e  dbe  Japaaen  mirmwti  n:pdfy  daaag 
of  the  toao  decades  and  in  1910  a^htlj  ootnnm- 
bered  the  fhineaii.  There  were  also  cnnmerBted  in 
1910  other  noBwhite  races,  eoorialing,  for  the  sweater 
part,  of  Hindns  and  Kneans,  to  the  nomher  of  3,175. 
anlatto  f  ufalelJM  —Table  5  gires  a 
of  the  negro  popolalaon  as  blade  or  mn- 
ktto  for  the  aerenJ  censnaes  at  which  this  distinrtann 
has  been 


7.777,C7 


mi 


m» 
ima 

ITS 

n.s 


Xo  date  are  srailable  for  1880  or  1900.  Of  the 
9327,703  negroes  enumerated  in  1910,  7,777,077 
were  retained  as  Uack  and  2,050,686  as  molatto. 
Inl850tibepercenti^^of  nmlattoes  was  11.2.  It  had 
advanced  but  little  in  1870,  bdi^  only  12  per  cent,  bat 
sinee  1870  the  proportion  of  nmlattoes  in  the  total 
negro  popolalion  ^ipearB  to  have  increased  venr  mate- 
rially, readme  15.2  per  eoit  in  1890  and  20.9  per  cent  in 
1910.  Gaonderalde  aneettaintf  neeeasarilT  attachfe 
U>  Ihiii I lewiilii  ■Ihsi. Imiwi  hi,  hiiik  IIm  atnim ji  nf  lliii 
distraelifan  made  depends  largdy  upoa  the  jod^ment 
and  care  of  tiie  enmneratocB.  Moreover,  the  fact  that 
the  definition  of  tibe  tenn  "mulatto'' adopted  at  difFer- 
ent  rfnsniWB  haa  not  been  entirdj  umfonn  mar  affect 
the  oomparabffity  <rf  Ae  fijgures  in  aoiie  degree.  In 
1870,  am  in  1910,  however,  the  teim  was  i^pfied  to  all 


80 


ABSTRACT   OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


persons  having  any  perceptible  trace  of  negro  blood, 
excepting,  of  course,  negroes  of  pure  blood. 

Native  and  foreign-born  population. — The  aggregate 
population  at  each  census  from  1850  to  1910  is  classified 
as  native  or  foreign  born  in  Table  6. 


Table  6 

POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  OF 
TOTAL. 

Total. 

Native. 

Foreign 
bom. 

Native. 

Foreign 
bom. 

1910 

91,972,266 
75,994,575 
62,947,714 
50,155,783 
38,658,371 
31,443,321 
23,191,876 

78,456,380 
65,653,299 
53,698,1.54 
43,475,840 
32,991,142 
27,304,624 
20,947,274 

13,515,886 
10,341,276 
9,249,560 
6,679,943 
5,567,229 
4,138,697 
2,244,602 

85.3 
86.4 
85.3 
86.7 
85.6 
86.8 
90.3 

14.7 

1900 

13.6 

1890 

14.7 

1880 

13.3 

1870 

14.4 

1860 

13.2 

1850 

9.7 

The  proportions  of  the  native  and  foreign  born  have 
not  changed  greatly  since  1860.  The  deficiency  in  the 
census  of  1870  affected  the  native  population  much 
more  than  the  foreign  born,  so  that  the  proportions  for 
that  year  are  slightly  misleading.  It  is  certain,  how- 
ever, that  for  the  native  population  the  rate  of  increase 
has  fallen  off  in  each  of  the  last  three  decades.  For  the 
foreign  born  the  rate  has  fluctuated  more  or  less 
directly  with  the  volume  of  immigration.  The  decen- 
nial increases  from  1850  to  1910  are  shown  in  Table  7. 


Table  7  , 

INCEEASE. 

PER  CENT  OF 
INCEEASE. 

DECADE. 

Total. 

Native. 

Foreign 
bom. 

Total. 

Native. 

For- 
eign 
bom. 

1900-1910 

1890-1900 

1880-1890 

1870-1880 

1860-1870 

1850-1860 

15,977,691 
13,046,861 
112,466,467 
11,597,412 
7,115,0.50 
8,251,445 

12,803,081 
11,955,145 
'9,896,863 
10,484,698 
5,686,518 
6,357,350 

3,174,610 
1,091,716 
12,569,604 
1,112,714 
1,428,532 
1,894,095 

21.0 

20.7 
24.9 
30.1 
22.6 
35.6 

19.5 
22.3 
22.8 
31.8 
20.8 
30.3 

30.7 
11.8 
38.5 
20.0 
34.5 
84.4 

1  Exclusive  of  population  specially  enumerated  in  1890. 


Table  8  shows,  for  1910,  the  number  of  each  color  or 
race  who  were  native  and  foreign  born,  respectively, 
with  the  percentage  which  persons  of  each  color  or 
race  formed  of  the  total  foreign  born. 


Table  8 


COLOE  OE  RACE. 


Total  population 

White 

Negro 

Indian 

Chinese 

Japanese 

All  other 


POPULATION. 


Total. 


91,972,266 

81,731,957 

9,827,763 

265,683 

71,531 

72, 157 

3,175 


Native. 


78,456,380 

68,386,412 

9,787,424 

262,930 

14,935 

4,502 

177 


Foreign  bom. 


Number. 


13,515,886 

13,345,545 

40,339 

2,753 

66,596 

67,655 

2,998 


Per 

cent  of 
total. 


14.7 
16.3 
0.4 
1.0 
79.1 
93.8 
94.4 


Per 
cent  of 
total 

for- 
eign 
bom. 


100.0 

98.7 
0.3 

0) 
0.4 
0.5 

0) 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  distinction  of  native  or  foreign  birth  is  significant 
for  the  white  population  only.  The  proportion  of  for- 
eign born  among  the  negroes  and  Indians  is  quite  unim- 
portant; and  while  more  than  three-fourths  of  the 
members  of  the  other  nonwhite  races  enumerated  are  of 
foreign  birth,  the  distinction  has  little  significance.  In 
the  subsequent  consideration  of  the  population  of  the 
United  States  the  distinction  between  native  and 
foreign  bom  is  generally  noted  only  in  the  case  of  the 
white  population. 

White  population  by  nativity  and  parentage. — Table 
9  classifies  the  total  white  population  at  each  census 
from  1850  to  1910  as  native  or  foreign  born,  and  the 
native  white  population  at  each  census  from  1870  to 
1910  by  parentage.  Statistics  as  to  parentage  are 
not  available  for  any  census  prior  to  that  of  1870. 
The  decennial  increases  are  also  given  in  the  table 
for  all  decades  for  which  figures  are  available. 


Table  9 

Total  white. 

NATIVE  WHITE. 

CENSUS  YEAE  OB  DECADE. 

Total. 

Native 
parentage. 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign- 
bom 
white. 

Total. 

Foreign. 

Mixed. 

1910 

81,731,957 
66,809,196 
55,101,258 
43,402,970 
33,589,377 
26,922,537 
19,553,068 

68,386,412 
56,595,379 
45,979,391 
36,843,291 
28,095,665 
22,825,784 
17,312,533 

49,488,575 

40,949,362 

34, 475, 716 

128,568,424 

122,771,397 

18,897,837 
15,646,017 
11,503,675 
18,274,867 
15,324,268 

12,916,311 
10,632,280 
8,085,019 
16,363,769 
14,167,098 

5,981,526 

5,013,737 

3,418,656 

11,911,098 

11,167,170 

13,345,545 

1900 

10,213,817 

1890 

9,121,867 

1880 

6,559,679 
5, 493, 712 

1870 

1860 

4, 096. 753 

1850 

2, 240, 535 

Increase: 

1900-1910 

14,922,761 
11,707,938 
'11,580.920 
9,813,593 
6,666,840 
7,369,469 

22.3 
21.2 
26.7 
29.2 
24.8 
37.7 

11,791,033 
10,615,988 
» 9, 018, 732 
8,747,626 
5,269,881 
5,513,251 

20.8 
23.1 
24.5 
31.1 
23.1 
31.8 

8,539.213 

6,473,646 

« 5, 789, 924 

5,797,027 

3,251,820 
4,142,342 
3,228,808 
2,950,599 

2,284,031 
2,547,261 
1,721,250 
2,196,671 

967,789 
1,595,081 
1,507,658 

753,928 

3,131,728 
1,091,950 
2,562,188 

1890-1900 

1880-1890 

1870-1880 

1,065,967 

1860-1870 

1,396,959 

1850-1860 

1,856,218 
30.7 

Per  cent  of  Increase: 

1900-1910 

20.9 
18.8 
20.3 
25.6 

20.8 
36.0 
39.0 
55.4 

21.5 
31.5 
27.0 
52.7 

19.3 
46.7 
78.9 
65.2 

1890-1900 

12.0 

1880-1890 

39.1 

1870-1880 

19.4 

1860-1870 

34.1 

1850-1860 

82.8 

1  Partly  estimated. 


»  Exclusive  of  white  population  specially  enumwated  in  1890. 


The  native  white  population  increased  20.8  per 
cent  in  the  decade  1900-1910;  in  the  preceding 
decade,   1890-1900,  the  increase  was   23.1  per  cent. 


For  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  however, 
the  rate  of  increase  was  higher  from  1900  to  1910 
than  in  the  preceding  decade,  being  20.9  per  cent  as 


COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 


81 


compared  with  18.8.  For  the  native  whites  of  foreign 
parentage,  on  the  other  hand,  the  rate  from  1900 
to  1910  was  lower,  and  there  was  a  decline  even 
more  marked  in  the  percentage  of  increase  for  the 
native  whites  of  mixed  parentage — from  46.7  per  cent 
in  the  earlier  decade  to  19.3  in  the  later.  It  should 
be  remembered,  however,  that  these  percentages  do 
not  represent  the  rates  of  ''natural"  increase  for  the 
several  classes  compared,  for  the  reason,  already 
noted,  that  the  births  among  the  native  population 
of  foreign  parentage  are  contributions  to  the  growth 
of  the  native  population  of  native  parentage,  and 
the  native  whites  of  foreign  parentage  are  similarly 
dependent  for  their  increase  upon  the  birth  rate 
among  the  foreign-bom  whites.  These  variations  in 
the  rates  of  increase  are  affected  by  preceding  varia- 
tions in  the  number  of  immigrants  and  in  their  age 
distribution,  sex  distribution,  and  other  characteris- 
tics, but  the  effects  are  veiy  difficult  to  trace. 

A  further  presentation  for  each  of  the  nativity  and 
parentage  classes  of  the  wliite  population  is  given  in 
Table  1 0,  which  shows  the  proportion  wliich  they  formed 
of  the  white  population  and  of  the  total  population  of 
the  country,  respectively,  at  each  census  from  1850  to 
1910. 


Table  lO 


curses  tkab. 


1910.. 
1000.. 
1890.. 
1880.. 
1870.. 
I860.. 
1850.. 


1910.. 
1900.. 
1890.. 
1880.. 
1870.. 
I860.. 
1850.. 


Total 
white. 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Total. 


Native 

parent- 

age. 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total. 


For- 
eign. 


Mixed. 


For- 
rtgn- 
bom 
wlilte. 


PKR  CENT  or  TOT.VL  WHITE  POPin.ATION. 


100.0 

83.7 

60.5 

23.1 

15.8 

7.3 

100.0 

84.7 

61.3 

23.4 

15.9 

7.5 

100.0 

83.4 

62.6 

20.9 

14.7 

6.2 

100.0 

84.9 

65.8 

19.1 

14.7 

4.4 

100.0 

83.6 

67.8 

15.9 

12.4 

3.4 

100.0 

84.8 
88.5 

100.0 

16.3 
15.3 
16.6 
15.1 
16.4 
15.2 
11.5 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


88.9 

74.4 

53.8 

20.5 

14.0 

6.5 

87.9 

74.5 

53.9 

20.6  1 

14.0 

6.6 

87.5 

73.0 

54.8 

18.3 

12.8 

5.4 

86.5 

73.5 

57.0 

16.5 

12.7 

3.8 

87.1 

72.9 

59.1 

13.8 

10.8 

3.0 

85  6 

72.6 
74.6 

84  3 

! 

1 

14.5 
13.4 
14.5 
13.1 
14.2 
13.0 
9.7 


Of  the  total  white  population  in  1910,  approximately 
five-sixths  (83.7  per  cent)  were  native  and  about  one- 
sixth  (16.3  per  cent)  foreign  born.  The  proportion  of 
foreign  bom  in  the  white  population  increased  from 
11.5  per  cent  in  1850  to  15.2  per  cent  in  1860,  and 
to  16.4  per  cent  in  1870  (doubtless  slightly  exag- 
gerated by  the  deficiency  in  enumeration  in  the  South, 
where  most  of  the  population  is  native).  Since  1870 
it  has  slightly  decreased  and  slightly  increased  in 
alternate  decades. 

The  proportion  of  persons  of  native  parentage  among 
the  whites  has  decreased  during  each  of  the  four 
decades  covered  by  the  figures,  falling  off  from  67.8 
per  cent  of  the  total  in  1870  to  60.5  per  cent  in  1910. 

72497"— 13 6  + 


Those  of  foreign  and  of  mixed  parentage,  taken 
together,  constituted  a  larger  proportion  of  the  white 
population  at  each  succeeding  census  from  1870  to 
1900,  but  the  proportion  in  1910  (23.1  per  cent) 
was  a  trifle  lower  than  in  1900. 

DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

Population  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage. — 
The  population  of  the  divisions  and  states  in  1910  and 
1900  is  classified  in  Table  12  by  color  or  race,  and 
in  Table  13  by  nativity  and  parentage. 

The  general  geographic  distribution  of  the  principal 
race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes  of  the  population 
in  1910  is  indicated  in  Table  11. 


Table  1 1 

PER  CENT 

DISTRIBUTION  BY  GEOGRAPHIC 
DIVISIONS:  1910 

Total 
popu- 
lation. 

White. 

Negro. 

SECTION  AND  DIVISION. 

Total. 

Native. 

For- 
eign 
bom. 

Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 
and 
all 
other. 

Native 
parent- 
age. 

For- 
eign or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 

VnitadStatM 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

TheVortk 

•0.6 

7.1 
21.0 
19.8 
12.7 

82.0 

13.3 
9.1 
9.6 

7.4 
2.9 
4.0 

M.9 

7.9 
23.1 
21.9 
13.9 

2S.1 

9.9 
7.0 
8.2 

8.0 
3.1 

4.9 

55.3 

5.3 
17.1 
19.7 
13.2 

87.6 

14.8 
11.0 
11.7 

7.2 
3.0 
4.3 

815 

10.9 
29.6 
27.0 
17.0 

6.7 
2.3 
1.1 
3.2 

8.8 

3.3 
5.6 

84.8 

13.6 
36.2 
23.0 
12.1 

5.4 

2.2 
0.7 
2.0 

9.7 
3.3 
6.5 

10.5 

0.7 
4.3 
3.1 

2.5 

89.0 

41.8 
27.0 
20.2 

0.6 
0.2 
0.3 

21.6 

New  England 

1.4 

Middle  .\tIantlo. 

4.? 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

The  Sooth 

5.4 
10.6 

22.4 

South  Atlantic 

2.6 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

The  West 

0.7 
19.1 

66.0 

Mountain 

Pacific 

22.2 
33.8 

Of  the  total  white  population  in  1910,  about  two- 
thirds  (54,640,209,  or  66.9  per  cent)  were  in  the  four 
northern  divisions,  and  of  the  negro  population,  ap- 
proximately nine-tenths  (8,749,427,  or  89  per  cent) 
were  in  the  three  southern  divisions.  The  Chinese 
and  the  Japanese  were  mainly  in  the  states  of  the 
Pacific  coast  and  Rocky  Mountains;  and  the  Indians 
mainly  on  scattered  reservations,  and  in  states  l3'ing 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  more  than  one-fourth  (74,825, 
or  28.2  per  cent)  being  in  Oklahoma, 

Of  the  13,345,545  foreign-bom  whites  in  1910,  ap- 
proximately five-sixths  (11,321,016,  or  84.8  per  cent) 
were  in  the  four  northern  divisions;  and  practically  the 
same  proportion  (15,967,158,  or  84.5  per  cent)  of  the 
18,897,837  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage 
were  in  these  same  divisions.  Of  the  total  foreign- 
born  white  population,  36.2  per  cent  were  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division,  a  percentage  which  considerably  ex- 
ceeds the  corresponding  figure  for  1900  (32.3  per  cent). 
The  native  whites  of  native  parentage  were  widely  dis- 
tributed, 27,352,035,  or  55.3  per  cent,  of  this  class  in 
1910  being  in  the  four  northern  divisions,  18,561,146, 
or  37.5  per  cent,  in  the  three  southern  divisions,  and 
3,575,394, or 7.2  percent, in  the  two  western  divisions. 


82 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  12 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States — 

Geographic  DnnsioNs: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Ehode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma! 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAanc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


population  by  color  or  race. 


Total. 


1910 


91,972,266 


6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,637,921 
12,194,895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 
4,192,304 


742,371 
430,572 
355,956 

3,366,416 
542, 610 

1,114,756 

9,113,614 
2,537,167 
7,665,111 

4,767,121 
2,700,876 
5,638,591 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 

2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
577,056 
583,888 
1,192,214 
1,690,949 

202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2,206,287 
1,515,400 
2,609,121 

752,619 

2,289,905 
2,184,789 
2,138,093 
1,797,114 

1,574,449 
1,656,388 
1,657,155 
3,896,542 

376,053 
325,594 
146,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81,875 

1,141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 


1900 


76,994,675 


5,592,017 
15,454,678 
15,985,581 
10,347,423 
10,443,480 
7,547,757 
6,532,290 
1,674,657 
2,416,692 


694,466 
411,588 
343, 641 
2,805,346 
428,556 
908,420 

7,268,894 
1,883,669 
6,302,115 

4,157,545 
2,516,462 
4,821,550 
2,420,982 
2,069,042 

1,751,394 
2,231,853 
3,106,665 
319, 146 
401,570 
1,066,300 
1,470,495 

184,735 
1,188,044 

278,718 
1,854,184 

958,800 
1,893,810 
1,340,316 
2,216,331 

528,542 

2, 147, 174 
2,020,616 
1,828,697 
1,551,270 

1,311,564 

1,381,625 

790,391 

3,048,710 

243,329 
161,772 

92,531 
539,700 
195,310 
122,931 
276, 749 

42,335 

518,103 

413,536 

1,485,053 


White. 


1910 


81,731,967 


6,480,514 
18,880,452 
17,927,622 
11,351,621 
8,071,603 
5,754,320 
6,721,491 
2,520,455 
4,023,873 


739,995 
429,906 
354,298 

3,324,926 
532,492 

1,098,897 

8,966,845 
2,445,894 
7,467,713 

4,654,897 
2,639,961 
5,526,982 
2,785,247 
2,320,555 

2,059,227 
2,209,191 
3,134,932 
569,855 
563, 771 
1,180,293 
1,634,352 

171, 102 
1,062,639 

236,128 
1,389,809 
1,156,817 
1,500,511 

679, 161 
1,431,802 

443,634 

2,027,951 

1,711,432 

1,228,832 

786,111 

1,131,026 

941,086 

1,444,531 

3,204,848 

360,580 
319,221 
140,318 
783, 415 
304, 594 
171,468 
366,583 
74,276 

1,109,111 

655,090 

2,259,672 


1900 


66,809,196 


5,527,026 
15,110,862 
15,710,053 
10,065,817 
6,706,058 
5,044,847 
4,771,065 
1,579,855 
2,293,613 


692,2^6 
410, 791 
342,771 
2,769,764 
419,050 
892,424 

7,156,881 
1,812,317 
6,141,664 

4,060,204 
2,458,502 
4,734,873 
2,398,563 
2,057,911 

1,737,036 
2,218,667 
2,944,843 
311,712 
380,714 
1,056,626 
1,416,319 

153,977 
962,424 
191,632 

1,192,855 
915,233 

1,263,603 
557,807 

1,181,294 
297,333 

1,862,309 

1,540,186 

1,001,162 

641,200 

944,580 

729,612 

670,204 

2,426,669 

226,283 
154,495 

89,051 
529,046 
180,207 

92,903 
272, 466 

36,405 

496,304 

394,682 

1,402,727 


Negro. 


1910 


9,827,763 


66,306 

417,870 

300,836 

242,662 

4,112,488 

2,652,513 

1,984,426 

21,467 

29,195 


1,363 
564 

1,621 
38,055 

9,529 
15, 174 

134,191 
89,760 
193,919 

111,452 
60,3i0 

109,049 
17,115 
2,900 

7,084 

14,973 

157,462 

617 

817 

7,689 

54,030 

31,181 
232,250 

94,446 
671,996 

64,173 

697,843 

835,843 

1,176,987 

308,669 

261,656 

473,088 

908,282 

1,009,487 

442,891 
713,874 
137,612 
690,049 

1,834 
651 
2,235 
11,453 
1,628 
2,009 
1,144 
613 

6,068 

1,492 

21,645 


1900 


8,833,994 


59,099 

325,921 

257,842 

237,909 

3,729,017 

2,499,886 

1,694,066 

15,690 

14,664 


1,319 

662 

826 

31,974 

9,092 

15,226 

99,232 
69,844 
156,845 

96,901 
57,505 
85,078 
15,816 
2,542 

•  4,959 

12,693 

161,234 

^86 

465 

6,269 

52,003 

30,697 
236,064 

86,702 
660,722 

43,499 

624,469 

782,321 

1,034,813 

230,730 

284,706 
480,243 
827,307 
907,630 

366,866 
660,804 
65,684 
620,722 

]  1,523 

293 

940 

8,570 

1,610 

1,848 

672 

134 

2,614 
1,105 
11,045 


Indian. 


Chinese. 


1910 


265,683 


2,076 
7,717 
18,266 
41,406 
9,054 
2,612 
76,767 
75,338 
32,458 


892 
34 
26 
688 
284 
152 

6,046 

168 

1,503 

127 

279 

188 

7,519 

10,142 

9,063 
471 
313 
6,486 
19,137 
3,502 
2,444 

5 
56 
68 
539 
36 
7,861 
331 
96 
74 

234 

216 

909 

1,263 

460 

780 

74,825 

702 

10,745 
3,488 
1,486 
1,482 
20,573 
29,201 
3,123 
5,240 

10,997 
6,090 
16,371 


1900 


237, 196 


1,600 
6,959 
16,027 
42,339 
6,685 
2,690 
66,674 
66,166 
30,367 


798 

22 

6 

587 
35 

153 

5,257 

63 

1,639 

42 
243 

16 
6,364 
8,372 

9,182 
382 
130 

6,968 
20,226 

3,322 

2,130 


3 

22 

354 

12 

5,687 

121 

19 

368 

102 

108 

177 

2,203 


693 

64,445 

470 

11,3« 
4,226 
1,686 
1,437 
13,144 
26,480 
2,623 
5,216 

10,039 
4,951 
15,377 


1910 


71,631 


3,499 
8,189 
3,415 
1,195 
1,582 
414 
1,303 
5,614 
46,320 


108 

67 

8 

2,682 

272 

462 

5,266 
1,139 
1,784 


276 

2,103 

241 

226 

275 
97 

536 
39 

121 

112 
16 

30 
378 
369 
154 
90 
80 
57 
233 
191 

52 

43 

62 

257 


507 
139 
595 

1,285 
869 
246 
373 
248 

1,305 
371 
927 

2,709 

7,363 

36,218 


1900 


89,863 


4,203 
10,490 
2,533 
1,135 
1,791 
427 
1,555 
7,950 
59,779 


119 
112 
39 
2,968 
366 
599 

7,170 
1,393 
1,927 

371 
207 
1,503 
240 
212 

166 
104 
449 

32 
165 
180 

39 

51 
544 
455 
243 
56 
51 
67 
204 
120 

57 
75 
58 
237 


599 
58 
836 

1,739 

1,467 
461 
599 
341 

1,419 
572 

1,362 

3,629 
10, 397 
45,763 


Japanese. 


1910 


72,157 


272 

1,643 

482 

1,000 

156 

26 

428 

10,447 

67,703 


13 
1 
3 
151 
33 
71 

1,247 
206 
190 

76 
38 
285 
49 
34 

67 
36 
99 
59 
42 
590 
107 

4 
24 

47 
14 
3 
2 
8 
4 
50 


31 
48 
340 

1,585 

1,363 

1,696 

2,300 

258 

371 

2,110 

864 

12,929 
3,418 
41,356 


'  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 

NATIVITY  AND  PARENTAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


83 


Table  13 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnlted  States 

Oeogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

Nbw  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  ot  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma* 

Texas 

MotnfTAiN: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Caliifoma 


78, 456, 380  65, 653, 299  13, 515, 886  10, 341, 276 


4,727, 
14,464; 
15,176, 
10,021, 
11,894, 
8,322, 
8,432, 
2,180, 
3,236, 


TOTAL  POPULATION  BY  NATTVITT. 


Native. 


Foreign  bom. 


1910  1900  1910  1900 


571  4,146, 
719  12, 137 
855  13,360 


8,814 
10,227, 
7,457, 
6,265, 
1,372, 
1,872 


631,809 
333,905 
306,035 
2,307,171 
363,469 
785,182 

6,365,603 
1,876,379 
6,222,737 

4,168,747 
2,541,213 
4,433,277 
2,212,623 
1,820,995 

1,532,113 
1,951,006 
3,063,556 
420,402 
483,098 
1,015,552 
1,555,499 


184, 
1,190, 

306, 
2,034, 
1,163, 
2,200, 
1,509, 
2,593, 

711, 


2,249,743 
2,166,182 
2,118,807 
1,787,344 

1,657,403 
1,603,622 
1,616,713 
3,654,604 

281,340 
283,016 
116,945 
669,437 
304,155 
155,589 
307,529 
62,184 

885,749 

559,629 

1,791,117 


601 
323 
298, 
1,959, 
294, 
670, 

5,368, 
1,451 
5,316, 

3,  MS, 
2,374, 
3,854 
1,879 
1,553 

1,246, 

1,925 

2,890, 

206 

313 

888 

1,343, 

170, 
1,094 

258, 
1,834, 

936, 
1,889 
1,334 
2,203, 

504 

2,096, 
2,002, 

1,814 
1,543 

1,297 

1,328, 

769, 

2,869 

176, 
137 

75, 
448, 
181 

98 
222, 

32 

406, 

347 

1,117 


811 
341 
803 
329 
071 

076 
933 
286 
055 
062 
953 
810 

925 
110 
599 
723 
349 
318 
788 


1,825,110 

4,851,173 

3,073,766 

1,616,695 

299,904 

87,825 

352,192 

453,322 

955,800 


110,562 
96,667 
«,921 
1,059,245 
179, 141 
329,574 

2,748,011 

660,788 

1,442,374 

508,374 
159,663 
1,205,314 
597,550 
512,865 

543,595 
273,766 
229,779 
156,654 
100,790 
176,662 
135,450 

17,492 

104,944 

24,902 

27,057 

57,218 

6,092 

6,179 

15,477 

40,633 

40,162 
18,607 
19,286 
9,770 

17,046 
52,766 
40,442 
241,938 

94,713 
42,578 
29,020 
129,587 
23,146 
48,765 
65,822 
19,691 

256,241 
113,136 
586,432 


1,445,237 

3,317,559| 

2,625,2261 

1,533,248 

216,030 

90,568 

267,087 

301,969 

544,362 


93,330 
88,107 
44,747 
846,324 
134,519 
238,210 

1,900,426 
431,884 
986,260 

458,734 
142, 121 
966,747 
541,653 
515,971 

505,318 
305,920 
216,379 
113.091 
88,508 
177,347 
126,685 

13,810 
93,934 
20,119 
19,461 
22,451 
4,492 
6,528 
12,403 
23,832 

50,249 
17,746 
14,592 
7,981 

14,289 
52,903 
20,538 
179,357 

67,067 
24,604 
17,415 
91,155 
13,625 
24,233 
53,777 
10,093 

111,364 
65,748 
367,240 


WHITE  POPULATION  BY  NATIVITY  AND  PARXNTAOE. 


Native. 


Total. 


1910 


1900 


68,386,412  56,595,379 


4,666, 
14,054, 
14,800, 
9,738, 
7,781, 
5,667, 
6,372, 
2,083, 
3, 162, 


629,862 
333,348 
304,487 
2,273,876 
354,467 
770, 138 

6,237,573 
1,787,706 
6,028,994 

4,057,662 
2,480,639 
4,324,402 
2,189,723 
1,807,986 

1,616,217 
1,935,707 
2,906,036 
413,697 
463,143 
1,004,428 
1,499,162 

153,682 

958,465 

211,777 

1,363,181 

1,099,745 

1,494,669 

673,107 

1,416,730 

409,792 

1,987,898 

1,692,973 

1,209,876 

776,722 

1,114,1^7 

889,304 

1,404,447 

2,964,864 

268,936 
278,794 
113,200 
656,564 
281,940 
124,644 
303,190 
56,277 

867,914 

552,089 

1,742,422 


090 


599 
322 
298 
1,929 
285 
655 

5,267 
1,382, 
5,159 

3,602, 
2,316, 
3,770, 
1,858, 
1,642 

1,232 

1,912, 

2,729, 

199 

292, 

879 

1,289 


140, 
869, 
172 

1,173 
892 

1,259 
662 

1,160 
278 

1,812 

1,622 

986 

633 

930, 

677, 

649, 

2,249, 

163, 
132, 

72 
438 
166, 

70, 
219, 

26, 

394 

340, 

1,086 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


1900 


Foreign  parentage. 


1910 


1900 


49, 488, 575  40, 949, 362  12, 916, 311 10, 632, 280 


2,613,419 
8,462,961 
9,751,968 
6,523,687 
7,341,205 
5,452,492 
5,767,449 
1,466,624 
2,108,770 


494,907 
230,231 
229,382 
1,103,429 
159,821 
395,649 

3,230,325 
1,009,909 
4,222,727 

3,033,259 
2,130,088 
2,600,555 
1,224,841 
763,226 

575,081 

1,303,526 

2,387,835 

162,461 

245,662 

642,075 

1,207,057 

127,809 

766,627 

166,711 

1,325,238 

1,042,107 

1,485,718 

661,970 

1,391,058 

373,967 

1,863,194 

1,654,606 

1,177,459 

757,233 

1,077,509 

776,587 

1,310,403 

2,602,950 

162,127 
203,599 

80,696 
475,136 
255,609 

82,468 
171,663 

35,326 

585,386 

416,851 

1,106,533 


2,511 
7,406, 
8,488, 
6,660 
6,107 
4,725, 
4,028 
855 
1,166 


493, 
242, 
225 
1,032 
144 
372 


2,851 

825 

3,729 

2,651 
1,952 
2,271 
1,026, 
585, 

425, 

1,261 

2,204 

65, 

136, 

563 

1,013 

118, 
680, 
134, 

1,141 
843 

1,260, 
640, 

1,144, 
254, 

1,673 

1,481 
956, 
614 


569 

601 

1,959, 

92 
89 
47 
311 
149, 
44, 
104, 
15 

265, 
256 
644 


513 
973 
093 

440 

194 
766 
714 
903 

780 
068 
874 
811 
191 
524 
655 

029 
049 
073 
213 
981 
811 
766 
360 
032 

413 
636 
658 
067 


6,961,526 


1,460,566 

4,113,076 

3,450,016 

2,102,703 

274,461 

123,916 

364,032 

370,009 

667,545 


73,455 
67,601 
39,507 
846,820 
144,270 
288,912 

2,241,837 

576,011 

1,295,228 

671,276 
211,008 
1,232,155 
611,319 
724,268 

667,460 
396,541 
312,027 
180,054 
143,045 
234,670 
169,906 

17,566 

130,321 

26,522 

21,613 

36,407 

3,886 

6,759 

13,232 

20,146 

76,523 

20,572 

17,667 

9,153 

18,387 

68,389 

49,877 

227,379 

68,606 
40,076 
19,751 
114,747 
14,410 
26,117 
73,983 
12,320 

174,845 

79,336 

403,364 


1,117,093 

3,143,021 

3,110,784 

1,933,117 

233,871 

131,048 

285, 781 

266,255 

411,310 


58,306 
53,282 
38,239 
650,604 
104,087 
212,485 

1,761,868 
402,893 
978,260 

612,518 
215,785 
1,070,211 
533,647 
678,723 

697,800 
419, 123 
319,110 
102,680 
110,915 
221,983 
161,506 

14,767 

119, 188 

22,449 

17,099 

^6,838 

3,321 

5,936 

12,006 

12,267 

86,236 
21,281 
15,186 
8,345 

15,199 
63,317 
^24,683 
182,682 

46,246 
23,373 
15,450 
79,692 

9,677 
15,466 
69,204 

7,147 

79,422 

49,058 

282,830 


Mixed  parentage. 


1910 


592, 

1,478, 

1,658, 

1,112, 

165. 

91, 

241, 

246, 

390, 


61,500 
36,516 
35,548 
323,627 
60,376 
85,577 

765,411 
201,786 
511,039 

353,118 
139,543 
491,692 
353,563 
320,503 

273,676 
236,640 
206,174 
71,182 
74,446 
127,683 
122,199 

8,307 
61,517 
18,544 
16,330 
22,231 
4,965 
5,378 
12,440 
15,680 

48,181 
17,795 
14,750 
10,336 

18,221 
44,328 
44,167 
134,536 

38,203 
36,120 
12,753 
66,681 
11,921 
16,059 
57,544 
8,631 

107,683 
55,902 
232,525 


1900 


6,013,737 


461,951 
259, 146 
490,956 
940,692 
155,990 
98,343 
192,330 
170, 138 
244,191 


47,903 
26,934 
34,457 
246,692 
36,205 
60,760 

653,977 
153,401 
451,768 


Foreign  bom. 


1910  1900 


13,340,545 


1,814,386 

4,826,179 

3,067,220 

1,613,231 

280,555 

88,857 

348,769 

436,910 

861,448 


110, 133 
96,558 
49,861 
1,051,050 
178,026 
328,759 

2,729,272 

658,188 

1,438,719 


338,3461  697,245 
148,662|  150,322 
428,262^  1,202,560 
298,106  595,524 
277,680   512,569 


208,521 
232,694 
205,084 
30,631 
45,279 
103,902 
114,681 

7,452 
60,043 
15,490 
15,476 
22,035 
6,077 
5,734 
12,907 
11,777 

52,527 
19,683 
14,970 
11,163 

17,527 
44,480 
23,579 
106,744 

24,727 
19,381 

9,037 
47,544 

8,240 
10,212 
46,431 

4,566 

49,689 
35,538 
158,964 


543,010 
273,484 
228,896 
156, 158 
100,628 
175,866 
135, 190 

17,420 
104,174 
24,351 
26,628 
57,072 
5,942 
6,054 
15,072 
33,842 

40,053 
18,459 
18,956 
9,389 

16,909 

51,782 

40,084 

239,984 

91,644 
40,427 
27,118 
126,851 
22,654 
46,824 
63,393 
17,999 

241,197 
103,001 
617,250 


10,313,117 


>  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


84 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


PERCENTAGE  OF  NEGROES  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910. 


COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE.  85 

PERCENTAGE  OF  NATIVE  WHITES  OF  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES  AND  NATIVE  WHITES  OF  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE 

COMBINED  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910. 


86  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE— PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION ,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES :  1910  AND  1900. 


TaMe  14 


DIViaiON  AND  STATE. 


TTnlted  States 

GEOGEApmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

MountBin 

Pacific 

New  Enqland: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey ' 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia , 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma' 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacihc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION. 


White. 


1910      1900 


88.9 


97.7 
98.2 
97.5 
66.2 
68.4 
76.5 
95.7 
96.0 


99.7 
99.8 
99.5 
98.8 
98.1 
9^6 

98.4 
96.4 
97.4 

97.6 
97.7 
98.0 
99.1 
99.4 

99.2 
99.3 
95.2 
98.8 
96.6 
99.0 
96.7 

84.6 
82.0 
71.3 
67.4 
94.7 
68.0 
44.8 
54.9 
58.9 

88.6 
78.3 
57.5 
43.7 

71.8 
56.8 
87.2 
82.2 

95.9 
98.0 
96.1 
98.0 
93.1 
83.9 
98.2 
90.7 

97.1 
97.4 
95.0 


87.9 


98.8 
97.8 
98.3 
97.3 
64.2 
66.8 
73.0 
94.3 
94.9 


99.7 
99.8 
99.7 
98.7 
97.8 
98.2 

98.4 
96.2 
97.5 

97.7 
97.7 
98.2 
99.1 
99.5 

99.2 
99.4 
94.8 
97.7 
94.8 
99.1 
96.3 

83.4 
80.2 
68.7 
64.3 
95.5 
66.7 
41.6 
63.3 
56.3 

86.7 
76.2 
54.7 
41.3 

72.0 
52.8 
84.8 
79.6 

93.0 
95.5 
96.2 
98.0 
92.3 
76.6 
98.5 
83.6 

95.8 
95.4 
94.5 


Negro. 


1910    1900 


10.7 


1.0 

2.2 

1.6 

2.1 

33.7 

31.5 

22.6 

0.8 

0.7 


0.2 
0.1 
0.5 
1.1 
1.8 
1.4 

1.5 
3.5 
2.5 

2.3 
2.2 
1.9 
0.6 
0.1 

0.3 
0.7 
4.8 
0.1 
0.1 
0.6 
3.2 

15.4 
17.9 
28.5 
32.6 
5.3 
31.6 
55.2 
45.1 
41.0 

11.4 
21.7 
42.5 
56.2 

28.1 
43.1 
8.3 
17.7 

0.5 
0.2 
1.5 
1.4 
0.5 
1.0 
0.3 
0.6 

0.5 
0.2 
0.9 


11.6 


1.1 

2.1 

1.6 

2.3 

35.7 

33.1 

25.9 

0.9 

0.6 


0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
1.1 
2.1 
1.7 

1.4 
3.7 
2.5 

2.3 
2.3 
1.8 
0.7 
0.1 

0.3 
0.6 
5.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.6 
3.5 

16.6 
19.8 
31.1 
35.6 
4.5 
33.0 
58.4 
46.7 
43.7 

13.3 
23.8 
45.2 
58.5 

28.0 

47.1 

7.0 

20.4 

0.6 
0.2 
1.0 
1.6 
0.8 
1.6 
0.2 
0.3 

0.5 
0.3 
0.7 


Indian,  Chi- 
nese, Japa- 
nese, and 
all  other. 


1910    1900 


0.4 


0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 
0.1 

(0 

0.9 
3.5 
3.3 


0.1 

(') 

C) 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 

0.1 
0.1 

(1) 
(0 
(1) 

0.3 
0.4 

0.5 
(0 
(1) 
1.1 
3.3 
0.4 
0.2 

(') 
(') 
0.1 
0) 
(0 

0.4 
C) 
(1) 
(1) 

0) 

0.1 

(>) 

0.1 

4.5 
0) 

3.6 
1.8 
2.3 
0.5 
6.4 
15.1 
1.5 
8.7 

2.3 
2.4 
4.0 


0.5 


0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 
0.1 
(I) 
1.0 
4.7 
4.5 


0.1 
(■) 
(') 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 

0.2 
0.1 
0.1 

(0 
0) 
C) 

0.3 
0.4 

0.5 
(0 
(') 
2.2 
5.1 
0.3 
0.1 

0) 

0) 

0.2 

(') 

« 

0.3 

(') 

(') 

0.1 

(0 
(') 
(') 
0.2 

(I) 
0.1 
8.2 
(') 

6.4 
4.3 
2.7 
0.4 
6.9 

22.9 
1.3 

16.1 

3.7 
4.3 
4.8 


Native  white. 


Total. 


1910      1900 


71.2 
72.8 
81.4 
83.7 
63.8 
67.4 
72.5 
79.1 
75.4 


84.8 
77.4 
85.5 
67.5 
65.3 
69.1 

68.4 
70.5 

78.7 

85.1 
91.8 

76.7 
77.9 
77.5 

73.0 
87.0 
88.2 
71.7 
79.3 
84.2 
88.7 

76.0 
74.0 
64.0 
66.1 
90.1 
67.7 
44.4 
54.3 
54.4 

86.8 
77.5 
56.6 
43.2 

70.8 
63.7 
84.8 
76.1 

71.5 
85.6 
77.6 
82.2 
86.1 
61.0 
81.2 
68.7 

76.0 
82.1 
73.3 


74.5 


73.1 
76.4 
81.9 
82.5 
62.2 
65.7 
69.0 
77.1 
75.4 


86.3 
78.4 
86.7 
68.8 
66.6 
72.1 

72.5 
73.4 
81.9 

86.6 
92.1 
78.2 
76.8 
74.5 

70.3 
85.7 
87.8 
62.4 
72.8 
82.5 
87.7 

75.9 
72.3 
61.7 
63.3 
93.1 
66.5 
41.2 
52.8 
52.6 

84.4 
75.4 
54.0 
40.8 

70.9 
49.1 
82.2 
73.8 

67.4 
82.0 
78.3 
81.3 
85.5 
57.4 
79.4 
63.4 

76.1 
82.4 
73.1 


Native 
parentage. 


1910      1900 


53.8 


39.9 
43.8 
53.4 
56.1 
60.2 
64.8 
65.7 
55.7 
60.3 


66.7 
53.5 
64.4 
32.8 
29.6 
35.5 

35.4 
39.8 
55.1 

63.6 
78.9 
46.1 
43.6 
32.7 

27.7 
58.6 
72.5 
28.2 
42.1 
53.9 
71.4 

63.2 
59.2 
50.4 
64.3 
85.3 
67.3 
43.7 
53.3 
49.7 

81.4 
75.7 
55.1 
42.1 

68.4 
46.9 
79.1 
66.8 

43.1 
62.5 
55.3 
59.6 
78.1 
40.4 
46.0 
43.1 

51.3 
62.0 
46.6 


53.9 


44.9 
47.9 
53.1 
64.7 
68.5 
62.6 
61.7 
51.1 
48.2 


71.0 
58.9 
66.6 
36.8 
33.8 
41.0 

39.2 
43.8 
69.2 

63.8 
77.6 
47.1 
42.4 
28.3 

24.3 
66.6 
71.0 
20.6 
33.9 
61.9 


63.9 
67.2 
48.1 
61.5 
88.0 
66.0 
40.3 
51.6 
48.1 

77.9 
73.3 
62.3 
39.6 

68.4 
41.3 
76.1 
64.3 

38.2 
55.6 
51.9 
57.7 
76.3 
36.5 
37.6 
35.7 

61.2 
61.9 
43.4 


Foreign  or 
mixed  par. 


1910      1900 


20.5 


31.3 

28.9 

28.0 

27.6 

3.6 

2.6 

6.9 

23.4 

25.1 


18.2 
23.9 
21.1 
34.8 
35.9 
33.6 

33.0 
30.7 
23.6 

21.6 
13.0 
30.6 
34.3 
44.8 

45.3 
28.4 
15.7 
43.5 
37.2 
30.4 
17.3 

12.8 
14.8 
13.6 
1.8 
4.7 
0.4 
0.7 
1.0 
4.8 

5.4 
1.8 
1.6 
1.1 

2.3 
6.8 
6.7 
9.3 

28.4 
23.1 
22.3 
22.7 
8.0 
20.6 
35.2 
25.6 

24.7 
20.1 
26.7 


28.2 

28.5 

28.8 

27.8 

3.7 

3.0 

7.3 

26.1 

27.1 


15.3 
19.5 
21.2 
32.0 
32.7 
31.1 

33.2 
29.6 
22.7 

22.9 
14.6 
31.1 
34.4 
46.2 

46.0 
29.2 
16.9 
41.8 
38.9 
30.6 
18.8 

12.0 
15.1 
13.6 
1.8 
5.1 
0.4 
0.9 
1.1 
4.5 

6.5 
2.0 
1.6 
1.3 

2.5 
7.8 
6.1 
9.5 

29.2 
26.4 
26.6 
23.6 
9.2 
20.9 
41.8 
27.7 

24.9 
20.5 
29.7 


Foreign-bom 
white. 


1910      1900 


27.7 

25.0 

16.8 

13.9 

2.4 

1.0 

4.0 

16.6 

20.5 


14.8 
22.4 
14.0 
31.2 
32.8 
29.5 

29.9 
26.9 
18.8 

12.5 
5.9 
21.3 
21.2 
22.0 

26.2 
12.3 

7.0 
27.1 
17.2 
14.8 

8.0 


8.0 
7.4 
1.3 
4.7 
0.3 
0.4 
0.6 
4.6 

1.7 
0.8 
0.9 
0.6 

1.1 
3.1 
2.4 
6.2 

24.4 
12.4 
18.6 
16.9 
6.9 
22.9 
17.0 
22.0 

21.1 
15.3 
21.8 


13.4 


25.7 

21.4 

16.4 

14.8 

2.0 

1.2 

4.0 

17.2 

19.6 


13.4 
21.4 
13.0 
29.9 
31.2 
26.1 

26.0 
22.8 
15.6 

11.0 
5.6 
20.0 
22.3 
24.9 

28.8 
13.7 

6.9 
35.3 
22.0 
16.6 

8.6 

7.4 
7.8 
7.0 
1.0 
2.3 
0.2 
0.4 
0.5 
3.6 

2.3 
0.9 
0.8 
0.5 

1.1 
3.8 
2.6 
5.8 

25.6 
13.6 
17.9 
16.8 
6.8 
18.2 
19.1 
20.3 

19.7 
13.0 
21.3 


Total  native 
(all  races). 


1910      1900 


85.3 


72.1 
74.9 
83.2 
86.1 
97.6 
99.0 
96.0 
82.8 
77.2 


85.1 
77.5 
86.0 
68.6 
67.0 
70.4 


74.0 
81.2 

87.4 
94.1 
78.6 
78.7 
78.0 

73.8 
87.7 
93.0 
72.9 
82.7 
85.2 
92.0 

91.4 
91.9 
92.5 
98.7 
95.3 
99.7 
99.6 
99.4 
94.6 

98.2 
99.1 
99.1 
99.5 


96.8 
97.6 
93.8 

74.8 
86.9 
80.1 
83.8 
92.9* 
76.1 
82.4 
75.9 

77.6 
83.2 
75.3 


86.4 


74.2 
78.6 
83.6 
86.2 
97.9 
98.8 
95.9 
82.0 
77.5 


86.6 
78.6 
87.0 
69.8 
68.6 
73.8 

73.9 
77.1 
84.4 

89.0 
94.4 
79.9 
77.6 
75.1 

71.1 
86.3 
93.0 
64.6 
78.0 
83.4 
91.4 

92.6 
92.1 
92.8 
99.0 
97.7 
99.8 
99.6 
99.4 
95.5 

97.7 
99.1 
99.2 
99.5 

98.9 
96.2 
97.4 
94.1 

72.4 
84.8 
81.2 
83.1 
93.0 
80.3 
80.6 
76,2 

78.6 
84.1 
75.3 


Total 
foreign  bom 
(all  races). 


COLOR  OR  RACE,   NATIVITY,   AND   PARENTAGE. 


87 


The  distribution  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage  of  the  population  of  each  division  and 
state  in  1910  and  1900  is  shown  by  percentages  in 
Table  14.  The  figures  for  1910  may  be  more  readily 
grasped  by  means  of  the  accompanying  diagram  and 
the  four  maps  on  pages  84  and  85. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE:  1910. 


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NATIVE  WHITE  -  FOREIQN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE 


NEGRO  AND  ALL   OTHER 


Table  15,  derived  from  Table  14,  presents  percent- 
ages for  1910  for  each  division  and  for  each  of  the 
three  great  geographic  sections,  the  North,  the  South, 
and  the  West. 


Table  15 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910 

White. 

Negro. 

Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 
and 
aU 
other. 

Native  white. 

SECTION  AND  DIVISION. 

Native 
parent- 
age. 

Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 

For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 

United  States 

88.9 

10.7 

0.4 

53.8 

20.6 

14.5 

The  Worth 

98.0 
98.9 
97.7 
98.2 
97.5 

69.9 
66.2 
68.4 
76.5 

95.9 
95.7 
96.0 

1.8 
1.0 
2.2 
1.6 
2.1 

29.8 
33.7 
31.6 
22.6 

0.7 
0.8 
0.7 

0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 

0.3 
0.1 

^0>9 

3.4 
3.5 
3.3 

49.1 
39.9 
43.8 
53.4 
56.1 

63.2 
60.2 
64.8 
65.7 

52.4 
55.7 
60.3 

28.6 
31.3 
28.9 
28.0 
27.6 

4.3 
3.6 
2.6 
6.9 

24.5 
23.4 
25.1 

20.3 

New  England 

27.7 

Middle  Atlantic 

25.0 

East  North  Central 

16.8 

West  North  Central 

The  Soath 

13.9 
2.5 

South  Atlantic 

2.4 

East  South  Central 

1.0 

West  South  Central 

The  West 

4.0 
19.0 

Mountain 

16.6 

Paclflc 

20.5 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

In  1910  whites  constituted  98  per  cent  of  the  total 
population  in  the  North,  95.9  per  cent  in  the  West, 
and  69.9  per  cent  in  the  South.  The  nonwhite  popu- 
lation in  the  North  and  in  the  South  consists  chiefly  of 
negroes,  but  in  the  West  it  consists  chiefly  of  Indians, 
Chinese,  and  Japanese. 

Among  the  nine  geographic  divisions  the  proportion 
of  whites  in  1910  was  highest  in  New  England  (98.9 
per  cent)  and  lowest  in  the  South  Atlantic  division 
(66.2  per  cent);  among  the  individual  states  it  was 
liighest  in  New  Hampshire  (99.8  per  cent)  and  lowest 
in  Mississippi  and  South  Carolina,  the  only  states 
where  whites  constituted  less  than  one-half  of  the 
population. 

Native  whites  of  native  parentage  constituted  in  1910 
approximately  one-half  of  the  total  population  of  the 
North  (49.1  per  cent)  and  of  the  West  (52.4  percent), 
but  in  the  South  they  constituted  a  little  over  five- 
eighths  (63.2  per  cent)  of  the  total.  Native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage  formed  28.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  population  in  the  North,  24.5  per  cent  in  the 
West,  and  only  4.3  per  cent  in  the  South.  Foreign- 
bom  whites  constituted  a  much  larger  proportion  in  the 
North  (20.3  per  cent)  and  in  the  West  (19  per  cent) 
than  in  the  South  (2.5  per  cent). 

Considering  the  nine  geographic  divisions,  the  pro- 
portion of  native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  the 
total  population  was  highest  in  the  West  South  Central 
division  (65.7  per  cent),  but  was  approximately  the 
same  in  the  East  South  Central  (64.8  per  cent);  it 
was  lowest  in  New  England  (39.9  per  cent).  On  the 
other  hand,  the  proportion  of  native  whites  of  foreign 
or  mixed  parentage  was  highest  in  New  England 
(31.3  per  cent)  and  lowest  in  the  East  South  Central 
division  (2.6  per  cent).  These  same  two  divisions, 
likewise,  ranked  highest  and  lowest,  respectively,  in 
the  proportion  of  foreign-bom  whites  (27.7  per  cent 
and  1  per  cent  of  their  total  population,  respectively). 

Table  14  also  shows  the  composition  of  the  popula- 
tion of  each  division  and  state  in  1910  in  comparison 


88 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


with  that  in  1900.  For  the  nine  geographic  divisions 
the  changes  which  have  taken  place  are  shown  in  the 
accompanying  diagram. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND    PARENTAGE:   1910 
AND  1900. 

PER  CENT 
O    10   20   30   40   60   60   70   80   eo   100 


UNITED  STATES 


NEW  ENGLAND 


MID.  ATLANTIC 


E.  NO.  CENTRAL 


W.  NO.  CENTRAL 


SO.  ATLANTIC 


E.  SO.  CENTRAL 


W.  SO.  CENTRAL 


MOUNTAIN 


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NATIVE  WHITE  -  FOREIGN   OR   MIXED    PARENTAGE      HH    NEGRO  AND   ALL   OTHER 


Comparing  the  percentages  for  1910  with  those  for 
1900,  as  shown  in  Table  14,  it  appears  that  whites 
formed  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  population  in 
1910  than  in  1900  in  each  geograpliic  division  except 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  the  East  North  Central,  in 
both  of  which  the  change  in  the  other  direction  was 
insignificant.  In  every  Southern  state  except  West 
Virginia  and  Arkansas  the  proportion  of  whites  was 
appreciably  higher  in  1910  than  in  1900. 

Of  the  total  population  of  the  United  States,  53.8 
per  cent  were  native  whites  of  native  parentage  in 
1910  and  53.9  per  cent  in  1900.  But  while  the  per- 
centage remained  practically  unchanged  for  the  coun- 
try as  a  whole,  it  decreased  in  every  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  state  and  also  in  Ohio,  Illinois, 
Delaware,  and  West  Virginia.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage 
constituted  a  greater  proportion  of  tiie  population  in 
1910  than  in  1900  in  most  of  the  states  of  the  New 
England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions,  while  the 
proportion  declined  or  remained  unchanged  in  every 


state  outside  of  these  two  divisions  except  North 
Dakota,  Delaware,  and  Florida.  The  foreign-born 
whites  formed  a  larger  proportion  of  the  population 
in  1910  than  in  1900  m  the  New  England,  Middle 
Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  South  Atlantic,  and 
Pacific  divisions,  but  a  smaller  proportion  in  the  West 
North  Central,  East  South  Central,  and  Moimtain 
divisions.  The  slight  changes  in  the  small  percentages 
of  foreign-bom  Whites  in  the  southern  divisions,  how- 
ever, are  not  especially  significant.  The  increase  in 
the  proportion  of  foreign-bom  whites  was  most  marked 
in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  (from  21.4  per  cent 
in  1900  to  25  per  cent  in  1910).  The  proportion 
was,  however,  even  somewhat  higher  in  New  Eng- 
land, although  the  change  between  1900  and  1910 
(from  25.7  to  27.7  per  cent)  was  less.  The  increase 
in  the  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites  was  greatest 
in  Arizona  (from  18.2  per  cent  in  1900  to  22.9  in 
1910),  New  York  (from  26  per  cent  to  29.9  per  cent), 
Connecticut  (from  26.1  to  29.5),  Pennsylvania  (from 
15.6  to  18.8),  and  New  Jersey  (from  22.8  to  25.9). 

In  Table  14  are  given  also  the  percentages  native 
and  foreign  born  in  the  aggregate  population.  As 
already  stated,  practically  all  negroes  and  Indians  are 
native,  while  most  of  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  are 
foreign  born.  Except,  however,  in  the  South  and  in 
some  Western  states  the  colored  elements  in  the  popu- 
lation are  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  make  the 
percentages  for  the  total  native  and  total  foreign-born 
population  differ  materially  from  the  percentages  for 
the  native  white  and  foreign-born  white.  These  differ- 
ences are  easily  interpreted  if  the  geographic  distribu- 
tion of  the  colored  elements  is  kept  in  mind. 

Broadly  speaking,  the  percentage  of  foreign  born 
has  increased  in  the  East  and  the  far  West  but  declined 
or  remained  practically  stationary  in  the  central  and 
southern  portions  of  the  United  States. 

White  population  by  nativity  and  parentage. — Table 
16  shows  for  each  division  and  state  in  1910  and  1900 
the  percentage  of  the  total  white  population  repre- 
sented by  each  nativity  or  parentage  group. 

Naturally  in  those  sections  of  the  coimtry  where  the 
population  is  almost  all  white  the  difference  between 
the  percentage  which  any  class  of  the  white  popula- 
tion forms  of  the  total  population  and  the  percentage 
which  it  forms  of  the  white  population  is  inappreciable. 
In  the  South,  however,  the  difference  is  very  marked. 
In  the  South  Atlantic  division  the  native  whites  of 
native  parentage  in  1910  constituted  60.2  per  cent  of 
the  total  population,  but  91  per  cent  of  the  white  popu- 
lation. In  the  East  South  Central  division  the  per- 
centages were  64.8  and  94.8,  respectively;  in  the  West 
South  Central,  65.7  and  85.8.  Of  the  wliite  population 
of  North  Carolina  in  1910,  99  per  cent  were  natives  of 
native   parentage,   the    corresponding   percentage   in 


COLOR  OR  RACE,   NATIVITY,   AND  PARENTAGE. 


89 


South  Carolina  being  97.5;  in  Georgia,  97.2;  in  Ten- 
nessee, 96.7;  in  Mississippi,  96.3;  in  Alabama,  95.8; 
in  Virginia,  95.4;  and  in  Arkansas,  95.3. 


Table  16 


DIVISION  AKD  STATE. 


ITnlt«d  States. 


Geographic  divisions: 

New  E  ngland 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England:  . 

Maine ." 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut , 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noetii  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dalcota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

.   Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma' 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montsoia 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arixona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Paotic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Caluomia 


PER  CENT  of  total  WHITE  POPULATION. 


Total. 


1910 


83.7 


72.0 
74.4 
82.9 
85.8 
96.4 
98.5 
94.8 
82.7 
78.6 


85.1 
77.5 
85.9 
68.4 
66.6 
70.1 

69.6 
73.1 
80.7 

87.2 
94.0 
78.2 
78.6 
77.9 

73.6 
87.6 
92.7 
72.6 
82.2 
85.1 
91.7 

89.8 
90.2 
89.7 
98.1 
95.1 
99.6 
99.1 
98.9 
92.4 

98.0 
98.9 
98.5 


98.5 
94.5 
97.2 
92.5 

74.6 
87.3 
80.7 
83.8 
92.6 
72.7 
82.7 
75.8 

78.3 
84.3 

77.1 


1900 


M.7 


74.0 
78.1 
83.3 
84.8 
96.9 
98.2 
94.5 
81.7 
79.4 


86.6 
78.6 
87.0 
69.7 
68.1 
73.4 

73.6 
76.3 
84.0 

88.7 
94.2 
79.6 
77.5 
74.9 

70.9 
86.2 
92.7 
63.9 
76.8 
83.2 
91.1 

91.1 
90.2 
89.8 
98.4 
97.6 
99.7 
99.0 
99.0 
93.5 

97.3 
98.9 
98.6 
98.8 

98.5 
92.9 
97.0 
92.7 

72.4 
85.8 
81.4 
82.9 
92.6 
75.9 
80.6 
75.8 

79.4 
86.3 
77.4 


Native 
parentage. 


1910 


60.6 


40.3 
44.8 
54.4 
57.5 
91.0 
94.8 
85.8 
68.2 
52.4 


66.9 
53.6 
64.7 
33.2 
30.0 
36.0 

36.0 
41.3 
50.5 

65.2 
80.7 
47.1 
44.0 
32.9 

27.9 
59.0 
76.2 
28.5 
43.6 
54.4 
73.9 

74.7 
72.1 
70.6 
95.4 
90.1 
99.0 
97.5 
97.2 
84.3 

91.9 
96.7 
95.8 
96.3 

95.3 
82.5 
90.7 
81.2 

45.0 
63.8 
57.5 
60.6 
83.9 
48.1 
46.8 
47.6 

52.8 
63.6 
49.0 


61.3 


45.4 
49.0 
54.0 
56.2 
91.1 
93.7 
84.4 
54.1 
50.8 


71.2 
59.1 
65.8 
37.3 
34.6 
41.8 

39.8 
45.6 
60.7 

65.3 
79.4 
48.0 
42.8 
28.5 

34.5 

56.8 
74.9 
21.1 
35.8 
52.4 
71.6 

76.7 
71.4 
70.0 
95.7 
92.2 
99.0 
96.9 
96.9 
85.4 

89.9 
96.2 
95.6 
95.8 

95.0 
78.1 
89.8 
80.8 

41.1 
58.2 
53.9 
58.8 
82.7 
48.3 
38.2 
42.7 

53.4 
64.9 
45.9 


Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


23.1 


31.7 

29.6 

28.5 

28.3 

5.4 

3.7 

9.0 

24.5 

26.2 


18.2 
24.0 
21.2 
35.2 
36.6 
34.1 

33.5 
31.8 
24.2 

22.0 
13.3 
31.2 
34.6 
45.0 

45.7 
28.6 
16.5 
44.1 
38.6 
30.7 
17.9 

15.1 
18.1 
19.1 
2.7 
5.0 
0.6 
1.6 
1.8 
8.1 

6.1 
2.2 
2.6 
2.5 

3.2 
12.0 

6.5 
11.3 

29.6 
23.6 
23.2 
23.2 
8.6 
24.6 
35.9 
28.2 

25.5 
20.6 
28.1 


1900 


23.4 


28.6 
29.1 
29.3 
28.6 
5.8 
4.5 
10.0 
27.6 
28.6 


15.3 
19.5 
21.2 
32.4 
33.5 
31.6 

33.8 
30.7 
23.3 

23.4 
14.8 
31.6 
34.7 
46.5 

46.4 
29.4 
17.8 
42.8 
41.0 
30.8 
19.5 

14.4 
18.8 
19.8 
2.7 
5.3 
0.7 
2.1 
2.1 
8.1 

7.5 
2.7 
3.0 
3.0 

3.5 
14.8 

7.2 
11.9 

31.4 
27.7 
27.5 
24.1 
9.9 
27.6 
42.4 
33.1 

26.0 
21.4 
31.5 


Foreign 
bom. 


1910 


16.3 


28.0 

25.6 

17.1 

14.2 

3.6 

1.5 

6.2 

17.3 

21.4 


14.9 
22.5 
14.1 
31.6 
33.4 
29.9 

30.4 
26.9 
19.3 

12.8 
6.0 
21.8 
21.4 
22.1 

26.4 
12.4 

7.3 
27.4 
17.8 
14.9 

8.3 

10.2 
9.8 

10.3 
1.9 
4.9 
0.4 
0.9 
1.1 
7.6 

2.0 
1.1 
1.5 
1.2 

1.6 
6.6 
2.8 
7.6 

25.4 
12.7 
19.3 
16.2 
7.4 
27.3 
17.3 
24.2 

21.7 
15.7 
22.9 


1900 


15.3 


26.0 

21.9 

16.7 

15.2 

3.1 

1.8 

5.5 

18.3 

20.6 


13.4 
21.4 
13.0 
30.3 
31.9 
26.6 

26.4 
23.7 
16.0 

11.3 
6.8 
20.4 
22.5 
25.1 

29.1 
13.8 

7.3 
36.1 
23.2 
16.8 

8.9 

8.9 
9.8 
10.2 
1.6 
2.4 
0.3 
1.0 
1.0 
6.5 

2.7 
1.1 
1.4 
1.2 

1.6 
7.1 
3.0 
7.3 

27.6 
14.2 
18.6 

17.1 
7.4 
24.1 
19.4 
24.2 

20.6 
13.7 
22.6 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 

In  both  the  New  England  and  the  Middle  Atlantic 
divisions  the  native  wliites  of  native  parentage  con- 
stituted less  than  half  the  whole  number  of  white 
persons  in  1910.  In  Minnesota  only  27.9  per  cent,  or 
hardly  more  than  one-fourth,  of  the  total  white  popu- 
lation were  natives  of  native  parentage.    The  percent- 


age was  almost  as  low  in  North  Dakota,  where  it  was 
28.5;  in  Wisconsin  it  was  32.9.  Other  low  percentages 
were  found  in  the  East.  In  Rhode  Island  30  per  cent 
of  the  white  population  were  natives  of  native  parent- 
age; in  Massachusetts,  33.2  per  cent;  in  Connecticut, 
and  also  in  New  York,  36  per  cent.  These  are  all  the 
states  in  which  less  than  two-fifths  of  the  white  popula- 
tion were  natives  of  native  parentage.  There  are  also 
nine  other  states  where  the  native  whites  of  native  par- 
entage formed  less  than  half  the  white  population. 
In  several  states  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
were  exceeded  in  number  by  those  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage.  This  was  the  case  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Wisconsin,  Mionesota,  and  North  Dakota. 

Increase  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage. — 
The  absolute  and  relative  increase  during  the  decade 
1900-1910  is  shown  by  divisions  and  states  for  the 
principal  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  ele- 
ments in  Table  17.  * 

The  statistics  in  this  table  are  particularly  useful  in 
that  they  show  the  relative  increase  of  the  several 
elements  within  a  single  division  or  state.  Differ- 
ences among  divisions  or  states  with  reference  to  the 
rate  of  increase  for  any  given  class  may  result  merely 
from  the  general  differences  in  the  rate  at  which  the 
population  as  a  whole  is  increasing.  In  considering 
these  statistics  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
increase  in  any  given  class  by  no  means  represents 
exactly  the  natural  growth  by  excess  of  births  over 
deaths.  Aside  from  the  factors  which  have  already 
been  mentioned  as  contributing  to  the  growth  of  the 
several  elements,  particularly  the  white  elements,  in 
the  country  as  a  whole  (see  page  78),  the  growth  in 
individual  states  and  divisions  is  largely  affected  by 
interstate  and  inter-divisional  migration. 

Between  1900  and  1910  the  white  population 
increased  more  rapidly  than  the  negro  in  each  of  the 
three  southern  divisions,  where  negroes  are  most 
numerous,  and  also  in  the  New  England,  West  North 
Central,  and  Mountain  divisions.  In  the  Middle 
Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  and  Pacific  divisions, 
however,  the  negroes  increased  the  more  rapidly,  but 
in  the  Pacific  division  there  are  still  very  few  negroes. 
In  the  South  as  a  whole  the  white  population  increased 
from  16,521,970  to  20,547,420,  or  24.4  per  cent,  while 
the  negroes  increased  from  7,922,969  to  8,749,427,  or 
10.4  per  cent.  Migration  of  whites  to  the  South  and 
of  negroes  to  the  North  accounts  in  part  for  this  dif- 
ference. Many  of  the  individual  states  in  the  north- 
em  and  western  divisions  present  conditions  as  to  the 
relative  growth  of  the  white  and  negro  population  dif- 
fering from  those  shown  by  the  divisions  in  which 
the  states  are  located.  In  the  South,  however,  the  only 
states  where  the  negroes  increased  faster  than  the 
whites  were  Arkansas,  Oklahoma,  and  West  Virginia. 


90 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


INCREASE  BY  COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1900-1910. 
[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  17 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


ITuited  states. 


Oeographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England; 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nortb  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan „. 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota , 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North.  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma  ^ 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PACinc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Califomia 


Number.    ^«J 


15,977,691 


960,664 
3,861,214 
2,265,040 
1,290,498 
1,751,415 

862,144 
2,252,244 

958,860 
1,775,612 


21.0 


47,905 

18,984 

12,315 

561,070 

114,054 

206,336 

1,844,720 

653,498 

1,362,996 

609,576 
184,414 
817,041 
389,191 
264,818 

324,314 
-7,082 
186,670 
257,910 
182,318 
125,914 
220,454 

17,587 
107,302 

52, 351 
207,428 
262,319 
312,477 
175,084 
392,790 
224,077 

142,731 
164, 173 
309,396 
245,844 

262,885 
274,763 
866,764 
847,832 

132,724 
163,822 
53,434 
259,324 
131,991 
81,423 
96,602 
39,540 

623,887 
269,229 
892,496 


17.2 

25.0 

14.2 

12.5 

16, 

11.4 

34.5 

57.3 

73.5 


Number.    ^«J 


14,922,761 


6.9 

4.6 

3.6 

20.0 

26.6 

22.7 

25.4 
34.7 
21.6 

14.7 
7.3 
16.9 
16.1 
12.8 

18.5 
-0.3 
6.0 
80.8 
45.4 
11.8 
«15.0 

9.5 
9.0 
18.8 
11.2 
27.4 
16.5 
13.1 
17.7 
42.4 

6.6 
8.1 
16.9 
15.8 

20.0 

19.9 

109.7 

27.8 

54.5 
101.3 

57;  7 

48.0 
67.6 
66.2 
34.9 
93.4 

120.4 
62.7 
60.1 


953,488 
3,769,590 
2,217,569 
1,285,804 
1,365,545 

709,479 
1,950,426 

940,600 
1,730,260 


47,769 

19,115 

11,527 

555,162 

113,442 

206,473 

1,809,964 

633,577 

1,326,049 

594,693 
181,459 
792,089 
386,684 
262,644 

322,191 
-9,476 
190,089 
258,143 
183,057 
123,767 
218,033 

17,125 
110,215 

44,596 
196,954 
241,584 
236,908 
121,354 
250,508 
146,301 

165,642 
171,246 
227,680 
144,911 

186,446 
211,474 
774,327 
778, 179 

134,297 
164,726 
51,267 
254,369 
124,387 
78,565 
94, 118 
38,871 

612,807 
260,508 
856,946 


22.3 


Num-      Per 
ber.       cent. 


993,769 


17.3 
24.9 
14.1 
12.8 
20.4 
14.1 
40.9 
59.5 
75.4 


4.7 

3.4 

20.0 

27.1 

23.1 

25.3 
35.0 
21.6 

14.6 
7.4 
16.7 
16.1 
12.8 

18.5 
-0.4 
6.5 
82.8 
48.1 
11.7 
15.4 

ILl 
11.6 
23.3 
16.5 
26.4 
18.7 
21.8 
21.2 
49.2 


11.1 
22.7 
22.6 

19.7 
29.0 
115.5 
32. 

59.3 
106.6 
57.6 
48.1 
69.0 
84.6 
34.5 
109.8 

123.5 
66.0 
61.1 


7,207 

91,949 

42,994 

4,753 

383,471 

152,627 

290,360 

5,877 

14,531 


44 
-98 
795 
6,081 
437 
-52 

34,959 
19,916 
37,074 

14,551 
2,815 

23,971 

1,299 

358 

2,125 

2,280 

-3,782 

331 

352 

1,420 

2,027 

484 
-2,814 
7,744 
10,374 
20,674 
73,374 
53,522 
142, 174 
77,939 

-23,050 
-7,155 
80,975 
101,857 

76,035 
63,070 
81,928 
69,327 

311 

358 

1,295 

2,883 

18 

161 

472 

379 


11.2 


12.2 
28.2 
16.7 

2.0 
10.3 

6.1 
17.1 
37.7 
99.1 


INDIAN, 

CHINESE, 

JAPANESE, 

AND  ALL 

OTHER. 


Num-     Per      xt v«- 

ber.      cent.     Number. 


61,161 


3.3 

-14.8 

96.2 

19.0 

4.8 

-0.3 

35.2 
28.5 
23.6 

15.0 
4.9 

28.2 
8.2 

14.1 

42.9 
18.0 
-2.3 
115.7 
75.7 
22.7 
3.9 

L6 
-1.2 

8.9 

1.6 
47.5 
11.7 

6.8 
13.7 
33.8 

-ai 

-1.5 
9.8 
11.2 

20.7 

9.7 

147.1 

11.2 

20.4 

122.2 

137.8 

33.6 

1.1 

8.7 

70.2 

282.8 


-31 

-325 

4,477 

-59 

2, 

38 
11,458 
12,383 
30,821 


3,544   141.0 

387     35.0 

10,60q    96.0 


92 

-33 

-7 

-173 

175 

-85 

-203 

5 

-127 

332 

140 

981 

1,208 

1,816 

-2 
114 
363 
-564 
-1,091 
727 
394 

-22 

-99 

11 

100 

61 

2,195 

208 

108 

-163 

139 

82 

741 

-924 

404 

219 

10,509 

326 

-1,884 

-1,262 

872 

2,072 

7,586 

2,697 

2,012 

290 

7,536 
-1,666 
24,951 


-0.6 
-1.8 
25.3 
-0.1 
28.5 
1.3 
17.1 
15.6 
28.4 


10.0 

-24.4 


-4.8 

42.3 

-11.0 

-1.6 

0.3 

-3.5 

75.6 
30.8 
61.4 
18.3 
21.1 

(>) 
23.1 
61.7 
-7.9 
-5.4 
20.7 
18.1 


-17.8 
•2.3 
16.5 


38.3 

110.6 

48.2 

-34.0 

87.4 

43.9 

311.3 

-37.9 

315.6 
18.1 
16.3 
24.7 

-12.1 
-18.1 
34.3 
99.4 
56.2 
9.6 
55.7 
4.3 

39.1 
-9.3 
35.0 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Total. 


11,791,033 


575,974 
2,245,527 
1,770,646 
1,203,678 
1,283,873 

712,304 
1,865,677 

792,051 
1,341,303 


30,571 
10,518 
6,360 

344,226 
69,189 

115,110 

970,215 
405,439 
869,873 

455,348 
163,998 
554,164 
331,366 
265,780 

284,116 
22,822 
176,968 
214,575 
170,758 
125,019 
209,420 

13,434 
99,186 
39,765 
189,394 
206, 891 
235,360 
120, 671 
247,457 
131,716 

175,722 
170,373 
223,062 
143, 147 

183,723 
211,545 
754,633 
715,776 

105,026 
146, 189 
40, 731 
217,993 
114,994 
64, 136 
83,529 
29,453 


Per 
cent. 


20.8 


14.1 
19.0 
13.6 
14.1 
19.8 
14.4 
41.4 
61.3 
73.7 


5.1 
3.3 
2.1 
17.8 
24.3 
17.6 

18.4 
29.3 
16.9 

12.6 
7.1 
14.7 
17.8 
17.2 

23.1 
1.2 
6.5 
107.8 
58.4 
14.2 
16.2 


11.5 
23.1 
16.1 
23.2 
18.7 
21.8 
21.2 
47.4 

9.7 
11.2 
22.6 
22.6 

19.7 
31.2 
116.1 
31.8 

64.1 
110.2 
66.2 
49.7 
68.9 
76.8 
38.0 
109.8 


473,735  120.2 
211,368  62.0 
656, 20r)^    60.4 


Native 
parentage. 


Number. 


8,539,213 


102,309 
1,056,382 
1,263,962 

862,784 
1,233,891 

726,718 
1,738,505 

611,523 

943,149 


1,825 
-12,383 

4,001 
71,165 
14,835 
22,866 

378,812 
183,936 
493,634 

381,819 
177,894 
328,790 
198,127 
177,322 

149,301 
42,458 

182,  %1 
96,650 

109,461 
88,551 

193,402 

9,780 
86,678 
32,638 
184,025 
198, 126 
234,907 
121,204 
246,698 
119,935 

189,781 
172,970 
220,801 
143, 166 

179,841 
206, 625 
708,851 
643, 188 

69,190 
113,748 
32,714 
163,801 
106,580 
37,638 
67,637 
20,215 

320, 318 
160, 726 
462, 10  5 


int.    Number.  ^P«[    Number. 


20. 


4.1 
14.3 
14.9 
15.2 
20.2 
15.4 
43.2 
71.5 
80.9 


0.4 
-6.1 
1.8 
6.9 
10.2 
6.1 

13.3 
22.3 
13.2 


Foreign  or 
mixed  par. 


3,251,820 


473,665 
1,189,145 
606,694 
340,894 
49,982 
-14,414 
127,172 
180,528 
398,154 


35.1 
3.4 
8.3 
146.9 
80.4 
16.0 
19.1 

8.3 
12.7 
24.3 
16.1 
23.6 
18.8 
22.4 
21.6 
47.2 

11.3 
11.7 
23.1 
23.3 

20.0 
36.3 
117.8 
32.8 

74.4 
126.6 
68.2 
62.6 
71.5 
84.0 
65.0 
133.8 

120.8 
62.8 
71.7 


28,746 
22,901 
2,359 
273,061 
54,354 
92,244 

591,403 
221,503 
376,239 


14.4  73,629 

9.1  -13,896 

14.5,  225,374 

19.2  133,229 

30.3  88,458 


134,816 
-19,636 
-5,993 
117,926 
61,297 
36,468 
16,018 

3,654 

12,607 

7,127 

5,369 

8,765 

463 

-533 

759 

11,781 

-14,069 

-2,597 

2,261 

-19 

3,882 

4,920 

45,782 

72,588 

35,836 
32,441 

8,017 
64, 192 

8,414 
16,498 
15,892 

9,238 

153,417 
50,642 
194,096 


20.8 


30.0 
27.0 
11.0 
11.9 
12.8 
-6.3 
26.6 
41.4 
60.7 


27.1 
28.6 
3.2 
30.4 
38.7 
32.7 

24.5 

39 

26.3 

7.7 
-3.8 
15.0 
16.0 

9.2 

16.7 
-3.0 
-1.1 
88.5 
39.2 
11.2 
6.8 

16.4 

7.0 

18.8 

16.5 

17.9 

5.4 

-4.6 

3.0 

49.0 

-10.1 

-6.3 

7.5 

-0.1 

11.9 
4.6 
94.9 
25.1 

50.5 
75.9 
32.7 
42.6 
47.0 
64.2 
13.7 
78.9 

118.8 
59.9 
43.9 


rOREIGN-BORN 
WHITE. 


3,131,728 


377,514 
1,524,063 

446,923 
82,126 
81,672 

-2,825 
84,749 

148,549 

388,957 


17,198 
8,597 
6,167 
210,936 
44,253 
91,363 

839,749 
228,138 
456,176 

139,345 
17,461 

237,925 
56,328 

-3,136 

38,075 
-32,298 
13,121 
43,668 
12,299 
-1,252 
8,613 

3,691 
11,030 

4,831 

7,560 
34,693 

1,548 
683 

3,051 
14,585 

-10,080 

873 

4,618 

1,764 

2,723 

-71 

19,694 

62,403 

29,271 
18,537 
10,636 
36,376 

9,393 
24,429 
10,689 

9,418 

139,072 

49,140 

200,746 


Per 
cent. 


30.7 


26.3 
46.2 
17.1 
5.4 
39.1 
-3.2 
32.1 
51.5 
82.3 


18.5 
9.8 
11.6 
25.1 
33.1 
38.5 

44.4 
63.0 
46.4 

30.4 
12.3 
24.7 
10.2 
-0.6 

7.6 

-10.6 

6.1 

38.7 

13.9 

-0.7 

6.8 

26.9 
11.8 
24.7 
39.6 
155.0 
36.2 
12.7 
25.4 
75.7 

-20.1 

5.0 

32.2 

23.1 

19.2 
-0.1 
96.6 
35.1 

46.9 
84.7 
63.5 
40.2 
70.8 

109.1 
20.1 

109.8 

136.2 
91.2 
63.4 


COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 


91 


The  wliite  population  increased  during  the  decade 
1900-1910  in  every  state  except  Iowa,  and  there  were 
only  six  states — Kentucky,  Indiana,  Maine,  Missouri, 
New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont — in  which  the  increase 
was  less  than  10  per  cent.  The  negro  population 
decreased  in  Maryland,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and 
Missouri,  as  well  as  in  two  New  England  states.  Among 
the  Southern  states  with  a  considerable  negro  popu- 
lation the  highest  relative  increase  was  in  Oklahoma, 
147.1  per  cent,  as  compared  with  115.5  per  cent  for  the 
whites.  West  Virginia,  Florida,  and  Arkansas  showed 
high  percentages  of  increase  for  the  negroes,  while 
Louisiana,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Texas,  North  Carolina, 
And  Georgia,  all  with  a  large  negro  population,  showed 
percentages  of  increase  ranging  from  9.7  to  13.7,  or 
About  the  same  as  that  for  the  country  as  a  whole. 

During  the  decade  1900-1910  the  foreign-bom  white 
population  increased  by  a  greater  percentage  than  the 
native  white  in  the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic, 
East  North  Central,  South  Atlantic,  and  Pacific 
divisions.  The  opposite  was  the  case  in  the  four  other 
divisions;  an  actual  decrease  of  foreign-bom  whites 
occurred  in  the  East  South  Central  division.  In  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division  the  foreign-bom  whites 
increased  46.2  per  cent,  as  compared  with  19  per  cent 
for  the  native  whites.  Of  the  total  increase  in  the 
foreign-bom  whites  in  the  country  as  a  whole 
(3,131,728),  nearly  one-half  (1,524,063)  was  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division  and  most  of  the  remainder  in 
the  East  North  Central,  Pacific,  and  New  England 
divisions.  The  recent  immigration  has  been  very 
imequally  distributed  over  the  country. 

In  all  but  two  of  the  divisions  the  percentage  of 
increase  in  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  was 
materially  higher  than  that  in  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage;  in  the  East  South  Central 
division,  in  fact,  the  latter  decreased.  In  New  Eng- 
land, however,  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
increased  only  4.1  per  cent,  while  those  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage  increased  30  per  cent,  and  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division  the  corresponding  percentages 
of  increase  were  14.3  and  27,  respectively.  In  New 
Hampshire  there  was  an  actual  decrease  in  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage,  and  in  Vermont  and  Maine 
the  increase  was  very  slight. 

Very  few  individual  states  present  exceptions  to  the 
conditions  in  the  geographic  divisions  in  which  they 
are  located  with  respect  to  the  relative  rates  of  increase 
of  native  and  foreign-bom  whites,  or  the  relative  rates 
of  increase  of  native  whites  of  native  parentage  and 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

New  Hampshire  is  the  only  state  which  contained 
fewer  native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  1910  than 
in  1900,  but  in  Indiana,  Iowa,  Missouri,  South  Carolina, 
Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Mississippi  a  decrease  oc- 
curred in  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parent- 
age, and  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Kentucky ,  and 
Louisiana  the  foreign-bom  whites  decreased. 


TTRBAN  AND  RTTRAIi  POPXJI.ATION. 

Table  18  classifies  the  principal  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  classes  in  1910  as  urban  or  mral  for  each 
geographic  division,  and  further  distributes  the  urban 
population  by  classes  of  cities.  The  accompanying 
diagram  shows,  by  geograpliic  divisions,  the  relative 
importance  of  the  several  classes  of  population  in 
urban  and  rural  communities,  respectively. 

COLOR    OR    RACE,    NATIVITY,    AND    PARENTAGE    IN 
URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES:  1910. 

PER  CENT 
0         10      90       80       40       60       60       70        80       90      100 


UNITED  STATES 


NEW  ENGLAND 


MID.  ATLANTIC 


C.  NO. CENTRAL 


W.  NO.  CENTRAL 


SO.  ATLANTIC 


E.  SO.  CENTRAL 


W.  SO. CENTRAL 


PACIFIC 


URBAN 

wm!si;mmmmi^mw/y//A  i 

RURAL 

m'^///)mA'/M///MyX^^ 

W^jY.           1 

I 

URBAN 

w/yy/y^/y^^^i^'^^^^^^^^^^^'^y^^^^^ 

1 

1 

RURAL 

yMyyyy(yyyyyyyy^y^^^ 

1    1 

URBAN 

wsmmmmmm^^mi<////y:r/.  i 

RURAL 

m 

m. 

Wa 

y/A 

y//A 

y//A 

yyMm^^A 

J 

URBAN 

M 

m 

m 

y//} 

m 

m 

m^ 

W. 

f/j 

vA 

RURAL 

'm 

m 

y//y 

m 

y//A 

m 

m 

'm 

'm 

yA 

URBAN 

m 

m 

m 

Wa 

yA 

m 

m 

YA 

^^m 

RURAL 

m. 

'm 

y///^ 

Wa 

m 

m 

m 

^ 

m 

YA 

URBAN 

m 

w 

'm 

Wa 

m, 

M 

m 

■ 

RURAL 

m 

'm 

m 

'Wa 

Wa 

Wa 

^ 

1    1    1   1 

URBAN 

m> 

m 

Wa 

y//A 

yw 

m 

w: 

RURAL 

'm 

Wa 

W. 

Wa 

y//A 

Wa 

s%i 

1    1    1 

URBAN 

'm 

m 

mA 

y//A 

yw 

W^ 

m^ 

fx. 

RURAL 

Wa 

Wa 

WA 

y/A 

^ 

yw 

y/M 

1   1 

URBAN 

m 

V/\ 

y///A 

y///A 

w 

m 

m 

m 

fAVA 

RURAL 

y/zA 

y/zA 

yy/z 

yw 

y/A 

yy^ 

"m 

m 

7A'M 

URBAN 

'm 

'm 

m 

w 

m 

m 

M 

^^22^4 

RURAL 

m 

y//A 

m< 

Wa 

y/A 

m 

m 

Mi 

Y/ZA 

NATIVE  WHITE -NATIVE   PARENTAGE  [^Q    FOREIQN-BORN   WHITE 

NATIVE  WHITE -FOREION   OR   MIXED   PARENTAOE      HH    NEQRO  AND   ALL   OTHER 


There  is  in  the  country  as  a  whole  and  in  most  indi- 
vidual states  a  marked  difference  between  the  compo- 
sition of  the  urban  population  and  that  of  the  rural. 
Of  the  aggregate  urban  population — that  is,  the  popu- 
lation of  incorporated  places  of  2,500  inhabitants  or 
more,  including  New  England  towns  of  that  size — of 
the  United  States  in  1910,  41.9  per  cent  were  native 
whites  of  native  parentage,  29  per  cent  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  22.6  per  cent  foreign-bom 
whites,  and  6.3  per  cent  negroes.  In  the  rural  popula- 
tion, on  the  other  hand,  64. 1  per  cent  were  native  whites 
of  native  parentage,  only  13.3  per  cent  were  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  and  7.5  per  cent 
were  foreign-bom  whites,  while  negroes  constituted  14.5 
per  cent.  Thus  the  foreign-bom  whites  and  their  chil- 
dren constituted  fully  one-half  (51.6  per  cent)  of  the 
urban  population  and  only  about  one-fifth  of  the  rural 


92 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


COLOR  OR  "RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 

[The  term  cities  as  here  used  includes  incorporated  towns,  villages,  and  boroughs  and  also  New  England  towns.] 


Table  18 


DIVISION  AND  OASS  OF 
COMMUNITY. 


UKITED  STATES 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

aties  of  2,500  to  10,000. . 

aties  of  10,000  to  25,000. 

aties  of  26,000  to  100,000. 

aties  of  100,000  to  600,000. 

aties  of  600,000  and  over . 


Kew  England 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities . . . 
aties  of  2,500  to  10,000. . 
aties  of  10,000  to  25,000 
aties  of  25,000  to  100,000 
aties  cf  100,000  to  500,000 
aties  of  500,000  and  over 


Middle  Atlantic 

Rural  comniunities 

U  rban  communities , 

aties  of  2,500  to  10,000. 
aties  of  10,000  to  25,000 
aties  of  25,000  to  100,000 
aties  of  100,000  to  .500,000 
aties  of  500,000  and  over . 

East  North  Central . . . 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

aties  of  2,500  to  10,000. . 

aties  of  10,000  to  25,000. 

aties  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

aties  of  100,000  to  500,000 

aties  of  500,000  and  over. 

West  Korth  Central . . 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

aties  of  2,500  to  10,000. . 

atiesof  10,000  to  25,000. 

aties  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

aties  of  100,000  to  500,000 

Citiesof  500,000  and  over 


South  Atlantic 

Rural  communities 

Urban  comniunities 

Cities  of  2,500  to  10,000. . . 

Cities  of  10,000  to  25,000 . . 

Cities  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

Cities  of  100,000  to  500,000 

Cities  of  500,000  and  over 

East  South  Central. . 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

Cities  of  2,500  to  10,000 . . 
Cities  of  10,000  to  25,000 . 
Cities  of  25,000  to  100,000 
Cities  of  100,000  to  500,000 
Cities  of  500,000  and  over . 

West  South  Central. . 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

Cities  of  2,500  to  10,000. . . 

Cities  of  10,000  to  25,000 . . 

aties  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

Cities  of  100,000  to  500,000 

Cities  of  500,000  and  over 


Mountain 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

Cities  of  2,500  to  10,000. . . 

Cities  of  10,000  to  25,000. . 

Cities  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

Cities  of  100,000  to  500,000 

Citiesof  500,000 and  over 


Pacific 

Rural  communities 

Urban  communities 

Citiesof  2,500  to  10,000. . . 

CitiesoflO,000  to  25,000.. 

Cities  of  25,000  to  100,000. 

Cities  of  100,000  to  500,000 

Cities  of  500,000  and  over 


Total 
popula- 
tion. 


91,972,266 

49,348,883 
42,623,383 
8,470,359 
5,609,208 
8,241,678 
8,790,297 
11,511,841 


6,552,681 

1,097,336 

5,455,345 

1,273,821 

936,553 

1,637,987 

936,399 

670,585 


315, 892 

592,519 
723,373 
662,907 
349,807 
110,782 
750,081 
6,849,796 

18,260,621 

8,633,350 
9,617,271 
1,905,353 
1,396,143 
1,553,809 
2,016,020 
2,745,946 

11,637,921 

7,764,205 
3,873,716 
1,040,688 
455,439 
801,931 
888,629 
687,029 

12, 194, 895 

9,102,742 
3,092,153 
763,031 
444,714 
712,387 
613,536 
558,485 

8,409,901 
6,835,672 
1,574,229 
466,498 
220,364 
289,285 
698,082 


8,784.534 

6,827,078 
1,957,456 
626,986 
354,582 
636,814 
339,075 


2,633,517 

1,686,006 
947,611 
368,542 
144,593 
230,995 
213,381 


4,192,304 

1,809,975 

2,382,329 

372,634 

307,013 

267,688 

1,436,094 


Native. 


Total. 


68,386,412 

38,189,868 
30,196,544 
6,620,540 
4,207,860 
6,963,109 
6,173,049 
7,231,986 


4,666,128 

952,751 
3,713,377 
964,173 
671,760 
1,076,311 
586, 159 
414,974 

14,054,273 

4,729,829 
9,324,444 
1,315,678 
1,021,760 
1,565,483 
1,231,699 
4,189,824 

14,860,402 

7,668,041 
7,192,361 
1,608,792 
1,120,829 
1,236,466 
1,512,212 
1,714,062 

9,738,390 

6,663,994 
3,074,396 
876,686 
376,426 
646,914 
659,588 
516,782 

7,781,048 

5,791,814 
1,989,234 
486,473 
294,847 
424,548 
387,022 
396,344 

5,667,469 

4,660,661 
1,006,808 
300,220 
129,226 
193,778 
383,584 


6,372,732 

4;  993, 807 
1,378,925 
474,453 
242.865 
439,890 
221,717 


2,083,545 

1,332,585 
760,960 
293,898 
110,960 
177,972 
168,130 


3,162,425 

1,396,386 

1,766,039 

301,167 

239, 187 

202,747 

1,022,938 


Native 
parentage 


49,488,575 

31,638,931 
17,849,644 
4,872,584 
2,827,915 
3,779,057 
3,422,040 
2,948,048 


2,613,419 

765,935 
1,847,484 
601,409 
360,215 
499,545 
228,445 
157,870 

8,462,961 

3,744,498 
4,718,463 
890,992 
649,718 
962,505 
533,833 
1,681,415 

9,751,968 

5,737,299 
4,014,669 
1,143,785 
716,479 
772,422 
804,530 
577,453 

6,523,687 
4,539,360 
1,984,327 
642,133 
261,933 
446,011 
364,414 
269,836 

7,341,206 

6,666,386 
1,675,819 
460,255 
269,502 
356,760 
327.828 
261.474 

5,452,492 

4,595,666 
856,826 
279,464 
119,163 
164,682 
303,527 


6,767,449 
4,624,813 
1,142,636 
432,269 
211,387 
361,607 
147,473 


1,466,624 

974,796 
491,829 
207,075 
72,715 
106,094 
106,945 


Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


18,897,837 

6,550,937 
12,346,900 
1,747,956 
1,379,945 
2,184,052 
2,751,009 
4,283,938 


2,052,709 

186,816 
1,865,893 
362,764 
311,545 
576,766 
357,714 
257, 104 

5,591,312 

985,331 
4,605,981 
424,686 
372,042 
602,978 
697,866 
2,508,409 

5,108,434 

1,930,742 
3,177,692 
465,007 
404,350 
464,044 
707,682 
1,136,609 

3,214,703 
2,124,634 
1,090,069 
233,553 
114,493 
199,903 
295,174 
246,946 

439,843 

126,428 
313,416 
26,218 
25,345 
67,788 
69,194 
134,870 

214,977 

64,995 
149,982 
20,766 
10,063 
39,096 
80,067 


605,283 

368,994 
236,289 
42,184 
31,478 
88,383 
74,244 


2,108,770 

991,179 
1,117,591 
215,212 
166,803 
130,531 
605,046 


616,921 

357,790 
259,131 
86,823 
38,245 
72,878 
61,185 


1,053,655 

405,207 
648,448 
85,955 
72,384 
72,216 
417,893 


Foreign 
bom. 


13,345,545 

3,710,176 
9,635,369 
1,177,661 
978,718 
1,663,814 
1,944,068 
3,871,108 


1,814,386 

137,796 
1,676,590 
300,017 
258,382 
544,771 
332,698 
240,722 

4,826,179 

776,702 
4,049,477 
317,814 
294,400 
491,301 
495,245 
2,450,717 

3,067,220 

877,929 
2,189,291 
257,922 
244,097 
276,268 
435,084 
976,920 

1,613,231 

981,535 
631,696 
129,684 
56,046 
125,403 
194,857 
125,706 

290,555 

98,799 
191,756 
20,766 
14,536 
46,667 
32,846 
77.043 

86,857 
28,925 
57,932 

7,827 

4,' 
13.301 
32,696 


348,759 
211,951 
136,808 
23,229 
21,852 
64,041 
27,686 


436,910 

263,579 
173,331 
68,666 
28,043 
47,681 
38,941 


861,448 

332,960 

528,488 

61,737 

67,155 

56,481 

364,116 


Negro. 


9,827,763 

7,138,534 
2,689,229 
655,266 
408,362 
602,040 
626,946 
396,615 


66,306 

5,429 
60,877 
8,922 
5," 
15,777 
16,645 
13,564 

417,870 

78,624 
339,246 
28,783 
33, 162 
53,156 
22,354 
201,791 

300,836 

70,294 
230,542 
37,859 
30,471 
41,362 
68,299 
62,651 

242, 662 

78,361 
164,301 
34,525 
22,013 
30,075 
33,728 
43,960 

4,112,488 

3,202,968 
909.520 
256.571 
136,206 
240,913 
193,081 
84.749 

2,662,513 
2,143.416 
509,097 
158, 278 
86,884 
82,144 
181,791 


1,984,426 

1,548.588 
435.838 
125.667 

89,115 
131,794 

89,262 


21,467 

6,021 
15,446 
3.466 
2,779 
3,786 
6,426 


Indian, 
Chi- 
nese, 
.Tapa- 
nese, 
and  all 
other. 


412,546 

310,305 
102,241 
16,892 
14,268 
12,715 
46,234 
12, 132 


5,861 

1,360 

4,501 

709 

442 

1,128 

897 

1,325 

17,570 

7,364 
10,206 
632 
485 
842 
783 

7,464 

22,163 

17,086 
5,077 
780 
746 
713 
425 
2,413 

43,638 
40,315 
3,323 
793 
954 
539 
456 
581 

10,804 

9,161 
1,643 
222 
126 
359 
687 
349 

3,062 

2,670 
392 
173 
46 
62 
111 


78, 617 

72,732 

5.885 

3,636 

750 

1, 

410 


91,595 

83,821 
7,774 
2,522 
2,811 
1,567 
884 


29,195   139,236 

4,833;     75,796 


24,3621 
2,205 
2,763! 
3,034i 

16,360 


63,440 
7,425 
7,908 
6,426 

41,681 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL 
POPULATION. 


White. 


Native. 


63.8 

64.1 
41.9 
57.5 
50.4 
45.9 
38.9 
25.6 


39.9 

69.8 
33.9 
47.2 
38.5 
30.5 
24.4 
23.5 

43.8 

67.0 
34.4 
53.6 
48.1 
45.6 
30.5 
24.5 

53.4 

66.5 
41.7 
60.0 
51.3 
49.7 
39.9 
21.0 

56.1 

58.6 
51.2 
61.7 
57.5 
55.6 
41.0 
39. 

SO.  2 

62.2 
64.2 
60.3 
60.6 
60.1 
63.4 
46.8 

64.8 

67.2 
64.4 
59.9 
64.1 
53.5 
50.8 


65.7 

67.7 
68.4 
68.9 
69.6 
65.2 
43.5 


55.7 

57.8 
51.9 
67.8 
50.3 
45.6 
50.1 


50.3 

54.8 
46.9 
57.8 
64.3 
48.8 
42.2 


20.5 
13.3 
29.0 
20.6 
24.6 
26.5 
31.3 
37.2 


31.3 

17.0 
34.2 
28.5 
33.3 
35.2 
38.2 
38.3 

28.9 

17.6 
33.6 
25.5 
27.6 
28.6 
39.9 
36.6 

28.0 

22.4 
33.0 
24.4 
29.0 
29.9 
35.1 
41.4 

27.6 
27.4 
28.1 
22.4 
26.1 
24.9 
33.2 
35.9 

3.6 

1.4 
10.1 
3.4 
5.7 
9.5 
9.6 
24.1 

2.6 

1.0 
9.6 
4.6 
4.6 
13.6 
13.4 


6.9 

5.4 
12.1 
6.7 
8.9 
13.9 
21.9 


23.4 

21.2 
27.3 
24.2 
26.5 
31.5 
28.7 


25.1 

22.4 
27.2 
23.1 
23.6 
27.0 
29.1 


For- 
eign 
bom 


14.5 

7.5 
22.6 
13.9 
17.4 
20.2 
22 
33.6 


27.7 

12.6 

30, 

23.6 

27.6 

33.3 

35.5 

35.9 

25.0 

13.9 
29.5 
19.1 
21.8 
23.3 
28.3 
35.8 

16.8 

10.2 
22.8 
13.5 
17.5 
17.7 
21.6 
35.6 

13.9 
12.6 
16.3 
12.6 
12.3 
16.6 
21.9 
18.3 

2.4 

1.1 
6.2 
2.7 
3.3 
6.5 
6.4 
13.8 

1.0 

0.4 
3.7 
1.7 
1.9 
4.6 
6.6 


4.0 

3.1 
7.0 
3.7 
6.2 
10.1 


16.6 

15.6 
18.3 
16.4 
19.4 
20.6 
18.2 


20.5 

18.4 
22.2 
16.6 
18.6 
20.7 
24.7 


Ne- 
gro. 


10.7 

14.5 
6.3 
7.7 
7.3 
7.3 
7.1 
3.4 


1.0 

0.5 
1.1 
0.7 
0.6 
1.0 
1.8 
2.0 

2.2 

1.4 
2.6 
1.7 
2.5 
2.5 
1.3 
2.9 

1.6 

0.8 

2.4 

2.0 

2.2 

2. 

3.4 

1 

2.1 

1.0 

4.2 

3.3 

4.8 

3.8 

3 

6.4 

33.7 
36.2 
29.4 
33.6 
30.4 
33.8 
31.6 
15.2 

31.5 
31.4 
32.3 
33.9 
39.4 
28.4 
30.4 


22.6 

22.7 
22.3 
20.0 
26.1 
20.7 
26.3 


0.8 

0.4 
1.6 
1.0 
1.9 
1.6 
2.6 


0.7 

0.3 
1.0 
0.6 
0.9 
1.1 
1.1 


PEE  CENT  DISTEIBUTION  BY  CLASS  Or 
COMMUNITY. 


White. 


Total 
l>op- 
ula- 
tion. 


100.0 

53.7 
46.3 
9.2 
6.1 
9.0 
9.6 
12.5 


100.0 

16.7 
83.3: 
19.4; 
14. 3j 
25.01 
14.3 
10. 2| 

100.  Oi 

29.  o! 

71.0 
8.6 
7.0 

10.9 
9.1 

35.6 

100.0 

47.3 
62.7 
10.4 
7.6 
8.5 
11.0 
15.0 

100.0 
66.7 
33.3 
8.9 
3.9 
6.9 
7.6 
5.9 

100.0 

74.6 
25.4 
6.3 
3.6 
6.8 
6.0 
4 

100.0 

81.3 
18.7 
5.5 
2.6 
3.4 
7.1 


100.0 

77.7 
22.3 
7.1 
4.0 
7.2 
3.9 


100.0 
64.0 
36.0 
13.6 
6.6 
8.8 
8.1 


100.0 
43.2 
56.8 
8.9 
7.3 
6.4 
34.2 


Native. 


100.0 

55.8 
44.2 
9.7 
6.2 
8.7 
9.0 
10.6 


100.0 

20.4 
79.6 
20.7 
14.4 
23.1 
12.6 
8.9 

100.0 

33.7 

66.3 
9.4 
7.3 

11.1 
8.8 

29.8 

100.0 

51.6 
48.4 
10.8 
•  7.5 
8.3 
10.2 
11.5 

100.0 
68.4 
31.6 
9.0 
3.9 
6.6 
6.8 
6.3 

100.0 

74.4 
25.6 
6.3 
3.8 
6.5 
5.0 
5.1 

100.0 

82.2 
17.8 
5.3 
2.3 
3.4 


100.0 

78.4 
21.6 
7.4 
3.8 
6.9 
3.6 


100.0 

64.0 
36.0 
14.1 
6.3 
8.6 
8.1 


100.0 

44.2 
56.8 
9.6 
7.6 
6.4 
32.3 


i% 


100.0 
63.9 
36 
9, 

5.7 
7.6 
6.9 
6.0 


100.0 
29.3 

70.7 
23.0 
13.8 
19.1 

8.7 
6.0 

100.0 
44.2 

55.8 
10.5 

7.7 
11.4 

6.3 
19.9 

100.0 

58.8 
41.2 
11.7 
7.3 
7.9 
8.3 
5.9 

100.0 
69.6 
30.4 
9.8 
4.0 
6.8 
6.6 
4.1 

100.0 

77.2 

22.8 

6.3 

3.7 

4 

4.6 
3.6 

100.0 
84.3 
16.7 
6.1 
2.2 
2.8 
5.6 


100.0 

80.2 
19.8 
7.5 
3.7 
6.1 
2.6 


100.0 
66.5 
33.5 
14.1 
5.0 
7.2 
7.3 


100.0 

47.0 
53.0 
10.2 
7.9 
6.2 
28.7 


100.0 
34.7 
65.3 
9.2 
7.3 
11.6 
14.6 
22.7 


100.0 

9.1 
90.9 
17.7 
15.2 
28.1 
17.4 
12.5 

100.0 

17.6 
82.4 
7.6 
6.7 
10.8 
12.5 
44.9 

100.0 

37.8 
62.2 
9.1 
7.9 
9.1 
13.9 
22.2 

100.0 
66.1 
33.9 
7.3 
3.6 
6.2 
9.2 
7.7 

100.0 

28.7 
71.3 
6.0 
5.8 
15.4 
13.6 
30.7 

100.0 

30.2 
69.8 
9.7 
4.7 
18.2 
37.2 


For- 
eign 
bom, 


100.0 

27.8 
72.2 
8.8 
7.3 
12.5 
14.6 
29.0 


100.0 

7.6 
92.4 
16.5 
14.2 
30.0 
18.3 
13.3 

100.0 
16 

83.9 
6.6 
6.1 
10.2 
10.3 
50.8 

100.0 

28.6 
71.4 
8.4 
8.0 
9.0 
14.2 
31.9 

100.0 

60.8 
39.  S 
8.0 
3.5 
7.8 
12.1 
7.8 

100.0 
34.0 
66.0 
7.1 
5.0 
16.0 
11.3 
26.5 

100.0 
33.3 
66.7 

9.0 

4. 
16 
37.5 


100.0 
61.0 
39.0 
7.0 
5.2 
14.6 
12.3 


100.0 
58.0 
42.0 
14.1 

6.2 
11.8 

9.9 


100.0 

38. 5 
61.5 
8.2 


39.7 


100.0 

60.8 
39.2 
6.7 
6.3 
18.4 
7.9 


100.0 
60.3 
39. 
13.4 

6.4 
10.9 

8.9 


100.0 

as 

61.3 
7.2 
6.6 
6.4 

41.1 


COLOR   OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE. 


93 


The  native  whites  of  native  parentage  constituted 
hardly  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  urban  population, 
but  over  three-fifths  of  the  rural.  It  should  be  noted 
that  the  negro  population  is  mainly  in  the  South, 
where  there  are  comparatively  few  very  large  cities. 

The  conditions  in  the  New  England  and  Middle 
Atlantic  divisions  are  especially  noteworthy.  Only 
about  one-third  (33.9  and  34.4  per  cent,  respectively) 
«f  the  urban  population  of  these  divisions  in  1910  con- 
sisted of  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  while  over 
two-thirds  of  the  rural  population  (69.8  per  cent  and  67 
per  cent,  respectively)  were  of  that  class.  Broadly 
speaking,  of  the  urbnn  population  of  these  divisions, 
■almost  one-third  were  foreign-bom  whites,  fully  one- 
third  (including  persons  of  mixed  parentage)  were 
children  of  foreign-born  whites,  and  one- third  were 
native  whites  of  native  parentage. 

In  the  South,  where  the  total  number  of  foreign- 
boni  whites  and  of  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  is  small,  these  classes  constituted  a  very  much 
larger  proportion  of  the  urban  than  of  the  rural  popula- 
tion. In  the  South  Atlantic  division,  for  example, 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  and  foreign- 
born  whites  in  1910  constituted  10.1  and  6.2  per  cent, 
respectively,  of  the  urban  population  but  only  1.4  and 
1.1  per  cent,  repectively,  of  the  rural  population. 

In  the  South  as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  negroes 
in  urban  communities  was  about  the  same  as  the  propor- 
tion in  rural  communities,  though  in  the  South  Atlantic 
<iivision  negroes  in  1910  formed  29.4  per  cent  of  the  ur- 
ban and  35.2  per  cent  of  the  rural  population.  On  the 
other  hand,  in  the  East  South  Central  division  the  cor- 
responding proportions  were  32.3  and  31.4  per  cent, 
respectively;  and  in  the  West  South  Central  division, 

22.3  per  cent  and  22.7  per  cent. 

Table  18  shows  also  the  race  and  nativity  composi- 
tion of  the  population  for  classes  of  cities.  In  gen- 
eral, the  relative  numerical  importance  of  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  declines  as  the  size  of  the 
cities  increases.  Of  the  aggregate  population  in  1910 
of  the  eight  cities  of  the  United  States  having  more 
than  500,000  inhabitants,  only  25.6  per  cent  were 
native  whiter  of  native  parentage,  37.2  per  cent  being 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  and  33.6 
per  cent  foreign-bom  whites.  The  percentage  of  native 
whites  of  native  parentage,  which,  as  previously  noted, 
was  64. 1  in  rural  communities,  falls  off  to  57.5  in  the  class 
of  cities  having  2,500  to  10,000  inhabitants,  then  to 

50.4  in  the  cities  of  10,000  to  25,000,  to  45.9  in  the 
cities  of  25,000  to  100,000,  to  38.9  in  the  cities  of 
100,000  to  500,000,  and  finally  to  25.6  in  the  cities  of 
over  500,000. 

The  differences  among  the  several  classes  of  popu- 
lation with  respect  to  their  distribution  between  urban 
and  rural  communities  are  further  brought  out  by 
the  percentages  in  the  last  five  columns  of  Table 
18.  Of  the  total  population  of  the  country  in  1910, 
46.3    per    cent  resided  in  urban  communities,  but 


of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  only  36.1 
per  cent  lived  in  such  communities,  while  of  the 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  65.3  per 
cent  and  of  the  foreign-born  whites  no  less  than  72.2 
per  cent  were  in  urban  communities.  The  propor- 
tions urban  and  rural  in  the  total  population  vary 
greatly  from  division  to  division  and  the  percent- 
ages for  each  of  the  four  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage  groups  vary  accordingly.  In  1910,  in  New 
England,  where  the  proportion  of  urban  population 
is  higher  than  in  any  other  division  (partly  because 
of  the  classification  as  urban  of  all  New  England 
towns  of  over  2,500  inhabitants),  70.7  per  cent  of 
the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  90.9  per  cent  of 
the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  92.4 
per  cent  of  the  foreign-born  wliites,  and  91 .8  per  cent  of 
the  negroes  lived  in  urban  communities.  In  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division  55.8  per  cent  of  the  native  whites  of 
native  parentage,  82.4  per  cent  of  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  83.9  per  cent  of  the  foreign- 
born  whites,  and  81.2  per  cent  of  the  negroes  were  in 
urban  communities.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  East 
South  Central  division,  where  the  proportion  of  urban 
population  as  a  whole  was  lowest,  15.7  per  cent  of  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage,  69.8  per  cent  of  the 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  66.7  per 
cent  of  the  foreign-bom  whites,  and  19.2  per  cent  of  the 
negroes  lived  in  urban  communities.  In  each  of  the 
divisions  of  the  North  and  West  the  percentage  of 
negroes  who  lived  in  urban  communities  was  materially 
higher  than  the  percentage  of  native  whites  of  native 
parentage  who  lived  in  such  communities,  showing  that 
the  negroes  who  have  migrated  from  the  South  have, 
to  a  large  extent,  gone  to  the  cities. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

Table  19  on  a  subsequent  page  classifies  by  color  or 
race,  nativity,  and  parentage  the  population  in  1910 
and  1900  of  the  50  cities  having  more  than  100,000 
inhabitants,  and  Table  20  presents  similar  statistics 
in  1910  for  cities  having  from  25,000  to  100,000  inhabit- 
ants. The  distribution  for  the  larger  cities  is  also 
shown  graphically  in  the  diagram  on  the  following 
page. 

In  only  14  of  the  50  cities  having  over  100,000  in- 
habitants in  1910  did  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
constitute  as  much  as  one-half  of  the  total  population. 
The  proportion  exceeded  three-fifths  in  only  four  cities, 
three  of  them  being  in  the  East  North  Central  division 
(Indianapolis,  64.5  per  cent;  Columbus,  64.4  per  cent; 
and  Dayton,  62  per  cent)  and  one  in  the  West  North 
Central  (Kansas  City,  Mo.,  61.9  per  cent).  On  the 
other  hand,  in  22  of  the  cities  of  this  class,  of  which 
15  are  in  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divi- 
sions, less  than  one-third  of  the  population  were  native 
whites  of  native  parentage,  over  two-thirds  in  all  but 
one  of  these  cities  consisting  of  foreign-born  whites  and 
their  children.     In  Fall  River  only  13.3  per  cent  of  the 


94 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


population  were  native  whites  of  native  parentage.  In 
10  cities  of  100,000  inhabitants  or  over  the  population 
was  more  than  one-third  foreign-born  white,  namely. 
Fall  River  (42.6  per  cent),  Lowell  (40.9  per  cent), 
New  York  (40.4  per  cent),  Paterson  (36.1  per  cent), 
Boston  (35.9  per  cent),  Chicago  (35.7  per  cent), 
Bridgeport  (35.5  per  cent),  Cleveland  (34.9  per  cent). 
Providence  (34  per  cent),  and  Detroit  (33.6  per  cent). 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  IN  CITIES 
HAVING  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 


Mew  YORK 

CHICAQO 
PHILADELPHIA 


^iisseM%mmm;^^5mim^yxyyyxx.fyxyyy. 


vszisiXfSfmim^mmmmmm^/yy'jr/yYA^^yv. 


Y////A   NATIVE  WHITE  -  NATIVE  PARENTAGE  Y^XA  FOREIQN-BORN  WHITE 

NATIVE  WHITE  -  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE       HHI   NEGRO    AND   ALL   OTHER 


The  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites  was  low  in  all 
of  the  southern  cities.  Among  the  northern  cities  it 
was  lowest  in  Indianapolis  (8.5  per  cent)  and  Columbus 
(9  per  cent).  In  many  of  the  50  cities  the  proportion 
of  native  wliites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  was 
nearly  the  same  as  the  proportion  of  foreign-born 
whites.  The  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  were  relatively  most  numerous  in  Milwaukee 
(48.8  per  cent)  and  Fall  River  (43.7  per  cent). 

During  the  decade  1900-1910  the  foreign-born  white' 
population  in  New  York  City  advanced  from  1,260,918 
to  1,927,703,  an  increase  of  666,785,  while  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  increased  only  183,841. 
In  1910  only  19.3  per  cent  of  the  city's  population 
consisted  of  native  whites  of  native  parentage.  Of 
the  total  population  of  the  United  States  approxi- 
mately one-twentieth  is  domiciled  in  New  York  City; 
of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  one-fiftieth; 
of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  one- 
tenth;  and  of  the  foreign-born  whites,  one-seventh. 

Among  the  larger  cities  the  proportion  of  negroes  in 
1910  was  highest  in  Memphis  (40  per  cent),  followed  hf 
Birmingham  (39.4),  Richmond  (36.6),  Atlanta  (33.5), 
Nashville  (33.1),  Washington  (28.5),  New  Orleans- 
(26.3),  Louisville  (18.1),  and  Baltimore  (15.2).  In 
no  other  city  of  over  100,000  inhabitants  did  the  negro 
element  amount  to  one-tenth  of  the  population. 

Table  20  gives  statistics  for  the  179  cities  having 
from  25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants  in  1910.  Among^ 
them  there  are  only  41  in  which  the  native  whites  of 
native  parentage  exceeded  three-fifths  of  the  total 
population  in  1910.  None  of  these  are  in  the  New 
England  states,  and  only  one  is  in  New  York. 
Cities  in  which  as  many  as  three-fourths  of  the  total 
population  in  1910  were  native  whites  of  native- 
parentage  are  Huntington,  W.  Va.  (87.6  per  cent); 
Joplin,  Mo.  (86.6  per  cent) ;  York,  Pa.  (86  per  cent) ; 
Springfield,  Mo.  (81.5  per  cent);  Reading,  Pa.  (77.8- 
per  cent);  Wichita,  Kans.  (77.7  per  cent);  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.  (77,2  per  cent);  Lima,  Ohio  (76.9  per  cent); 
Lancaster,  Pa.  (75.4  percent);  and  Newark,  Ohio  (75.1 
per  cent).  There  are  45  cities  of  this  class  where  the- 
proportion  of  native  whites  of  native  parentage  was 
less  than  one-third.  The  percentage  was  very  low 
in  Lawrence,  Mass.  (13.6),  Passaic,  N.  J.  (13.8),  and 
Woonsocket,  R.  I.  (15). 

Among  the  179  cities  considered  there  are  27  in 
which  the  foreign-born  whites  exceeded  one-third  of 
the  total  population.  A  majority  of  these  cities  (14) 
are  in  the  New  England  states,  9  are  in  the  Middle- 
Atlantic  division,  and  only  4  (Duluth,  Minn.;  Lorain, 
Ohio;  El  Paso,  Tex.;  and  Superior,  Wis.)  are  in  other- 
divisions.  The  maximum  percentage  of  foreign-born 
whites  was  found  m  Passaic,  N.  J.,  where  they  formed 
more  than  one-half  of  the  population  in  1910  (52  per 
cent). 


COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE.  95 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  19 


Albany.N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Blmiingham,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  -Conn 

Buffalo.N.  Y 

Cambridge.  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  Cfity,  N.  .1 

Kansas  City ,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Ne w  Ifaven ,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.y 

Manhattan  Borough. 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough. . . 
Queens  Borough ..... 
Richmond  Borough . . 

Newark.  N.J 

Oakland.  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. » 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis.Mo 

St.  Paul,Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scran  ton.  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


Total 

population; 

1910 


100,253 
154,  <39 
558,485 
132,685 
670,685 

102,054 
423,715 
104,839 
2,185,283 
363,591 

560,663 
181,511 
116,677 
213,381 
465,766 

119,296 
112,671 
233,660 
2«7, 779 
248,381 

319, 198 
223,928 
106,204 
131,105 
373,867 

301,408 
lib,  364 
133,606 
339,075 

4,766,883 
t,SSl,B4t 

430,980 
1,634,361 

184,041 
86,969 

347,469 
160,174 
124,096 
126,600 
1,649,008 

633,906 
207,214 
224,326 
127,628 
218, 149 

687,029 
214, 744 
416, 912 
129,867 
237,194 

104,402 
137,249 
168,497 
331,069 
145,986 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


44,473 
91,987 

261, 474 
66,312 

157,870 

27,156 
119,692 

25,615 
446, 139 
154,937 

132,314 
116,846 
72,301 
106,045 
115, 10« 

16,868 
40,777 

150,593 
74,861 

153,717 

169,967 

113,643 

20,703 

69,985 

78,823 

96,186 
63,687 
37,726 
147,473 

921,318 
344,361 
9t,669 
376,648 
80,607 
18,143 

94,737 
;>5,198 
62,917 
28,392 
684,008 

176,089 

104,163 

69,966 

69,130 

74,626 

269,836 
61,594 

116,369 
38,746 

106,784 

64,574 
58,408 
75, 147 
166,711 
41,421 


1»M 


38,431 
47, 146 

236,  «53 
17,186 

146, 1»3 

21,885 
90,860 
25,220 
354,379 
113,700 

87,74« 
76,036 
48,332 
66,810 
61,309 

14,300 
29,634 
97,772 
67,197 
94,377 

64,066 
88,449 
20,828 
36,656 
48,608 

61,260 
40,620 
36,385 
103,186 

737, 477 
31 t, 307 
60,133 
310,801 
41,668 
tt,  778 

71,662 
24,790 
42,752 
23,897 
521,911 

147,296 
38,170 
64,423 
43,860 
52,478 

189,249 
42,454 
83,558 
27,299 
38,810 

18,756 
43,817 
62,222 
134,073 
37,261 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


36,533 

6,464 

134, 870 

8,357 

257, 104 

37,314 
183, 673 

39,794 
912, 701 
132,190 

223,908 
35,678 
25,660 
61,186 

188,266 

62,126 
42,767 
41,420 
lot,  101 
45,633 

74,756 
62,411 
41,942 
12,138 
182,630 

116,548 
7,161 
49,434 
74,244 

1,820,141 
818,  t08 
186, 143 
663,683 
IK,  969 
3t,t36 

132,360 
49,936 
39,696 
50,179 

496,786 

191,483 
51,009 
82,354 
7,664 
83,687 

246,946 
93,398 

153, 781 
55,431 
61,134 

27,277 
46,912 
69,383 
45,066 
64,751 


19M 


36,842 
4,486 

125,226 
2,885 

206,937 

25,693 
155, 716 

32, 731 
727,341 
139,817 

163,570 
30,007 
23,567 
37,837 

124,215 

40,197 
33,460 
38,360 
87,162 
33,426 

26, 106 
55,744 
33,031 
10,766 
146,886 

78,861 
7,174 

76^ 191 

1,371,603 
713,947 
86,43$ 
48t,e68 
e3,96t 
14,604 

96,606 
23,776 
32,828 
41,296 
414,093 

168,832 
24,710 
60,775 
6,104 
68,798 

239, 170 
71,662 

137,556 
45,229 
19,349 

'  9,883 
39,787 
60,128 
37,939 
42,417 


FOSEION-BOBN 
WHITE. 


1910 


18,165 
4,410 

77,043 

6,700 

240,722 

36,180 
118, 444 

34,608 
781,217 

66,792 

195, 703 
16,286 
13,847 
38,941 

166,566 

60,874 
28,336 
19,767 
77,697 
26,327 

60,684 
17,436 
43, 457 
6,467 
111,466 

85,938 
2,993 
42,784 
27,686 

1,927,703 

1,104,019 

148,936 

671,368 

79, 116 

$4,178 

110,666 
36,822 
27,068 
46,398 

382,578 

140,436 
43,780 
76,303 
4,086 
68,993 

125,706 
66,624 

130, 874 
35,112 
60,836 

21,220 
30,781 
32,037 
24,351 
48,492 


1900 


17,689 

2,458 

67,940 

1,761 

194,953 

22, 197 
104, 010 

29,924 
686,420 

67,887 

124,354 
12,292 
10,024 
24,962 
96,051 

49,961 
23,868 
17,070 
68,161 
18,287 

17,917 
21,397 
40,915 
6,069 
88,948 

60,983 
3,002 
30,664 
29,569 

1,260,918 
781, 714 
61,168 
363,760 
44,616 
18,681 

71,050 
16,223 
23,429 
38,666 
293,669 

114,846 
17,734 
65,310 
2,834 
40,718 

110,966 
46, 748 

104,264 
28,959 
18,666 

7,462 
23,706 
27,729 
19,520 
37,528 


1910 


1,037 
51,902 
84,749 
52,305 
13,564 

1,332 
1,773 
4,707 
44,103 
19,639 

8,448 
12,739 
4,842 
6,426 
5,741 

356 
665 

21,816 
6,960 

23,666 

7,699 
40,622 

133 
52,441 

980 

2,592 
36,523 

3,561 
89,262 

91,709 


26,623 
1,045 
5,316 

46,733 
879 

43,960 
3,144 
1,642 
667 
2,296 

723 

1,124 

1,877 

94,446 

1,241 


1900 


1,178 
36,727 
79,258 
16, 575 
11,691 

1,149 

i,«es 

3,888 
30,150 
14,482 

6,988 
8,201 
3,387 
3,923 
4,111 

324 
604 

15,931 
3,704 

17,867 

2,131 
39, 139 

136 
49,910 

862 

1,548 
30,044 

2,887 
77, 714 

60,666 


60,634 

36,146 
1,370 

4,117 

te,70s 

18,367 

3,198 

t,6ll 

l,16i 

l,07t 

9,475 

6,604 

3,055 

1,026 

4,426 

3,443 

1,539 

1,182 

84,459 

62,613 

20,366 

776 

4,817 

32,230 
601 

35,516 

2,263 

1,654 

521 

406 

376 

1,034 

1,710 

86,702 

1,104 


Indian, 
Chinese, 
Japa- 
nese, 
Midall 
other: 
1919 


46 

76 

349 

11 

1,326 

72 

133 

116 

2,123 

33 

290 
63 
28 

884 
99 

83 
27 
54 
160 
138 

0,292 
16 
59 
74 
68 

144 

10 

100 

410 

6,012 
4,iS0 

tl3 
1,166 

16t 
61 

262 

6,163 

90 

92 

1,178 

274 
7,217 

387 
16 
06 

581 

84 

15,256 

12 

7,145 

608 
24 
53 

496 
81 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION: 

1910 


Native  white. 

For- 

eign- 

Native 

For.  or 

bom 

parent- 

mixed 

white. 

age. 

par. 

44.4 

36.4 

18.1 

59.4 

4.2 

2.8 

46.8 

24.1 

13.8 

60.0 

6.3 

4.3 

23.6 

38.3 

35.9 

26.6 

36.6 

35.5 

28.2 

43.3 

28.9 

24.4 

38.0 

33.0 

20.4 

41.8 

36.7 

42.6 

36.4 

16. « 

23.6 

39.9 

34.9 

64.4 

19.6 

9.9 

62.9 

21.9 

11.9 

50.1 

28.7 

18.2 

24.7 

40.4 

33.6 

13.3 

43.7 

42.6 

36.2 

38.0 

25.2 

64.5 

17.7 

8.5 

28.0 

40.7 

29.0 

61.9 

18.4 

19.2 

53.2 

23.4 

19.0 

50.7 

23.4 

7.8 

19.  S 

39.5 

40.9 

46.8 

9.3 

4.9 

21.1 

48.8 

29.8 

31.9 

38.7 

28.5 

67.7 

6.6 

2.7 

28.2 

37.0 

32.0 

43.6 

21.9 

8.2 

19.3 

38.2 

40.4 

i4,3 

35.1 

47.4 
34.6 

it. 6 

43.0 

iS.O 

40.6 

35.0 

X8.4 

4t.6 

117.9 

St.  9 

37.6 

£8.! 

27.3 

38.1 

31.8 

36.8 

33.3 

24.6 

42.6 

31.9 

21.8 

22.6 

40.0 

36.1 

37.7 

32.1 

24.7 

33.0 

36.9 

26.3 

60.3 

24.6 

21.1 

26.7 

36.7 

34.0 

64.2 

6.0 

3.2 

34.2 

38.4 

27.0 

39.3 

36.9 

18.3 

28.7 

43.6 

26.3 

27.7 

36.9 

31.4 

29.8 

42.7 

27.0 

44.0 

25.8 

25.6 

62.3 

26.1 

20.3 

42.6 

34.2 

22.4 

44.6 

35.2 

19.0 

50.4 

13.6 

7.4 

28.4 

37.5 

33.2 

Negro. 


1.0 
33.6 
16.2 
39.4 

2.0 

1.3 
9.4 
4.5 
2.  ft 
5.4 

1.5 
7.0 
4.2 
2.5 
1.2 

6.3 
0.6 
9.3 
2.2 
9.5 

2.4 
18.1 

9.1 
40.9 

0.3 

9.9 
33.1 

2.7 
26.3 

1.9 

i.e 

1.0 

\.\ 
1.3 

2.7 
2.0 
3.6 
1.2 
5.5 

4.8 
0.5 
2.4 
36.6 
0.4 

6.4 
1.5 
0.4 
0.4 
1.0 

0.7 
0.8 
1.1 
28.5 
0.9 


1  Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 
COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910, 


Table  SO 


Alabama 

Mobile 

Montgomery.. 

Arkansas 
Little  Rock... 

California 

Berkeley 

Pasadena 

Sacramento... 

San  Diego 

San  Jose 

Colorado 
Colorado  Springs 
Pueblo 


Total 
popu- 
lation. 


51,521 
38,136 

45,941 

40,434 
30,291 
44,  "" 
39,578 
28,946 

29,078 
44,395 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent, 


20,944 
16,708 

24,810 

19,479 
19,026 
19,821 
22,550 
13,174 

19,605 
24,584 


40.7 
43.8 


48.2 
62.8 
44.3 
57.0 
45.5 

67.4 
55.4 


Foreign  or 
mixed  par. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


5,585 
1,390 

4,602 

11,863 
5,867 

12,999 
8,549 
9,061 

5,350 
9,773 


10, 
3.6 

10.0 

29.3 
19.4 
29.1 
21.6 
31.3 

18.4 
22.0 


FOREIGN- 
BORN 
WHITE. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,208 
704 


1,973 

7,653 
4,297 
8,885 
7,366 
5,817 

2,981 
8,331 


Per 
cent 


4.3 

1.8 

4.3 

18.9 
14.2 
19.9 
18.6 
20.1 

10.3 

18.8 


Num- 
ber 


22,763 
19,322 

14,539 

247 
744 
486 
597 
182 

1,107 
1,498 


Per 
cent 


44.2 
50.7 

31.6 

0.6 
2.5 
1.1 
1.5 
0.6 

3.8 
3.4 


Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 

and 

all 
other, 


17 


1,192 
357 

2,505 
516 
712 

35 
209 


Connecticut 

Hartford 

Meriden  town  . 

Meriitn  city. 
New  Britain. . . 
Norwich  town. 
Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 
Waterbury 

Delaware 

Wilmington... 

Florida 
Jacksonville... 
Tampa 


Total 
popu- 
lation. 


98,915 
32,066 
117,265 
43,916 
28,219 
28.836 
SB, 138 
73,141 

87,411 

57,699 
37,782 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


31,011 
8,704 
7,S7S 
8,755 
8,780 

10,064 
8,099 

18,238 

44,937 

22,628 
12,037 


Per 
cent. 


31.4 
27.1 
17.0 
19.9 
31.1 
34.9 
Sg.S 
24.9 


39.2 
31.9 


Foreign  or 
mixed  par. 


Num- 
ber. 


34,824 
13,827 
11,713 
17,037 
10,380 
9,530 
8,612 
28,590 


19,694 


3,213 
6,857 


Per 
cent. 


35.2 

43.1 

43. 0 

38.8 

36, 

33.0 

34.3 

39.1 

22.5 

6.6 
18.1 


FOBEIGN- 
BOEN 
WHITE. 


Num- 
ber. 


31,243 
9,390 
8,036 

18,015 
8,405 
8,872 
8,069 

25,498 


13,678 
2,488 


Per 
cent. 


31.6 
29.3 
S9.B 
41.0 
29.8 
30.8 
Si.l 
34.9 


Num- 
ber. 


1,745 
133 
133 
94 
627 
343 

ssi 

775 


9,081 


4.3,29,293 
26. 2I  8,951 


Per 
cent. 


Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 

and 

all 
other. 


L8 
0.4 
0.5 
0.2 
2.2 
1.2 
1.3 
1.1 

10.4 

50.8 
23.7 


92 
12 
IS 
15 
27 
27 


96  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910— Con. 


Table20— Con. 


Oeorgla 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 

nUnois 

Aurora 

Bloomington 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St  Louis. . . 

Elgin 

Joliet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 

TTi«Hann 

Evansville 

Fort  Wayne 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 

Iowa 

Cedar  Rapids 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs... 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 

Kansas  City 

Topeka 

Wichita 

Eentacky 

Covington 

Lexington 

Newport 

Louisiana 

Shreveport 

Maine 

Lewiston 

Portland , 

Massachusetts 

Brockton 

Brookline  to.wn. . 

Chelsea 

Chicopee 

Everett 

Fitchburg 

Haverhill 

Holyoke 

Lawrence 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford 

Newton 

Pittsfield 

Quiney 

Salem 

Somerville 

Springfield 

Taimton 

Waltham 

Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 

Minnesota 
Duluth 

Missouri 

Joplin 

St.  Joseph 

Springfield 

Montana 
Butte 

Nebraska 

Lincoln 

South  Omaha. . . 
Kew  Hampshire 

Manchester 

Nashua 

New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken 

Oran^. 
Passaic. 


Total 
popu- 
lation. 


Perth  Amboy. 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


41,040 
40,635 
65,064 

29,807 
25,768 
27,871 
31,140 
58,547 
25,976 
34,670 
66,950 
36,587 
45,401 
51,678 

60,647 
63,933 
53,684 
58,157 

32,811 
25,577 
29,292 
43,028 
86,368 
38,494 
47,828 
26,693 

82,331 
43,684 
52,450 

53,270 
35,099 
30,309 

28,015 

26,247 
58,571 

56,878 
27,792 
32,452 
25,401 
33,484 
37,826 
44,115 
57,730 
85,892 
89,336 
44,404 
96,652 
39,806 
32,121 
32,642 
43,697 
77,236 
88,926 
34,259 
27,834 

25,267 
45,166 
38,550 
31,433 
39, 437 
31,229 
50,510 

78,466 

32,073 
77,403 
35,201 

39,165 

43,973 
26,259 

70,063 
26,005 

46,150 
56,545 
94,538 
34,371 
73,409 
70,324 
29,630 
64, 773 
32,121 


Native       Foreign  or 
parentage,    mixed  par. 


Num-   Per 
t)er.    cent. 


19,861 
20,723 
22,634 

12,232 
14,642 
19,521 
22,566 
30,447 
10,346 
9,753 
36,615 
19,103 
15,395 
27,944 

41,945 
36,722 
22,880 
42,586 

17,434 
11,361 
16,909 
17,702 
53,785 
15,462 
22,405 
17,594 


48.4 
51.0 
34.8 

41.0 
56.8 
70.0 
72.5 
52.0 
39.8 
28.1 
54.7 
52.2 
33.9 
54.1 


60.2 
57.4 
42.6 
73.2 

53.1 
44.4 
57.7 
41.1 
62.3 
40.2 
46.8 
65.9 


48,021  58.3 
27,800  63.6 
40,738  77  "^ 


31,079 
21,084 
15,532 

11,564 

8,180 
31,121 

23,008 
11,615 

6,969 

4,626 
11,048 

9,745 
19,472 

9,141 
11,699 
33,180 
14,618 
18, 738 
16,282 
13, 778 

9,289 
13,504 
29,573 
35,732 
11,930 
10,313 

17,504 
12,681 
21,269 
18, 474 
21,354 
19, 497 
17,257 

15,493 

27,767 
50,316 
28,704 

11,143 

26,021 
8,499 

16,119 
8,554 

22, 410 
11,301 
49,581 
18,253 
20,298 
13,463 
8,341 
7,536 
6,095 


58.3 
60.1 
51.2 


31.2 
53.1 

40.5 

41.8 

21 

18.2 

33.0 

25.8 

44.1 

15.8 

13.6 

37.1 

32.9 

19 

40.9 

42.9 

28.5 

30.9 

38.3 

40.2 

34.8 

37.1 

69.3 
28.1 
55.2 
58.8 
54.1 
62.4 
34.2 

19.7 


65.0 
81.5 


59.2 
.32.4 

23.0 
32.9 

48.6 
20.3 
52.4 
53.1 
27.7 
19.1 
28.2 
13.8 
15.9 


Num-   Per 
ber.    cent. 


1, 

1,099 

5,818 

10,577 
6,904 
4,874 
5,366 
12,799 
9,787 
13,967 
19,936 
12,234 
15,973 
13,8.'>5 

16,970 
19,414 
16,725 
9,164 

9,841 
8,903 
7,677 
16,649 
19,234 
16,840 
14,659 
6,368 

14,631 

7,183 
6,383 

15,346 
2,a56 
10,803 

1,533 

8,592 
15,054 

17,882 
7,587 
11,460 
10, 726 
12,017 
14,415 
13,061 
25,286 
32,553 
27,994 
15,8*9 
32,336 
11,830 
11,243 
12,404 
16,453 
26,632 
28,656 
12, 246 
9,74" 

4,564 
21,292 
10,213 

8,285 
10,528 

7,398 
21,225 

31,856 

2,585 
14,699 
3,386 

14,006 

10,001 
9,028 

24, 197 
8,474 

7,421 
23,123 
23,128 

8,506 
27,808 
29,030 
10, 719 
18,209 
12,562 


4.6 

2.7 
8.9 

35.5 

26.8 

17.5 

17.2 

21. 

37. 

40.3 

29.8 

33.4 

35.2 

26.8 

24.4 
30.4 
31.2 
15.8 

30.0 
34.8 
26.2 
38.7 
22.3 
43.7 
30.6 
23.9 

17.8 
16.4 
12.2 

28.8 

5.9 

35.6 


FOEEIGN- 
BOBN 
WHITE. 


Num-    Per 
ber.    cent. 


32.7 
25.7 

31.4 
27.3 
35.3 
42.2 
35.9 
38.1 
29.6 
43.8 
37.9 
31.3 
35.7 
33.5 
29.7 
35.0 
38.0 
37.7 
34.5 
32.2 
35.7 
35.0 

18.1 
47.1 
26.5 
26.4 
26.7 
23.7 
42.0 


8.1 
19.0 


37.3 

22.7 
34.4 

34.5 
32.6 

16.1 
41.6 
24.5 
24.7 
37.9 
41.3 
36.2 
33.2 
39.1 


3,332 

6,702 
3,407 
1,"' 
2,422 

^9,400 
5,661 

10,441 
8,810 
3,641 

13,828 
6,900 

4,462 
7,204 
13,420 
3,796 

5,321 
4," 
4,268 
8,101 

10,395 
0,089 

10,452 
2,706 

10,344 
4,153 
2,855 

3,933 

936 

3,405 

1,004 

9,418 
12,078 

15,425 
8,345 
13, 748 
10,036 
9,607 
13,611 
11,153 
23,238 
41,319 
27,344 
13,430 
42,625 
11,191 
6,744 
10, 8'5 
13,539 
20, 751 
22,999 
9,779 
7,683 

2,616 
11,027 
6,662 
4,307 
6,857 
3,973 
11,701 

30,652 

914 
8,113 
1,126 

12,880 

7,200 
7,834 

29,692 
8,957 

6,400 
20,522 
15,682 

5,677 
23,894 
27,668 

8,069 
28,467 
14,288 


2.2 
1.7 
5.1 

22.5 
13.2 
7.2 
7.8 
16.1 
21.8 
30.1 
13.2 
10.0 
30.5 
13.4 

6.4 
11.3 
25.0 

6.5 

16.2 
19.1 
14.6 
18.8 
12.0 
15.8 
21.9 
10.1 

12.6 
9.5 
5.4 


Num-  Per 
ber.   cent. 


18,344 
18,160 
33,246 

293 
809 

1,465 
776 

5,882 
171 
497 

1,569 

1,596 
197 

2,961 

6,266 
572 
604 

2,593 

213 
432 
320 
569 
2,930 

96 
305 

24 

9,286 
4,538 
2,457 


7.4  2,899 
2.711,011 


11.2 


35.9 
20.6 

27.1 
30.0 
42.4 
39.5 
28.7 
36.0 
25.3 
40.3 
48.1 
30.6 
30.2 
44.1 
28.1 
21.0 
33.3 
31.0 
26.9 
2.5.9 
28.5 
27.6 

10.4 

24.4 

17.3 

13.7 

17.4 

12. 

23.2 

39.1 

2.8 
10.5 
3.2 

32.9 

16.4 
29.8 

42.4 
34.4 

13.9 

36, 

16.6 

16.5 

32.5 

39.3 

27.2 

62.0 

44.5 


569 

13,896 

47 
273 

531 
221 
242 

795 

42 
397 

45 
265 
700 
486 
2,885 
467 
320 

45 
163 
217 
1,475 
297 

62 

575 
160 
397 
354 
685 
354 
313 

410 

801 
4,249 
1,995 

240 

733 
717 

36 
16 

9,834 

561 

6,076 

1,907 

1,381 

120 

2,479 

535 

165 


44.7 
44.6 
51.1 


Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 
and 
aU 
otJier, 


0.9 
0.1 
0.3 
0.8 
1.1 
3.0 
1.2 
1.0 
0.1 
0.4 
0.3 
1.7 
0.9 
0.2 

2.3 
0.4 
1.0 
1.1 
1.7 
1.1 
0.6 

0.5 

2.5 
5.5 
5.7 

0.6 

1.7 
2.7 

0.1 
0.1 

21.3 
1.0 
6.4 
5.5 
1.9 
0.2 
8.4 
1.0 
0.5 


i.n 

3 

3.1 

6 

.5.5 

13 

2.5 

10 

10.  f 

Ifl 

0.7 

11 

l.< 

12 

2.;- 

20 

4.^ 

13 

0.-) 

8 

5.7 

18 

9.0 

■  4 

O.f 

21 

1.1 

55 

4.5 

18 

0.6 

2 

1.7 

1 

1.1 

118 

1..1 

7 

3.4 

24 

0.2 

7 

0.6 

7 

0.1 

1 

11.3 

49 

10.4 

10 

4.7 

17 

.5.4 

13 

.31.4 

12 

1.9 

49.6 

18 

0.2 

lo 

0.5 

45 

0.9 

32 

0.8 

24 

0.7 

33 

n 

6 

2.4 

17 

0.1 

13 

32 
20 
56 
118 
21 
68 
36 
36 
29 
38 
63 
64 
7 


10 

296 

18 
181 

19 
5 

85 
38 
71 
28 
28 
43 
22 
26 
11 


New  Jersey-Con 

Trenton 

West   Hoboken 

town 

New  York 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Bingham  ton 

Elmira 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon. . . 
New  RocheUe. . . 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls 

Pougtikeepsie 

Schenectady 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 

North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

Wilmington 

Ohio 

Aliron 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield 

Youngs  town 

Zanesville 

Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City. . 

Pennsylvania 

Allentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKeesport 

Newcastle 

Norristown  bor.. 

Beading 

Shenandoah  bor. 
Wilkes-Barre... 
Williamsport . . . 
York....^^ 

Khode  Island 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town.. 

Woonsockot 

Sonth  Carolina 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Knoxville 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Xrtah 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City... 
Virginia 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Roanoke 

Washington 

Tacoma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Superior 


Total 
popu- 
lation. 


96,815 
35,403 

31,267 
34,668 
48,443 
37, 176 
31,297 
25,908 
30,919 
28,867 
27,805 
.30,445 
27,936 
72,826 
76,813 
74,419 
26,730 
79,803 

34,014 
25,748 

69,067 
50,217 
35,279 
30,508 
28,883 
25,404 
46,921 
79,066 
28,026 

25,278 
64,205 

51,913 
62, 127 
38,637 
28,523 
66,525 
64,186 
25,452 
55,482 
47,227 
42,694 
36,280 
27,875 
96,071 
25,774 
67,105 
31,860 
44,750 

27, 149 
51,622 
26,629 
38,125 

58,833 
26,319 

44,604 
36,346 

29,860 
92,104 
39,279 
73,312 
36,981 
78,800 
96,614 
26,425 

25,580 
92,777 

29,494 
67,452 
33,190 
34,874 

83,743 

31,161 
41,641 

25,236 
30,417 
25,531 
33,062 
38,002 
26,398 
40,384 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native        Foreign  or 
parentage,    mixed  par 


Num-   Per 
l>er.    cent, 


38,679 
6,658 

10,537 
15, 791 
30,490 
21,721 
10,520 
14,778 
11,433 

8,566 
14,092 

7,721 
15,278 
31,538 
32,224 
25,869 
13,126 
21,640 

21,208 
12,417 

37,793 
29,470 
21,866 
23,465 
8,455 
19,090 
30,577 
26,595 
20,885 

15,190 
47,880 

38,368 
37,740 
17,793 
20,371 
25,740 
49,576 

8,449 
26,237 
35,610 
14,731 
18,625 
17,206 
74, 714 

4,511 
24,423 
23,003 
38,469 

9,850 
12,027 
7,571 
5,711 

20,458 
13,655 

23,035 
26,300 

15,887 
59,746 
15,099 
50,139 
12,643 
37, 181 
44,629 
16, 739 

11,610 
38,152 

18,743 
34,471 
18,203 
25,089 

36,481 

27,311 
22,385 

8,978 
10,163 
10,857 
9,960 
8,814 
5,354 
10,367 


Num.    Per 
ber.    cent. 


40.0 
18.8 

33.7 
45.5 
62.9 
58.4 
33.6 
57.0 
37.0 
29.7 
50.7 
26.4 
64.7 
43.3 
42.0 
34.8 
49.1 
27.1 

62.4 
48.2 

54.7 
58.7 
62.0 
76.9 
29.3 
75.1 
65.2 
32.4 
74.6 

60.1 
74.6 

73.9 
72.4 
46.2 
71.4 
38.7 
77.2 
33.2 
47.3 
75.4 
34.5 
5L3 
61.7 
77.8 
17.5 
36.4 
72.2 
86.0 

36.3 
24.5 
28.4 
15.0 

34.8 
5L9 

51.6 
72.4 

53.2 
64.9 
38.4 
68.4 
34.2 
47.2 
46.2 
63.3 

45.4 
4L1 

63.5 
51.1 
54.8 
71.9 

43.6 

87.6 
53.8 

35.6 
33.4 
42.5 
30.1 
23.2 
20.3 
25.7 


29,209 
14,943 

9,981 
10, 717 

9,916 

9,672 
10,054 

7,107 
10,539 

9,843 

8,276 
10,385 

7,419 
22,324 
28,491 
26,882 

7,264 
29,960 

579 

766 


4,902 
671 


30.2 
42.2 

31.9 
30.9 
20.5 
26.0 
32.1 
27.4 
34.1 
34.1 
29.8 
34.1 
26.6 
30.7 
37.1 
36.1 
27.1 
37.6 

L7 
3.0 

26 

23.6 

26.6 

14.6 

31.6 

15.4 

17.6 

33.7 


FOEEIGN- 
BORN 
WHITE. 


Num-   Per 
ber.    cent. 


370 
798 
371 
445 
122 
914 
243 
664 
145    14.8 


26,310 
13,713 

10,624 
7,620 
7,389 
5,259 

10,612 
3,391 
8,029 
8,677 
4,823 

12,064 
4,634 

18,631 

15,432 

21,308 
6,268 

26,590 

472 
444 


27.2 
38.7 

34.0 
22.0 
15.3 
14.1 
.33.9 
13.1 
26.0 
30.1 
17.3 
39.6 
16.2 
25.6 
20.1 
28.6 
23.4 
33.3 

1.4 
1.7 


13,241  19.2 


2,293 
1,623 

4,038 
9,078 
8,239 
5,612 
10,088 
11,333 
23,765 
2,287 

8,865 
34,284 

830 
4,318 
2,242 
1,086 

23,877 

1,184 
12,630 

12,089 
14,162 
10,269 
15,582 
16,561 
12,367 
15,912 


5.6 
10.0 

13.8 
16.7 
24.0 
16.6 
38.3 

9.2 
43.1 
24.3 
16.1 
34.0 
23.4 
20.2 
12.2 
41.9 
38.6 
17.5 

7.7 

34.6 
40.2 
37.0 
41.6 

8.3 
2.5 

5.1 
4.5 

13.5 
9.9 
21.0 
7. 
27.3 
14.4 
24.6 
8.7 

34.7 
37.0 

2.8 
6.4 
6.8 
3.1 

28.5 

3.8 
30.3 

47.9 
46.5 
40.2 
47.1 
43.6 
46.8 
39.4 


8,648 
3,309 
1,614 

10,929 
2,047 
3,156 

24,860 
1,602 

537 
3,214 

6,234 
5,212 
6,673 
3,122 

14,943 
4,134 
5,994 

15,316 
3,203 

12,631 
8,620 
4,015 
8,812 

10,462 

16,078 
2,332 
1,689 

6,266 
17,966 

9,010 
16,539 

2,404 
446 


17.2 
9.4 
5.3 

37.8 
8.1 
6.7 

31.4 
5.7 


2,581 
56 

118 
527 
635 
513 
108 
630 
896 
1,754 
604 


274 
651 
35 
76 
,549 

11,752 
12,107 

657 

291 

725 

978 

376 

346 

4,933 

1,936 

1,384 


Ind., 
Chi., 
Jap., 

and 

all 
otlier. 


2.1   7,831 
6.0  6,546 


1,332 
783 


2,441 
5,219 

14,248 
4,209 
6,164 
6,318 

17,407 
1,30" 

4,454 
19,035 


450  1.6 

3,664  5.3 

1,115  3.4 

770  2.2 


12.0 
10.0 

17.'3| 
10.9 
22.5 

6.4 
23.6 
27.6 

6.8 
29.6 
23.8 
14.4 

9.2 
40.6 
24.0 

7.3 

3.6 

23.0 
34.8 
33.8 
43.4 


134 
453 

4,795 
284 
340 

4,536 
19 
442 
803 
799 
629 

1,015 

787 

8 

673 

957 

1,231 


2.7 
0.2 

0.4 
1.5 
1.3 
1.4 
0.3 
2.4 
2.9 
6.1 
2.2 
0.9 
2.5 
0.4 
0.8 
0.5 
0.3 
L9 

34.6 
47.0 

1.0 
0 
2, 

3.2 
1.3 
1.4 
10.5 
2.4 
4.9 

31.0 
10.2 

0.3 
0.9 

12.4 
1.0 
0.5 
7.1 
0.1 
0.8 
L7 
1.9 
1.5 
3.6 
0.8 

0) 
1.0 
3.0 
2.8 


1,600  5.9 

234  0.5 

173  0.6 

20  0.1 


4.131,056 
1.711,546 


3.0 
2.2 

8.2 

6. 
36.3 

5.7 
16.7 

8.0 
18.0 

4.9 

17.4 
20.6 


21,463 

514 
5,418 

4,066 
6,043 
4,174 
7,406 


26.6 

1.6 
13.0 

16.1 
19.9 
16.3 
22.4 


12,509  32.9 
8,667  32.8 
13,772  34.1 


17,942 
7,638 

7,478 
18,024 

1,452 
13,280 

8,036 
23,929 
10, 716 

6,067 

203 
737 

9,466 
26,039 
11,617 

7,924 

778 

2,140 
1,201 

46 
59 

143 
98 

112 
9 

182 


62.8 
43.9 

40.2 
21.0 

25.0 
19.6 
3.7 
18.1 
21.7 
30.4 
11.1 
23.0 

0.8 
0.8 

32.1 
37.1 
35.0 
22.7 

0.9 

6.9 
2.9 

0.2 
0.2 
0.6 
0.3 
0.3 
0)  I 
0.5 


16 
37 
241 
72 
50 
39 
97 
25 

44S 


1,144 

12 

7 

68 


16 

6 

1 

151 


»  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 


97 


T7NITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 

General  summary:  1910  and  1900. — Table  21  gives 
for  the  United  States  the  sex  distribution  of  the 
total  population  and  of  each  of  the  principal  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes  in  1910  and 
1900. 


Table  21 


CLASS  or 

POPULATION. 


Total  population . 

White 

Negro 

other  colored  races: 

Indian 

Chinese 

Japanese 

All  other 


Total  white 

Native 

Native  parentage. , 
Foreign  parentage. 
Mixed  parentage . . 

Foreign  bom , 


IMO 


Male. 


47,332,277 

42,178,245 
4,885,881 

135,133 
66.85U 
63,07l> 
3.092 

42,178,246 

34,054,457 
25,229,218 
6,456,793 
2,968,446 
7,523,788 


Female. 


44,639,989 

39,553,712 
4,941,882 

130,550 

4,675 

9,087 

83 

39,563,712 

33,731,955 
24,259,357 
6,4fi9,61£ 
3,013,080 
6,821,757 


Males 

to 
100  fe- 
males. 


106.0 

106.6 
98.9 

103.5 
1,430.1 
694.1 
O 

106.6 

102.7 
104.0 
100.0 
98.5 
129.2 


1900 


Male. 


Female. 


38,816,448 

34,201,735 
4,386,547 

119,484 
85,341 
23,341 


34,201,735 

28,686,450 
20,849,847 
5,341,350 
2,495,263 
5,515,285 


37,173,127 

32,607,461 
4,447,447 

117,712 
4, 


5221 


32,607,461 

27,908,929 
20,099,515 
5,290,930 
2,518,484 
4,698,632 


Males 

to 
100  fe- 
males. 


104.4 

104.9 
98.6 

101.5 
[,887.2 
!,369.6 


104.9 

102.8 
103.7 
101.0 
99.1 
117.4 


1  Ratio  not  shown,  the  number  of  females  being  less  than  100. 

There  were  in  the  United  States  in  1910,  47,332,277 
males  and  44,639,989  females,  or  106  males  to  each 
100  females.  In  most  European  countries  females 
outnumber  males,  the  number  of  males  to  100  females, 
according  to  recent  censuses,  beuig  93.7  in  England 
and  Wales,  96.7  in  France,  97.4  in  the  German  Empire, 
97  in  Switzerland,  99  in  Italy,  96.5  in  Austria,  99.1 
in  Hungary,  and  98.9  in  Russia. 

The  excess  of  males  in  the  United  States  is  partly 
due  to  extensive  immigration,  a  much  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  immigrants  being  males  than  females. 
In  the  native  white  population  of  the  United  States, 
however,  thei-e  is  also  an  excess  of  males  over  females. 
The  number  of  males  in  this  class  in  1910  was 
34,654,457  and  the  number  of  females  33,731,955,  the 
ratio  being  102.7  males  to  each  100  females. 

Considerable  differences  in  sex  distribution  appear 
among  the  several  classes  of  population  in  th'e  United 
States.  There  is  a  great  excess  of  males  in  the  Chinese 
and  Japanese  population,  and  among  the  foreign- 
born  whites  in  1910  there  were  129.2  males  to  100 
females.  The  variations  in  sex  distribution  among 
the  several  native  groups — the  negroes,  the  Indians 
(these  two  classes  being  practically  all  native),  and  the 
three  parentage  groups  of  native  whites — are  not 
easily  explained.  They  may  in  some  degree  reflect 
variations  in  the  ratio  between  male  and  female 
births  combined  with  differences  in  the  death  rates, 
particularly  of  young  children,  in  the  respective 
groups.  Among  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
in  1910  there  were  104  males  to  100 .females,  but  among 
those  of  foreign  parentage  there  was  an  almost 
exact  equality  of  the  sexes.  Among  native  whites  of 
mixed  parentage  the  females  outnumbered  the  males, 
72497°— 13 7    + 


and  this  was  also  the  case  among  the  negroes,  the  ratio 
for  the  n^roes  being  98.9  males  to  100  females. 
Among  the  Indians  the  males  were  in  the  majority. 

Males  increased  more  rapidly  than  females  in  the 
United  States  from  1900  to  1910.  The  former  in- 
creased from  38,816,448  to  47,332,277,  an  increase  of 
8,515,829,  or  21.9  percent;  the  latter  from  37,178,127 
to  44,639,989,  an  mcrease  of  7,461,862,  or  20.1 
per  cent.  There  were  106  males  to  100  females  in 
1910  as  compared  with  104.4  in  1900.  The  increas- 
ing predominance  of  males  among  immigrants  largely 
accounts  for  this  difference  in  the  rate  of  increase 
of  the  two  sexes.  Little  change  occurred  in  the  sex 
ratio  for  the  native  population,  but  among  the  foreign- 
bom  whites  the  ratio  increased  from  117.4  males  to 
100  females  in  1900  to  129.2  in  1910. 

Comparison  with  earlier  censuses. — ^Table  22  shows, 
for  each  census  from  1820  to  1910,  the  number  of 
males  and  females  in  the  total  population,  and  the 
ratio  of  males  to  females  for  the  total  population, 
and  for  the  whites  and  negroes  separately;  and  also, 
for  each  census  from  1850  to  1910,  the  ratio  for  the 
native  whites  and  the  foreign-bom  whites. 


Table  »Z 

POPDLATION. 

MALES  TO  100  FEMALES. 

cunus 

TEAS. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total 
popu- 
lation. 

White. 

Ne- 

Total. 

Native. 

Foreign 
born. 

gro. 

1910 

47,332,277 
.38,816,448 
32,237,101 
25,518,820 
19,493,505 
16,085,204 
11,837,660 
8,688,532 
6,532,489 
4,896,605 

44,639,989 
37, 178, 127 
30,710,613 
24,636,963 
19,064,806 
15,358,117 
11,^54, 216 
8,380,921 
6,333,531 
4,741,848 

106.0 
104.4 
105.0 
103.6 
102.2 
104.7 
104.3 
103.7 
103.1 
103.3 

106.6 
104.9 
105.4 
104.0 
102.8 
105.3 
105.2 
104.5 
103.8 
103.2 

102.7 
102.8 
102.9 
102.1 
100.6 
103.7 
103.1 

129.2 
117.4 
118.7 
115.9 
115.3 
115.1 
123.8 

98.9 

1900 

98.6 

1890 

99.5 

13S0 

97.8 

1870 

96.2 

1860 

99.6 

1860 

99.1 

1840 

99.5 

1830 

100.3 

1820 

103.4 

The  sex  ratio  of  the  total  population,  while  it  has 
not  varied  greatly  since  1820,  reveals  a  tendency  to 
an  increasing  preponderance  of  males,  largely  accounted 
for,  no  doubt,  by  increasing  immigration.  The  rather 
marked  decline  in  the  ratio  of  males  to  females 
revealed  by  the  census  of  1870  probably  reflects  the 
effects  of  the  Civil  War.  The  decline  between  1890 
and  1900  is  attributable  to  the  check  to  immigration 
consequent  upon  the  financial  crisis  of  1893.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  enormous  immigration  between  1900 
and  1910  resulted  in  a  relative  excess  of  males  in  1910 
greater  than  recorded  by  any  previous  census.  The 
excess  of  males  over  females  has,  at  every  census  since 
1830,  been  confined  to  the  whites,  there  being  a  slight 
excess  of  females  over  males  in  the  negro  population. 
The  sex  of  the  negro  population  was  not  reported  prior 
to  1820.  For  the  whites  the  number  of  males  to  100 
females  in  1790  was  103.8,  and-  both  in  1800  and  1810 
it  was  104. 

There  has  been  little  variation  in  the  ratio  of  males 
to  females  in  the  native  white  population  since  1880, 


98 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


but  the  ratio  in  1870 — 100.6  males  to  100  females — 
was  appreciably  lower  than  at  the  subsequent  cen- 
suses. Among  foreign-bom  whites  the  ratio  of 
males  to  females  was  higher  in  1910  than  at  any  of 
the  preceding  censuses  for  which  figures  are  available. 
DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 
The  population  of  each  geographic  division  for  the 
principal  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage 
elements,  in    1910    and    1900,    is  classified    by   sex 


in  Table  23.  Similar  data  for  each  state  are  given  in 
Tables  25  and  26  on  subsequent  pages,  except  that  the 
1900  figures  are  given  only  for  the  aggregate  and  for 
the  foreign-born  white  population,  the  latter  being  the 
only  large  class  in  which  there  has  been  a  material 
change  in  sex  distribution  since  1900. 

The  accompanjdng  map  shows  graphically  the  dif- 
ferences among  the  states  in  the  ratio  of  males  ta 
females  in  the  total  population  for  1910. 


RATIO  OF  MALES  TO  FE^LA.LES  IN  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910. 


The  preponderance  of  males  in  the  aggregate  popu- 
lation in  1910  was  most  marked  in  the  Pacific  and 
Mountain  divisions,  with  ratios,  respectively,  of  129.5 
and  127.9  males  to  100  females.  The  proportion  of 
males  was  lowest  in  New  England,  where  there  was  a 
slight  excess  of  females  over  males,  and  in  the  South 
Atlantic  and  East  South  Central  divisions.  Except  in 
the  East  South  Central  division,  where  the  ratio  of 
males  to  females  was  the  same  in  1900  as  in  1910,  and  in 
the  Mountain  division,  where  it  decreased  slightly  (from 
128  to  127.9),  the  proportion  of  males  in  each  division 
was  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900.  The  proportion  of 
males  increased  in  every  state  east  of  the  Mississippi 
except  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  where  the  changes 
were  insignificant.  West  of  the  Mississippi  the  pro- 
portion increased  in  9  states,  decreased  in  12  states, 
and  remained  unchanged  in  1  state. 

The  sex  distribution  of  the  total  population  in  any 
state  is  more  or  less  affected  by  immigration  from  for- 
eign countries  and  by  migratory  movements  from  or 
to  other  states.     The  ratio  of  males  to  females  among 


the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  is  considerably 
atf  ected  by  interstate  migration.  In  general,  men  are 
more  apt  to  migrate  than  women.  As  in  the  case  of 
the  aggregate  population,  the  excess  of  males  among 
native  whites  of  native  parentage  was  greatest  in  the 
Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions,  which  have  grown 
rapidly  through  migration  from  farther  east,  the  ratios 
in  1910  being,  respectively,  119.8  and  117.4  males  to 
100  females.  In  two  of  the  eastern  divisions,  the  New 
England  and  Middle  Atlantic,  there  was  an  excess  of 
females  over  males  in  this  class.  The  number  of  males 
to  100  females  in  1910  in  the  District  of  Columbia 
was  lower  than  in  any  of  the  states.  Among  the 
states  it  was  lowest  in  Massachusetts  (95.2)  and 
highest  in  Nevada  (161.3),  Wyoming  (151.8),  Montana 
(139.6),  and  Arizona  (135). 

In  every  division,  and  in  every  state  except  Mas- 
sachusetts, Virginia,  Arkansas,  Oklahoma,  and  New 
Mexico,  the  proportion  of  males  among  the  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  was  lower  tlian  it 
was  among  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage.     In 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 


99 


each  of  the  five  divisions  east  of  the  Mississippi  the 
males  in  the  former  class  were  outnumbered  by  the 
females.  The  lowest  ratio  shown  for  any  division  was 
that  for  the  East  South  Central,  94.5  males  to  100 
females. 


Table  23 


DIVISION  AKD  CLASS  OF 
POFULATION. 


1910 


Male. 


TTKITED  STATES. 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Kew  England 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Middle  Atlantic 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-tjorn  white 

Negro 

East  TSfoith  Central 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

West  North  Central 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par, 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

South  Atlantic 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par, 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

East  South  Central 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

West  South  Central 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Mountain 

Total 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro , 

Pacific 

Total 

Native  white , 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro , 


47,332,277 

34,054,457 
25,229,218 
9,425,239 
7,623,788 
4,885,881 


3,266,114 

2,299,269 

1,293,890 

1,005,379 

928,337 

32,783 


9,813,266 

6,954,765 
4,208,191 
2,746,664 
2,641,693 
203,466 


9,392,839 

7,482,146 
4,945,547 
2,636,599 
1,741,016 
166,431 


6,092,866 

4,999,117 

3,365,357 

1,633,760 

944,767 

125,864 


6,134,606 

3,926,706 

3,708,417 

217,289 

172,872 

2,029,808 


4,246,169 

2,877,060 

2,772,692 

104,468 

50,542 

1,315,792 


4,644,606 

3,307,345 

2,997,129 

310,216 

202,742 

994,025 


1,478,018 

1,126,126 

799, 33r 

326,790 

286,022 

11,766 


2,365,906 

1,682,933 

1,138,765 

544,168 

555,898 

15,946 


Female. 


Males 

to  100 

le- 

males. 


44,639,989 

33,731,955 

24,259,357 

9,472,598 

5,821,757 

4,941,882 


3,287,667 

2,366,859 

1,319,529 

1,(M7,330 

886,049 

33,623 


9,602,626 

7,099,518 
4,254,770 
2,844,748 
2,184,586 
214,404 


8,867,782 

7, 378, 256 
4,806,421 
2,571,835 
1,328,205 
144,406 


6,646,066 

4,739,273 

3,158,330 

1,580,943 

068,464 

116,798 


6,060,290 

3,855,342 

3,632,788 

222,554 

117,683 

2,082,680 


4,164,732 

2,790,409 

2,679,900 

110,509 

36,315 

1,336,721 


4,240,029 

3,065,387 

2,770,320 

295,007 

146,017 

990,401 


1,155,499 

957,419 
667,294 
«90,125 
150,888 
9,701 


1,826,398 

1,479,492 

970,005 

509,487 

305,550 

13,249 


1900 


Male. 


106.0 

102.7 
104.0 

99.6 
129.2 

98.9 


99.3 

97.1 
98.1 
90.0 
104.8 
97.8 


103.3 

98.0 
98.9 
96.6 
120.9 
94.9 


106.0 

101.4 
102.9 
98.0 
131.3 
108.3 


109.9 

106.5 
106.6 
103.3 
141.3 
107.8 


101.2 

101.8 
102.1 

97.6 
146.9 

97.6 


101.9 

103.1 
103.5 

94.5 
139.2 

98.4 


107.2 

107.9 
108.2 
105.1 
138.8 
100.4 


127.9 

117.6 
119.8 
112.0 
189.0 
121.3 


129.6 

113.8 
117.4 
106.8 
181.91 
120.4 


38,816,448 

28,686,450 
20,849,84' 
7,836,603 
6,516,285 
4,386,647 


2,763,796 

2,020,861 

1,243,718 

777,143 

709,260 

28,579 


7,761,081 
6,868,471 
3,687,384 
2,  in, 087 
1,728,492 
169,711 


•,177,308 
6,612,063 
4,311,913 
2,300,150 
1,420,384 
134,446 


6,412,014 
4,401,386 
2,033,804 
1,407,681 
866,986 
121,272 


6,222,696 

3,266,609 

3,073,951 

102,668 

115,360 

1,836,625 


3,809,666 

2,514,132 

2,400,720 

113,412 

60,706 

1,243,082 


3,372,266 

2,339,975 

2,095,999 

243,976 

151,333 

846,797 


940,038 

704,452 
471,222 
233,230 
179,990 
9,104 


1,367,694 

968,502 
031,136 
337,366 
292, 775 
8,032 


Female. 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


37,178,127 

27, 908, 929 
20,099,515 
7,809,414 
4,698,532 
4,447,447 


2,828,221 

2,069,293 

1,267,392 

801,901 

727,612 

30,520 


7,693,697 
6,960,275 
3,719,195 
2,231,080 
1,573,624 
186,210 


7,808,273 
6,477,093 
4,176,103 
2,301,590 
1,109,913 
123,397 


4,936,400 
4,133,327 
2,727,009 
1,406,328 
664,120 
116,637 


6,220,886 
3,230,566 
3,033,363 
197,203 
93,523 
1,893,492 


3,738,001 
2,441,033 
2,325,054 
115,979 
38,976 
1,250,804 


3,160,034 

2,167,080 

1,9,32,945 

234,135 

112,677 

847,269 


734,619 

587,042 
383,879 
203,163 
108,371 


1,068,998 

852,620 
534,485 
318, 135 
179,716 
6,632 


104.4 

102.8 
103.7 
100.3 
117.4 


97.7 

97.7 
98.1 
90.0 
97.6 
03.6 


100.9 

98.6 
09.1 
97.3 
109.8 
96.1 


104.7 
102.1 
103.3 
99.9 
118.4 
109.0 


109.7 
106.6 
107.6 
104.4 
130.6 
104.0 


100.0 

101.1 
101.3 

97.7 
123.3 

96.9 


101.9 
103.0 
103.3 

97.8 
130.1 

98.9 


106.7 

108.0 
108.4 
104.2 
134.3 
99.9 


128.0 

120.0 
122.8 
114.8 
166.1 
140.4 


128.2 
113.6 
118.1 
106.0 
162.9 
121.1 


In  the  foreign-bom  white  population  the  number  of 
males  to  100  females  in  1910  was  highest  in  the  Moun- 
tain division  (189.6),  almost  as  high  in  the  Pacific  divi- 
sion (181.9),  and  lowest  in  New  England  (104.8).  In 
the  other  divisions  it  ranged  from  120.9  in  the  Middle 


Atlantic  to  146.9  in  the  South  Atlantic.  The  highest 
state  ratios  were  for  Nevada  (331.4  to  100),  Wyoming 
(287.2),  West  Vii^inia  (261.8),  Montana  (238.4),  Idaho 
(227.5),  and  Oregon  (209.9);  the  lowest  was  that  for 
Massachusetts  (99.5).  In  every  division,  and  in  every 
state  except  Virginia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  and  Ar- 
kansas, the  proportion  of  males  among  foreign-born 
whites  was  greater  in  1910  than  it  was  in  1900. 

The  negro  population  in  1910  showed  an  excess  of 
females  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South  Central 
divisions,  the  two  divisions  where  negroes  are  most 
numerous,  but  a  slight  excess  of  males  appeared  in 
the  West  South  Central  division.  Among  the  other 
divisions  females  were  in  excess  in  the  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  only,  the  excess  of  males 
in  the  other  four  divisions  being  doubtless  due  to  a  pre- 
ponderance of  males  among  negroes  migrating  from 
the  South. 

The  sex  distribution  of  the  Indian,  the  Chinese,  and 
the  Japanese  population  in  1910  is  shown  in  Table 
24  for  the  United  States  and  for  the  states  in  which 
these  elements  are  relatively  numerous. 


Table  24 


TTnlted  States. 

Oklahoma 

Arizona 

New  Mexico 

South  Dakota 

Cali/omia 

Washington 

Montana , 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Michigan 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

New  York 

Nevada , 

Oregon , 

Nebraska , 

Idaho , 

Utah , 

Elansas 

All  other  states 


Male. 


Female. 


Males 

to  100 

females. 


XTnited  States 

California 

Oregon 

New  York 

Washington 

Massachusetts 

lUinois 

Pennsylvania 

Arizona 

Montana 

New  Jersey 

All  other  states 


United  States 

California 

Washington 

Oregon 

Colorado 

Utah 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Idaho 

New  York 

All  other  states 


136,133 

130,660 

37,690 

37,135 

16,056 

14, 145 

10,420 

10,153 

9,540 

9,597 

8,356 

8,015 

5,487 

6,610 

5,384 

5,361 

5,231 

4,911 

4,578 

4,475 

3,968 

3,551 

3,964 

3,887 

3,224 

3,262 

3,075 

2,971 

2,633 

2,607 

2,534 

2,556 

1,777 

1,725 

1,767 

1,721 

1,673 

1,450 

1,394 

1,050 

7,382 

6,468 

103.6 

101.5 
106.4 
102.6 

99.4 
104.3 

99.6 
100.4 
106.6 
102.3 
11L7 
102.0 

98.8 
103.6 
101.0 

99.1 
103.0 
102.7 
115.4 
132.8 
114.1 


66,866 

4,876 

33,003 

3,245 

7,043 

320 

5,065 

201 

2,519 

190 

2,518 

64 

2,030 

73 

1.749 

35 

1,242 

63 

1,227 

58 

1,089 

50 

9,371 

376 

1,430.1 

1,017.0 
2,200.9 
2,519.9 
1,325.8 


(') 
2,492.3 


68,070 

9,087 

35,116 

6,240 

11,241 

1,688 

3,124 

294 

2,192 

108 

2,021 

89 

1.559 

26 

1,549 

47 

1,293 

70 

1,080 

167 

3. 895 

358 

694.1 

562.8 

665.9 

1.062.6 

2,029.6 


046.7 
1,088.0 


1  Ratio  not  shown,  the  number  of  females  being  less  than  100. 


100 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

MALES  AND  FEMALES,  BY  STATES:  1910. 


Table  26 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnlted  Statei... 

Nbw  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Kast  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central; 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia , 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

-''      Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma^ 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


TOTAL  population. 


1910 


Male. 


47,332,277 


377,052 
216,290 
182,568 
,655,248 
270, 314 
563,642 

584,597 
286,463 
942,206 

434,758 

383,295 
911,674 
454,534 
208, 578 

108, 511 
148, 171 
687,813 
317,554 
317, 112 
627, 782 
885,912 

103,435 
644,225 
158,050 

,035,348 
644,044 

,098,476 
751,842 

,305,019 
394,166 

,  161, 709 
,103,491 
,074,209 
905,760 

810,026 
835,275 
881,678 
,017,626 

226,872 
185,546 

91,670 
430,697 
175, 245 
118,574 
196,863 

52,551 

658,663 
384,265 
,322,978 


Female. 


44,639,989 


365,319 
214, 282 
173,388 
1, 711, 168 
272,296 
551, 114 

4,529,017 
1,250,704 
3,722,905 

2,332,363 
1,317,581 
2, 726, 917 
1,355,639 
1, 125, 282 

967, 197 
1,078,600 
1,605,522 
259, 502 
266, 776 
564,432 
805,037 

98,887 
651, 121 
173,019 

1,026,264 
577,075 

1,107,811 
763,558 

1,304,102 
358,453 

1, 128, 196 

1,081,298 

1,063,884 

891,354 

764,423 

821, 113 

775,577 

1,878,916 

149, 181 
140,048 

54,295 
368,327 
■152,056 

85,780 
176,488 

29,324 

483,327 

288,500 

1,064,571 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


106.0 


103.2 
100.9 
105.3 
96.7 
99.3 
102.3 

101.2 
102.9 
105.9 

104.4 
105.0 
106. 8 
107.3 
107.4 

114.6 
106.6 
105.1 
122.4 
118.9 
111.2 
110.0 

104.6 
98.9 
91.3 
100.9 
111.6 
99.2 
98.5 
100.1 
110.0 

103.0 
102.1 
101.0 
101.6 

106.0 
101.7 
113.7 
107.4 

152.1 
132.5 
168.8 
116.9 
115.3 
138.2 
111.5 
179.2 

136.3 
133.2 
126.5 


1900 


Male. 


38,816,448 


350,995 
205,379 
175, 138 
1,367,474 
210, 516 
454,294 

3,614,780 

941,760 

3,204,541 

2,102,665 
1,285,404 
2,472,782 
1,248,905 
1,067,562 


1, 156, 849 
1,595,710 
177, 493 
216,164 
564,592 
768, 716 

94,158 
589,275 
132,004 
925,897 
499,242 
938,677 
664,895 
1, 103, 201 
275, 246 

1,090,227 

1,021,224 

916, 764 

781,451 

675,312 

694,733 

423,311 

1,578,900 

149,842 
93,367 
68,184 

295,332 

104,228 
71,795 

141,687 
26,603 

304,178 
232,985 
820,631 


Female. 


87,178,127 


343,471 
206,200 
168,503 
1,437,872 
218,040 
454,126 

3,654,114 

941,909 

3,097,574 

2,054,890 
1,231,058 
2,348,768 
1,172,077 
1,001,480 

818,904 
1,075,004 
1,510,955 
141,658 
185,406 
501,708 
701,779 

90,577 
598,769 
146,714 
928,287 
459,558 
955,133 
675,431 
1, 113, 130 
253,296 

1,056,947 
999,392 
911,933 
769,819 

636,252 

686,892 

367,080 

1,469,810 

93,487 
68,405 
34,347 

244,368 
91,082 
51,136 

135,062 
16,732 

213,925 
180,561 
664,522 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


103.9 
96.1 
96.5 

100.0 

98.9 
100.0 
103.5 

102.3 
104.4 
105.3 
106.6 
106.6 

113.9 
107.6 
105.6 
125.3 
116.6 
112.6 
109.5 

104.0 
98.4 
90.0 
99.7 

108.6 
98.3 
98.4 
99.1 

108.7 

103.1 
102.2 
100.6 
101.6 

106.1 
101.1 
115.3 
107.4 

160.3 
136.5 
169.4 
120.9 
114.4 
140.4 
104.9 
153.0 

142.2 
129.0 
123.6 


42,178,245 


tthke: 
1910 


Male. 


375, 766 
215, 918 
181,372 
1,633,487 
265,242 
555,821 

4,511,327 
1,241,482 
3,843,539 

2,376,082 
1,351,792 
2,852,386 
1,441,281 
1,201,620 

1,099,425 
1,139,621 

1,606,556 
313,861 
306,952 
621,042 
856,437 

87,387 
529,072 
115,001 
704,363 
607,326 
>54,852 
343,544 
724,488 
232,545 

1,030,033 
869, 622 
625,891 
402,056 

586,420 

480,460 

771, 770 

1,671,437 

217,620 
181,237 

87, 497 
421,471 
163,442 
100,871 
192, 118 

47,892 

635,496 

870,345 

1,232,990 


Female. 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


39,553,712     106.6 


364,229 
213,988 
172, 926 
1,691,439 
287,250 
543,076 

4,455,518 
1,204,412 
3,624,174 

2,278,815 
1,288,169 
2,674,576 
1,343,966 
1,118,986 

959,802 
1,069,570 
1,528,376 
256,004 
256,819 
559,251 
777,915 

83,715 
533,567 
121,127 
686,446 
549, 491 
746,659 
336,617 
707,314 
211,089 

997,918 
841,810 
602,941 
384,055 

544,606 

460,626 

672, 761 

1,533,411 

142,960 
137,984 

52,821 
361,944 
141, 1.52 

70,597 
174,465 

26,384 

473,615 

284,746 

1,026,682 


103.2 
100.9 
104.9 
96.6 
99.2 
102.3 

101.3 
103.1 
106.1 

104.3 
104.9 
106.6 
107.2 
107.4 

114.5 
106.5 
105.1 
122.6 
119.6 
111.0 
110.1 

104.4 
99.2 
94.9 
102.8 
110.6 
101.2 
102.4 
102.4 
110.2 

103.2 
108.3 
103.8 

104.7 

107.7 
104.3 
114.7 
109.0 

152.2 
131.3 
165.6 
116.4 
115.8 
142.9 
110.1 
181.5 

134.2 
130.1 
120.1 


negro: 
1910 


Male. 


4,885,881 


700 

288 

1,173 

18,748 

4,645 

7,229 

64,034 
43,602 
95,830 

57,996 

31,044 

56,909 

9,007 

1,476 

4,183 

8,120 

80,489 

381 

468 

4,259 

27,964 

16,011 
114,749 

42,615 
330,542 

36,607 
389,681 
408,078 
680,263 
161,362 

131,492 
233, 710 
447,794 
502,796 

223,323 

353,824 

71,937 

344,941 

1,058 
398 

1,644 

5,867 
891 

1,064 
691 


3,736 

907 

11,303 


Female. 


4,941,882 


663 

276 

448 

19,307 

4,884 

7,945 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


53,457 
29,276 
52, 140 
8,108 
1,424 

2,901 
6,863 
76,963 
236 
349 
3,430 
26,066 

15, 170 
117, 501 

51,831 
340, 564 

27,566J 
358, 262 
427,765 
696,724 
147,307 

130,164 
239,378 
460,488 
506,691 

219,568 

360,050 

65,676 

345,108 

776 
253 
691 
5,586 
737 
966 
453 
260 

2,322 

585 

10,342 


105.6 
104.3 
261.8 
97.1 
95.1 
91.0 


70, 157  91. 3 
46, 168|  94. 5 
98,089       97.7 


108.5 
106.0 
109.1 
111.1 
103.7 

144.2 
118.5 
104.6 
161.4 
134.1 
124.2 
107.3 

105.5 
97.7 
82.2 
97.1 

132.8 
94.8 
95.4 
97.2 

109.6 

101.0 
97.6 
97.2 
99.2 

101.7 
98.3 
109.5 
100.0 

136.3 
157.3 
223.4 
105.0 
120.9 
110.4 
152.5 
105.2 

160.9 
155.0 
109.3 


indian,  chinese, 

japanese,  and  all 

other: 

1910 


Male. 


268,151 


586 

84 

23 

3,013 

427 
592 

9,236 
1,379 
2,837 

681 

459 

2,379 

4,246 

5,482 

4,903 
430 
768 
3,322 
9,692 
2,481 
1,511 

37 
404 
434 
443 
111 
4,043 
220 
268 


184 
159 
524 
908 


991 

37,871 

1,248 

8,194 
3,911 
2,629 
3,369 
10,912 
16,649 
4,054 
4,396 

19,431 
13,013 


Fe- 
male. 


144,395 


427 

IS 

14 

422 

162 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


185.7 


137.2 

(») 

(') 

714.0 

263.6 

0) 


3,342  276.4 
1341,029.1 
642     441.9 


91 

136 

201 

3,565 

4,923 

4,494 
177 
183 
3,262 
9,608 
1,751 
1,056 

2 
53 
61 
264 
18 
3,890 
176 
64 
57 

114 
110 
465 
608 

249 

437 

37, 141 

397 

5,445 

1,811 

783 

797 

10, 167 

14,228 

1,570 

2,690 

7,390 
3,170 
17,547 


0) 

337.5 

1,183.6 

119.1 

111.4 

109.1 
242.9 
419.7 
101.8 
100.0 
141.7 
143.1 

(0 
(») 
(') 

167.8 

(') 

103.9 

125.0 

(•) 

0) 

161.4 
144.5 
116.2 
149.3 

113.7 
226.8 
102.0 
314.4 

150.5 
216.0 
335.  S 
421.6 
107.3 
117.0 
268.2 
163.4 

262.9 
410.5 
448.4 


t  Ratio  not  shown,  the  namber  of  females  being  less  than  100. 


» Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 

WHITE  MALES  AND  FEMALES,  BY  STATES:  1910, 


101 


Table  26 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnlted  States. 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

niinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  SotnrH  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central; 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma! 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

rAciric: 

Wasliington 

Oregon 

California 


NAnvE  white:  1910 


Total. 


Male. 


34,654,467  83,781,»&6 


317,798 
165,260 
153,450 
1,109,350 
174,659 
378,768 

3,078,904 

884,946 

2,990,905 

2,029,941 
1,254,609 
2,178,791 
1,107,624 
911, 181 

778,944 
082, 192 
1,474,700 
221,221 
247,256 
519,461 
776,343 

7r,463 
474, 756 
102,084 
687,635 
566,027 
751, 107 
339,825 
714,970 
211,840 

1,008,422 
858,475 
614,065 
396,098 

575,813 

460,817 

746,100 

1,534,615 

153,060 
153,165 

67,382 
343,397 
148,610 

70,285 
156, 172 

34,065 

474,775 
300,586 
907,573 


Female. 


312,064 
168,096 
150,987 
1, 164, 517 
179,808 
391,386 

3,158,660 

902,760 

3,038,089 

2,027,711 
1,226,030 
2,145,611 
1,082,099 
806,806 

787,278 
053,616 
1,431,336 
192,476 
216, 887 
484,967 
723,819 

76,219 
483,710 
109,693 
675,546 
533,718 
743,462 
333,282 
701, 760 
197,952 

979,476 
834,498 
595,811 
380,624 

538,304 

438,487 

658,347 

1,430,249 

115,876 
125,639 

45,818 
313, 167 
133,330 

54,359 
147,018 

22,212 

393, 139 
251,504 
834,849 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


102.7 


101.8 
98.3 

101.6 
95.3 
97.1 

oe.8 

97.6 

08. 

98.4 

100.1 
102.3 
101.5 
102.4 
101.6 

106.7 
103.0 
103.0 
114.9 
114.6 
107.1 
107.1 

101.6 
98.1 
93.1 
101.8 
106.1 
101.0 
102.0 
101.9 
107.0 

103.0 
102.9 
103.1 
104.1 

107.0 
102.8 
113.3 
107.3 

132.1 
121.9 
147.1 
109.7 
111.5 
129.3 
106.2 
153.4 

120.8 
119.5 
108.7 


Native  parentage. 


Male. 


36,229,218  24,269,367     1010 


249,738 
114,638 
116,227 
538,004 
79,736 
195,468 

1,606,024 

502,171 

2,099,396 

1,527,978 

1,079,947 

1,324,922 

625,032 

387,  fl« 

301,552 
663,009 
1,218,666 
89,162 
133,071 
334,144 
624,958 

64,680 
381,306 

80,607 
667,046 
636,086 
746,716 
334,338 
702,049 
193,802 

948,864 
839,497 
697,894 
386,337 

666,409 

396,356 

695,666 

1,348,808 

94,467 
112,310 
48,652 
250,989 
134,528 
47,370 
89,205 
21,809 

324,335 
228,772 
585,658 


Female. 


245,160 
115,603 
113,155 
565,335 
80,086 
200,181 

1,623,701 

507,788 

2,123,331 

1,506,281 

1,050,141 

1,275,633 

599,809 

376,667 

273,529 
689,617 
1,109,209 
73,299 
112,581 
307.981 
582,104 

03,120 
386,232 

86,204 
657,292 
505,122 
730,003 
327,632 
689,009 
180,165 

914,330 
815, 109 
579,565 
370,896 

521, 100 

380,231 

614,847 

1,254,142 

67,660 
91,289 
32,044 
224,147 
121,081 
35,098 
82,468 
13,517 

261,051 
188,079 

520,875 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 


Male. 


9,486,239   9,472,598 


101.9 
99.2 

102.7 
95.2 
99.6 
97.6 

98.9 
98.9 
98.9 

101.6 
102.8 
103.9 
104.2 
103.2 

110.2 

103 

104.2 

121.6 

118.2 

108.6 

107.4 

102.5 
99.0 
93.4 
101.6 
106.3 
101.0 
102.0 
101.9 
107.6 

103.8 
103.0 
103.2 
104.2 

106.8 
104.2 
113.1 
107.5 

139.6 
123.0 
151.8 
112.0 
111.1 
135.0 
108.2 
161.3 

124.2 
121.6 
112.4 


68,060 
50,622 
37,223 

571,266 
94,924 

183.285 

1,472,280 
382,776 
801,609 

501,963 
174,662 
853,869 
482,692 
523,513 

477,392 
318,283 
256,134 
132,069 
114, 185 
185,317 
160,390 

12, 783 
03,360 
21,577 
19,689 
29,042 
4,392 
5,487 
12,921 
18,038 

59,658 
18,978 
16, 171 
9,761 

19,404 
54,461 
60,644 
186,807 

58,593 
40,846 
18,730 
92,408 
14,082 
22,915 
66,967 
12,256 

150,440 

71,813' 

321,915 


Female. 


66,895 
62,495 
37,832 

590,182 
99,722 

191,204 

1,534,968 
305,022 
914, 758 

522,430 
175,889 
869,978 
482,290 
621,248 

468,744 
313,896 
282,067 
119,177 
103,306 
177,036 
141, 715 

13,090 
98,478 
23,489 
18,264 
28,596 
4,459 
5,650 
12,761 
17, 787 

66,140 
19,389 
16,246 
9,728 

17,204 
58,266 
43,500 
176, 107 

48,216 
34,360 
13, 774 
89,020 
12,249 
19,261 
64,560 
8,695 

132,088 

63,425 

313,974 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


99.6 


101.7 
96.4 
98.4 
95 

95.2 
95.9 

95.9 
96.9 
97.5 

96.1 
99.3 
98.1 
100.1 
100.4 

102.9 
101.4 
97.7 
110.8 
110.5 
104.7 
106.1 

07.7 
04.8 
01.9 
107.9 
101.6 
98.5 
97.1 
101.3 
101.4 

91.4 
97.9 
99.5 
100.3 

112.8 
93.5 
116.2 
105.6 

121.5 
118.9 
136.0 
103.8 
115.0 
119.0 
103.7 
141.0 

113.9 
113.2 
102.5 


POREIGN-BOEN  WHITE. 


1910 


Male. 


7  523,788  5,821,767 


57,968 
50,668 
27,922 

524,128 
90,583 

177,068 

1,432,423 
350,536 
852,634 

346,141 
97,183 
678,595 
333,657 
290,439 

320,481 
157,429 
131,866 
92,630 
69,696 
101,581 
81,004 

9,924 
64,317 
12,917 
16,728 
41,299 
3,746 
3,719 
9,518 
20,706 

21,611 
11, 147 
11,820 
6,958 

10,607 
29,643 
25,670 
136,822 

64,560 
28,082 
20,115 
78,074 
14,832 
30,586 
35,946 
13,827 

160, 721 

69,760 

325, 417 


Female. 


52,166 
46,890 
21,939 

526,922 
87,442 

151,691 

1,296,849 
301,652 
580,086 

251,104 
62, 139 
528,965 
261,867 
222,130 

222,529 
116.055 
97,040 
63,528 
40,932 
74, 284 
54,096 

7,496 
49,857 
11,434 
9,900 
16,773 
2,197 
2,335 
5,554 
13, 137 

18,442 
7,312 
7,130 
3,431 

6,302 

22,139 

14,414 

103, 162 

27,084 
12,345 
7,003 

48,777 
7,822 
16,238 
27,447 
"4, 172 

80,476 
33,241 
191,833 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


129.2    6,615,885  4,698,682 


111.1 
110.4 
127. 3 
99.6 
103.6 
116.7 

110.6 
118.2 
145.5 

137.8 
156.4 
127.3 
127.4 
130.8 

144.0 
136.7 
135.9 
145.8 
145.8 
136.7 
149.9 

132.4 
108.9 
113.0 
169.0 
261.8 
170.5 
159.3 
171.4 
157.6 

117.2 
152.4 
165.9 
173.7 

168.3 
133.9 
178.1 
132.6 

238.4 
227.5 
287.2 
160.1 
189.6 
188.4 
131.0 
331.4 

199.7 
209.9 
169.6 


1900 


Male. 


47,976 
44,387 
24,508 

404,001 
65,671 

122,817 

963,786 
323,116 
661,601 

246,664 
78,487 
517,648 
296, 192 
282,303 

287,473 
170,883 
119,565 
66,145 
.  50,967 
99,712 
72,240 

7,530 
47,005 
10,213 
12,034 
14,164 
2,712 
3,169 
7,283 
11,260 

26,440 
10,291 
8,949 
5,026 

8,911 

28,834 

12,678 

100.910 

43,200 
14,525 
11,586 
55,422 

8,270 
14,189 
26,728 

6,061 

67,078 
33,885 
191,812 


Female. 


44,959 
43,574 
20,186 

436,113 
68,201 

114, 579 

935,738 
206,934 
430,952 

211,236 
63,374 
446,987 
245,004 
233,312 

217,462 
134,899 
96,210 
46,445 
37,362 
77,406 
64,337 

6,199 
46,139 
9,30 
7,034 
8,215 
1,082 
2,212 
4,738 
7,997 

28,693 
7,295 
5,389 
2,599 

5,276 
23,019 

7,712 
76,671 

19,164 
7,365 
4,996 

35,053 
4,991 
8,206 

26,076 
2,S20 

35,047 
19,976 
124, 693 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


ilndtides  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


102 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


-  ^  '^  '  tTRBAX  AND  jftXJBAL  POPULATION. 

Table  27  gives  the  ratio  of  males  to  females  in  the 
total  population  and  the  principal  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  classes  in  urban  and  in  rural  communi- 
ties, respectively,  for  the  country  as  a  whole  and  for 
each  division  separately.  Table  28  shows  the  corre- 
sponding classification  by  sex.  The  accompanying  dia- 
gram shows  graphically  the  ratios  for  each  geographic 
division. 

MALES  TO  100  FEMALES  IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL 
COMMUNITIES:  1910. 


UNITED  STATES 


NEW  ENGLAND 


MJODUE  ATLANTIC. 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL 


Ri/RAL 


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RURAL ; 


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y/MM/M^/M'/MM 

mm^ss»Wjmmmmm^ 

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mmv/zmmmmmi^mM 

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URBAN 


— ^. ^J 


60UTH  ATLANTIC 


v/^/A'/MjmyMmm^ 


fiAST  SOOTH  CENTRAL, 


WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 


MOUNTAIN 


URBAN 

J 

1 

RURAU. 

_ 

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URBAN 


PACIFIQ 


Of  the  aggregate  urban  population  of  the  United 
States  in  1910,  21,496,181  were  males  and  21,127,202 
females,  the  number  of  males  to  100  females  being 
101.7.     Of  the  aggregate  rural  population,  25,836,096 


were  males  and  23,512,787  females,  the  number  of 
males  to  100  females  being  109.9.  In  each  class  of  the 
population  the  proportion  of  males  increased  between 
1900  and  1910— in  the  urban,  from  98.7  to  101.7  males 
to  100  females,  and  in  the  rural,  from  108.5  to  109.9. 

In  every  division  also  the  proportion  of  males,  both 
in  the  urban  and  in  the  rural  population,  increased 
between  1900  and  1910;  and  in  every  division,  as  in 
the  country  as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  males  in 
rural  communities  was  greater  than  in  urban.  In 
the  rural  population  of  each  division  the  males 
outnumbered  the  females,  but  in  the  urban  popu- 
lation of  three  divisions — the  New  England,  South 
Atlantic,  and  East  South  Central — the  females  out- 
numbered the  males. 

The  fact  that  females  form  a  larger  proportion  of  the 
population  in  urban  than  in  rural  communities  through- 
out the  United  States  exists  despite  the  fact  that  the 
foreign-bom  whites — a  class  in  which,  as  previously 
noted,  males  are  greatly  in  the  majority — are  largely 
concentrated  in  cities. 

The  higher  proportion  of  females  in  the  cities  is 
generally  attributed,  at  least  in  part,  to  the  fact  that 
the  city  as  compared  with  the  country  affords  more 
opportunities  for  women  to  find  employment.  Differ- 
ences in  birth  and  death  rates  also  probably  affect  it. 


Table  27 


DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OF 
COMMUNITY. 


TTalted  States 

Urban  

Rural 

New  England 

Urban 

Rural 

Middle  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  North  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

West  North  Central 

Urban 

Rural 

SoxTTH  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  South  Central.. 

Urban 

Rural 

West  South  Central., 

Urban 

Rural , 

Mountain 

Urban 

Rural 

Pacific 

Urban 

Rural 


males  to  100  females. 


Total  population. 


1910 


106.0 
101.7 
10S.9 


00.3 
07.8 
107.4 

103.3 
100.6 
110.1 

106.0 
103.2 
109.3 

109.9 
104.fi 
112.7 

101.2 
94.1 
103.8 

101.9 
94.5 
103.7 

107.2 
101.2 
109.0 

127.9 
113.3 
137.0 

120.6 
120.2 
143.0 


1900 


104.4 

98.7 

108.5 


97.7 
95.7 
106.1 

100.9 
98.0 
106.6 

104.7 
99.7 
109.1 

109.7 
102.8 
112.5 

100.0 
91.6 
102.5 

101.9 
94.0 
103.4 

106.7 
96.6 
108.8 

128.0 
111.7 
136.6 

128.2 
118.0 
137.9 


Native  white: 
1910 


Native 
parent- 


104.0 
99.3 
106.7 


98.1 
95.5 
104.6 

08.9 
96.1 
102.5 

102.9 
09.3 
105.6 

106.6 
102.6 
108.4 

102.1 
96.0 
103.9 

103.6 
97.9 
104.6 

108.2 
104.2 
109.2 

119.8 
110.8 
124.9 

117.4 
111.2 
124.9 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parent' 


99.5 
94.6 
109.6 


96.0 
95.2 
104.6 

96.6 
94.9 
104.8 

98.6 
93.4 
107.9 

103.8 
93.2 
109.0 

97.6 
93.1 
100.8 

04.6 
88.6 
110.1 

106.1 
06.1 
112.1 

112.6 
99.6 
123.2 

106.8 
99.2 
120.4 


Foreign- 
born 
white: 
1910 


129.2 
118.9 
161.1 


104.8 
103.1 
128.1 

120.9 
114.0 
165.9 

131.3 
127.7 
140.7 

141.3 
134.8 
146.7 

146.9 
121.1 
219.3 

139.2 
123.3 
179.2 

138.8 
124.9 
148.8 

189.6 
141.0 
233.7 

181.0 
166.8 
236.0 


Negro: 
1910 


98.9 
90.8 
102.1 


97.8 
95.2 
131.8 

94.9 
90.8 
114.8 

108.3 
104.6 
121.4 

107.8 
104.1 
116.8 

97.5 
86.0 
101.0 

08.4 
87.9 
101.1 

100.4 
90.6 
103.3 

121.3 
106.2 
177.1 

120.4 
110.3 
190.1 


CLASSIFICATION   OF   POPULATION   BY  SEX. 

MALES  AND  FEMALES  IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


103 


Table  28 


DIVISION  AKD  CLASS  OF 
COMMUNITY. 


TTnited  States... 

Urban 

Rural 

New  England 

Urban 

Rural 

Middle  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  North  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

West  North  Central 

Urban 

Rural 

South  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  South  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

West  South  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

Mountain 

Urban 

Rural 

Pacdtc 

Urban 

Rural 


total  population. 


1910 


Male. 


47, 332, 277 
21,496,181 
25, 836, 096 


3,265,114 

2,696,799 

568,315 

9,813,266 
6,882,582 
2,930,684 

9,392,839 
4,885,039 
4,507,800 

6,092,855 
1,979,084 
4,113,771 

6,134,605 
1,499,281 
4,635,324 

4,245,169 

764,684 

3,480,485 

4,544,505 

984,724 

3,669,781 

1,478,018 
603,331 
974,687 

2,365,906 
1,300,657 
1,065,249 


Female. 


44,639,989 
21, 127, 202 
23, 512, 787 


3,287,567 

2,758,546 

529,021 

9,502,626 
0,840,791 
2,661,836 

8, 857, 782 
4,732,232 
4,125,550 

5,545,066 
1,894,632 
3,050,434 

6,060,290 
1,592,872 
4,467,418 

4,164,732 

809,645 

3,365,187 

4,240,029 

972,732 

3,267,297 

1,156,490 
444,180 
711, 319 

1,826,398 

1,081,672 

744,726 


1900 


Male. 


38,816,448 
15, 298, 189 
23, 618, 259 


2,763,796 

2,186,301 

577,496 

7,761,081 
4,980,332 
2,774,749 

8,177,308 
3,604,539 
4,572,769 

5,412,014 
1,493,490 
3,918,524 

6,222,696 
1,067,304 
4,166,291 

3,809,666 

648,048 

3,261,618 

3,372,256 

619,087 

2,863,160 

940,038 
286,668 
664,370 

1,357,094 
607,420 
750,274 


Female. 


37, 178, 127 
15,498,996 
21, 679, 131 


2,828,221 

2,283,878 

544,343 

7,603,697 
6,089,551 
2,604,046 

7,808,273 
3,615,436 
4,192,837 

4,935,409 
1,453,064 
3,482,365 

5,220,885 
1,166,328 
4,066,667 

3,738,091 

683,008 

3,165,083 

3,160,034 

638,110 

2,621,924 

734,619 
266,605 
478,924 

1,058,908 
514,936 
644,062 


native  white:  1910 


Native  parentage. 


Male. 


25,229,218 

8, 893, 553 

16, 335, 665 


1,203,890 
902,205 
391,505 

4,208,101 
2,312,444 
1,805,747 

4,945,547 
2,000,500 
2,946,047 

3,365,357 
1,004,257 
2,361,100 

3,708,417 

821,026 

2,887,392 

2,772,692 

423,791 

2,348,801 

2,007,120 

682,070 

2, 414, 150 

700,330 
257,040 
541,381 

1,138,766 
688,813 
660,462 


Female. 


24,259,357 

8,956,091 

15,303,266 


1,319,520 
945,189 
374,340 

4,254,770 
2,406,019 
1,848,751 

4,806,421 
2,014,169 
2,792,252 

3,158,330 

980,070 

2,178,260 

3,632,788 

854,794 

2,777,004 

2,679,900 

433,035 

2,246,865 

2,770,320 

669,657 

2,210,663 

667,294 
233,880 
433,414 

970,005 
529.278 
440,727 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Male. 


9,425,239 
6,001,484 
3,423,755 


1,005,379 

909,877 
95,502 

2,746,564 

2,242,400 

504,164 

2,536,599 
1,634,565 
1,002,034 

1,633,760 

525,789 

1,107,971 

217,289 
151, 125 
66,104 

104,468 
70,406 
34,062 

310,216 
115, 165 
105,051 

326,706 
120,305 
107, 401 

544,168 
322,852 
221,316 


Female. 


9,472,598 
6,345,416 
3,127,182 


1,047,330 
956,016 
91,314 

2,844,748 

2,363,581 

481, 107 

2,571,835 

1,643,127 

928,708 

1,580,943 

564,280 

1,016,663 

222,564 
162,290 
60,264 

110,609 
79,576 
30,933 

295,067 
121,124 
173,943 

200,125 
129,826 
160,290 

509,487 
326,596 
183,891 


foreign-born 

■white: 

1910 


Male. 


7,623,788 
6, 234, 642 
2,289,148 


928,337 
850,950 
77,387 

2,641,693 

2,156,963 

484,630 

1,741,015 

1,227,819 

513, 196 

944,767 
362,667 
582,100 

172,872 
106,016 
67,866 

50,542 
31,978 
18,564 

202,742 
75,964 
126,778 

286,022 
101,420 
184,602 

555,898 
321,865 
234,033 


Female. 


5,821,757 
4,400,727 
1,421,030 


886,049 
825,040 
60,409 

2,184,586 

1,892,514 

292,072 

1,326,205 
961,472 
364,733 

668,464 
269,029 
399,435 

117,683 
86,740 
30,943 

36,315 
25,964 
10,361 

146,017 
60,844 
85,173 

150,888 
71,911 
78,977 

305,550 

206,623 

98,927 


NEQBO: 
1910 


Male. 


4, 885, 881 
1,279,484 
3,606,397 


32,783 
29,^6 
3,087 

203,466 
161,453 
42,013 

156,431 
117,883 
38,648 

125,804 
83,809 
42,056 

2,029,808 

420,619 

1,609,189 

1,315,792 

238,203 

1,077,689 

094,025 
207,124 
786,901 

11,766 
7,918 
3,848 

15,046 
12,779 
3,167 


Female. 


4,941,882 
1,409,745 
3,632,137 


33,523 
31, 181 
2,342 

214,404 
177, 793 
36,011 

144,405 
112,650 
31,746 

116,798 
80,492 
36,306 

2,082,080 

488,901 

1,593,779 

1,336,721 

270,894 

1,066,827 

990,401 
228,714 
761,687 

8,701 
7,528 
2,173 

13,249 
11,583 
1,666 


The  proportion  of  males  is  lower  in  urban  than  in 
rural  communities  not  only  for  the  total  population, 
but  also  for  each  of  the  principal  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  groups.  Thus  in  1910  In  the  native  white 
population  of  native  parentage  there  were  99.3  males 
to  100  females  in  urban  communities  as  compared  with 
106.7  in  rural.  For  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage  the  ratios  were,  respectively,  94.6  to 
100  for  urban  and  109.5  to  100  for  rural  communities. 
A  still  greater  disparity  appeared  in  the  case  of  the 
foreign-bom  whites,  there  being  118.9  males  to  100 
females  (itself  a  high  ratio)  in  this  class  in  urban  com- 
munities and  161.1  in  rural  communities.  For  negroes 
the  corresponding  ratios  were  90,8  and  102.1  to  100. 

Especially  striking  are  the  very  high  ratios  of  males 
to  females  among  the  foreign-bom  whites  in  the  rural 
population  of  the  South  Atlantic,  Mountain,  and  Pa- 
cific divisions.  The  total  number  of  foreign-bom 
whites  in  the  rural  districts  of  these  divisions,  how- 
ever, is  comparatively  small. 

In  the  three  southern  divisions,  where  negroes  are  the 
most  numerous,  there  was  only  a  slight  excess  of 
males  among  the  negroes  in  the  rural  population. 
The  ratio  of  males  to  females  among  negroes  in  the 
urban  communities  of  the  South,  however,  was  par- 
ticularly low,  ranging  in  1910  from  86  males  to  100 
females  in  the  South  Atlantic  division  to  90,6  in  the 
West  South  Central. 


PBINCIPAIi  CITIES. 

Table  29  classifies  by  sex  the  total  population  and 
the  principal  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage 
classes  in  each  of  the  50  principal  cities  in  1910,  and 
Table  31  shows  the  corresponding  ratios  of  males  to 
females.  The  total  number  of  persons  of  each  sex  in 
cities  of  25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants  is  shown  in 
Table  30, 

In  28  of  the  50  cities  of  over  100,000  inhabitants  the 
males  outnumbered  the  females  in  1910.  In  39  of  the 
cities  the  proportion  of  males  was  greater  in  1910  than 
it  was  in  1900,  and  in  11  it  was  less.  The  number 
of  males  to  100  females  in  1910  was  greatest  in 
Seattle  (136.2)  and  only  slightly  less  in  Portland, 
Greg,  (134,5),  Nashville  showed  the  smallest  propor- 
tion of  males,  or  89.6  males  to  100  females. 

Of  the  eight  cities  of  500,000  inhabitants  or  more, 
Baltimore  had  the  lowest  number  of  males  to  100 
females  (92.4)  in  1910  and  Cleveland  the  highest 
(106.6).  The  population  of  New  York  City  was 
almost  evenly  divided  by  sex;  in  Philadelphia  the 
females  outnumbered  the  males;  and  in  Chicago  the 
males  outnumbered  the  females. 

Among  the  negro  population  in  1910  the  females 
outnumbered  the  males  in  28  of  the  cities,  the  pro- 
portion of  males  being  very  low  in  the  southern  cities 
generally. 


104  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

MALES  AND  FEMALES  IN  THE  POPULATION  OF  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 


Table  29 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Oa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala. 
Boston,  Mass 


48,270 
74,501 

268, 195 
67,268 

329,703 

52,549 

212,502 

50, 161 

1,125,764 

177,  Sir 

289,262 
91,452 
58,848 

107,395 
Detroit;  Mich [      240, 354 


Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Buftalo,  N.  Y 

Cambridge,  Mass. . 

Chicago,  lU 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.. 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Columbus,  Ohio 
Dayton,  Ohio.. 
Denver,  Colo 


TOTAL  POPtJLATION. 


1910 


Male.        Female. 


Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  Cfity,  N.J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Louisville,  Ky... 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn.. 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn., 
New  Orleans,  La. . . 


NewYork,  N.  Y 

Manhattan  Borough. 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough... 

Queens  Borough 

Richmond  Borough. . 


Newark,  N.  J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Pittsburgh,  Pal.. 
Portland,  Oreg. . . 
Providence,  R.  I. 
Richmond,  Va... 
Rochester,  N.  Y. . 


St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minp 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 


Spokane,  Wash . . . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Worcester,  Mass. . . 


67,627 
55,539 
116,069 
137,457 
126,414 

162,669 
108,548 
51,525 
66,270 
189,488 

157,345 
62,155 
66,695 

163,239 

2,382,482 
1,186,659 

ei7,  im 

809, 791 
144,^5 

U,7ar 

173,389 
78,222 
64,802 
62,439 

760,463 

273,589 
118,868 
110,288 
60,905 
108,352 

346,068 
111,809 
236,901 
65,591 
136,773 

57,513 
68,806 
84,691 
168,060 
73,424 


61,983 
80,338 

290,290 
65,417 

340,882 

49,505 
211,213 

64,678 

1,059,519 

186,080 

271,401 
90,059 
57,729 
106,986 
225,412 

61,668 

67,032 

117,581 

130,322 

121,967 

156,629 
116,380 
64,769 
64,835 
184,369 

144,063 
68,209 
66,910 

175, 836 

2,384,401 

1,184,883 
213,860 
8S4,660 
139,836 
41,26S 

174,080 
71,952 
59,294 
63,161 

788,645 

260,316 
88,346 

114,038 
66,723 

109, 797 

340,961 
102,936 
180,011 
64, 276 
100,421 


68,443 

83,806 

173,019 

72,562 


1900 


Male.        Female. 


45,031 
41,377 

243,280 
19,626 

274,922 

36,381 
174,931 

44,477 
863,408 
167, 140 

192,616 
63,301 
42,142 
66,692 

139,242 

50,260 
42,470 
83,523 
104,027 
82,729 

50,519 
99,531 
44,949 
52,284 
140,536 

103,122 
38,366 
53,842 

136,068 

I  1,705,705 

918,259 

101,  758 

673,733 

77,547 

34,410 

121,027 
32,921 
64,093 
51,889 

634,485 

232,313 
53,128 
85,072 
39,936 
77,520 

288,197 
84,406 

184, 866 
51,216 
61,621 

21,167 
52,538 
65,604 
132,004 
69,082 


49,120 
48,496 

266, 677 
18,789 

286,970 

35, 615 
177, 466 

47,409 
835,167 
168,762 

189,152 
62,259 
43,191 
67,267 

146,462 

64,603 
46,096 
86,641 
102,406 
81,023 

61,960 
105,200 
50,020 
50,036 
144,779 

99,696 
42,509 
54,185 
161,036 

1, 731, 497 

931,834 

98, 751 

592,849 

75,4ii 

32,611 

126,043 
34,039 
48,462 
63,282 

669,212 

219,199 
37,298 
90,625 
45,114 
85,088 

287,041 
78,660 

157,916 
50,810 
29,150 

15,681 
55,836 
66,218 
146,714 
59,339 


NATIVE  white: 
1910 


Native  parentage. 


Male. 


21,462 
45,482 
125,702 
34,008 
77,368 

13,723 
59,915 
12,047 
226,666 
76, 659 


58,339 
36, 129 
63,529 
69,063 

7,637 
19,960 
74,209 
37,937 
77,861 

84,881 
66,678 
9,787 
31,210 
39,021 

50,676 
31,064 
18,358 
72,859 

466,111 

171,437 
46,431 

183,324 
40,430 
14,489 

46,430 
27,592 
27,578 
13, 775 
284,690 

87,602 
57, 596 
28,933 
33,429 
36, 779 

134,850 
32,622 
64, 627 
19,051 
69,007 


28,958 
37,392 
80,507 
20,205 


Female. 


23,011 
46,606 
135, 772 
32,304 
80,602 

13,433 
69,777 
13,568 
218,473 
78,278 

66,646 
58,607 
36, 172 
53,416 
56,043 

8,221 
20,817 
76,384 
36,924 
76,856 

86,086 
57,865 
10,936 
28,775 
39,802 

46,510 
32,633 
19,368 
74,614 

465,207 

172, 914 
46, 138 

192,224 
40,177 
IS,  764 

48,317 
27,606 
25,339 
14,617 
299,318 

88,487 
46,667 
31,033 
35, 701 
37,746 

134,986 
29,072 
50,832 
19,694 
46, 777 

25,348 
29,450 
37,755 
86,204 
21,216 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Male.       Female. 


17,242 
3,080 

64,478 

4,206 

126,648 

18,202 
88,756 
19,370 
446,684 
61,706 

109,419 
16,899 
12,045 
29,635 
91,905 

25,346 
19,967 
19,676 
53,892 
22,132 

36,446 
24,388 
20,208 
6, 90S 

87,348 

66,026 
3,287 
23,991 
34,423 

890, 781 
Jfil,lfi4 
90,631 
322, 597 
69,854 
16,265 

64,146 
2.3,904 
19,683 
24,401 
241,243 

93,363 
26,132 
39,727 
3,703 
39,864 

118,245 
46,782 
77,307 
26,565 
31, 178 

13,939 
22,259 
28,822 
21,577 
26,62ff 


19,291 
3,384 

70,392 

4,151 

130,456 

19,112 
94,918 
20,424 
466,117 
70,484 

114,489 
18,679 
13,514 
31,660 
96,350 

26,780 
22,800 
21,745 
66,209 
23,501 

39,310 
28,023 
21,734 
6,236 
95,182 

60,622 
3,864 
26,443 
39,821 

929,360 
418, 774 
94,515 
340,986 
61,115 
16,970 

68,204 
26,032 
19,912 
25,778 
256,542 

98,130 
24,877 
42,627 
3,961 
43,823 

128, 701 
47,616 
76,474 
28,866 
29,956 

13,338 
24,653 
30,561 
23,489 
28,125 


forhgk-born 

white: 

1910 


Male.       Female. 


9,031 

2,649 

38,636 

3,381 

117,786 

19,905 
62,796 
16,412 
427,860 
29,216 

108,573 

9,374 

8,173 

20,895 

86,332 

24,391 
15,240 
11,334 
42,456 
14,426 

33,275 
8,868 

21,434 
3,863 

62,579 

49,017 

1,577 

.22,541 

14,634 

987,952 
661,881 
77,948 
292,614 
42,338 
13,373 

58,114 
20,854 
15,081 
23,468 
193,994 

79,024 
27, 724 
38,768 
2,287 
31,241 

70,297 
31,532 
80,995 
19,661 
39,078 

13,404 
16,993 
17,491 
12,917 
25,948 


9,134 
1,761 
38,407 
2,319 
122,936 

16,275 
56,648 
18,196 
353,357 
27,576 

87,130 

6,911 

6,674 

18,046 

70,233 

26,483 
13,096 
8,433 
35,241 
10,901 

27,309 
8,568 

22,023 
2,614 

48,877 

36,921 

1,416 

20,243 

13,062 

939, 761 

542,338 
70,987 

278, 742 
36,779 
10,905 

62,541 
15,968 
11,987 
21,930 
188,684 

61,412 
16,056 
37,535 
1,798 
27,752 

65,409 
24,992 
49,879 
15,451 
21, 757 

7,816 
13,788 
14,546 
11,484 
22,544 


NEGSO: 

1910 


Male.    Female. 


497 

23,219 

39,054 

26,662 

6,664 

657 

933 

2,227 

22,685 

9,906 

4,341 

6,784 
2,475 
2,652 
2,986 

174 

347 

10,803 

3,020 

11,885 

3,682 

19,602 

62 

25,259 

478 

1,499 
16,229 

1,711 
40,946 

42, 143 

28,024 
1,911 

10,245 

i,UO 

623 

4,477 

1,614 

2,379 

710 

39,431 

13,351 

608 

2,577 

21,472 
424 

22, 168 
1,904 
1,025 
305 
1,394 

391 
579 
937 
42,615 
570 


540 

28,683 
45,695 
26,643 
6,900 

675 

840 

2,480 

21,418 

9,734 

4,107 
5,965 
2,367 
2,774 
2,766 

181 
318 

11,013 
2,940 

11, 681 

3,917 

20,920 

71 

27,182 

502 

1,093 
20,294 

1,850 
48,316 

49,  .566 
32,  510 

2,206 
12,463 

1,758 


4,998 

1,441 

2,047 

829 

45,028 

12,272 

437 

2,739 

25,261 

455 

21, 792 

],240 

617 

262 

902 

332 

545 

940 

51,831 

671 


'  Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 
MALES  AND  FEMALES  IN  THE  POPULATION  OF  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910. 


Table  30 


Alabama 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 
Little  Rock 

California 

Berkeley 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

Ban  Jose 

Colorado 

Colorado  Springs 

Pueblo 


Male. 


24,317 
17,805 

23,036 

19,618 
13,634 
26,332 
20,726 
14,399 

14,042 
24,865 


Female. 


27,204 
20,331 

22,906 

20,916 

16,607 
19,364 
18,852 
14,547 

15,036 
19,640 


Males 
to  100 
females. 


89.4 
87.6 

100.6 

93.3 
82.4 
130.8 
109.9 
99.0 

93.4 
127.2 


Connectlcat 

Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Meridencity 

New  Britain 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 


Male. 


49,211 
16,143 
13,717 
23,212 
13,567 
14,527 
12,838 
38,018 

43,938 

29,340 
19,554 


Female. 


49,704 
15,923 
13,548 
20,704 
14,652 
14,300 
12,600 
36,123 

43,473 

28,359 
18,228 


Males 

to  100 

females. 


99.0 
101.4 
101.3 
112.1 

92.6 
101.5 
101.  t 
108.2 


101.1 


103.5 
107.3 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  POPULATION  BY  SEX. 

MALES  AND  FEMALES  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  191<>-Continued. 


105 


Table  30— Contd. 


Male. 


Augusta. . . 

Macon 

Savannah. 


Georgia 


minois 


Aurora 

Bloomington.. 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis. 

Elgin 

Jouet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Spring&eld 


Evansville... 
Fort  Wayne. 
South  Bend. 
Terre  Haute. 


IndUiut 


Iowa 


Cedar  Rapids.. 

Clinton 

Council  Blofb. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines — 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


Covington . 
Lexington. 
Newport . . 


Kentucky 


Shreveport. 


Lewiston. 
Portland . 


LoolfUuia 
Maine 


Brockton 

Brookline  town. 

Chelsea 

Chicopee 

Everett 

Fitchburg 

Haverhill. 

Holyoke 

Lawrence 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford... 

Newton 

Pittsfield 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Walttoam 


Massachnsetta 


Battle  Creek. 

Bay  City 

Flhit 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo . . 

Lansing 

Saginaw 


Michigan 


Duluth. 


Minnesota 


Joplin 

St.  Joseph.. 
Springfield. 


Klssonrl 


Butte. 


Montana 


Lincoln 

South  Omaha . 


Nebraska 


Manchester. 
Na^ua 


New  Hampshire 


Atlantic  City. 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange. . 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken 

Orange 

Passaic 


New  Jersey 


19,237 
19,613 
31,081 

15,118 
12,321 
13,721 
16,443 
32,363 
12,290 
18,417 
34,362 
17,879 
23,302 
25,488 

34,429 
31,433 
27,831 
29,387 

i6,aoo 

13,007 
U,  154 
21,530 
43,136 
18,977 
26,718 
13,776 

42,773 
21,710 
26,964 

25,628 
16,829 
14,674 

13,760 

12,629 
27,9(« 

28,293 
11,038 
16,709 
12,736 
16,313 
18,764 
21,607 
27,671 
42,868 
44,685 
20,927 
47,731 
17,801 
16,130 
16,454 
21,291 
36,628 
43,221 
16,722 
12,949 


12,374 
22,505 
21,779 
15,854 
19, 197 
16,801 
24,860 

44,866 

16,231 
39,665 
17.401 


22,314 

21,870 
14,661 

34,148 
13,016 

22,997 
29,527 
47,396 
15,287 
37,971 
36,675 
14,466 
26,549 


21,803 
21,152 
33,983 

14,689 
13,447 
14,150 
15,697 
26,184 
13,686 
16,253 
32,688 
18,708 
22,099 
26,190 

35,218 
32,500 
26,053 
28,870 

16,511 
12,510 
14,138 
21,498 
43,233 
19,517 
22,110 
12,918 

30,558 
21,974 
25,486 

27,642 
18,270 
15,635 

14,255 

13,718 
30,615 

28,585 
16,754 
15,743 
12,665 
17,171 
19,062 
22,508 
30,059 
43,034 
44,751 
23,477 
48,921 
22,005 
15,991 
16,188 
22,406 
40,603 
46,706 
17,637 
14,885 

12,893 
22,661 
16,771 
15,579 
20,240 
14,428 
25,660 

33,600 

15,842 
37,738 
17,800 

16,861 

22,103 
11,696 

35,916 
12,989 

23,163 
26,018 
47, 142 
19,084 
35,438 
33,649 
15,164 
28,224 


Males 

to  100 

females. 


88.2 
92.3 
91.5 

102.9 
91.6 
97.0 
98.4 

123.6 
89.8 

113.3 

105.4 
96.6 

105.4 
97.3 

97.8 
96.7 
106.1 
101.4 

98.7 
104.5 
107.2 
100.1 
99.8 
97.2 
116.3 
106.6 

108.1 
98.8 
105.8 

92.7 
92.1 
93.0 

96.5 

91.3 
91.3 

99.0 
65.9 
106.1 
100.0 
95.0 
98.4 
96.0 
92.1 
99.6 
99.6 
89.1 
97.6 
80.9 
100.9 
101.6 
95.0 
90.2 
94.6 
95.4 
87.0 

96.0 

99.3 
129.9 
101.8 

94.8 
116.4 

96.8 


102.5 
105.1 
97.8 


98.9 
124.5 

96.1 
100.2 

99.3 
113.5 
100.5 

80.1 
107.1 
109.0 

95.4 

94.1 


New  Jersey — Continued. 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town 

New  Tork 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Bingnamton 

Elmira 

Jamestown .* 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon 

New  Roclielle 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls 

Pougbkeepsie 

Schenectady 

Troy 

UUea* 

Watertown 

Yonkers 

North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

Wilmington 

Ohio 

Akron 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield 

Youngstown 

Zanesville 

Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City 

PemujlTaaia 

Allentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristown  borough 

Reading 

Shenandoah  borough 

Wilkee-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 

Abode  Island 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 

South  Carolina 

C  tiarleston 

Colum  bia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

KnoxviJle 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Utah 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 

VlrginU 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth ; 

Roanoke 

Washington 
Tacoma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Superior 


Male. 


17,369 
50,231 
17,658 

15,279 
17,587 
23.105 
18,553 
16,650 
12,250 
14,844 
14,686 
13,435 
16,086 
13,378 
38,821 
36,387 
36,367 
13,066 
40,103 

16,275 
12,282 

36,604 
26.110 
17,825 
15,213 
16,261 
12,988 
23,838 
43,649 
13,550 

13,396 
35,742 

26,098 
26,134 
19,768 
13,823 
33,516 
31,183 
12,696 
30,940 
22,098 
22,510 
19,134 
13,258 
47,576 
14,386 
33,850 
14,932 
21,869 

14,784 
26,351 
13,182 
18,732 


Males 
Female.      to  100 
lemales. 


14,762 
46,584 
17,746 

15,988 
17,081 
25,338 
18,623 
15,647 
13,658 
16,076 
14, 181 
14,370 
14,359 
14,558 
34,005 
41,426 
38,052 
13,664 
39,700 

17,739 
13,466 

32,463 
24, 107 
17,454 
16,295 
12,622 
12,416 
23,083 
35,417 
14,476 

11,880 
28,463 

26,815 
25,993 
18,769 
14,700 
33,010 
38,003 
12,767 
24,642 
25,129 
20,184 
17,146 
14,617 
48,495 
11,389 
33,246 
16,928 
22,881 

12,365 
26,271 
13,447 
19,393 


27,334 

31,499 

12,616 

13,703 

22,429 

22,175 

17,621 

18,725 

14,390 

15,470 

46,499 

45,605 

19,726 

19,553 

39,007 

34,306 

19,386 

17,695 

40,126 

38,674 

47,865 

48,749 

12,861 

13,564 

13,334 

12,246 

47,683 

45,194 

13,775 

15,719 

32,867 

34,585 

17,609 

16,581 

17,514 

17,360 

47,488 

36,265 

16,020 

15,141 

20,683 

21,058 

12,263 

12,983 

14,649 

15,768 

12,283 

13,248 

16,196 

16.866 

20,031 

17,971 

13,711 

12,687 

23,416 

16,969 

106  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

MALES  TO  100  FEMALES  IN  THE  POPULATION  OF  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 


Table  31 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Oa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala. 
Boston,  Mass 


Bridgeport,  Conn. . 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge.  Mass. . 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.. . 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 


Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 


Los  Angeles,  CaL. 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Term... 
Milwaukee,  Wis. . 


Minneapolis,  Minn.. 
Nashyille,  Tenn 


TOTA.L 
POPULATION. 


1910 


92.9 
92.7 
92.4 
102.8 
9C.7 

106.1 
100.6 

91.7 
106.3 

95.4 

106.6 
101.6 
101.9 
101.3 
106.6 

93.4 
97.4 
98.7 
105.6 
103.6 

103.9 

94.1 

94.1 

102.2 

102.8 

109.2 
89.6 


1900 


91.7 
85.3 
91.6 
104.6 
,96.1 

99.3 
98.6 
93.8 
103.4 
93.1 

101.8 
101.7 
97.6 
99.0 
95.1 

92.0 
94.2 
97.5 
101.6 
102.1 

97.2 
94.6 
89.9 
104.6 
97.1 

103.5 
90.2 


NATIVE  white: 

1910 


Native 
parent- 


93.3 
97.8 
92.6 
105.3 
96.1 

102.2 
100.2 

88.8 
103.8 

97.9 

101.6 
99.7 
99.9 
100.2 
105.4 

92.9 
95.9 
97.2 
102.7 
102.6 

99.8 
96.2 
89.3 
108.6 
98.0 

111.4 
95.2 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parent- 


89.4 
91.0 
91.6 
101.3 
97.1 

95.2 
93.5 
94.8 
95.8 
87.5 

95.6 
90.5 
89.1 
93.3 
95.4 

94.6 
87.6 
90.5 
97.6 
04.2 

90.2 
87.0 
93.0 
94.7 
91.8 

92.6 
86.1 


Foreign- 
bom 
white: 
1910 


150.4 
100.6 
145.8 
95.8 

122.3 
112.8 
90.2 
121.1 
105.9 

124.6 
135.6 
144.0 
115.8 
122.9 

92.1 
116.4 
134.4 
120.5 
132.3 

121.8 
103.5 
97.3 
147.4 
128.0 

132.8 
111.4 


Negro 
1910 


92.0 
81.0 
85.5 
96.3 
96.6 

97.3 
111.1 

89.8 
105.9 
101.8 

105.7 
113.9 
104.6 
95.6 
108.3 

96.1 
109.1 

98.1 
102.7 
101.7 

94.0 

93.7 

(1) 

92.9 

95.2 

137.1 
80.0 


New  Haven,  Conn. 
New  Orleans,  La. . 


NewYork,  N.  Y 

Manhattan  Borough. 
Bronx  Borough...^. 
Broolclyn  Borough... 

Queens  Borough 

Richmond  Borough.. 

Newark,  N.  J 

Oakland.Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Paa 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  CaJ 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


TOTAL 
POPULATION. 


1910 


99.7 
92.8 


100.2 
101. B 
98. 2 
103.1 
108.  S 

99.6 
108.7 
109.3 
98.9 
96.4 

105.1 
134.5 
96.7 
91.3 
98.7 

101.5 
108.6 
131.6 
102.0 
136.2 

122.7 
100.5 
101.1 
91.3 
101.2 


1900 


99.4 
90.1 

98.5 
98.  B 
103.0 
96.8 
log.  8 
106.6 

96.8 
96.7 
111.6 
97.4 
96.2 

106.0 
142.4 
94.0 
88.5 
91.1 

100.4 
107.3 
117.1 
100.8 
176.7 

135.0 
94.1 
99.1 
90.0 
99.6 


NATIVE  white: 
1910 


Native 
parent- 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parent- 


94.8 
97.6 

98.0 
99.1 
100.6 
96.4 
100.6 
106*3 

96.1 
99.9 
108.8 
94.2 
95.1 

99.0 
123.7 
93.2 
93.6 
97.4 


111.9 

126.9 

96.7 

126.1 

115.3 
98.3 
99.0 
93.4 
95.2 


94.3 
86.4 

95.8 
96.3 
95.9 
94.6 
97.9 
101.8 

94.1 
91.8 
98.8 
94,7 
94.4 

»5.1 
105.0 
93.2 
93.5 
91.0 

91.9 
96.1 

101.1 
92.0 

104.1 

104.5 
90.3 

.94.3 
91.9 
94.7 


Foreign- 
born 
white: 
1910 


111.4 
112.1 

105.1 
103.6 
109.8 
105.0 
115.1 

m.6 

110.6 
130.6 
125.8 
107.0 
102.9 

128.7 
172.7 
103.3 
127.2 
112.6 

126.9 
126.2 
162.4 
127.2 
179.6 

171.5 
123.2 
120.2 
113.0 
115.1 


Negro: 
1910 


92.5 

84.7 

85.0 

86.  S 
86.6 
8S.g 
81.9 
83.1 

89.6 
112.0 
116.2 
85.6 
87.6 

108.8 
139.1 
94.1 
85.0 
93.2 

101.7 
153.5 
166.1 
116.4 
154.5 

117.8 
106.2 
99.7 
82.2 
84.9 


» Ratio  not  shown,  the  number  of  females  being  less  than  100.  « Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 

POPULATION  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


AliL  PERSONS  21  YEARS  OF   AGE  AND  OVER. 

General  summary :  1910. — Persons  21  years  of  age  and 
over  have  certain  special  legal  rights  with  reference  to 
property,  the  elective  franchise,  and  other  matters. 
This  class  of  the  population  is  further  significant  from 
the  social  and  economic  standpoint,  in  that  it  includes 
the  great  majority  of  breadwinners  and  also  the  great 
majority  of  married  men  and  women.  From  the  po- 
litical standpoint  particular  interest  attaches  to  sta- 
tistics regarding  males  21  years  of  age  and  over, 
although  in  several  states  women  of  that  age  also 
now  have  the  right  to  vote  at  all  elections. 

For  the  United  States,  exclusive  of  Alaska,  Hawaii, 
Porto  Rico,  and  other  outlying  possessions,  the  total 
population  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  1910  was 
61,554,905,  representing  56.1  per  cent  of  the  total 
population  of  all  ages. 

This  total  includes  26,999,151  males  and  24,555,754 
females,  the  number  of  males  being  10  per  cent 
greater  than  the  number  of  females.  Table  32,  show- 
ing the  number  of  each  sex  in  1910  for  each  of  the 
principal  classes  of  population,  discloses  an  excess  of 
males  in  each  specified  class  except  that  made  up  of 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  Of  a 
total  excess  of  males  amounting  to  2,443,397,  the 
foreign-born  whites  contributed  1,639,709. 

As  regards  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  the 
composition  of  the  female  population  21  years  of  age 
and  over  differs  from  that  of  the  male  in  having  smaller 
percentages    of    foreign-born    whites,    Chinese,    and 


Japanese,  and  larger  percentages  of  the  other  race  and 
nativity  classes,  these  differences  being  attributable 
mainly  to  the  fact,  previously  noted,  that  immigrants 
include  many  more  males  than  females.  Thus  20.4 
per  cent  of  the  adult  female  population  in  1910 
were  foreign-bom  whites,  as  compared  with  24.6  per 
cent  of  the  male,  while  69.4  per  cent  of  the  former  and 
65.6  per  cent  of  the  latter  were  native  whites  and  9.9 
and  9.1  per  cent,  respectively,  were  negroes. 


Table  32 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total 

Native  white— Native  parentage 
Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed 

parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Ne^o 

Indian 

Chinese,  Japanese,  and  all  other. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF 
AGE  AND  OVER. 


Number. 


26,999,151 

13,211,731 

4,498,966 

6,646,817 

2,458,873 

62,967 

119,797 


Percent 

of 

total. 


100.0 
48.9 

16.7 
24.6 
9.1 
0.2 
0.4 


FEMALES  21  YEARS 
OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Number. 


24,656,754 
12,484,481 

4,567,647 

5,007,108 

2,427,742 

60,169 

8,607 


Percent 

of 

total. 


100.0 

60.8 

18.6 

20.4 

9.9 

0.2 

0) 


Sales 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


110.0 

105.8 

98.5 
132.7 
101.3 
104.7 
1,391.9 


1  L«ss  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Sex  ratios,  by  divisions  and  states. — ^Table  33  gives, 
for  1910  and  1900,  the  total  number  of  each  sex,  and 
also  the  number  of  males  to  100  females,  in  the  popu- 
lation 21  years  of  age  and  over,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions and  states. 

Considered  by  geographic  divisions,  the  number  of 
men  to  100  women  in  1910  ranged  from  98.8  in  New 
England — the  only  division  in  which  women  outnum- 
bered men — to  144.9  in  the  Pacific  division  and  148.6 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND*  OVER. 


in  tjie  Mountain  division.  The  ratios  for  the  divisions 
last  named  were  exceptionally  high,  the  highest  ratio 
elsewhere  being  116.2  to  100  for  the  West  North  Central 
division. 


Table  33 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnlted  States. 


28,999,151 


Oeoqeaphic  divlsions: 

New  England 

Middle  A  tlantic 

Bast  North  Central. . . . 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . . . 
West  South  Central. . . 

Mountain 

PaclQc 


New  Enoiand: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 


East  North  Centkal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 


POPXTLATION  21  TEAES  OF  AOE  AND  OVEE. 


1910 


Male. 


24,656,764 


235,727 
136,668 
113,506 
1,021,669 
163,834 
347,692 


2,836,773 

774,702 

2,309,006 


West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas , 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida , 


Bast  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma  • 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho , 

Wyoming 

Colorado , 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PACIFICr 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


822,434 

1,743,182 

870,876 

683,743 

642,669 
663,672 
973,062 
173,890 
178, 189 
353,626 
508,529 

61,887 
367,908 
103, 761 
523,532 
338,349 
506,134 
335,046 
620,616 
214, 195 

603,454 
552,668 
■513,111 
426,953 

395,824 

414,919 

447,266 

1,003,357 

155,017 
110,863 

63,201 
271,648 

94,637 

74,051 
104,115 

40,026 

441,294 
257, 188 
920,397 


Female. 


2,013,998 
5,608,188 
5,133,680 
3,005,774 
3,007,118 
2,037,064 
1,987,760 
614,736 
1,117,436 


225,736 
135,372 
106,883 
1,074,485 
166,391 
335,131 


2,767,521 

730,659 

2,114,008 


1,484,265  1,398,341 


770,658 

1,567,491 

786,033 

611, 157 

512,411 
603,644 
896,152 
122,406 
134, 187 
298,040 
438,934 

58,442 
373,819 

116. 148 
518,473 
284,969 
519,475 
343,958 

613. 149 
178,685 

579,756 
542,408 
501,959 
412,941 

351,994 
395,354 
356, 194 
884,218 

81,741 
69,818 
28,840 
213, 425 
73, 152 
43,891 
85,729 
18,140 

277,727 
168,323 
671,386 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males, 


110.0 


105.6 
109.2 
116.2 
102.1 
102.9 
113.8 
148.6 
144.9 


104.4 
101.0 
106.2 
95.1 
98.5 
103.7 


102.9 
105.2 
109.2 


106.1 
106.7 
111.2 
110.8 
111.9 

125.4 
109.9 
108.6 
142.1 
132.8 
118.7 
115.9 

105.9 
98.4 
89.3 
101.0 
118.7 
97.4 
97.4 
101.2 
119.9 

104.1 
101.9 
102.2 
103.4 

112.5 
104.9 
125.6 
113.5 

189.6 
158.8 
219.1 
127.3 
129.4 
168.7 
121.4 
220.7 

158.9 
152.8 
137.1 


21,134,299 


1900 


Male. 


Female. 


19,647,708 


217,663 
130,987 
108,356 
843,465 
127,144 
280,340 


2,184,965 

555,608 

1,817,239 


1,212,223 
720,206 

1,401,456 
719,478 
670,715 

506,794 
635,298 
856,684 
95, 217 
112, 681 
301,091 
413,786 

54,018 
321,903 

83,823 
447,815 
247,970 
417,578 
283,326 
500, 752 
139, 601 

543,996 
487,380 
413,862 
349, 177 

313,836 
325,943 
206,552 
737,768 

101,931 
53,932 
37,898 

185,708 
55,067 
44,081 
67, 1721 
17,710 

195,572 
144,446 
544,087 


211,960 
131,475 
103,819 
902,534 
133,314 
279, 187 


2,193,675 

548,692 

1,723,574 


1, 175, 167 
677,572 

1,280,144 
650,571 
510,908 

403,320 
565,263 
780,687 
63,357 
86,507 
245,078 
357,027 

51,286 
328,531 

94,454 
452,543 
218,894 
438,694 
292,567 
504,381 
118, 648 

520,921 
477,892 
414,313 
339,616 

278,54; 
318,009 
158,543 
642,866 

48,548 
31,316 
16, 613 
136,462 
43,304 
25, 197 
61,212 
9,472 

111,043 
95,062 
394,948 


Males 
to  100 

fe- 
males. 


107.6 


96.9 
102.1 
107.7 
116.8 

99.9 
102.4 
113.3 
151.4 
147.1 


102.7 
99.6 

104.4 
93.5 
95.4 

100.4 


99.6 
101.3 
105.4 


103.2 
106.3 
109.5 
110.6 
111.7 

125.7 
112.4 
109.7 
150.3 
130.3 
122.9 
115.9 

105.3 
98.0 
88.7 
99.0 

113.3 
95.2 
96.8 
99.3 

117.7 

104.4 
102.0 
99.9 
102.8 

112.7 
102.5 
130.3 
114.8 

210.0 
172.2 
228.1 
136.1 
127.2 
174.9 
109.7 
187.0 


176.1 
151.9 
137.8 


'  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 

Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Maryland,  North  Car- 
olina, and  South  Carolina  were  the  only  states  in  1910 
in  which  women  outnumbered  men.  The  District  of 
Columbia,  however,  showed  a  larger  proportion  of 
women  than  any  of  the  states. 

There  were  two  states,  Nevada  and  Wyoming,  in 
which  men  outnumbered  women  by  more  than  2  to  1 


107 

and  five  other  states  in  which  there  were  more  than  150 
men  to  every  100  women.  These  states  are  all  in  the 
Moimtain  and  Pacific  divisions. 

In  a  majority  of  the  states,  as  indicated  by  the  sex 
ratios,  as  well  as  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the 
number  of  men  increased  between  1900  and  1910  faster 
than  the  number  of  women.  For  the  United  States 
the  number  of  men  to  every  100  women  increased 
from  107.6  in  1900  to  110  in  1910.  The  states  in  which 
the  ratio  increased  include  all  those  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  except  Kentucky -fend  Tennessee,  but  only 
six  states  west  of  that  river. 

MALES  21  YEARS  OP  AGE  AND  OVER. 

XTnited  States  as  a  whole.— Table  34  shows,  for  1910 
and  1900,  the  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and 
over  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups, 
in  comparison  with  the  corresponding  groups  of  the 
total  population. 


Table  34 

MALES  21  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 

CLASS  OF 
POPULATION. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 

Number. 

Per  cent  of 

total 
population. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

Total 

91,972,266     7.>i  0S4  .li?!! 

26,999,161 

24,.S57,514 
2,458,873 
62,967 
60,421 
66,638 
2,738 

17,710,697 
13,211,731 
3,215,082 
1,283,884 
6, 646, 817 

21,134,299 

18,918,697 

2,060,302 

57,077 

81,018 

17,205 

29.4 

29.8 
25.0 
23.7 
84.5 
78.5 
86.2 

25.9 
26.7 
24.9 
21.5 
49.8 

27  8 

White 

81,731,957 

9, 827, 763 

265,683 

71,531 

72,167 

3,175 

68, 386, 412 
49,488,575 
12,916,311 
5,981,526 
13,345,545 

66,809,196 

8,833,994 

237, 196 

89,863 

24,326 

28  3 

Negro 

23  3 

Inman 

24  1 

Chinese 

90  2 

70  7 

All  other 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  par 

Mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

56,595,379 
40, 949, 362 
10,632,280 
5,013,737 
10,213,817 

14,014,427 
10,569,743 

2,535,751 
908,933 

4,904,270 

24.8 
25.8 
23.8 
18.1 
48.0 

In  1910  there  were  in  the  United  States  26,999,151 
men  21  years  of  age  and  over,  constituting  29.4  per 
cent  of  the  total  population,  as  compared  with 
21,134,299,  constituting  27.8  per  cent  of  the  popu- 
lation, in  1900.  Men  of  21  and  over  formed  57  per 
cent  of  the  total  male  population  in  1910  and  54.4  per 
cent  in  1900. 

It  should  not  be  assumed  that  these  statistics  show 
the  number  of  men  having  the  right  to  vote.  Aside 
from  the  fact  that  the  totals  given  include  unnatural- 
ized persons  of  foreign  birth,  there  are  in  some  of  the 
states  restrictions,  chiefly  based  on  property  and  edu- 
cation, which  further  limit  the  number  of  men  21 
years  of  age  and  over  who  can  vote. 

In  1910  men  of  21  and  over  constituted  29.8  per 
cent  of  the  white  population,  as  compared  with  25 
per  cent  of  the  negro.  This  difference  is  mainly  due 
to  the  fact  that  many  of  the  whites  are  foreign  bom, 
and  the  foreign  bom  consist  more  largely  of  adults 
and  of  males  than  the  natives.  Nearly  one-half  (49.8 
per  cent)  of  the  foreign-bom  white  population  in  1910 
consisted  of  men  21  years  of  age  and  over,  while  of 
the  native  white  population  hardly  more  than  one- 
fourth  (25.9  per  cent)  were  men  of  that  age. 


108 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


In  each  of  the  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage 
groups  shown  in  Table  34  (except  the  relatively  unim- 
portant groups  of  Indians  and  Chinese)  males  of  21 
and  over  constituted  a  larger  proportion  of  the  popula- 
tion in  1910  than  in  1900.  In  the  ca^e  of  the  foreign- 
born  whites  this  change  indicates  a  larger  proportion  of 
males  among  the  itnmigTants  than  formerly.  In  the 
other  classes  it  reflects  a  change  in  the  age  distribution 
of  the  population,  the  exact  nature  and  cause  of  which 
can  only  be  determined  by  a  detailed  study  of  the 
age  statistics. 

Table  35  shows  the  number  of  males  21  years  of 
age  and  over  in  specified  classes  of  the  population  in 
1910  and  1900,  with  thfe  citizensliip  of  foreign-born 
whites,  and  the  increase  during  the  decade. 


Table  35 

MALES  21  YEAKS  OF  AGE    AND  OVKB. 

CLASS  OF 

POPULATION  AND 

CITIZENSHIP. 

IMO 

1900 

Increase:  1 
1900-1910 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

1910 

1900 

Total 

26,999,151 

24,357,514 
2,458,873 
62,907 
60,421 
56,638 
2,738 

17,710,697 
13,211,731 
3,216,082 
l,283,8i;4 

6,646,817 

3,034,117 

570, 772 

2,266,535 

775,393 

21,134,309 

18,918,897 

2,060,802 

57,077 

81,018 

17,305 

5,8<4,852 

5,438,817 

398,671 

5,890 

-20,597 

39,433 

2,738 

3,696,270 

2, 641, 988 

679,331 

374,951 

1,742,547 
188,644 
158,874 

1,351,618 

43,411 

27.8 

28.7 

19.3 

10.3 

-25.4 

229.2 

26.4 
25.0 
26.8 
41.3 

35.5 

6.6 

38.6 

147.7 

5.9 

lOO.O 
90.2 
9.1 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
(») 

65.6 
48.9 
11.9 
4.8 

24.6 
11.2 
2.1 
8.4 

2.9 

100.  e 

White 

89.5 

Negro 

9.7 

0.3 

Chmese 

0.4 

Japanese 

0.1 

Another 

Native  white 

Native  parentage. . 
Foreign  parentage. 
Mixed  parentage . . 

Foreign-bom  white.. 

Naturalized 

Having  first  papers 
Alien 

14,014,427 

10, 569, 743 

2,535,751 

908,933 

4,904,270 

2, 845, 473 

411,898 

914, 917 

731,982 

66.3 

50.0 

12.0 

4.3 

23.2 

13.5 

1.9 

4.3 

Citizenship  not  re- 
ported   

3.6 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

2  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  number  of  males  21  and  over  increased  5,864,852, 
or  27.8  per  cent,  between  1900  and  1910.  This  is  a 
much  higher  rate  of  increase  than  that  in  the  total 
population,  which  was  21  per  cent.  Chiefly  on  account 
of  the  marked  predominance  of  adult  males  among 
the  foreign-born  whites,  the  distribution  of  the  total 
number  of  men  of  21  and  over  among  the  several  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups,  as  shown  in  the 
above  table,  differs  considerably  from  the  distribution 
of  the  total  population  among  those  groups,  as  shown 
in  a  preceding  table  (Table  1).  Practically  one-fourth 
(24.6  per  cent)  of  the  male  population  21  years  of  age 
and  over  in  1910  were  foreign-bom  whites,  as  compared 
with  14.5  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  Native 
whites  of  native  parentage  constituted  48.9  per  cent  of 
the  total  adult  male  population  and  53.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  population.  The  corresponding  percentages  for 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  were  16.7 
and  20.5,  respectively.  The  percentage  of  negroes  in 
the  male  population  of  2 1  and  over  was  9. 1 ,  as  compared 
with  10.7  in  the  total  population.     The  proportion  of 


foreign-born  whites  in  the  whole  number  of  males  21 
years  of  age  and  over  was  higher  in  1910  than  in  1900, 
while  that  of  the  two  principal  native  white  groups  and 
of  aU  colored  races  except  the  Japanese  was  lower. 

Of  the  6,646,817  foreign-born  whites  in  1910, 
3,034,117,  or  45.6  per  cent,  were  returned  as  natural- 
ized; in  1900  the  percentage  naturalized  was  58.  The 
naturahzed  foreign-born  whites  in  1910  constituted 
11.2  per  cent  of  the  total  male  population  21  years 
of  age  and  over.  Those  reported  as  aliens  in  1910 
numbered  2,266,535,  or  considerably  more  than  twice 
the  number  so  reported  in  1900.  It  is  probable  that 
most  of  the  considerable  number  of  foreign-born 
whites  whose  condition  as  to  citizenship  was  not  re- 
ported were  also  aliens.  The  increase  in  the  propor- 
tion of  aliens  reflects  the  fact  that  a  larger  proportion 
of  the  foreign-born  whites  in  1910  were  recent  arrivals 
than  was  the  case  in  1900. 

Divisions  and  states. — Statistics  regarding  males  21 
years  of  age  and  over,  by  divisions  and  states,  are  pre- 
sented in  Table  36  on  a  subsequent  page.  The  relative 
importance  of  the  principal  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  classes  in  the  adult  male  population 
is  graphically  shown  in  the  diagram  on  the  opposite 
page. 

Marked  differences  appear  among  the  divisions  and 
states  with  respect  to  the  proportion  which  men  of  21 
and  over  form  of  the  total  population.  These  differ- 
ences are  due  to  differences  in  the  ratio  of  males  to 
females  (compare  Tables  23,  25,  and  26)  or  to  differ- 
ences in  the  age  distribution  of  the  population,  or  to 
both  causes  combined.  States  which  receive  large 
accessions  to  their  population,  either  from  foreign 
countries  or  from  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  have 
in  general  a  materially  larger  proportion  of  men  of  21 
and  over  in  their  population  than  the  other  states. 
Among  the  geographic  divisions,  the  Pacific  and  the 
Mountain  divisions  showed  the  highest  proportions  in 
1910  (38.6  per  cent  and  34.7  per  cent,  respectively). 
Very  little  difference  appears  among  the  four  northern 
divisions,  in  each  of  which  the  proportion  was  prac- 
tically three-tenths,  while  in  each  of  the  three  divisions 
of  the  South  the  proportion  was  about  one-fourth.  In 
every  division,  and  in  fact  in  every  state  except  New 
Hampshire,  Montana,  and  Colorado,  the  proportion 
of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  was  higher  in  1910 
than  in  1900. 

In  the  three  southern  divisions,  where  there  are 
comparatively  few  foreign  bom,  the  distribution  of 
males  21  years  of  age  and  over  among  the  several  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups  is  not  ma- 
terially different  from  the  corresponding  distribution 
of  the  total  population.  (Compare  percentages  in  the 
last  ten  columns  of  Table  36  with  percentages  in  Table 
14.)     In  the  North  and  West,  however,  chiefly  because 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


109 


of  the  high  proportion  of  adult  males  among  the  foreign- 
born  whites,  the  distribution  of  the  men  of  21  and 
over  among  the  several  classes  differs  materially 
from  the  distribution  of  the  total  population.  In  the 
New  England  and  Mddle  Atlantic  divisions  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  constituted  in  1910  not 
more  than  two-fifths  of  the  men  of  21  and  over  and 
only  slightly  exceeded  the  foreign-bom  whites  in  num- 
ber. Nearly  three-fifths  of  the  total  number  of  men 
21  years  of  age  and  over  in  theae  two  divisions  were 
either  bom  abroad  or  had  one  or  both  parents  born 
abroad.  In  the  East  North  Central,  West  North  Cen- 
tral, Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions,  also,  less  than 
half  the  males  of  21  and  over  were  native  whites  of 
native  parentage. 

In  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  New  York,  Wis- 
consin, ]VIinnesota,  North  Dakota,  and  Utah  less  than 
one-third  of  the  men  of  21  and  over  in  1910  were 
native  whites  of  native  parentage.  In  each  of  the 
states  just  named  except  Utah,  and  also  in  Connecti- 
cut, New  Jersey,  Illinois,  ^Michigan,  Montana,  Arizona, 
and  Washington,  more  than  one-third  of  the  total 
number  were  foreign-born  whites,  the  proportion  in 
fact  exceeding  two-fifths  in  7  out  of  the  13  states. 

Taking  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the  percentage 
of  foreign-bom  whites  in  the  total  male  population  21 
years  of  age  and  over  increased  from  23.2  in  1900 
to  24.6  in  1910.  This,  however,  was  the  net  result 
of  diverse  changes  in  different  parts  of  the  coimtry, 
the  changes  in  some  sections  being  much  more 
pronounced. 

In  all  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  states 
there  was  an  increase,  and  in  most  cases  a  marked  in- 
crease, in  the  percentage  of  foreign-bom  whites  in  the 
total  male  population  2 1  years  of  age  and  over.  In  New 
York  the  percentage  increased  from  38  in  1900  to  43  in 
1910;  in  Massachusetts,  from  40.7  to  44.4;  and  in 
Pennsylvania,  from  26.7  to  32.1.  In  three  of  the 
East  North  Central  states — Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illi- 
nois— the  percentage  of  foreign-born  whites  in  this 
class  of  the  population  increased ;  in  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin, on  the  other  hand,  the  percentage  decreased. 
It  decreased  also  in  every  West  North  Central  state — 
from  58.3  to  45.8  in  North  Dakota,  from  40.3  to  30.6 
in  South  Dakota,  and  from  51.5  to  46.4  in  Minnesota, 
the  other  states  of  the  division  showing  less  striking 
decreases.  The  percentage  either  remained  practi- 
cally stationary  or  decreased  somewhat  in  every  Moun- 
tain state  except  Arizona.  In  two  of  the  Pacific  states, 
Washington  and  Oregon,  the  percentage  increased, 
while  in  California  it  declined  slightly.  In  none  of 
the  Southern  states  were  the  changes  in  the  percent- 
age of  foreign-born  whites  among  males  21  years  and 


over  very  notable  except  in  West  Virginia,  where 
the  percentage  increased  from  5.2  in  1900  to  10.3  in 
1910. 

COLOR  OR  RACE,  NATIVITY,  AND  PARENTAGE  OF 
MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910. 


MAINE 
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110 


ABSTRACT  OF    THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER, 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100. 


Table  36 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


MALES  21  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total. 


TTnf  ted  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . . 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . . 
West  South  Central.. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama.  

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahomai 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada. 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Calilomia 


1910 


26,999,151 


019,096 
920,501 
604,500 
493,637 
071,428 
096, 186 
261,366 
913,558 
618,879 


235,727 
136, 668 
113,506 
1,021,669 
103,834 
347,692 


2,816,773 

774,702 

2,309,026 


1.484,265 
'822,434 

1,743,182 
870,876 
683,743 


642,669 
663,672 
973,062 
173,890 
178, 189 
353,626 
508,529 


61,887 
367,908 
103,761 
523,532 
338,349 
500,134 
335,046 
620,616 
214,195 


603,454 
552,668 
513,111 
426,953 


395,824 

414,919 

447,266 

1,003,357 


155,017 
110,863 

63,201 
271,648 

94,637 

74,051 
104, 115 

40,026 


441,294 
257,188 
920,397 


1900 


21,134,299 


1,707,955 
4,557,812 
4,624,078 
2,921,551 
2,496,785 
1,794,415 
1,584,099 
663,499 
884,105 


217,663 
130,987 
108,356 
843,465 
127, 144 
280,340 


2,184,965 

655,608 

1,817,239 


1,212,223 
720,206 

1,401,456 
719,478 
570,716 


506, 794 
635,298 
856,684 
95,217 
112,681 
301,091 
413,786 


54,018 
321,903 

83,823 
447,815 
247,970 
417,578 
283,325 
600,752 
139,601 


543,996 
487,380 
413,862 
349,177 


313,836 
325,943 
206,552 
737,768 


101,931 
53,932 
37,898 

185,708 
55,067 
44,081 
67,172 
17,710 


195,572 
144,448 
544,087 


Increase : 
1900-1910 


Number. 


5,864,852 


311,141 
1,362,689 
980,422 
672,086 
674,643 
301,771 
677,267 
350,059 
734,774 


18,064 
5,681 
5,150 
178,204 
36,690 
67,362 


651,808 
219,094 
491, 787 


272,042 
102,228 
341, 726 
.151,398 
^13,028 


135,875 
28,374 

116,378 
78,673 
65,508 
52,535 
94,743 


7,869 
46,006 
19,938 
76,717 
90,379 
88,556 
51,721 
119,864 
74,594 


59,458 
65,288 
99,249 
77,776 


81,988 

88,976 

240,714 

265,589 


63,086 
56,931 
25,303 
85,940 
39,570 
29,970 
36,943 
22,316 


245,722 
112,742 
376,310 


Per 
cent. 


27.8 


18.2 
29.9 
21.2 
19.6 
23.0 
16.8 
42.8 
62.1 
83.1 


8.3 

4.3 

4.8 

21.1 

28.9 

24.0 


29.8 
39.4 
27.1 


22.4 
14.2 
24.4 
21.0 
19.8 


26.8 
4.6 
13.6 
82.6 
68.1 
17.4 
22.9 


14.6 
14.3 
23.8 
16.9 
36.4 
21.2 
18.3 
23.9 
53.4 


10.9 
13.4 
24.0 
22.3 


26.1 
27.3 
116.5 
36.0 


52.1 
105.6 
66.8 
46.3 
71.9 
68.0 
55.0 
126.0 


125.6 
78.1 
69.2 


Per  cent 

of  total 

population. 


1910 


29.4 


30.8 
30.7 
30.7 
30.0 
25.2 
24.9 
25.7 
34.7 
38.6 


31.8 
31.7 
31.9 
30.3 
30.2 
31.2 


31.1 
30.5 
30.1 


31.1 
30.5 
30.9 
31.0 
29.3 


31.0 

29.8 
29.5 
30.1 
30.5 
29.7 
30.1 


30.6 
28.4 
31.3 
25.4 
27.7 
22.9 
22.1 
2.3.8 
28.5 


26.4 
25.3 
24.0 
23.8 


25.1 
25.0 
27.0 
25.7 


41.2 
34.0 
43.3 
34.0 
28.9 
36.2 
27.9 
48.9 


38.6 
38.2 
38.7 


1900 


27.8 


30.6 
29.6 
28.9 
28.2 
23.9 
23.8 
24.3 
33.6 
36.6 


31.3 
31.8 
31.5 
30.1 
29.7 
30.9 


30.1 
29.5 
28.8 


29.2 
28.6 
29.1 
29.7 
27.6 


28.9 
28.5 
27.6 
29.8 
28.1 
28.2 
28.1 


29.2 
27.1 
30.1 
24.2 
25.9 
22.0 
21.1 
22.6 
26.4 


25.3 
24.1 
22.6 
22.6 


23.9 
23.6 
26.1 
24.2 


41.9 
33.3 
41.0 
34.4 
28.2 
35.9 
24.3 
41.8 


37.7 
34.9 
36.6 


White. 


1910 


24,357,514 


1,992,996 
5,770,811 
6,489,013 
3,398,100 
2,112,647 
1,452,776 
1,755,641 
871,401 
1,614,229 


234,866 
136,393 
112,513 
1,006,431 
160,412 
342,392 


2,783,371 

744,843 

2,242,697 


1,444,477 
801,431 

1,701,042 
862,222 
679,841 


636,903 
667,914 
919,480 
171,941 
172, 722 
348,915 
490,226 


52,804 
303,561 

75,765 
363,669 
316,498 
357,611 
165,769 
353,569 
124,311 


527,661 
433,431 
298,943 
192, 741 


284,301 
240,001 
395,377 
835,962 


148,733 
107,469 

59,698 
264,603 

88,733 

65,097 
100,436 

36,632 


422,679 
245,343 
846,207 


1900 


18,918,697 


1,084,707 
4,441,289 
4,532,027 
2,839,805 
1,676,493 
1,227,076 
1,183,844 
528,651 
804,806 


216,856 
130,648 
108,027 
830,049 
124,001 
275,126 


2,145,057 

632,750 

1,763,482 


1,180,599 
701,761 

1,370,209 
712,245 
567,213 


502,384 
630,665 
809,797 
93,237 
107,353 
297,817 
398,652 


45,592 
260,979 

60,318 
301,379 
233,129 
289,263 
130,375 
277,496 

77,962 


469,206 
375,046 
232,294 
150,530 


226,597 
177,878 
179,408 
599,961 


94,873 
50,328 
36,262 
181,616 
50,804 
34,911 
65,205 
14,652 


183,999 
131,261 
489,545 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease, 


28.7 


18.3 
29.9 
21.1 
19.7 
26.0 
18.4 
48.3 
64.8 
88.1 


8.3 

4.4 

4.2 

21.2 

29.4 

24.4 


29.8 
39.8 
27.2 


22.4 
14.2 
24.1 
21.1 
19.9 


26.8 
4.3 
13.6 
84.4 
60.9 
17.2 
23.0 


15.8 
16.3 
25.6 
20.7 
35.3 
23.6 
27.1 
27.4 
69.5 


12.5 
16.6 
28.7 
28.0 


25.5 
34.9 
120.4 
39.3 


56.8 
113.5 
64.6 
45.7 
74.7 
86.5 
64.0 
150.0 


129.7 
86.9 
72.9 


Negro. 


2,468,873 


22,074 
138,750 
107, 170 

83,219 
955,364 
642,460 
488,815 
8,992 

12,029 


476 

200 

975 

12,591 

3,007 

4,765 


45,877 
28,601 
64,272 


39,188 

20,651 

39,983 

6,266 

1,082 


3,390 

6,443 

52,921 

311 

341 

3,225 

17,588 


9,050 
63,963 
27,621 
159,593 
22,757 
146, 752 
169,155 
266,814 
89,669 


75,694 
119,142 
213,923 
233,701 


111,365 
174,211 
36,841 
166,398 


851 
328 
1,325 
4,283 
644 
764 
568 
229 


3,120 

766 

8,143 


1900 


2,060,302 


18,761 

104,567 

85,382 

70,319 

817,224 

666,371 

385,353 

6,824 

5,601 


445 

230 

289 

10,456 

2,765 

4.576 


31,425 
21,474 
51,668 


31,236 
18,186 
29,762 
6,193 
1,006 


2,168 

4,441 

46,418 

115 

184 

2,298 

14,695 


8,374 

60,406 

23,072 

146,122 

14,786 

127,114 

152,860 

223,073 

61,417 


74,728 
112,236 
181,471 
197,936 


87, 157 
147,348 

13,973 
136,875 


711 
130 
481 

3,215 
775 

1,084 

3S8 

70 


1,230 

560 

3,711 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease, 


19.3 


17.7 
32.7 
25.5 
18.3 
16.9 
13.4 
26.8 
31.8 
118.7 


7.0 

-13.0 

237.4 

20.4 

10.9 

4.1 


46.0 
33.2 
24.4 


25.6 
13.6 
34.3 
20.7 
7.6 


56.4 
22.6 
14.0 
170.4 
86.3 
40.3 
19.7 


8.1 
5.9 
19.7 
9.2 
53.9 
15.4 
10.7 
19.6 
46.0 


1.3 
6.2 
17.9 
18.1 


27.8 

18.2 

16,3.7 

21.fi 


19.7 
152.3 
176.5 
33.2 
-16.9 
-29.5 
58.7 


153.7 
36.8 
119.4 


Indian : 
1910 


62,967 


636 

2,116 

4,909 
10,348 

2,001 

577 

15.333 

18,454 

8,594 


288 
11 
9 

207 
74 
46 


1,706 

73 

337 


41 

74 

68 

2,125 

2,601 


2,075 

205 

79 

1,551 

4,991 

835 

612 


13 
22 
133 
8 
1,703 
71 
24 
27 


48 
46 
181 
302 


95 

154 

14,880 

204 


2,766 

1,039 

419 

324 

4,793 

6,701 

885 

1,527 

2,868 
1,235 
4,501 


Chi- 
nese: 
1910 


60,421 


8,166 

7,606 
3,020 
1,079 
1,404 
345 
1,166 
5,060 
37,675 


101 

63 

8 

2,310 

263 

431 


4,817 
1,033 
1,666 


501 
243 
1,857 
229 
190 


248 
80 

499 
.35 
98 

106 
13 


29 

359 

312 

136 

84 

66 

49 

206 

163 


42 

40 

57 

206 


54 
441 
129 

542 


1,168 
811 
219 
341 
230 

1.166 
324 
801 


2,304 

0,710 

28,661 


>  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


MALES  21   YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Ill 


BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 
A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


MALES  21  YEABS  OF  AGE 

tND  OVEE. 

FEB 

CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

Native  white. 

Foreign-born  wUte. 

White. 

N^;ro. 

Native  white. 

1 

Fore 
bo 

WtL 

Native  parentage. 

Foreign  or  mixed 
I)arentage. 

1910 

1900 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 

Native 
parentage. 

Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 

ign- 

m 

ite. 

Per 

Per 

crease. 

1910 

1900 

cent 
of  in- 

1910 

1900 

cent 
of  in- 

crease. 

crease. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

13,211,731 

10,569,743 

25.0 

4,498,966 

3,444,684 

30.6 

6,646,817 

4,904,270 

36.5 

90.2 

89.5 

9.1 

9.7 

48.9 

50.0 

16.7 

16.3 

24.6 

23.8 

2 

808,405 

788,221 

2.6 

387,744 

298,663 

29.8 

796,847 

597,823 

33.3 

98.7 

98.6 

1.1 

1.1 

40.0 

46.1 

19.2 

17.5 

39.5 

36.0 

3 

2,320,175 

1,971,882 

17.7 

1,178,365 

958,532 

22.9 

2,272,271 

1,510,875 

50.4 

97.5 

97.4 

2.3 

2.3 

39.2 

43.3 

19.9 

21.0 

38.4 

33.1 

4 

2,613,162 

2,207,411 

18.4 

1,302,508 

1,039,999 

25.2 

1,673,343 

1,284,617 

22.6 

97.9 

98.0 

1.9 

1.8 

46.6 

47.7 

23.2 

22.5 

28.1 

27.8 

5 

1,711,122 

1,448,882 

18.1 

817,570 

600,914 

36.1 

869,408 

790,009 

10.1 

97.3 

97.2 

2.4 

2.4 

49.0 

49.6 

23.4 

20.6 

24.0 

27.0 

6 

1,841,213 

1,466,826 

25.5 

120,669 

105,484 

14.4 

150,665 

104,183 

44.6 

68.8 

67.1 

31.1 

32.7 

59.9 

68.7 

3.9 

4.2 

4.9 

4.2 

7 

1,337,122 

1,111,980 

20.2 

69,346 

67,651 

2.5 

46,308 

47,445 

-2.4 

60.3 

68.4 

30.6 

31.6 

63.8 

62.0 

3.3 

3.8 

2.2 

2.6 

8 

1,428,856 

943,878 

51.4 

154,845 

109,035 

42.0 

171,940 

130,931 

31.3 

77.6 

74.7 

21.6 

24.3 

63.2 

59.6 

6.8 

6.9 

7.6 

8.3 

9 

442,848 

257,597 

71.9 

171,016 

106,192 

61.0 

257,537 

164,862 

66.2 

95.4 

93.8 

1.0 

1.2 

48.5 

45.7 

18.7 

18.8 

28.2 

29.3 

10 

708,828 

373,066 

90.0 

296,903 

158,214 

87.7 

608,498 

273,525 

86.9 

93.6 

91.0 

0.7 

0.6 

43.8 

42.2 

18.3 

17.9 

31.4 

30.9 

11 

159,769 

157,377 

1.5 

26,622 

20,964 

27.0 

48,464 

38,515 

25.8 

99.6 

99.6 

0.2 

0.2 

67.8 

72.3 

11.3 

9.6 

20.6 

17.7 

12 

76,639 

82,383 

-7.0 

17,798 

13,496 

31.9 

41,956 

34,769 

20.7 

99.8 

99.7 

0.1 

0.2 

56.1 

62.9 

13.0 

10.3 

30.7 

26.5 

13 

69,387 

68,857 

0.8 

19,367 

18,324 

6.7 

23,759 

20,846 

14.0 

99.1 

99.7 

0.9 

0.3 

61.1 

63.5 

17.1 

16.9 

20.9 

19.2 

14 

334,346 

320,943 

4.2 

218,484 

166,684 

31.9 

453,601 

343,522 

32.0 

98.5 

98.4 

1.2 

1.2 

32.7 

38.1 

21.4 

19.6 

44.4 

40.7 

15 

48,513 

44,893 

8.1 

36,000 

26,340 

42.1 

76,899 

63,768 

41.2 

97.9 

97.5 

1.9 

2.2 

29.6 

35.3 

22.0 

19.9 

46.3 

42.3 

16 

119,751 

113,768 

5.3 

69,473 

54,955 

26.4 

163,168 

106,403 

44.0 

98.6 

98.1 

1.4 

1.6 

34.4 

40.6 

20.0 

19.6 

44.1 

38.0 

17 

909,494 

782,487 

16.2 

662,864 

633,096 

22.6 

1,221,013 

829,474 

47.2 

98.1 

96.2 

1.6 

1.4 

32.1 

35.8 

23.0 

24.4 

43.0 

38.0 

18 

281,269 

224,644 

25.2 

163,926 

111,608 

38.0 

309,648 

196,698 

67.6 

96.1 

96.9 

3.7 

3.9 

36.3 

40.4 

19.9 

20.1 

40.0 

35.4 

19 

1,129,412 

964,751 

17.1 

371,676 

313,928 

18.4 

741,610 

484,803 

63.0 

97.1 

97.0 

2.8 

2.8 

48.9 

53.1 

16.1 

17.3 

32.1 

28.7 

20 

841,556 

697,966 

20.6 

294,443 

256,955 

14.6 

308,478 

226,688 

36.7 

97.3 

97.4 

2.6 

2.6 

56.7 

57.6 

19.8 

21.2 

20.8 

18.6 

21 

696, 119 

617,446 

15.2 

116,385 

111,228 

4.6 

88,927 

73,087 

21.7 

97.4 

97.4 

2.5 

2.5 

72.5 

71.8 

14.2 

15.4 

10.8 

10.1 

22 

689,200 

586,773 

17.5 

407,318 

316,313 

28.8 

604,524 

467,123 

29.4 

97.6 

97.8 

2.3 

2.1 

39.5 

41.9 

23.4 

22.6 

34.7 

33.3 

23 

337,651 

288,293 

17.1 

222,394 

162,537 

86.8 

302, 177 

281,415 

15.6 

99.0 

99.0 

0.7 

0.7 

38.8 

40.1 

25.5 

22.6 

34.7 

36.3 

24 

148,636 

116,943 

27.1 

261,968 

192,966 

36.8 

269,237 

267,304 

4.6 

99.4 

99.4 

0.2 

0.2 

21.7 

20.5 

38.3 

33.8 

39.4 

45.1 

25 

135,494 

104,577 

29.6 

203,127 

137,064 

48.2 

298,282 

360,763 

14.4 

99.1 

99.1 

0.6 

0.4 

21.1 

20.6 

31.6 

27.0 

46.4 

61.6 

26 

333,621 

321,513 

3.8 

177,413 

151,240 

17.3 

146,880 

167,906 

-7.0 

99.1 

99.3 

0.8 

0.7 

50.3 

60.6 

26.7 

23.8 

22.1 

24.9 

27 

630,878 

651,4,'?8 

14.4 

167, 198 

146,876 

14.6 

121,404 

112,483 

7.9 

94.5 

94.5 

5.4 

5.4 

64.8 

64.4 

17.2 

17.0 

12.5 

13.1 

28 

43,358 

19, 777 

119.2 

48,862 

17,902 

172.9 

79,721 

66,568 

43.6 

98.9 

97.9 

0.2 

0.1 

24.9 

20.8 

28.1 

18.8 

45.8 

68.3 

29 

65,769 

35,381 

85.9 

62,425 

26,628 

97.6 

54,628 

45,446 

20.0 

96.9 

95.3 

0.2 

0.2 

36.9 

31.4 

29.4 

23.6 

30.6 

40.3 

30 

168,559 

147,508 

14.3 

86,011 

59,384 

44.8 

94,345 

90,925 

3.8 

98.7 

98.9 

0.9 

0.8 

47.7 

49.0 

24.3 

19.7 

26.7 

30.2 

31 

333,443 

268,688 

24.1 

82,634 

62,928 

31.2 

74,248 

66,938 

10.9 

98.4 

96.3 

3.5 

8.6 

65.6 

64.9 

16.2 

16.2 

14.6 

16.2 

32 

37,677 

33,270 

13.2 

6,351 

5,675 

13.9 

8,776 

6,747 

30.1 

85.3 

84.4 

14.6 

15.5 

60.9 

61.6 

10.3 

10.3 

14.2 

12.5 

33 

203,284 

172,003 

18.2 

52,304 

46,965 

11.4 

47,973 

42,011 

14.2 

82.5 

81.1 

17.4 

18.8 

55.3 

53.4 

14.2 

14.6 

13.0 

13.1 

34 

49,949 

39,557 

26.3 

14,078 

11,161 

26.1 

11,738 

9,600 

22.3 

73.0 

72.0 

26.6 

27.5 

48.1 

47.2 

13.6 

13.8 

11.3 

11.5 

36 

338,098 

280,881 

20.4 

10,679 

9,413 

13.4 

14,882 

11,085 

34.3 

69.5 

67.3 

30.5 

32.6 

64.6 

62.7 

2.0 

2.1 

2.8 

2.6 

36 

264,694 

205,216 

29.0 

16, 117 

16,035 

7.2 

34,687 

12,878 

169.4 

93.2 

94.0 

6.7 

6.0 

78.2 

82.8 

4.8 

6.1 

10.8 

6.2 

37 

352,032 

284,601 

23.7 

2,283 

2,211 

3.3 

3,296 

2,461 

34.5 

70.7 

69.3 

29.0 

30.4 

69.6 

68.2 

0.6 

0.5 

0.7 

0.6 

38 

159,009 

124,097 

28.1 

3,405 

3,299 

3.2 

3,366 

2,979 

12.6 

49.5 

46.0 

50.5 

54.0 

47.5 

43.8 

1.0 

1.2 

1.0 

1.1 

39 

337,267 

263,929 

27.8 

7,789 

6,860 

13.5 

8,613 

6,707 

26.9 

67.0 

55.4 

43.0 

44.5 

54.3 

62.7 

1.3 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

40 

99,203 

63,272 

56.8 

7,663 

4,965 

54.3 

17,445 

9,725 

79.4 

68.0 

55.8 

41.9 

44.0 

46.3 

46.3 

3.6 

3.6 

8.1 

7.0 

41 

464,524 

402,244 

15.5 

42,697 

41,823 

2.1 

20,440 

25,139 

-18.7 

87.4 

86.3 

12.5 

13.7 

77.0 

73.9 

7.1 

7.7 

3.4 

4.6 

42 

411,200 

353,621 

16.3 

12, 119 

11.916 

1.7 

10, 112 

9,609 

6.3 

78.4 

77.0 

21.6 

23.0 

74.4 

72.6 

2.2 

2.4 

1.8 

2.0 

43 

279,957 

216,050 

29.6 

8,465 

8,162 

3.7 

10,521 

8,082 

30.2 

58.3 

66.1 

41.7 

43.8 

64.6 

52.2 

1.6 

2.0 

2.1 

2.0 

44 

181,441 

140,065 

29.5 

6,065 

6,760 

5.6 

6,236 

4,715 

11.0 

46.1 

43.1 

64.7 

66.7 

42.5 

40.1 

1.4 

1.6 

1.2 

1.4 

45 

263,215 

208,967 

26.0 

11,368 

9,352 

21.6 

9,718 

8,278 

17.4 

71.8 

72.2 

28.1 

27.8 

66.6 

66.6 

2.9 

3.0 

2.5 

2.6 

46 

179,778 

121,356 

48.1 

33,704 

31, 182 

8.1 

26,619 

25,340 

4.7 

57.8 

54.6 

42.0 

45.2 

43.3 

37.2 

8.1 

9.6 

6.4 

7.8 

47 

343,399 

154,692 

122.0 

28,427 

13, 176 

115.7 

23,551 

11,540 

104.1 

88.4 

86.9 

8.2 

6.8 

76.8 

74.9 

6.4 

6.4 

6.3 

5.6 

48 

642,464 

458,863 

40.0 

81,346 

65,325 

47.0 

112,152 

85,773 

30.8 

83.3 

81.3 

16.6 

18.6 

64.0 

62.2 

8.1 

7.6 

11.2 

11.6 

49 

59,657 

35,130 

69.8 

29,763 

19,760 

50.6 

59,313 

39,983 

48.3 

95.9 

93.1 

0.5 

0.7 

38.5 

34.5 

19.2 

19.4 

38.3 

39.2 

50 

58,978 

25,786 

128.7 

22,647 

11,051 

104.9 

25,844 

13,491 

91.6 

96.9 

93.3 

0.3 

0.2 

53.2 

47.8 

20.4 

20.5 

23.3 

25.0 

51 

30,706 

18,012 

70.5 

10,729 

7,639 

40.5 

18,263 

10,611 

72.1 

94.6 

95.7 

2.1 

1.3 

48.6 

47.5 

17.0 

20.2 

28.0 

28.0 

52 

147,268 

99,563 

47.9 

46,821 

30, 891 

51.6 

70,514 

51, 162 

37.8 

97.4 

97.8 

1.6 

1.7 

54.2 

63.6 

17.2 

16.6 

26.0 

27.6 

53 

69,289 

39, 171 

76.9 

6,942 

4,382 

58.4 

12,502 

7,251 

72.4 

93.8 

92.3 

0.7 

1.4 

73.2 

71.1 

7.3 

8.0 

13.2 

U.2 

54 

28,752 

16,183 

77.7 

10,663 

6,567 

62.4 

25,682 

12, 161 

111.2 

87.9 

79.2 

1.0 

2.5 

38.8 

36.7 

14.4 

14.9 

34. 7 

27.  C 

55 

32,979 

18,321 

80.0 

34,805 

22,478 

54.8 

32,652 

24,406 

33.8 

96.6 

97.1 

0.5 

0.6 

31.7 

27.3 

33.4 

33.5 

31.4 

36.8 

56 

15,219 

5,431 

180.2 

8,646 

3,424 

152.5 

12,767 

6,797 

120.2 

91.5 

82.7 

0.6 

0.4 

38.0 

30.7 

21.6 

19.8 

31.9 

32.7 

57 

199,779 

92, 262 

116.5 

75,676 

29,992 

152.3 

147,224 

61,745 

138.4 

95.8 

94.1 

0.7 

0.6 

45.3 

47.2 

17.1 

16.8 

33.4 

31.« 

58 

141,266 

79,220 

78.3 

40,168 

20,555 

95.4 

63,909 

31,486 

103.0 

95.4 

90.9 

0.3 

0.4 

54.9 

54.8 

15.6 

14.2 

24.8 

21.8 

69 

367,783 

201,584 

82.4 

181,059 

107,667 

68.2 

297,365 

180,294 

64.9 

91.9 

90.0 

0.9 

0.7 

40.0 

37.0 

19.7 

19.8 

82.3 

33.1 

112 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Urban  and  rural  communities. — Table  37  shows,  for 
each  geographic  division,  the  number  of  males  21 
years  of  age  and  over  in  1910  in  urban  and  rural  com- 
munities, respectively,  classified  according  to  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage.  The  percentages 
formed  by  the  several  classes  of  population  are  also 
shown  graphically  in  the  accompanying  diagram. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  males  21  years  of 
age  and  over  formed  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total 
population  in  1910  in  urban  than  in  rural  commimi- 
ties,  but  the  opposite  was  the  case  in  the  New  Eng- 
land, Middle  Atlantic,  and  Mountain  divisions. 

In  the  urban  communities  of  the  United  States  as  a 
whole  in  1910,  only  38.2  per  cent  of  the  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over  were  native  whites  of  native  parentage^ 
while  34.3  per  cent  were  foreign-born  whites  and 
20.8  per  cent  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  par- 
entage; thus  considerably  over  one-half  of  the  total 
either  were  born  abroad  or  had  one  or  both  parents 
born  abroad.  In  rm'al  communities,  on  the  other 
hand,  nearly  three-fifths  (59.4  per  cent)  of  the  males 
of  21  years  and  over  were  native  whites  of  native  par- 
entage, only  27.7  per  cent  being  foreign-born  whites 
and  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  In 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  New  England  divisions  the 
proportion  of  native  whites  of  native  parentage  among 
males  of  21  years  and  over  in  urban  communities 
was  especially  low  (30.2  and  33.7  per  cent,  respec- 
tively), and  the  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites 
especially  high  (44.2  and  44  per  cent,  respectively). 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER 
IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES:  1910. 


UNITED  STATES 


NEW  ENGLAND 


MID.  ATLANTIC 


E.  NO.  CENTRAL 


W.  NO.  CENTRAL 


SO.  ATLANTIC 


E.  SO.  CENTRAL 


W.  SO.  CENTRAL 


MOUNTAIN 


PACIFIC 


NATIVE  WHITE  -  NATIVE    PARENTAGE  QZ2  FOREIGN-BORN   WHITE 

NATIVE  WHITE  -  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE      ^^^H   NEGRO    AND  ALL  OTHER 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  37 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over. 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

Total. 

Per 
cent 
of 
total 
popu- 
lation. 

White. 

Negro. 

Indian, 
Chinese, 
Jap- 
anese, 
and  all 
Other. 

Native  white. 

Foreign- 
bem 
wliite. 

White. 

Negro. 

In- 
dian, 
Clii- 
nese, 
Jap- 
anese, 
and 
all 
other. 

Native  white. 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OF 
COMMUNITY. 

Native 
parentage. 

Foreign 
ormixcd 
parentage. 

Native 
par- 
ent- 
age. 

For- 
eign 
or 
mixed 
par- 
ent- 
age. 

For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 

tTnited  States 

26,999,151 
13,341,135 
13,658,016 

29.4 
31.3 
27  7 

24,357,514 
12,453,858 
11,903,656 

2,458,873 

811,945 

1,646,928 

182,764 
75,332 
107,432 

13,211,731 
5,092,259 
8,119,472 

4,498,966 
2,779,541 
1,719,425 

6,646,817 
4,582,058 
2,064,759 

90.2 
93.3 
87.2 

9.1 

6.1 

12.1 

0.7 
0.6 
0.8 

48.9 
38.2 
59.4 

16.7 
20.8 
12.6 

24.6 

XTrban 

34.3 

Kural 

15.1 

New  England 

2,019,096 

1,658,155 

360,941 

5,920,501 
4,177,617 
1,742,884 

5,604,500 
3,042,818 
2,561,682 

3,493,637 
1,267,791 
2,226,846 

3,071,428 

892,835 

2,178,593 

2,096,186 

460,715 

1,635,471 

2,261,366 

589,580 

1,671,786 

913,558 
327,466 
586,102 

1,618,879 
924,168 
694,711 

30.8 
30.4 
32.9 

30.7 
30.4 
31.2 

30.7 
31.6 
29.7 

30.0 
32.7 
28.7 

25.2 
28.9 
23.9 

24.9 
29.3 
23.9 

25.7 
30.1 
24.5 

34.7 
34.6 
34.8 

38.6 
38.8 
38.4 

1,992,996 

1,634,413 

358,583 

5,770,811 
4,055,787 
1,715,024 

5,489,013 
2,955,156 
2,533,857 

3,398,100 
1,206,967 
2,191,133 

2,112,547 

641,383 

1,471,164 

22,074 

20,170 

1,904 

138,750 
113,137 
25,013 

107,170 
83,991 
23, 179 

83,219 

58,938 

24,281 

955,364 

250,083 

7ns  9ii1 

4,026 

3,572 

454 

10,940 
8,693 
2.247 

8,317 
3,671 
4,646 

12,318 
1,886 
10,432 

3,517 
1,369 
2,148 

950 

254 
696 

16,910 
2,086 
14,824 

33,165 

6,078 

27,087 

92,621 
47,723 
44,898 

808,405 
559,077 
249,328 

2,320,175 
1,263,179 
1,056,996 

2,613,162 
1,115,297 
1,497,865 
1,711,122 
579,723 
1,131,399 

1,841,213 

466,228 

1,374,985 

1,337,122 

237,209 

1,099,913 

1,428,856 

329, 121 

1,099,735 

442,848 
155,799 
287,049 

708,828 
386,626 
322,202 

387,744 

346,146 

41,598 

1,178,365 
944,316 
234,049 

1,302,508 
742,534 
559,974 

817,570 
294,915 
522,655 

120,669 
83,620 
37,049 

69,346 

47,547 
21,799 

154,845 
68,616 
86,229 

171,016 
67,451 
103,565 

296,903 
184,396 
112,507 

796,847 
729,190 
67,657 

2,272,271 

1,848,292 

423,979 

1,573,343 

1,097,325 

476,018 

869,408 
332,329 
537,079 

150,665 
91,535 
59,130 

46,308 
29,366 
16,942 

171,940 
66,117 

105,823 

257,537 
92,118 

165, 419 

508,498 
295,786 
212, 712 

98.7 
98.6 
99.3 

97.5 
97.1 
98.4 

97.9 
97.1 
98.9 

97.3 
95.2 
98.4 

68.8 
71.8 
67.5 

69.3 
68.2 
69.0 

77.6 
78.7 
77.3 

95.4 
96.3 
94.9 

93.5 
93.8 
93.2 

1.1 
1.2 
0.5 

2.3 

2.7 
1.5 

1.9 
2.8 
0.9 

2.4 
4.6 
1.1 

31.1 
28.0 
32.4 

30.6 
31.8 
30.3 

21.6 
21.0 
21.8 

1.0 
1.8 
0.5 

0.7 
1.0 
0.3 

0.2 
0.2 
0.1 

0.2 
0.2 
0.1 

0.1 
0.1 
0.2 

0.4 
0.1 
0.5 

0.1 
0.2 
0.1 

(1) 
0.1 

(') 

0.7 
0.4 
0.9 

3.6 
1.9 
4.6 

5.7 
5.2 
6.5 

40.0 
33.7 
69.1 
39.2 
30.2 
60.6 

46.6 
36.7 
58.5 

49.0 
45.7 
50.8 

59.9 
52.2 
63.1 

19.2 
20.9 
11.5 

19.9 
22.6 
13.4 

23.2 
24.4 
21.9 

23.4 
23.3 
23.5 

3.9 
9.4 
1.7 

39.5 

Urban 

44.0 

Rural 

18.7 

Middle  Atlantic 

38.4 

Urban 

44.2 

Rural 

24.3 

East  North  Central 

28.1 

Urban 

36.1 

Rural 

18.6 

West  North  Central 

Urban 

24.9 
26.2 

Rural 

24.1 

South  Atlantic 

4.9 

Urban 

10.3 

Rural 

2.7 

East  South  Central 

1,452,776        ^9  iMs 

63. 8        S.  % 

2.5 

Urban 

314, 122 
1,138,654 

1,755,641 

463,854 

1,291,787 

871,401 
315. 368 
556,033 

1,514,229 
866,808 
647, 421 

146,339 
496, 121 

488,815 
123,040 
366, 175 

8,992 
6,010 
2,982 

12,029 
9,637 
2,392 

51.5 
67.3 

63.2 
55.8 
65.8 

48.5 
47.6 
49.0 

43.8 
41.8 
46.4 

10.3 
1.3 

6.8 
11.6 
5.2 

18.7 
20.6 
17.7 

18.3 
20.0 
16.2 

6.4 

Rural 

1.0 

West  South  Central 

7.6 

Urban 

11.2 

Rural 

6.3 

Mountain 

28.2 

TTrhan 

28.1 

Rural 

28.2 

Pacific 

31.4 

Urban.. 

32.0 

Rural 

30.6 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


113 


Principal  cities. — Statistics  regarding  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over  in  cities  of  100,000  inhabitants  or  more 
in  1910  are  presented  in  Table  38,  and  similar  statistics 
in  somewhat  less  detail  for  cities  having  from  25,000  to 
100,000  inhabitants  are  presented  in  Table  39. 

Among  the  cities  of  100,000  inhabitants  or  more  in 
1910  there  were  seven  in  which  males  21  years  of  age 
and  over  formed  more  than  35  per  cent  of  the  total 
population,  namely,  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Los  Angeles, 
Oakland,  Portland,  Oreg.,  San  Francisco,  Seattle, 
and  Spokane.  Li  New  York  City  the  percentage  was 
30.1,  and  in  no  city  did  the  percentage  fall  below  26. 


Foreign-born  whites  constituted  at  least  one-half  of 
the  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  1910  in  Bridge- 
port, Chicago,  Cleveland,  Detroit,  Fall  River  (63.8  per 
cent,  the  highest  for  any  city  of  100,000  inliabitants  or 
more),  Lowell,  New  York  City  (57.8  per  cent),  Paterson, 
and  Worcester.  On  the  other  hand,  native  whites  of 
native  parentage  formed  less  than  one-fifth  of  the  total 
nimiber  in  Chicago,  Fall  River  (11.3  percent),  LoweU, 
Milwaukee,  New  York  City  (16  per  cent),  and  Paterson. 
The  percentage  of  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  was  especially  high  in  Buffalo,  Cincinnati, 
Milwaukee,  Rochester,  St.  Louis,  and  St.  Paul. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  38 


MALES  21  TEARS  OP  AQE  AKD  OTKB. 


Total. 


1»10 


1900 


Percent 

of  total 
population. 


1910 


1900 


Native  white. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


1900 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


1900 


Foreign-bom 
white. 


1910 


1900 


Negro. 


1910 


1900 


Indian, 
Chi- 
nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 
and  all 
other: 
1910 


FEB  CENT  OF  TOTAL: 

1910 


Native 
wliite. 


Na- 
tive 
par- 
ent- 
age. 


For- 
eign or 
mixed 

par- 
entage, 


For- 
eign- 
born 

white. 


Ne- 
gro. 


Albany.N.  Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Buflalo,N.  Y 

Cambridge.  Mass 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich... 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  Yorlc,  N.  Y 

MarUiattan  Borough 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough. 

^leeni  Borough 

Richmond  Borough. 

Newark,  N.  J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.» 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va. 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Mmn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracvise,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


32,000 
44,610 

163,664 
40,609 

208,321 

32,991 
128,133 

30,262 
700,590 
113,919 

177,386 
60,892 
38,236 
71,990 

160,017 

31,647 
34,205 
76,743 
80,866 
87,457 

114,889 
67,676 
31,300 
44,309 

113,106 

105,305 
30,774 
40,510 
96,997 

1,433,749 

717,655 

l!Se,9S5 

470,388 

8t,S7S 

ie,soo 

103,234 
53,967 
43,216 
36,873 

468,813 

166,424 
88,908 
68,983 
37,204 
69,564 

221,913 
72,073 

175,951 
37,059 

101,685 

40,254 
44,713 
52,748 
103,761 
45,601 


28,410 
23,185 

141,271 
12,246 

176,068 

21,952 
97,938 
26,864 
511,048 
92,799 

111,522 
40,071 
26,746 
42,712 
78,855 

26,842 
24,906 
52,544 
60,319 
53,708 

33,049 
59,561 
27,059 
31,405 
75,020 

63,711 
22,191 
32,566 
75,440 

1,007,670 
SSS, 7se 
67,  sat 

SSS,71S 
4S,i70 
to,  167 

70,558 
20,851 
34,620 
29,648 
386,953 

136,421 
38,353 
53,131 
23,436 
45,395 

171,798 
51,027 

128,985 
28,075 
39,503 

14,944 
32,499 
38,257 
83,823 
35,743 


31.9 
28.7 
29.3 
30.7 
31.1 

32.3 
30.2 
28.9 
32.1 
31.3 

31.6 
33.5 
32.8 
33.7 
32.2 

26.5 
30.5 
32.8 
30.2 
35.2 

36.0 
30.2 
29.4 
33.8 
30.3 

34.9 
27.9 
30.3 
28.6 

30.1 
31. g 
id.  5 
28.8 
19.0 
30.8 

29.7 
35.9 
34.8 
29.4 
30.3 

31.2 
42.9 
30.8 
29.2 
31.9 

32.3 
33.6 
42.2 
28.5 
42.9 

38.6 
32.6 
31.3 
31.3 
31.2 


30.2 
25.8 
27.8 
31.9 
31.4 

30.9 
27.8 
29.2 
30.1 
28.5 

29.2 
31.9 
30.2 
31.9 
27.6 

25.6 
28.4 
31.1 
29.2 
32.8 

32.2 
29.1 
28.5 
30.7 
26.3 

31.4 
27.4 
30.1 
26.3 

29.3 
19.9 
£8.8 
£8.6 
t8.t 
30.  e 

28.7 
31.1 
33.8 
28.2 
29.9 

30.2 
42.4 
30.3 

27.6 
27.9 

29.9 
31.3 
37.6 
27.5 
49.0 

40.6 
30.0 
29.0 
30.1 
30.2 


11,950 
26,626 
68,492 
19,493 
47,806 

8,402 
30,617 

7,048 
126,703 
37,419 

36,358 
36,090 
21,281 
34,118 
32,653 

3,661 
11,792 
45,686 
17,336 
61,616 

57,829 
28,456 
5,850 
19,781 
15,436 

31,749 
17,422 
10,853 
33,767 

229,362 
99,  m 
19,547 
86,751 
16,  714 
7,m 

24,386 
17,046 
17,601 
7,115 
160,396 

45,933 
41,408 
17,920 
19,551 
20,467 

67,002 
18,559 
41,619 
8,759 
41,6.S2 

18,893 
17,377 
21,209 
49,949 
12,343 


9,663 
12,932 
57,502 

5,826 
47,733 

6,516 
20,418 

7,636 
103,674 
22,314 

23,637 
22,280 
12,984 
20,877 
15,830 

3,582 

8,279 

27,990 

13,444 

29,881 

16,024 
20,921 

6,259 
11,172 

7,872 

18,401 
11,178 
10,990 
18,910 

178,900 
83,860 
I0,0i9 
70, 794 
8,4B1 
6,766 

17,656 
6,987 

15,002 

5,774 

141,741 

37,060 
13,886 
16,756 
11,799 
12,459 

42,588 
13,102 
27,179 
6,170 
19,634 

7,259 
11,826 
13,919 
39,557 
11,319 


11,435 
1,665 

34,895 
1,811 

61,139 

6,946 
40,446 

7,093 
175,397 
42,366 

43,068 
11,244 
7,848 
15,934 
39,761 

7, 

8,527 
13, 149 
23,574 
13,601 

20,228 
17,190 
7,156 
3,847 
41,114 

27,053 
2,196 
9,186 

24,134 

339,611 
14i,087 
37,S66 
1X7, 157 

t6,eoe 

6, 90S 

25,938 
12,783 
9,874 
9,046 
112,186 

40,737 
15,283 
16,192 
2,320 
21,683 

74,623 
22,832 
46,740 
10,617 
17,323 

8,147 
11,940 
14,955 
14,078 

9,988 


10,478 

1,056 

31,997 

762 

41,701 

5,066 
31,903 

5,985 
121,804 
38,628 

28,441 
8,838 
6,828 
8,426 

21,426 

5,379 
5,745 
10,987 
18,300 
8,761 

5,766 
16, 175 
5,392 
3,266 
26,313 

14,422 
2,061 
7,682 

22,699 

264,205 
1X9,081 
17,470 
99,8t3 
IS, 503 
S,S48\ 

19,195 
4,863 
6,883 
6,923 

96,070 

35,507 
6,312 

11,759 
1,745 

15,508 

61,948 
14,407 
33,579 
8,056 
5,442 

2,857 
9,883 
10,859 
11,161 
7,441 


8,192 
2,287 
33,638 
2,944 
103,160 

17,114 
56,337 
14,636 
379,850 
26,723 

94,431 
8,487 
7,303 
19,204 
75,323 

20,181 
13,689 
10,407 
37,707 
13,052 

29,576 
8,334 

18,191 
3,403 

56,101 

45,169 

1,435 

19,194 

13,486 

828,793 
481,146 
68,676 
248,544 
38,360 
11,977 

49,674 
19,334 
13,788 
20,182 
167,072 

70,148 
25,230 
32,863 
2,040 

27,067 

63,440 
29,048 
75,768 
17,461 
36,097 

12,389 
14,944 
15,826 
11,738 
22,816 


7,768 
1,258 

29,616 
973 

81,058 

9,943 

44,869 

12,004 

271,962 

26,844 

66,973 
5,980 
4,790 
11,778 
40,216 

17,732 
10,683 

8,335 
27,104 

9,183 

8,618 
10,047 
15,305 

2,697 
40,466 

30,227 

1,457 

13,030 

13,603 

539,746 
St4,6Sl 

£9,3. 
155, ei 

21,383 
8,768 

31,483 

7,701 

11,383 

16,475 

127,915 

55,958 
9,636 

22,868 
1,401 

17,242 

55,223 
22,435 
56,102 
13,629 
11,521 

4,324 
10,404 
12,843 

9,600 
16,541 


379 

13,865 

26,214 

16,441 

6,070 

471 

740 

1,384 

17,845 

7,387 

3,298 
5,028 
1,781 
1,999 
2,224 

133 

264 

7,556 

2,104 

9,101 

2,671 

13,687 

44 

17,238 

396 

1,227 

9,713 

1,191 

25,269 

30,855 

£l,t79\ 
1,£89 

7,01 1\ 
959\ 

3371 

3,015 

l,238l 

1,885! 

453i 

28,120 

9,362 

525 

1,765 

13,279 

305 

16,381 

1,573 
831 
216 

1,204 

306 
437 

719 

27,621 

384 


490 

7, 

21,806 

4,689 

4,441 

367 
662 

1,131 
12,414 

4,997 

2,368 
2,965 
1,124 
1,331 
1,372 

71 

192 

5,200 

1,260 

5,797 

032 

12,416 

47 

14,251 

358 

637 

7,476 

863 

19,809 

18,651 

11,638 

757 

6, £76 

681 

800 

1,966 
355 

1,257 

356 

20,095 

7,719 

386 

1,500 

8,472 

175 

11,727 

1,051 

619 

207 

169 

169 
356 
606 
23,072 
339 


35 

68 

315 

10 

1,146 

59 
93 
101 
1,795 
24 

241 
43 
23 

736 
66 

73 
23 
46 
146 

87 

4,686 
9 

50 
40 
59 

117 


341 

5,128 
3,8ia 
187 
9££ 
134 
66 

221 

3,566 

68 

77 
1,039 

244 

6,462 

243 

14 

42 

467 

61 

10,993 

6 

5,429 

520 
15 
39 

375 
70 


37.4 

59, 

41.9 

47.9 

22.9 

25.5 
23.8 
23.3 
17.9 
32.8 

20.5 
59.3 
56.7 
47.4 
21.8 

11.3 

34.4 

59 

21 

59.0 

50.3 
42.0 
18.7 
44.6 
13.6 

30.1 
56.6 
26. 
34.8 

16.0 
15.6 
16. 4 
18. 4 
£0.3 
£7.3 

23.6 
31.6 
40.7 
19.3 
34.2 

27.6 
46.6 
26.0 
52.6 
29.4 

30.2 
25.8 
23.7 
23.6 
40.9 

46.9 
38.9 
40.2 
48.1 
27.1 


36.7 
3.7 

21.3 
4.4 

24.5 

21.1 
31.6 
23.4 
26.0 
37.2 

24.3 
18.5 
20.5 
22.1 
28.5 

24.3 

24.9 

17 

29.2 

15.6 

17.6 
26.4 
22.9 
8.7 
36.3 

25.7 

7.1 

22.7 

24.9 

23.7 
19.  B 
£9.4 
£7.0 
31.8 
£6.1 

25.1 
23.7 
22.8 
24.5 
23.9 

24.5 
17.2 
23.5 
6.2 
31.2 

33.6 
31.7 
26.6 
28.6 
17.0 


25.6 
6.1 

20.6 
7.2 

49.5 

51.9 
44.0 
48.4 
64.2 
23.5 

53.2 
13.9 
19.1 
26.7 
50.2 

63.8 
39.9 
13.6 
46.6 
14.9 

25.7 
12.3 
68.1 
7.7 
49.6 

42.9 
4.7 
47.4 
13.9 

67.8 
83.4 
64.1 
S£.8 
48.6 
46.2 

48.1 

35 

31.9 

54.7 

35.6 

42.2 
28.4 
47.6 
5.5 
38.9 

28.6 
40.3 
43.1 
47.1 
35.5 


20.2 

30.8 

26.7 

33.4 

28.4 

30.0 

13.6 

11.3 

21.9 

50.0 

1.2 
31.2 
16.0 
40.4 

2.4 

1.4 

0.0 
4.6 
2.5 
6.6 

1.9 
8.3 
4.7 
2.8 
1.5 

0.4 
O.S 
9.8 
2.6 
10.4 

2.2 
20.2 

O.l 
38.9 

0.4 

1.2 
31.6 

2.9 
26.1 

2.2 
£.9 
1.0 
1.5 
l.t 
1.3 

2.9 
2.3 
4.4 
1.2 
6.0 

5.0 
0.0 
2.6 
35.7 
0.4 

7.4 
2.2 
0.S 
0.6 
1.2 

0.8 
1.0 
1.4 
26.6 
0.8 


72497°— 13- 


Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 


114 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  WITH  CITIZENSHIP  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM 

25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910. 


Table  39 


Mobile. 
Montgomery. 


Alabama 


Little  Rook. 


Arkansas 


Berkeley 

Pasadena... 
Sacramento. 
Ban  Diego... 
San  Jose 


California 


Colorado 


Colorado  Springs. 
Pueblo 


Connecticut 

Hartford 

Merlden  town 

Meriden  city 

New  Britain 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 

Delaware 
Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Georgia 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 

Illinois 

Aurora 

Bloomington 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis 

Elgin 

Joflet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

f^ringfleld 

Indiana 

Evansville 

Fort  Wayne 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 


Cedar  Rapids.. 

Clinton , 

Coimcil  Bluffs. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Iowa 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


3Sansas 


Covington. 
Lexington. 
Newport... 


Kentucky 


Shreveport. 


Louisiana 


Maine 


Lewlston. 

Portland 

Massachusetts 

Brockton 

Brookllne  town 

Chelsea 

Chicopee 

Everett 

Fitchburg 

Haverhill 

Hoi  yoke 

Lawrence 

Lynn 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total. 


1010 


15,014 
10,789 

14,801 

12,622 
9,262 

18,777 
14,824 
9,761 


9,213 
16,814 

31, 121 
9,445 
7,996 

13,084 
8,292 
8,947 
7,6S8 

22,801 

27,519 

19,392 
11,691 

11,949 
11,647 
19,557 

9,711 
8,009 
8,514 
9,703 
21,005 
7,910 
11,477 
23,054 
11,388 
15,014 
16,090 

21,443 
19,678 
16,566 
18,609 

10,387 

8,397 

9,439 

13,703 

27,359 

11,983 

16,932 

8,945 

26,662 
13,977 
17,788 

15,685 
11,081 


8,635 

7,267 
18,447 

17,905 
7,346 
10,112 
7,072 
9,561 
11,027 
13,533 
15,528 
25,983 
29.171 


1900 


10,646 
7,792 

11,744 

3,734 
2,675 
10,914 
5,885 
6,586 


6,773 
10,142 

26,631 
8,272 
7,040 
8,041 
7,035 
5,548 
4,601 

18,568 

23,157 

8,183 
4,939 

10,346 
6,088 
16,994 

7,042 
6,828 
5,016 
6,057 
9,841 
6,353 
8,932 
18, 104 
10,276 
8,856 
9,913 

16,756 
12,595 
10,402 
11,089 

7,462 
6,627 
7,643 
10,372 
18,911 
10,977 
10,082 
3,880 

15,589 
9,657 
7,442 

11,598 
7,719 
7,702 

4,693 

6,307 
15,433 

12,357 

5,336 

10, 198 

5,476 

7,048 

9,102 

11, 182 

11,791 

17,813 

21,485 


Native  white: 
1910 


Native 
parent- 


6,376 
4,971 

7,668 

6,363 
6,509 
6,972 
7,853 
3,837 


5,877 
8,953 

9,615 
2,408 
S,027 
2,426 
2,499 
8,149 
S,471 
6,086 

18,253 

7,490 
3,674 

6,739 
6,933 
6,329 

3,637 
4,212 
5,533 
6,766 
8,930 
2,788 
2,426 
11,482 
4,785 
4,497 
7,747 

10,818 
9,702 
6,584 

12,553 

5,119 
3,187 
4,826 
4,336 
15,976 
3,308 
7,224 
6,360 

14,227 
8,496 
13,064 

7,645 
6,498 
3,483 

3,896 

2,381 
10,208 


Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 


1,815 
429 


1,466 

2,822 
1,459 
4,437 
2,461 
2,370 


Foreign- 
bom 

white: 
1910 


394 

1,066 

3,627 
1,772 
6,331 
3,845 
2,963 


1,639 

1,434 

2,310 

4,777 

6,945 

13,975 

2,650 

4,346 

2,2S8 

8,690 

2,676 

8,843 

2,026 

3,658 

1,699 

3,979 

i,m 

S,B79 

4,965 

12,463 

4,511 

6,754 

881 

1,308 

760 

4,407 

603 

498 

340 

381 

1,629 

1,709 

2,605 

3,566 

1,907 

1,612 

1,437 

1,005 

1,540 

1,127 

4,041 

6,729 

2,404 

2,651 

2,971 

5,877 

6,248 

4,661 

4,230 

1,807 

3,333 

7,102 

3,952 

3,356 

6,090 

2,289 

5,964 

3,785 

2,950 

6,787 

3,076 

2,057 

2,664 

2,619 

2,463 

2,615 

2,034 

2,309 

5,007 

4,132 

6,088 

5,231 

5,402 

3,220 

3,801 

6,781 

2,076 

1,494 

3,514 

5,710 

1,987 

2,123 

2,260 

1,691 

5,082 

1,885 

692 

509 

3,602 

1,534 

483 

625 

1,356 

3,502 

3,094 

5,023 

3,494 

7,033 

1,543 

2,307 

1,699 

5,883 

1,612 

4,330 

1,808 

4,085 

2,128 

5,933 

2,377 

4,936 

3,806 

9,457 

5,274 

17,414 

5,642 

12,038 

Negro: 
1910 


6,678 
4,988 

4,692 

66 
227 
207 
232 


338 
581 

501 
29 
ifi 
26 

191 
9« 
9S 

262 

2,981 

9,662 
2,026 

5,067 
4,988 
9,962 

100 
272 
626 
260 

2,286 

56 

195 

644 

555 

74 

1,021 

2,242 
215 
225 
906 

93 

142 

160 

224 

1,043 

47 
122 

14 

3,088 
1,364 


961 

3,379 

167 

3,704 

18 
80 

151 
50 
66 
3 

204 
20 

120 
10 

128 

218 


Indian, 
Chi- 
nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 
and  all 
other: 
1910 


764 
295 
1,830 
433 
525 


25 
193 

85 
12 
IS 
15 
18 
24 
f>S 
36 

20 

61 
34 

42 
5 


110 
4 
21 
6 
4 
1 

23 
7 
13 

12 
3 


10 
42 

29 
22 
28 
6 
15 
11 
31 
16 
54 
106 


PEK  CENT  OP  total: 
1910 


Native  white. 


Na- 
tive 
par- 
ent- 


36.8 
46.1 

51.8 

42.5 
59.5 
37.1 
63.0 
39.8 


63.8 
63.2 

30.9 
25.5 
£5.4 
17.3 
30.1 
36.2 
St.  4 
22.3 


38.6 
80.6 

48.0 
50.9 
32.4 

36.4 
52.6 
65.0 
69.7 
42.5 
35.2 
21.1 
49.8 
42.0 
30.0 
48.1 

50.6 
49.3 
39.7 
67.5 

49.3 
38.0 
51.1 
31.6 
58.4 
27.6 
42.7 
59.9 

53.6 
60.8 
73.4 

49.1 

58.6 
39.6 


32.8 
55.3 

40.2 
46.6 
24.1 
15.9 
36.1 
26.6 
44.8 
14.4 
12.0 
38.3 


For- 
eign 
or 
mixed 
par- 
ent- 
age. 


12.1 
4.0 


22.4 
15.8 
23.6 
16.6 
24.3 


16.7 
13.7 

22.3 
28.1 
S8.0 
19.1 
24.4 
10.0 
19.  S 
21.8 

16.4 

4.5 
6.4 

5.0 
2.9 
7.8 

25.8 
23.8 
16.9 
16.9 
19.2 
30.4 
25.9 
27.1 
37.1 
22.2 
24.6 

28.4 
30.3 
17.8 
16.5 

24.6 
29.2 
21.5 
36.5 
18.6 
45.1 
22.4 
23.2 

13.2 
14.2 
12.6 

32.6 

6.2 

41.0 

6.7 

18.7 
16.8 

19.5 
21.0 
16.8 
22.8 
18.9 
19.3 
17.6 
24.5 
20.3 
19.3 


For- 
eign- 
born 
white. 


8.2 
3.7 

7.2 

28.7 
19.1 
28.4 
25.9 
30.4 


15.6 
28.4 

44.9 
46.0 
46.1 
63.2 
42.9 
44.5 
46. 9 
54.7 

24.6 

6.7 
37.7 

4.2 
3.3 
8.7 

36.7 
20.1 
11.8 
11.6 
27.3 
33.5 
51.2 
20.2 
15.9 
47.3 
20.9 

10.7 
19.2 
41.0 
11.1 

25.2 
31.1 
24.6 
30.2 
19.1 
26.9 
34.1 
16.7 

21.6 
16.2 
8.9 

12.1 

4.6 
17.6 

6.1 

48.2 
27.2 

39.3 
31.4 
58.2 
61.2 
42.7 
53.8 
36.6 
60.9 
67.0 
41.3 


Ne- 
gro. 


43.8 
46.2 

31.0 

0.4 
2.5 
1.1 
1.6 
0.7 


3.7 
3.5 

1.6 
0.3 

0.4 
0.2 
2.3 

1.1 
l.S 
1.1 

10.8 

49.8 
25.0 

42.4 
42.8 
50.9 

1.0 
3.4 
6.2 
2.7 
10.9 
0.7 
1.7 
2.8 
4.9 
0.5 
6.3 

10.5 
1.1 
1.4 
4.9 

0.9 
1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
3.8 
0.4 
0.7 
0.2 

11.6 
9.8 
4.9 

6.2 

30.5 

1.9 

42.9 

0.2 
0.4 

0.8 
0.7 
0.7 
0) 
2.1 
0.2 
0.9 
0.1 
0.6 
0.7 


FOKEIGN-BOEN  WHITE   MALES   21 
YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910 


Natural- 
ized 


652 
201 

629 

2,096 
1,101 
2,424 
2,057 
1,637 

748 
1,773 

6,294 
2,308 
1,931 
3,054 
1,456 
1,486 
1,517 
4,662 

2,872 

687 
919 

261 
161 
938 


Hav- 
ing 
first 
papers. 


339 
125 

402 
190 
181 


83 
230 

1,112 
348 
Slg 
693 
185 
326 
S81 
695 

620 


176 

32 
21 
121 


1,796 

171 

1,162 

53 

727 

46 

694 

53 

1,613 

374 

1,608 

127 

2,483 

284 

2,598 

191 

1,342 

21 

4,094 

626 

1,940 

242 

1,683 

132 

2,459 

363 

2,226 

2,434 

1,080 

164 

1,531 

185 

1,697 

98 

1,302 

94 

2,597 

264 

2,807 

280 

2,281 

120 

2,408 

459 

650 

64 

2,427 

642 

1,116 

133 

653 

88 

1,435 

88 

330 

22 

1,009 

86 

248 

6 

1,406 

57 

2,222 

262 

3,167 

682 

1,274 

138 

2,133 

647 

1,280 

167 

2,228 

294 

1,050 

382 

1,015 

340 

3,765 

418 

6,688 

678 

4,931 

978 

Alien. 


328 
50 

117 

854 
402 
1,779 
936 
812 


279 
1,991 

5,751 
1,280 
1,116 
4,476 
1,677 
1,739 
1,690 
6,698 

2,671 

276 
2,766 

94 

72 
357 

1,160 

137 
60 

110 
2,701 

280 

2,671 

1,020 

51 

1,822 

454 

115 

616 

1,309 

229 

416 
640 
619 
488 
893 
410 
1,821 
416 

1,734 
413 
363 


78 
190 


1,558 
1,811 

2,909 
723 
2,840 
2,734 
1,363 
3,189 
2,540 
4,615 
9,608 
5,522 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


115 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  WITH  CITIZENSHIP  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM 

25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  39— Continued. 


Uassacbasetts— Continued. 


Maiden 

New  Bedford . 

Newton 

Plttsfleld 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville.... 
Springfield..., 

Taunton 

Waltham 


Hlchlgan 


Battle  Creek. 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo... 

Lansing 

Saginaw 


Duluth. 


Minnesota 


Toplin 

Bt.  Joseph.. 
Springfield. 

Butte 


Missouri 


Montana 


Nebraska 

Lincoln 

Boutli  Omaha 

Kew  Hampslilre 

Manchester 

Nashua 


New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizalxjth 

Hoboken 

Orange 

Passaic 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town 

New  York 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Bingliamton 

Elmira 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Momit  Vernon 

New  Rochelle 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls 

Poughkeepsie 

Schenectady 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 


North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

WUmlngton 

Ohio 

Akron 

Canton... ; 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield V. 

Youngstown 

Zanesville 


Oklahoma 
Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City '. 

Pennsylvania 

Allentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 


MALES  31  YBABS  Or  AGE  AND  OYEB. 


Total, 


1910 


12,218 
28,363 
10,817 
10,236 

9,820 
12,629 
22,883 
27,360 
10,236 

7,952 


8,429 
13,664 
16,107 
10,768 
12,688 
10,767 
15,347 

30,000 

0,921 
28,061 
K),616 

16,037 

U,923 
8,677 


19,730 
7,768 


15,626 
16,463 
38,826 

9,764 
22,606 
22,320 

8,493 
14,924 

9,994 
31,203 
10,273 

9,501 
11,949 
15,666 
11,991 
10,033 
7,558 
8,854 
8,943 
8,471 
10,352 
8,682 
25,073 
22,483 
22,679 
8,584 
23,533 

9,025 
7,129 

23,767 
16,874 
10,956 

9,376 
10,177 

8,336 
16,361 
28,157 

8,698 

8,808 
24,736 

15,232 
15,708 
12,336 
8,750 
20,095 
20,171 


1900 


9,496 
17, 163 
9,265 
6,187 
6,916 
10,097 
18,148 
18,473 
9,216 
6,669 


6,798 
7,269 
4,027 
8,311 
7,461 
4,664 
11,838 

18,937 

8,300 

34,374 

6,469 

13,387 

13,638 
9,880 


16,396 
0,706 


9,368 
9,308 

22,249 
6,774 

15, 191 

17,089 
0,649 
7,662 
6,783 

32,110 
6,403 

6,009 
10,084 
12,189 
11,349 
6,738 
6,804 
5,758 
4,454 
7,066 
6,478 
7,190 
11,093 
17,038 
16,216 
6,782 
13,386 

4,667 
5,373 

12,620 
8,818 
7,148 
6,459 
6,825 
5,451 
11,780 
13,691 
6,857 

1,321 
3,643 

10,160 
10,923 
10,095 

7,455 
15,486 
14.687 


Native  white: 
1910 


Native 
parent- 
age. 


4,379 

2,296 

6,778 

4,363 

4,616 

2,011 

3,936 

2,986 

2,787 

1,997 

3,860 

2,980 

9,226 

4,728 

10,906 

6,008 

3,6U 

2,421 

3,016 

1,834 

6,669 
3,000 
7,741 
6,967 
6,514 
6,623 
4,326 

6,864 

8,181 
16,7(6 
8,188 

4,170 

8,122 
2,303 


4,708 
2,072 


7,066 
2,748 

14,374 
5,100 
4,979 
3,138 
2,019 
1,861 
1,410 

11,620 
1,270 

3,031 
4,876 
9,460 
6,698 
3,301 
3,769 
3,849 
2,534 
3,925 
2,397 
4,374 
10,490 
8,007 
6,902 
4,077 
5,464 

5,820 
3,566 

11,931 
8,548 
5,907 
6,832 
2,393 
5,618 
9,193 
7,795 
5,983 

5,363 
17,615 

10,864 
10,648 
4,908 
5,817 
6,428 
14,785 


Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 


1,396 
4,376 
3,583 
3,461 
3,663 
3,109 
6,303 

6,301 

978 
4,401 
1,107 

3,677 

3,380 
1,600 


3,444 
1,333 


1,748 
3,390 
6,063 
2,133 
6,488 
6,630 
2,073 
1,061 
1,316 
6,479 
3,774 

1,730 
3,060 
2,644 
2,706 
1,747 
2,003 
2,136 
1,039 
2,106 
2,078 
1,969 
4,877 
7,682 
6,300 
1,673 
6,215 

162 
229 


4,541 
3,178 
3,046 
1,391 
1,445 
1,358 
2,760 
5,533 
1,428 

575 
2,490 

1,612 
2,129 
2,320 
1,381 
5,964 
1,842 


Foreign- 
bom 
white: 
1910 


9,404 
17, 161 
4,001 
3,176 
4,990 
6,690 
8,814 
9,942 
4,206 
3,068 


1,360 
6,213 
3,638 
3,182 
3,140 
2,006 
5,684 

17,003 

636 

4,381 

038 

7,826 

3,101 
4,377 


11,480 
3,74S 


2,090 
10,100 

7,397 

2,079 
11,718 
13,603 

3,000 
10,020 

7,301 
12,038 

0,177 

4,691 
3,788 
3,310 
2,494 
5,035 
1,687 
3,612 
4,000 
2,241 
5,755 
2,122 
9,562 
6,554 
9,341 
2,798 
12,295 

240 
259 

7,051 
5,010 
1,703 

818 
6,216 
1,236 
1,662 
14,027 

859 

344 
2,122 

2,705 
2,757 
3,476 
1,452 
7,562 
1,979 


Negro: 
1910 


110 
934 
100 
103 
16 
63 
54 
460 
91 
9 


197 
02 
147 
166 
254 
113 
127 

lOS 

383 

1,698 

683 

117 

302 
313 


3,750 
166 
1,946 
423 
400 
39 
730 
166 
60 
1,124 
20 

33 
313 
244 
183 

39 
197 
336 
446 
189 
118 
311 

85 
226 
135 

30 
501 

2,801 
3,066 

238 
129 
297 
329 
121 
117 
1,735 
785 
424 

2,464 
2,392 

47 
165 
1,615 
95 
134 
1,650 


Indian, 
Chi- 
nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 
and  ail 
otber: 
1910 


248 


12 
176 


70 
34 
67 
25 
26 
42 
21 
20 
11 
33 
23 

7 

13 

8 

11 

1 

2 

21 

24 

10 

4 

6 

59 

14 

1 

6 

58 

2 
9 

6 
9 
3 
6 
2 
7 
11 
17 
4 

62 
117 

4 
9 
17 
5 

7 
15 


PKB  CENT  OF  TOTAL:  1910 


Native  white. 

For- 

For- 

Na- 
tive 
par- 

eign 

or 

mixed 

eign- 
bom 
white. 

ent- 

par- 

age. 

ent- 
age. 

35.8 

18.8 

44.2 

20.4 

16.4 

60.7 

42.7 

18.6 

37.5 

38.5 

29.2 

31.0 

38.4 

20.3 

60.9 

30.6 

23.6 

45.1 

40.3 

20.7 

38.5 

39.9 

22.0 

36.3 

34.3 

23.7 

41.1 

37.9 

23.1 

38.6 

66.1 

10.6 

14.0 

23.7 

34.6 

41.2 

61.2 

23.7 

24.0 

66.3 

22.9 

20.3 

61.7 

21.1 

25.0 

60.0 

19.6 

18.6 

28.2 

34.0 

30.4 

10.5 

31.0 

58.7 

82.0 

9.9 

5.3 

60.6 

16.9 

16.4 

77.0 

10.5 

6.1 

26.0 

22.9 

48.8 

68.3 

17.1 

22.3 

20.5 

17.4 

60.4 

24.3 

17.5 

68.2 

34.4 

17.2 

48.3 

46.2 

11.2 

19.2 

16.7 

20.6 

61.4 

49.9 

17.5 

25.7 

62.3 

21.8 

21.3 

22.0 

24.3 

61.8 

14.1 

24.8 

00.8 

23.8 

24.4 

43.1 

12.5 

13.1 

73.2 

14.2 

13.2 

72.1 

37.3 

17.6 

41.6 

12.5 

27.0 

60.1 

31.9 

18.3 

49.4 

40.8 

25.6 

31.7 

'60.4 

16.9 

21.1 

55.0 

22.0 

20.8 

31.9 

17.4 

50.2 

49.9 

26.5 

21.0 

32.2 

24.1 

40.8 

28.3 

21.7 

44.7 

46.3 

24.9 

26.5 

23.2 

20.1 

55.6 

60.4 

22.7 

24.4 

41.8 

19.5 

.38.1 

35.6 

34.2 

29.2 

30.4 

27.8 

41.2 

47.5 

19.6 

32.6 

23.2 

22.2 

52.2 

64.6 

L8 

2.7 

60.0 

3.2 

3.6 

50.2 

19.1 

29.7 

5a7 

18.8 

29.7 

63.9 

27.8 

15.5 

72.9 

14.8 

a7 

23.5 

14.2 

61.1 

67.4 

16.3 

14.8 

59.8 

18.0 

10.8 

27.7 

19.7 

49.8 

68.8 

16.4 

9.9 

60.9 

6.6 

3.9 

71.2 

10.1 

8.6 

71.3 

10.6 

17.8 

67.8 

13.6 

17.6 

39.8 

18.8 

28.2 

66.5 

15.8 

16.6 

32.0 

29.7 

37.6 

73.3 

9.1 

9.8 

Ne- 
gro. 


1.0 
3.3 
0.9 
1.0 
0.2 
0.4 
0.2 
L6 
0.0 
0.1 


2.3 

0.6 
1.0 
1.4 
2.0 
1.1 
0.8 

0.7 

2.8 
6.1 
6.5 

0.7 

2.2 
3.6 


0.1 
0.1 


24.0 
1.0 
6.7 
4.3 
1.8 
0.2 
8.6 
1.0 
0.6 
3.0 
0.2 

0.3 
1.8 
1.6 
1.6 
0.4 
2.6 
2.7 
5.0 
2.2 
1.1 
2.4 
0.3 
1.0 
0.6 
0.3 
2.1 

31.0 
43.0 

1.0 
0.8 
2.7 
3.5 
1.2 
1.4 
11.3 
2.8 
4.9 

28.0 
9.7 

a3 

1.1 
13.1 
1.1 
0.7 
7.7 


FOREiaN-BOKN  WHITE   MALES   21 
TEAB8  or  AGS  AND  OYEB:  1010 


Natural- 
ized, 


2,041 
6,441 
1,829 
1,640 
2,367 
2,443 
4,263 
4,183 
1,500 
1,635 


670 
4,009 
1,570 
1,180 
1,605 
1,020 
3,799 

8,360 

360 

2,260 

304 

4,003 

1,372 
1,060 


4,560 
1,190 


1,170 
3,364 
3,041 
1,187 
6,036 
5,796 
1,822 
2,967 
2,231 
5,253 
2,906 

1,808 
1,743 
1,260 
1,648 
2,741 

965 
1,950 
1,979 
1,125 
2,082 

994 
3,856 
4,388 
4,326 
1,050 
6,629 

100 
142 

2,459 
2,005 
1,042 

470 
1,496 

360 

916 
4,268 

348 

117 
848 

904 
1,083 
1,137 

646 
3,348 

917 


Hav- 
ing 
first 
papers. 


630 
788 
310 
185 
627 
221 
671 
792 
117 
216 


64 
262 
196 
119 
134 
137 
166 

3,172 

18 

305 

16 

786 

803 
063 


442 

76 


312 

.719 

480 

121 

1,077 

1,447 

324 

747 

489 

943 

789 

252 
209 
238 

94 
453 

82 
341 
659 
109 
373 
130 
741 
186 
542 
131 
1,110 

28 
9 

317 

203 
78 
24 

469 
45 
38 

661 
27 

12 
102 

267 
201 
106 
74 
410 
121 


Alien. 


1,739 
10,084 
1,689 
1,353 
1,922 
2,798 
3,403 
4,520 
2,200 
1,146 


324 
634 
1,719 
612 
719 
610 
717 

4,774 

63 
960 
31 

1,667 

610 
1,302 


4,846 
2,199 


822 
6,290 
2,952 

436 
4,572 
6,238 
1,191 
6,231 
3,913 
5,736 
1,728 

2,310 
1,680 
1,060 

669 
1,095 

352 
1,160 
1,332 

650 
2,892 

487 
4,071 
1,419 
3,662 
1,255 
5,060 

61 
38 

3,198 

2,676 
339 
117 

3,618 
536 
249 

7,643 
286 

60 
607 

1,366 
1,116 
1,828 

688 
2,704 

872 


Citizen- 
ship 
not  re- 
ported. 


116 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  WITH  CITIZENSHIP  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM 

25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  39— Continued* 


PenasylTanla— Continued . 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

MoKeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristown  borough 

Reading 

Shenandoah  borough 

Wilkes-Barre 

Wflliamsport 

York 

Rhode  Island 

Newiwrt 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 

South  Carolina 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Rnoxville 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galreston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Xrtah 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 

Virginia 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Roanoke 

Washlngrton 
Tacoma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Superior 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AOE  AND  OVEB. 


Total. 


1910 


6,724 
18,808 
13,492 
12,840 
11,822 

8,619 
29,041 

8,028 
18,934 

9,214 
13,3.31 

8,648 
15,061 

7,636 
10,422 


16,107 
7,605 

14,299 
10,891 

8,612 
29,864 
11, 791 
25,193 
12,753 
25,935 
27,979 

7,375 

7,680 
28,640 

7,848 
20,907 
10,623 
10,144 

32,910 


9,349 
12,822 

6,884 
8,729 
7,825 
9,440 

12,478 
7,807 

15,378 


1900 


3,666 
10,968 
11,228 
9,812 
8,813 
6,714 
22,516 
6,449 
13,557 
7,782 
9,492 

6,811 
11,076 
5,901 
7,363 


14,167 
5,049 

9,133 
9,015 

6,227 
12,843 

6,032 

8,323 
11,097 
13,816 
14.490 

5,641 

4,082 
13,639 

4,599 
13,968 
5,361 
5,791 

14,005 


3,386 
11,122 

4,766 
7,577 
5,708 
7,513 
8,283 
6,044 
11,320 


Native  white: 
1910 


Native 
parent- 


1,719 
6,709 
9,655 
3,768 
5,318 
5,149 

21,606 

881 

5,666 

6,148 

10,964 

3,105 
3,366 
2,287 
1,432 


5,477 
4,110 

7,262 
7,429 

4,489 
18,674 

5,058 
16,301 

3,584 
11,853 
11,941 

4,682 


2,879 
10,471 

5,146 
10,221 
6,872 
7,389 

13,791 


7,871 
6,748 

1,459 
2,159 
2,582 
2,225 
2,160 
751 
3,863 


Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 


2,014 
2,672 
2,181 
2,265 
1,694 
1,462 
2,707 
1,199 
6,129 
1,663 
1,163 

2,113 
4,078 
1,561 
2,433 


1,454 
191 


645 
484 

947 
2,527 
1,390 
1,776 
2,966 
3,352 
5,700 

484 

2,210 


217 
953 
740 
271 

5,644 


412 
3,927 

3,319 
3,587 
3,021 
3,582 
3,682 
2,695 
3,206 


Foreign- 
bom 

white: 
1910 


2,972 
9,225 
1.472 
6,551 
4,707 
1,691 
4.528 
6,942 
7,899 
1,153 


2,925 
7,523 
3,726 
6,540 


1,282 
227 


380 


2,103 
8,675 

250 

1,820 

604 

414 

12,191 


304 
2,679 

2,078 
2,966 
2,105 
3,598 
6,590 
4,350 
8,201 


Negro: 
1910 


11 
185 
275 
248 
189 
311 
295 
1 
246 
259 
373 

480 

68 
58 

7 


7,881 
3,076 

5,700 
2,297 


1,240 

1,929 

2,811 

6,830 

4,640 

486 

2,541 

4,513 

3,503 

2,654 

3,466 

7,240 

7,364 

2,917 

666 

1,636 

110 


2,232 
7,864 
3,394 
2,066 

361 


752 
461 

14 
18 
47 
27 
42 
1 
68 


Indian, 
Chi- 
nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 

and  all 
other: 
1910 


13 
1 

2 
1 

7 
22 
217 
62 
46 
24 
67 
17 

378 
462 


40 
13 
4 

933 


PER  CENT  OP  total:  1910 


Native  white. 


Na- 
tive 
par- 
ent- 


25.6 
35.7 
70.8 
29.3 
46.0 
59.7 
74.1 
11.0 
29.9 
66.7 
82.2 

35.9 
22.3 
30.0 
13.7 


34.0 
54.0 

50.8 
70.1 

52.1 
6e.6 
42.9 
64.7 
28.1 
45.7 
42.7 
62.1 

37.6 
36.6 

65.6 
48  9 
66.3 
72.8 

41.9 


84.2 
44.8 

21.2 
24.7 
33.0 
23.6 
17.3 
9.6 
26.1 


For- 
eign 
or 
mixed 
par- 
ent- 


30.0 
14.2 
16.2 
17.6 
13.5 
17.0 

9.3 
14.9 
27.1 
17.9 

8.7 

24.4 
27.1 
20.4 
23.3 


9.0 
2.6 

4.5 
4.6 

11.0 

8.6 

11.8 

7.0 

23.3 

12.9 

2a4 

6.6 

28.8 
30.2 

2.8 
4.6 
7.0 
2.7 

17.1 


4.4 
30.6 

48.2 
41.1 
38.6 
37.9 
29.5 
34.5 
20.8 


For- 
elgn- 
bom 
white, 


44.2 
49.0 
10.9 
51.0 
39.8 
19.6 
15.6 
74.0 
41.7 
12.5 
6.2 

33.8 
50.0 

48.8 
62.8 


8.0 
3.0 

4.8 
3.6 

14.4 
9.4 
39.4 
10.  1 
27.5 
13.4 
26.3 
8.9 

27.4 

3a3 

3.2 
8.7 
5.7 
4.1 

37.0 


3.3 
2a  9 

30.2 
34.0 
26.9 
38.1 
52.8 
55.8 
53.3 


Ne- 
gro. 


0.2 
1.0 
2.0 
1.9 
1.6 
3.6 
1.0 
C) 
1.3 
2.8 
2.8 

5.6 
0.5 
0.8 
0.1 


48.9 
4a4 

39.9 
21.7 

22.4 
19.5 
4.1 
17.9 
20.8 
27.9 
10.4 
22.2 

1.4 
1.3 

28.4 
37.6 
31.9 
20.4 

1.1 


8.0 
.3.6 

0.2 
0.2 
0.6 
0.3 
0.3 
« 
0.4 


FOREIGN-BORN    WHITE    MALES    21 
YEARS  OF  AOE  AND  OVER:  1910 


Natural- 
ized. 


1,457 

1,621 

1.028 

2,648 

1,326 

477 

1.430 

1,750 

.3,754 

723 

508 

1,672 
4,017 
1,581 
2,300 


678 
103 


361 
193 


583 
1,504 


1,962 

1,754 

3,114 

387 

1,130 
4,335 

130 
931 
349 

212 

5,806 


175 
1,413 

1,624 
1,759 
1,174 
2,106 
2,834 
2,061 
3,735 


Hav- 
ing 
first 
papers. 


119 
190 

68 
410 
292 

80 
214 
294 


40 

310 
562 
106 
256 


92 
3 

51 
13 

26 
134 
201 

97 
480 
239 
272 

27 

141 
958 

15 
151 
56 
30 

1,171 


12 
95 

205 
524 
179 
519 

1,216 
721 

1,323 


Alien. 


1,154 
6,951 

319 
3,196 
2,800 

697 
2,675 
3,692 
3,108 

227 

215 

682 
2,201 
1,514 
3,363 


255 
63 

94 
60 

167 
463 

2,445 
849 
699 
746 

2,223 
72 

518 
1,990 

83 
565 

76 
117 

3,544 


43 
743 

131 
276 
338 
419 

2,011 
991 

2,220 


Citizen- 
ship, 
not  re- 
ported. 


242 
463 
57 


537 
209 
206 
641 
134 


261 
743 
625 
631 


267 
63 

184 
124 

464 
710 

1,006 
632 
362 
727 

1,745 
170 

314 
1,392 

22 
173 
125 

55 


74 
428 

213 
40G 
414 
664 
530 
586 
923 


>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Citizenship  of  foreign-bom  white  males. — Statistics  as 
to  the  citizenship  of  foreign-born  white  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over,  as  enumerated  in  1910,  are  given  in 
Table  40.  Of  the  6,646,817  foreign-bom  white  males 
21  years  of  age  and  over  in  the  United  States  in  1910, 
45.6  per  cent  were  reported  as  naturalized,  8.6  per 
cent  as  having  taken  out  their  first  naturalization 
papers,  and  34.1  per  cent  as  aliens,  while  for  11.7 
per  cent  no  report  as  to  citizenship  was  secured.  As 
already  stated,  it  is  probable  that  much  the  larger 
proportion  of  this  last  group  are  aliens.  Nevertheless, 
on  account  of  the  marked  variations  in  the  relative 
numbers  of  those  for  whom  there  were  no  reports 
regarding  citizenship  in  the  different  states  and  geo- 
graphic divisions,  comparisons  of  the  percentages  for 
those  naturalized,  those  having  first  papers,  and  aliens 
are  somewhat  unsatisfactory. 


It  is  evident,  however,  that  in  those  geographic 
divisions  in  which  a  large  part  of  the  foreign-bom 
population  consists  of  recent  immigrants — notably 
the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  South  Atlantic, 
.Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions — the  proportion  of 
the  foreign-born  white  males  of  21  years  and  over  who 
are  naturalized  is  much  lower  than  in  the  divisions 
which  have  a  relatively  smaller  proportion  of  recent 
immigrants,  particularly  the  East  North  Central  and 
West  North  Central.  Many  of  these  immigrants  have 
been  here  too  short  a  time  to  become  naturalized. 
Among  the  states  West  Viiginia  had  the  lowest  pro- 
portion naturalized  (20.9  per  cent),  Arizona  and  Maine 
coming  next.  The  proportion  naturalized  exceeded 
three-fifths  in  Kentucky,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  Miime- 
sota.  Among  the  geographic  divisions  the  Middle 
Atlantic  had  the  lowest  percentage  naturalized  (38.7). 


FiEMALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


117 


Table  40 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


XTalted  State* . . 

Geogeaphic  mvs.: 

New  Ensland 

Middle  Atlantic... 
East  North  Central 
West  North  Central 
SouUi  Atlantic  — 
East  South  Central 
West  South  Central 

lifountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts .... 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  NoBTH  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Micbig;an 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  ot  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina  . . . 
South  Carolina . . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Missis-sippi 

W.  South  Central; 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming..... 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Caliiomia 


loreion-born  white  mai.e8  21  tears  of  age  and 
over:  1910 


Naturalized. 


Num- 
ber. 


3,C04,117 


323,994 
879, 34S 
812,489 
510,918 
61,134 
25,955 
70,766 
113,670 
235,844 


14,994 
16,416 
10,811 
189,126 
32,040 
60,608 


502,063 
128,438 
248,827 


142,465 
42,633 
317,339 
167,304 
142,848 


179,187 
90,573 
65,612 
46,636 
32,495 
57,270 
39,145 


3,707 
24,256 
6,474 
6,411 
7,263 
1,439 
1,602 
4,023 
5,959 


13,225 
5,444 
4,841 
2,445 


5,284 
10,024 
12,074 
43,383 


27,635 
12,817 

6,837 
35,245 

4,267 

5,912 
15,351 

5,606 


68,895 
29,675 
137,274 


Per 
cent. 


45.6 


40. 

38.7 

51.6 

58.8 

40.6 

50.0 

41.2 

44.1 

46.4 


30.9 
39.1 
45.5 
41.7 
42.2 
39.6 


41.1 
41.5 
33.6 


46.2 
47.8 
52.5 
55.4 
53.1 


60.1 
61.7 
54.0 
58.5 
69.6 
60.7 
62.7 


42.2 
50.6 
55.2 
43.1 
20.9 
43.7 
47.7 
47.3 
34.2 


64.7 
53.8 
46.0 
46.7 


54.4 
37.8 
51.3 
38.7 


46.6 
49.6 
37.4 
50.0 
34.1 
23.0 
47.01 
43.9 


Having 
first  papers. 


Num- 
ber. 


676,772 


48,608 

202,012 

148,254 

76,934 

8,997 

2,220 

10,071 

23,219 

50,667 


1,490 
1,421 
1,164 
30,016 
5,314 
9,103 


131,085 
24,511 
46,416 


17,509 
13,320 
43,482 
26,235 
47,706 


26,222 
6,654 

10,117 
9,824 
8,020 
9,924 
6,173 


658 

3,278 

1,068 

860 

1,356 

194 

184 

625 

783 


816 
464 
684 
267 


505 

1,166 
1,477 
6,833 


0,749 
2,478 
1,937 
6,636 
709 
1,113 
2,415 
1,282 


46.8  15,268 
46. 4i  7,591 
46.21    27,708 


Per 
cent. 


8.6 


6.1 
8.9 
9.4 
8.8 
6.0 
4.8 
5.9 
9.0 
9.9 


3.1 
3.4 
4.9 
6.6! 
7.0 
5.9 


10.7 
7.9 
6.3 


5.7 
15.0 
7.2 
8.7 
17.7 


8.8 
4.6 
8.3 
12.3 
14.7 
10.6 
8.3 


7.5 
6.8 
9.0 
5.8 
3.9 
6.9 
5.6 
7.3 
4.5 


4.0 
4.6 
6.5 
4.9 


11.4 
9.6 

10.6 
9.3 
6.7 
4.3 
7.4 

10.0 


10.4 
11.9 
9.3 


Alien. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,266,535 


366,161 

966,101 

426,278 

144, 177 

57,127 

8,647 

52,853 

85,619 

160,572 


23,672 

19,377 

9,652 

212,033 

69^431 


475,250 
122,076 
367,766 


113,856 
18,354 

174,581 
76,550 
42,937 


58,132 
20,275 
25,835 
10,965 
4,376 
12,347 
12,247 


3,189 

13,573 

2,304 

4, — 

22,545 

827 

739 

1,846 

7,411 


2,754 
1,867 
2,793 
1,233 


1, 

9,161 

4,449 

37,865 


16,937 
6,215 
8,125 

19,615 
6,048 

14,574 
9,626 
4,479 


43,202 
17,430 
99,940 


Per 
cent. 


34.1 


45.9 
42.5 
27.1 
16.6 
37.9 
18.7 
30.7 
33.2 
31.6 


48.8 
46.2 
40.6 
46.7 
42.2 
45.3 


38.0 
39.4 
40.6 


36.0 
20.6 
28.9 
25.3 
15.9 


19.6 
13.8 
21.3 
13.8 
8.0 
13.1 
16.51 


36.3 
28.3 
19.6 
31.5 
65.0 
25.1 
22.0 
21.7 
42.5 


13.5 
18.5 
26.5 
23.6 


14.3 
34.6 
18.9 
33.8 


28.6 
24.0 
44.6 
27.8 
48.4 
66.7 
29.5 
35.1 


29.3 
27.3 
33.6 


Citizenship 
not  reported. 


Num- 
ber. 


775,393 


58,184 
225,810 
180,322 
137,379 
23,407 
9,486 
38,251 
35,029 
61,525 


8,308 
4,743 
2,132 

22,426 
6,640 

14,026 


112,586 
34,623 
78,601 


34,648 
14,720 
69,122 
32,086 
36,744 


34,741 
29,378 
19,840 
12,296 
9,637 
14,804 
16,683 


1,222 
6,866 
1,002 
2,910 
3,521 
836 
830 
2,019 
3,292 


3,646 
2,337 
2,203 
1,300 


2,451 

6,178 

5,551 

24,071 


7,002 
4,334 
1,364 
9,118 
1,478 
4,083 
5,260 
1,400 


19,869 
9,213 
32,443 


Per 
cent. 


11.7 


7.3 
9.9 
11.8 
15.8 
16.5 
20.5 
22.2 
13.6 
12.1 


17.1 
11.3 
9.0 
4.9 
8.6 
9.2 


9.2 
11.2 
10.6 


11.2 
16.6 
11.4 
10.6 
13.3 


11.6 
20.0 
16.3 
15.4 
17.7 
15.7 
22.6 


13.9 
14.3 
16.2 
19.6 
10.2 
25.4 
24.7 
23.7 
18.9 


17.8 
23.1 
20.9 

24.8 


25.2 
23.3 
23.6 
21.5 


13.6 
16.8 
7.5 
12.9 
11.8 
15.9 
16.1 
11.0 


13.5 
14.4 

ia9 


Table  41  gives  statistics  as  to  the  citizenship  of  the 
foreign-born  white  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in 
1910  for  cities  having  100,000  inhabitants  or  more. 
For  cities  of  25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants  statistics 
are  given  in  Table  39,  page  114. 


Table  41 


Albany,  N.Y,... 

Atlanta,  Qa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala. 
Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Buflalo,  N.  Y 

Cambridge.  Mass. 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio.. 

Cleveland,  Ohio.. 
Columbus,  Ohio.. 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass.... 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich 
Indianapolis,  Ind. . . 
Jersey  Citv,  N.  J . . . . 
Kansas  City,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  CaL. . . 

Louisvule,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

MUwaukee,  Wis.... 

Minneapolis,  Miim. . 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn.. 
New  Orleans,  La. . . 

New  York,  N.Y... 
ManhaUan  Bar. . . 

Bronx  Soroush 

Brooklyn  Borough. 
Queen*  Boroufk . . . 
Richmond  Bar 

Newark.  N.  J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.  I... 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y.... 

St.  Ix)uis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.C.. 
Worcester,  Mass 


FOREIGN-BORN  'WHITE  HALES  21  TEARS  OT  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910 


Naturalized. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,827 
1,011 

16,643 
1,179 

47,791 

6,563 
29,409 

7,162 

190,693 

17,253 

40,482 
4,453 
3,451 
10,959 
32,891 

8,368 
7,758 
6,088 
16,556 
6,953 

14,097 
5,704 
7,028 
1,664 

26,165 

23,462 

951 

8,628 

6,138 

318,091 

33,188 

109,100 

31,019 

6,937 

21,427 
10,237 
7,079 
9,817 
69,416 

28,797 
11,251 
12,988 
943 
13,003 

33,081 
17,071 
36,375 
7,930 
16,438 

5,496 
7,036 
8,752 
6,474 
9,126 


Per 
cent. 


58.9 
44.2 
49.5 
40.0 
46.3 

38.3 
62.2 
48.9 
50.2 
64.6 

42.9 
52.5 
47.3 
57.1 
43.7 

41.5 
56.7 
58.5 
43.9 
53.3 

47.7 
68.4 
38.6 
48.9 
46.6 

62.0 
66.3 
45.0 
45.6 

38.4 
StS 
4&S 
is.  9 
6L8 

49.e 

43.1 
52.9 
51.3 
48.6 
41.6 

41.1 
44.6 
39.5 
46.2 
48.0 

52.1 
58.8 
48.0 
45.4 
45.5 

44.4 

47.1 
65.3 
56.2 
40.0 


Having  first 
papers. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


462 

193 

2,664 

186 

10,438 

1,038 
4,319 
1,189 
31,585 
1,733 

7,826 

414 

396 

2,102 

7,271 

732 
1,016 
1,189 
3,067 

890 

2,730 
380 
427 
197 

9,887 

5,427 

80 

1,426 

595 

106,526 

68,861 

8,848 

SJL,geO 

3,848 

908 

4,982 

2,004 

2,103 

1,387 

15,533 

5,355 
3,058 
2,815 
123 
2,947 

7,049 
2,586 
10,681 
964 
3,068 

1,374 

862 

724 

1,058 

1,514 


5.6 
8.4 
7.9 
6.3 
10.1 

6.1 
7.7 
8.1 
8.3 
6.5 

8.3 
4.9 
5.4 
10.9 
9.7 

3.6 
7.4 
11.4 
8.1 
6.8 

9.2 
4.6 
2.3 
5.8 
17.6 

12.0 
5.6 
7.4 
4.4 

12.9 
It 
11.9 
13.8 
10  0 
7.e 

10.0 
10.4 
15.3 
6.9 
9.3 

7.6 
12.1 
8.6 
6.0 
10.9 

11.1 
8.9 

14.1 
5.5 
8.5 

11.1 
5.8 
4.6 
9.0 
6.6 


Alien. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


1,661 
565 

9,559 

839 

40,516 

8,136 
16,255 
5,866 
124,553 
6,250 

40,221 
2,349 
2,964 
3,801 

28,733 

10,594 
3,301 
1,795 

14,404 
2,564 

8,662 
1,152 
9,897 
808 
14,435 

10,305 

170 

7,693 

3,703 

339.473 

SIS',  777 
SO,  970 
90, SSI 
11,089 

4,  lie 

19,204 
5,968 
2,868 
6,029 

63,156 

28,439 
7,097 

14,910 

503 

8,361 

15,918 
5,576 

21, 872 
6,801 

11,474 

3,451 
4,715 
4,308 
2,304 
11,184 


20.3 
24.7 
28.4 
28.5 
39.3 

47.5 
28.9 
40.1 
32.8 
23.4 

42.6 
27.7 
40.6 
19.8 
38.1 

62.5 
24.1 
17.2 
38.2 
19.6 

29.3 
13.8 
54.4 
23.7 
25.7 

22.8 
11.8 
40.1 
27.5 

41.0 

46.1 

SO.  6 

S6.4 

S8  9 

34-4 

38.7 

30.9 

20. 

29. 

37.8 

40.5 
28.1 
45.4 
24.7 
30.9 

25.1 
19.2 
28.9 
38.9 
31.8 

27.9 
31.6 
27.2 
19.6 
49.0 


Citizenship 
notrepcffted. 


Num- 
ber. 


1,242 
518 

4,772 
740 

4,415 

1,377 

6.354 

419 

33,019 

1,487 

5,902 
1,271 
492 
2,342 
6,428 

487 
1,614 
1,336 
3,680 
2,645 

4,087 

1,098 

839 

734 

5,624 

5,965 

234 

1,447 

3,050 

64,704 
^,961 
6,670 
14,663 
2.594 
1,016 

4,061 
1,125 
1,738 
2,949 
18,968 

7,567 
3,824 
2.150 

471 
2,756 

7,392 
3,815 
6,840 
1,766 
5,117 

2,069 
2,331 
2,042 
1,902 
903 


Per 
ceat. 


15.2 
22.6 
14.2 
25.1 
4.3 

8.0 
11.3 
2.9 
8.7 
5.6 

6.3 
15.0 

6.7 
12.2 

8.5 

2.4 
11.8 
12.8 

9.8 
20.3 

13.8 
13.2 
4.6 
21.6 
10.0 

13.2 
16.3 
7.5 
22.6 

7.8 
8.9 
8.3 
6.9 
6.S 
8.6 
8.2 
5.8 
12.6 
14.6 
1L4 

10.8 
15.2 
6.6 
23.1 
10.2 

11.7 
13.1 
9.0 
10.1 
14.2 

16.7 
15.6 
12.9 
16.2 
4.3 


FEMALES  21  YEARS  OP  AGE  AND  OVER. 

Table  42  gives  the  number  of  females  21  years  of 
age  and  over  in  1910,  classified  according  to  color  or 
race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  by  geographic  divisions 
and  states. 

As  already  noted,  the  composition  of  the  adult 
female  population  according  to  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  differs  from  that  of  the  adult  male 
population  principally  in  including  a  smaller  percent- 
age of  foreign  bom.  This  difference,  varying  in  de- 
gree, appears  in  the  figures  for  every  state  as  well  as  in 
those  for  the  United  States.  Apart  from  this,  the  com- 
position of  the  female  population  in  the  different  states 
or  sections  naturally  corresponds  to  that  of  the  male. 


118 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

FEMALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table  42 


SITISIOK  AMD  STATE. 


TTblted  States 

Oeoobaphic  DiTiaioNs: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. . 

Soath  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 

West  South  Central . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Bhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Centbal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota v... 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virghiia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado... 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Paotic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Califomla 


Total 
females  21 
years  of  age 
and  over. 

WHITE. 

NATIVE 

WHITE. 

FOEKIGN-BORN 
WHITE. 

NEGRO. 

Indian. 

Chl- 

Native  parentage. 

Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 

nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

and 
all 

other. 

24,655,754 

22,059,236 

89.8 

12,484,481 

SO.  8 

4,567,847 

18.6 

5,007,108 

20.4 

2,427,742 

9.9 

60,169 

8,607 

2,043,998 

2,021,640 

98.9 

841,264 

41.2 

428,673 

21.0 

751,603 

36.8 

21,822 

1.1 

673 

63 

5,608,188 

5,464,123 

97.4 

2,377,232 

42.4 

1,274,288 

22.7 

1,812,603 

32.3 

142,116 

2.6 

1,690 

260 

5,133,680 

6,036,624 

98.1 

2,516,036 

49.0 

1,340,723 

26.1 

1,179,865 

23.0 

92,C98 

1.8 

4,278 

80 

3,005,774 

2,923,305 

97.3 

1,538,145 

61.2 

776,397 

25.8 

608,763 

20.3 

72,278 

2.4 

10,135 

56 

3,007,118 

2,036,690 

67.7 

1,809,235 

60.2 

125,998 

4.2 

100,357 

3.3 

969,575 

32.2 

1,904 

49 

2,037,064 

1,390,848 

68.3 

1,283,046 

63.0 

74,876 

3.7 

32,927 

1.6 

645,697 

31.7 

608 

11 

1,987,760 

1,504,766 

75.7 

1,245,132 

62.6 

142,047 

7.1 

117,687 

5.9 

467,795 

23.5 

15,132 

67 

614,736 

590, 116 

96.0 

320,983 

62.2 

138,205 

22.5 

130,928 

21.3 

6,686 

1.1 

17,513 

421 

1,117,436 

1,092,324 

97.8 

553,409 

49.5 

266,440 

23.8 

272,476 

24.4 

9,076 

0.8 

8,436 

7.600 

225,736 

225,107 

99.7 

156,663 

69.4 

25,689 

11.3 

42,855 

19.0 

401 

0.2 

228 

135,372 

136,187 

99.9 

78,394 

57.9 

19,004 

14.0 

37,789 

27.9 

176 

0,1 

9 

106,883 

106,598 

99.7 

67,945 

63.6 

20,234 

18.9 

18,419 

17.2 

277 

0.3 

8 

1,074,485 

1,061,602 

98.8 

363,036 

33.8 

246,539 

22.9 

462,028 

42.1 

12,648 

1.2 

192 

43 

166,391 

163,120 

98.0 

49,965 

30.0 

40,305 

24.2 

72,860 

43.8 

3,178 

1.9 

86 

7 

335,131 

329,926 

98.4 

125,272 

37.4 

77,002 

23.0 

127,652 

38.1 

6,142 

1.5 

60 

13 

2,757,521 

2,706,523 

98.2 

927,995 

33.7 

710,146 

25.8 

1,068,383 

38.7 

49,300 

1.8 

1,502 

196 

736,659 

706,728 

95.9 

288,821 

39.2 

166,074 

22.5 

251,833 

34.2 

29,866 

4.1 

26 

39 

2,114,008 

2,050,872 

97.0 

1,160,416 

64.9 

398,069 

18.8 

492,387 

23.3 

62,949 

3.0 

162 

26 

1,398,341 

1,364,611 

97.6 

830,364 

69.4 

314,929 

22.5 

219,328 

15.7 

33,683 

2.4 

33 

14 

770,658 

752,208 

97.6 

577,899 

75.0 

117,643 

15.3 

56,666 

7.4 

18,386 

2.4 

61 

3 

1,567,491 

1,533,014 

97.8 

647,697 

41.3 

421,178 

26.9 

464,139 

29.6 

34,372 

2.2 

56 

49 

786,033 

778,874 

99.1 

319,537 

40.7 

224,713 

28.6 

234,624 

29.8 

6,318 

0.7 

1,833 

8 

611,157 

607,917 

99.5 

140,549 

23.0 

262,260 

42.9 

205,108 

33.6 

939 

0.2 

2,295 

6 

512,411 

508,195 

99.2 

111,088 

21.7 

192,518 

37.6 

204,589 

39.9 

2,061 

0.4 

2,146 

9 

603,644 

599,442 

99.3 

315,389 

52.2 

175,267 

29.0 

108,786 

18.0 

4,124 

0.7 

73 

6 

896,152 

847,997 

94.6 

688,496 

65.7 

171,954 

19.2 

87,547 

9.8 

48,057 

6.4 

81 

17 

122,406 

120,780 

98.7 

29,600 

24.2 

37,987 

31.0 

53,193 

43.5 

158 

0.1 

1,468 

134,187 

128,772 

96.0 

48,349 

36.0 

43,530 

82.4 

36,893 

27.5 

220 

0.2 

5,188 

7 

298,040 

294,849 

98.9 

146,645 

49.2 

79,569 

26.7 

68,635 

23.0 

2,369 

0.8 

806 

16 

438,934 

423,270 

96.4 

298,578 

68.0 

75,572 

17.2 

49,120 

11.2 

15,289 

3.5 

373 

2 

68,442 

60,160 

85.8 

37,070 

63.4 

6,673 

11.2 

6,517 

11.2 

8,281 

14.2 

1 

373,819 

309,897 

82.9 

209,793 

56.1 

56,820 

15.2 

43,284 

11.6 

63,899 

17.1 

12 

11 

116,148 

81,662 

70.3 

65,194 

47.5 

16,118 

13.9 

10,350 

8.9 

34,449 

29.7 

22 

16 

518,473 

353,516 

68.2 

335,607 

64.7 

9,533 

1.8 

8,376 

1.6 

164,844 

31.8 

110 

3 

284,069 

270,298 

94.9 

241,703 

84.8 

15,872 

6.6 

12,723 

4.5 

14,667 

5.1 

3 

1 

519,476 

368,583 

69.0 

354,416 

68.2 

2,816 

0.4 

1,851 

0.4 

159,236 

80.7 

1,656 

1 

343,968 

162,625 

47.3 

156,965 

45.6 

3,577 

1.0 

2,083 

0.6 

181,264 

52.7 

65 

4 

613,149 

343,187 

56.0 

330,779 

53.9 

7,579 

1.2 

4,829 

0.8 

269,937 

44.0 

20 

6 

178,685 

105,662 

59.1 

87,708 

49.1 

7,610 

4.3 

10,344 

5.8 

72,998 

40.9 

16 

9 

579,756 

606,299 

87.3 

441,093 

76.1 

47,716 

8.2 

17,490 

3.0 

73,413 

12.7 

43 

1 

642,408 

419,646 

77.4 

400,706 

73.9 

12,486 

2.3 

6,465 

1.2 

122,707 

22.6 

54 

1 

601,959 

284,116 

56.6 

269,397 

63.7 

8,002 

1.7 

6,117 

1.2 

217,676 

43.4 

167 

412,941 

180,787 

43.8 

171,849 

41.6 

6,073 

1.5 

2,865 

0.7 

231,901 

66.2 

244 

9 

351,994 

248,964 

70.7 

234,232 

66.6 

9,140 

2.6 

5,592 

1.6 

102,917 

29.2 

112 

1 

395,354 

222,473 

66.8 

166,066 

42.0 

37,276 

9.4 

19,131 

4.8 

172,711 

43.7 

149 

21 

356,194 

811,266 

87.4 

276,301 

77.6 

22,208 

6.2 

12,757 

3.6 

30,208 

8.5 

14,718 

2 

884,218 

722,063 

81.7 

668,533 

64.3 

73,428 

8.3 

80,107 

9.1 

161,959 

18.3 

153 

43 

81,741 

78,831 

95.8 

34,086 

41.7 

20,289 

24.8 

23,956 

29.3 

553 

0.7 

2,811 

46 

89,818 

68,643 

98.2 

40,258 

57.7 

17,043 

24.4 

11,242 

16.1 

187 

0.3 

1,031 

67 

28,840 

27,932 

96.9 

15,648 

54.3 

6,209 

21.5 

6,075 

21.1 

494 

1.7 

376 

38 

213,425 

209,195 

98.0 

122, 780 

57.5 

43,605 

20.4 

42,810 

20.1 

3,861 

1.8 

284 

85 

73,152 

68,276 

93.8 

66,719 

77.5 

5,494 

7.5 

6,063 

8.3 

441 

0.6 

4,424 

11 

43,891 

36,885 

84.0 

17,337 

39.5 

7,475 

17.0 

12,073 

27.5 

635 

1.4 

6,329 

42 

85,729 

84,588 

98.7 

26,838 

31.3 

82,901 

38.4 

24,849 

29.0 

313 

0.4 

747 

81 

18,140 

16,366 

90.2 

7,317 

40.3 

6,189 

28.6 

3,860 

21.3 

20i 

1.1 

1,511 

61 

277,727 

271,828 

97.9 

141,260 

50.9 

59,732 

21.5 

70,836 

25.5 

1,697 

0.6 

2,904 

1,398 

168,323 

166,191 

98.7 

104,149 

61.9 

32,273 

19.2 

29,769 

17.7 

443 

0.3 

1,323 

366 

671,386 

654,305 

97.5 

308,000 

45.9 

174,435 

26.0 

171,870 

26.6 

6,936 

1.0 

4,209 

5,936 

MALES  OF  MILITIA  AGE. 


119 


MAIES  OF  MILITIA  AGE— 18  TO  44  YEARS. 


Men  from  18  to  44  years  of  age,  inclusive,  are 
subject  to  militia  duty  under  the  laws  of  most  states, 
and  represent  substantially  the  theoretical  fighting 
strength  of  the  country  in  case  of  war.  Table  43 
gives,  by  divisions  and  states,  the  total  number  of 
males  of  this  class  in  1910  and  in  1900,  with  a  further 
classification  of  the  number  in  1910  according  to  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage. 

The  total  number  of  males  from  18  to  44  years  of 


age  in  1910  was  20,473,684,  constituting  22.3  per  cent 
of  the  total  population  of  the  country  and  43.3  per  cent 
of  the  total  male  population.  Males  of  this  age  in 
1900  constituted  21.3  per  cent  of  the  total  population 
and  41.7  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  males.  In 
1910,  48.7  per  cent  of  the  males  18  to  44  years  of  age 
were  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  19.1  per  cent 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  21.8  per 
cent  foreign-bom  whites,  and  9.7  per  cent  negroes. 


MALES  FROM  18  TO  44  YEARS  OF  AGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  43 


DIVISION  AND  STATB. 


XTolted  States. 


Obographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


Nkw  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Now  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

lAST  NoKTH  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Wbst  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Ca  rolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas .". .. 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma* 

Texas 

Moiwtain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


total  hales  18  TO  44  TEARS  Of  AGE,  mCLUSFVE. 


1910 


80,473,684 


1,458,900 
4,642,493 
4,102,692 
2,612,095 
2,405,895 
1,627,471 
1,813,048 
714,  V<3 
1,196,947 


161,325 
90,357 
73,685 
760,324 
125,213 
257,996 

2,166,361 

597,613 

1,788,619 

1,076,928 
580,567 

1,330,556 
616, 729 
497,922 

491,113 
475,829 
721,166 
145,628 
140,635 
267,497 
370,227 

44,634 
271,373 

78,349 
398,728 
275,048 
392,192 
276, 788 
497,095 
171,688 

467,493 
423,088 
401,145 
345,745 

311,792 
338,343 
357,933 
804,980 

123,232 
86,384 
54,654 

303,982 
73,097 
58,962 
84,449 
29,383 

340,872 
190,553 
665,522 


1900 


16,182,7(8 


1,236,976 
3,468,069 
3,468,041 
2,246,129 
1,979,974 
1,431,419 
1,286,476 
441,527 
634,091 


142,175 
88,149 
70,850 

632,369 
95,737 

207,696 

1,639,395 

422,768 

1,406,916 

893,327 
530,616 
1,091,472 
516,802 
425,825 

399,734 
475,760 
662,928 
80,191 
87,505 
235,572 
304,439 

40,029 
243, 776 

62,981 
346,030 
200,503 
326,202 
236, 767 
409,186 
114,600 

428,622 
384,249 
328,949 
289,699 

250,380 
268,739 
168, 136 
599,221 

83,574 
41,783 
32,988 
142, 136 
41,464 
34,231 
68, 765 
11,596 

149,586 
105,628 
878,877 


Increase: 
1900-1910 


Number. 


4,890,982 


221,924 
1,074,424 
644,651 
365,966 
426,921 
196,062 
626,672 
272,616 
662,866 


9,150 
2,208 
2,836 
127,965 
29,476 
60,300 

616,966 
174,765 
382,703 

183,601 
49,942 

239,084 
99,927 
72,097 

91,379 
69 
58,238 
66,437 
53,130 
31,925 
65,788 

4,605 
27,597 
15,368 
52,698 
74,645 
65,990 
40,021 
87,909 
57,188 

28,871 
38,839 
72,196 
66,146 

61,412 
69,604 
189, 797 
205,759 

39,658 
44,601 
21,666 
61,846 
31,633 
24,731 
30,694 
17,787 

191,286 
84,925 
286,645 


Per 
cent. 


26.5 


17.9 

31.0 

18.6 

16.3 

21.6 

13.7 

40.9 

61. 

88.81 


6.4 
2.6 
4.0 
20.2 
30.8 
24.2 

31.5 
41.3 
27.2 

20. 
9.4 
21.9 
19.8 
16.9 

22.9 
(') 
8.8 
81.6 
60.7 
13.6 
21.6 

11.6 
11.3 
24.4 
16.2 
37.2 
20.2 
16.9 
21.5 
49.9 

6.7 
10.1 
21.9 
19.4 

24.5 
25.9 
112.9 
34.3 

47.5 
106.7 
65.7 
43.5 
76.3 
72.2 
67.1 
153.4 

127.9 
80.4 
75.7 


Per  cent  of 

total 
population. 


1910 


22.3 


22.3 
23.6 
22.6 
22.4 
19.7 
19.4 
30.6 
27.1 
28.6 


20.4 
31.0 
20.7 
22.6 
23.1 
23.1 

28.7 
23.6 
23.3 

22.6 
21.6 
23.6 
21.9 
21.8 

23.7 
21.4 
21.9 
26.3 
24.1 
22.4 
21.9 

22.1 
20.9 
23.7 
19.3 
22.5 
17.8 
18.3 
19.1 
22.8 

20.0 
19.4 
18.8 
19.2 

19.8 
20.4 
21.6 
20.7 

32.8 
26.5 
37.4 
25.5 
22.3 
28.9 
22.6 
35.9 

29.8 
28.3 
28.0 


1900 


21.3 


22.1 
22.4 
21.6 
21.7 
19.0 
19.0 
19.7 
26.4 
36.2 


20.6 
21.4 
30.6 
22.5 
22.3 
22.9 

22.6 
22.4 
22.3 

21.6 
31.1 
22.6 
21.8 
30.6 

22.8 
21.8 
21.3 
2.S.1 
21.81 
22.1 
20.7 

21.7 
20.6 
22.6 
18.7 
20.9 
17.2 
17.7 
18.6 
21.7 

20.0 
19.0 
18.0 
18.7 

19.1 
19.5 
21.3 

19.7 

34.3 
25.8 
35.7 
26.3 
21.2 
27.8 
19.4 
27.4 

28.9 
25.5 
25.5 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


9,978,600 


500,616 
1,706,717 
1,940,295 
1,313,576 
1,429,626 
1,042,804 
1,166,406 
350,286 
628,277 


94,710 
42,104 
43,100 
212,679 
32,212 
76,911 

664,781 
205,016 
846,970 

621,663 
431,667 
627,411 
236,221 
124,448 

109,967 
249,216 
483,258 
37,362 
64,811 
131,046 
248,416 

26,394 
163,567 

38,078 
255,336 
211,721 
271,439 
128,262 
267,666 

77,062 

369,847 
316,443 
222,297 
146,717 

209,990 
153,426 
279,264 
523,725 

47,659 
47,102 
26,695 
112,306 
53,737 
22,629 
29,189 
11,069 

155,048 
106,647 
266,582 


1900 


8,014,406 


490,420 

1,439,231 

1,653,869 

1,123,999 

1,169,974 

891,791 

783,320 

201,740 

270,072 


96,430 
47,679 
42,351 
203,316 
28,476 
72,168 

644,188 
160,662 
734,581 

623,276 
389,203 
466,467 
197,268 
88,666 

81,812 
243, 701 
484,875 
16,582 
27,312 
117,642 
202,676 

24,084 
131,720 

29,807 
216,888 
166,264 
223,643 
102,298 
214,987 

60,283 

320,525 
280,109 
175,989 
115,168 

169,937 
104,614 
128,621 
380,148 

28,464 
20,238 
16,037 
76,092 
29,730 
12,556 
14,978 
3,655 

70,391 
59,595 
140,086 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


8,901,682 


366,428 

1,011,609 

1,108,243 

747,116 

90,856 

50,972 

129,943 

150,067 

266,660 


23,666 
16,774 
14,314 
203,866 
84,686 
64,333 

668,662 
140,241 
312,616 

232,993 
81,639 
367,467 
199,467 
286,797 

204,803 
153, 165 
132,421 
61,647 
61,198 
83,237 
70,644 

6,077 
39,843 
10,613 
8,026 
11,530 
1,706 
2,443 
5,893 
6,224 

31,475 
8,844 
6,376 
4,277 

8,381 
24,881 
22,201 
74,480 

26,684 
19,710 

9,798 
39,265 

6,741 

9,259 
32,924 

6,776 

67,507 
34,653 
154,400 


1000 


3,306,335 


298,312 
905,008 
996,005 
603,917 
90,392 
60,161 
100,947 
102,046 
149,547 


18,681 
13,662 
16,708 
168,335 
26,004 
66,022 

607,652 
110,317 
287,139 

227,443 
95,512 
315,894 
167,233 
199,923 

149,863 
149,069 
136,856 
19,634 
28,027 
61,618 
68,850 

4,985 
41,554 
9,650 
7,457 
12,630 
1,644 
2,685 
5,581 
4,206 

38,563 
10,204 
6,736 
4,658 

7,325 
28,118 
11,015 
64,489 

18,458 
10,600 

7,304 
27,784 

3,885 

6,025 
24,842 

3,148 

27,534 

18,  .542 

103,471 


FOREION-BORN 
WHITE. 


1910 


4,471,688 


581,585 
1,700,877 
966,436 
478,077 
103,836 
22,382 
101,609 
181,864 
835,022 


33,338 
31,291 
15,467 

331,809 
55, 743 

113,937 

897,977 
228,193 
674, 707 

202,680 
61,667 
402,334 
175.939 
133,926 

171,816 
69,160 
63,626 
65,217 
31,326 
49,349 
37,583 

6,229 

28,824 

6,927 

9,460 

30,582 

2,106 

1,976 

6,432 

12,300 

8,284 
6,026 
6,182 
2,890 

4,687 
15,159 
13,456 
68,308 

44,568 
17,237 
14,963 
46, 740 

9,109 
20,679 
19,277 

9,291 

102, 786 
42,372 
189,864 


1900 


3,068,059 


429,658 

1,024,790 

736,240 

463,687 

67,169 

20,733 

74,361 

111,636 

169,795 


26,505 
26,649 
12,666 
249,619 
38,797 
76,632 

653,934 
132,994 
337,862 

118,697 
31,536 
294,254 
157,103 
134,751 

165,140 
79,470 
62,885 
42,484 
28,355 
53,679 
31,674 

4,292 
22,322 
4,500 
5,512 
7,939 
1,289 
1,423 
3,604 
6,288 

9,844 
4,408 
4,318 
2,163 

4,004 
13, 107 

6,656 
60,584 

30,886 
8,478 
8,280 

35,144 
4,511 
8,846 

12,442 
3,049 

42,206 
18,290 
99,299 


1910 


1,985,416 


17,326 

115,040 

81,757 

64,212 

779,085 

510,592 

401,043 

7,011 

9,350 


330 

137 

895 

10,054 

2,357 

3,552 

39,488 
23,099 
62,463 

29,269 
15,630 
31,702 
4,469 
797 

2,743 

4,011 

41,441 

260 

271 

2,fi00 

12,896 

6,911 
49,386 
22,472 
125,692 
21,134 
115,547 
144,019 
217,970 
75,954 

68,306 
93,709 
166,099 
192,478 

88,627 
144,430 

30,148 
137,838 

613 

253 

1,253 

3,241 

474 
668 
445 
164 

2,538 

613 

6,199 


1900 


1,680,052 


14,770 

88,818 

67,013 

66,051 

669,921 

457,976 

316, 706 

6,675 

4,122 


294 

160 

204 

8,623 

2,142 

3,447 

26,858 
17,668 
44,302 

23,684 
14,147 
34,671 
8,765 
746 

1,772 

8,373 

37,949 

93 

137 

2,010 

10,717 

6,622 

47, 746 

18,677 

115,873 

13,621 

98,691 

130,283 

184,863 

53,646 

59,636 
89,462 
141,828 
167,061 

69,055 
122,381 

10,927 
113,343 

657 
104 
449 

3,501 
653 

1,047 
327 
87 

1,009 

455 

2,668 


Indian, 
Chinese^ 
Japa- 
nese, 
and  all 
Other: 
1910 


136,399 


2,946 
8,350 
6,961 
9,116 
2,594 
721 
14,048 
24,925 
67,738 


281 
51 
'9 

2,016 
216 
873 

6,613 

964 

1,878 

433 

264 

1,652 

1,653 

1,969 

1,784 

277 

420 

1,162 

3,629 

1,266 

689 

33 
253 
869 
214 

81 
1,394 

88 
184 
148 

81 

66 

191 

88S 

107 

447 

12,865 

629 

8,808 
2,082 
1,945 
2,430 
4,036 
6,927 
2,614 
2,083 

12,993 
6,268 
48.477 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


*  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


Chaptee   3. 
AGE  AND  MARITAL  CONDITION. 


AGE  STATISTICS. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  contains  a  summary  of 
the  data  relative  to  age,  and  to  the  marital  condition 
of  the  population,  reported  at  the  Thirteenth  Census, 
taken  as  of  April  15,  1910,  with  comparative  figures 
for  prior  censuses.  Statistics  are  presented  for  the 
geographic  divisions,  the  states,  and  the  principal  cities 
of  the  United  States.  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and 
other  outlying  possessions  are  not  included. 

It  is  impossible  to  claim  entire  accuracy  for  census 
statistics  of  age.  Some  people  do  not  know  their  true 
ages;  some  people  seem  deliberately  to  report  them 
incorrectly;  and  the  reports  for  a  good  many  persons 
are  not  made  by  the  persons  themselves,  but  by  others 
who  have  not  exact  knowledge  as  to  the  age.  There 
is  a  conspicuous  tendency  to  report  ages  in  round 
numbers ;  the  number  reported  as  40  years  of  age,  for 
example,  is  far  greater  than  the  number  reported  as 
either  39  or  41.  In  the  present  report,  however,  indi- 
vidual years  are  not  shown,  but  only  groups  of  years. 
When  the  ages  are  combined  into  groups  of  5,  10,  or 
more  years  the  margin  of  error  is  probably  small. 

UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 

Classification  by  6-year  age  periods :  1910. — Table  1 , 
page  122,  shows  for  1910,  by  5-year  age  periods,  the 
population  of  the  United  States  as  a  whole  and  of  each 
of  the  principal  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes, 
with  a  further  distinction  according  to  sex.  Table  2 
shows  the  relative  importance  of  the  different  age 
groups  by  means  of  percentages. 

The  facts  brought  out  by  the  tables  can  be  much 
more  clearly  seen  by  means  of  diagrams.  The  diagram 
on  this  page  presents  the  age  distribution  of  the  total 
population  according  to  sex.  The  percentages  which 
are  shown  in  connection  with  the  diagram  differ  from 
those  in  Table  2,  in  order  to  permit  a  comparison  of  the 
relative  number  of  males  and  females  in.  each  age 
group.  In  Table  2  the  percentage  distribution  by 
age  for  males  is  based  on  the  total  male  population 
and  for  females  on  the  total  female  population,  but 
in  the  diagram  the  percentages  for  each  sex  are  based 
upon  the  total  population.  For  example,  the  diagram 
shows  that  males  15  to  19  years  of  age  form  4.9  per 
cent  of  the  total  population  while,  as  shown  in  Table  2, 
they  form  9.6  per  cent  of  the  male  population. 

Where  a  population  is  maintained  entirely  by  nat- 
ural increase  the  number  at  any  given  year  of  age 
will,  of  course,  be  determined  by  the  births  in  a  corre- 
sponding earlier  year,  minus  the  deaths  which  have 
occurred   among  persons  born  in  that  year.     Since 


death  claims  its  victims  at  all  ages,  the  number  of 
survivors  will,  under  all  ordinary  conditions,  diminish 
with  advancing  age,  so  that  if  the  figures  for  the  two 
sexes  are  represented  on  opposite  sides  of  a  vertical 
axis  a  diagram  showing  age  distribution  takes  ap- 
proximately the  form  of  a  pyramid  or  triangle.  The 
death  rate,  however,  is  not  uniform  at  all  ages.  It  is 
very  high  during  the  first  year  after  birth,  decreases 
gradually  until  about  the  twelfth  year,  and  then 
increases  slowly  until  middle  life,  after  which  the  ac- 
celeration is  rapid.  As  the  result  of  these  variations, 
the  age  diagram  for  a  normal  population  is  not  a  per- 
fect pyramid,  but  is  slightly  bell-shaped.  There  is 
also  some  difference  between  the  two  sexes  in  a  normal 
population  with  respect  to  the  number  born  and  the 
death  rates  at  different  ages,  so  that  the  age  diagram 
would  not  be  altogether  symmetrical. 

DISTRIBUTION    BY   AGE  PERIODS   OF   TOTAL 
POPULATION:  1910. 


0.6  70+74  0.6 

1 


0.0 


1.3 


2.3 


3.0 


5.0 


66- -69 


60- -64 


66- -59 


50-  -64 


46-  -49 


40- -44 


6- -9 


UNDER      6 


36-  -39 


30-  -34 


26- -29 


20- -24 


6--I9 


I0--I4 


2.3 


2.7 


3.6 


4.3 


IV 


4.9 


5.7 


6  6         4  3         2  10  12 

PER  CENT 


3         4  5         6 


(121) 


122  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910. 


Table  1 

AGE  PERIOD. 


All  ages 

Under  5  years 

Under  1  year. 

5to9years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  39  years 

40  to  44  years 

45  to  49  years 

50  to  54  years 

55  to  59  years 

60  to  64  years 

65  to  69  years 

70  to  74  years 

75  to  79  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years 

100  years  and  over 
Age  unknown 


ALL  CLASSES. 


Both 
sexes. 


91,972,266 

10,631,364 
2,217,342 

9,760,632 
9, 107, 140 
9,063,603 
9,056,984 

8,180,003 
6,972,185 
6,396,100 
5,261,587 
4,469,197 
3,900,791 

2,786,951 
2,267,150 
1,679,503 
1,113,728 
667,302 
321,754 

122,818 

33,473 

7,391 

3,655 

169,055 


Male. 


47,332,277 

5,380,696 
1,123,409 

4,924,123 
4,601,763 
4,527,282 
4,580,290 

4,244,348 
3,666,768 
3,367,016 
2,786,350 
2,378,916 
2,110,013 

1,488,437 
1,185,966 
863,994 
561,644 
331,280 
163,745 

56,336 

14,553 

3,045 

1,380 

114,443 


Female. 


44,639,989 

5,260,768 
1,093,933 

4,836,609 
4,505,387 
4,636,321 
4,476,694 

3,935,655 
3,315,417 
3,029,084 
2,476,237 
2,090,281 
1,790,778 

1,298,514 
1,081,184 
816,509 
552,084 
336,022 
168,009 

66,483 
18,920 
4,346 
2,175 
54,612 


Both 
sexes. 


81,731,957 

9,322,914 
1,956,605 

8,475,173 
7,918,408 
7,968,391 
7,986,411 

7,267,136 
6,267,276 
6,731,845 
4,780,272 
4,061,062 
3,555,313 

2,564,206 
2,069,323 
1,549,954 
1,030,884 
620,992 
294,555 

110,936 

27, 161 

4,757 

764 

134,224 


Male. 


42,178,245 

4,728,660 
993,242 

4,285,366 
4,006,104 
3,999,143 
4,070,955 

3,792,224 
3,297,169 
3,024,002 
2,537,219 
2,101,848 
1,915,860 

1,363,821 
1,076,753 
792,310 
618,888 
307,446 
141,301 

50,843 

11,970 

1,936 

326 

94, 112 


Female. 


39,553,712 

4,594,264 
962,363 

4,189,807 
3,912,304 
3,969,248 
3,915,456 

3,464,912 
2,970,107 
2,707,843 
2,243,053 
1,899,214 
1,639,453 

1,200,385 
992,570 
757,644 
511,996 
313,546 
153,254 

60,093 
15, 191 
2,822 
438 
40,112 


Both 
sexes. 


9,827,763 

1,263,288 
252,386 

1,246,553 
1,155,266 
1,060,416 
1,030,795 

881,227 
668,089 
633,449 
455,413 
385,909 
326,070 

209,622 
186,502 
123,550 
78,839 
44,018 
25,579 

11, 166 
6,850 
2,447 
2,675 

31,040 


Male. 


4,885,881 

629,320 
125,459 

619, 175 
678,074 
507,945 
482, 157 

421,805 
332, 163 
320,450 
229,680 
199,928 
179,387 

115,090 
101, 149 
67,956 
40,584 
22,667 
11,696 

5,164 
2,394 
1,017 
1,004 
17,076 


Female. 


4,941,882 

633,968 
126,927 

627,378 
577, 192 
552,471 
548,638 

459,422 
335,926 
312,999 
225,733 
185,981 
146,683 

94,532 
85,353 
55,594 
38,255 
21,351 
13,883 

6,002 
3,456 
1,430 
1,671 
13,964 


Both 
sexes. 


265,683 

40,384 
8,216 

36,541 
31,393 
28,486 
21,844 

18,137 
15,243 
14,834 
11,961 
9,887 
9,343 

7,171 
6,524 
4,482 
3,382 
2,105 
1,565 


458 
187 
116 
949 


Male. 


Female. 


135,133 

20,202 
4,127 

18,349 
16, 199 
14,612 
11,265 

9,237 
7,756 
7,721 
6,126 
5,103 
4,914 

3,706 
3,332 
2,259 
1,561 
983 
695 

304 
185 
93 
50 
481 


130,550 

20,182 
4,089 

18, 192 
16, 194 
13,874 
10,579 

8,900 
7,487 
7,113 
5,835 
4,784 
4,429 

3,465 
3,192 
2,223 
1,821 
1,122 
870 

387 
273 
94 
66 
468 


Table  1— Continued. 


AGE  PEEIOD. 


All  ases. 


Under  5  years 

Under  1  year. 


6  to  9  years... 
10  to  14  year*, 
lo  to  19  years. 
20  to  24  years. 


25  to  29  years. 
30  to  34  years. 
35  to  39  years. 
40  to  44  years. 
46  to  49  years. 
60  to  54  years. 

66  to  59  years. 
60  to  64  years. 
65  to  69  years. 
70  to  74  years. 
76  to  79  years. 
80  to  84  years. 


85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years 

100  years  and  over. 
Age  unknown 


CHINESE,  JAPANESE,  AND 
ALL  OTHER. 


Both 
sexes. 


146,863 

4,778 
1,135 

2,365 
2,073 
6,310 
17,934 

23,503 
21,677 
15,972 
13,941 
12,339 
10,065 

5,952 

4,801 

1,517 

623 

187 

56 

25 
4 


2,842 


Male. 


133,018 

2,424 
681 

1,233 

1,376 

5,582 

15,913 

21,082 
19,680 
14,843 
13,325 
12,037 
9,852 

5,820 

4,732 

1,469 

611 

184 

S3 

24 
4 


Fe- 
male. 


13,845 

2,354 
654 

1,132 
697 
728 

2,021 

2,421 

1,897 

1,129 

616 

302 

213 

132 


2,774 


NATIVE  'WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


Both 
sexes. 


49,488,575 

6,546,282 
1,369,140 

6,861,015 
5,324,283 
5,089,055 
4,682,922 

4,049,074 
3,401,601 
3,045,381 
2,450,386 
2,071,976 
1,960,127 

1,490,463 
1,227,434 
931,607 
623,594 
378,823 
179,251 

67,966 
16,632 
2,756 
439 
97,509 


Male. 


25,229,218 

3,326,237 
696,200 

2,969,230 
2,700,656 
2,552,t)28 
2,332,914 

2,046,697 
1,741,569 
1,580,139 
1,273,905 
1,081,912 
1,040,746 

789,243 
635,425 
470,750 
310,780 
185,109 
84,278 

30,166 

7,041 

1,045 

180 

68,769 


Female. 


24,259,357 

3,220,046 
672,940 

2,891,785 
2,623,627 
2,636,527 
2,350,008 

2,002,477 
1,660,032 
1,465,242 
1,176,480 
990,064 
909,382 

701,220 
592,009 
460,857 
312,814 
193,714 
94,973 

37,800 

9,591 

1,711 

259 

28,740 


Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 


Both 
sexes. 


18,897,837 

2,674,125 
579,730 

2,315,649 
2,235,795 
2,205,575 
1,873,108 

1,545,366 
1,359,960 
1,278,371 
1,026,412 
842,726 
680,131 

380,223 
214,306 
129,950 
70,323 
33,957 
14,014 

6,537 

1,495 

278 

32 

10,504 


Male. 


9,425,239 

1,350,473 
293,515 

1,165,484 

1, 124, 145 

1,094,861 

914, 121 

755,051 
666,932 
631,856 
511,795 
423,481 
348,859 

194,468 
109,414 
66,144 
35,357 
16,925 
6,761 

2,596 
736 
123 
20 

6,637 


Female. 


9,472,598 

1,323,652 
286,215 

1,150,165 

1,111,650 

1,110,714 

958,987 

790,315 
693,028 
646,515 
514,617 
419,245 
331,272 

185,766 
104,892 
63,806 
34,966 
17,032 
7,253 

2,941 

759 

155 

12 

4,867 


FOREIGN-BOKN  WHITE. 


Both 
sexes. 


13,345,545 

102,507 
6,735 

298,509 

358,330 

673,761 

1,430,381 

1,662,696 
1,505,715 
1,408,093 
1,303,475 
1,146,360 
925,056 

693,520 

627,583 
488,397 
336,967 
208,212 
101,290 

37,433 

9,034 

1,723 

293 

26,211 


Male. 


7,523,788 

51,940 
3,527 

150,662 
181,303 
361,764 
823,920 

990,576 
888,668 
812,007 
751,519 
656,455 
526,256 

380,110 
331,914 
255,416 
172,751 
105,412 
50,262 

18,081 

4,193 

767 

126 

19,706 


Female. 


6,821,757 

50,567 
3,208 

147,867 
177,027 
322,007 
606,461 

672,120 
617,047 
696,086 
551,956 
489,905 
398,799 

313,410 
295,669 
232,981 
164,216 
102,800 
51,028 

19,352 

4,841 

956 

167 

6,505 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 

PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910. 


123 


Table  2 


AGE  PERIOD. 


Aliases 

Under  6  years . . . . 
Under  1  year. 

8  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  39  years 

40  to  44  years 

46  to  49  years 

60  to  54  years 

55  to  59  years 

60  to  64  years 

65  to  09  years 

70  to  74  years 

76  to  79  years 

80  to  84  years 

85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years 

100  years  and  over 
Age  unknown 


ALL  CLASBSS. 


Both 
sezM. 


100.0 

11.6 
2.4 

10.6 
9.9 
9.9 


8.9 
7.6 
7.0 
5.7 
4.9 
4.2 

3.0 
2.5 
1.8 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 

0.1 


0.2 


Male. 


100.0 

11.4 
2.4 

10.4 
9.7 
9.6 
9.7 

9.0 
7.7 
7.1 
6.9 
6.0 
4.5 

3.1 
2.6 
1.8 
L2 

a7 

0.3 
0.1 


a2 


Female. 


100.0 

11.8 
2.5 

10.8 
10.1 
10.2 
10.0 

8.8 
7.4 
6.8 
6.6 
4.7 
4.0 

2.9 
2.4 
1.8 
1.2 
0.8 
0.4 

ai 


ai 


Both 
sexes. 


100.0 

1L4 
2.4 

10.4 
9.7 
9.7 
9.8 

&9 
7.7 
7.0 
5.8 
5.0 
4.8 

3.1 
2.5 
1.9 
1.3 
0.8 
0.4 

ai 


a2 


Male.     Female. 


100.0 

11.2 
2.4 

10.2 
9.5 
9.6 
9.7 

9.0 
7.8 
7.2 
6.0 
5.1 
4.6 

3.2 
2.6 
1.9 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 

0.1 


0.2 


100.0 

11.6 
2.4 

10.6 
9.9 

10.0 
9.9 

&8 
7.5 
6.8 
6.7 
4.8 
4.1 

3.0 
2.5 
1.9 
1.3 
0.8 
0.4 

0.2 


0.1 


Both 
sexes. 


100.0 

12.9 
2.6 

12.7 
11.8 
10.8 
10.5 

9.0 
6.8 
6.4 
4.6 
3.9 
3.3 

2.1 
1.9 
1.3 
0.8 
0.4 
0.3 

0.1 
0.1 

8 

0.3 


Male. 


12.9 
2.6 

12.7 
11.8 
10.4 


&6 
6.8 
6.6 
4.7 
4.1 
3.7 

2.4 
2.1 
1.4 
0.8 

as 

0.2 
0.1 


0.3 


Female, 


100.0 

12.8 
2.6 

12.7 
11.7 
11.2 
11.1 

9.3 
6.8 
6.3 
4.6 
3.8 
3.0 

1.9 

1.7 
1.1 
0.8 

a4 

0.3 

0.1 
0.1 


Both 
sexes. 


100.0 

16.2 
3.1 

13.8 
11.8 
10.7 

a2 


5.7 
5.6 
4.5 
3.7 
3.5 

2.7 
2.5 
1.7 
1.3 
0.8 
0.6 

0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
(I) 
0.4 


Male. 


100.0 

14.9 
3.1 

13.6 
12.0 
10.8 
&3 

6.8 
5.7 
5.7 
4.5 
3.8 
3.6 

2.7 
2.5 
1.7 
1.2 
0.7 
0.5 

0.2 
0.1 
0.1 

0.4 


Female. 


100.0 

15.5 
3.1 

13.9 
11.6 
10.6 
8.1 

6.8 
6.7 
5.4 
4.5 
3.7 
3.4 

2.7 
2.4 
1.7 
1.4 

0.9 
0.7 

0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 


Table  2— Continued. 


AGE  PERIOD. 


All  ages. 


Under  5  years 

Under  1  year. 


5  to  9  years . . . 
10  to  14  years. 
15  to  19  years. 
20  to  24  years. 


25  to  29  years. 
30  to  34  years. 
35  to  39  years. 
40  to  44  years. 
45  to  49  yaers. 
50  to  64  years. 

55  to  59  years . 
60  to  64  years . 
65  to  69  years. 
70  to  74  years. 
75  to  79  years. 
80  to  84  years. 


85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years 

100  years  and  over. 
Age  unknown 


CHnrSSE,  MPAKE8E,  AITD 
ALL  OTHBK. 


Both 
sezei. 


100.0 

3.3 
as 

1.6 
1.4 
4.3 
12.2 

16.0 
14.7 

lao 

9.6 
&4 
6.9 

4.1 
3.3 
1.0 
a  4 
ai 
0) 

8 


Male. 


KATIYI  WHITE. 


FOBEIGN-BOSN  WHITE. 


Female. 


1.0 


100. 0 

1.8 

a4 
ao 

1.0 
4.2 
12.0 

15.8 
14.8 
11.2 

lao 

9.0 
7.4 

4.4 
3.6 
LI 
a  6 
ai 

(•) 

8 


2.1 


100.0 

17.0 
4.0 

&2 
5.0 
6.3 
14.6 

17.6 
13.7 
&2 
4.4 
2.2 
L5 

1.0 

as 
as 
ai 

8 

0) 


Native  parentage. 


Both 
sexes. 


100.0 

13.2 
2.8 

11.8 

las 
las 

9.6 

8.2 
6.9 
6.2 
5.0 
4.2 
3.9 

3.0 
2.5 
1.0 
l.S 

as 
a  4 


ai 
a  2 


Male. 


100.0 

13.2 
2.8 

11.8 

ia7 
lai 

9.2 

8.1 
6.9 
6.3 
6.0 
4.3 
4.1 

3.1 
2.5 
1.9 
1.2 
a  7 
as 


ai 

i 

a  3 


Female. 


100.0 

13.3 
2.8 

11.9 

las 
ia5 

9.7 

8.3 
6.8 
6.0 
4.8 
4.1 
3.7 

2.9 
2.4 
1.9 
1.3 

as 
a  4 

a2 


ai 


Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 


Both 
sexes. 


100.0 

14.2 
3.1 

12.3 
11.8 
11.7 
9.9 

8.2 
7.2 
6.8 
5.4 
4.5 
3.6 

2.0 
1.1 
a  7 
a  4 
a  2 
ai 


ai 


Male. 


100.0 


Female, 


100.0 


Both 
sexes. 


as 
ai 

2.2 
2.7 
6.0 
la  7 

12.6 
11.3 

lae 

9.8 
8.6 
6.9 

5.2 
4.7 
3.7 
2.5 
1.6 

as 

as 
ai 


8 


a  2 


Male. 


100.0 

a  7 

0) 

2.0 
2.4 
4.7 
11.0 

13.2 
11.8 

las 
lao 

8.7 
7.0 

5.1 
4.4 
3.4 
2.3 
1.4 

a  7 

a  2 
ai 

^'> 
(') 
as 


Female. 


100.0 

a  9 
ai 

2.6 
3.0 
5.5 

ia4 

11.5 

lao 
ia2 
a  6 

8.4 
6.9 

5.4 
6.1 
4.0 
2.8 
1.8 
a  9 


8 


as 
ai 


ai 


Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


124 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CLASSES  OF  THE  POPULATION:  1910. 


NATIVE  WHITE  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE. 


3.2 

3.6 


^- 


7017410.6 


66  -ea 


ea-  ^64 


55 --59 


60  •  -64 


46  ■  -49 


10 


40-44 


36  •  sg 


80-34 


25-29 


20  •  -24 


I5--I9 


2 
1.8 


-14 


5-9 


UNDER        5 


-<</ 


6          6         4 


I         2         3         4         6         6 


NATIVE  WHITE  OF  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE. 


5. 
6.2 

4. 

4.0 

2. 

I.I 

1 

0,: 

0,4 

o.e 
t.o 

m   1 

70   74  c 

65- -69  < 

eo   04. 

1 

.2 

.3 

).6 

* 

1.0 

.8 

3.4 

5.9 
6.9 

55- 

-59 

50 

54 

2.2 

46 

49 

2.2 

r 

40- 

44 

2.7 

3.3. 

35 

-39 

.5 

30 

34 

3.7 

25- 

•29 

4.2 

A. 

20- 

-24 

<>> 

|.., 

1 

<(^ 

15 

•19 

i 

1^ 

10 

-14 

*l 

«c  — 

5 

-  9 

6.1 

1 
UNDER 

1 

5 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

1 

2          3 

4 

5 

6         7 

FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE 
.3 


i.g 


■CO' 


^ 


70-74 


65-69 


60   -64 


56-59 


50-54 


46- -49 


40- -44 


35--39 


30 •-84 


26- -29 


20 • -24 


I5--I9 


I0--14 


00 


^ 


6  +  9 

1 


7         C         5        4 


I         3         3        4         6         6 


6.9 
6.3 


6.4 


NEGRO. 


0.4  70-74  .0.4 


4.9 
6.2 


-*- 


r^-^ 


65 -eg  0.6 


60  -64 


56- -69  1 1.0 


60-  54 


45   ■49 


40' -44 


36-89 


30-34 


26' -20 


20     24 


l6-^t8 


5  ■■  9 


7         6         6        4 


2I0I2S4667 
i>ER  CENT 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


125 


In  the  case  of  the  United  States  the  distribution  by 
age,  and  more  especially  by  sex  at  different  ages,  is 
materially  affected  by  the  presence  of  the  foreign  bom. 
The  immigrants  are  mostly  of  adult  age  when  they 
arrive  in  this  country  and  comprise  more  males  than 
females.  Consequently  the  bars  in  the  diagram  on 
page  124  representing  the  age  periods  of  adult  hfe  are 
somewhat  longer  than  they  would  be  for  a  population 
recruited  solely  by  natural  increase,  and  the  side  of 
the  diagram  representing  the  males  is  extended  dis- 
proportionately. 

The  wide  differences  in  the  age  distribution  of  the 
principal  classes  of  the  population  are  best  shown  by 
the  four  accompanying  diagrams,  which  relate  to  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage,  the  native  whites 
of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  the  foreign-born 
whites,  and  the  negroes,  respectively. 

No  two  of  these  diagrams  are  identical  in  form,  and 
the  only  one  whose  shape  has  not  been  influenced 
more  or  less  by  immigration  is  that  representing  the 
negro  population.  The  extraordinary  character  of 
the  age  distribution  of  the  foreign-born  whites  is  ob- 
vious at  a  glance.  The  number  in  the  older  age  groups 
actually  exceeds  materially  the  number  in  the  yoimger 
age  groups,  which  is  not  true  of  any  of  the  native 
classes.  The  great  excess  of  males  over  females  in 
this  class  is  also  conspicuously  shown.  The  sex  and 
age  distribution  of  the  Chinese  and  Japanese,  who  are 
largely  foreign  bom,  is  also  highly  abnormal,  as  shown 
by  Table  2. 

The  influence  of  the  foreign  bom  upon  the  age  dis- 
tribution of  our  population  does  not  cease  upon  their 
arrival  in  this  country.  The  children  bom  to  them 
after  their  arrival  are,  of  course,  included  with  the 
native  population,  and  if  the  total  native  population 
were  shown  by  ages  it  would  be  found  that  the  num- 
ber of  children  was  relatively  somewhat  greater  than . 
would  be  the  case  if  the  population  were  recruited  solely 
by  natural  increase.  This  condition  is  brought  out 
especiaUy  by  the  diagram  showing  the  native  white 
population  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  In  this 
group  the  proportion  of  children  is  somewhat  larger, 
and  the  proportion  of  persons  in  the  most  advanced 
age  groups  much  smaller,  than  in  the  case  of  the  native 
white  population  of  native  parentage  or  the  negro 
population.  This  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  immi- 
gration to  this  country  has  greatly  increased  in  vol- 
ume in  recent  years.  If  immigration  should  fall  off 
or  cease  altogether,  it  is  obvious  that  after  a  time  the 
age  composition  of  the  second  generation,  consisting 
of  the  children  born  of  immigrants,  would  become 
abnormal  in  having  an  unduly  small — instead  of  an 
unduly  large — proportion  of  persons  in  the  younger 
age  periods. 

Even  the  native  white  population  of  native  parent- 
age is  indirectly  affected  in  its  age  distribution  by 
immigration,  since  the  children  of  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage  are  included  in  the  class  of 
natives  of  native  parentage.     Nevertheless,  the  age 


distribution  of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  corresponds  very  closely 
to  that  of  a  normal  population  unaffected  by  migra- 
tion. A  comparison  of  the  diagram  for  this  class  with 
that  for  the  negroes,  therefore,  indicates  approximately 
the  relative  tendencies  of  the  two  races  with  respect 
to  birth  and  mortality  rates.  Among  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  the  percentage  of  persons 
in  the  older  age  groups  is  higher  than  among  the 
negroes.  Doubtless  this  difference  is  partly  due  to  a 
lower  death  rate  among  the  native  whites  than  among 
the  negroes,  but  it  may  also  be  affected  by  the  relative 
birth  rate  of  the  two  classes  or  by  changes  in  the  birth 
rate  within  the  same  class.  A  decline  in  the  birth  rate 
is  a  factor  which  tends  to  reduce  the  relative  impor- 
tance of  the  younger  age  groups  and  increase  that  of  the 
older.  It  is  practically  certain  that  the  birth  rate  in 
the  case  of  the  white  population  of  native  stock  has 
been  steadily  declining  for  many  years.  If  there  is  a 
similar  tendency  among  the  negroes  it  is  probably  of 
more  recent  origin  than  in  the  case  of  the  whites. 
The  proportion  of  persons  under  5  years  of  age  is, 
however,  also  higher  for  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage  than  for  the  negroes,  doubtless  partly  be- 
cause of  the  high  infant  mortality  among  negroes. 

The  diagram  below,  based  on  absolute  numbers,  is 
designed  to  show  primarily  the  contrast  in  age  distribu- 
tion between  the  native  white  and  native  negro  popu- 
lation and  the  foreign-born  white  population. 

DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  NATIVE  WHITE 
AND  NEGRO  AND  OF  FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE  POPU- 
LATION: 1910. 


NATIVE   WHITE   AND   NEGRO 
MIU.IONa 


7'0REIQN-90RN 
WHITE 
MrLUIONS 


wmmmmfff 


y/mi^.wm^^///y:>yyy/.  ■■ 


NATIVE    NEORO 


NATIVE     WHITE  •  FOREiGN     OR      MIXED 
^^^^        PARENTAGE 
NATIVE   WHITE  -  NATIVE   PARENTAGE      pl^l^Q   FOREIGN-BORN    WHITE 


Classification  by  broader  age  periods :  1910. — For  many 
purposes  it  is  desirable  to  adopt  an  age  classification 
which  is  less  detailed  than  the  one  used  in  the  pre- 
ceding tables  and  diagrams  and  at  the  same  time 
corresponds  approximately  to  certain  well-recognized 
periods  of  life.  Thus,  the  years  under  5  may  be 
roughly  designated  as  early  childhood;  those  from  5 
to  14  as  the  school  period;  those  from  15  to  24  as  the 
period  of  youth;  those  from  25  to  44  as  the  prime  of 
life;  those  from  45  to  64  as  middle  or  late  middle  life; 
and  those  65  and  over  as  old  age. 


126 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Table  3  shows,  for  1910,  the  distribution  of  the  total 
population  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  principal 
race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes  by  sex  accord- 
ing to  these  six  age  periods.  In  this,  as  in  most  of  the 
following  tables,  the  insignificant  number  of  unknown 
age  is  not  shown  separately,  but  is  included  in  the 
totals  upon  which  the  percentages  for  the  several  age 
periods  are  based.  The  percentages  would  scarcely 
differ  at  all  if  they  were  based  on  the  population  of 
known  age  instead  of  the  total  population. 


Table  3 


CLASS    OF    POPUXATION 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Total  population 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Xfative    white— Native 

parentage 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Kative  white— Foreign 
or  mixed  parentage . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Kegro 

Under  6  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Indian 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Chinese,  Japanese,  and 

all  other 

Under  6  years 

5  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


population:  1910 


Total. 


49,488,575 
6,546,282 

11,185,298 
9,771,977 

12,946,441 
6,740,000 
2,2)1,068 

18,897,837 
2,674,126 
4,651,444 
4,078,683 
5,210,109 
2,117, 
255,586 

13,346,545 
102,607 
656,839 
2,104,142 
6,879,979 
3,392,518 
1,183,349 

9,827,763 
1,263,288 
2,401,819 
2,091,211 
2,638,178 
1,108,103 
294,124 

265,683 

40,384 
67,934 
50,330 
60,175 
32,925 
12,986 


146,863 

4,778 
4,438 
24,244 
74,993 
33,157 
2,411 


Male.       Female. 


47,332,277 
5,380,696 
9,525,876 
9,107,572 

14,054,482 
7,163,332 
1,985,976 


26,229,218 
3,326,237 
5,669,886 
4,886,442 
6,642,210 
3,647,325 
1,089,349 


9,425,239 

1,350,473 
2,289,629 
2,008,982 
2,565,634 
1,076,222 
138,662 

7,523,788 
51,940 

331,955 
1,175,674 
3,442,770 
1,894,735 

607,008 

4,885,881 
629,320 

1,197,249 
990, 102 

1,304,098 
595,554 
152,482 

135,133 

20,202 
34,548 
25,877 
30,840 
17,055 
6,130 


133,018 

2,424 
2,609 
21,495 
68,930 
32,441 
2,345 


24,259,357 
3,220,045 
6,515,412 
4,886,635 
6,304,231 
3,192,676 
1,111,719 


9,472,598 
1,323,662 
2,261,815 
2,069,701 
2,644,476 
1,041,164 
126,924 

5,821,757 

50,567 

324,884 

928,468 

2,437,209 

1,497,783 

576,341 

4,941,882 

633,968 

1,204,670 

1,101,109 

1,334,080 

512,549 

141,642 

130,550 

20,182 
33,386 
24,453 
29,335 
15,870 
6,856 


13,845 
2,354 
1,829 
2,749 
6,063 
716 
66 


Male, 


100.0 
11.6 
20.5 
19.7 
29.1 
14.6 
4.3 


100.0 
13.2 
22.6 
19.7 
26.2 
13.6 
4.4 


100.0 
14.2 
24.1 
21.6 
27.6 
11.2 
1.4 

100.0 

0.8 
4.9 
15.8 
44.1 
25.4 
8.9 

100.0 

12.9 
24.4 
21.3 
26.8 
11.3 
3.0 

100.0 
15.2 
25.6 
18.9 
22.6 
12.4 
4.9 


100.0 
3.3 

3.0 
16.5 
51.1 
22.6 

1 


Fe- 
male, 


100.  S 
11.4 

.20.1 
19.2 
29.7 
15.1 
4.2 

100.0 
13.2 
22.5 
19.4 
26.3 
14.1 
4.3 


100.0 

14.3 
24.3 
21.3 
27.2 
11.4 
1.4 

100.0 
0.7 
4.4 
15.6 
46.8 
25.2 
8.1 

100.0 

12.9 
24.6 
20.3 
26.7 
12.2 
3.1 

100.0 
14.9 
25.6 
19.1 
22.8 
12.6 
4.5 


100.0 

1 

2.0 
16.2 
51.8 
24.4 

1.8 


100.0 
11.8 
20.9 
20.2 
28.6 
14.0 
4.4 

100.0 
13.3 
22.7 
20.1 
26.1 
13.2 
4.6 


100.0 
14.0 
23.9 
21.8 
27.9 
11.0 
1.3 

106. 0 
0.9 
5.6 
16.9 
41.9 
26.7 
9.9 

100.0 

12.8 
24.4 
22.3 
27.0 
10.4 
2.9 

100.0 
15.6 
25.6 
18.7 
22.5 
12.2 
5.3 


100.0 
17.0 
13.2 
19.9 
43.8 
5.2 
0.5 


Males 
to  100 
fe- 
males. 


104.0 

103.3 
102.8 
100.0 
105.4 
111.1 
98.0 


99.5 
102.0 
101.2 
97.1 
97.0 
103.4 
101.4 

129  2 

102.7 
102.2 
126.6 
141.3 
126.5 
106.3 

98.9 
99.3 
99.4 
89.9 
97.8 
116.2 
107.7 

103.5 
100.1 
103.5 
105.8 
105.1 
107.5 
89.4 


960.8 
103.0 
142.6 
781.9 
1,136.9 
4,530.9 


1  Eatio  not  shown,  the  number  of  females  being  less  than  100. 

For  convenience  of  comparison,  the  per  cent  distri- 
bution of  the  totals  for  the  several  classes  shown  in 
Table  3  is  reproduced  in  Table  4. 


Table  4 

Total. 

NATIVE  WHITE . 

For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 

Negro. 

Indian. 

Chi- 

AOK FBBIOD. 

Native 
parent- 
age. 

Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 

nese, 
Japa- 
nese, 
and  all 
other. 

All  ages 

100.0 
11.6 
20.5 
19.7 
29.1 
14.6 
4.3 

100.0 
13.2 
22.6 
19.7 
26.2 
13.6 
4.4 

100.0 
14.2 
24.1 
21.6 
27.6 
11.2 
1.4 

100.0 

0.8 
4.9 
16.8 
44.1 
25.4 
8.9 

100.0 
12.9 
24.4 
21.3 
26.8 
11.3 
3.0 

100.0 
15.2 
25.6 
18.9 
22.6 
12.4 
4.9 

100.0 

3.3 

3.0 

16.6 

51.1 

45  to  64  years 

22.6 

65  years  and  over 

1.6 

Of  the  population  of  the  country  as  a  whole  in  1910, 
children  under  5  years  of  age  formed  11.6  per  cent; 
children  from  5  to  14,  20.5  per  cent;  young  persons 
from  15  to  24,  19.7  per  cent;  men  and  women  from  25 
to  44,  29.1  per  cent;  those  from  45  to  64,  14.6  per  cent; 
and  those  of  65  and  over,  4.3  per  cent.  Table  4  shows 
clearly  the  differences  already  noted  among  the  sev- 
eral classes  of  the  population.  Thus  among  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  children  under  5 
in  1910  formed  14.2  per  cent  of  the  total,  the  corre- 
sponding percentage  for  native  whites  of  native  parent- 
age being  13.2;  on  the  other  hand,  only  12.6  per  cent  of 
the  former  were  45  years  of  age  and  over,  as  compared 
with  18.1  per  cent  of  the  latter.  Conspicuously  large  is 
the  proportion  of  the  foreign-bom  whites  who  are  in 
the  prime  of  life,  the  percentage  of  this  class  in  the  age 
period  25  to  44  being  44.1,  as  compared  with  26.2  per 
cent  for  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  27.6  for 
the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  and 
26.8  for  the  negroes. 

Table  3  facilitates  comparisons  of  the  relative  num- 
bers of  the  two  sexes  in  different  age  periods.  In  the 
total  population  of  the  country  males  outnumber 
females  ui  each  of  the  six  age  periods  designated,  the 
excess  being  particularly  great  in  the  age  periods  25  to 
44  and  45  to  64,  where  the  disparity  of  the  sexes  among 
immigrants  has  its  greatest  effect.  While,  as  already 
stated,  the  general  age  distribution  of  the  native  whites 
of  native  parentage,  and  still  more,  that  of  the  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  is  indirectly 
affected  by  immigration,  the  relative  numbers  of  the 
two  sexes  in  those  classes  are,  of  course,  independent 
of  immigration  and  depend  solely  upon  differences  in 
the  numbers  of  males  and  females  bom  and  the  num- 
bers dying  at  different  ages.  Among  the  native  whites 
of  native  parentage  the  males,  according  to  the 
returns,  somewhat  exceed  the  females  in  the  two 
youngest  age  periods  shown  in  the  table  and  are  again 
in  excess  in  the  age  period  25  to  44,  and  conspicuously 
so  in  the  period  45  to  64,  but  in  the  period  15  to  24 
years  the  females  shghtly  outnumbered  the  males. 

It  is  not  easy  to  explain  why  the  figures  show  such 
a  marked  excess  of  males  over  females  in  the  native 
white  population  of  native  parentage,  and  more  par- 
ticularly why  this  excess  should  be  largely  concen- 
trated in  the  age  groups  from  25  to  64  years  of  age. 
If  these  conditions  actually  exist,  they  would  seem  to 
indicate  a  much  higher  death  rate  among  females 
than  among  males  in  the  most  active  period  of  life, 
followed  by  a  higher  death  rate  among  males  in 
the  later  years.  It  is  improbable,  however,  that  any 
differences  in  the  death  rates  of  the  two  sexes  wholly 
explain  these  conditions.  The  reported  age  distribu- 
tion of  the  two  sexes  and  therefore  the  sex  ratio  by 
age  groups  may  be  affected  by  a  greater  tendency  on 
the  part  of  females  to  understate  their  age.  It  is  not 
improbable,  furthermore,  that  some  persons  of  foreign 
birth  or  of  native  birth  and  foreign  parentage  are  re- 
turned at  the  census  as  natives  of  native  parentage. 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


127 


This  error  would  be  more  likely  to  occur  in  the  case  of 
males  than  of  females,  for  the  reason  that  the  former 
predominate  among  the  foreign  bom  and  for  the 
further  reason  that  the  floating  population,  for  which 
accurate  information  is  difi&cult  to  obtain,  consists 
mostly  of  males.  It  is  possible  also  that  the  returns  are 
affected  in  some  sHght  degree  by  duplications,  and  this 
source  of  error  would  also  be  more  apt  to  exaggerate 
the  number  of  men  than  of  women,  for  the  reason  that 
men  are  more  likely  to  be  away  from  home  and  there- 
fore are  more  liable  to  be  counted  twice,  once  where 
they  are  and  again  where  they  reside  when  at  home. 

Among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parent- 
age the  females  are  in  excess  both  in  the  age  period  15 
to  24  and  in  that  from  25  to  44,  but  the  males  are  in 
excess  in  the  most  advanced  age  period  as  well  as  in  the 
younger  ages.  Among  negroes  also  the  conditions  are 
quite  different  from  those  among  native  whites  of  na- 
tive parentage.  Females  outnumber  males  in  all  of 
the  age  periods  specified  up  to  44  years,  but  males  are 
considerably  in  excess  in  the  periods  45  to  64  and  65 
years  and  over. 

Comparing  the  percentages  in  the  several  age  groups 
for  the  two  sexes,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  greatest 
disparity  in  the  case  of  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage  is  in  the  age  period  45  to  64  years,  which  in 
1910  comprised  14.1  per  cent  of  the  males  but  only  13.2 
per  cent  of  the  females.  On  the  other  hand,  only  4.3 
per  cent  of  the  males  in  this  class  were  65  years  of  age 
and  over,  as  compared  with  4.6  per  cent  of  the  females. 
For  the  negroes  the  most  conspicuous  differences  be- 
tween males  and  females  were  in  the  age  period  15  to 
24  years,  which  comprised  a  decidedly  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  total  number  of  females  than  of  the  total 
number  of  males,  and  in  the  age  period  45  to  64  years, 
in  which  the  opposite  was  the  case. 

Comparison  with  previous  censuses. — Table  5  shows 
the  age  distribution  of  the  total  population  of  the 
United  States  in  1910  and  1900,  respectively,  by  five- 
year  periods.  The  differences  between  the  two  cen- 
suses, while  significant,  are  too  small  to  be  very  clearly 
shown  by  means  of  a  diagram. 

The  proportion  of  the  total  population  in  each  of 
the  age  periods  under  15  years  was  smaller  in  1910 
than  in  1900,  while  the  proportion  for  the  periods 
from  20  to  69  years,  inclusive,  was  greater  in  1910 
than  in  1900.  The  change  which  is  thus  shown  for  the 
past  decade  is  a  continuation  of  a  tendency  manifest 
for  some  time  past.  In  1880, 26.7  per  cent  of  the  popu- 
lation was  under  ten  years  of  age;  in  1890,  24.3  per 
cent;  in  1900, 23.7  per  cent;  and  in  1910,  22.2  per  cent. 
Such  a  change  might  be  due  to  any  one  or  more  of 
three  causes — a  declining  birth  rate,  a  change  in  mor- 


tality rates,  or  increased  immigration.  Doubtless  the 
first  and  third  causes  are  actually  operative.  Mor- 
tality statistics,  however,  indicate  that  there  has  been 
a  relatively  greater  reduction  in  death  rates  among 
children  than  among  adults;  consequently  unless  the 
birth  rate  had  fallen  off  considerably  one  would  have 
expected,  after  allowing  for  other  factors,  a  larger 
proportion  of  children  in  1910  than  in  1900. 


Table  6 


A€)K  PKBIOD. 


AH  ages. 


Under  5  yean.. 
Under  1  year. 


5  to 9  years... 
10  to  14  years. 
15  tolO  years  . 
20  to  24  years. 


25  to  29  years. 
30  to  34  years. 
35  to  39  years. 
40  to  44  years. 
48  to  49  years. 
60  to  64  years. 

66  to  69  years  . 
60  to  64  years  . 
65  to  69  years 
70  to  74  years  . 
76  to  79  years  . 
80  to  84  yean  , 


85  to  89  years 

90  to  94  years 

95  to  99  years 

100  years  and  over  , 
Age  unknown 


TOTAL   POPULATION. 


1910 


91.»78,Me 

10,631,364 
2,217,343 

9,760,632 
9,107.140 
9,063,603 
9,056,984 

8,180,003 
6,972,185 
6,396,100 
5,261,587 
4,469,197 
3,900,791 

2,786,961 
2,267,150 
1,679,503 
1,113,728 
667,302 
321,754 

122,818 

33,473 

7,391 

3,555 

169,065 


1900 


76,9M,576 

9,170,628 
1,916,892 

8,874,123 
8,080,234 
7,656,089 
7,336,016 

6,629,441 
6,556,039 
4,964,781 
4,247,106 
3,454,612 
2,942,829 

2,211,172 

1,791,363 

1,302,926 

883,841 

519,857 

251,512 

88,600 

23,992 

6,266 

3,504 

200,584 


PEB  CENT  OP 
TOTAL. 


1910         1900 


100.0 

11.6 
2.4 

10.6 
9.9 
9.9 
9.8 

8.9 
7.6 
7.0 
5.7 
4.9 
4.2 

3.0 
2.5 
1.8 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 


') 
0.2 


100.0 

12.1 
2.5 

11.7 
10.8 
9.9 
9.7 

8.6 
7.3 
6.5 
5.6 
4.6 
3.9 

2.9 
2.4 
1.7 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 

0.1 


as 


>  Lees  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

It  may  be  noted  that  the  proportion  of  centena- 
rians, according  to  the  census  returns,  was  less  in  1910 
than  in  1900.  In  fact,  the  proportion  has  steadily 
decreased  from  census  to  census  for  over  half  a  cen- 
tury. The  number  of  centenarians  reported  in  1910 
was  equal  to  4  for  each  100,000  of  the  total  popula- 
tion, while  the  corresponding  ratio  in  1850  was  11.  It 
is  improbable  that  any  such  decrease  in  longevity  has 
actually  occurred.  By  no  means  have  all  those  who 
report  themselves  as  100  years  old  or  more,  in  fact, 
reached  that  age,  and  the  apparent  reduction  in  the 
proportion  of  centenarians  is  probably  due  to  greater 
accuracy  in  the  returns. 

Table  6  compares  the  distribution  of  the  population 
at  the  last  two  censuses,  by  classes,  among  a  more 
limited  number  of  age  periods. 

The  most  significant  statistics  in  this  table  are  those 
for  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  and  the 
negroes,  since  the  age  distribution  of  these  two  classes 
is  the  least  distorted  by  the  influence  of  immigration. 
In  both  of  these  classes  the  proportion  in  the  younger 
age  periods  was  somewhat  smaller  in  1910  than  in 
1900,  and  the  proportion  in  the  older  age  periods 
somewhat  greater. 


128 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Table  6 


AQE  PEBIOD. 


All  ages,  number 
Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ag«s,  per  cent 
Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

IS  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


ALL  CLASSES. 


1910 


91,972,266 

10,631,364 
18,867,772 
18,120,587 
26,809,875 
13,424,089 
3,949,524 

100.0 

11.6 
20.5 
19.7 
29.1 
14.6 
4.3 


1900 


75,994,675 
9, 170, 628 
16,954,357 
14,891,105 
21,297,427 
10,399,976 
3,080,498 

100.0 

12.1 
22.3 
19.6 
28.0 
13.7 
4.1 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


49,488,575 

6,546,282 
11,185,298 

9,771,977 
12,946,441 

6,740,000 

2,201,068 

100.0 
13.2 
22.6 
19.7 
26.2 
13.6 
4.4 


1900 


40,949,362 

5,464,881 
9,834,610 
8,040,562 
10,272,124 
5,509,928 
1,715,226 

100.0 
13.3 
24.0 
19.6 
25.1 
13.5 
4.2 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


18,897,837 

2,674,125 
4,551,444 
4,078,683 
5,210,109 
2,117,386 
255,586 

100.0 
14.2 
24.1 
21.6 
27.6 
11.2 
1.4 


1900 


16,646,017 

2,402,702 
4,304,197 
3,356,443 
4,303,428 
1,039,960 
141, 146 

100.0 
15.4 
27.5 
21.5 
28.1 
6.6 
0.9 


rOBEIGN-BOKN  WHITE. 


1910 


13,345,545 

102,507 
656,839 
2,104,142 
5,879,979 
3,392,518 
1,183,349 

100.0 

0.8 
4.9 
15.8 
44.1 
25.4 
8.9 


1900 


10,213,817 

52,369 

458,757 

1,481,228 

4,414,590 

2,831,646 

950,347 

100.0 

0.5 
4.5 
14.5 
43.2 
27.7 
9.3 


1910 


9,827,783 

1,263,288 
2,401,819 
2,091,211 
2,638,178 
1,108,103 
294,124 

100.0 
12.9 
24.4 
21.3 
26.8 
11.3 
3.0 


1900 


8,833,994 

1,215,655 
2,294,748 
1,951,194 
2,103.989 
958,234 
261,363 

100.0 
13.8 
26.0 
22.1 
23.8 
10.8 
3.0 


1  Includes  a  small  number  of  persons  of  unknown  age. 


DIVISIONS  AND   STATES. 

Geographic  divisions. — That  very  considerable  dif- 
ferences exist  among  the  divisions  of  the  country  with 
respect  to  the  age  distribution  of  the  population  will 
be  seen  from  Table  7  and  the  accompanying  diagram, 
which  show,  by  percentages,  the  distribution  of  the 
total  population  of  each  of  the  nine  geographic  divi- 
sions in  1910  among  certain  broad  age  groups. 


Table  7 


AGE  PEEIOD. 


All  aires 

Under 6  years... 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION:  1910 


100.0 
9.8 
17.4 
18.3 
31.4 
17.1 
5.9 


100.0 

10.6 
18.4 
19.4 
31.7 
15.4 
4.4 


O 
^    . 


100.0 
10.5 
19.1 
19.3 
29.8 
16.1 
5.1 


100.0 

11.3 
20.6 
20.2 
28.4 
14.8 
4.6 


100.0 

13.6 
24.0 
20.4 
25.8 
12.6 
3.6 


100.0 

13.8 
24.3 
20.4 
25.4 
12.4 
3.5 


100.0 
14.1 

24.7 
20.6 
26.0 
11.6 
2.8 


100.0 
11.6 
19.5 
19.2 
32.4 
14.0 
3.0 


100.0 

8.6 
15.6 
18.7 
35.2 
16.9 

4.5 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE   PERIODS  OF  TOTAL  POPULA- 
TION BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


<  PER  CENT 

O  20  40  60  SO 


UNITED  STATES 
NEW  ENGLAND 
MID.  ATLANTIC 
E.  NO.  CENTRAL 
W.  NO.  CENTRAL 
SOUTH  ATLANTIC 
E.  Sa  CENTRAL 
W.  SO.  CENTRAL 
MOUNTAIN 
PACIFIC 


m8im^m^^^^<//y9»yi^ss:< 


ge^s^s^.'5^^^z^^^^^c 


mmm^^^m</^^/y^/>-ss>K 


SSHI 


miSM^^^^s^7yy>7yysss 


im^mmmzz^w^ 


mmm^^^^m/>z<^c<ssK 


g^i^^^^i<^>5^^\>K 


^!^^^^  z^^^l^l^^x 


m^m^^^y/>yy/yyys^^^ 


UNDER    5 
I     6  TO  14 


[^^$j^  I  5  TO  24 
i^^  26  TO  44 


BS8I  ^^  T°  ^* 

^^H  65    ANO  OVER 


The  factors  producing  these  differences  in  age  distri- 
bution are  complex.  The  racial  composition  of  the 
population,  the  extent  to  which  it  has  been  recruited 
by  immigration  from  abroad  and  the  periods  at  which 
such  immigration  has  chiefly  occurred,  the  relative 


proportions  of  urban  and  rural  population,  and  the 
degree  in  which  the  population  has  gained  or  lost 
through  interstate  migration  are  important  causes 
affecting  the  age  distribution  of  the  population  of  the 
several  divisions,  aside  from  the  birth  rates  and  death 
rates. 

In  each  of  the  four  northern  divisions,  persons  in 
the  younger  age  periods  form  a  smaller  proportion  of 
the  total  population,  and  those  in  the  more  advanced 
age  periods  a  larger  proportion,  than  in  any  of  the 
three  southern  divisions.  In  considering  these  differ- 
ences it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  northern 
divisions  contain  relatively  a  much  larger  urban 
population  than  the  southern,  and  that  they  have 
received  relatively  far  more  foreign  immigrants, 
while,  on  the  other  hand,  the  South  has  many  more 
negroes  than  the  North.  The  age  period  25  to  44 
years  comprises  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  popu- 
lation in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions  than  in 
any  other  division. 

Table  11,  pages  131  and  132,  shows,  by  divisions, 
the  age  distribution  of  the  total  population  and  of  the 
principal  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes  in  1910, 
with  comparative  figures  for  1900.  A  detailed  study  of 
the  absolute  numbers  and  percentages  for  the  several 
classes  will  help  to  explain  the  differences  among  the 
several  divisions  as  regards  the  age  distribution  of  the 
total  population.  It  is  of  particular  interest  to  compare 
the  statistics  with  reference  to  thenative  whites  of  native 
parentage — a  class  which  is  lai^ely  represented  in  every 
geographic  division,  and  whose  age  distribution  is  little 
affected  by  immigration  from  abroad,  although  much 
affected  by  migration  from  one  division  to  another. 
For  this  class,  considered  by  itself,  differences  in  age 
distribution  appear  between  the  North,  the  South,  and 
the  West  which  correspond  approximately  to  the 
differences  between  these  sections  with  respect  to  the 
age  distribution  of  the  total  population.  There  are 
relatively  fewer  children  and  relatively  more  persons 
in  the  prime  of  life  and  the  older  ages,  in  the  northern 
divisions  than  in  the  southern.  One  explanation  for 
this  fact  may  be  that  the  birth  rate  has  declined  in  the 
North  more  than  in  the  South.  In  fact,  the  North  has 
lost  more  people  in  the  prime  of  life  by  migration  to 
the  West  than  has  the  South,  and  had  there  been  no 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


129 


interstate  migration  a  still  greater  disparity  would 
probably  appear  between  the  North  and  the  South 
in  the  age  distribution  of  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage. 

The  most  conspicuous  contrast  is  that  between  the 
New  England  division  and  the  West  South  Central. 
In  the  former  in  1910  only  9.6  per  cent  of  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  were  children  under  5  years 
of  age,  while  29.2  per  cent  were  45  years  of  age  and 
over.  In  the  West  South  Central  division  15.2  per 
cent  of  the  persons  in  this  class  were  under  5  years  of 
age,  and  only  13.5  per  cent  were  45  years  of  age  and 
over. 

Although  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions  differ 
considerably  from  each  other  with  respect  to  the  age 
distribution  of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage, 
in  both,  as  in  the  case  of  the  total  population  of  all 
classes,  persons  from  25  to  44  years  of  age — the  most 
active  ages — constitute  a  larger  proportion  of  the 
population  of  this  class  than  in  any  of  the  other 
divisions.  This  is  undoubtedly  due  chiefly  to  migra- 
tion, especially  from  the  northern  divisions,  to  the 
West. 

States. — Table  12,  pages  133  to  135,  shows,  in  abso- 
lute numbers,  by  states,  the  age  distribution  of  the 
total  population  and  of  each  of  the  four  most 
important  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage 
classes.  Table  13,  page  136,  presents  percentages  by 
age  periods  for  the  total  population  of  each  state.  In 
interpreting  the  differences  among  the  states,  the 
causes  already  mentioned  as  affecting  the  conditions 
in  the  several  geographic  divisions  should  be  borne 
in  mind. 

TmBAN  AND  RTTBAL  COMMTJOTTIES. 

Urban  and  rural  communities  differ  greatly  with 
respect  to  the  age  distribution  of  the  population,  as 
appears  from  Table  8,  which  gives  statistics  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  in  1910,  and  from  the 
accompanying  diagram,  which  groups  the  ages  into 
three  main  periods.  Urban  communities,  as  defined 
by  the  Census  Bureau,  comprise  all  incorporated  places 
of  2,500  inhabitants  or  more,  including  New  England 
towns  of  that  size. 

The  absolute  numbers  presented  in  this  table  are 
quite  as  significant  as  the  percentages.  In  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  there  are  many  more  persons  in  each 
of  the  age  groups  comprising  persons  under  20  years 
of  age  in  the  rural  communities  than  in  the  urban 
communities,  but  in  each  of  the  age  groups  com- 
prising persons  from  20  to  54  years  of  age,  which 
embrace  the  most  active  period  of  life,  there  are  more 
persons  in  urban  than  in  rural  conununities.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  rural  communities  contained  more 
persons  in  advanced  middle  life  and  old  age.  The 
urban  communities  contained  in  1910  considerably  less 
than  half  (46.3  per  cent)  of  the  total  population  of  the 
country  of  all  ages,  but  they  contained  over  half  (51.8 
per  cent)  of  the  persons  between  20  and  54  years  of  age. 
There  were  22,925,133  persons  between  20  and  54 
72497°— 13 9   + 


in  urban  communities,  as  compared  with  21,311,714 
in  rural  conununities.  Such  persons  constituted  53.8 
per  cent  of  the  total  urban  population,  but  only  43.2 
per  cent  of  the  rural. 


Table  8 


AGE  PERIOD. 


All  ages  1 

Under  5  years 

5  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years..... 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


poptjlatiok:  1910 


Urban. 


48, 823,383 
4,200,291 
3,773,917 
3,627,408 
4,003,271 
4,570,558 
4,338,392 
3,697,202 
6,133.259 
4,185,722 
2,302,142 
1,693,010 

4,200,291 
7,401,325 
8,573,829 
14,168,853 
6,487,864 
1,093,010 


Rural. 


49,348,883 

6,431,073 
5,986,715 
5,479,732 
5,060,332 
4,486,426 
3,841,611 
3,274,983 
5,524,428 
4,184,286 
2,751,959 
2,256,514 

6,431,073 
11,466,447 

9,546,758 
12,641,022 

6,936,225 

2,256,514 


PEK  CENT  or 
TOTAL. 


Urban.    Rural 


100.0 

9.9 
8.9 
8.5 
9.4 
10.7 
10.2 
8.7 
14.4 
9.8 
5.4 
4.0 

9.9 
17.4 
20.1 
33.2 
15.2 

4.0 


100.0 
13.0 
12.1 
11.1 
10.3 
9.1 
7.8 
6.6 
11.2 
8.5 
5.0 
4.0 

13.0 
23.3 
19.3 
25.6 
14.1 
4.0 


*  Includes  a  small  number  of  persons  of  unknown  age. 

This  great  disparity  is  due  chiefly  to  two  causes: 
First,  the  fact  that  the  foreign  bom,  who  when  they 
immigrate  to  this  country  are  mainly  of  adult  age, 
go  chiefly  to  the  cities;  and,  second,  the  fact  that  most 
of  the  native  bom  who  move  from  country  to  city  are 
adults  in  the  most  active  period  of  life.  It  is  impossible 
to  draw  any  conclusions  as  to  the  relative  fecundity, 
or  the  relative  longevity,  of  the  urban  and  the  rural 
population  from  the  statistics,  because  of  the  powerful 
effect  of  these  two  causes  on  the  age  distribution. 

DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  URBAN  AND 
RURAL  POPULATION,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


kSAMOOVCR' 


130 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


The  extent  to  which  differences  between  urban  and 
rural  communities  appear  in  the  principal  color  or  race, 
nativity,  and  parentage  classes  of  the  population  may 
readily  be  seen  from  the  percentages  in  the  following 
table : 


Table  9 


AOE  PERIOD. 


All  agres 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Native  white. 


Native 
parentage. 


Ur- 
ban. 


100.0 
11.5 
19.5 
20.5 
29.9 
14.0 
4.3 


Ru- 
ral. 


100.0 
14.2 
24.3 
19.3 
24.1 
13.4 
4.5 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


Ur- 
ban. 


100.0 
15.0 
23.9 
21.7 
27.7 
10.7 
1.1 


Ru- 
ral. 


100.0 
12.6 
24.4 
21.4 
27.4 
12.2 
1.8 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


Ur- 
ban. 


100.0 
0.8 
5.2 
17.1 
45.6 
23.9 
7.3 


Ru- 
ral. 


100.0 
0.7 
4.1 
12.4 
40.1 
29.5 
12.8 


Negro. 


Ur- 
ban. 


100.0 
8.5 
16.9 
21.5 
36.6 
13.1 
2.9 


Ru- 
ral. 


100.0 
14.5 
27.3 
21.2 
23.2 
10.6 
3.0 


It  wiU  be  seen,  for  example,  that  in  the  case  of  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  urban  com- 
munities in  1910,  11.5  per  cent  were  under  5  years  of 
age,  as  compared  with  14.2  per  cent  in  rural  com- 
munities; on  the  other  hand,  29.9  per  cent  in  urban 
communities  were  from  25  to  44  years  old,  but  only 
24.1  per  cent  in  rural  communities.  In  the  case  of 
the  foreign-born  whites  the  percentage  under  5  years 
was  practically  the  same  in  urban  as  in  rural  com- 
munities, but  persons  from  25  to  44  years  of  age 
formed  45.6  per  cent  of  the  total  number  in  urban 
cormnunities  and  40.1  per  cent  in  rural  communities. 
Especially  striking  is  the  contrast  among  the  negroes ; 
8.5  per  cent  of  those  in  urban  communities  were  under 
5  years  of  age  and  36.6  per  cent  between  25  and  44 
years,  as  compared  with  14.5  per  cent  and  23.2  per 
cent,  respectively,  of  those  in  rural  communities.  In 
the  case  of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage,  however,  the  percentage  under  5  years  was 
higher  in  urban  than  in  rural  communities,  and  there 
was  very  little  difference  between  the  two  classes  of 
communities  with  respect  to  the  percentages  in  the 
age  periods  from  5  to  44  years.  This  exceptional  con- 
dition is  doubtless  due  to  the  fact  that  a  fairly  large 
proportion  of  the  earlier  immigrants  into  the  United 


States  settled  in  rural  districts,  while  most  of  the  more 
recent  immigrants  have  gone  to  the  cities  and  have 
contributed  large  numbers  of  children  to  the  class  of 
native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  there. 

The  dissimilarity  between  urban  and  rural  com- 
munities with  respect  to  age  distribution  appears  in  the 
case  of  both  sexes,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  following 
table : 


Table  lO 

popttlation:  1910 

PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

AGE  FEBIOD. 

Male. 

Female. 

Male. 

Female. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Ur- 
ban. 

Ru- 
ral. 

Ur- 
ban. 

Ru- 
ral. 

AU  ages' 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

21,496,181 

2,118,706 
3,689,561 
4,176,853 
7,341,394 
3,320,534 
782,062 

25,836,096 
3,261,890 
5,836,315 
4,930,719 
6,713,088 
3,842,798 
1,203,914 

21,127,202 

2,081,585 
3,711,764 
4,396,976 
6,827,459 
3,167,330 
910,948 

23,512,787 
3, 169, 183 
5,630,132 
4,616,039 
5,927,934 
3,093,427 
1,052,600 

100.0 
9.9 
17.2 
19.4 
34.2 
15.4 
3.6 

100.0 
12.6 
22.6 
19.1 
26.0 
14.9 
4.7 

100.0 
9.9 
17.6 
20.8 
32.3 
15.0 
4.3 

100.0 
13.5 
23.9 
19.6 
25.2 
13.2 
4.5 

•  Includes  a  small  number  of  persons  of  unknown  age. 

Table  14,  pages  137  and  138,  presents  age  statistics 
for  the  urban  and  rural  population  of  each  of  the  nine 
geographic  divisions  in  1910.  The  statements  with 
regard  to  conditions  in  the  country  as  a  whole  wiU  be 
found  to  hold  true,  with  little  modification,  in  most  of 
the  geographic  divisions. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

Table  15,  pages  139  to  143,  shows,  for  each  city  of 
100,000  inhabitants  or  more,  in  absolute  numbers  and 
percentages,  the  age  distribution  of  the  total  population 
and  of  the  most  important  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage  groups. 

Table  16,  pages  144  and  145,  shows  the  age  distribu- 
tion of  the  total  population  of  each  city  of  25,000  to 
100,000  inhabitants. 

The  differences  among  the  various  individual  cities 
with  respect  to  age  distribution  are  largely  attributa- 
ble to  differences  in  the  extent  to  which  the  growth 
of  such  cities  has  been  due  to  migration  from  abroad 
or  from  the  smaller  towns  and  rural  districts  of  this 
country.  It  is  impossible  to  draw  any  conclusions 
as  to  relative  birth  rates  or  death  rates  from  these 
statistics. 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


131 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910  AND  1900. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  11 


DIVISION  AND  AGE  PEBIOD. 


NEW  ENGLAND. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

IS  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

AVEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  yeai-s 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


ASSES. 

NATIVE 

WHITE. 

FOREIGN-BORN  AVIIITE. 

NEG 

ALL  CI 

RO. 

Native  parentage. 

Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

6,652,681 

6,692,017 

2,613,419 

2,611,110 

2,062,709 

1,579,044 

1,814,386 

1,436,872 

66,306 

69,099 

640,825 

554,254 

250,625 

228,461 

367,949 

307,059 

16,105 

13,158 

5,876 

6,  .382 

1,140,498 

978,968 

449,916 

428,923 

584,678 

453,674 

95,218 

87,007 

10,201 

8,983 

1,198,566 

1,021,419 

430,857 

414,188 

426,138 

322,091 

328,880 

271,971 

11,817 

12,353 

2,057,236 

1,763,017 

713,822 

691,520 

475,238 

400,453 

839,818 

646,365 

25.680 

21,267 

1,123,675 

930.127 

520,495 

510,033 

179,502 

85,401 

412,109 

324,968 

10,219 

8,799 

384,027 

328,992 

243,514 

228,459 

18,434 

9,596 

119,540 

88,848 

2,356 

1,969 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

0.8 

9.9 

9.6 

9.1 

17.9 

19.4 

0.9 

0.9 

8.9 

9.1 

17.4 

17.5 

17.2 

17.1 

28.5 

28.7 

6.2 

6.1 

15.4 

15.2 

18.3 

18.3 

16.5 

16.5 

20.8 

20.4 

18.1 

18.9 

17.8 

20.9 

31.4 

31.5 

27.3 

27.5 

23.2 

25.4 

46.3 

45.0 

38.7 

36.0 

17.1 

16.6 

19.9 

20.3 

8.7 

5.4 

22.7 

22.6 

15.4 

14.9 

6.9 

5.9 

9.3 

9.1 

0.9 

0.6 

6.6 

6.2 

3.6 

3.3 

19,316,892 

15,464,678 

8,462,961 

7,406,679 

5,691,312 

4,402,167 

4,826,179 

3,302,116 

417,870 

326,921 

2,050,139 

1,690,067 

992,447 

903,543 

983,447 

737, 478 

38,007 

19,141 

35,298 

29,075 

3,545,324 

3,039,428 

1,766,924 

1,653,930 

1,431,837 

1,166,317 

284,076 

167,909 

60,674 

49,621 

3,741,376 

2,891,567 

1,638,953 

1,397,388 

1,105,167 

880,876 

912,575 

534,129 

81,370 

75,993 

6,126,201 

4,820,969 

2,325,020 

1,946,088 

1,386,625 

1,259,141 

2,233,517 

1,486,444 

173,469 

120,069 

2,977,061 

2,298,577 

1,270,631 

1,104,545 

606,283 

315,600 

1,(M2,214 

8i3,370 

54,458 

40,404 

851,160 

689,339 

454,779 

384,396 

75,482 

41,095 

309,187 

254,779 

11,330 

8,776 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

10.6 

10.9 

1L7 

12.2 

17.6 

16.8 

0.8 

0.6 

8.4 

8.9 

18.4 

19.7 

20.9 

22.3 

25.6 

26.5 

5.9 

5.1 

14.5 

15.2 

19.4 

18.7 

19.4 

18.9 

19.8 

20.0 

18.9 

16.2 

19.5 

23.3 

31.7 

31.2 

27.5 

26.3 

24.8 

28.6 

46.3 

45.0 

41.6 

36.8 

15.4 

14.9 

16.0 

14.9 

10.8 

7.2 

21.6 

25.2 

13.0 

12.4 

4.4 

4.5 

5.4 

5.2 

1.3 

0.9 

6.4 

7.7 

2.7 

2.7 

18,260,621 

16,986,581 

9,761,968 

8,488,016 

6,108,434 

4,601,740 

3,067,220 

2,620,297 

300,836 

267,848 

1,907,713 

1,774,036 

1,252,251 

1,110,104 

608,706 

631,722 

20,898 

8,476 

23,428 

21,827 

3,480,718 

3,422,521 

2,168,860 

2,016,739 

1,135,301 

1,256,734 

125,826 

99,131 

46,047 

47,145 

3,629,212 

3,052,135 

1,926,247 

1,648,577 

1,138,916 

1,014,225 

402,522 

332,259 

67,685 

54,250 

5,436,564 

4,651,020 

2,533,247 

2,148,467 

1,503,163 

1,336,399 

1,280,697 

1,073,871 

113, 107 

86,767 

2,936,108 

2,313,609 

1,370,689 

1,164,(M4 

642,011 

318,662 

872,971 

791,583 

46,805 

36,669 

929,814 

742,415 

479,083 

379, 154 

77,691 

42,794 

359,558 

310,416 

12,333 

9,140 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

10.5 

11.1 

12.8 

13.1 

11.9 

13.7 

0.7 

0.3 

7.8 

8.5 

19.1 

21.4 

22.2 

23.8 

22.2 

27.3 

4.1 

3.8 

15.3 

18.3 

19.3 

19.1 

19.8 

19.4 

22.3 

22.0 

13.1 

12.7 

19.2 

21.0 

29.8 

29.1 

26.0 

25.3 

29.4 

29.0 

41.8 

41.0 

37.6 

33.7 

16.1 

14.5 

14.1 

13.7 

12.6 

6.9 

28.5 

30.2 

15.6 

14.2 

5.1 

4.6 

4.9 

4.5 

1.5 

0.9 

11.7 

11.8 

4.1 

3.5 

11,637,921 

10,347,423 

6,623,687 

6,660,903 

3,214,703 

2,873,809 

1,613,231 

1,531,106 

242,662 

237,909 

1,310,909 

1,264,617 

917,228 

796,711 

360,278 

4.35,512 

8,583 

4,631 

19,127 

21,510 

2,400,375 

2,395,946 

1,530,803 

1,422,353 

765,238 

861,660 

54,184 

51,7.30 

40,175 

50,081 

2,347,750 

2,040,145 

1,322,316 

1,122,793 

790,586 

667,035 

177,511 

189,629 

49, 177 

52,903 

3,303,068 

2,855,700 

1,638,080 

1,399,536 

939, 114 

738,605 

629,018 

6.35,529 

86,228 

71,548 

1,718,233 

1,366,402 

829,423 

704,131 

322,032 

148,722 

523,503 

476,058 

36,596 

30,893 

532,623 

400,689 

268,571 

199,029 

35,282 

20,603 

216,414 

170,262 

9,954 

8,427 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

11.3 

12.2 

14.1 

14.1 

11.2 

15.2 

0.5 

0.3 

7.9 

9.0 

20.6 

23.2 

23.5 

25.1 

23.8 

30.0 

3.4 

3.4 

16.6 

21.1 

20.2 

19.7 

20.3 

19.8 

24.6 

23.2 

U.O 

12.4 

20.3 

22.2 

28.4 

27.6 

25.1 

24.7 

29.2 

25.7 

39.0 

41.5 

35.5 

30.1 

14.8 

13.2 

12.7 

12.4 

10.0 

5.2 

32.4 

31.1 

15.1 

13.0 

4.6 

3.9 

4.1 

3.5 

LI 

0.7 

13.4 

11.1 

4.1 

3.5 

12,194,896 

10,443,480 

7,341,205 

8,107,314 

439,843 

389,861 

290,556 

208,883 

4,112,488 

3,729,017 

1,657,219 

1,447,579 

1,027,812 

856,012 

54,686 

44,4.33 

2,575 

880 

570,516 

545,284 

2,920,908 

2,627,533 

1,746,118 

1,527,854 

88,228 

84,896 

15,852 

8,976 

1,068,275 

1,004,008 

2,483,317 

2, 190, 895 

1,470,014 

1,260,948 

80,447 

77,960 

46,899 

25,866 

883,929 

824,522 

3, 142, 195 

2,513,571 

1,864,458 

1,464,497 

131,872 

130,885 

126,202 

80,438 

1,016,899 

835,014 

1,530,570 

1,274,234 

945,517 

771,500 

72, 172 

43,495 

69,007 

64,956 

442,299 

393,265 

439,628 

361,355 

278,967 

214,785 

12,072 

7,909 

29,089 

27,089 

119, 140 

111,321 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

1.3.6 

13.9 

14.0 

14.0 

12.4 

11.4 

0.9 

0.4 

13.9 

14.6 

24.0 

25.2 

23.8 

25.0 

20.1 

21.8 

5.5 

4.3 

26.0 

26.9 

20.4 

21.0 

20.0 

20.6 

18.3 

20.0 

16.1 

12.4 

21.5 

22.1 

25.8 

24.1 

25.4 

24.0 

30.0 

33.6 

4.3.4 

38.5 

24.7 

22.4 

12.6 

12.2 

12.9 

12.6 

16.4 

11.2 

23.8 

31.1 

10.8 

10.5 

3.6 

3.5 

3.8 

3.5 

2.7 

2.0 

10.0 

13.0 

2.9 

3.0 

132 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  11— Continued. 


DIVISION  AND  AQE  PEBIOD. 


EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

An  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  tol4  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent , 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years , 

26  to  44  years , 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years , 

25  to  44  years , 

45  to  64  years '.. 

65  years  and  over 

MOUNTAIN. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  yeans 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years , 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years , 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

PACIFIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


ALL  CLASSES. 


1910 


8,409,901 
1,160,471 
2,040,195 
1,719,229 
2, 134, 484 
1,043,077 
297,289 

100.0 
13.8 
24.3 
20.4 
25.4 
12.4 
3.5 


8,784,534 
1,235,658 
2,171,364 
1,812,549 
2,283,059 
1,016,938 
246, 477 

100.0 
14.1 
24.7 
20.6 
26.0 
11.6 
2.8 


2,633,517 
305,804 
51^,  074 
505, 551 
853,011 
368,028 
78,517 

100. 0 
11.6 
19.5 
19.2 
32.4 
14.0 
3.0 


4,192,304 
362,626 
655,316 
783,037 

1,474,057 
710,399 
189,989 

100.0 
8.6 
15.6 
18.7 
35.2 
16.9 
4.5 


1900 


7, 547, 757 
1,055,904 
1,939,802 
1,601,614 
1,791,850 
891, 182 
242,903 

100.0 
14.0 
25.7 
21.2 
23.7 
11.8 
3.2 


6,532,290 

960,174 

1,738,339 

1,359,280 

1,564,774 

723,989 

160,983 

100.0 
14.7 
26.6 
20.8 
24.0 
11.1 
2.5 


1,674,657 
203,676 
358,276 
301,135 
539,451 
216,386 
45,8% 

100.0 
12.2 
21.4 
18.0 
32.2 
12.9 
2.7 


,416,692 
220,321 
453,544 
432,915 
797,075 
387,470 
108,002 

100.0 
9.1 
18.8 
17.9 
33.0 
16.0 
4.5 


NATIVE    VnUTE. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


5,452,492 

796,697 

1,339,649 

1, 102, 123 

1,343,403 

670, 749 

193,484 

100.0 
14.6 
24.6 
20.2 
24.6 
12.3 
3.5 


5,767,449 

877,638 

1,467,943 

1,189,485 

1,443,297 

632,834 

146,523 

100.0 
15.2 
25.5 
20.6 
25.0 
11.0 
2.5 


1,466,624 
207,466 
327,827 
286,255 
420,567 
179,465 
39,295 

100.0 
14.1 
22.3 
19.5 
28.7 
12.2 
2.7 


2,108,770 
224,118 
387,258 
405,727 
664,547 
320, 197 
96,852 

100.0 
10.6 
18.4 
19.2 
31.5 
15.2 
4.6 


1900 


4,725,774 
688,544 

1,226,281 
985,975 

1,105,897 
561,166 
147, 702 

100.0 
14.6 
25.9 
20.9 
23.4 
11.9 
3.1 


4,028,944 
632, 442 

1,104,329 

837,607 

931,310 

427,889 

86,022 

100.0 
15.7 
27.4 
20.8 
23.1 
10.6 
2.1 


855, 101 
122,351 
204,824 
154,449 
244,051 
101,365 
21,534 

100.0 
14.3 
24.0 
18.1 
28.5 
11.9 
2.5 


1,165,621 
126,713 
249,377 
218,637 
340,758 
165,255 
54,145 

100.0 
10.9 
21.4 
18.8 
29.2 
14.2 
4.6 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


214,977 

15,048 
32,183 
38,975 
79,934 
43,003 
5,654 

100.0 
7.0 
15.0 
18.1 
37.2 
20.0 
2.6 


605,283 
79,676 
148,061 
127,928 
169, 275 
70,917 
8,847 

100.0 

13.2 
24.5 
21.1 
28.0 
11.7 
1.5 


616,921 
81,530 
143,799 
135,298 
187,832 
61,935 
6,050 

100.0 
13.2 
23.3 
21.9 
30.4 
10.0 
1.0 


1,053,655 

122,805 
222,119 
235,228 
337,056 
119,531 
16,074 

100.0 
11.7 
21.1 
22.3 
32.0 
11.3 
1.6 


1900 


229, 391 
18,696 
44,517 
£0,840 
86,826 
24, 157 
4,178 

100.0 
8.2 
19.4 
22.2 
37.9 
10.5 
1.8 


478, 111 
71,493 
132,535 
103,465 
129,619 
35,466 
5,052 

100.0 
15.0 
27.7 
21.6 
27.1 
7.4 
1.1 


436,393 
69,999 

124,566 
92, 277 

122,401 
24,444 
2,409 

100.0 
16.0 
28.5 
21.1 
28.0 
5.6 
0.6 


655,501 

86,310 
180,298 
147,674 
189,099 

44,013 
7,510 

100.0 
13.2 
27.5 
22.5 
28.8 
6.7 
1.1 


FOBEIGN-BORN  WHITE. 


1910 


86,857 
426 
3,350 
8,430 
29,973 
28,941 
15,567 

100.0 
0.5 
3.9 
9.7 
34.5 
33.3 
17.9 


348,759 
6,909 
27,435 
50,406 

1.33,434 
96,022 
34,246 

100.0 

1.7 
7.9 
14.5 
38.3 
27.5 
9.8 


436,910 

4,226 

19,668 

64,381 

207,779 

110, 164 

28,183 

100.0 
1.0 
4.5 
14.7 
47.6 
25.2 
6.5 


861,448 
5,778 

31,230 
112,538 
399,541 
237,587 

71,565 

100.0 
0.7 
3.6 
13.1 
46.4 
27.6 
8.3 


1900 


89,682 
209 
2,295 
7,739 
29,155 
34,979 
15,003 

100.0 
0.2 
2.6 
8.6 
32.5 
39.0 
1.7 


264,010 

2,862 
17,987 
35,908 
101,620 
80,640 
23,709 

100.0 
1.1 
6.8 
13.6 
38.5 
30.6 
9.0 


288,361 

1,526 

10,733 

37,016 

144,024 
75,959 
18,093 

100.0 
0.5 
3.7 
12.8 
49.9 
26.3 
6.3 


472,491 
1,486 
12,989 
46,711 
217,144 
149, 133 
42,148 

100.0 
0.3 
2.7 
9.9 
46.0 
31.6 
8.9 


1910 


2,652,513 

347, 803 
664,288 
569,118 
680,407 
300,000 
82,481 

100.0 
13.1 
25.1 
21.5 
26.7 
11.3 
3.1 


1,984,426 

258,012 
505,974 
429,272 
519, 967 
209,554 
55,073 

100.0 
13.0 
25.5 
21.6 
26.2 
10.6 
2.8 


21,467 
1,350 
2,648 
3,718 
9,718 
3,350 
548 

100.0 
6.3 
12.3 
17.3 
45.3 
15.6 
2.6 


29,195 
1,878 
3,537 
5,125 

12,703 

4,822 

900 

100.0 
6.4 
12.1 

17.6 
43.5 
16.5 
3.1 


1900 


,499,886 
348,061 
665,981 
556,432 
569,198 
270,496 
75,917 

100.0 
13.9 
26:6 
22.3 
22.8 
10.8 
3.0 


1,694,066 

242,448 
464,426 
368,900 
387,871 
173,389 
44,970 

100.0 
14.3 
27.4 
21.8 
22.9 
10.2 
2.7 


15,590 
981 
2,010 
3,258 
6,731 
2,083 
282 

100.0 
6.3 
12.9 
20.9 
43.2 
13.4 
1.8 


14,6«4 
1,087 
2,493 
2,583 
5,524 
2,245 
553 

100.0 

7.4 
17.0 
17.6 
37.7 
15.3 

3.8 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


133 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION,   BY  STATES:  1910. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  12 

STATK  AND  CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


All  ages. 


AGE  PERIODS. 


Under  6 
years. 


5to9 

years. 


10  to  14 

years. 


15  to  19 

years. 


20  to  24 

years. 


25  to  29 
years. 


30  to  34 

years. 


86  to  44 

years. 


45  to  54 

years. 


55  to  64 

years. 


65  years 
and  over. 


K£W  EKQLAKS 


Maine 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


New  Hampshire 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Vermont 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 


Massachusetts 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  wlilte — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  wliite 

Negro 


Rhode  Island 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Connecticut 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 


MIDDLE  ATLAKTIC 


New  York 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


New  Jersey 

Native  wliite— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  jyar. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Pennsylvania 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixM  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL 


Ohio 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Indiana 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


Illinois 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


Michigan. . , 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  wliite 

Negro 


Wisconsin 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL 


Minnesota 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Iowa 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


742,371 
494,907 
134,955 
110, 133 
1,363 

430,678 
230,231 
103, 117 
96,658 
664 

355,956 

229,382 

75,055 

49,861 

1,621 

3,366,416 

1,103,429 

1,170,447 

1,051,060 

38,055 

542,610 

169,821 

194,646 

178,026 

9,529 

1,114,756 

395,049 

374,489 

328,769 

16, 174 


9,113,614 
3,230,326 
3,007,248 
2,729,272 
134, 191 

S, 137, 167 

1,009,909 

777,797 

658,188 

89,760 

7,665,111 

4,222,727 

1,806,267 

1,438,719 

193,919 


4,767,121 

3,033,260 

1,024,393 

607,246 

111,462 

8,700,876 

2,130,088 

360,551 

160,322 

60,320 

6,638,591 
2,600,666 
1,723,847 
1,202,660 
109, 0'» 

2,810,173 

1,224,841 

964,882 

505,624 

17,116 

2,333,860 
763,225 

1,044,761 

512,569 

2,900 


2,075,708 

575,081 

941,136 

643,010 

7,084 

2,224,771 

1,303,526 

632,181 

273,484 

14,973 


71,845 

45,777 

24,341 

1,519 

117 

39,681 

19,109 

19,307 

1,122 

40 

34,171 

23,667 

9,686 

722 

•   102 

328,886 

108,005 

208,866 

8,467 

3,448 

54,098 

16,347 

35,140 

1,704 

862 

112,844 

37,730 

70,610 

2,681 

1,307 


898,927 
361,400 
605,752 
20,846 
10,061 

266,942 

114,416 

139,219 

6,360 

7,922 

884,270 

516,631 

338,476 

11,802 

17,315 


479,475 

356,022 

111,068 

4,453 

8,921 

275,524 

243,438 

26,309 

986 

4,763 

597,989 

347,529 

233,731 

8,417 

8,248 

298,554 

164,742 

127,010 

4,586 

1,285 

256,171 

141,520 

110,598 

2,457 

211 


226,840 

101,321 

121,701 

2,143 

382 

236,063 

178,844 

54,704 

1,207 

1,245 


66,633 

42, 179 

21,011 

3,278 

80 

36,873 
17,539 
16,826 
2,460 
44 

32,657 

22,433 

8,662 

1,486 

73 

894,846 

94,675 
175, 196 

2|880 

48,447 

14, 195 

29,057 

4,417 

754 

101,486 

35,972 

66,821 

7,398 

1,269 


803,868 

329,032 

391,867 

73,849 

8,287 

242,279 

107,428 

111,580 

16,980 

7,261 

773,091 
468,154 
253,061 
36,353 
16,478 


438,899 

326,556 

91,188 

13,518 

8,621 

264.947 

231,980 

25,286 

2,741 

4,907 

546,868 
311,147 
202,223 
25,584 
7,873 

275,367 

140,262 

121,806 

11,135 

1,273 

247,878 

120,747 

118,021 

7,521 

189 


220,233 

84,034 

127,649 

6,952 

336 

228,422 

162,247 
61,755 
3,031 
1,348 


64,588 

41,593 

18,632 

4,162 

117 

36,271 

17,744 

15, 179 

3,304 

40 

31,451 

21,496 

8,186 

1,696 

72 

284,960 
93,356 

159,342 
29,249 
2,906 

47,014 

13,663 

26,164 

6,442 

714 

96,278 
35,082 
49,602 
9,329 
1,244 


785,826 
321,267 
369,612 
96,319 
7,930 

228,696 

100,707 

101, 190 

19,886 

6,878 

711,565 
440,346 
214,637 
41,690 
14,840 


425,602 

310,316 

91,853 

14,439 

8,964 

255.568 

220,593 

27,334 

2,608 

4,984 

520,965 

280,767 

205,728 

26,664 

7,768 

258,480 
122,465 
120,812 
13,097 
1,276 

246,164 

105,038 

131,052 

8,529 

192 


214,402 

69,979 

134,549 

8,339 

375 

222,577 

147,580 
70,382 
3,368 
1,216 


65, 136 
41,114 
16,207 
7,662 
145 

37,906 
17,438 
12,931 
7,480 
53 

31,161 

20,665 

7,600 

2,798 

97 

296,661 
92,113 

138,856 

62,640 

2,870 

51,998 
14,426 
23,900 
12,873 
772 

101,025 

35,118 

43,828 

20,847 

1,213 


842.449 
319,190 
330,065 
182,629 
9,818 

836.541 
98,344 
90,453 
40,247 
7,428 

722,479 
427,080 
197,763 
81,490 
15,406 


446,912 

309,180 

101,443 

28,392 

9,866 

269,148 

217,257 
31,228 
5,150 
5,452 

544,891 

270,851 

214,060 

51,135 

8,731 

266.830 

117,366 

125,658 

21,641 

1,378 

242,671 

90,976 

136,187 

14,291 

223 


215,148 

61,684 

136,226 

15,830 

436 

225,010 

139,112 

77,211 

7,309 

1,316 


61,782 

38,245 

11,361 

11,945 

134 

36,853 
16,319 
8,980 
11,499 
45 

28,786 

17,935 

5,773 

4,755 

320 

325,382 

90,678 

105,761 

124,802 

3,831 

63,638 

13,875 

18,351 

20,488 

887 

108,339 
32,932 
32,600 
41,291 
1,460 


938.941 

307,767 

267,736 

344,930 

17,481 

260.613 

92,798 
69,058 
78,486 
10,124 

750,363 
393,774 
150,092 
184,784 
21,113 


453,526 

287,729 
93,338 
60,583 
11,801 

251,288 

200,394 

30,816 

13,579 

6,444 

577,168 
252,705 

185,887 
126,518 
11,792 

264,680 

108,394 

103,445 

50,476 

1,712 

222.097 
n,396 

116,854 

32,757 

297 


216, 670 
55,330 

114,824 

45,064 

709 

211,404 
121,004 
71,837 
16,967 
1,506 


57,418 

35,594 

8,626 

12,981 

136 

33,675 
15,380 
6,406 
11,812 


27,085 

16,119 

5,157 

5,468 

341 

313,069 

84,992 

82,994 

140,045 

4,624 

50, 125 
12,659 
14,126 
22,220 
1,061 

101,654 

29,677 

25,391 

44,904 

1,604 


879,843 

271,608 
217,423 
368,870 
20,673 

236,172 

82,183 
54,870 
88,346 
10,675 

706,682 
349,846 
119,154 
212,682 
24,684 


426,693 

266,233 

88,093 

73,238 

12,033 

229,494 

175,641 
30,158 
17,023 
6,610 

530,920 
216,102 

148,292 
152,753 
13,392 

240,313 
94,216 
81,537 
62,199 
1,821 

191,970 

52,397 

95,174 

43,336 

382 


187,438 
44,225 
84, 412 
67,100 
1,065 

183,993 
99,652 
61,131 
21,621 
1,601 


53,261 

34, 150 

7,074 

11,862 

102 

31,794 
15,537 
5,517 
10,684 
46 

26,089 
15,404 
5,223 
5,235 
224 

880,781 

78,290 

71,987 

126,126 

3,913 

44,713 
11,390 
12,129 
20,236 

837 

90,665 
27,410 
22,528 
39,144 
1,496 


768,304 
232,654 
201,976 
316,096 
16,201 

213,082 
74,102 
49,690 
80,021 
9,058 

612,731 

301,404 
107,689 
182,468 
20,846 


377,912 

217,614 

83,953 

66,124 

10,232 

198, 186 

146,057 

30,738 

15,818 

5,517 

460,303 
174,415 
125,670 
137,965 
11,905 

210,982 
80,463 
66,246 
62,264 
1,550 

163,927 
36,945 
80,531 
45,565 
293 


153,196 

32,886 

63,164 

66,661 

1,009 

159,711 

81,665 

54,317 

22,468 

1,313 


98,745 
64,470 
11,832 
22,115 
183 

60,135 

30,909 
9,076 
20,038 


48,139 
28,273 
10, 122 
9,545 
191 

600,349 
143,446 
119,426 
229,986 
6,623 

78,649 
19,986 
19,164 
37,844 
1,541 

160,890 
50,137 
38,460 
69,573 
2,648 


1,312,176 

383,802 

366,878 

645,686 

23,210 

366,285 
126,258 

83,792 
140,759 

15,034 

1,030,927 

503,263 
195, 154 
298,690 
33,189 


650.864 
368,785 
160,235 
113,946 
17,701 

364,468 

263,621 

62,840 

28,636 

9,362 

787, 763 

286,883 
213,278 
248,829 
19,073 

361, 137 
134,253 
106,107 
117,146 
2,731 

281,632 

61,722 

132,311 

95,955 

506 


252,868 
48,153 
90,507 

111,587 
1,643 

276,656 

134,187 
90,669 
49,176 
2,434 


81,681 

56,861 

8,669 

15,886 

146 

48,483 
28,881 
5,494 
14,014 
78 

38,233 

23,154 

7,883 

7,092 

99 

352,783 

122,514 

72,936 

152,894 

3,793 

55,073 
16,347 
11,076 
26,498 
1,049 

113,340 
41,661 
23,967 
46,080 
1,508 


921,991 

290,160 

241,689 

376,759 

11,468 

248,298 
93,120 
52, 119 
94,353 
8,432 

713,761 

367,775 
137,836 
190,180 
17,489 


486,039 
264,800 
121,630 
88,106 
11,442 

276,935 

195,9.54 
50,868 
23,881 
6,136 

542,677 
204,574 
132,573 
194,418 
10,656 

287,157 
107,096 
68,509 
108,832 
1,928 


58,992 

44,914 

4,402 

9,429 

117 

34,269 
23,991 
2,373 
7,868 
28 

28,714 

19, 101 

4,415 

6,132 

62 

210,369 
96,040 
26,129 
86,165 
1,875 

32,978 
13,526 
4,161 
14,660 
587 

68,786 
33,506 
7,947 
26,402 
878 


632,049 
209,120 
94,823 
222,269 
5,228 

138,417 
62,948 
18,210 
53,191 
3,999 

422,555 

247,508 

61,606 

105,472 

7,842 


313,086 
186,436 
65,404 
64,802 
6,416 

182,336 
134,413 
23,343 
21,130 
3,424 

300,808 
132,286 
44,435 
118,786 
5,176 

186,707 
80,069 
29,177 
75,809 
1,168 


225,905 

38,484 

86,983 

99,253 

312 

134,468 

26,588 

29,189 

77,966 

148 

193,399 
35,164 
49,636 

107,090 
738 

104,460 
21,007 
13,648 
69,043 
268 

216,151 
103,216 
59,092 
52,190 
1,602 

135,734 
69,647 
21,098 
44,266 
804 

134 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION,  BY  STATES:  1910— Continued. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  Include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  12— Continued. 

STATE  AND  CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


WEST  NORTH  CEITTRAL— Contd. 

Missonri 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par — 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

North  Dakota 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

South  Dakota 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Nebraska 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Kansas 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

SOUTH  ATIANTIC 

Delaware 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Maryland 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

District  of  Colombia 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Virginia 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  tnixed  pax 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

West  Virginia 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

North  Carolina 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

South  Carolina 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Georgia 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Nativewhite — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Florida 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

EAST  S0T7TH  CENTRAL 

Kentucky 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Tennessee 

Native  white— Native  parentage , 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixm  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


All  ages. 


3,293,335 

2,387,835 
518,201 
228,896 
157,462 

577,058 
162,461 
251,236 
156,158 
617 

583,888 

245,652 

217,491 

100,628 

817 

1,192,214 

642,075 

362,353 

175,865 

7,689 

1,690,949 

1,207,057 

292,105 

135,190 

54,030 


202,322 

127,809 
25,873 
17,420 
31,181 

1,295,346 

766,627 
191,838 
104,174 
232,250 

331, 069 

166,711 
45,066 
24,351 
94,446 

2, 081, 612 

1,325,238 

37,943 

26,028 
671,096 

1,221,119 

1,042,107 
57,638 
57,072 
64,173 

2,206,287 

1,485,718 

.     8,851 

5,942 

697,843 

1,515,400 

661,970 

11,137 

6,054 

835,843 

2, 609, 121 

l,391,a58 

25,672 

15,072 

1,176,987 

752, 619 
373, 967 
35,825 
33,842 


2,289,905 
1,863,194 

124,704 
40,053 

261,656 

2,184,789 

1,654,606 

38,367 

18,459 

473,088 


AGE  PERIODS. 


Under  6 
years. 


360,503 
310,107 

36,795 
1,257 

12,299 

82,399 

31,110 

48,907 

1,397 

37 

73,489 

42,022 

28,229 

609 

60 

140,096 

96,668 

41,591 

883 

477 

131, 519 

157,156 
28,351 
1,087 
4,027 


20, 045 
13,038 

3,803 
115 

3,089 

137,714 
90,049 
21,065 
610 
25,987 

26,669 

15,476 

3,746 

139 

7,290 

268,825 

176,965 

4,984 

232 

86,555 

169, 118 
151,585 

9,816 
739 

6,974 

332,792 

222,809 

1,159 

60 

107,297 

228, 459 

98,624 

1,015 

46 

128,712 

376, 641 

206,419 

2,607 

91 

167,498 

96,956 

52,787 

6,491 

543 

37,114 


294, 503 

262,927 

5,878 

113 

25,541 

294, 591 

234,792 

3,087 

99 

66,580 


5to9 
years. 


338,232 

284,909 

36,450 

4,061 

12,768 

69,927 

22,929 

41,770 

4,310 

34 

66,933 

33,239 

29,722 

1,685 

60 

128, 086 

79,982 

44,700 

2,485 

487 

177,868 

140, 009 

29,745 

2,430 

4,861 


19, 197 
12,450 

3,066 
305 

3,315 

133,682 

85,803 
19,392 
2,613 
25,809 

25,312 

14,328 

3,324 

457 

7,192 

256, 490 

103,215 

4,323 

757 

88,123 

148, 179 

134,338 

5,874 

1,687 

6,274 

294,900 

192,444 

1,034 

148 

100,151 

208,780 

84,620 

939 

97 

123,067 

347,369 

181,409 

2,325 

325 

163,294 

90, 941 

40,802 
5,109 
1,144 

37,811 


272,758 

239,453 

6,813 

369 

26,087 

269,019 

209,798 

2,977 

376 

65,846 


10  to  14 

years. 


324,191 

263,886 
42,829 
4,241 
13,190 

59,392 

17, 170 

35,190 

6,166 

30 

60, 021 
26,812 
29,083 
2,044 
62 

121,732 

69,690 

48,604 

2,614 

438 

168,309 

127, 737 

32,810 

2,458 

4,971 


19,308 

12,577 

2,790 

399 

3,540 

129,605 

82,671 
19,329 
2,997 
24,595 

24,649 

13,478 

3,415 

625 

7,211 

237,563 

149,393 

3,937 

778 

83,395 

131, 027 

119,445 

4,663 

1,490 

5,424 

265,964 

174,395 

990 

202 

89,416 

192,406 

76,880 

999 

145 

114,341 

315, 217 

160,352 

2,427 

393 

152,029 

80,319 
41,398 
4,292 
1,330 
33,288 


252,905 

216,963 

8,513 

408 

26,984 

243,328 

186,170 

3,323 

460 

63,344 


15  to  19 

years. 


334,073 
259,674 

52,029 
7,563 

14,766 

56,699 

15,175 

32,270 

8,508 

36 

58,642 

24,349 

28,909 

3,563 

61 

124,518 

66,875 

51,790 

4,830 

653 

170,503 

124,481 
35,950 
4,018 
5,518 


19,460 

12,536 

2,821 

873 

3,228 

127,973 

80,063 
19,460 
5,027 
23,398 

28,112 

15,018 

3,626 

820 

8,620 

217,272 

137,127 

3,802 

1,215 

75,047 

125, 145 

110,029 

4,481 

4,050 

6,575 

242,678 

160,398 

914 

275 

80,253 

172, 674 

72,236 

1,032 

251 

99,118 

280,383 

147,305 

2,476 

665 

129,923 

78,095 

38,853 
3,987 
2,350 

30,891 


241, 622 

201,728 

10,798 

897 

28,163 

237, 672 

178,873 

3,672 

738 

64,363 


20  to  24 

years. 


319,770 

231,297 
53,991 
16,873 
17,527 

61,631 

16,477 

28,423 

16,175 

82 

62,994 

25,968 
27,136 
8,334 


123, 104 

63,294 
45,889 
12,586 


167, 584 

117,596 
34,101 
9,892 
5,678 


19,256 

11,815 
2,243 
2,a54 
3,142 

123, 240 

73,488 
16,764 
9,362 
23,691 

34,424 

17,060 
3,913 
2,073 

11,333 

195,308 

122, 789 

3,373 

2,587 

66,503 

121,514 

99,617 
4,189 
8,803 


209, 575 

138,037 

732 

573 

69,485 

151, 470 

64,666 
982 
485 

85,305 

260, 140 

132,813 

2,487 

1,619 

123,295 

78,598 

36,164 
3,165 
3,917 

35,331 


215,210 

174,083 
11,360 

1,885 
27,856 

211,093 

155,092 

3,514 

1,278 

51,187 


25  to  29 

years. 


286, 284 
195,509 
51,797 
21,233 
17,652 

56,726 
15,128 
21,465 
19,604 
104 

54,885 
21,847 
21,325 
10,268 
110 

105,572 
53,141 
35,084 
15,777 
1,143 

144,369 

98,713 
28,687 
11,505 
5,266 


17,303 

10,516 
1,842 
2,357 
2,583 

110, 005 
63,469 
14,651 
10,817 
21,023 

35,113 

16,605 
4,180 
2,699 

11,572 

161,302 

102,976 

2,782 

3,163 

52,324 

107,325 

84,900 
4,325 
9,818 
8,265 

167,661 

113,527 

629 

646 

52,293 

118,317 

53,479 

923 

637 

63,247 

214,250 

111,945 

2,206 

1,801 

98,274 

69,177 
.30,5.52 
2,400 
4,109 
32,084 


181,948 
143,372 

11,795 
2,608 

24,148 

177, 423 

130,166 

3,362 

1,684 

42,188 


30toS4 

years. 


247,044 

160,203 

60,740 

21,363 

14,647 

44,996 

11,365 

14,801 

18,393 

73 

43,212 

16,085 

15,666 

10, 154 

84 

86,136 
41,959 
26,465 
16,406 
933 

122, 416 

82,156 
24,222 
11,634 
4,263 


15, 173 

9,176 
1,784 
1,977 
2,233 

95,786 
54,402 
14,346 
10,417 
16,570 

31,029 

14,803 

4,559 

2,655 

8,963 

135, 073 

89,105 

2,670 

2,889 

40,358 

88,338 
70,353 
4,333 
7,883 
5,754 

133,478 

93,627 
588 
644 

38,240 

91,750 

44,052 

872 

605 

46,194 

169,314 

94,109 

2,110 

1,606 

71,459 

56,005 

26,265 
2,032 
3,583 

24,089 


155, 036 
120,049 

12,951 
2,731 

19,294 

145, 809 

108,758 

3,550 

1,634 

31,848 


35  to  44 

years. 


427,038 

265,761 

94,897 

42,018 

24,148 

65,448 

15, 195 

17, 154 

32,378 

109 

65,763 

22,743 

20,143 

20,686 

148 

138, 123 
65,019 
35,589 
35,622 
1,439 

201,296 

132,588 

36,879 

24,374 

7,254 


26,954 

15,966 
3,304 
3,517 
4,154 

170, 657 
91,107 
28,822 
20,494 
30,097 

53,234 

24,208 
8,477 
5,109 

15,255 

229,738 

146,677 

5,039 

5,517 

72,406 

139, 788 
112,001 

8,547 
10,720 

8,484 

208,910 

144,243 

1,164 

1,279 

61,526 

145, 002 

66,149 
1,783 
1,221 

75,811 

261, 876 

139,556 
3,S()6 
3,128 

115,255 

89, 637 
40,630 
3,632 
6,911 
38,386 


266, 143 
199,484 

26,017 
6,609 

34,000 

234,926 

173,852 

6,712 

3,354 

50,969 


45  to  54 
years. 


308,907 

189,215 

64,610 

39,601 

15,283 

43,644 
9,379 
8,063 

25,584 
54 

49, 177 
16,174 
11,907 
19,275 
81 

106, 507 

48,918 

21,022 

35,485 

800 

153, 178 

99,288 
23,950 
24,557 
5,248 


21,384 
13,257 
2,611 
2,605 
2,903 

126, 669 
66,333 
23,079 
16,327 
20,822 

34, 076 
15,715 
5,684 
3,479 


165,406 

106,038 
3,708 
3,843 
51,730 

90, 793 

74,614 
6,586 
5,392 
4,187 

160, 313 

111, 774 

763 

940 

46,260 

95,257 

46,668 

1,411 

925 

46,216 

182, 090 

99,724 
2,819 
2,362 

77,110 

56, 831 

28,170 
2,482 
4,751 

21,360 


192,435 

140,341 

20,225 

7,345 

24,494 

173, 112 

127,151 

4,780 

3,223 

37,930 


55  to  64 

years. 


189,  .543 

124,082 
24,085 
33,085 
8,212 

21,697 

4,815 

2,272 

14,151 

36 

28,111 
9,325 
3,979 

13,184 
28 

65,550 

31,481 

7,912 

25,610 

326 

102,175 

67,812 
10,758 
20,382 
3,126 


13,412 

9,110 
1,070 
1,595 
1,635 

77,941 

4.3,816 
10,401 
12,430 
11,264 

20, 199 

10,247 
2,584 
2,850 
4,492 

106, 877 
72,477 
1,88 
2,614 
29,863 

55,756 

47,716 
3,075 
3,074 
1,8- 

108, 660 

78,176 
484 
579 

29,083 

64, 822 

33,036 
721 
771 

30,280 

116,968 

69,638 
1,458 
1,612 

44,235 

33,116 

19,008 
1,356 
2,852 
9,885 


120, 124 

91,687 

7,470 

7,511 

13,441 

110,722 

84,638 
2,108 
2,603 

21,357 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


135 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION,  BY  STATES:  1910— Continued. 
[Totals  for  all  ages  Include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  12— Ckmtinued. 

STATE  AND  CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


EAST  SOUTH  CEWTKAI.— Contd. 

Alabama 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Mississippi 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro . ._ 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 

Arkansas 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. . . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Louisiana 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Oklahoma 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Texas 

Native  white — Native  pwrentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

MOUNTAIN 

Montana 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Idaho 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Wyoming 

Native  white- Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par — 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Colorado 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-t)om  white 

Negro 

New  Mexico 

Native  white^Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-born  wtiite 

Negro 

Arizona 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Utah 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Nevada 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

PACIFIC 

Washington 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-boi:n  white 

Negro 

Oregon 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

California 

Native  wliite— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


AGE  PERIODS. 

A.11  ages. 

Under  5 

5to» 

10  to  14 

15  to  19 

20  to  24 

25  to  29 

80  to  34 

86  to  44 

45  to  54 

55to«4 

65  years 
and  over. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

2,138,093 

311,716 

284,802 

253,196 

229,517 

211,405 

177,557 

136,889 

209,532 

159,614 

94,409 

65,363 

1,177,459 

183,253 

158,514 

136,874 

126,039 

113,226 

94,509 

76,628 

111,065 

84,461 

55,787 

35,853 

32,417 

4,127 

3,703 

3,504 

3,435 

2,786 

2,496 

2,320 

4,310 

3,252 

1,537 

919 

18,956 

151 

514 

578 

806 

1,626 

2,139 

2,041 

3,628 

3,420 

2,224 

1,793 

908,282 

123,991 

121,935 

112,129 

99,130 

93,670 

78,334 

55,845 

90,450 

68,415 

34,834 

26,770 

1,797,114 

259,661 

244,273 

219,914 

196,241 

178,469 

148,983 

117,631 

182,607 

115,235 

77,426 

54,338 

757,233 

115,725 

102,200 

89,677 

81,418 

71,664 

60,404 

50,498 

74,618 

50,440 

36,244 

23,241 

19,489 

1,956 

1,665 

1,685 

1,717 

1,693 

1,653 

1,655 

3,113 

2,315 

1,316 

691 

9,389 

63 

280 

366 

441 

759 

859 

884 

1,802 

1,403 

1,212 

1,290 

1,009,487 

141,691 

139,945 

128,019 

112,527 

102,222 

85,954 

64,490 

102,887 

60,962 

38,567 

29,053 

1,574,449 

230,701 

209,661 

179,879 

173,888 

151,780 

129,133 

104,721 

160,994 

118,729 

69,735 

44,898 

1,077,509 

169,391 

146,929 

122,986 

118,910 

100,954 

85,118 

70,488 

106,404 

75,024 

49,298 

30,801 

36,603 

3,800 

3,768 

3,769 

4,015 

3,538 

3,109 

2,793 

5,087 

3,795 

1,845 

1,072 

16,909 

107 

348 

388 

593 

1,008 

1,376 

1,688 

3,366 

3,438 

2,386 

2,182 

442,891 

67,330 

58,552 

52,679 

50,309 

46,220 

39,488 

29,729 

46,066 

34,411 

16,188 

10,827 

1,<M,388 

224,069 

218,743 

193,791 

175,227 

164,915 

141,905 

113,662 

184,442 

115,190 

89,725 

49,733 

776,687 

119,812 

111,077 

97,023 

86,829 

77,362 

63,928 

51,258 

74,426 

45,704 

28,815 

17,808 

112,717 

11,353 

10,416 

9,115 

9,107 

9,001 

9,258 

9,903 

20,576 

14,833 

6,445 

2,605 

61,782 

326 

1,123 

1,597 

2,315 

4,335 

4,918 

4,913 

9,748 

8,219 

6,789 

7,391 

713,874 

92,439 

95,985 

85,917 

76,868 

74,119 

63,677 

47,489 

79,455 

46,232 

27,581 

21,886 

1,667,165 

241,904 

217,775 

186,069 

174,402 

159,009 

139,209 

116,018 

186,400 

122,694 

70,613 

41,045 

1,310,403 

199,142 

176,349 

148,985 

139,613 

125,836 

108,971 

90,493 

142,589 

92,236 

53,861 

30,215 

94,044 

10,201 

10,566 

10,492 

10,237 

9,141 

8,282 

7,526 

12,760 

8,926 

3,920 

1,937 

40,084 

280 

740 

866 

1,353 

3,058 

4,076 

4,161 

8,849 

7,722 

4,930 

3,900 

137,612 

18,186 

18,269 

16,208 

14,974 

14,344 

12,601 

9,662 

14,744 

9,688 

6,042 

3,303 

3,596,542 

538,984 

508,664 

456,792 

423,270 

390,078 

329,776 

268,948 

408,851 

280,369 

171,983 

110, 801 

2,602,950 

389,293 

353,946 

310,648 

285,709 

254,272 

213,634 

176,838 

259,150 

174,705 

113,191 

67,69a 

361,914 

64,322 

51,510 

48,426 

44,709 

38,180 

30,010 

24,296 

35,675 

22,378 

8,775 

3,233 

239,984 

6,196 

10,208 

12,165 

15,412 

22,332 

24,222 

22,443 

43,674 

36,962 

25,570 

20,772 

690,049 

90,067 

02,903 

85,461 

77,329 

75,109 

61,727 

45,249 

70,080 

46,087 

24,325 

19,057 

376,053 

38,323 

34,179 

29,686 

29,864 

43,147 

44,264 

36,701 

66,109 

36,149 

15,675 

9,085 

162,127 

20,167 

17,192 

14,191 

13,696 

18,433 

18,111 

14,457 

20,971 

13,247 

6,291 

3  999 

106,809 

15,841 

14,067 

12,755 

11,829 

11,974 

10,056 

8,087 

11,946 

7,047 

2,273 

846 

91,644 

746 

1,442 

1,432 

3,162 

11,399 

14,700 

12,858 

20,963 

14,188 

6,941 

3,639 

1,834 

105 

06 

95 

104 

179 

238 

218 

389 

216 

125 

47 

325,594 

40,444 

36,132 

31,902 

30,270 

31,997 

31,065 

27,007 

42,866 

29,290 

14,686 

8,940 

203,699 

31,561 

26,624 

22,323 

20,084 

19,320 

17,666 

15,053 

22,449 

15,058 

7,918 

4,737 

75,195 

8,149 

8,635 

8,685 

8,528 

8,149 

7,675 

6,487 

10,317 

6,056 

1,909 

746 

40,427 

263 

656 

582 

1,273 

3,975 

6,049 

4,804 

9,109 

7,399 

4,241 

2,997 

651 

40 

33 

19 

33 

78 

09 

78 

133 

78 

36 

22 

145,966 

15,331 

13,049 

10,829 

11,488 

19,373 

19,633 

15,093 

20,806 

12,068 

6,546 

2,796 

80,696 

10,218 

8,445 

6,942 

6,972 

10,341 

9,826 

7,466 

10,050 

5,882 

2,920 

1,469 

32,504 

4,685 

3,766 

3,210 

3,249 

4,113 

3,561 

2,800 

4,030 

2,173 

714 

291 

27,118 

206 

631 

443 

1,016 

4,009 

5,018 

3,934 

5,636 

3,602 

1,718 

948 

2,236 

109 

102 

66 

97 

428 

488 

401 

331 

137 

46 

26 

799,024 

82,562 

75,616 

69,688 

71,046 

79,050 

78,885 

69,313 

118,508 

83,259 

44,022 

26,727 

475, 136 

56,192 

49,888 

45,023 

45,013 

47,056 

44,915 

38,494 

62,286 

43,758 

24,742 

16,016 

181,428 

24,431 

21,912 

20,385 

20,401 

18,306 

15,957 

13,726 

22,749 

15,016 

5,988 

2,438 

126,861 

978 

2,847 

3,251 

4,521 

12,035 

15,821 

15,220 

28,559 

22,811 

12,581 

7,891 

11,453 

708 

755 

807 

852 

1,101 

1,384 

1,263 

2,279 

1,380 

653 

306 

327,301 

45,285 

41,026 

34,408 

32,457 

30,931 

27,923 

22,993 

39,115 

26,912 

18,071 

9,688 

256,609 

37,019 

33,386 

28,190 

28,272 

24,176 

21,060 

16,984 

28,833 

20,074 

12,272 

6,950 

26,331 

4,241 

3,482 

2,951 

2,724 

2,397 

2,084 

1,871 

3,2-13 

2,042 

869 

408 

22,654 

494 

925 

837 

1,288 

2,595 

3,054 

2,632 

4,423 

3,152 

1,883 

1,327 

1,628 

150 

134 

106 

123 

152 

206 

196 

272 

146 

80 

58 

204,364 

24,778 

21,917 

18,091 

17,389 

20,756 

21,975 

18,446 

28,327 

17,196 

9,049 

6,794 

82,468 

11,130 

9,355 

7,584 

6,876 

8,226 

8,729 

7,375 

10,666 

6,610 

3,528 

2,073 

42,176 

7,986 

6,054 

4,783 

4,355 

4,055 

3,644 

3,069 

4,404 

2,482 

918 

381 

46,824 

1,056 

2,044 

2,073 

2,778 

5,994 

7,238 

6,968 

9,426 

5,474 

2,913 

1,763 

2,009 

156 

162 

130 

136 

192 

251 

209 

420 

211 

90 

44 

373,351 

52,698 

45,875 

40,070 

37,484 

37,019 

33,785 

27,416 

41,394 

28,419 

15,563 

12,389 

171,663 

37,324 

29,774 

22,956 

18,587 

15,570 

12, 191 

8,564 

11,262 

7,662 

4,156 

2,907 

131,527 

14,401 

14,515 

15,441 

16,289 

15,283 

13,921 

11,706 

17,718 

9,261 

2,263 

621 

63,393 

425 

1,128 

1,305 

2,169 

5,393 

6,689 

6,227 

11,323 

10,950 

8,852 

8,664 

1,144 

56 

62 

55 

•  70 

117 

156 

184 

245 

109 

51 

26 

81,875 

6,383 

5,670 

4.936 

5,283 

8,038 

9,606 

9,280 

14,831 

9,240 

4,984 

3,120 

35,328 

3,855 

3,315 

2,640 

2,451 

3,182 

3,754 

3,663 

5,742 

3,534 

1,815 

1,144 

20,951 

1,896 

1,652 

1,606 

1,585 

2,061 

2,473 

2,491 

3,917 

2,137 

787 

320 

17,999 

68 

144 

129 

665 

2,109 

2,643 

2,460 

4,025 

2,694 

1,765 

1,164 

613 

26 

18 

18 

15 

41 

63 

80 

135 

84 

28 

20 

1,141,990 

108,756 

99,678 

92,802 

99,847 

122,058 

126,074 

106,963 

187,435 

117,405 

57,805 

38,573 

585,386 

66,713 

58,957 

53,068 

54,227 

61,231 

60,026 

50,064 

76,574 

52,487 

28,171 

18,910 

282,528 

37,786 

34,429 

33,243 

35,244 

30,962 

26,387 

21,471 

32,313 

20,005 

7,365 

3,105 

241,197 

1,826 

4,443 

4,937 

8,302 

25,493 

34,402 

31,160 

53,328 

41,985 

20,900 

13,479 

6,058 

289 

252 

274 

325 

642 

953 

886 

1,330 

675 

211 

111 

672,765 

60,211 

56,923 

55,776 

60,749 

70,428 

69,730 

69,263 

97, 451 

72,394 

39,962 

28,153 

416.851 

44,584 

40,775 

38,263 

39,423 

42,849 

40,821 

34,561 

55,124 

39,356 

22,742 

17, 170 

135,238 

14,085 

13, 791 

15.048 

16,649 

15,706 

13,632 

11,136 

17,291 

10,974 

4,521 

2,329 

103,001 

658 

1,584 

1.651 

3,721 

10,349 

13,477 

12,063 

21,9.38 

18,272 

10,962 

7,926 

1,492 

70 

63 

54 

67 

156 

202 

212 

371 

181 

71 

37 

2,377,549 

193,659 

176, 192 

173,945 

196,034 

234, 121 

248,426 

225,810 

375,105 

268, 171 

158, 662 

125,283 

1,106,533 

112,821 

100,262 

95,933 

100,304 

107,693 

104, 142 

92,064 

151, 171 

109,346 

68,095 

60,772 

635,889 

70,934 

62,259 

63,349 

69,869 

66,798 

62,865 

68,503 

93,458 

55,605 

21,061 

10,640 

617,250 

3,294 

8,644 

9,971 

18,080 

46,593 

63,691 

59,958 

109,524 

86,499 

58,969 

50,160 

21,646 

1,519 

1,427 

1,467 

1,752 

2,183 

2,573 

2,296 

3,880 

2,546 

1,138 

761 

136 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 
[Percentages  based  on  total  {mpnlation,  which  includes  a  small  number  of  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  13 

PER  cent  of  total  POPULATION. 

PER  CENI^-CONDENSED  AGE 

GROUPING. 

IHVI8ION  AND  STATE. 

Under 
6  years. 

5to9 

years. 

10  to  14 

years. 

16  to  19 

years. 

20  to  24 

years. 

26  to  29 
years. 

80  to 
84 

years. 

85  to  44 

years. 

46  to 
54 

years. 

66  to 
64 

years. 

66 

years 
and 
over. 

Under 
6  years. 

5  to  14 

years. 

15  to  24 
years. 

26  to  44 

years. 

45  to  64 

years. 

66 

years 

and 

over. 

TTn^ted  States 

11.6 

10.6 

9.9 

9.9 

9.8 

8.9 

7.6 

12.7 

9.1 

S.6 

4.3 

11.6 

20.6 

19.7 

29.1 

14.6 

4.S 

Geographic  divisions: 

9.8 
10.6 
10.5 
11.3 
13.6 
13.8 
14.1 
11.6 

8.6 

8.9 
9.4 

9.7 
10.6 
12.5 
12.7 
13.1 
10.4 

7.9 

8.5 
8.9 
9.4 
10.1 
11.4 
11.5 
11.6 
9.1 
7.7 

8.9 
9.3 
9.6 
10.2 
10.6 
10.8 
10.8 
8.9 
8.5 

9.4 
10.0 
9.7 
10.0 
9.8 
9.7 
9.9 
10.3 
10.2 

8.9 
9.4 
8.9 
8.8 
8.2 
8.2 
8.4 
10.1 
10.5 

8.0 
8,3 
7.7 
7.4 
6.7 
6.6 
6.9 
8.6 
9.3 

14.5 
14.0 
13.2 
12.3 
10.9 
10.6 
10.7 
13.7 
15.3 

10.5 
9.8 

10.0 
9.2 
7.6 
7.6 
7.2 
9.2 

10.9 

6.6 
5.7 
6.1 
5.6 
4.9 
4.8 
4.3 
4.8 
6.1 

6.9 
4.4 
5.1 
4.6 
3.6 
3.6 
2.8 
3.0 
4.5 

9.8 
10.6 
10.5 
11.3 
13.6 
13.8 
14.1 
11.6 

8.6 

17.4 
18.4 
19.1 
20.6 
24.0 
24.3 
24.7 
19.5 
15.6 

18.3 
19.4 
19.3 
20.2 
20.4 
20.4 
20.6 
19.2 
18.7 

31.4 
31.7 
29.8 
28.4 
25.8 
25.4 
26.0 
32.4 
35.2 

17.1 
15.4 
16.1 
14.8 
12.6 
12.4 
11.6 
14.0 
16.9 

5,9 

Middle  Atlantic 

4,4 

East  North  Central 

6.1 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

4.6 
3.6 

East  South  Central 

3.6 

West  South  Central 

2.8 
3.0 

Pacific 

4.5 

New  England: 

Maine 

9.7 
9.2 
9.6 
9.8 
10.0 
10.1 

9.9 
10.5 
11.5 

10.1 
10.2 
10.6 
10.6 
11.0 

10.9 
10.6 
10.9 
14.3 
12.6 
11.8 
11.3 

9.9 
10.6 

8.1 
13.0 
13.8 
15.1 
15.1 
14.4 
12.9 

12.9 
13.5 
14.6 
14.4 

14.7 
13.5 
14.6 
13.8 

10.2 
12.4 
10.5 
10.3 
13.8 
12.1 
14.1 
7.8 

9.5 
8.9 
8.1 

9.0 

8.6 
9.2 
8.8 
8.9 
9.1 

8.8 
9:6 
10.1 

9.2 
9.8 
9.7 
9.8 
10.6 

10.6 
10.3 
10.3 
12.1 
11.6 
10.7 
10.5 

9.5 
10.3 

7.6 
12.4 
12.1 
13.4 
13.8 
13.3 
12.1 

11.9 
12.3 
13.3 
13.6 

13,3 
13.2 
13.1 
13.1 

9.1 
11.1 

8.9 

9.5 
12.5 
10.7 
12.3 

6.9 

8.7 
8.5 

7.4 

8.7 
8.4 
8.8 
8.5 
8.7 
8.5 

8.6 
9.0 
9.3 

8.9 
9.5 
9.2 
9.2 
10.5 

10.3 
10.0 
9.8 
10.3 
10.3 
10.2 
10.0 

9.5 
10.0 

7.4 
11.5 
10.7 
12.1 
12.7 
12.1 
10.7 

11.0 
11.1 
11.8 
12.2 

11.4 
11.7 
11.2 
11.7 

7.9 
9.8 
7.4 
8.7 

10.5 
8.9 

10.7 
6.0 

8.1 
8.3 
7.3 

8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
8.8 
9.6 
9.1 

9.2 
9.3 
9.4 

9.4 
9.6 
9,7 
9.5 
10.4 

10.4 
10.1 
10,1 
9,8 
10.0 
10.4 
10.1 

9.6 
9.9 
8.5 
10.6 
10.2 
11.0 
11.4 
10.7 
10,1 

10.6 
10.9 
10.7 
10.9 

11.0 
10.6 
10,5 
10,9 

7.9 
9.3 
7.9 
8.9 
9.9 
8.6 
10.0 
6.4 

8.7 
9.0 
8.2 

8.3 
8.6 
8.1 
9.7 
9.9 
9.7 

10.3 
9.9 
9.8 

9.6 
9.3 
10.2 
9.4 
9.5 

10.4 
9.5 
9.7 
10.7 
10.8 
10.3 
9.9 

9.5 

9.6 
10.4 

9.6 
10.0 

9.5 
10.0 
10.0 
10.4 

9.4 
9.7 
9.9 
9.8 

9.6 
10.0 

9.6 
10.0 

11.5 
9.8 

13.3 
9.9 
9.5 

10.2 
9.9 
9.8 

10.7 
10.5 
9.8 

7.7 
7.8 
7.6 
9.3 
9.2 
9.1 

9.7 
9.3 
9.2 

9.0 

8.5 
9.4 
8.6 
8.2 

9.0 
8.3 
8.7 
9.8 
9.4 
8.9 
8.5 

8.6 
8.5 
10.6 
7.8 
8.8 
7,6 
7.8 
8.2 
9.2 

7.9 
8.1 
8.3 
8.3 

8.2 
8.6 
8.4 
8.5 

11.8 
9.5 

13.4 
9.9 
8.5 

10.8 
9.0 

11.7 

11.0 
10.4 
10.4 

7.2 
7,4 
7,3 
8,3 
8,2 
8.1 

8.4 
8.4 
8.0 

7.9 
7.3 
8.0 
7,5 
7,0 

7.4 
7.2 
7.6 
7.8 
7.4 
7.2 
7,2 

7.6 
7.4 
9.4 
6.6 
7.2 
6.0 
6.1 
6.6 
7.4 

6.8 
6.7 
6.4 
6.6 

6,7 
6,9 
7,0 
6,9 

9.8 
8.3 

10.3 
8.7 
7.0 
9.0 
7.3 

11.3 

9.4 

8.8 
9.5 

13.3 
14.0 
13.5 
14.9 
14.5 
14.4 

14.4 
14.4 
13.4 

13.7 
13.1 
13.6 
12.9 
12.1 

12.2 
12.4 
13.0 
11.3 
11.3 
11.6 
11.9 

13.3 
13.2 
16.1 
11.1 
11.4 
9.5 
9.6 
10.0 
11.9 

11.6 
10.8 
9.8 
10.2 

10.2 
11,1 
11,2 
10.5 

14.9 
13.2 
14.1 
14.6 
12.0 
13.9 
11.1 
18.1 

14.7 
14.6 

16.8 

11.0 
11.3 
10.7 
10.6 
10.1 
10.2 

10.1 
9.8 
9.3 

10.2 
10.3 

9.6 
10.2 

9.7 

9.3 

9.7 
9.4 
7.6 
8.4 
8.9 
9.1 

10,6 
9.8 

10.3 
8.0 
7.4 
7.3 
6.3 
7.0 
7.6 

8.4 
7.9 
7.6 
6.4 

7.4 
7.0 
7.4 
7.2 

9.6 
9.0 
8.3 

10.4 
8.2 
8.4 
7.6 

11.3 

10.3 
10.8 
11.2 

7.9 
8.0 
8.1 
6.2 
6.1 
6.2 

5.8 
5.5 
5.5 

6.6 
6.8 
5.3 
6.6 
6.8 

5.0 

6.1 
5.8 
3.8 
4.8 
5.6 
6.0 

6.6 
6,0 
6.1 
6.2 
4.6 
4.9 
4.3 
4.5 
4.4 

5.2 

5.1 
4.4 
4.3 

4.4 
4.2 
4.3 
4.4 

4.2 
4.5 
3.8 
5.5 
4.9 
4.4 
4.2 
6.1 

6.1 
6.9 
6.6 

8.2 
7.9 
8.2 
5.2 
4.6 
5.3 

4.6 
4.2 
4.3 

5.6 
5.5 
4.3 
5.6 
6.1 

4.1 
5.6 
4.6 
2.2 
3.3 
4.3 
5.2 

5.2 
4.7 
5.1 
4.1 
3.6 
3.6 
2.9 
3.1 
2.9 

4.1 
3.8 
3.1 
3.0 

2.9 
3.0 
2.5 
2.8 

2.4 
2.7 
1.9 
3.3 
3.0 
2.8 
3.3 
3.8 

3.2 
4.2 
6.3 

9.7 
9.2 
9.6 
9.8 
10.0 
10.1 

9.9 
10.5 
11.5 

10.1 
10.2 
10.6 
10.6 
11.0 

10.9 
10.6 
10.9 
14.3 
12.6 
11.8 
11.3 

9.9 
10.6 

8.1 
13.0 
13.8 
16.1 
15.1 
14.4 
12.9 

12.9 
13.6 
14.6 
14.4 

14.7 
13.5 
14.6 
13.8 

10.2 
12.4 
10.6 
10.3 
13.8 
12.1 
14.1 
7.8 

9.5 
8.9 
8.1 

17.7 
17.0 
18.0 
17.2 
17.6 
17.7 

17.4 
18.6 
19.4 

18.1 
19.3 
18.9 
19.0 
21.2 

20.9 
20.3 
20.1 
22.4 
21.7 
21.0 
20.5 

19.0 
20.3 
15.1 
24.0 
22.9 
26.4 
26.6 
25.4 
22.8 

23.0 
23.5 
25.2 
25.  S 

24.7 
24.9 
24.4 
24.8 

17.0 
20.9 
16.4 
18.2 
23.0 
19.6 
23.0 
13.0 

16.9 
16.8 
14.7 

17.1 
17.4 
16.8 
18.5 
19.5 
18.8 

19.5 
19.2 
19.2 

18.9 
18.9 
19.9 
18.9 
19.9 

20.8 
19.6 
19.9 
20.6 
20.8 
20.8 
20.0 

19.1 
19.4 
18.9 
20.0 
20.2 
20.6 
21.4 
20.7 
20.6 

19.9 
20.6 
20.6 
20.7 

20.7 
20.5 
20.1 
20.9 

19.4 
19.1 
21.1 
18.8 
19.4 
18.7 
19.9 
16.2 

19.4 
19.5 
18.1 

28.2 
29.2 
28.5 
32.5 
32.0 
31.7 

32,5 
32.1 
30.7 

30.5 
29.0 
31.0 
28.9 
27.3 

28.6 
27.9 
29.2 
29.0 
28.1 
27.7 
27.7 

29.4 
29.1 
36.1 
25.5 
27.5 
23.1 
23.4 
24.7 
28.5 

26.3 
25.5 
24.6 
25.0 

25.1 
26.6 
26.6 
25,9 

36.5 
31.0 
37.8 
33.1 
27.5 
33.6 
27.6 
41.2 

35.1 
33.7 
35.6 

18.9 
19.2 
18.8 
16.7, 
16.2 
16.3 

16.0 
16.2 
14.8 

16.8 
17.0 
16.0 
16.9 
15.4 

14.3 
15.8 
15.1 
11.3 
13.2 
14.4 
15.1 

17.2 
15.8 
16.4 
13.2 
12.0 
12.2 
10.6 
11.6 
12.0 

13,6 
13,0 
11,9 
10.7 

11.8 
11.2 
11.7 
11.6 

13.8 
13.5 
12,1 
15.9 
13.1 
12.8 
11.8 
17.4 

15.3 
16.7 
17.8 

8.2 

New  Hampshire    

7.9 

8.2 

5.2 

Rhode  Island 

4,6 

Oonpnflti'^lit 

5.3 

Middle  Atlantic: 

4.6 

New  Jersey 

4.3 

P<<TiTi,«!yly(iTiift 

4,3 

East  Nokth  Central: 

Ohio 

5.5 

Tnd'ftTia. .                           . 

6.6 

Illinois 

4.3 

Michigan.. 

6.6 

Wisconsin.. 

5,1 

West  North  Centeal: 

4.1 

Iowa 

5.6 

Missouri.... 

4.6 

North  Dakota 

2.2 

South  Dakota 

3.3 

Nebraska 

4,3 

6,2 

Delaware 

6.3 

Maryland 

4.7 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

5.1 
4.1 

West  Virginia 

3.5 

North  Carolina 

3.5 

South  Carolina 

2,9 

Greorgia 

8.1 

Florida 

2.9 

East  South  Central: 

4.1 

Tennessee. 

3.8 

Alabama. 

3,1 

Mississippi 

3.0 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas... 

2.9 

Louisiana 

3.0 

Oklahoma... 

2.5 

Tftrns 

2.8 

Mountain: 

Mont,iuift 

2.4 

Tdftho 

2.7 

Wyoming 

1.9 

Colorado 

3.3 

New  Mexico 

3.0 

Arizona 

Z8 

Utah 

3.3 

Nevada 

3.8 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

3,3 

Oregon.. 

4.3 

California 

5.3 

AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


137 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1910. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  include  x>ersons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  14 


DIVISION  AND  AOE  PERIOD. 


TTinXED  STATES 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

IS  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Ail  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years '. .  - 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  agei,  percent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  percent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  tind  over 

WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


UBBAN  POPX7LATION. 


All  classes. 


42,623,383 
4,200,291 
7,401,325 
8,573,829 

14,168,853 
6,487,864 
1,693,010 

100.0 
9.9 
17.4 
20.1 
33.2 
15.2 
4.0 


6,455,346 
638,000 
947,287 
1,026,549 
1,759,621 
901,122 
277,456 

100.0 
9.9 
17.4 
18.8 
32.3 
16.5 
5.1 


13,723,373 

1,436,005 
2,448,930 
2,764,229 
4,553,112 
2,020,374 
492,371 

100.0 
10.6 
17.8 
20.1 
33.2 
14.7 
3.6 


9,617,271 
944,123 
1,651,950 
1,947,443 
3,170,607 
1,487,934 
394,406 

100.0 
9.8 
17.2 
20.2 
33.0 
15.5 
4.1 


3,873,716 
347,875 
640,260 
813,681 

1,285,047 
604,630 
167,438 

100.0 

9.0 
16.5 
21.0 
33.2 
15.6 

4.3 


Native  white. 


Native 
parentage. 


17, 849, 644 
2,044,886 
3,486,880 
3,659,032 
5,330,953 
2,495,622 
771,790 

100.0 
11.5 
19.5 
20.5 
29.9 
14.0 
4.3 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


1,847,484 
180,154 
316,556 
314,402 
620,729 
356,745 
165,660 

100.0 
9.8 
17.1 
17.0 
28.2 
19.3 
8.'4 


4,718,463 
566,112 
970,633 
960,188 

1,371,234 
635,530 
105,091 

100.0 
12.0 
20.6 
20.5 
29.1 
13.5 
4.1 


4,014,669 

490,769 
804,660 
836,424 
1,173,973 
533,870 
160,117 

100.0 

12.2 
20.0 
20.8 
29.2 
13.3 
4.0 


1,984,327 

226,198 
386,013 
431,267 
586,908 
263,554 
79,061 

100.0 

11.4 
19.5 
21.7 
29.6 
13.3 
4.0 


12,346,900 
1,846,699 
2,950,392 
2,673,889 
3,415,057 
1,318,912 
135,454 

100.0 

15.0 
23.9 
21.7 
27.7 
10.7 
1.1 


1.865,893 
337,637 
532,659 
391,775 
432,411 
156,587 
14,132 

100.0 

18.1 
28.6 
21.0 
23.2 
8.4 
0.8 


4,606,981 
810,970 

1,186,653 
938,009 

1,164,585 
465,049 
48,770 

100.0 

17.6 
25.8 
20.4 
25.1 
10.1 
1.1 


,177,692 
420,255 
717,648 
737,474 
920,612 
346,557 
33,544 

100.0 
13.2 
22.6 
23.2 
29.0 
10.9 
1.1 


1,090,069 

106,671 
207,877 
266,409 
363,362 
131,647 
13,262 

100.0 

9.8 
19.1 
24.4 
33.3 
12.1 

1.2 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


9, 635, 369 
75,372 

503,771 
1,644,462 
4,390,378 
2,299,020 

706,918 

100.0 
0.8 
5.2 
17.1 
45.6 
23.9 
7.3 


1,676,590 
14,809 
88,655 
308,010 
780,111 
377,263 
105,522 

100.0 
0.9 
5.3 
18.4 
46.6 
22.5 
6.3 


4,049,477 
31,338 
246,494 
780,752 

1,873,600 
873,363 
240,431 

100.0 

0.8 
6.1 
19.3 
46.3 
21.6 
6.9 


2,189,291 

16,672 
97,773 
328,309 
979,546 
570,994 
192,888 

100.0 

0.8 
4.5 
15.0 
44.7 
26.1 
8.8 


631,696 

3,842 
22,767 
81,893 
268,157 
184,245 
69,273 

100.0 

0.6 
3.6 
13.0 
42.5 
29.2 
11.0 


Negro. 


229,080 
454,219 
578,299 
985,374 
351,269 
77,435 

100.0 
8.5 
16.9 
21.5 
36.6 
13.1 
2.9 


60,877 
6,261 
9,190 
10,775 
24,044 
9,412 
2,060 

100.0 

8.6 
15.1 
17.7 
39.5 
16.6 

3.4 


339,246 

27,364 
45,802 
65,142 
147,962 
43,898 
7,996 

100.0 
8.1 
13.5 
19.2 
43.6 
12.9 
2.4 


230,542 

16,230 
31,493 
44,399 
94,019 
3.5,406 
7,785 

100.0 
7.0 
13.7 
19.3 
40.8 
15.4 
3.4 


164,301 

11,017 
23,235 
33,118 
65,410 
24,632 
5,811 

100.0 

6.7 
14.1 
20.2 
39.8 
16.0 

3.5 


KURAL  POPITLATION. 


All  classes. 


49,348,883 
6,431,073 

11,466,447 
9,546,758 

12,641,022 
6,936,226 
2,266,514 

100.0 
13.0 
23.2 
19.3 
26.6 
14.1 
4.6 


1,097,336 
102,825 
193,211 
173,017 
297,615 
222,553 
106,572 

100.0 
9.4 
17.6 
16.8 
27.1 
20.3 
9.7 


6,692,519 
614,134 

1,096,394 
987, 147 

1,573,089 
966,687 
358,789 

100.0 
11.0 
19.6 
17.7 
28.1 
17.1 
6.4 


8,633,360 

963,590 
1,828,768 
1,581,769 
2,265,967 
1,448,174 

53.5,408 

100.0 
11.2 
21.2 
18.3 
26.2 
16.8 
6.2 


7,764,205 

963,034 
1,760,115 
1,634,069 
2,018,021 
1,113,603 

365,185 

100.0 

12.4 
22.7 
19.8 
26.0 
14.3 
4.7 


Native  white. 


Native 
parentage 


31,638,931 
4,501,396 
7,698,418 
6,112,945 
7,615,488 
4,244,378 
1,429,278 

100.0 
14.2 
24.3 
19.3 
24.1 
13.4 
4.5 


766,935 
70,471 
133,360 
116,465 
193,093 
163,750 
87,854 

100.0 
9.2 
17.4 
15.2 
26.2 
21.4 
11.6 


3,744,498 
428,335 
796,291 
669,765 
953,786 
635,101 
259,688 

100.0 
11.4 
21.3 
17.9 
26.6 
17.0 
6.9 


6,737,299 

761,482 

1,364,200 

1,089,823 

1,359,274 

836,819 

318,966 

100.0 
13.3 
23.8 
19.0 
23.7 
14.6 
5.6 


4,^39,360 
691,030 

1, 144, 790 
891,049 

1,051,172 
665,869 
189,510 

100.0 
15.2 
25.2 
19.6 
23.2 
12.5 
4.2 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


6,550,937 

827,426 

1,601,052 

1,404,794 

1,795,052 

798,474 

120, 132 

100.0 
12.6 
24.4 
21.4 
27.4 
12.2 
1.8 


186, 816 
30,312 
52,019 
34,363 
42,827 
22,915 
4,302 

100.0 

16.2 
27.8 
18.4 
22.9 
12.3 
2.3 


985,331 

172,477 
245,184 
167, 158 
232,040 
141,234 
26,712 

100.0 
17.6 
24.9 
17.0 
23.6 
14.3 
2.7 


1,930,742 

188,451 
417,653 
401,442 
582,551 
295,454 
44,147 

100.0 
9.8 
21.6 
20.8 
30.2 
16.3 
2.3 


,124,634 

253,607 
557,361 
524, 177 
575, 752 
190,385 
22,020 

100.0 

11.9 
26.2 
24.7 
27.1 
9.0 
1.0 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


3,710,176 

27,135 

153,0f)8 

459,680 

1,489,601 

1,093,498 

476,431 

100.0 
0.7 
4.1 
12.4 
40.1 
29.5 
12.8 


137,796 
1,296 
6,563 
20,870 
59,707 
34,846 
14,018 

100.0 
0.9 
4.8 
15.1 
43.3 
25.3 
10.2 


776,702 

6,669 
38,582 
131,823 
360,017 
168,851 
68,756 

100.0 
0.9 
6.0 
17.0 
46.4 
21.7 
8.9 


877,929 

4,226 

28,053 

74,213 

301, 151 

301,977 

166,670 

100.0 
0.6 
3.2 
8.5 
34.3 
34.4 
19.0 


981,535 

4,741 

31,417 

95,618 

360,861 

3.'i9,258 

147, 141 

100.0 
0.5 
3.2 
9.7 
36.8 
34.6 
16.0 


Negro. 


7,138,634 
1,034,208 
1,947,600 
1,512,912 
1,652,804 
756,844 
216,689 

100.0 
14.6 
27.3 
21.2 
23.2 
10.6 
3.0 


6,429 

615 

1,011 

1,042 

1,636 

807 

306 

100.0 
11.3 
18.6 
19.2 
30.1 
14.0 
5.6 


78.624 
7,934 
14,872 
16,228 
25,507 
10,560 
3,334 

100.0 
10.1 
18.9 
20.6 
32.4 
13.4 
4.2 


70,294 
7,198 
14,564 
13,286 
19,088 
11,399 
4,548 

100.0 
10.2 
20.7 
18.9 

27.2 
16.2 
6.5 


78,361 
8,110 
16,940 
16,059 
20,818 
11,964 
4,143 

100.0 
10.3 
21.6 
20.5 
26.6 
16.3 
5.3 


138 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE   PERIODS  OF  THE  URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1910— Continued. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  Include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  14— Continued. 


DIVISIOK  AND  AGE   PEBIOD. 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years '.. 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

MOUNTAIN. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

PACIFIC. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


URBAN  POPXTLATION. 


All  classes. 


3,092,153 
310,326 
565,652 
651,486 

1,002,809 
440,274 
112,595 

100.0 

10.0 
18.3 
21.1 
32.4 
14.2 
3.6 


1,574,229 
150,790 
284,059 
332,823 
518,682 
226,608 
56,338 

100.0 

9.6 
18.0 
21.1 
32.9 
14.4 

3.6 


1,957,456 
200,222 
376,269 
412,801 
642, 181 
257, 151 
61,059 

100.0 

10.2 
19.2 
21.1 
32.8 
13.1 
3.1 


947,511 
91,296 
161,696 
184,021 
335,189 
141,852 
29,379 

100.0 

9.6 
17.1 
19.4 
.35.4 
15.0 

3.1 


2,382,329 
181,654 
325,222 
451,796 
901,605 
407,919 
101,969 

100.0 

7.6 
13.7 
19.0 
37.8 
17.1 

4.3 


Native  white. 


Native 
parentage. 


1, 675, 819 
187,598 
324,652 
355,824 
516,564 
226,718 
61,007 

100.0 

11.2 
19.4 
2L2 
30.8 
13.5 
3.6 


856,826 
98,038 
172, 136 
186,395 
261,039 
109,944 
27,210 

100.0 

11.4 
20.1 
2L8 
30.5 
12.8 
3.2 


1, 142, 636 

134,255 
239,007 
247,346 
353,871 
133,240 
bO,  179 

100.0 

11.7 
20.9 
21.6 
3L0 
11.7 
2.6 


491, 829 
57,305 
94,443 
97,817 

160,820 
64,216 
14,344 

100.0 

11.7 
19.2 
19.9 
32.7 
13.1 
2.9 


1, 117, 591 
104, 457 
178, 780 
220,369 
386,825 
171,805 
49, 121 

100.0 
9.3 
16.0 
19.7 
34.5 
15.4 
4.4 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


313,415 
37,393 
62,156 
58,819 
96,571 
51,063 
7,140 

100.0 

11.9 
19.8 
18.8 
30.8 
16.3 
2.3 


149,982 
9,392 
20,733 
27,697 
69,276 
29,917 
2,955 

100.0 

6.3 
13.8 
18.4 
39.6 
19.9 

2.0 


236,289 

23,538 
43,885 
46,643 
81, 523 
36,368 
4,103 

100.0 

10.0 
18.6 
19.7 
34.6 
15.4 
1.7 


259, 131 
31,360 
57,535 
59,078 
81,540 
26,893 
2,492 

100.0 

12.1 
2?.  2 
22.8 
31.5 
10.4 
1.0 


648, 448 

69,483 

121,246 

148,085 

225, 177 

74,841 

9,056 

100.0 

10.7 
18.7 
22.8 
34.7 
11.5 
1.4 


Foieign- 
bom 
white. 


191,756 
1,582 
10,826 
29,990 
81.696 
47,402 
19,820 

100.0 

0.8 
6.6 
15.6 
42.6 
24.7 
10.3 


57,932 

237 
2,049 
5,649 
20,366 
19,398 
10, 152 

100.0 

0.4 
3.5 
9.8 
36.1 
33.6 
17.5 


136, 808 
1,885 
9,367 
19,395 
64,139 
37,027 
14,542 

100.0 

1.4 
6.8 
14.2 
39.6 
27.1 
10.6 


173,331 
1,373 
7,503 
23,225 
82,011 
46,439 
12,005 

100.0 

0.8 
4.3 
13.4 
47.3 
26.8 
6.9 


628,488 

3,634 
19,338 
67,239 
250,862 
142,889 
42,285 

100.0 

0.7 
3.7 
12.7 
47.5 
27.0 
8.0 


Negro. 


909,520 
83,710 
167,954 
206,667 
307, 169 
114,604 
24,599 

100.0 

9.2 
18.6 
22.7 
33.8 
12.6 

2.7 


509,097 
43, 105 
89,109 

113,114 

177,844 
67,249 
16,016 

100.0 

8.5 
17.5 
22.2 
34.9 
13.2 

3.1 


435, 838 
39,826 
82,683 
98,265 

151,013 
49,658 
12, 130 

100.0 

9.1 
19.0 
22.6 
34.6 
11.4 

2.8 


15,446 

978 
1,873 
2,506 
7,057 
2,460 

374 

100.0 

6.3 
12.1 
16.8 
45.7 
16.9 

2.4 


24,362 

1,589 
2,880 
4,223 
10,866 
3,940 
674 

100.0 

6.5 
11.8 
17.3 
44.6 
16.2 

2.8 


EURAL  POPULATION. 


All  classes. 


9,102,742 
1,346,893 
2,366,256 
1,831,831 
2,139,386 
1,090,296 
327,033 

100.0 

14.8 
26.9 
20.1 
23.6 
12.0 
3.6 


6,835,672 

1,009,681 
1,756,136 
1,386,406 
1,616,802 
816,469 
240,951 

100.0 

14.8 
25.7 
20.3 
23.6 
11.9 
3.5 


6, 827, 078 
1,035,436 
l,7g5>095 
1,399,748 
1,640,878 
759, 787 
186,418 

100.0 

15.2 
26.3 
20.5 
24.0 
11.1 
2.7 


1,686,006 

214,508 
351,378 
321,530 
617,822 
226, 176 
49,138 

100.0 

12.7 
20.8 
19.1 
30.7 
13.4 
2.9 


1,809,975 
180,972 
330,094 
331,241 
572, 452 
302,480 
88,020 

100.0 

10.0 
18.2 
18.3 
31.6 
16.7 
4.9 


Native  white. 


Native 
parentage 


5, 665, 386 

840,214 

1,421,466 

1, 114, 190 

1,347,904 

718, 799 

217,960 

100.0 

14.8 
26.1 
19.7 
23.8 
12.7 
3.8 


4,595,666 
698,659 

1, 167, 513 
915, 728 

1,082,364 
560,806 
166,274 

100.0 

15.2 
25.4 
19.9 
23.6 
12.2 
3.6 


4,624,813 
743,383 

1,228,936 
942, 139 

1,089,426 
499, 594 
116,344 

100.0 

16.1 
26.6 
20.4 
23.6 
10.8 
2.5 


974,795 
150, 161 
233,  .384 
188, 438 
259, 747 
115,249 
24, 951 

100.0 

15.4 
23.9 
19.3 
26.6 
11.8 
2.6 


991, 179 

119,661 
208, 478 
185, 358 
278, 722 
148,392 
47,731 

100.0 

12.1 
21.0 
18.7 
28.1 
16.0 
4.8 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


126, 428 
17,293 
26,072 
21,628 
35,301 
21, 119 
4,932 

100.0 

13.7 
20.6 
17.1 
27.9 
16.7 
3.9 


64,995 
6,656 
11,450 
11,378 
20,658 
13,086 
2,699 

100.0 

8.7 
17.6 
17.5 
31.8 
20.1 

4.2 


368,994 
56,138 

104, 176 
81,285 
87, 752 
34,649 
4,744 

100.0 

15.2 
28.2 
22.0 
23.8 
9.4 
1.3 


357,790 

50,170 
86,264 
76,220 
106,292 
35,042 
3,558 

100.0 

14.0 
24.1 
21.3 
29.7 
9.8 
1.0 


405.207 
53.322 

100,873 
87,143 

111,879 
44,690 
7,018 

100.0 

13.2 
24.9 
21.5 
27.6 
11.0 
1.7 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


98, 799 
993 

6,027 
16,909 
44,506 
21,605 

9,269 

100.0 

1.0 

6.1 

17.1 

46.0 

2L9 

9.4 


28,925 

189 
1,301 
2,781 
9,617 
9,543 
5,415 

100.0 

0.7 
4.5 
9.6 
33.2 
33.0 
18.7 


211,951 
4,024 
18,068 
31,011 
79,295 
58,995 
19,704 

100.0 

1.9 
8.5 
14.6 
37.4 
27.8 
9.3 


263,579 
2,853 
12.105 
41,156 

125, 768 
63,725 
16, 178 

100.0 

1.1 

4.6 
15.6 
47.7 
24.2 

6.1 


332,960 
2,144 
11,892 
46,299 

148, 679 
94,698 
29,280 

100.0 

0.6 
3.6 
13.6 
44.7 
28.4 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


139 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 

[Totala  for  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  15 

aTT  ANP  AGE  PERIOD. 


Albany,  N.  Y. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  agres,  per  cent — 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent — 

Under  5  years 

fi  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Baltimore,  Md. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

£  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent — 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Birmingham,  Ala. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent — 
Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Boston,  Mass. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  i)er  cent. , . . 

Under  5  years , 

5  to  14  years , 

15  to  24  years , 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


100,253 

T,603 
14.904 
18,668 
35,039 
18,524 

5,427 

100.0 

7.6 

14  9 

1&6 

35.0 

•      l&S 

&4 


1(4,839 

15,589 
26,986 
34,574 
52,824 
20;L03 
4,564 

100. 0 

lai 

17.4 
22.3 
341 
13.0 
2.9 


5S8,4» 

51,986 
98,124 
112,966 
180,041 
91,095 
23,578 

100.0 

a3 

17.6 
2a2 
32  2 
1&3 
42 


132,685 

14,202 
24,324 
28,560 
46,917 
15,518 
2,763 

100.0 

la  7 

1&3 
2L5 
35.4 
1L7 
2.1 


670,585 
63,725 
112,095 
123,016 
235,267 
108,739 
27,068 

100.0 
9.5 
16.7 

ia3 

35.1 
16.  2 
40 


44,473 
4,761 
8,907 
9,574 

13,298 
5,946 
1,956 

100.0 

ia7 
2ao 

2L5 
29:9 
13.4 
44 


91,987 

10, 174 
16,521 
20,105 
30,479 
11,776 
2,843 

100.0 
ILl 
l&O 
2L9 
33.1 
12.8 
3.1 


261,474 
28,966 
52,963 
67,671 
76,779 
35,127 
9,669 

100.0 

ILl 
2a3 
22.1 
2a4 
13.4 
3.7 


88,312 
8,212 
12,905 
14,016 
22,105 
7,505 
1,467 

100.0 
12  4 
1ft  5 
2L1 
33.3 
1L3 
2.2 


157,870 
16,524 
27,237 
27,994 
47,565 
27,816 
10,348 

100.0 

las 

17.3 
17.7 
30.1 
17.6 
&6 


or  mixed  j 
parentage 


36,533 

2,687 
5,186 
6,655 
14,422 
6,817 
742 

100.0 

7.4 
14  2 
1&2 
3ft  5 
1&7 

ZO 


6,464 

748 

1,292 

1,298 

2,098 

900 

123 

100.0 
1L6 

2ao 

2ai 

3Z5 

13.9 

L9 


134,870 
15,916 
27,910 
26,011 
39,561 
22,626 
2,745 

100.0 
1L8 
2a7 
1ft  3 
29.3 
ia8 
20 


8,357 
1,348 
2,138 
1,815 
2,135 
821 
96 

100.0 
l&l 
25.6 
2L7 
K.5 
ft  8 
1.1 


257,104 

44,711 
71,536 
52,750 
63,005 
22,978 
2,045 

100.0 

17.4 
27.8 
20.5 
24  5 
&9 

as 


Foreign- 

bora 

Negro. 

v?hite. 

18,165 

1,037 

117 

35 

668 

142 

2,223 

213 

6,873 

418 

5,570 

181 

2,687 

42 

100.0 

100.0 

a  6 

3.4 

3.7 

13.7 

12.2 

2a5 

37.8 

4a3 

3a7 

17.5 

14  8 

41 

4,410 

51,902 

42 

4,622 

279 

8,891 

716 

12,451 

2,016 

18,204 

1.028 

6,364 

313 

1,281 

100.0 

100.0 

LO 

&9 

&3 

17.1 

1&2 

240 

46.7 

35.1 

23.3 

12  3 

7.1 

25 

77,043 

84,749 

474 

6,628 

4,676 

12,567 

11,432 

17,820 

31,287 

32,230 

20,386 

12,838 

8,707 

2,452 

100.0 

100.0 

ao 

7.8 

dl 

14  8 

14  8 

21.0 

4a6 

38.0 

26.6 

15.1 

1L3 

Z9 

6,700 

58,306 

44 

4,698 

372 

8,909 

859 

11,867 

2,603 

20,069 

1,488 

5,701 

332 

868 

100.0 

100.0 

as 

8.8 

&6 

17.0 

l&l 

227 

45.7 

38.4 

26.1 

lao 

5.8 

L7 

240,722 

13,664 

1,611 

942 

11,719 

1,568 

39,916 

2,203 

117,552 

6,407 

55,494 

2,104 

14,338 

324 

100.0 

100.0 

ae 

6.9 

49 

11.6 

16.6 

16  2 

48.8 

47.2 

23.1 

15.5 

6.0 

Z4 

CITY  AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Bridgeport,  Cons. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to64 years 

65  years  and  over 


Buflalo,  N.  Y. 

All  ages,  number. . 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


Cambridge,  Mass. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  5  years 

5to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


Chicago,  HI. 

All  ages,  number. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  H  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years'. 

45  to  (vj  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  6  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


All  ages,  number. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 
classes. 


102,054 
10,608 
17,158 
20,859 
35,495 
14,535 
3,323 

100.0 

la  4 

16.8 

2a4 

34  8 
14  2 
3.3 


423,715 

42,257 
77,449 
87,106 
136,731 
65,476 
14,362 

100.0 

lao 

18.3 
20.6 
32.3 
15.6 
3.4 


104,839 
10,802 
18,363 
19,338 
34,901 
16,732 
4,642 

100.0 

las 

17.6 
18.4 
33.3 
16.0 
4  4 


2,185,283 

223,707 
377,093 
4.'>9, 185 
749, 461 
307.411 
60,228 

100.0 

ia2 

17.3 
21.0 
34  3 
141 
2.8 


363,591 

29,172 
65,825 
74263 
124,568 
63,103  I 
15,926 

100.0 
8.0 
15.4 
20.4 
34  3 
17.4 
44 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native      Foreign 
parent-    or  mixed 
age.      I  parentage 


27,156 

2,759 
4,884 
5,194 
8,378 
4,408 
1,517 

100.0 

ia2 
lao 

19.1 

3a9 

16.2 
5.6 


119,692 

15,870 
26,906 
28,152 
34,288 
11,349 
2,917 

100.0 
13.3 
22.5 
23.6 
28.6 
ft  5 
2.4 


25,615 
2,890 
4,448 
4476 
7,086 
4,721 
1,979 

100.0 

11.3 
17.4 
17.5 
27.7 
18.4 
7.7 


445,139 

63,281 
89,886 
89,143 
133, 136 
51,019 
12,446 

100.0 

142 
20.2 
20.0 
29.9 
11.5 
2.8 


164,937 
20,251 
35, 118 
38,744 
42,843 
14, 194 
3,363 

100.0 
13.1 

22.7 
25.0 
27.7 
ft  2 
2.2 


37,314 

7,439 
10,297 
7,610 
8,688 
3,075 


100.0 
1ft  9 
27.6 
2a4 
23.3 

a2 
as 


183,673 

25,409 
45,223 
41,273 
48,104 
21,998 
1,608 

100.0 

13.8 
24.6 
22.5 
26.2 
12.0 
a  9 


39,794 
7,219 

11,594 
8,586 
8,908 
3,161 
316 

100.0 

18.1 
29.1 
21.6 
22.4 
7.9 

as 


912,701 

152, 194 
245,962 
231,040 
220,256 
59,149 
3,584 

100.0 
16.7 
26.9 
25.3 
24.1 
6.5 
a  4 


132,190 
7,422 
16,451 
25, 587 
53,602 
26,907 
2,148 

100.0 

5.6 
12.4 
1ft  4 
40.5 
20.4 

1.6 


Foreign- 
bora 
white. 


36,180 

292 
1,789 
7,806 
17,811 
6,857 
1,574 

100.0 

as 

49 
21.6 
49  2 
1ft  0 

44 


118,444 

880 
5,114 
17,353 
53,429 
31,802 
9,795 

100.0 

a  7 

43 

14  7 
45.1 
26.8 
8.3 


34,608 

211 

1,491 

5,432 

17, 134 
8,107 
2,202 

100.0 

a  6 

43 
15.7 
4ft  6 
23.4 

6.4 


781,217 

5,765 
36,888 
131,216 
372,650 
190,374 
43,291 

100.0 

a  7 

4  7 
16.8 
47.7 
24  4 

5.5 


56,792 

350 
2,010 
5,996 
19,426 
19,006 


100.0 

a  6 

3.5 

lao 

34.2 
33.5 
17.5 


Negro. 


140 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  191(>-Contd. 

[Totals  toe  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  15— Continu«d. 

OTT  AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 

AU  ages,  number. . . 
Under  6  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Colombus,  Ohio. 

All  ages,  number. . . 
Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65yeais  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  "and  over 

Dayton,  Ohio 

AU  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Denver,  Colo. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Detroit,  Mich. 

All  ages,  nimiber . . . 

Under  6  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

S  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 
classes. 


560,663 

62,512 
97, 481 
114.971 
192,924 
75,332 
16,790 

100.0 
11.1 
17.4 
20.5 
34.4 
13.4 
3.0 


181,511 

14,337 
26,934 
36,774 
65,495 
30,436 
7,232 

100.0 
7.9 
14.8 
20.3 
36.1 
16.8 
4.0 


116,677 

10,647 
17,943 
22,751 
40,303 
19,791 
5,111 

100.0 
9.1 
15.4 
19.6 
34.6 
17.0 
4.4 


213,381 

16,879 
32,504 
40,374 
77,659 
37,375 
7,703 

100.0 

7.9 
15.2 
18.9 
36.4 
17.5 

3.6 


465,766 

48, 715 
77,658 
99,231 
158,858 
65,166 
15,306 

100.0 
10.5 
16.7 
21.3 
34.1 
14.0 
3.3 


NATIVE  TVHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


132,314 

18, 693 
27, 175 
26,680 
40,876 
14, 715 
3,706 

100.0 

14.1 
20.5 
20.2 
30.9 
11.1 
2.8 


116,846 

10,879 
19, 777 
25,483 
39,810 
16,724 
3,930 

100.0 
9.3 
16.9 
21.8 
34.1 
14.3 
3.4 


72,301 

7,922 
13,065 
15,291 
23,104 
10,264 

2,644 

100.0 
11.0 
18.1 
21.1 
32.0 
14.2 
3.7 


106,945 

9,867 
17,684 
21,024 
37, 137 
16,648 

3,983 

100.0 
9.2 
16.5 
19.7 
34.7 
15.6 
3.7 


115, 106 
16,615 
22,622 
24,958 
34,755 
12,328 
3,209 

100.0 
14.4 
19.7 
21.7 
30.2 
10.7 
2.8 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


223,908 

41,633 
57,855 
51, 787 
55,410 
15,854 
1,328 

100.0 

18.6 
25.8 
23.1 
24.7 
7.1 
0.6 


35,578 

2,527 
4,920 
6,786 
13,388 
7,084 
862 

100.0 
7.1 
13.8 
19.1 
37.6 
19.9 
2.4 


25,559 
2,243 
3,657 
4,590 
9,292 
5,237 
536 

100.0 

8.8 
14.3 
18.0 
36.4 
20.5 

2.1 


61,185 

6,474 
12,633 
13,958 
19,706 

7,605 
747 

100.0 
10.6 
20.6 
22.8 
32.2 
12.4 
1.2 


188,255 
30,054 
46,242 
46,371 
49,464 
14, 726 
1,345 

100.0 
16.0 
24.6 
24.6 
26.3 
7.8 
0.7 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


195, 703 

1,662 
11,500 
34,857 
92,530 
43,484 
11,550 

100.0 

0.8 

5.9 

17.8 

47.3 

22.2 

5.9 


16,285 

91 
652 
1,848 
6,823 
4,754 
2,105 

100.0 

0.6 
4.0 
11.3 
41.9 
29.2 
12.9 


13, 847 

107 
604 
1,948 
5,872 
3,536 
1,775 

100.0 
0.8 
4.4 
14.1 
42.4 
25.5 
12.8 


38,941 

200 
1,526 
4,306 
17,'884 
12,050 
2,819 

100.0 
0.5 
3.9 
11.1 
45.9 
30.9 
7.2 


156,565 

1,715 
8,099 
26,802 
72,049 
37, 191 
10,572 

100.0 

1.1 

5.2 
17.1 
46.0 
23.8 


Negro. 


8,448 

519 

938 

1,612 

3,970 

1,185 

204 

100.0 

6.1 
11.1 
19.1 
47.0 
14.0 

2.4 


12,739 
836 
1,578 
2,644 
5,449 
1,861 
334 

100.0 
6.6 
12.4 
20.8 
42.8 
14.6 
2.6 


4,842 
374 
616 
919 

2,020 
746 
156 

100.0 

7.7 
12.7 
19.0 
41.7 
15.4 

3.2 


5,426 

313 
632 
933 
2,466 
920 
142 

100.0 

5.8 
11.6 
17.2 
45.4 
17.0 

2.6 


6,741 
330 
685 
1,081 
2,550 
899 
174 

100.0 
6.7 
11.9 
18.8 
44.4 
15.7 
3.0 


QTYAND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Fall  River,  Mass. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 

AU  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

AU  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

AU  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

AU  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

AU  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

AU  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

AU  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

AU  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 
classes. 


119,296 

13,997 
24,287 
24,084 
35,981 
16,927 
4,005 

100.0 

11.7 
20.4 
20.2 
30.2 
14.2 
3.4 


112,571 

11,280 
19, 187 
22,371 
35,856 
18,496 
5,233 

100.0 
10.0 
17.0 
19.9 
31.9 
16.4 
4.6 


233, 660 

18, 697 
35,646 
45,314 
83,848 
39,712 
9,951 

100.0 
8.0 
15.3 
19.4 
36.9 
17.0 
4.3 


267,779 

29,457 
52,398 
53,484 
88,145 
36,340 
7,752 

100.0 
ILO 
19.6 

2ao 

32.9 
13.6 
2L9 


248,381 

18,598 
34, 138 
50,379 
93,941 
39,673 
8,641 

100.0 

7.5 
13.7 
2a3 
37.8 
l&O 

3.5 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


16,858 

2,563 
3,840 
2,764 
3,475 
2,307 
905 

100.0 

16.2 
24.2 
17.4 
21.9 
14.5 
6.7 


40,777 

4,912 
7,199 
7,990 
12,393 
6,312 
1,868 

100.0 

12.0 
17.7 
19.6 
30.4 
15.5 
4.6 


160,593 
14,277 
26, 195 
30,990 
50,610 
22,597 
6,571 

100.0 
9.5 
17.4 
20.6 
33.6 
15.0 
3.7 


74, 861 
11, 362 
19,830 
16,135 
18,656 
6,991 
1,764 

100.0 
15.2 
26.5 
2L6 
249 
9.3 
2.4 


163,717 

13,110 
23,011 
32,480 
54,891 
22,591 
5,086 

100.0 
8.5 
15.0 
2L1 
35.7 
14  7 

as 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


62, 125 

10,867 
17,086 
11,404 
10, 159 
2,456 
149 

100.0 

20.8 
32.8 
21.9 
19.6 
4.7 
0.3 


42,767 
6,0% 
10, 575 
10,602 
11,250 
3,858 
373 

100.0 

143 
24.7 
248 
26.3 
9.0 
0.9 


41,420 

2,794 
5,859 
7,788 
16,424 
7,722 
811 

100.0 

6.7 
141 
18.8 
39.7 
18.6 

2.0 


109,101 

17,004 
28,394 
23,675 
29,758 
9,534 
708 

100.0 

15.6 
26.0 
2L7 
27.3 

87 

ae 


45,633 

4,092 
7,536 
9,963 
16,857 
6,494 
642 

100.0 
9.0 
16.5 
21.8 
36l9 
14  2 
L4 


Foreign- 
Iwm 
white. 


60, 874 
542 
3,318 
9,842 
22,141 
12,078 
2,947 

100.0 

1.1 

6.5 
19.3 
43.5 
23.7 

6.8 


28,335 

235 

1,337 

3,666 

11,942 
8,178 
2,953 

100.0 
0.8 
47 
12.9 
42.1 
28.9 
10.4 


19,767 
68 
543 
2,274 
8,053 
5,878 
2,913 

100.0 
0.3 
2.7 
11.5 
40.7 
29.7 
147 


77,697 
530 

3.311 
12,611 
37,002 
19,004 

5,198 

100.0 

a7 

43 
16.2 
47.6 
245 

6.7 


26,327 

174 
1,116 
3,218 
10,989 
7,340 
2,422 

100.0 
0.7 
44 
12  7 
43.4 
29.0 

ae 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


141 


DrSTRUBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910— Contd. 

[Totals  for  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  15— Continued. 

OTT  AKD  AOE  PEBIOB. 


Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

€5  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Louisville,  Ky. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  G4  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  yeaib  and  over 

Lowell,  Man. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  yeare 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Memphis,  Teim. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

fi  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years , 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over , 

Milwaulcee,  Wis. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Minneapolis,  Mian. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15U24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  jrears  and  over 


All 


319,198 

22, 817 
41,517 
57,621 
121, 775 
59,639 
15,439 

100.0 
7.1 
13.0 
l&l 
3a  2 
1&7 
4.8 


223,928 

18,848 
37,418 
46,279 
75,443 
36,655 
8,976 

100.0 
8.4 
16.7 
2a7 
3a7 
16  4 
4.0 


106,294 
10,437 
18,027 
21,343 
35,046 
16,901 
4,380 

100.0 

9.8 
17.0 

aai 

33.0 
15l9 
11 


131,106 

10,756 
19,505 
28,575 
50,116 
17,546 
3,857 

100.0 
&2 
14.9 
2L8 
3&2 
13.4 

aio 


373,857 

37,834 
69,041 
81,051 
118,833 
53,718 
12,756 

100.0 
10.1 
18.5 
21.7 
31.8 
14.4 
3.4 


301, 408 

25,797 
44,561 
67,385 
106,635 
45,059 
9,860 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


169,967 

13,381 
23,688 
31,523 
61,974 
30,359 
8,822 

100.0 
7.9 
13.9 
1&6 
3&6 
17.9 
5.2 


113,543 

13,827 
24,964 
26,970 
32,052 
12,662 
3,016 

100.0 
12.2 
22.0 
23.8 
2&2 
1L2 
2.7 


20,703 
2,343 
3,639 
3,447 
6,484 
4,058 
1,683 

100.0 
1L3 
17.6 
1&6 
2&6 

m6 

&1 


69,985 

6,012 
10,201 
13,115 
21,183 
7,349 
1,541 

100.0 

lao 

17.0 
2L9 
35.3 
123 
2.6 


78,823 
14,755 
21,299 
19,500 
17,099 
4,459 
1,220 

100.0 

18.7 
27.0 
24.7 
21.7 
5.7 
1.5 


96,186 
10,633 
15,946 
21,215 
29,978 
12,869 
3,854 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


74,768 

8,022 
13,540 
15,657 
25,693 
10,330 

1.475 

100.0 

ia7 
l&l 
2a9 

34.4 
13.8 
2.0 


62,411 
2,514 
6,638 
9,538 
21,578 
11,146 


100.0 

4.8 
127 
1&2 
4L2 
2L3 

L8 


41,942 

7,681 
12,302 
9,418 
9,153 
3,098 
268 

100.0 
1&3 
29l3 
225 
21.8 
7.4 

ae 


12,138 

984 
1,789 
2,283 
4,878 
2,039 

158 

100.0 
8.1 
14.7 
1&8 
4a2 
16.8 
L3 


182,530 

22,239 
42,746 
46,392 
53,514 
16,879 
702 

100.0 
12.2 
23.4 
25.4 
29.3 
9.2 
0.4 


116,548 

14,624 
25,430 
33,233 
33,417 
9,016 
709 


Foreign- 

bom 

Negro. 

white. 

60,684 

7,599 

535 

556 

3,026 

1,052 

7,705 

1,433 

27,604 

3,103 

16,709 

1,244 

4,916 

184 

100.0 

100.0 

ao 

7.3 

6.0 

13.8 

127 

18.9 

46.6 

4a8 

27.6 

16.4 

&1 

24 

17,436 

40,522 

49 

2,458 

387 

5,439 

1,333 

8,432 

5,467 

16,341 

6,463 

6,379 

3,706 

1,286 

100.0 

100.0 

as 

6  1 

22 

13.4 

7.6 

2a8 

3L4 

4a3 

37.1 

15.7 

2L3 

3.2 

43,467 

133 

400 

11 

2,073 

13 

8,443 

26 

20,327 

49 

9,706 

26 

2,431 

7 

100.0 

100.0 

a9 

8.3 

4.8 

9.8 

19L4 

1&8 

46.8 

36.8 

223 

19.6 

6.6 

8.3 

6,467 

62,441 

28 

3,729 

318 

7,190 

916 

12,249 

2,613 

21,408 

1,873 

6,269 

716 

1,442 

100.0 

lOO.O 

a4 

7.1 

4.9 

13.7 

14  2 

23.4 

4a4 

4a8 

2ao 

12  0 

ILl 

27 

111,466 

980 

790 

46 

4,913 

81 

14,965 

184 

47,690 

496 

32,215 

149 

10,813 

20 

100.0 

100.0 

0.7 

4.7 

4.4 

8.3 

13.4 

18.8 

42.8 

50.6 

28.9 

15.2 

9.7 

2.0 

86,938 

2,692 

422 

113 

2,929 

251 

12,505 

410 

41,820 

1,353 

22,778 

355 

6,239 

66 

CITY  AND  AGE  FEBIOD. 


Minneapolis,  Minn. 

— Continued. 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

05  years  and  over 

Nashville,  Tens. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years , 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

New  Orleans,  La. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Manhattan  Borough. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 
classes. 


100.0 

8.6 
14.8 
22.4 
35.4 
14.9 

3.3 


110,364 

10,172 
19,627 
24, 167 
35,514 
16,695 
4,146 

100.0 

9.2 
17.8 
21.9 
32.2 
16.1 

3.8 


133,605 

13,702 
24,241 
25,266 
43,355 
21,083 
5,736 

100.0 

10.3 
18.1 
18.9 
32.5 
15.8 
4.3 


339,076 

32,047 
04,076 
69,403 
110,408 
48,291 
12,892 

100.0 
9.5 
18.9 
20.5 
32.6 
14.2 
3.8 


4,766,883 

507,080 
860,694 
989,484 
1,613,715 
653,787 
135,321 

100.0 
10.6 
18.1 
20.8 
33.9 
13.7 
2.8 


,331,542 
235,864 
384,443 
509,575 
820,638 
315,563 
59,552 

100.0 
10.1 

16.6 
21.9 
35.2 
13.5 
26 


NATIVK  WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 
age. 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


100.0 
11.1 
16.6 
22.1 
31.2 
13.4 
4.0 


63,687 

6,988 
12,375 
14,000 
19,438 
8,745 
2,120 

100.0 

11.0 
19.4 
22.0 
30.5 
13.7 
3.3 


37,726 

3,743 
7,247 
6,772 
10,649 
6,513 
2,710 

100.0 

9.9 
19.2 
18.0 
28.2 
17.3 

7.2 


147,473 

19,696 
37,868 
35,476 
38,236 
11,855 
2,750 

100.0 
13.4 
25.7 
24.1 
25.9 
8.0 
1.9 


921,318 

126,855 
210,937 
197,307 
254,468 
98,778 
28,280 

100.0 

13.8 
22.9 
21.4 
27.6 
10.7 
3.1 


344,361 

41,504 

64,431 

71,078 

109,675 

42,252 

11,018 

100.0 

121 

18.7 

20.6 

31.8 

123 

3.2 


100.0 

12.5 
21.8 
28.5 
28.7 
7.7 
0.6 


7,151 

452 

995 

1,328 

2,849 

1,370 

156 

100.0 

6.3 
13.9 
18.6 
39.8 
19.2 

22 


49,434 
9,382 

13,900 
9,060 

11,651 

4,179 

338 

100.0 
19.0 
28.1 
20.1 
23.6 
8.5 
0.7 


74,244 

4,566 
9,564 
12,067 
30, 169 
16,100 
1,720 

100.0 
6.1 
12.9 
16.3 
40.6 
21.7 
23 


1,820,141 

358,733 
504,509 
373,691 
422,534 
147,599 
12,564 

100.0 
19.7 
27.7 
20.5 
23.2 
8.1 
0.7 


818,208 

181,317 
231,206 
167,707 
173,742 
58,866 
5,016 

100.0 
22.2 
28.3 
20.5 
21.2 
7.2 
0.6 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


100.0 
0.5 
3.4 
14.6 
48.7 
26.6 
6.1 


2,993 

11 

144 

300 

989 

1,022 
524 

100.0 

0.4 
4.8 
10.0 
33.0 
34.1 
17.5 


42,784 

305 

2,610 

7,890 

19,499 
9,828 
2,651 

100.0 

0.7 
6.1 
18.4 
45.6 
23.0 
6.0 


27,686 

151 
1,073 
2,867 
9,409 
8,760 
5,371 

100.0 
0.5 
3.9 
10.4 
34.0 
31.6 
19.4 


1,927,703 
14,660 
135,070 
399,225 
889,208 
395,495 
92,747 

100.0 

0.8 

7.0 

20.7 

46.1 

20.5 

4.8 


1,104,019 

8,885 
83,038 
257,745 
503,842 
206,917 
42,681 

100.0 
0.8 
7.5 
23.3 
45.6 
18.7 
3.9 


142 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910-Contd. 

[Totals  tor  all  ages  Include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  15— Continued. 


dTT  Ain>  AGE  PERIOD. 


Wew  York,  IT.  Y.— Continued. 

Bronx  Borough. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  j-ears 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years , 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Brooklyn  Borough. 

All  ages,  number. 
Under  5  years. . 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Queens  Borough. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Richmond  Borough. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 1 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Newark,  TSf.  J, 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Oakland,  Cal. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


AU 
classes. 


430,980 

46,704 
83,699 
85,731 
144, 544 
68,215 
11,726 

100.0 

10.8 
19.4 
19.9 
33.5 
13.5 
2.7 


1,634,351 

183,813 
315,918 
323,493 
531,449 
227, 472 
51,776 

100.0 

11.2 
19.3 
19.8 
32.5 
13.9 
3.2 


284,041 

31,847 
59,062 
55,090 
89,970 
39,702 
8,298 

100.0 

11.2 
20.8 
19.4 
31.7 
14.0 
2.9 


85,969 

8,852 

17,572 

15,595 

27,114 

12,835 

3,069 

100.0 

10.3 

20.4 

18.1 

31.5 

14.9 

4.6 


347,469 
38, 421 
64, 397 
68,698 

114, 736 
49,339 
11,321 

100.0 

11.1 
18.5 
19.8 
33.0 
14.2 
3.3 


150, 174 

12,585 
21,143 
27,426 
55,099 
26,483 
7,362 

100.0 

8.4 
14.1 
18.3 
36.7 
17.6 

4.9 


NATIVE   WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


92,569 

15,025 

25,401 

21,008 

22,210 

6,996 

1,775 

100.0 

16.2 

27.4 

22.7 

24.0 

7.6 

1.9 


375,648 

53,014 

90,934 

82, 710 

96, 773 

39, 749 

12,273 

100.0 

14.1 

24.2 

22.0 

25.8 

10.6 

3.3 


80,607 
13,700 
22,989 
16,981 
18,671 
6,455 
1,778 

100.0 
17.0 
28.5 
21.1 
23.2 
8.0 
2.2 


28,243 
3,612 
7,182 
5,530 
7,139 
3,326 
1,436 

100.0 

12.8 
25.4 
19.6 
25.3 
11.8 
5.1 


94,737 

12,285 
20,718 
19,582 
26,705 
11,510 
3,521 

100.0 
13.0 
21.9 
20.7 
28.2 
12.1 
3.7 


66,198 

6,320 

9,436 

10,198 

18, 146 

8,352 

2,715 

100.0 

11.4 

17.1 

18.5 

32.9 

15.1 

4.9 


186,146 
30,361 
50,298 
40,099 
47, 767 
15, 479 
1,097 

100.0 

16.4 
27.2 
21.7 
25.8 
8.4 
0.6 


663,583 

124,664 
181,259 
132, 777 
159,944 
59,476 
5,367 

100.0 
18.8 
27.3 
20.0 
24.1 
9.0 
0.8 


120,969 
17,432 
32,621 
26,918 
32,737 
10,517 
732 

100.0 
14.4 
27.0 
22.3 
27.1 
8.7 
0.6 


32,235 

4,959 
9,125 
6,190 
8,344 
3,261 
352 

100.0 
15.4 
28.3 
19.2 
25.9 
10.1 
1.1 


132,360 

24,274 
34,959 
27,197 
32,791 
12,065 
1,018 

100.0 

18.3 
26.4 
20.5 
24.8 
9.1 
0.8 


49,936 

5,592 
9,755 
11,892 
16,979 
5,082 
630 

100.0 
11.2 
19.5 
23.8 
34.0 
10.2 
1.3 


Foreign- 
born 

white. 


Negro. 


148,935 

4,117 

918 

393 

7,408 

688 

23,862 

736 

72,750 

1,684 

35,182 

520 

8,663 

186 

100.0 

100.0 

0.6 

9.5 

6.0 

14.3 

16.0 

17.9 

23.6 

5.8 


100.0 
0.7 
4.4 
15.0 
46.1 
25.0 

as 


100.0 
0.9 

6.7 
18.2 
46.2 
22.0 

5.9 


36,822 

185 
1,259 
3,904 
16,519 
11,112 
3,820 

100.0 
0.5 
-  3.4 
10.6 
44.9 
30.2 
10.4 


40.9 
12.6 
4.5 


571,356 

22,708 

4,271 

1,824 

40,600 

3,066 

103,475 

4,396 

264, 174 

9,904 

125,040 

2,951 

33,593 

534 

100.0 

100.0 

0.7 

8.0 

7.1 

13.5 

18.1 

•   19.4 

46.2 

43.6 

21.9 

13.0 

6.9 

2.4 

79,115 

3,198 

412 

298 

2,959 

486 

10,512 

665 

37,258 

1,204 

22,278 

427 

5,673 

115 

100.0 

100.0 

0.5 

9.3 

3.7 

15.2 

13.3 

20.8 

47.1 

37.6 

28.2 

13.4 

7.2 

3.6 

24,278 

1,162 

174 

107 

1,066 

197 

3,631 

240 

11,184 

401 

6,078 

162 

2,137 

44 

100.0 

9.3 
17.1 
20.8 
34.8 
14.1 

3.8 


110,665 

9,475 

984 

875 

7,369 

1,338 

20,153 

1,764 

61,119 

3,981 

24,399 

1,285 

6,662 

216 

100.0 
9.2 
14.1 
18.5 
42.0 
13.6 
2.3 


3,066 

216 

314 

521 

1,372 

529 

101 

100.0 

7.1 

10.3 

17.1 

44.9 

17.3 

3.3 


CITY  AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Omaha,  Nebr. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  04  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent . . . 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years , 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years , 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Paterson,  N.  J. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

6  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  6  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years..  .■ 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

16  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Portland,  Oreg. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  04  years 

65  years  and  over 

Providence,  R.  I. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 
classes. 


124,096 

10,459 
18,835 
26,890 
44,647 
19,075 
4,043 

100.0 
8.4 
16.2 
21.7 
36.0 
15.4 
3.3 


125,600 

12,546 
23,959 
26,081 
40,496 
18,623 
4,718 

100.0 
10.0 
19.1 
20.0 
32.2 
14.8 
3.8 


,649,008 

152,921 

266,039 

299,722 

516,656 

248,504 

62,689 

100.0 

9.9 

17.2 

19.3 

33.4 

16.0 

4.0 


633,905 

57,788 
95, 195 
108,378 
183,046 
73,016 
15,229 

100.0 

10.8 
17.8 
20.3 
34.3 
13.7 
2.9 


207,214 
14,158 
24,851 
41,793 
85,081 
34,566 
6,538 

100.0 

6.8 
12.0 
20.2 
41.1 
16.7 

3.2 


224,326 

21,814 
37,012 
42,715 
76, 757 
36, 441 
9,311 

100.0 
9.7 
16.5 
19.0 
34.2 
16.2 
4.2 


NATIVE   WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


62,917 

5,452 
8,631 
11,746 
18,330 
7,048 
1,629 

100.0 
10.3 
16.3 
22.2 
34.6 
13.3 
3.1 


28,392 

3,610 
6,297 
5,666 
8,003 
3,662 
1,134 

100.0 
12.7 
22.2 
19.9 
28.2 
12.5 
4.0 


684,008 

67,226 
113,172 
119, 449 
175,366 
82,929 
24,597 

100.0 
11.6 
19.4 
20.5 
30.0 
14.2 
4.2 


176,089 

23,644 
37,816 
.37,237 
64,305 
18,629 
3,803 

100.0 
13.4 
21.5 
21.1 
30.8 
10.6 
2.2 


104,163 

8,316 
13,634 
21,467 
42,478 
14,874 

3,248 

100.0 
8.0 
13.1 
20.6 
40.8 
14.3 
3.1 


69,966 

5,933 
10,076 
10, 716 
17,869 
10,870 

4,398 

100.0 

9.9 
16.8 
17.9 
29.8 
18.1 

7.3 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


39,595 

4,585 
8,667 
10,719 
11,689 
3,603 
301 

100.0 
11.6 
21.9 
27.1 
29.6 
9.1 
0.8 


50,179 

8,407 
14,690 
11,754 
11,486 

3,432 
390 

100.0 

16.8 
29.3 
23.4 
22.9 
6.8 
0.8 


496,786 

76,097 
117,982 

99,446 
131,725 

63,277 
7,924 

100.0 
16.3 
23.8 
20.0 
26.5 
12.7 
1.6 


191,483 

31,093 
47,076 
41,656 
49,246 
19,844 
2,461 

100.0 
16.2 
24.6 
21.8 
25.7 
10.4 
1.3 


51,009 

6,323 
9,205 
13,062 
17,614 
6,172 
608 

100.0 

10.4 
18.0 
26.6 
34.5 
10.1 
1.2 


82,364 

14,851 

21,910 

16,713 

20,771 

7,491 

576 

100.0 

18.0 

26.6 

20.3 

26.2 

9.1 

0.7  I 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


27, 068 

176 
1,093 
3,611 
12,387 
7,750 
2,024 

100.0 
0.7 
4.0 
13.3 
45.8 
28.6 
7.5 


46,398 

396 
2,726 
7,367 
20,324 
11,420 
3,149 

100.0 
0.9 
6.0 
16.2 
44.8 
25.2 
6.9 


382,678 

2,722 
24,016 
65,043 
170,732 
91,093 
28,402 

100.0 
0.7 
6.3 
17.0 
44.6 
23.8 
7.4 


140,436 

809 
6,608 
25,060 
67,761 
31,373 
8,664 

100.0 
0.6 
4.6 
17.8 
48.3 
22.3 
6.1 


43,780 

352 

1,769 

6,499 

21,796 

10,796 

2,517 

100.0 

0.8 

4.0 

14.8 

49.8 

24.7 

5.7 


76,303 

548 

4,233 

14,340 

35,887 

17,048 

4,140 

100.0 
0.7 
5.5 
18.8 
47.0 
22.3 
5.4 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


143 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910— Contd. 

[Totals  of  all  ages  include  persons  of  unknown  age.] 


Table  15— Continued. 

CITY  AND  AGE  FEBIOD. 


Richmond,  Va. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent — 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Rochester,  K.  Y. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

St.  Louis,  Xo. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

St.  Paol,  Xlnn. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Scranton,  Pa. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  o  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  &  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

4o  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 


127,628 
11,602 
21,818 
28,422 
42,679 
18,300 
4,550 

100.0 
9.1 
17.1 
22.3 
33.4 
14.3 
3.6 


218,148 

19,066 
33,903 
43,959 
74,917 
36,705 
9,463 

100.0 

8.7 
15.5 
20.2 
34.3 
16.8 

4.3 


•87,029 
60,100 
110,883 
143,303 
241,607 
104,660 
25,065 

100.0 

8.7 
16.1 

ao.9 

36.2 
16.2 
3.6 


214,744 

18,428 
35,084 
60,147 
73,742 
30,900 
6,316 

100.0 
8.6 
16.3 
23.4 
34.3 
14.4 
2.9 


416,912 

29,178 
49,730 
78,954 
170,442 
68,642 
16,028 

loao 

7.0 
11.9 
18.9 
40.9 
16.5 

3.8 


129,867 

15,348 
26,261 
26,952 
40,867 
16,632 
3,694 

100.0 
11.8 
20.2 
20.8 
31.5 
12.8 
2.8 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 
age. 


69,130 

6,832 
12,643 
15,210 
21,925 
9,654 
2,776 

100.0 
9.9 
18.3 
22.0 
31.7 
14.0 
4.0 


74,525 

8,625 
14,513 
16,389 
22,526 
9,393 
3,024 

100.0 
11.6 
19.5 
22.0 
30.2 
12.6 
4.1 


288,836 

36,902 
62,016 
65,643 
75,222 
23,849 
5,318 

loao 

13.7 
23.0 
24.3 
27.9 

8.8 
2.0 


81,694 

7,980 
12,193 
14,748 
19, 137 
6,198 
1,283 

100.0 
13.0 
19.8 
23.9 
31.1 
10.1 
2.1 


115,359 

12,768 
19,135 
25,185 
40,470 
13,277 
3,111 

100.0 

11.1 

16.6 
21.8 
35.1 
11.5 
2.7 


38,745 
6,193 
9,600 
8,294 
9,797 
3,876 
944 

100.0 
16.0 
24.8 
21.4 
25.3 
10.0 
2.4 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


7,664 
724 
1,228 
1,421 
2,621 
1,443 
218 

100.0 
9.4 
16.0 
18.5 
34.2 
18.8 
2.8 


83,687 

9,807 
16,117 
17.565 
26,687 
12,323 

1,161 

100.0 
11.7 
19.3 
21.0 
31.9 
14.7 
1.4 


246,946 

19,672 
37,892 
53,077 
96,900 
36,733 
2,513 

100.0 
8.0 
15.3 
21.5 
39.2 
14.9 
1.0 


93,398 

9,952 
20,664 
27,602 
27,418 

7,292 
434 

100.0 

10.7 
22.1 
29.6 
29.4 
7.8 
0.5 


153,781 

15,180 
26,032 
34,859 
59,824 
16,347 
1,318 

100.0 
9.9 
16.9 
22.7 
38.9 
10.6 
0.9 


55,431 

8,832 
14,910 
13,073 
14, 179 

4,129 
282 

100.0 

15.9 
26.9 
23.6 
25.6 
7.4 
0.5 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


4,085 

27 

221 

568 

1,704 

1,045 

518 

loao 

0.7 
6.4 
13.9 
41.7 
25.6 
12.7 


58,993 
576 
3,162 
9,813 
25,295 
14,830 
5,263 

loao 

1.0 
5.4 
16.6 
42.9 
25.1 
&9 


125,706 

825 
5,672 
15,973 
49,605 
37,494 
15,973 

loao 

0.7 
4.6 
12.7 
39.6 
29.8 
12.7 


100.0 
0.6 
3.4 
12.8 
45.1 
30.0 
8.0 


100.0 
0.4 
2.7 
11.9 
48.1 
27.4 
8.7 


35,112 

283 
1,662 
5,471 
16,640 
8,549 
2,461 

100.0 

0.8 
4.7 
15.6 
47.4 
24.3 
7.0 


Negro. 


46,733 

4,019 
7,726 
11,221 
16,420 
6.153 
1,038 

100.0 
8.6 
16.5 
24.0 
35.1 
13.2 
2.2 


879 
68 
109 
179 
370 
151 
12 

100.0 
6.6 
12.4 
20.4 
42.1 
17.2 
1.4 


43,960 
2.685 
6,268 
8,654 

19,716 
6,376 
1,252 

loao 

6.1 
12.0 
19.5 
44.8 
14.6 

Z8 


56,524 

3,144 

326 

164 

1,937 

289 

7,262 

609 

25,467 

1,681 

16,966 

430 

4,529 

70 

100.0 

5.2 
9.2 
16.2 
53.5 
13.7 
2.2 


130,874 

1,642 

562 

101 

3,559 
15,552 
62,972 

126 
302 

797 

35,833 

244 

11,428 

64 

100.0 
6.2 

7.7 
18.4 
48.5 
14.9 

3.9 


567 

37 

88 

113 

245 

77 
7 

100.0 
6.5 
15.5 
19.9 
43.2 
13.6 
1.2 


aTYAND  AGE  PERIOD. 


Seattle,  Wash. 

All  ages,  number.. 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Spokane,  Wash. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Syracnse,  N.  Y. 

All  ages,  number. . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. . 

Under  5  years 

5to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Toledo,  Ohio. 


All  ages,  number. 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 


AU  ages,  per  cent 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Washington,  D.  C. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. : . . 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years , 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over , 

Worcester,  Mass. 

All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

5  to  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All  ages,  per  cent. 

Under  5  years 

Sto  14  years 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


All 


237,134 
17,043 

20,614 
46, 142 
99,747 
35,927 
6,246 

loao 

7.2 
12.5 
19.5 
42.1 
15.1 

2.6 


104,402 

9,066 
16,104 
20.685 
40,620 
15. 724 

2,745 

loao 

8.7 
14.5 
19.8 
38.9 
16.1 


137,249 

11,882 
21,398 
27,005 
47,096 
23,456 
6,248 

100.0 

8.7 
15.6 
19.7 
34.3 
17.1 

4.6 


168,497 

15,891 
29,014 
33,147 
66,543 
27,086 
6,757 

100.0 
9.4 
17.2 
19.7 
33.6 
16.1 
4.0 


331,069 

26,669 
49,961 
62,636 
119,376 
54,275 
17,017 

100.0 

8.1 
16.1 
18.9 
36.1 
16.4 

5.1 


145,986 
14,492 
24,976 
27,833 
49, 181 
23,095 
6,285 

100.0 

9.9 
17.1 
19.1 
33.7 
15.8 

4.3 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native 
parent- 


105,784 

8,963 
15,015 
20,516 
41,383 
15,108 

3,037 

100.0 

8.5 
14.2 
19.4 
39.1 
14.3 

2.9 


54,574 

5,895 
9,113 
11,098 
19,323 
7,332 
1,484 

100.0 

10.8 
16.7 
20.3 
35.4 
13.4 
2.7 


58,408 

5,960 
10,273 
12,314 
18,250 
8,779 
2,741 

loao 

10.2 
17.6 
21.1 
31.2 
15.0 
4.7 


75,147 
8,834 
14, 708 
15,444 
23,708 
9,904 
2,516 

loao 

11.8 
19.6 
20.6 
31.5 
13.2 
3.3 


168,711 

15,476 
27,806 
32,078 
65,676 
25,962 
9,128 

100.0 
9.3 
16.7 
19.2 
33.4 
15.0 
5.5 


41,421 
4,363 

7,190 
7,154 
11,760 
7,738 
3,149 

100.0 
10.5 
17.4 
17.3 
28.4 
18.7 
7.6 


Foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage 


61, 134 

7,230 
12,113 
14, 675 
20,343 

6,141 
589 

100.0 
11.8 
19.8 
24.0 
33.3 
10.0 
1.0 


27,277 
2,912 
5,160 
6.373 
9,553 
2,991 
260 

100.0 

10.7 
18.9 
23.4 
35.0 
11.0 
1.0 


46,912 

5,637 
9,602 
9,334 
14,926 
6,845 
541 

100.0 
12.0 
20.5 
19.9 
31.8 
14.6 
1.2 


59,383 

6,778 
12, 707 
13,456 
18,664 

7,128 
640 

100.0 
11.4 
21.4 
22.7 
31.4 
12.0 
1.1 


45,066 
3,746 
6,739 
7,639 

17,222 
8,268 
1,484 

100.0 
8.3 
15.0 
16.7 
38.2 
18.3 
3.3 


54,751 

9,705 
15,422 
12, 041 
13,160 

4.137 
273 

100.0 

17.7 
28.2 
22.0 
24.0 
7.6 
0.5 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


60,835 
447 
2,135 
8,767 
32, 694 
13, 958 
2,583 

100.0 
0.7 
3.5 
14.4 
63.7 
22.9 
4.2 


21,220 

213 

757 

2,972 

11,056 

5,151 

986 

100.0 
1.0 
3.6 
14.0 
52.1 
24.3 
4.6 


30,781 

218 
1,375 
5,173 
13,433 
7,617 
2,927 

100.0 

0.7 
4.5 
16.8 
43.6 
24.7 
9.5 


32,037 

164 

1,377 

3,900 

13,333 
9,716 
3,633 

100.0 
0.5 
4.3 
12.2 
41.6 
30.3 
11.0 


24,351 
139 
982 
2,893 
10,463 
6,329 
3,439 

100.0 
0.6 
4.0 
11.9 
43.0 
26.0 
14.1 


48,492 
318 
2,167 
8,436 
23,761 
10,973 
2,796 

100.0 

0.7 
4,5 
17.4 
49.0 
22.6 
5.8 


144 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000 

INHABITANTS:  1910. 


Table  16 


Alabama 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 

Little  Rock 

CaUfomia 

Berkeley 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Jqse 

Colorado 

Colorado  Springs 

Pueblo 


Connecticut 


Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Mend  en  city 

New  Britain 

Norwicli  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Georgia 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 


nUnois 

Aurora 

Bloomington 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis 

Elgin 

JoDet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 

Indiana 

Evansville 

Fort  Wayne 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 


Iowa 


Cedar  Rapids.. 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque , 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka , 

Wichita 


Kentucky 

Covington 

Lexington 

Newjwrt 

Louisiana 

Shroveport. 

Maine 

Lewis  ton. 

Portland 


AGE  PEPIODS. 


Under 

5 
years. 


4,635 
3,373 


4,107 


3,236 
2,039 
3,080 
2,689 
2,256 


2,125 
4,321 


9,565 
3,039 
S,607 
5,282 
2,574 
3,045 
S,768 
8,385 


8,569 


4,843 
4,523 

3,508 
3,875 
6,008 

2,612 
2,057 
2,497 
2,744 
6,062 
1,909 
3,738 
5,338 
2,838 
3,828 
4,755 


6,150 
5,441 
6,320 
5,052 


2,894 
2,140 
2,736 
3,634 
7,850 
3,191 
4,019 
2,547 


8,264 
3,738 
4,455 


4,851 
2,504 
2,740 


2,546 


2,569 
4,811 


5  to  14 

years. 


9,129 
6,729 


7,294 


5,939 
4,109 
5,376 
5,288 
4,179 


4,634 
7,250 

16,535 
5,955 
6,014 
8,007 
4,972 
6,010 
4,49S 

13,674 


14,753 


8,836 
7,026 

6,860 
7,511 
11,168 

4,878 
3,992 
4,963 
5,288 
9,801 
4,066 
6,169 
10,248 
5,831 
7,464 
8,920 


11,654 
10,943 
9,514 
9,923 


5,278 
4,325 
5,236 
7,163 
14,235 
6,563 
7,757 
4,196 


14,760 
6,717 
8,188 


9,185 
5,267 
6,230 


4,965 


4,908 
8,710 


15  to  24 

years. 


10,543 
7,986 


10,138 


8,082 
4,863 
8,540 
6,724 
6,260 


5,334 
8,218 


18,610 
6,266 
6,SM 
9,425 
5,291 
5,427 
4,83t 

14,853 


17,388 


12,692 
8,239 

9,005 
8,905 
13,880 

5,981 
5,144 
5,335 
6,160 

12,432 
4,989 
7,126 

13,272 
7,426 
9,384 
9,834 


14,462 
13,379 
10,887 
11,667 


6,743 
5,345 
6,997 
8,310 

17,308 
7,812 

10,708 
5,806 


17,018 
9,tl43 
11,369 


11,090 
6,880 
6,149 


6,040 


25  to  44 

years. 


17,982 
12,853 


16,740 


13,810 
9,966 
18, 193 
12,917 
9,680 


10,198 
16,641 


34,996 
9,670 
8,S5S 

14,697 
8,610 
9,463 
8,S84 

26,000 


28,673 


22,673 
13,097 

14,340 
13,371 
23,939 

9,610 
8,160 
9,222 
10,011 
21,761 
8,341 
11,648 
24,072 
11,397 
14,844 
17,367 


22,988 
21,211 
17,533 
19,774 


11,041 

7,795 
9,297 
14,200 
29,477 
12,226 
16,707 


27,133 
13,768 
17,585 


17, 181 
12,237 
10,070 


10,238 


46  to  64 

years. 


5,418        7,627 
10,604       19,714 


7,174 
5,814 


6,226 


14,235 


6,829 
4,113 

5,843 
5,318 
8,274 

4,969 
4,736 
4,520 
5,320 
7,160 
5,146 
4,740 
10,979 
6,644 
7,516 
8,264 


11,459 
10,269 
7,636 
9,345 


5,407 
4,429 
4,701 
7,318 
13,584 
6,673 
7,019 
3,840 


12,048 
7,693 
8,386 


8,718 
6,390 
4,847 


3,403 


4.424 
10,906 


65 

years 
and 
over. 


1,810 
1,291 


1,344 


7,364 

1,980 

6,700 

2,533 

7,578 

1,874 

8,603 

3,088 

6,591 

1,939 

5,429 

1,228 

6,532 

1,146 

15,106 

4,012 

5,421 

1,679 

4,56S 

1,378 

5,171 

1,285 

4,988 

1,767 

4,649 

1,218 

S,840 

917 

1,872 


3,625 


1,371 
681 


1,395 
1,242 
1,686 

1,668 
1,609 
1,315 
1,547 
1,256 
1,433 
1,220 
2,925 
2,400 
2,323 
2,462 


2,878 
2,668 
1,754 
2,310 


1,414 
1,530 
1,277 
2,376 
3,681 
2,124 
1,638 
1,129 


2,682 
2,675 
2,348 


2,217 
1,783 
1,269 


779 


1,232 
3,681 


Massachusetts 


Brockton 

Brooldine  town. 

Chelsea 

Chlcopee 

Everett 

Fitchburg 

Haverlilir. 

Holyoke 

Lawrence 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford.... 

Newton 

Pittsfleld 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Waltham 


Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 


Minnesota 


Duluth. 


Missouri 


JopUn. 

St.  Joseph.. 
Springfield. 


Montana 


Butte. 


Nebraska 


Lincolp 

South  Omaha. 


New  Hampshire 

Manchester. 

Nashua 


Kew  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken. 

Orange 

Passaic 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town. 


New  York 


Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Binghamton . . . 

Elmira 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon. 
New  Rochelle.. 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls.. 
Poughkeepsie . . 

Schenectady 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 


AGE  PERIODS. 


Under 

d 
years. 


5,342 
1,769 
3,654 
3,371 
3,474 
4,105 
4,062 
6,002 
9,317 
8,195 
4,484 
10,700 
3,460 
3,057 
3,502 
4,726 
7,433 
8,292 
3,622 
2,234 


2,027 
5,020 
3,450 
2,541 
3,440 
2,586 
4,706 


7,486 


3,424 
6,454 
3,448 


3,439 


4,317 
3,165 


6,848 
2,511 


3.708 
7.755 
9,971 
2,765 
8,087 
7,140 
3,301 
7,317 
4,668 
9,959 
3,750 


3,258 
2,962 
3,691 
2,644 
2,756 
2,119 
3,064 
3,121 
2,173 
3,279 
2,313 
7,859 
5,839 
7,070 
2,295 
8,978 


5  to  14 

years. 


9.213 
3,593 
6,008 
5,028 
6,256 
6.962 
7,192 
11,488 
14,982 
13,356 
8,319 
17,160 
6,649 
6,189 
6,246 
7,913 
12,887 
14,135 
5,915 
4,563 


3,506 
9,027 
4,849 
4,b24 
5,678 
4,511 
8,481 


13,081 


5,908 
12,253 
6,2.59 


5,902 


6,730 
5,234 


12,663 
4,549 


6,721 
11,842 
16,930 
6,158 
13,773 
13, 415 
5,529 
9,742 
6,445 
16,864 
7,157 


4,635 

4,691 

6,679 

6,283 

4,924 

4,430 

6,675 

5,198 

4.622 

4,863 

4,194 

12, 122 

11,962 

12,093 

4,037 

15,029 


16  to  24 

years. 


10,938 
5,064 
6,250 
5.223 
6,022 
7,734 
8,129 
12,618 
17,952 
17,032 
7,947 
19,686 
7,262 
6,204 
5,898 
8. 245 
12,866 
16,822 
6,339 
5,446 


4,869 
9,241 
9,681 
5,815 
7,854 
7,088 
10,343 


16.811 


6,374 
16,398 
7,678 


6,918 


9,417 
5,514 


15,475 
5,492 


8,330 
11,  IM 
18,205 

6,185 
14, 440 
13,978 

5,677 
14,254 

6,577 
19,942 

6,873 


7,207 
6,712 
8,948 
8,051 
6,341 
5,236 
5,730 
5,780 
5,246 
6,130 
5,162 
13,545 
15,031 
14,675 
4,892 
16,562 


25  to  44 
years. 


19,548 
10,277 
10,320 

7,932 
10,796 
11,717 
14,304 
17,976 
29,107 
31,385 
14,057 
31,416 
13, 137 
11,144 
10,625 
13,460 
26,469 
31,148 
10,695 

9,304 


12,576 
13.969 
10,868 
12,989 
10, 752 
15,677 


28,871 


10,675 
26,928 
10.931 


17,030 


14,275 
8,649 


21,444 
7,960 


18,575 
17,681 
30,227 
12,^0 
24,608 
23,926 
9,624 
17,361 
10,424 
31,805 
11,740 


10,343 
12,041 
16,256 
11,907 
10, 247 

7,865 
10,218 
10,054 

9,058 
11,245 

9,132 
27,569 
25,684 
24,442 

9,081 
26,928 


46  to  64 
years. 


9,513 
5,448 
4,610 
2,996 
6,513 
5,669 
7,822 
7,790 
11,820 
15,140 
7,442 
13,963 
6,954 
5,095 
6,074 
6,951 
13,511 
14,162 
6,843 
4,830 


4,678 
7,238 
6,306 
5,873 
7,027 
4,900 
8,647 


10,378 


4,623 
12,046 
6,353 


7,130 
3,177 


10,758 
4,183 


7,179 
5,976 

15,296 
5,998 
9,607 
9,855 
4,447 
5,063 
3,424 

14,744 
4,932 


4,565 
6,243 
9,772 
7.082 
5,2T9 
4,812 
4,933 
3,826 
5,058 
4,053 
5,274 
9,511 
14,272 
12,349 
4,848 
10,087 


AGE  DISTRIBUTION. 


145 


DISTRIBUTION  BY  AGE  PERIODS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000 

INHABITANTS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  16— Continued. 


AOE  PERIODS. 


Under 
6 

years. 


5  to  14 

years. 


15toS4 

years. 


25  to  44 

years. 


45  to  64 
years. 


66 

years 
and 
over. 


AGE  PERIODS. 


Under 
5 

years. 


5  to  14 

years. 


15  to  24 

years. 


25  to  44 
years. 


45  to  64 
years. 


65 

years 
and 

over 


North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

Wilmington 

Ohio 

Akron 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield 

Yomigstown 

Zanesviile 

Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City 

PennsylTanla 

Allen  town 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Earrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McXeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristown  borough . . 

Reading 

Shenandoah  borough  . 

Wilkes-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 

Rhode  Island 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 


3,981 

2,827 

0,758 
4,589 
3,436 
2,885 
3,892 
2,136 
3,975 
8,873 
2,463 


2,368 
5,671 


5,4Sfi 
6,705 
3,707 
2,471 
7,263 
6,554 
3,248 
6,810 
4.233 
5,288 
4,184 
2,350 
9,543 
3,925 
7,755 
2,722 
4,316 


2,235 
4,874 
2,786 
4,277 


6,702 
4,745 

10,393 
8,026 
6,317 
5,356 
5,304 
4,112 
7,516 

13,078 
4,306 


4,207 
9,366 


8,779 
9,528 
6,616 
4,552 

12,392 

10.054 
5,770 
9,767 
7,933 
8,820 
6,298 
4,182 

16,566 
6,0.W 

13, 473 
6,384 
7,848 


4,043 
9,624 
5,286 

7,788 


7,706 
6,375 

15,161 
10,379 
6,980 
6,218 
5.490 
4,898 
9,260 
16,029 
5,333 


6,435 
14,419 


10,574 

10,314 
7,770 
5,455 

12,520 

12,411 
5,181 

12,284 
9,114 
8,947 
7,193 
5,131 

18,957 
5,277 

14,055 
6,210 
8,838 


6,762 
10,149 
6,185 
8.426 


10,532 
7,936 

24,198 
17,468 
11.430 
10,089 
10,598 

8,702 
15,011 
29,257 

9,290 


9,552 
25,263 


16,625 
17,185 
12,947 

9,196 
21,201 
22,461 

7,172 
18,675 
14,465 
13,614 
12,604 

8,864 
31,020 

8,138 
20,901 

9,908 
14,122 


8,498 
16,738 

7,867 
11,300 


4,120 
3,500 


4,267 
8,198 
4,226 
6.112 


872 


10,135 

2,353 

7,727 

1,960 

5,493 

1,608 

4,780 

1,137 

3.109 

484 

4,355 

1,176 

8.596 

2,337 

9,187 

1,874 

5,002 

1,598 

3,043 

454 

7,961 

1,409 

8,184 

2,259 

7,494 

1,855 

5,912 

1,532 

5,211 

1,636 

9,974 

2,992 

10,775 

2,892 

3,334 

725 

6,493 

1,410 

8,776 

2,686 

5,077 

sao 

4,884 

1,179 

6,563 

1,740 

15,799 

4,168 

2,351 

388 

8,895 

1,068 

6,903 

1,604 

7,423 

2,201 

1,331 
2,065 
1,261 
1,203 


Sonth  Carolina 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Knoxville 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Utah 

Ogden 

Sit  Lake  City 

Virginia 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Roanoke 

Washington 
Taooma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison. 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Superior 


5,606 
2,570 


3,937 
3,187 

2,007 
8,048 
4,445 
6,950 
3,232 
6,781 
9,977 
2,552 


3,068 
10,461 


3,085 
0,198 
3,343 
3,806 

7,084 


3,302 
3,868 


2,966 
2,658 
2,248 
3,343 
3,786 
2,883 
4.302 


10,750 
4,600 


7,154 
6,251 

5,667 
15,321 

7,700 
12,788 

6  299 
13, 167 
18,081 

5,343 

6,133 
16,976 


5,327 
11,235 
6,857 
6,706 

12,686 


6,068 
7,047 


6,193 
6.547 
3,946 
6,226 
6,667 
6,176 
7.668 


12,698 
5,%2 


10,145 
8,640 

0,368 

20,368 
7,588 

10, 104 
7,461 

17,348 

20,620 
5,788 

5,299 
18,880 


7,012 
14,459 
7,802 
7,907 

16,533 


0,962 
8.290 


6,033 
6,069 
6,558 
6,670 
8,013 
6,580 
7.810 


19,441 


10,244 
11,986 


8,942 
33,010 
13,535 
26,040 
13,433 
28,647 
30,890 

8,141 


7,741 
30,300 


24,495 
10,995 
11,281 

30,111 


9,882 
14,053 


7,710 
9,012 
8,472 
9,539 

12,337 
7,539 

15,111 


7,987 
3,235 


5,670 
4,989 

4,543 

12,125 
4,753 
8,848 
6,290 
10,414 
12,889 
3,445 

3,534 
12,532 


.%997 
9,024 
4,204 
4,082 

13,008 


4,090 
6,720 


3,224 
4,940 
4,056 
5,424 
6,665 
4,093 
4,735 


2,042 
743 


1,235 
1,066 

1,646 
2,519 
886 
1,555 
1,234 
2,113 
3,247 


767 
3,022 


1,978 
918 


2,619 


834 
1,589 


1,102 
1,543 
1,216 
1,847 
1,519 
1,100 
632 


72497"— 13 10  + 


146 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


•UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 

In  the  census  statistics  of  marital  condition,  the 
terms  "married,"  ''widowed,"  or  "divorced"  refer 
to  the  marital  status  of  the  person  enumerated  at  the 
time  when  the  census  was  taken,  so  that  a  person,  for 
instance,  who  had  been  widowed  or  divorced  but  had 
remarried  would  be  reported  as  married. 

Table  17  shows,  by  sex,  the  marital  condition  of  the 
total  population  of  the  United  States  (exclusive  of  all 
outlying  possessions)  as  reported  at  the  census  of  1910. 


Table  17 

POPULATION  OF 

ALL  ages:  1910 

MARITAL  CONDITION. 

Male. 

Female. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Total 

47,332,277 

27,455,607 

19,721,146 

18,093,498 

1,471,472 

156, 176 

155,524 

100.0 
58.0 
41.7 
38.2 
3.1 
0.3 
0.3 

44,639,989 

23,522,121 
21,049,696 
17,688,169 
3,176,426 
185,101 
68,172 

100.0 

52.7 

Married,  widowed,  or  divorced 

47.2 
39.6 

Widowed 

7.1 

Divorced 

0.4 

Marital  condition  not  reported 

0.2 

Of  the  total  number  of  males  of  all  ages  in  1910, 
58  per  cent  were  single,  38.2  per  cent  married,  and 
3.4  per  cent  widowed  or  divorced,  the  corresponding 
percentages  for  females  being  52.7,  39.6,  and  7.5. 

The  number  of  persons  under  15  years  of  age  who 
are  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  is  naturally  in- 
significant, comprising  in  1910  only  994  males  and 
3,713  females.  Statistics  of  marital  condition  are, 
therefore,  usually  confined  to  persons  15  years  of  age 
and  over.  Table  18  summarizes  the  data  for  persons 
of  this  class. 


Table  18 

population  15  years  of  age  and 
over:  1910 

MARITAL  CONDITION. 

Male. 

Female. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Number. 

Per 
cent  of 
total. 

Total  

32,425,805 

12,550,129 

19,720,152 

18,092,600 

1,471,390 

156, 162 

155,524 

100.0 

38.7 
60.8 
5.5.8 
4.5 
0.6 
0.5 

30,047,325 

8,933,170 

21,045,983 

17,684,687 

3, 176, 228 

185,068 

68,172 

100.0 

Single 

29.7 

Married,  widowed,  or  divorced 

70.0 
58.9 

Widowed 

10.6 

Divorced 

0.6 

Marital  condition  not  reported 

0.2 

There  were,  in  1910,  32,425,805  males  15  years  of 
age  and  over  and  30,047,325  females,  an  excess  of 
2,378,480  males.  The  number  of  males  to  100 
females  was  107.9.  This  excess  of  males  in  the  adult 
population  of  the  United  States  has  a  most  important 
bearing  upon  the  statistics  of  marital  condition.  It 
accounts  in  part  for  the  fact  that  there  were  12,550,129 
single  men,  as  compared  with  8,933,170  single 
women,  or  3,616,959  more  of  the  former  than  of  the 


latter.  But  a  further  explanation  of  this  dispropor- 
tion is  found  in  the  fact  that  women  marry  at  an 
earlier  age;  in  other  words,  men  remain  single  longer 
than  women,  therefore  there  are  more  single  men  at 
any  given  time. 

Other  things  being  the  same,  the  proportion  of  the 
total  population  who  marry  will  be  greater  in  a  com- 
munity where  the  sexes  are  numerically  equal  than  in 
one  where  either  sex  outnumbers  the  other.  In  the 
latter  case  it  is  obvious  that  a  certain  number  of  per- 
sons of  the  sex  which  is  in  excess  must  remain  sin- 
gle. Considering  one  sex  alone,  however,  it  is  obvious 
that  the  probability  of  marriage  will  increase  in  pro- 
portion as  that  sex  falls  below  a  numerical  equality 
with  the  other  sex  and  decrease  in  proportion  as  it 
exceeds  the  other. 

Probably  remarriage  is  more  common  among  men 
than  among  women,  and  this  may  explain  in  part  the 
great  excess  of  widows  over  widowers.  But  without 
doubt  the  excess  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  men 
usually  marry  at  a  later  age  than  women,  so  that  the 
marriage  relation  is  more  often  broken  by  death  of 
the  husband  than  by  death  of  the  wife.  In  other 
words,  the  excess  of  single  men  over  single  women 
has  as  a  natural  correlative  an  excess  of  widows  over 
widowers. 

It  will  be  noted  that  in  the  population  15  years  of 
age  and  over,  there  were,  in  1910,  407,913  more 
married  men  than  married  women  (18,092,600  as 
compared  with  17,684,687),  a  condition  largely  ex- 
plainable by  the  presence  in  the  United  States  of 
foreign-born  married  men  who  left  their  wives  in  their 
native  countries.  The  total  number  of  men  15  years 
of  age  and  over  who  in  1910  had  been  married  (that 
is,  the  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  together)  was 
19,720,152,  or  considerably  less  than  the  number  of 
the  corresponding  class  of  women,  21,045,983. 

Marked  differences  appear  between  the  percentages 
for  males  and  for  females,  as  shown  by  Table  18.  Of 
the  males,  60.8  per  cent  were  either  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced,  while  for  the  females  the  proportion  was 
much  higher,  70  per  cent.  Although  there  were,  in 
absolute  numbers,  more  married  men  than  married 
women,  the  percentage  married  for  males  (55.8),  be- 
ing based  on  a  larger  total,  was  materially  lower  than 
that  for  females  (58.9).  The  percentages  widowed  for 
males  and  for  females  were  4.5  and  10.6,  respectively. 
The  proportions  reported  as  divorced  were  0.5  per  cent 
for  males  and  0.6  per  cent  for  females. 

The  number  of  divorced  persons  reported  by  the 
census,  of  course,  falls  short  of  the  number  of  Uving 
persons  who  have  been  divorced,  as  many  divorced 
persons  have  remarried,  and  the  census,  as  previously 
pointed  out,  reports  simply  the  marital  condition  of 
the  population  at  the  date  of  the  enumeration.     At 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


147 


the  same  time  it  seems  practically  certain  that  the 
census  returns  as  to  the  number  of  divorced  persons 
not  remarried  are  below  the  true  total,  some  divorced 
persons  having  been  reported  as  single,  some  as  mar- 
ried, and  some  as  widowed. 

It  will  be  noted  that  there  were  a  limited  number  of 
persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported  by 
the  enumerators.  The  number  and  percentage  of 
such  persons  are  not  separately  shown  in  the  later 
tables,  as  they  constitute  only  0.2  per  cent  of  the 
aggregate  population.  They  are  in  all  cases  included 
in  the  totals  on  which  the  percentages  single,  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  are  based,  but  the  per- 
centages would  not  be  appreciably  different  if  based 
exclusively  upon  the  number  of  persons  whose  marital 
condition  was  reported. 

Age  groups. — No  satisfactory  analysis  of  statistics  of 
marital  condition  can  be  made  without  considering  age 
composition.  Aside  from  differences  in  the  relative 
number  of  men  and  women  in  the  population,  the 
proportion  which  the  number  of  persons  who  are  or 
have  been  married  forms  of  the  total  number  of  adults 
depends  on  three  factors:  (1)  the  age  at  which  mar- 
riages take  place;  (2)  the  duration  of  life;  and  (3)  the 
number  who  permanently  remain  single.  Ordinarily 
the  first  factor  has  greater  weight  than  the  others  in 
causing  the  differences  which  appear  in  the  statistics 
for  different  classes  or  conmiunities.  Of  course,  in  all 
cases  the  combined  proportion  of  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced  persons  is  lower  among  young  than 
among  older  persons.  Consequently  differences  be- 
tween classes  or  communities  as  to  the  proportion 
married,  widowed,  and  divorced  in  the  total  number 
of  adults  may  result  merely  from  differences  in  age 
distribution  and  may  not  appear  when  comparisons 
are  confined  to  limited  age  groups. 

Table  19  shows,  for  1910,  the  marital  condition  of 
the  total  population  15  years  of  age  and  over,  classified 
by  sex  and  age.  The  percentages  are  shown  in  the 
accompanying  diagram. 

This  table  shows  a  rapid  increase  in  the  combined 
percentage  of  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  persons 
with  each  older  age  group.  For  males,  for  example, 
only  1.2  per  cent  in  the  age  group  15  to  19  years 
were  married,  widowed,  or  divorced,  as  compared  with 
24.6  per  cent  in  the  age  group  20  to  24  years,  64.7 
per  cent  in  the  age  group  25  to  34  years,  and  93.5  per 
cent  in  the  group  65  years  of  age  and  over. 

This  table  brings  out  clearly  the  prevailing  difference 
between  men  and  women  as  to  the  age  of  marriage.  In 
the  age  group  15  to  19  years  the  proportion  married, 
widowed,  or  divorced  in  1910  was  for  males  1.2  per 
cent  and  for  females  11.6  per  cent.  In  the  age  group 
20  to  24  years  the  percentages  were  24.6  for  males  and 
51.4  for  females.  In  the  succeeding  age  groups  the 
proportions  for  the  sexes  rapidly  approach  equality, 
and  for  persons  of  65  and  over  the  percentage  of  males 
married,  widowed,  or  divorced  (93.5)  was  slightly 
higher  than  the  percentage  of  females  (93.4). 


Table  19 


AGE  PERIOD  AND 
SEX. 


15  years  and  over  :> 

Hale 

Female 


I    15  to  19  years: 

Male 

Female 

20  to  24  years: 

Male 

Female 

25  to  31  years: 

Male 

Female 

35  to  44  years: 

Male 

Female 

45  to  64  years: 

Male 

Female 

65  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 


population:  1910 


Total.' 


Single. 


Married,  widowed,  or  divorced. 


Total. 


Married. 


Wid- 
owed. 


Di- 
vorced. 


Number. 


32,425,805 
30,047,3251 


15  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 


15  to  19  years: 

Male 

Female 

20  to  24  years: 

Male 

Female.... 

25  to  34  years: 

Male 

Female 

35  to  44  years: 

Male 

Female , 

45  to  64  years: 

Male 

Female , 

05  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 


4,527,282 
4,536,321 

4,580,290 
4,476,694 

7,901,116 
7,251,072 

6,153,366 
5,504,321 

7,163,332 
6,260,757 

1,985,976 
1,963,548 


12,550,129 
8,933,170 


4,448,067 
3,986,764 


3,432,161 
2,163,683 


2,767,957 
1,516,726 


1,026,502 
628,516 


722,701 
499,564 


123,322 
124,223 


19,720,152 
21,045,983 


53,334 
527,150 

1,125,640 
2,301,086 

5,109,771 
5,725,483 

5,114,542 
4,871,476 

6,428,449 
5,755,469 

1,855,901 
1,834,796 


18,092,600|l,471,390 
17,684,687  3,176,228 


51,877 
513,239 


1,100,093 
2,225,362 


4, 964, 769 
5,443,894 


4,873,153 
4,410,310 


5,771,630 
4,383,497 


1,303,768 
687,335 


1,110 
10,261 


18, 815 
65,354 


110,431 
224,327 


198,701 
411,896 


598,642 
,324,838 


539,058 
,140,558 


347 
3,650 

6,732 
20,370 

34,571 
57,262 

42,688 
49,269 

58,177 
47,134 

13,075 
6,903 


Percent. 


loao 
loao 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


3&7 
».7 


98.3 
87.9 


74.9 
48.3 


35.0 
20.9 


16.7 
11.4 


10.1 
8.0 


6.2 
6.3 


eas 
7a  0 


1.2 

n.6 


24.6 
51.4 


64.7 
79.0 


83.1 
8&5 


80.7 
91.9 


93.5 
93.4 


65.8 
68.9 


1.1 
11.3 


24.0 
49.7 


62.8 
76.1 


79.2 
80.1 


80.6 
70.0 


65.6 
35.0 


4.5 

lae 


(•) 

0.2 

0.4 
1.2 

1.4 
3.1 

3.2 
7.6 

8.4 
21.2 

27.1 
58.1 


0.6 
0.6 


0.1 

0.5 


0.4 
0.8 


0.7 
0.9 


0.8 
0.8 


0.7 
0.4 


■  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 

'  Includes  persons  of  unknown  age. 
»  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION:  1910. 


^ 


WIDOWED   OR    DIVORCED 


148 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


The  differences  between  the  absolute  numbers  of 
males  and  of  females,  respectively,  in  the  several  mari- 
tal condition  classes  in  the  various  age  groups,  as 
shown  by  Table  19,  are  conspicuous.  In  each  of  the 
age  groups,  except  that  comprising  persons  65  years  of 
age  and  over,  the  number  of  single  men  in  1910  greatly 
exceeded  the  number  of  single  women.  On  the  other 
hand,  in  the  groups  comprising  persons  from  15  to  34 
years  of  age,  the  number  of  married  females  materially 
exceeded  the  number  of  married  males,  but  the  oppo- 
site was  the  case  in  the  groups  comprising  persons  35 
years  of  age  and  over.  In  every  age  group  the  widows 
greatly  outnumbered  the  widowers. 

The  relation  between  the  number  of  males  and 
females  in  the  different  classes  is  brought  out  more 
clearly  in  Table  20,  which  shows,  by  age  groups,  the 
number  of  males  to  100  females  in  the  total  popula- 
tion and  among  single  and  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  persons,  respectively. 


Table  20 


AGE  PERIOD. 


15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


NUMBEE  OF  MALES  PER  100 
FEMALES. 


Total. 


107.9 

99.8 
102.3 
109.0 
111.8 
114.4 
101.1 


Single. 


140.5 

111.6 
158.6 
182.5 
163.3 
144.7 
99.3 


Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 


93.7 
10.1 
48.9 
89.2 
105.0 
111.7 
101.2 


Table  21  shows  the  marital  condition  of  the  popu- 
lation above  specified  age  limits. 


Table  21 


AGE  PERIOD  AXD  SEX. 


15  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 

20  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 

25  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 

35  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 

45  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female ...... 

65  years  and  over: 

Male 

Female 


POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:>  1910 


Number. 


Total.' 


32.311,362 
29,992,713 


27.784,080 
25,456,392 


23,203,790 
20,979,698 


15,302,674 
13, 728, 626 


9,149,308 
8,224,305 


1,985.976 
1,963,548 


12,  ,520, 710 
8,918,476 


8,072,643 
4, 932, 712 


4,640,482 
2,769,029 


1,872,525 
1,252,303 


846,023 
623, 787 


123,322 
124,223 


Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 


19,687,637 
21,015,459 


19,634,303 
20,488,309 


18,508,663 
18,187,223 


13,398,892 
12,461,740 


8,284.350 
7,690,265 


1,855,901 
1,834,796 


Per  cent. 


Single. 


38.8 
29.7 


29.1 
19.4 


20.0 
13.2 


12.2 
9.1 


9.2 
7.6 


6.2 
6.3 


Mar- 
ried, 
wid- 
owed, 
or  di- 
vorced. 


60.9 
70.1 


70.7 
80.5 


79.8 
86.7 


87.6 
90.8 


90.5 
92.3 


93.5 
93.4 


1  Exclusive  of  persons  of  unknown  age. 

'Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 

Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage. — Table  23 
shows  for  1910  statistics  of  marital  condition  for  each 
color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  group,  giving  a 
further  classification  according  to  age  groups  in  the  case 
of  the  more  important  elements  in  the  population;  it 
shows  also  the  principal  comparative  figures  for  1900. 


Table  22,  which  is  derived  from  Table  23,  sum- 
marizes the  statistics  for  the  white  population,  classi- 
fied by  nativity  and  parentage,  and  for  the  negroes.  * 


Table  22 

POPULATION  15  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910 

CLASS  OF 
POPULATION 

Total.» 

Single. 

Married,  widowed,  or  divorced. 

Total. 

Married. 

WId-        Di- 
owed.     vorced. 

Number. 

Total: 
Male 

32,425,805 
30,047,325 

12,550,129 
8,933,170 

19,720,152 
21,045,983 

18,092,600 
17,684,687 

1,471,390 
3,178,228 

156,162 
185,068 

Female 

Nat.  whit&-Nat. 
parentage: 
Male 

16,233,095 
15,523,900 

5,785,137 
5,887,131 

7,139.893 
5,446,306 

3,059,312 
3,103,344 

6,185,324 
4,644,122 

2,906,042 
2,453,017 

2,268,916 
994,110 

1,083,472 
823,996 

9,960,438 
10,842,998 

2,863,173 
3,421,147 

4,839,920 
4,444,657 

1,959.344 
2,269,066 

9,144,099 
9,219,385 

2,677,706 
3,008,623 

4,432,135 
3,624.003 

1,749,228 
1,775,949 

728,883 
1,523,560 

160,779 
382,318 

384,726 
800,112 

189,970 
459,831 

87,456 
100,053 

24,688 
30,206 

23,059 
20,542 

20,146 
33,286 

Female 

Nat.  white— For. 
or  mixed  par.: 
Male 

Female 

For.-bom  wlilte: 
Male 

Female 

Negro: 

Male 

Female. 

Per  cent. 

Total: 

Male 

Female 

100.0 
100.0 

38.7 
29.7 

60.8 
70.0 

55.8 
58.9 

4.5 
10.6 

0.5 
0.6 

Nat.  wliite— Nat. 
parentage: 
Male 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 

38.1 
29.9 

50.2 
41.7 

31.8 
18.3 

35.4 
26.6 

61.4 
69.8 

49.5 
58.1 

67.8 
81.6 

64.0 
73.1 

56.3 
59.4 

46.3 
51.1 

62.1 
66.5 

67.2 
57.2 

4.5 
9.8 

2.8 
6.5 

5.4 
14.7 

6.2 
14.8 

0.S 

Female 

Nat.  white— For. 
or  mixed  par.: 
Male 

0.6 

0.4 

Female 

For.  -bom  white: 
Male 

0.5 
0.3 

Female 

Negro: 

Male 

0.4 
0.7 

Female 

1.1 

» Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 

This  table  shows  that  the  excess  of  males  in  the 
total  population  15  years  of  age  and  over  is  chiefly  due 
to  the  marked  excess  of  males  among  the  foreign-bom 
whites,  although  there  is  an  appreciable  excess  of 
males  also  among  the  native  whites  of  native  parent- 
age. For  this  and  other  reasons  the  distribution  of 
the  foreign-born  whites  with  respect  to  marital  con- 
dition differs  materially  from  that  of  the  other  classes. 

This  table  of  course  gives  no  direct  information  with 
regard  to  intermarriage  among  the  three  groups  of 
white  persons,  but,  beyond  question,  the  three  classes, 
native  whites  of  native  parentage,  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  and  foreign-born  whites, 
intermarry  more  or  less;  consequently  there  is  not 
necessarily  an  equality  between  the  number  of  married 
males  and  the  number  of  married  females  within  any 
one  group. 

*  The  limited  number  of  Indians,  Chinese,  and  Japanese,  and 
'  'other' '  persons  may  be  passed  over  without  discussion  further  than 
to  point  out  that  the  marital  condition  among  the  Indians  corre- 
sponds approximately  to  that  among  the  negroes,  while  that  among 
the  Chinese  and  Japanese  in  this  country  is  quite  exceptional,  the 
combined  proportion  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  among  these 
races  being  very  low  in  the  case  of  males  and  very  high  in  the  case 
of  females.  Most  of  the  married  Chinese  and  Japanese  men,  how- 
ever, have  left  their  wives  in  their  home  countries,  and  the  total 
number  of  women  of  these  races  in  the  United  States  is  exceed- 
ingly small. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


149 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES :  1910. 
[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  23 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION  AND 
AGE  PEKIOD. 


ALL  CLASSES:  1910. 

All  ages 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

55  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

ALL  CLASSES:  1900. 

All  ages 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  20  years 

30  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  54  years 

65  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

WHITE. 

All  ages,  1910 

15  years  and  over,  1110 — 
1900.... 
IttlO 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

NEORO. 

All  ages,  1910 

15  years  and  over,  1910 — 
1900.... 
1910 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

INDIAN. 
16  years  and  over,  1910 

CHINESE. 
15  years  and  over,  1910 

JAPANESE. 
15  years  and  over,  1910 

ALL  OTHER  RACES. 
15  years  and  over,  1910 

NATIVE    WHITE— NA- 
TIVE PARENTAGE. 

AU  ages,  1910 

15  years  and  over,  1910 

1900.... 
1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

NATIVE    WHITE-FOR- 
EIGN OR  MIXED  PAR. 

AU  ages,  1910 

15  years  and  over,  1910 

1900.... 
1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

46  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 

AUages,  1910 

15  years  and  over,  1910 

1900.... 
1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 


MALES  15  YEARS  OT  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.! 


47,332,277 
32, 425, 805 
4,527,282 
4,680,290 
4,244,348 
3,656,768 
6, 153,  366 
4,488,929 
2, 674, 403 
1,986,976 
114,443 


42, 178, 246 
29, 158, 125 
22,808,628 

3,999,143 
4,070,955 
7,089,393 
6,661,221 
6,618,282 
1,825,019 
94,112 

4,885,881 
3,059,312 

2,633,008 

507,045 
482,167 
753,968 
560,130 
595,664 
152,482 
17,076 

80,883 

84. 3M 

60,638 

3,055 


25, 229, 218 
16, 233, 095 
13,088,068 

2,552,528 
2,332,914 
-  3,788,166 
2,854,044 
3,647,325 
1,080,3491 
68,769 


9,425,239 
5,785,137 
4,463,211 

1,094,861 

914,121 

1,421,983 

1,143,661 

1,076,222 

128,662 

5,637 

7,523,788 
7,139,893 

5,257,359 

351,754 

823,920 

1,879,244 

1,563,526 

1,804,735 

607,008 

19,706 


Single. 


Number. 


27,456, 
12, 550, 

4,448, 

3,432, 

1, 816, 

951, 

1,026, 

499, 

222, 

123, 

29, 


24, 379, 558 
U,  360, 282 
9,173,430 

3,936,650 

3,122,440 

2,645,440 

944,724 

670,486 

115,719 

24,923 

2,909,902 
1,083,472 

1,033,285 

492,153 
287,994 
189,196 
67,203 
36,661 
6,285 
3,980 

27,391 

34,330 

42,688 

1,966 


15, 180, 989 
6, 185, 324 

5,195,263 

2,504,473 

1,691,385 

1,181,751 

415, 192 

315,401 

61,042 

16,080 


6, 645, 950 
2,906,042 

2,432,374 

1,085,406 
769,574 
624,710 
259,678 
152,684 
11,448 
2,543 

2, 652, 619 
2, 268, 916 

1,545,793 

346,672 
661,481 
738,979 
269,854 
202,401 
43,229 
6,300 


Per 

cent. 


68.0 

38.7 

98.3 
74.9 
42.8 
26.0 
16.7 
11.1 
8.3 
6.2 
25.7 


•0.6 
40.2 

98.8 
77.6 
45.8 
27.6 
17.0 
10.3 
7.6 
6.7 
28.6 


57.8 
39.0 

40.2 

98.4 
76.7 
36.9 
17.0 
10.3 
6.3 
26.6 

59.6 
36.4 
39.2 

96.8 
69.7 
25.1 
12.2 
6.2 
4.1 
23.3 

34.1 

53.3 

70.6 

64.4 


60.2 
38.1 

39.7 

98.1 
72.6 
31.2 
14.5 
8.9 
5.6 
23.4 


69.5 
50.2 

54.5 

99.1 
84.2 
43.9 
22.7 
14.2 
8.9 
45.1 

35.3 
31.8 
29.4 

98.6 
80.3 
39.3 
17.3 
10.7 
7.1 
32.0 


Married. 


Number. 


18,093,498 
18, 092, 600 

51, 877 
1,100,093 
2,353,525 
2,611,244 
4,873,153 
3,658,931 
2,112,699 
1,303,768 

27,310 


16, 264, 696 
16,263,940 

12,455,858 

40,304 
913,059 
4,414,772 
4,407,687 
5,263.730 
1,195,982 

18,406 

1,749,369 
1,749.228 

1,422,886 

11,064 
182, 110 
527, 149 
439,901 
477,712 
102,670 
8,622 

48.164 

26,449 
16, 818 


Per 
cent. 


Widowed. 


Num-     Per 
ber.      cent, 


38.81,471, 
55.81,471, 


1.1 
24.0 
55.5 
71.4 
79.2 
81.5 
79.0 
65.6 
23.9 


36.0 
54.6 

1.0 
21.6 
52.5 
69.8 
78.8 
82.2 
79.7 
67.1 
28.6 


38.6 
66.7 
64.6 

1.0 
22.4 
62.3 
79.3 
80.8 
66.5 
19.6 

36.8 
67.2 
64.0 

2.2 
37.8 
69.0 
80.0 
80.2 
67.3 
50.6 

67.4 

41.1 

28.3 


9U  29.8 


9,144,513'  36.2 
9,144,099  56.3 
7,193,922  55.0 

33,818     1.3 

618,300  26.6 

2,524,551   66.6 

2,319,342^  81.3 

2,902,649  81.8 

733,401   67.3 

12,0381  17.5 


2, 677, 885 
2, 677, 706 
1,906,380 

3,635 
138,537 
774,476 
842,217 
833,601 
83,384 

1,856 

4,432,298 
4,432,135 

3,355,556 

2,851 

156,222 

1,115,745 

1,246,128 

1,527,480 

379, 197 

4,512 


28.4 
46.3 

42.7 

0.3 
15.2 
54.5 
73.6 

77.5 
64.8 
32.9 

58.9 
62.1 

63.8 

0.8 
19.0 
59.4 
79.7 
80.6 
62.5 
22.9 


1, 

18, 

45, 

65, 

198, 

286, 

312, 

639, 

4, 


1, 178, 
1,177, 

14, 
38, 
58, 
174, 
230, 
245, 
410. 
4, 


1,274,464 
1,274,388 
1,020,38' 

680 

11,606 

81,329 

161,346 

620,031 

406,282 

3,314 

189,976 
189,970 
161,233 

416 
7,160 
28,261 
36,144 
74,809 
41,891 
1,289 

6,818 

1.138 

496 


3.1 
4.5 

(») 
0.4 
1 

1.8 
3.2 
6.4 
11.7 
27.1 
4.0 


3.0 
4.6 

(') 
0.4 
1.2 
2.0 
3.6 
6.8 
11.9 
26.4 
3.5 


3.0 
4.4 

4.5 

(') 
0.3 
1.1 
2.9 
8.0 

27 
3.5 

3.9 
8.2 

6.7 

0.1 
1.6 
3.7 
6.6 
12.6 
27.6 
7.6 

8.8 

1.8 

0.8 


79  2.8 


728, 920:  2. 9 
728, 883  4. 5 
587,894  4.5 


628 
8,870 
62,784 
91,123 
290,516 
282,857 
2,205 


160,789 
160, 779 
106,056 

92 
1,387 
14,301 
32,328 
79,808 
32,543 
320 

'384,755 
381, 726 

326, 438 

60 

1,249 

14,244 

37,895 

150,607 

179,882 

789 


(*) 
0.4 
1.4 
3.2 
8.2 
26.0 
3.2 


1.7 
2.8 
2.4 

(») 
0.2 
1.0 
2.8 
7.4 
25.3 
5.7 

5.1 
6.4 

6.2 

(») 
0.2 
0.8 
2.4 
7.9 

29.6 
4.0 


Di- 
vorced. 


166,176 
166, 162 

347 
6,732 
15,503 
19,068 
42,688 
36,502 
21, 675 
13,075 

572 


84,237 
84,230 

194 
3,322 
8,218 
10,307 
22,630 
19, 498 
12,297 
7,355 
409 


135, 215 
135,203 

72,761 

230 
4,866 
27,920 
37,007 
62, 716 
12,010 

456 

20,148 
20,146 

11,026 

104 
1,809 
6,408 
5,458 
6,254 
999 
114 

678 

«t 

88 


87,463 
87,456 

47,993 

178 
3,763 
19,383 
23,312 
32,826 
7,653 
341 


24,693 
24,688 
11,422 

34 

735 
5,590 
8,108 
9,088 
1,087 
46 


23, 059 
23,059 

13,346 

18 

358 
2,947 
5,587 
10,802 
3,279 


FEUALES  15  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.i 


44,639,989 
30,047,325 

4,530,321 
4,476,694 
3,936,655 
3,315,417 
5,504,321 
3,881,059 
2,379,698 
1,963,548 
64,612 


37, 178, 127 
24, 249, 191 

3,806,638 
3,710,436 
3,205,898 
2,654,718 
4,339,166 
2.994,983 
1,940,111 
1,525,080 
73,161 


39, 553, 712 
26,857,337 
21,483,052 

3,969,248 
3,916,466 
6,435,019 
4,960,896 
5,731,622 
1,814,984 
40,112 

4,941,882 
3,103,344 

2,690,683 

552,471 
648,638 
795,348 
538, 732 
512,549 
141,642 
13,964 

78,988 

8,966 

6,848 


24, 259, 357 
15, 523, 900 

12,561,813 

2,536,527 
2,350,008 
3,662,509 
2,641,722 
3,192,675 
1,111,719 
28,740 


9,472,598 
5,887,131 

4,475,907 

1,110,714 

958,987 

1,483,343 

1, 161, 132 

1,041,164 

126,924 

4,867 

5, 821, 757 
5,446,306 

4,445,332 


322, 

606, 

1,289, 

1,148, 

1,497, 

576, 

6, 


Single. 


Number. 


23, 522, 121 
8,933,170 

3,985,764 
2, 163, 683 
981,666 
635,170 
628,516 
331,573 
167,991 
124,223 
14,694 


20,491, 

7,666, 

3,374, 

1,913, 

882, 

441, 

481, 

234, 

128, 

90, 

17, 


20,784,712 
8,091,249 

6,747,306 

3,52.5,988 

1,968,679 

1,399,105 

689,925 

476,679 

118,82<J 

12,047 

2, 661, 778 
823,996 

803,683 

448,515 
191,396 
115,682 
38, 105 
22,483 
6,243 
2,672 

16,324 

880 


13,377,267 
4, 644, 122 

3,893,417 

2,199,8.56 

1,094,534 

713, 194 

284,455 

261,807 

82, 137 

8,139 


6,038,152 
2,453,017 

1,985,289 

1,048,291 
601,967 

454. 177 
207,030 
128,510 

10,899 
2,143 

1,369,303 
994, 110 

868,600 

277,841 

272. 178 
231,734 

08,440 

86,362 

25,790 

1,765 


Per 

cent, 


52.7 
29.7 

87.9 

48.3 

24.9 

16 

11.4 

8.5 

7, 

6.3 
26.9 


55 
31.2 

88.7 

51.6 

27.5 

16.6 

11.1 

7.8 

6.6 

6.0 

24 


62.5 
30.1 
31.4 


50.3 
21.7 
11.9 
8.3 
6.6 
30.0 

53.9 
26.6 
29.9 

81.2 

34.9 

14.5 

7 

4.4 
3.7 
18.4 

21.2 

23.0 

13.7 


55.1 
29.9 

31.0 

86.7 
46.6 
19.5 
10.8 
8.2 
7.4 
28.3 


63.7 
41.7 
44.4 

94.4 
62.8 
30.6 
17.8 
12.3 
8.6 
44.0 

23.5 
18.3 
19.5 

86.3 
44.9 
18.0 
8.6 
5.8 
4.5 
27.1 


Married. 


Number. 


17,688,169 
17,684,687 

513, 239 
2,225,362 
2,823,935 
2, 619, 959 
4,410,310 
2,904,043 
1,479,454 

687,335 
21,050 


13, 813, 787 
13,810,057 

415, 682 
1,726,296 
2,209,357 
2,071,698 
3,461,375 
2, 212, 223 
1,172,904 

521,220 
29,302 


15,864,757 
16,852,011 

12,319,767 

416, 178 
1,89.3,144 
4,833,792 
3,996,443 
4,055,546 

642,347 
14,561 

1,776,643 
1,776,949 

1,443,817 

94,087 
323,773 
592,  .547 
401,069 
315,823 

42,404 
6,246 

49,096 

2,016 

6,681 

36 


9,221,615 
9,219,385 

7,251,375 

318,334 
1,216,851 
2,823,023 
2,163,079 
2,289,701 

398, 184 
10,213 


3, 008, 927 
3, 008, 623 
2,212,946 

55,795 
347,277 
985,683 
867,878 
705,913 

44,426 
1,651 

3, 624, 215 
3, 624, 003 

2,855,446 

42,049 

329,016 

1,026,086 

965,486 

1,059,932 

199,737 

2,697 


Per 

cent. 


Widowed. 


Num-    Per 
ber.      cent 


39.6  3,176,426 
58.9  3,176,228 


11.3 
49.7 
71.8 
79.0 
80.1 
74.8 
62.2 
35.0 
38.5 


37.2 
57.0 

10.9 
46.5 
68.9 
78.0 
79.5 
73.9 
60.5 
34.2 
40.1 


40.1 
69.0 

57.3 

10.5 
48.4 
75.1 
80.7 
70.8 
35.4 
30.3 

36.0 
67.2 

53.7 

17.0 
59.0 
74.5 
74.4 
61.6 
29.9 
44.7 

63.8 

68.2 

84.0 


38.0 
59.4 

57.7 

12.5 
51.8 
77.1 
81.9 
71.7 
35.8 
35.5 


31.8 
51.1 
49.4 

5.0 
36.2 
66.5 
74.7 
67.8 
35.0 
33.9 

62.3 
66.5 
64.2 

13.1 
54.3 
79.5 
84.1 
70.8 
34.7 
41.5 


10, 261 
55,354 
95,385 
128,942 
411,896 
610, 386 
714,452 
1,140,558 
8,994 


2,717,839 
2,717,715 

9,336 
52,545 
91,847 
121,944 
372,677 
526,466 
626, 271 
905,130 
11,509 


2,706,127 
2,705,990 

2,291,872 

5,233 

29.260 

150,107 

319.868 

1,162,603 

1,043,632 

5,287 

459, 889 
459,831 

414,107 

4,929 
25,776 
73,353 
90,839 
168,446 
92,856 

3,632 

10,071 


1,523,629 
1,523,560 
1,332,334 

4,394 
21,851 
92,017 
166,086 
611,361 
624,553 
3,298 


382,342 
382, 318 
256,953 

483 
4,289 
31,641 
76,001 
198,391 
70,959 
554 

800, 156 
800, 112 

702,585 

356 

3,120 

26,449 

77,781 

342,851 

348,120 

1,435 


7.1 
10.6 

0.2 
1.2 
2. 

3.9 
7.5 
15.7 
30.0 
58.1 
16.5 


7.3 
1L2 

0.2 
1. 

2.9 
4.6 
8.6 
17.6 
32.3 
59.3 
15. 


6.8 
10 

10.7 

0.1 
0.7 
2.3 
6.6 
20.1 
57.5 
13.2 

9.3 
14.8 

15.4 

0.9 

4.7 
9.2 
16.9 
32.9 
65.6 
26.0 

13.1 

7.7 

1.4 


6.3 
9.8 

10.6 

0.2 
0.9 
2.5 
6.3 
19.1 
66.2 
11.5 


4.0 
6.5 

5.7 

(') 
0.4 
2.1 
6.6 
19.1 
66.9 
11.4 

13.7 
14.7 

15.8 

0.1 

0.5 

2.1 

6.8 

22.9 

60.4 

22.1 


Di- 
vorced. 


1  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


150 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Among  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  the 
number  of  married  males  in  1910  differed  but  little 
from  the  number  of  married  females,  and  this  was  also 
true  of  the  negroes;  but  in  the  case  of  the  native  whites 
of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  the  married  women 
considerably  outnumbered  the  married  men,  probably 
because  many  women  of  this  class  have  married  foreign- 
born  men,  the  number  of  the  latter  reported  as  married 
being  much  larger  than  the  number  of  married  foreign- 
born  women.  The  larger  number  of  married  men  than 
of  married  women  in  the  foreign-bom  class  is  partly 
•due,  however,  to  the  presence  of  men  who  have  left 
their  wives  abroad. 

The  number  of  single  men  materially  exceeded  the 
number  of  single  women  in  each  of  the  four  classes 
shown  in  the  table,  the  excess  being  particularly 
marked  among  the  foreign-born  whites,  in  which  group 
single  men  outnumbered  single  women  more  than  two 
to  one.  In  each  class,  on  the  other  hand,  there  were 
more  than  twice  as  many  widows  as  widowers. 
'  Of  the  total  number  of  native  white  males  of  native 
parentage  15  years  of  age  and  over  in  1910,  38.1  per 
cent  were  single  and  61.4  per  cent  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced,  the  corresponding  percentages  for  females 
being  29.9  and  69.8. 

Among  native  whites  of  fore'gn  or  mixed  parentage 
the  proportion  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  was 
much  lower  for  both  sexes  (49.5  and  58.1  per  cent, 
respectively),  than  among  native  whites  of  native 
parentage.  As  shown  later,  this  difference  is  not  due 
to  differences  between  the  two  parentage  groups  with 
regard  to  age  distribution.  Among  the  foreign-born 
whites,  on  the  other  hand,  the  proportion  married,  wid- 
owed, or  divorced  both  for  males  and  for  females 
(67.8  and  81.6  per  cent,  respectively),  was  much  higher 
than  among  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  but 
in  the  case  of  males  this  difference,  as  indicated  by 
Table  24,  is  wholly  due  to  the  fact  that  the  foreign- 
bom  whites  are  much  older  on  the  average  than  the 
native  whites  and  among  females  also  it  is  largely 
due  to  this  cause.  The  proportions  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced  for  negro  men  and  for  negro  women  (64 
and  73.1  per  cent,  respectively),  were  somewhat  higher 
than  for  native  whites  of  native  parentage. 

The  difference  between  the  sexes  with  respect  to  the 
proportion  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  is,  as  shown 
by  the  percentages  quoted  above,  more  conspicuous 
in  the  case  of  the  foreign-born  whites  than  ir  the  case 
of  any  other  group.  One  cause  of  this  marked  dis- 
parity is  the  fact  that  single  women  are  much  less  apt 
to  leave  their  native  country  for  a  new  home  than 
single  men.  Considering  only  persons  who  were  in  the 
married  state  at  the  time  of  the  census,  the  negroes 
are  the  only  group  shown  in  the  table  in  which  the 
proportion  married  is  as  high  among  males  as  it  is 
among  females,  the  percentages  in  the  case  of  this 
race  being  the  same  for  the  two  sexes. 


The  proportion  of  divorced  persons,  as  shown  by 
Table  22,  is  slightly  higher  for  females  than  for  males 
in  each  of  the  four  classes  of  population  specified.  As 
already  stated,  all  the  percentages  relating  to  divorced 
persons  may  be  assumed  to  be  somewhat  too  low.  The 
proportion  of  divorced  persons  reported  is  higher 
among  negroes  than  in  any  other  class,  that  for  negro 
women,  which  is  the  highest  of  all,  being  1.1  per  cent. 

Table  24,  which  is  also  based  upon  Table  23,  shows 
by  percentages  for  1910  the  marital  condition  of  the 
principal  classes  of  the  population  according  to  age 
groups.  For  convenience,  the  small  percentages  of 
divorced  persons  have  been  combined  with  those  for 
the  widowed.  The  diagram  on  the  next  page  shows 
graphically  the  percentage  single,  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced  in  each  class,  by  broad  age  groups. 


Table  24 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION  AND  AGE 
PERIOD. 


Total  population: 

15  years  and  over  > 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native  white — Native  par.: 
15  years  and  over  i 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native    white— Foreign    or 
mixed  parentage: 
15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  i 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  IN  SPEOFIEIV  ASE  GEOTTP  WHO 
■WXBE: — 


Single. 


Male. 


38.7 

98.3 
74.9 
35.0 
16.7 
10.1 
6.2 


38.1 

98.1 
72.5 
31.2 
14.5 
8.9 
5.6 


50.2 

99.1 
84.2 
43.9 
22.7 
14.2 
8.9 

31.8 

98.6 
80.3 
39.3 
17.3 
10.7 
7.1 

35.4 

96.9 
59.7 
25.1 
12.2 
6.2 
4.1 


Fe- 
male. 


29.7 

87.9 
48.3 
20.9 
11.4 
8.0 
6.3 


29.9 

86.7 
46.6 
19.5 
10.8 
8.2 
7.4 


41.7 

94.4 
62.8 
30.6 
17.8 
12.3 
8.6 

18.3 

86.3 
44.9 
18.0 
8.6 
5.8 
4.5 

26.6 
81.2 
34.9 
14.5 
7.1 
4.4 
3.7 


Married 

widowed,  « 

divorced 


Male. 


60.8 
1.2 

24.6 
64.7 
83.1 
89.7 
93.5 


61.4 

1.4 
27.0 
68.5 
85.3 
90.9 
94.0 


49.5 
0.3 
15.4 
55.9 
77.2 
85.7 
90.9 

67.8 

0.8 
19.2 
60.3 
82.5 
89.1 
92.0 

64.0 

2.3 
39.6 
74.5 
87.5 
93.7 
95.5 


Fe- 
male. 


70.0 

11.6 
51.4 
79.0 
88.5 
91.9 
93.4 


69.8 

12.8 
53.2 
80.4 
89.2 
91.7 
92.4 


58.1 

5.1 
36.9 
69.2 
82.1 
87.6 
91.3 

81.6 

13.2 
54.9 
81.9 
91.4 
94.2 
95.3 

73.1 

18.1 
64.8 
85.3 
92.8 
95.4 
95.9 


Mairried. 


55.8 

1.1 
24.0 
62.8 
79.2 
80.6 
65.6 


56.3 
1.3 

26.5 
66.6 
81.3 
81.8 
67.3 


46.3 

0.3 
15.2 
54.5 
73.6 
77.5 
04.8 

62.1 

0.8 
19.0 
59.4 

79.7 
80.6 
62.5 

57.2 
2.2 
37.8 
69.9 
80.0 
80.2 
67.3 


Fe- 
male. 


69.9 

11.3 

49.7 
75.1 
80.1 
70.0 
35.0 


59.4 

12.5 

61.8 

77.1 

81.9 

71. 

35.8) 


51.1 

5.0 
36.2 
66.5 
74.7 
67.8 
35.0 

66.5 
13.1 
54.3 

79.5 
84.1 
70.8 
34.7 

57.2 

17.0 
59.0 
74.5 
74.4 
61.6 
29.9 


Widowed 

or 
divorced. 


Male. 


5.0 

(=>)  I 
0.6 
1.8! 
3.9 
9.2 

27.8 


50, 

(») 
0. 
1.9 
4.0 
9.1 

26.7 


3.S 

(') 
0.2 
1.4 
3.5 
8.3 

26.1 

5.7 

(') 
0.2 
0.9 
2.8 
8.5 

30.2 

6.9 

0.1 
1.9 
4.6 
7.6 
13.4 
28.1 


Fe- 
male. 


U.2 

0.3 
1.7 
3.9 
8.4 
21.9 
58.4 


10.5 

0.3 
1.4 
3.3 
7.3 
20.0 
66.6 


7.0 

0.1 
0.7 
2.8 

7.4 
19.8 
56.3 

15.1 

0.1 

0.7 
2.4 
7.3 
23.4 
60.7 

15.9 

1.1 
5.8 
10.8 
18.4 
33.8 
66.0 


1  Percentages  based  on  total  population,  which  includes  a  small  number  of 
persons  of  unknown  age. 

» Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent.   • 

In  every  age  group  and  for  both  sexes  the  proportion 
married,  widowed,  or  divorced  was  materially  higher 
in  the  case  of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
than  in  the  case  of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage.  This  is  partly  due  to  the  difference  in  the 
geographic  distribution  of  the  two  classes.  A  much 
larger  proportion  of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage  than  of  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage  are  in  urban  communities,  and  much  larger 
proportions  of  the  former  class  than  of  the  latter  are 
in  the  North  and  the  West.  People  living  in  urban 
communities  are  less  apt  to  marry,  or  tend  to  marry 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


151 


later,  than  those  living  in  rural  districts;  and  persons 
living  in  the  North  and  the  West  are  less  apt  to 
marry,  or  tend  to  marry  later,  than  persons  living  in 
the  South. 

Table  24  shows,  also,  that  in  each  of  the  individual 
age  groups  the  percentage  married,  widowed,  or  di- 
vorced was  higher  for  native  white  males  of  native 
parentage  than  for  foreign-born  white  males.  On  the 
other  hand,  among  females  the  percentages  were 
somewhat  lower  for  the  native  whites  of  native  parent- 
age than  for  the  foreign-born  whites.  The  negroes  of 
both  sexes  marry  at  a  somewhat  earlier  age  than  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage,  but  in  the  older  age 
groups  the  percentage  married  among  negroes  was 
lower  and  the  percentage  widowed  or  divorced  higher 
than  among  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  except 
that  in  the  case  of  males  65  years  and  over  the  percent- 
age married  was  the  same  in  the  two  population  classes. 

MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  PRINCIPAL  CLASSES  OF  THE 
POPULATION,  BY  AGE  PERIODS:  1910. 


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4-    NEGRO 


Comparisons  with  previous  censuses. — ^Table  25  shows, 
by  sex,  the  percentages  single,  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  in  the  total  population  15  years  of  age  and 
over  for  the  last  three  censuses. 


Table  25 

PEE  CENT  DISTBIBUTION  OF— 

MARITAL  CONDITION. 

Males  15  years  of  age 
and  over. 

Females  15  years  of 
age  and  over. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

1890 

Total 

100.0 

38.7 

60.8 

55.8 

4.5 

0.5 

0.6 

100.0 

40.2 

59.4 

54.5 

4.6 

0.3 

0.4 

100.0 
41.7 
58.1 
53.9 
3.9 
0.2 
0.3 

100.0 

29.7 
70.0 
58.9 
10.6 
0.6 
0.2 

100.0 
31.2 
68.6 
57.0 
11.2 
0.6 
0.2 

100  0 

Single 

31  8 

Married,  widowed,  or  divorced 

Married 

68. 1 

Widowed 

11  0 

Divorced 

0  4 

Marital  condition  not  reported 

0.1 

There  has  been  for  both  sexes  a  gradual  advance  since 
1890  in  the  percentage  of  married  persons  and  in  the 
percentage  of  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  persons 
combined.  The  latter  percentage  rose,  in  the  case  of 
males,  from  58.1  in  1890  to  59.4  in  1900  and  60.8  in 
1910,  while  the  corresponding  percentages  for  females 
were  68.1, 68.6,  and  70,  respectively.  These  increasing 
percentages  are  only  in  part,  if  at  all,  attributable  to 
changes  in  the  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  composition 
of  the  population,  or  to  changes  in  age  distribution. 

Table  26  shows  for  the  males  and  females  in  each  of 
the  principal  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups  the 
percentage  reported  as  single,  as  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced,  and  as  married,  respectively. 


WIDOWED   OR 
DIVORCED 


Table  26 

PER  CENT  OF  PERSONS  15  TEARS  OF  AGE  OR 
OVER  WHO  WERE— 

CLASS  or  fOPPLATION  AKD  SEX. 

Single. 

Married, 

widowed,  or 

divorced. 

Married. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

64.6 
57.0 

1890 

Total: 

Mala 

38.7 
29.7 

40.2 
31.2 

41.7 
3L8 

60.8 
70.0 

69.4 
68.6 

68.1 
6&1 

85.8 
58.9 

63.9 
56  8 

Native  white— Native  parentage: 
Male 

38.1 
29.9 

50.2 
41.7 

31.8 
18.3 

35.4 
26.6 

39.7 
31.0 

64.5 
44.4 

29.4 
19.6 

39.2 

40.1 
30.6 

61.9 
61.0 

32.1 
20.7 

61.4 
60.8 

49.6 
68.1 

67.8 
81.6 

64.0 
73.1 

69.8 
08.8 

45.3 
55.6 

70.3 
80.3 

60.2 
69.9 

59.7 
69.3 

38.0 
49.0 

67.6 
79.2 

60.0 
69.8 

66.3 
69.4 

46.3 
61.1 

62.1 
66.5 

57.2 
57.2 

55.0 
67.7 

42.7 
49.4 

63.8 
64.2 

54.0 
63.7 

65  4 

Female 

58  2 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage: 
Male 

36  2 

Female 

44  3 

Foreign-i)om  white: 

Male 

62  2 

Female 

63  9 

Negro: 

Male 

55  6 

FAmalft. 

29.9  an  n 

54  6 

The  combined  percentage  of  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  persons  was  higher  in  1910  than  in  1900  or  in 
1890  for  each  sex  in  each  of  the  four  principal  race,  na- 
tivity, and  parentage  groups,  except  that  in  the  case  of 
the  foreign-born  white  males  the  percentage  was  lower 
in  1910  than  in  1900.  In  the  case  of  native  white 
females  of  native  parentage,  however,  the  percentage 
married,  widowed,  or  divorced  was  sHghtly  lower  in 
1900  than  in  1890.  These  higher  percentages  of  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  persons  combined  were 
chiefly  due  to  a  higher  proportion  of  married  persons, 
although  the  proportion  of  widowed  or  divorced  per- 
sons has  also  generally  increased. 


152 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Table  27  shows  the  percentage  of  males  and  females 
of  specified  ages  reported  as  single,  as  married,  and  as 
married,  widowed,  or  divorced  at  the  censuses  of  1910, 
1900,  and  1890. 


Table  27 

PER  CENT  OF  PERSONS  IN  SPEUllilED  AGE 
GROUP  WHO  WERE— 

AGE  FEBIOD  AND  SEX. 

Single. 

Married, 

widowed,  or 

divorced. 

Married. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

54.5 
57.0 

1890 

15  years  and  over:  i 

Male 

38.7 
29.7 

40.2 
31.2 

41.7 
31.8 

60.8 
70.0 

59.4 
68.6 

58.1 
68.1 

55.8 
58.9 

53.9 

Female 

56.8 

15  to  19  years: 

Male 

98.3 
87.9 

74.9 
48.3 

35.0 
20.9 

16.7 
11.4 

10.1 
8.0 

6.2 
6.3 

98.8 

88.7 

77.6 
51.6 

37.3 
22.6 

17.0 
11.1 

9.3 

7.4 

5.7 
6.0 

99.4 
90.3 

80.7 
51.8 

36.8 
20.7 

15.3 
9.9 

8.2 
6.6 

5.6 
5.6 

1.2 
11.6 

24.6 
51.4 

64.7 
79.0 

83.1 
88.5 

89.7 
91.9 

93.5 
93.4 

1.0 
11.2 

22.1 
48.3 

62.5 
77.3 

82.9 
88.8 

90.6 
92.5 

94.0 
93.8 

0.5 
9.7 

19.2 
48.1 

63.1 
79.2 

84.5 
90.1 

91.6 
93.3 

94.2 
94.2 

1.1 
11.3 

24.0 
49.7 

62.8 
75.1 

79.2 
80.1 

80.6 
70.0 

65.6 
35.0 

1.0 
10.9 

21.6 
46.5 

60.6 
73.0 

78.8 
79.5 

81.3 
68.6 

67.1 
34.2 

0.5 

Female 

9.5 

20  to  24  years: 

Male 

18.9 

Female 

46.7 

25  to  34  years: 

Male 

61.5 

Female 

75.2 

35  to  44  years: 

Male 

80.9 

Female 

80.6 

45  to  64  years: 

Male 

83.6 

Female 

68.8 

66  years  and  over: 

Male 

70.5 

Female 

36.4 

1  Includes  persons  of  unknown  age. 

In  the  age  groups  15  to  19  years,  20  to  24  years,  and 
25  to  34  years,  the  percentage  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  was  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900,  and  in 
the  case  of  the  first  two  groups  it  was  also  greater 
in  1900  than  in  1890.  In  the  age  group  25  to  34 
years  the  percentage  for  males  was  greater  in  1910 
than  at  either  of  the  two  preceding  censuses,  but  was 
less  in  1900  than  in  1890,  while  for  females  the  per- 
centage was  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900,  although  in 
both  years  it  was  lower  than  in  1890.  In  each  of  the 
three  age  groups  comprising  persons  35  years  of  age  or 
over,  a  decrease  occurred  during  both  of  the  decades 
covered  by  the  table  in  the  percentage  married,  wid- 
owed, or  divorced  both  for  males  and  for  females,  with 
the  single  exception  that  the  percentage  for  males  from 
35  to  44  years  of  age  increased  slightly  between  1900 
and  1910. 

Table  28  shows,  for  1910,  1900,  and  1890,  the  per- 
centage of  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  persons 
among  males  and  females,  respectively,  for  the  prin- 
cipal color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups, 
classified  by  age. 

For  each  class  shown  in  the  table  the  percentage  of 
married,  widowed,  or  divorced  persons  in  the  age  groups 
15  to  19  years  and  20  to  24  years  was  higher,  both  for 
males  and  for  females,  in  1910  than  in  1900  or  1890, 
except  that  the  percentage  for  native  white  males  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage  15  to  19  years  of  age 
was  the  same  in  1910  as  in   1900.     This  would  in- 


dicate that  in  all  classes  of  the  population  a  larger 
proportion  are  marrying  in  the  earher  ages  than  was 
the  case  10  or  20  years  ago.  The  falling  off  in  the 
natural  rate  of  increase  of  population  in  this  country- 
would  therefore  seem  not  in  any  way  due  to  the  post- 
ponement of  marriage.  In  the  age  group  25  to  34 
years  the  proportion  married,  widowed,  or  divorced 
in  1910  was  greater  than  in  1900  for  both  males  and 
females  in  all  classes  of  the  population,  with  the  single 
exception  of  the  foreign-born  white  males.  For  the 
two  groups  comprising  persons  45  years  of  age  and 
over,  the  proportion  of  persons  in  the  three  classes  of 
the  white  population  who  were  or  had  been  married 
has  shown  a  decrease  at  each  census  since  1890,  with 
the  single  exception  of  the  native  white  females  of 
native  parentage  from  45  to  64  years  of  age,  for  whom 
the  percentage  was  the  same  in  1910  as  in  1900.  For 
the  white  population  it  thus  appears  that  although  the 
proportion  marrying  at  early  ages  shows  an  increase, 
the  proportion  married,  widowed,  or  divorced  in  the 
higher  age  groups  was  not  so  great  in  1910  as  in  1900 
or  1890.  Among  the  negroes  the  proportion  married, 
widowed,  or  divorced  in  each  age  group  was  higher  in 
1910  than  in  1900. 


Table  28 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION  AND  AG£ 
PERIOD. 


Total: 

15  years  and  over ' . . . 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over. 


Native  white — Native  parentage: 

15  years  and  over  » 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Native     white— Foreign     or     mixed 
parentage: 
15  years  and  over  i 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years. 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

66  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  ' 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 


PER  CENT  MARRIED,  WIDOWED,  OR 
DIVORCED. 


Male. 


1910 


60.8 
1.2 
24.6 
64.7 
83.1 
89.7 
93.6 


61.4 

1.4 
27.0 
68.5 
86.3 
90.9 
94.0 


49.5 

0.3 
15.4 
65.9 
77.2 

85.7 
90.9 

67.8 
0.8 
19.2 
60.3 
82.5 
89.1 
92.6 

64.0 
2.3 
39.6 
74.5 
87.5 
93.7 
95.6 


1900 


59.4 
1.0 
22.1 
62.6 
82.9 
90.6 
94.0 


59.8 
1.2 
23.8 
65.7 
85.1 
91.7 
94.6 


45.3 
0.3 
13.1 
52.5 
78.1 
86.9 
92.2 

70.3 

0.7 
17.3 
60.9 
82.0 
89.5 
93.0 

60.2 

1.8 
35.1 
71.6 
86.6 
93.3 
95.0 


1890 


58.1 
0.6 
19.2 
63.1 
84.6 
91.6 
94.2 


Female. 


70.0 
11.6 
61.4 
79.0 
88.6 
91.9 
93.4 


69.7 
0.6 
20.5 
66.6 
86.6 
92.6 
94.8 


38.0 
0.1 
11.0 
65.3 


93.6 

67.6 
0.3 
15.1 
58.1 
82.2 
90.3 
93.2 

60.0 
0.9 
34.2 
74.7 
88.5 
93.9 
94.3 


69.8 
12.8 
63.2 
80.4 
89.2 
91.7 
92.4 


58.1 
6.1 
36.9 
69.2 
82.1 
87.6 
91.3 

81.6 
13.2 
64.9 
81.9 
91.4 
94.2 
96.3 

73.1 
18.1 
64.8 
86.3 
92.8 
95.4 
95.9 


1900 


68.6 
11.2 
48.3 
77.3 
88.8 
92.5 
93.8 


68.8 
12.5 
51.2 
79.0 
89.0 
91.7 
92.8 


55.6 

5.0 
35.0 

68.5 
83.9 
89.8 
91.9 

80.3 
11.0 
46.6 
80.7 
91.6 
94.4 
95.6 

69.9 

16.6 
60.0 
82.4 
91.9 
95.1 
95.2 


1890 


68.1 

9.7 
48.1 
79.2 
90.1 
93.3 
94.2 


69.3 
11.0 
51.5 
80.8 
89.5 
92.3 
93.3 


49.0 
4.2 
34.6 
71.4 
87.1 
91.5 
92.3 

79.2 
8.4 
45.2 
80.1 
91.7 
95.1 
96.0 

69.8 
15.0 
61.7 
84.8 
92.4 
96.2 
95.3 


1  Percentages  based  on  total  population,  which  includes  a  small  number  of 
persons  of  unknown  age. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


153 


DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

Total  population,  by  divisions. — Table  29  shows  for 
the  different  geographic  divisions  of  the  country  the 
proportions  single,  married,  widowed,  or  divorced 
among  persons  15  years  of  age  and  over,  classified  by 
sex.  The  percentages  are  summarized  graphically  in 
the  accompanying  diagram. 


Table  29 

per  cent  of  total  population  15 
years  op  age  and  over. 

DIVISION  AND  SIX. 

Single. 

Married,  widowed,  or  divorced. 

Total. 

Mar- 
ried. 

Wid- 
owed. 

Di- 
vorced. 

TTnlted  States: 

Male 

38.7 
28.7 

60  8 
70.0 

55.8 
68.9 

4.5 
10.6 

0.5 

0.6 

New  England: 

\f(iip    

38.6 
34.2 

38.0 
32.6 

37.6 
29.1 

40.6 
29.7 

36.9 
29.6 

34.9 
26.8 

38.6 
•25.3 

46.1 
25.2 

46.9 
27.4 

61.2 
65.7 

60.7 
67.3 

62.1 
70.7 

68.9 
70.0 

62.7 
70.1 

64.8 
72.9 

62.9 
74.4 

64.1 
74.4 

61.9 
72.4 

66.6 
63.6 

66.1 
56.1 

67.0 
50.8 

54.1 
60.4 

57.9 
68.4 

69.2 
60.8 

67.6 
63.1 

49.6 
64.6 

46.7 
60.6 

6.1 
11.6 

4.3 
10.8 

4.6 
10.1 

4.3 
9.0 

4.6 
11.3 

6.1 
11.8 

4.9 
10.6 

3.8 
9.0 

4.2 
10.6 

0.6 

Female 

0.6 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Male 

0.2 

Female 

0.3 

East  North  Central: 

Male 

Female 

West  North  Central: 

Male 

0.6 
0.7 

0.6 

Female '. 

0.7 

South  Atlantic: 

Male  

0.3 

Female 

0.4 

East  South  Central: 

Male 

0.6 

0.8 

West  South  Central: 

Male 

0.5 

Female 

0.7 

Mountain: 

Male      

0.8 

Female 

1.0 

Pacotc: 

Male 

1.0 

Female 

1.3 

The  percentage  of  females  who  were  or  had  been 
married  was  lower  in  New  England  than  in  other 
geographic  divisions,  while  the  proportion  of  males 
who  were  or  had  been  married  was  lower  in  the  Pacific 
and  Mountain  divisions  than  in  the  other  divisions. 
It  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  this  connection  that 
the  number  of  males  to  100  females  is  much  higher 
in  the  Pacific  and  Mountain  divisions  than  in  any 
other,  whereas  New  England  is  the  only  division  in 
which  the  females  outnumber  the  males.  The  factors 
of  race  and  age  doubtless  exercise  an  appreciable  in- 
fluence upon  the  marital  condition  of  the  total  popu- 
lation, but,  independently  of  racial  or  age  composi- 
tion, it  is  almost  inevitable  that  the  proportion  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  among  males  should  be 
smallest  in  those  geographic  divisions  in  which  the 
excess  of  males  over  females  is  greatest.  Conversely 
it  is  natural  that  the  proportion  married  among 
women  should  be  relatively  low  in  that  section  of  the 
country  where  the  females  outnumber  the  males. 

The  proportion  widowed  is  highest  for  both  sexes 
in  the  East  South  Central  and  New  England  divi- 
sions and  lowest  for  males  in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific 
divisions  and  for  females  in  the  West  North  Central 
and  Mountain  divisions. 

The  proportion  divorced  is  highest  for  both  sexes 
in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions  and  lowest  for 
both  sexes  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  South  Atlantic 
divisions. 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION  15 
YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 

8IN0LE  I  MARRIED,  WIDOWED,    OR    DIVORCED 

UNITED  STATES 


•O  «0  30  20  I 


IZ=] 


PER  CENT 
MARRIED 


WIDOWED   OR   DIVORCED 


Color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  classes,  by  divi- 
sions.— Table  30  shows  for  1910,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions, the  percentage  of  the  male  and  female  population 
15  years  of  age  and  over  in  the  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  classes  who  were  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced,  and  also  the  percentage  who  were  married. 

For  each  class  of  the  population  except  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  the  percentage  married, 
widowed,  or  divorced  among  the  males  was  higher 
in  the  East  South  Central  division  than  in  any  other. 
For  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  the  New 
England  division  ranked  first  in  this  respect,  with  {he 
East  South  Central  second.  For  each  class  of  popu- 
lation except  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  the  percentage  was  lowest  in  the  Pacific 
division.  For  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  the  lowest  percentage  was  found  in  New 
England,  with  the  Pacific  division  ranking  next. 

Among  females  the  percentage  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced  was  highest  in  the  divisions  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  for  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage,  in  the  West  South  Central  division;  for 
the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage, 
in  the  Mountain  division;  for  the  foreign-bom  whites, 
in  the  West  North  Central  division;  and  for  the 
negroes,  in  the  Mountain  division.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  proportion  of  females  married,  widowed, 
or  divorced  was  lowest  in  New  England  for  every 
class  except  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage, 
for  whom  the  proportion  was  lowest  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division.  New  England  ranking  next  in  this 
respect. 


154 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Table  30 

PER  CENT  OF  PERSONS  15  YEARS  OF 

AGE  AND  OVER. 

All  classes. 

Native  white. 

Foreign-bom 
white. 

Neg 

DIVISION  AND  SEX. 

Native  parentage. 

Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 

3X). 

Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 

Married. 

Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 

Married. 

Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 

Married. 

Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 

Married. 

Married, 
widowed, 

or 
divorced. 

Married. 

United  States: 

Male      

60.8 
70.0 

65.8 
58.9 

61.4 
69.8 

56.3 
59.4 

49.5 
58.1 

46.3 
51.1 

67.8 
81.6 

62.1 
66.5 

64.0 
73.1 

67.2 

Female 

57.2 

New  England: 

Male 

61.2 
65.7 

60.7 
67.3 

62.1 
70.7 

58.9 
70.0 

62.7 
70.1 

64.8 
72.9 

62.9 

74.4 

54.1 

74.4 

51.9 
72.4 

55.5 
53.6 

56.1 
66.1 

57.0 

59.8 

54.1 
60.4 

57.9 
58.4 

59.2 
60.3 

57.5 
63.1 

49.5 
64.5 

46.7 
60.5 

63.0 
68.2 

60.9 
66.1 

61.9 
69.8 

59.6 
69.9 

62.3 
69.3 

64.2 
72.2 

62.2 
74.2 

55.1 
73.0 

54.9 
72,1 

57.7 
53.1 

65.8 
55.2 

56.6 
69.4 

54.8 
60.7 

58.1 
69.4 

69.6 
62.0 

57.6 
65.0 

50.3 
63.9 

49.2 
60.4 

42.9 
48.0 

48.7 
55.5 

52.5 
60.5 

47.8 
58.6 

56.0 
61.9 

59.5 
64.3 

55.7 

66.4 

49.0 
66.5 

45.6 
62.2 

39.8 
42.0 

45.4 
47.6 

49.4 
63.8 

45.2 
63.4 

51.7 
51.4 

65.0 
62.6 

51.7 
57.4 

45.6 
60.0 

41.6 
64.2 

68.2 
74.9 

67.8 
78.3 

72.2 
86.3 

70.1 
87.9 

66.4 
82.9 

74.9 
86.7 

70.5 
85.6 

55.7 

87.3 

64.4 
84.2 

62.7 
62.1 

63.2 
64.7 

65.7 
69.3 

63.1 
71.2 

60.4 
65.3 

65.5 
59.7 

62.9 
67.5 

60.9 
71.9 

48.6 
67.8 

68.2 
67.7 

60.4 
69.0 

60.5 
75.3 

60.3 
75.0 

63.8 
71.5 

65.9 

74.7 

64.9 
74.9 

55.3 

77.1 

62.6 
76.0 

51.7 

Female 

50.0 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Male 

64.5 

63.3 

East  North  Central: 

Male 

51.7 

66.8 

West  North  Central: 

Male 

61.4 

Female       

66.3 

South  Atlantic: 

Male 

57.9 

Female 

66.9 

East  South  Central: 

Male 

58.5 

Female '. 

57.8 

West  South  Central: 

Male 

57.4 

Female                

58.8 

Mountain: 

Male 

47.8 

Female      

56.6 

Pacific: 

Male 

46.9 

66.6 

Comparing  the  different  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage  groups  within  the  same  division,  it  appears 
that  for  males  the  percentage  married,  widowed,  or  di- 
vorced was  highest  among  the  foreign-born  whites  in 
every  division  excepting  the  Pacific,  where  the  highest 
proportion  was  among  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage.  For  females  the  highest  percentage  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  was,  in  all  geographic 
divisions,  among  the  foreign-born  whites.  This  uni- 
formity results  from  the  fact  that  the  proportion  of 
the  foreign-born  whites  in  the  early  age  groups  is  com- 
paratively low.  The  percentage  of  persons  married, 
widowed,  or  divorced  was  lowest  in  every  division 
and  for  both  sexes  among  the  native  whites  of  foreign 
or  mixed  parentage,  a  fact  in  part  attributable  to  the 
relatively  large  number  of  young  persons  in  this  class 
of  population. 

In  all  divisions,  and  for  each  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  group,  the  proportion  of  persons  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  was  higher  for  females  than 
for  males.  In  a  majority  of  cases  the  proportion  of 
married  persons  alone  was  also  higher  among  females 
than  among  males. 

Generally  speaking,  the  differences  between  the 
geographic  divisions  as  respects  marital  condition  are 
largely  explained  by  differences  in  the  composition  of 
the  population  in  regard  to  sex,  age,  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage.  The  foregoing  table  shows,  however, 
for  each  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  class  appre- 
ciable differences  among  the  divisions.     These  in  turn 


are  largely  explained  either  by  variations  in  the  age 
and  sex  distribution  of  the  population  or  by  varying 
habits  with  respect  to  the  age  of  marriage.  These 
factors  are  in  part  exhibited  in  Table  31,  page  156, 
which  shows  for  each  division  the  percentage  of  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  persons  combined  in  the  prin- 
cipal classes  of  the  population,  by  sex  and  age  groups. 

The  absolute  numbers  on  which  the  percentages  in 
Table  31  are  based  appear  in  Table  32,  which  also 
gives  further  details. 

The  degree  of  prevalence  of  early  marriages  in  the 
case  hi  males  is  fairly  well  indicated  by  the  percent- 
age married,  widowed,  or  divorced  in  the  age  group 
20  to  24  years.  For  native  white  males  of  native 
parentage  the  percentage  in  1910  was  conspicuously 
high  in  the  three  southern  divisions,  and  lowest  in 
the  Pacific,  New  England,  and  Mountain  divisions,  in 
the  order  named.  In  the  South  the  percentage  of 
negro  males  in  the  same  age  group  who  were  mar- 
ried, widowed,  or  divorced  was  much  higher  than  the 
percentage  of  native  whites  of  native  parentage.  In 
other  sections  of  the  country,  where  the  negroes 
are  less  numerous,  there  was  no  such  marked  dif- 
ference. The  proportions  for  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed'  parentage  and  for  foreign-born 
whites  were  fairly  uniform  throughout  the  countrj^, 
except  that  in  the  West  South  Central  division,  where 
much  of  the  foreign  stock  is  of  Mexican  rather  than 
European  origin,  they  were  considerably^  higher  than 
elsewhere. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


155 


For  females  the  proportion  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  in  the  age  group  15  to  19  is  more  signifi- 
cant as  to  prevalence  of  early  marriage.  Among  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage  this  proportion 
was  greater  in  the  three  southern  divisions  than  else- 
where. In  two  of  these  divisions,  the  East  South 
Central  and  the  West  South  Central,  the  proportion 
was  also  higher  in  the  age  group  20  to  24  years,  but 
the  proportion  for  this  group  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division  was  exceeded  by  that  in  the  Mountain  divi- 
sion. Among  the  negro  women  early  marriages  are 
more  frequent  in  the  South  than  in  the  remainder 
of  the  country.  For  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage  there  were  high  percentages  of  mar- 
ried persons  among  females  from  15  to  24  years  of 
age  in  the  West  South  Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific 
divisions.  Among  the  foreign-born  whites  the  percent- 
ages were  high  in  the  South,  where,  however,  this 
class  forms  an  inconsiderable  element  in  the  aggregate 
population. 

Table  32,  pages  156  to  159,  presents  detailed  statis- 
tics of  marital  condition  by  geographic  divisions. 

States.— Table  33,  pages  160  to  162,  shows  the  dis- 
tribution, according  to  marital  condition,  of  the  males 
and  females  15  years  of  age  and  over  in  each  of  the 
principal  classes  of  population,  by  states. 

UBBAN  AND  BTTIIAL  COMMTTNITIES. 

Table  34,  page  163,  shows  the  marital  condition  of 
males  and  females  by  age  groups  for  the  principal  race, 
nativity,  and  parentage  cla.sses,  distinguishing  be- 
tween urban  and  rural  conmiunities. 

For  the  population  15  years  of  age  and  over,  both  for 
males  and  females,  the  proportion  of  single  persons  is 
greater,  and,  conversely,  the  proportion  of  those  who 
are  or  have  been  married  is  less,  in  the  urban  than  in 
the  rural  population.  For  both  males  and  females,  a 
smaller  percentage  of  persons  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced,  is  found  in  urban  conmiunities  in  each  of  the 


age  periods  specified  in  the  table,  the  difference  being 
particularly  great  in  the  younger  age  periods. 

The  native  classes  of  the  population,  the  whites 
both  of  native  and  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  and 
the  negroes,  show,  like  the  population  at  large,  a 
smaller  percentage  of  persons  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced  in  urban  than  in  rural  communities,  not  only 
for  the  entire  population  15  years  of  age  and  over, 
but  also  for  each  of  the  age  groups  given  in  the  table. 

For  the  foreign-born  white  females  also,  the  propor- 
tion married,  widowed,  or  divorced  is  smaller  in  towns 
and  cities  than  in  the  rural  districts.  The  foreign-born 
white  males  1 5  years  and  over  form  an  exception  to 
all  other  classes  in  having  among  those  who  live  in 
cities  a  smaller  percentage  of  single  persons,  and,  con- 
versely, a  larger  percentage  of  married,  widowed,  or 
divorced,  than  among  those  living  in  rural  districts. 
With  the  exception  of  the  age  group  15  to  19  years, 
which,  of  course,  comprises  comparatively  few  married 
persons,  the  percentage  of  foreign-born  males  married, 
widowed,  or  divorced  was  larger  in  each  age  group  of 
the  urban  population  than  in  the  corresponding  group 
of  the  rural  population. 

These  differences  with  reference  to  the  urban  and 
the  rural  population  constitute  one  of  the  important 
factors  in  determining  the  differences  already  noted 
with  respect  to  marital  condition  among  the  different 
geographic  divisions  and  states. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

The  concluding  tables  on  marital  condition  relate 
to  the  cities  of  the  United  States.  In  Table  35,  page 
164,  information  is  given  concerning  the  marital  con- 
dition of  both  males  and  females,  classified  by  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  in  cities  having 
250,000  inhabitants  or  more.  Table  36,  pages  165 
to  167,  gives  similar  information,  without  distinction 
of  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  for  cities 
having  from  25,000  to  250,000  inhabitants. 


156  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  MARRIED,  WIDOWED,  OR  DIVORCED  IN  THE  POPULATION,  BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  31 


DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


ITnited  States: 

STatiTe  whita— Native  parentage 

Kative  white— Foreigrn  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Neg^o 

New  England: 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

East  North  Central: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

West  North  Central: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

South  Atlantic: 

Native  wlute— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negi-o 

East  South  Central: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

West  South  Central: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Mountain: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Pacotc: 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


PER  cent  married,  WIDOWED,  OR  DIVORCED. 


Males  15  years  of  age  and  over. 


15  to  19 

years. 


1.4 

0.3 

0.8 
2.3 


20  to  24 

years. 


27.0 
15.4 
19.2 
39.6 


25  to  84 

years. 


0.8 

20.9 

0.4 

14.5 

1.0 

21.9 

1.3 

21.7 

0.9 

23.8 

0.3 

15.0 

0.7 

21.4 

1.0 

27.0 

0.9 

26.1 

0.3 

16.3 

0.7 

18.8 

1.4 

25.9 

0.9 

24.4 

0.2 

13.9 

0.7 

14.1 

1.3 

26.7 

1.8 

30.0 

0.5 

16.1 

1.1 

19.4 

2.4 

40.2 

2.7 

35.4 

0.7 

16.2 

0.9 

18.7 

2.5 

43.6 

1.9 

32.6 

0.7 

23.0 

1.8 

25.0 

2.1 

41.3 

0.8 

21.3 

0.5 

17.3 

1.2 

13.1 

1.7 

21.7 

0.5 

17.9 

0.3 

13.5 

1.0 

11.2 

1.1 

19.1 

68.5 
55.9 
60.3 
74.5 


63.1 
49.8 
64.1 
55.1 

66.1 

54.5 
65.4 
62.0 

69.6 
59.4 
62.8 
59.9 

66.9 
56.4 
53.0 
60.3 

71.7 
56.0 
60.2 
76.5 

75.8 
56.9 
59.9 
78.6 

74.3 
64.0 
62.1 
77.4 

58.6 
55.6 
45.0 
50.9 

53.9 
48.7 
39.2 
47.0 


35  to  44 

years. 


85.3 

77.2 
82.5 
87.5 


82.4 
;2.3 
85.3 
75.9 

83.6 
76.0 
86.1 
78.0 

85.9 
80.2 
84.8 
77.0 

85.0 

78.8 
78.8 
78.5 

88.0 
76.6 
83.0 
89.2 

89.8 
77.2 
83.0 
90.5 

89.3 
82.1 
81.9 


77.7 
75.0 
70  4 
70.0 

74.3 
69.5 
65.7 
67.7 


45  years 
and  over. 


91.7 
86.3 
90.0 
910 


89.9 
83.2 
92.2 
86!  6 

90  6 
85.8 
91.8 
86.4 

92.1 
88.5 
92.0 
87.2 

92.4 
88.1 
90.2 


89.3 
94.7 

94.1 
87.4 
89.9 
95.6 

94.0 
88.2 
88.9 
95.3 
• 

85.8 
80.1 
80.0 
78.3 

85.0 

78.6 
77.7 
78.3 


Female  15  years  of  age  and  over. 


15  to  19 

years. 


12.8 
5.1 
13.2 
18.1 


6.9 
4.5 
12.1 
10  2 

10  0 
4.8 
16.1 
14.7 

11.6 

5.0 

13.3 

15.5 

15.3 
5.9 
18.4 
17.0 

19.4 

6.1 

21.3 

20  0 

20.1 
11.3 
25.3 
20  3 

14.0 
9.3 
21.7 
20.1 

10  6 
7.0 
17.6 
13.0 


20  to  24 

years. 


53.2 
36.9 
54.9 
64.8 


38.4 
28.0 
46.6 
42.9 

42.8 
33.0 
54.1 
48.9 

50.7 
38.1 
59.7 
57.2 

52.6 
38.6 
56.5 
57.9 

55.7 
37.4 
62.1 
63.6 

61.5 
34.9 
63.3 
68.4 

66.3 
52.0 
68.6 
69.0 

60.8 
51.2 
65.8 
62.6 

52.6 
42.7 
57.1 
57.1 


25  to  34 

years. 


80.4 


81.9 
85.3 


57.2 
75.0 
72.1 

74.1 
64.4 
82.0 
74.5 

80.3 
71.8 
85.1 
81.9 

82.0 
73.3 
84.0 
82.8 

80.7 
66.0 
85.1 
84.8 

84.2 
66.3 
83.4 
87.6 

88.7 
79.5 
87.3 

88.7 

85.7 
82.1 
87.3 


80.4 
73.7 
80.6 
82.0 


35  to  44 

years. 


89.2 
82.1 
91.4 
92.8 


81.9 
72.5 
87.5 
83.3 

84.8 
78.7 
91.1 


89.5 
84.0 
93.2 
91.7 

91.6 
86.6 
93.4 
92.3 

88.7 
78.9 
90.8 
92.3 

91.2 
78.9 
89.4 
93.9 

95.0 
88.6 
93.7 
95.2 

93.6 
91.9 
94.1 
91.8 

90.5 
86.0 
90.8 
91.1 


46  years 
and  over. 


91.9 
88.0 

94.5 
95.5 


81.0 
91.4 
88.7 

89.0 

85.4 
93.3 
90.8 

93.2 
89.6 
96.0 
95.5 

96.5 
92.2 
96.6 
96.0 

89.8 
84.8 
92.4 
95.0 

92.8 
86.1 
93.6 
96.3 

96.4 
91.7 
95.7 
97.1 

96.3 
94.9 
96.6 
94.0 

94.9 
92.0 
94.7 
94.5 


MARITAL   CONDITION   OF  THE   POPULATION   15  YEARS   OF  AGE   AND   OVER    FOR  THE    UNITED   STATES   AND 

DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  32 


DIVISION,  CLASS  OF  POPULATION, 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


TTIHTED  STATES 

AH  Classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over:  2 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  yeai's 

45  years  and  over 


Native  white — Native  parentage: 

15  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  wtute — For.  or  mixed  par.: 

15  years  and  over  ^ 

15  to  24  years 

2jl  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white: 

16  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


MALES 

15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Total.i 

Di- 
vorced. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

32,425,805 

25,620,399 

12,650,129 

10,297,940 

38.7 
40.2 

18,092,600 

13,955,650 

55.8 

54.5 

1,471,390 

1,177,976 

4.5 

4.6 

166,162 

84,230 

4,527,282 
4,580,290 
7,901,116 
6,153,366 
9,149,308 

4,448,067 
3,432,161 
2,767,957 
1,026,502 
846,023 

98.3 
74.9 
35.0 
16.7 
9.2 

51,877 
1,100,093 
4,964,769 
4,873,153 
7,075,398 

1.1 
24  0 
62.8 
79.2 
77.3 

1,110 

18,815 

110,431 

198,701 

1,137,700 

(») 
0.4 
1.4 
3.2 

12.4 

347 
6,732 
34.571 
42,688 
71,252 

16,233,095 
4,885,442 
6,642,210 
4,636,674 

6,185,324 

4,195,858 

1,596,943 

376,443 

38.1 
85.9 
24.0 
8.1 

9,144,099 

652,118 

4,843,893 

3,636,050 

56.3 
13.3 
72.9 
78.4 

728,883 

9,398 

143,907 

573,373 

4.5 
02 
2.2 
12.4 

87,456 
3,941 
42,695 
40,479 

5,785,137 
2,008,982 
2,565,634 
1,204.884 

2,906,042 

1,854,979 

884,388 

164, 132 

50.2 
92.3 
34.5 
13.6 

2,677,706 
142, 172 

1,616,693 
916,985 

46.3 

7.1 

63.0 

76.1 

160,779 

1,479 

46,629 

112,351 

2.8 
0.1 
1.8 
9.3 

24,688 

769 

13,698 

10,175 

7,139,893 
1,175,674 
3,442,770 
2,501,743 

2,268,916 

1,008,153 

1,008,833 

245,630 

31.8 
85.8 
29.3 
9.8 

4,432,135 

159,073 

2,361,873 

1,906,677 

62.1 
13.5 
68.6 
76.2 

384,726 

1,309 

52, 139 

330,489 

5.4 

0.1 

1.5 

13.2 

23,059 

376 

8,534 

14,081 

3,059,312 
990, 102 

1,304,098 
748,036 

1,083,472 

780,147 

256,399 

42,946 

35.4 
78.8 
19.7 
5.7 

1,749,228 
193, 174 
967,050 
580,382 

57.2 
19.5 
74.2 
77.6 

189,970 

7,576 
64,405 
116,700 

6.2 

0.8 

4.9 

15.6 

20,146 
1,913 

11,866 
6,253 

FEMALES  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.' 


30,047,325 
24, 249, 191 

4,636,321 
4,476,694 
7,251,072 
6,504,321 
8,224,305 


15,523,900 
4,886,535 
6,304,231 
4,304,394 

5,887,131 
2,069,701 
2,644,475 
1,168,088 

5,446,306 

928,468 

2,437,209 

2,074  124 

3,103,344 

1,101,109 

1,334,080 

654,191 


Single. 


Number. 


8,933,170 

7,566,530 

3,985,764 

2,163,683 

1,516,726 

628,616 

623,787 


4,644,122 

3,294,390 

997,649 

343,944 

2,453,017 

1,650,258 

661,207 

139,409 

994  110 
650,019 
330,174 
112,162 

823,996 
639,911 
163,787 
27,726 


Per 
cent. 


29.7 
31.2 

87.9 
48.3 
20.9 
11.4 

7. 


29.9 
67.4 
15.8 
8.0 

41.7 
79.7 
25.0 
11.9 

18.3 
59.2 
13.5 
5.4 

26.6 
58.1 
11.6 
4.2 


Married. 


Number. 


17, 684, 687 

13,810,057 

513,239 
2,225,362 
6,443,894 
4,410,310 
5,070,832 


9,219,386 
1,535,185 
4,986,102 
2,687,885 

3,008,623 
403,072 

1,853,561 
750,339 

3,624,003 

371,065 

1,990,572 

1,259,669 

1,775,949 
417,860 
993,616 
368,227 


Per 
cent. 


Widowed. 


Num-    Per 
ber.     cent, 


58 

57.0 

11.3 
49.7 
75.1 
80.1 
61.7 


59.4 
31.4 
79.1 
62.4 

51.1 
19.5 
70.1 
64.2 

66.5 
40  0 
81.7 
60.7 

57.2 
37.9 
74.5 
54.8 


3, 176, 
2, 717, 

10, 

55, 

224, 

411, 

2,465, 


1,523,560 

26,245 

258,103 

1,235,914 

382,318 

4,772 

107,642 

269,350 

800, 112 

3,476 

104,230 

690,971 

469,831 

30, 705 

164,192 

261,302 


10.6 
11.2 

0.2 
1.2 
3.1 
7.6 
30  0 


0.5 

4.1 

28.7 

6.6 
0.2 
4.1 
23.1 

14.7 
0.4 
4.3 

33.3 

14.8 

2.8 

12.3 

39.9 


Di- 
vorced. 


185,068 

114,647 

3,660 
20,370 
67,262 
49,269 
54,037 


100,063 
12,863 
55,935 
31,063 

30,206 
2,907 

19,134 
8,127 

20,542 

950 

10,490 

9,067 

33,286 
7,081 

20,496 
6,519 


»  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


'  Totals  include  persons  of  unknown  age. 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


157 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE   POPULATION   15  YEARS  OF   AGE   AND    OVER   FOR   THE    UNITED    STATES   AND 

DIVISIONS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  32 — Continued. 


DIVISION,  CLASS  OF  POPULATION, 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


MALES  15  TEAKS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


NEW  ENGLAND. 

All  classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over: ' 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to34  years , 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Native  white— Native  parentage: 

15  years  and  over » 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par.: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  ^4  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-born  white: 

15  years  and  over* 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over , 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over* , 

15  to  24  years 

26  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

JUl  classes: 

15  years  of  age  and  over:  * 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Native  wliit©— Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par. 
15  years  and  over  ' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Poreign-bom  white: 

15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over « 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

All  classes: 

15  years  of  age  and  over:  * 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Native  white— Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white — For.  or  mixed  par.: 
15  years  and  over » 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  ovw 

Poreign-born  white: 

15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  * 

IS  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Total.i 


2,3t9,362 

1,995,422 

290,134 
302,989 
556,600 
478,218 
736,598 


939,775 
213,686 
364,033 
360,600 

627,729 
208,141 
224,046 
95,154 

872,557 
166,036 
441,368 
264,364 

24,966 
6,588 

13,076 
6,200 


«,M7,U7 
6,383,757 

880,098 

971,668 

1,783,214 

1,416,225 

1,921,020 


Single. 


Married. 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


916,725 

782,466 

287,518 
243,668 
219,958 
88,554 
74,427 


2,816,680 
805,628 

1,155,924 
845,439 

1,532,347 
636,977 
664.830 
329,305 

2,479,585 
479,794 

1,286,111 
710,064 

156.872 
36,243 
86.991 
32,951 


6,  •18,680 
5,654,055 

885,074 

900,151 

1,572,799 

1,268,055 

2,020,781 


326,362 
190,951 
97,762 


300,687 

194,592 

90,008 

15,893 

276,206 
140,202 
114,887 
20,403 

10,346 

4,839 

4,658 

831 


2, 730,  SOS 
2,134,743 

879,687 
765,016 
650,760 
243,190 
187,230 


1,088,318  38.6 

707,232  87.8 

301.050  26.0 

78,059     9.2 


38.6 
39.2 

99.1 
80.4 
39.5 
18.6 
10.1 


34.7 
89.4 
27.6 
10.0 

57.0 
93.5 
40.2 
16.7 

31.7 

86.0 

26.0 

7.7 

41.6 
86.6 
36.0 
13.4 


S9.0 
39.7 

98.9 
78.7 
36.6 
17.2 
9.7 


3,212,530 
960,208 

1,285,3% 
951,003 

1, 657, 472 
559,025 
734,050 
362,994 

1, 666. 719 
235.499 
756,544 
671, 221 

122,237 
28, 2n 
60,627 
32.649 


782,060 

499.128 

235,947 

46,350 

790.763 

406.204 

325,981 

67,086 

61,537 

30,081 

26,875 

4,389 


2,487,636 
2,161,491 

874.527 
698.922 
546,413 
202,257 
170,056 


1,204,359 

832,165 

296.970 

71,951 

783,410 

513, 780 

227,631 

41,387 

457,802 
201,670 
202,659 
52,244 

47,401 
22,S12 
19,401 
3,966 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


1,314,860 

1,088,536 

1,962 
57,954 
328,640 
371,955 
553,088 


542,400 
22,015 
245,710 
274,083 

210, 162 
12,970 

128,285 
68,782 

547,326 

24,149 

317.601 

205,063 

12,893 

716 

7,862 

4,297 


3,825,523 
2,976,801 

5,713 

200.804 

1,107,740 

1,128,667 

1,480,867 


51.0 
93.0 
35.6 
14.1 

31.9 

84.7 

25.4 

8.0 

39.2 
83.0 
30.9 
13.3 


37.6 
38.9 


77.6 
34 
16.0 
8.4 


37.5 
86,7 
23.1 

7, 

47.3 
91 

31.0 
11.4 

27.5 

85.6 

26.8 

7.8 

38.8 
84.2 
32 
12.2 


1,572.510 
94.070 
825,619 
651, 159 

696,403 
35,445 
412.336 
248,256 

1.566.941 

71.044 

937.541 

556,861 

85,523 
6,818 
66.431 
22.977 


3,798,083 

3,098,146 


6,152 

193,911 

996,484 
1.017,246  80.2 
1,580.238   78.2 


65.5 

54.6 

0.7 
19.1 
59.0 
77.8 
75.1 


57.7 
10.3 
69.4 
74.2 

39.8 
6.2 
57.3 
72.3 

62.7 
14.6 
72.0 
77.6 

51.7 
12.8 
60.1 
69.2 


5«.l 
66.3 

0.6 
20.7 
62.1 
79.6 
77.1 


55.8 
11.7 
71.4 
77.0 

45.4 
6.6 
62.0 
75 

63.2 
14.8 
73.0 
78.4 

64.5 
16.1 
64.9 
69.7 


67.0 

55.8 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


121,997 

106,199 

21 

532 

5,443 

13,769 

101,970 


60,620 

193 

6,789 

53,499 

14,302 

146 

4,434 

9,702 

45,501 

199 

7.534 

37,670 

1,454 

14 

423 

1,012 


303,354  4.3 
246,918  4.6 


5.1 

5.3 

(») 
0.2 
1.0 
2.9 
13.8 


6.5 
0.1 
1.9 
14.5 

2.7 
0.1 
2.0 
10.2 

5.2 
0.1 
1.7 
14.2 

6.8 
0.3 
3.2 
16.3 


103 
1, 

17,830 
39,604 
243,317 


0. 

21.5 
63.4 


1,817.346 
121.388 
947, 266 
746,300 

818,350 
42'.  251 
488.947 
286,658 

1,09    759 

32, 167 

538,412 

523,319 

63,243 

4,079 

36.963 

21,807 


56.6 
12.6 
73.7 
78.5 

49.4 
7.6 
66.6 
79.0 

65.7 
13.7 
71.2 
78.0 

51.7 
14.4 
61.1 
67.3 


134,736 

995 

22.608 

110,812 

47,402 

400 

13,823 

33.100 

112.244 

478 

17.758 

93,818 

8,673 

119 

3,172 

5,335 


301,398 
251,502 

110 

2.089 

17.379 

35.406 

245.598 


146.687 

1.426 

26.695 

118,077 

43,608 

376 

11,942 

31,199 

101,610 

245 

11,163 

90,025 

8,950 

149 

2,854 

5,891 


0.2 
1.0 
2.8 
12.7 


4.8 
0.1 
2.0 
13.1 

3.1 
0.1 
2.1 
10.1 

4.5 
0.1 
1.4 
13.2 

5.5 
0.3 
3.6 
16.2 


4.5 

4.5 

(') 

0. 

1.1 

2 
12 


4. 
0.1 
2 
12.4 

2.6 
0.1 
1 
8.6 

6.1 
0.1 
1.5 
13. 

7.3 
0.5 
4.7 
18.1 


Di- 
vorced. 


12,183 

8,105 

7i 

226 

l,929l 

3,518 

6,464 


8,195 

116 

3,363 

4,685 

1,911 

70 

1,127 

711 

1,890 

41 

846 

■     998 

177 

6 

105 

66 


i«,m 

8,778 

19 

452 

3,397 

4,998 

7,225 


9,362 

287 

4,751 

4,302 

3,208 

86 

1,817 

1,299 

3,029 

77 

1,506 

1,441 

500 

20 

305 

174 


40,821 

24,176 

49 
1,346 
8,659 
10,921 
19.679 


23,995 

968 

11,652 

11,266 

8,092 

238 

4.418 

3,415 


106 
2,387 
4,382 

1,767 

75 

1, 

580 


FEMALES  15  YEABS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total.i 


2,401,986 

2,063,373 

293,653 
311,790 
553,639 
468,689 
771, 104 


973, 103 
217,171 
359,789 
394,409 

672,363 
217,997 
251,192 
102,782 

830,506 
163,844 
398,450 
267,285 

25,274 
6,229 

12,604 
6,366 


6,722,832 
6,341,426 

912,371 

968,239 

1,633,600 

1,293,162 

1,907,201 


2,886,910 
833,425 

1,169,096 
879,971 

1,643,681 
568,190 
721.795 
352,460 

2,024.511 
432, 781 
948,406 
641,317 

165,026 
46,127 
86.478 
32,837 


6, 193, 600 

5,234,969 

875,379 

868,608 

1,447,901 

1,147,809 

1,845,141 


3,118,327 
966.039 

1.247,851 
898,769 

1,706,955 
579. 891 
769, 113 
356,708 

1, 253, 777 
167, 023 
524, 153 
561,308 

109, 124 
29,414 
52,580 
26,589 


Single. 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


821,842 
715,054 

275,367 
192,659 
173,594 
84,494 
94,712 


308,688 
168,410 
88.163 
51,631 

296,745 
186,448 
90,631 
19,462 

208,082 
108,542 
76,349 
22,882 

8,121 

4,495 

2,897 

710 


2.188,495 
1,781,079 

844.617 
543.415 
417,214 
188.014 
193,317 


972. 15 
626,956 
247.303 
96,414 

728,921 
468,161 
208,746 
51,339 

436,661 
262, 246 
131.208 
42,588 

50,736 
29,831 
17,821 
2,950 


1, 803, 210 

1,678,258 

796,889 
449,30' 
306,684 
128,434 
119,408 


934, 780 
677,297 
196,250 
59,663 

670, 789 
459,060 
174,318 
36,878 

169, 764 
90,641 
57, 114 
21,691 

26,571 

18,120 

T,250 

1,136 


31.7 
77.5 
24.5 
13.1 

51.8 
85.5 
36.1 
18.9 

25.1 
66.2 
19.2 

8.6 

32.1 
72.2 
23.0 
11.2 


32.6 

33.3 

92.6 
56.1 
25.5 
14.5 
10.1 


33.7 
75.2 
21.2 
11.0 

44.3 
82.4 
28.9 
14.6 

21.6 
60.6 
13.8 
6.6 

30.7 
66.1 
20.6 
9.0 


29.1 
30.1 

91.0 
51 
21 
11 
6.5 


30.0 
70.1 
15.7 


39.3 
79.2 
22.7 
10.3 

13.5 
54.3 
10.9 
3.9 

24.3 
61.6 
13.8 
4.3 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


1,286,344 

1,078.704 

17.538 
116,827 
365,422 
350,306 
435,183 


516,794 
47,509 
253,865 
214,843 

240,421 
30.651 

149,465 
60,194 

516,068 
64,469 
304,008 
157,234 

12,641 
1,665 
8,176 
2,779 


3,774,008 
2,923,463 

63,222 

415,926 

1,169,021 

1,003,471 

1,119,571 


1,592,567 
200,263 
867, 670 
523,214 

781,971 
96,503 
474.491 
210,667 

1,310,116 
167,666 
771, 539 
370,097 

87,989 
14,487 
58,025 
15,229 


3,704,976 

3,073,297 

73,401 
407,622 

1,095,215 
938,486 

1,187,095 


1,851,319 
278,634 
991,094 
579,691 

919,008 
116,608 
560,260 
241,667 

869,287 

74,984 

443,032 

350,731 

62,020 
10,282 
37,654 
13,851 


53.1 
21.9 
70.6 
54.5 

42.0 
14.1 
59.5 
58.6 

62.1 
33.2 
76.3 
58.8 

50.0 
26.7 
64.9 
43.7 


5C.1 
64 

6.9 
43.0 
71 

77.6 
58.7 


55.2 
24.0 
74.2 
59.5 

47.6 
17.0 
65.7 
59.8 

64.7 
38.7 
81.4 

57.7 

53.3 
32.1 
67.1 
46.4 


59.8 

58.7 

8.4 
46.9 
75.6 
81 
64.3 


59.4 
28.8 
79.4 
64.5 

53.8 
20.1 
72.8 
67.7 

69.? 
44.1 
84.6 
62.5 

5G.8 
35.0 
71.  S 
52.1 


Num- 
ber. 


277,076 
254,692 

127 

1,254 

10,679 

29,458 

235,052 


137,162   14.1 

555     0.3 

12,796     3.6 

123,568  31.3 


Per 
cent. 


11.5 

12.3 

(») 
0.4 
1.9 
6.3 

30.5 


32,321 

321 

9,489 

22,467 

103,234 

461 

16,451 

86,123 

4,235 

44 

1.376 

2,796 


727, 120 
617,470 

527 

5,227 

39, 212 

94,486 

586,468 


304,844 

2,591 

45,929 

255,807 

125.463 

1,218 

35,008 

89,092 

271,452 

1,371 

42,757 

226,904 

25,087 

567 

9,947 

14,456 


626,340 

545,894 

729 

5,470 

30,952 

67,481 

520,607 


297,411 

3,734 

44,118 

248,920 

103,320 

1,176 

27,250 

74,782 

206,624 

649 

20,574 

185,086 

18,294 

624 

6,371 

11,165 


5.6 
0.1 
3.8 
2L9 

12.4 
0.3 
4.1 

32.2 

16.8 
0.7 
10.9 
43.9 


10.8 
11.6 

0.1 
0.5 
2.4 
7.3 
30.8 


10.6 
0.3 
3.9 

29.1 

7.6 
0.2 
4.9 
25.3 

13.4 
0.3 
4.5 

35.4 

15.2 

1.3 

11.5 

44.0 


10.1 
10.4 

0.1 

0.6 

2.1 
5.9 
28.2 


Di- 
vorced. 


9.5 
0.4 
3.5 

27.7 

6.1 
0.2 
3.5 
21.0 

16.5 
0.4 
3.9 

33.0 

16.8 

2.1 

12.1 

42.0 


» Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


i  Totals  faxihide  {lersons  of  unknown  age. 


3  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


158 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 

DIVISIONS:   1910— Continued. 


Table  32— Continued. 


DIVISION,   CLASS  OF  POPULATION, 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

AH  classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over: »  • 

1910 

•    1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over  s 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par.: 
15  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white: 

15  years  and  over* 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

ikU  classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over:  * 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white — For.  or  mixed  par.: 
15  years  and  overs 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-bom  white: 

15  years  and  over  2 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to24  j'ears 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

All  classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over:  * 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Native  white— Native  parentage: 

15  years  and  over  » 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par.: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years , 

45  years  and  over , 

Foreign-born  whit«: 

15  years  and  over  ' , 

15  to  24  years , 

25  to  44  years , 

45  yearsand over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  ' 

15  to  24  years , 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


MALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.i 


4,214,656 

3,556,391 

599,264 
603,739 
994,988 
768, 184 
1,230,565 


2,125,364 
667,865 
854,655 
590,374 

1,064,797 
395,312 
477,217 
190,962 

912,638 
111,052 
378,905 
419,420 

96,646 
24,327 
46,312 
25,179 


3, 821, 777 

3, 165, 702 

635,530 
579,468 
900,210 
676,420 
1,017,771 


2,295,628 
728, 274 
937,998 
624,295 

145,427 
39,818 
63,804 
41,638 

163,476 
29,352 
78,240 
55, 149 

1,213,070 
416,472 
494,773 
295,418 


2,622,924 

2,288,793 

449,105 
391,982 
612,192 
452,599 
708,681 


1,683,289 
546,571 
678,837 
454,069 

80,751 
18,706 
37, 980 
23,979 

48,555 
5,158 
18,032 
25,262 

809,179 
270,317 
329,456 
205,045 


Single. 


Number. 


Per 
cent, 


1, 706, 556 

1,486,138 

589,591 
480,054 
383,627 
138,841 
109,823 


844,335 

581,877 

215,561 

43,979 

551,045 

365,377 

162, 470 

22,598 

267,574 
98,067 

128, 192 
40,405 

37,701 

20,467 

14,556 

2,499 


1,408,947 

1, 256, 020 

618,898 
386,890 
248, 107 
82,931 
68,655 


857,630 

615, 179 

198,615 

42,210 

63,513 

36,452 

21,485 

5,510 

54,050 

25,227 

22,891 

5,709 

431,943 

328,047 

87,399 

14,949 


916, 547 

882,591 

435,288 
243,531 
146, 2"^  8 
47,929 
40, 266 


40.6 

41.8 

98.4 
79.5 
38.6 
18.1 


39.7 
87.1 
25.2 

7.4 

51.8 
92.4 
34.0 
11.8 

29.3 
88.3 
33.8 


39.0 

84.1 

31.4 

9.9 


36.9 

39.7 

97.4 
66.8 
27.6 
12.3 
6.7 


Married. 


Number. 


Per 

cent. 


2,279,407 

1, 893, 845 

4,038 
117,330 
592,008 
599,587 
963,428 


1,164,161 
79,682 
612,922 
469,724 

481,792 

26,259 

304,268 

150,897 

575,487 

11,485 

241,912 

321,577 

49,704 
3,455 
28,423 
17,537 


2, 211, 063 

1,749,894 

12,188 
184,925 
629,008 
563,066 
816,619 


37.4 
84.5 
21.2 


43.7 
91.5 
33.7 
13.2 

33.1 
85.9 
29.3 
10.4 

35.6 
78.8 
17.7 
6.1 


34.9 

38.6 

96.9 
62.1 
23.9 
10.6 
5.7 


598,097  35.5 

447,710  81.9 

123,113  18.1 

26,046  5.7 

32,549  40.3 

17,113  91.5 

12,391  32.6 

3,007  12.5 


12,092 

4,468 
5,081 
2,509 

272,322 

209,278 

53,425 

8,634 


24.9 
86.6 
28.2 


33.7 

77.4 
16.2 
4.2 


1,333,187 
107,743 
715,217 
508,634 

75,131 

3,068 

40,624 

31,375 

98,714 
3, 
53, 765 
40,892 

701,837 
82,183 
381,358 
234,839 


1, 662, 737 

1,282,622 

11,214 
141,218 
444,852 
380,437 
571,221 


1,002,820 

94,337 

535,360 

371,818 

44,400 

1,499 

24,493 

18,376 

31,792 

653 

12,  .548 

18,552 

473, 135 

55,8(;6 
252,593 
162,203 


64.1 

53.3 

0.7 
19.4 
59.5 
78.1 
78.3 


54.8 
11.9 
71.7 
79.6 

45.2 
6.6 
63.8 
79.0 

63.1 
10.3 
63.8 
76.7 

51.4 
11.2 
61.4 


67.9 
55.3 

1 
31.9 
69.9 
83.2 
80.2 


58.1 
14.8 
76.2 
81.5 

51.7 

7.7 

63.7 

75.4 

60.4 
13.4 
68.7 
74.1 

57.9 
19.7 
77.1 
79.5 


69 

56.0 

2.5 
36.0 
72.7 
84.1 
80.6 


59.0 
17.3 
78.9 
81.9 

55.0 
8.0 

64.5 
76.6 

65.5 
12.7 
69.6 
73.4 

58.5 
20.7 
76.7 
79.1 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


179, 162 

150,608 

90 

1,374 

11,106 

22,010 

143,979 


17,468 
69,406 

22,912 

210 

7,150 

15,494 

59,984 

98 

5,836 

53,916 

7,287 

146 

2,440 

4,621 


174,967 

139,982 

261 

3,794 

17,458 

26,135 

126,589 


91, 768 

1,539 

19,625 

70,356 

5,804 

47 

1,291 

4,466 

9,418 

41 

1,218 

8,141 

67,831 
2,425 
21,42" 
43,535 


133, 432 

110,485 

254 
4,275 
16,006 
20,  .504 
91,808 


72,201 

1,837 

16,647 

53,501 

3,208 

21 

802 

2,381 

4,361 

6 

318 

4,028 

53,596 
2,661 
18,724 
31,850 


Per 
cent. 


4.3 
4.2 

0.2 

1.1 

2.9 

11.7 


4.1 
0.1 
2.0 
11.8 

2.2 
0.1 
1.5 
8.1 

6.6 
0.1 
1.5 
12.9 

7.5 
0.6 
5.3 
18.4 


4.6 

4.4 

0.7 
1.9 
3.9 
12.4 


4.0 
0.2 
2.1 
11.3 

4.0 
0.1 
2.0 
10.7 

5.8 
0.1 
1.6 
14.8 

5.6 
0.6 
4.3 
14.7 


6.1 

4.8 

0.1 
1.1 

2.6 
4.5 
13.0 


4.3 
0.3 
2.6 
11.8 

4.0 
0.1 
2.1 


9.0 

0.1 

1.8 

15.9 

6.6 
1.0 

5.7 
15.5 


Di- 
vorced, 


22,938 

12,947 

37 

770 
4,671 
6,133 
11,240 


13,460 

547 

6,587 

6,266 

4,128 

138 

2,228 

1,755 

3,935 

38 

1,150 

2,734 

1,300 
77 
761 
455 


10,679 

5,913 

50 

737 

2,848 

2,852 

4,051 


5,360 

378 

2,815 

2,152 

539 

18 

287 

232 

391 

14 

154 

221 

4,277 

377 

2,440 

1,438 


12,796 

6,611 

87 
1,342 
3,831 
3,105 
4,302 


5,464 

607 

2,752 

2,077 

465 

19 

249 

197 

201 
4 

63 
134 

6,662 
799 

3,9281 
1,8941 


FEMALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


TotaH 


3,711,981 
3, 130, 469 

585,329 
559,418 
880,989 
658,907 
1,020,291 


1,950,292 
654,451 
783,425 
507,620 

1,024,390 
395,274 
461,897 
166,352 

637,826 

66,459 

250,113 

320,497 

86,714 
24,850 
39,916 
21,371 


3,794,991 

3,202,666 

654,262 
614,057 
916,189 
649,376 
952,427 


2,271,647 
741,740 
926,460 
600,189 

151,502 
40,629 
68,068 
42,606 

108,652 
17,547 
47,962 
42,947 

1,260,627 
467,457 
522, 126 
266,021 


2,686,311 

2,263,258 

4!  5, 947 
422,195 
629,084 
440,609 
631,085 


1,632,8.57 
555,552 
604,566 
410,164 

86,995 
20,269 
41,954 
24,678 

34,526 
3,272 
11,941 
19,246 

831,243 
298, 801 
350,951 
177,436 


Single. 


Number. 


1, 100, 837 

949, 498 

525,550 
286,879 
178, 190 
61,598 
46,857 


580,402 
447,625 
109,128 
22,454 

420, 277 

309,411 

97,661 

12,886 

76,027 
37,662 
27,534 
10,670 

21,322 

15,245 

5,203 

800 


1, 122, 814 

1.041,220 

548,359 
254,652 
166,847 
67,890 
82,733 


691, 194 

482, 258 

147.494 

60,376 

57, 276 

32,013 

is; 736 

6,430 

18,308 
9,304 
5,773 
3,165 

355,312 

278,881 

62,624 

12,703 


694, 210 

676, 768 

365,898 
154,128 
95,741 
37,198 
39, 722 


450, 893 
335,075 
85,438 
28,997 

30,869 
15,995 
11,444 
3,389 

4,511 
1,696 
1,590 
1,210 

207,791 

166,545 

34,443 

6,119 


Per 

cent 


29.7 
30.3 


51.3 

20.2 

9.3 

4.6 


29.8 

68.4 

13.9 

4.4 

41.0 

78.3 

21.1 

7.7 

n.9 

56.7 
11.0 
3.3 

24.6 

61.3 

13.0 

3.7 


29.6 

32.5 

83.8 
41.5 
18.2 
10.5 
8.7 


30.4 
65.0 
15.9 
10.1 

37.8 
78.8 
27.5 
15.1 

16.9 
53.0 
12.0 
7.4 

28.2 
59.7 
12.0 

4.8 


26.8 

29.9 

80.3 

30. 5 

15.2 

8.4 

6.3 


27.6 

60.4 

12.9 

7.1 

35.5 
78.9 
27.3 
13.7 

13.1 

51.8 

13.3 

6.3 

25.0 
55.7 
9.8 
3.4 


Married. 


Number. 


2, 241, 834 

1,879,354 

53,868 
264, 110 
675,378 
553,582 
692,497 


1,183,403 
198,534 
637,819 
345,518 

547,314 
81,817 
346,095 
119,080 

454,262 

27,878 
212,467 
213,604 

48,697 
8,629 
28,592 
11,256 


2,216,806 

1,757,898 

99,382 
342,257 
699,902 
511,436 
560,171 


1,349,377 
251,029 
732, 134 
364,948 

77,892 
S,  181 
45,183 
24,472 

70,996 
8,079 
39,695 
23,151 

716,955 
173,971 
393,539 
147, 182 


1, 669, 716 

1,282,274 

84,491 
250,942 
490,091 
351,953 
379,264 


1,012,471 
211,809 
541,817 
257, 711 

45,771 
4,029 
27,641 
14, 074 

20,602 
1,533 
9,708 
9,334 

480,406 
117,875 
262,041- 
98,043 


Per 

cent 


60.4 
60.0 

9.2 
47.2 
76.7 
84.0 
67.9 


60.7 
30.3 
81.4 
68.1 

53.4 
20.7 
74.9 
71.6 

71.2 
41.9 
84.9 


56.2 
34.7 
7L6 
52.7 


68.4 

54.9 

15.2 
55.7 
76.4 

78.8 
58.8 


59.4 
33 

79.0 
60. 

51.4 
20.1 
66.4 
57.4 

65.3 
46.0 
82.8 
53.9 

56.9 
37.2 
75.4 
55.3 


60.3 

56.7 

18.5 
59.4 
77.9 
79.9 
60.0 


62.0 
38.1 
81.5 
62.8 

52.6 
19.9 
65 
57.0 

59.7 
46.9 
81.3 
48.5 

57.8 
39.4 
74.8 
55.3 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


332, 341 

281,159 

587 

3,753 

18,764 

36,784 

271,581 


164,973 

2,735 

27,390 

134,425 

47,833 

712 

14,219 

32,827 

103,061 

256 

8,631 

94,001 

14,920 

613 

5,100 

9,017 


429,174 

385,958 

2,350 

12,905 

42,646 

65,305 

304.,  184 


218, 161 

4,514 

41,419 

171,758 

15,245 

172 

3,601 

11,448 

18,812 

86 

2,253 

16,434 

176,715 
10,476 
60,631 

104,358 


306,378 

287,463 

2,674 
12,420 
35,073 
46,313 
207,382 


158,100 

4,070 

32,30(' 

120, 760 

9,5a5 

105 

2,407 

6,972 

9,203 
30 

5C0 
8,585 

128,500 
10,286 
46,089 
71,016 


Per 

cent 


9.0 

9.0 

0.1 
0.7 
2.1 
5.6 
26.6 


8.5 
0.4 
3.5 
26.5 

4.7 
0.2 
3.1 
19.7 

16.2 
0.4 
3.5 

29.3 

17.2 
2.5 
12.8 
42.2 


11.3 

12.1 

0.4 
2.1 
4.7 
10.1 
31.9 


0.6 
4.5 
28.6 

10.1 
0.4 
5.3 

26.9 

17.3 
0.5 
4.7 

38.3 

14.0 

2.2 

11.6 

39.2 


11.8 

12.7 

0.6 
2.9 
5.6 
10.5 
32.8 


0.8 
4.9 
29.4 

10.9 
0.5 
5.7 

28.3 

26.7 
0.9 

4.7 
44.6 

15.5 

3.4 

13.1 

40.0 


»  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


>  Totals  include  persons  of  unknown  age. 


8  Loss  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


159 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 

DIVISIONS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  32— Continued. 


DIVISION,  CLASS  OF  POPULATION, 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


WEST  SOUTH  CKXTRAL. 

All  classes: 
15  years  of  ace  and  over : ' 

1910 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

46  years  and  over 


Native  white— Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  vears  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par.: 
15  years  and  over » 

IS  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-born  white: 

15  years  and  over  « 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over* 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


MOUNTAIN. 

AH  olassei: 
15  years  of  age  and  over:  > 

1810 

1900 

1910 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  yeans 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


MALES  15  TEABS  OF  AOE  AND  OVER. 


Total.* 


Native  white— Native  parentage: 

15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  jrears  and  over 

Native  white— For.  or  mixed  par.: 

15  years  and  over  • 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-born  white: 

15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

N^ro: 

15  years  and  over ' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

46  years  and  over 


PACIFIC. 

All  classes: 
15  years  of  age  and  over:  * 

1910 

1900 

1910 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


Native  white — Native  parentage: 
15  years  and  over* 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  "and  over 

Native  white — For.  or  mixed  par.; 
15  years  and  over  » 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Foreign-born  wiiite: 

15  years  and  over  * 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 

Negro: 

15  years  and  over  ' 

15  to  24  years 

25  to  44  years 

45  years  and  over 


2,818,469 

2,004,276 

4n,669 
430,918 
693,116 
503,106 
707,783 


1,803,041 
598,452 
761,963 
436,673 

194,643 
63,713 
86,775 
43,856 

186,692 
28,249 
78,407 
78,124 

613,200 
204,374 
260,166 
145,045 


1,M2,846 

655,270 

121,587 
155,518 
292,758 
213,966 
271,611 


528,193 
151, 490 
240,906 
131,609 

212,435 
69,327 

101,692 
41,128 

273,806 
45,117 

140,580 
85,856 

9,819 
1,849 
5,549: 
2,332 


1, 849, 585 
1,016,733 

185,821 
243,857 
495, 149 
376,593 
534,498 


Single. 


Number. 


1, 030, 122 

786,284 

459,063 
283,027 
180,866 
58,022 
46,004 


671,226 
496,889 
146,892 
26,496 

86,357 

56,162 
23,997 
5,097 

63,711 
23,258 
21,734 
8,443 

211,696 

159,719 

44,712 

6,481 


478,910 

310,068 

119,613 
125,433 
133,829 
62,798 
46.661 


Per 
cent. 


36.  S 
39.2 

97.3 
65.7 
26.1 
11.6 
6.5 


Married. 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


1,620,389 
1,103,620 

8,576 
140,003 
488,829 
417,320 
661,971 


37.2  1,038,439 
83.0  95,018 

19.3  588,567 
6.9  363,491 


828,595 
213,368 
372, 498 
234, 712 

369,536 
117,963 
175,240 
75,869 

536,966 

76, 417 

265,583 

192,264 

13,334 
2,661 
7,246 
3,308 


231,880 
132,891 
79,690 
18,273 

107,427 

62, 716 

36,502 

8,102 

118,841 
40,210 
61,274 
16,886 

4,308 

1.571 

2,214 

497 


866,579 

498, 139 

183,882 
205,620 
258,149 
111,980 
104,011 


363,117 
190.964 
137,290 
33,443 

199,994 
109,659 
73,957 
16,188 

237, 877 
68,847 

126, 134 
41,945 

6,219 

2,333 

3,159 

700 


43.9 
88.1 
27.7 
11.6 

28.9 
82.3 
27.7 
10.8 

34.6 
78.2 
17.2 
4 


46. 1 

47.3 

98.4 
80.7 
45.7 
24.7 
16.8 


43.9 
87.7 
33.1 
13.9 

50.6 
90.6 
35.0 
19.7 

43.4 
89.1 
43.6 
19.7 

43.9 
85.0 
39.9 
21.3 


46.9 

49.0 

99.0 
84.3 
52.1 
29.7 
19.5 


43.8 
89.5 
36.9 
14.2 

54.1 
93.0 
42.2 
21.3 

44.3 

90.1 
47.5 
21.8 

46.6 
87.7 
43.6 
21.2 


100,725 

6,065 

69,096 

33,623 

116,799 
4,649 
64,004 
67,898 

352,097 
40,600 
196,710 
113,068 


618,887 

307,920 

1,030 
28,487 
162,860 
161,473 
190,973 


265,709 
17,220 

152,823 
95,062 

96,937 
6,078 
62,184 
28,564 

139,284 

4,578 
76,122 
58,349 

4,673 

255 

2,970 

1,419 


864,661 

454,177 

1,004 

35,461 

224,348 

245,512 

356,995 


407,521 
20,645 
220,409 
165, 770 

153,806 

7,637 

95,560 

60,464 

261,033 

6,522 

129,978 

124,166 

6,123 

302 

3,731 

2,065 


57.6 

55.1 

1.8 
32.5 
70.5 
82.9 
79.4 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


139,116 

98,847 

225 
4,050 
17,271 
23,494 


Per 
cent. 


93,393   13.2 


57.6 
15.9 
77.2 
81.1 

51.7 
10.9 
69.1 
76.7 

62.9 
16.1 
68.9 
74.1 

67.4 
19.8 
75.6 
78.0 


49.6 

47.0 

0.8 
18.3 
52.2 
70.8 
70.3 


50.3 
11.4 
63.4 
72.3 

45.6 

8.8 

61.1 

69.4 

50.9 
10.1 
54.1 
68.0 

47.6 
13.8 
53.5 
60.8 


46.7 
44.7 

0.5 
14.5 
45.3 

65.2 
66.8 


49.2 
9.7 
59.2 
70.6 

41.6 
6.5] 
54.5 
66.5 

48.6 
8.5 
48.9 
64.6 

45.9 
11.3 
51.5 
62.4 


76,896 

1,949 

21^326 

63,331 

6,920 
120 
2,08 
4,609 

13,279 

111 

2,048 

11,046 

40,899 

2,044 

14,913 

23,648 


40,664 

27,166 

25 

375 

3,152 

6,696 

30,247 


21,042 
233 

6,118 
15,604 

6,657 

52 

1,871 

3,713 

11,693 
62 

2,147 
9,354 

574 

7 
215 
349 


77,290 
46,269 

21 

431 

4,786 

11,083 

60,799 


36,735 

230 

7,631 

28,787 

10,966 

107 

3,229 

7,607 

26,736 

79 

4,117 

22,491 

706 

11 

2C' 

453 


4.9 

4.9 

(») 
0.9 
2.5 
4.7 


Di- 
vorced 


13,759 
6,931 

63 
1,201 
3,976 
3,338 
5,121 


FEMALES  15  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.' 


8,659,043 

1,829,501 

475,118 
434,844 
(>50,256 
436,581 
555,632 


4.3 
0.3 
2.8 
12.2 

3.6 
0.2 
2.4 
10.7 

7.2 
0.4 
2.6 
14.1 

6.7 
1 
6 
16.3 


3.8 
4.1 

1.1 
3.1 
11.1 


4.0 
0.2 
2.1 
11.9 

2.7 
0.1 
1.8 
9.0 

4.2 
0.1 
1.6 
10.9 

5.8 
0.4 
3.9 
16.0 


4.2 

4.6 

(') 
0.2 
1.0 
2.9 
11.4 


4.4 
0.1 
2.0 
12.3 

3.0 
0.1 
1.8 
10.0 

5.0 

0.1 

1.6 

11.7 

5.3 
0.4 
.3.3 
13.7 


6,857 

646 

3,492 

2,690 

847 

37 

461 

346 

845 

20 

286 

638 

6,096 

644 

3,012 

1,616 


1,168 

3,842 

21 

265 

1,636 

2,256 

3,950 


4,519 

160 

2,199 

2,143 

1,605 
59 

868 
677 

1,600 
29 
571 
991 

179 

8 

112 

67 


18,802 

6,927 

14 

393 

3,624 

5,507 

9,220 


10,244 

232 

5,084 

4," 

3,893 

105 

2,243 

1,543 

4,27n 

47 

1,571 

2,642 

186 

7 

105 

73: 


1,618,827 
591,033 
681,334 
343,684 

182,903 
64,215 
82,500 
35,909 

129,823 
22,157 
55,027 
52, 144 

607,240 
224,898 
259,799 
119,682 


761,794 
457,436 

113,663 
114,793 
200,497 
145, 790 
174,934 


403,138 
134,765 
179,661 
87,261 

179, 157 
65,971 
86,140 
26,857 

139,211 
19,264 
67,199 
52,492 

7,650 
1, 
4,169 
1,566 


1,324,777 
726,094 

170,609 
182, 750 
338,917 
263,398 
365,890 


668,799 
192,359 
292,049 
182,337 

339, 195 
117,265 
161,816 
59,736 

287, 474 
36, 121 
133,958 
116,888 

10,446 
2,464 
5,457 
2,423 


Single. 


Number. 


647,723 
493,720 

378,736 

146,286 

77,238 

23,808 

20,282 


413,689 

341,247 

59,656 

12,061 

61,052 

44,481 

13,568 

2,931 

18,328 
10,929 
5,190 
2,117 

149,980 

124,2.34 

22,194 

3,064 


189,682 

115,137 

97, 397 
46,384 
29,384 
9,464 
6,469 


Per 
cent 


25.3 

27.0 

79.7 
33.6 
11.9 
5.5 
3.7 


107,398 
84,243 
19,69 
3,126 

59,454 

46,156 

11,882 

1,352 

17,348 
9,219 
6,294 
1,777 

1,718 

1,021 

593 

92 


363,457 

215,790 

152,951 
89,973 
71,834 
27,616 
20, 2S" 


184,921 

130,679 

44,520 

9,222 

127, 634 

88,533 

34,221 

4,742 

45,081 
19, 780 
19,122 
6,052 

2,445 

1,539 

762 

132 


25.6 
57.7 
8.8 
3.5 

33.4 
69.3 
16.4 
8.2 

14.1 

49.3 

9.4 

4.1 

24.7 

55.2 

8.5 

2.6 


88.  S 

2.5.2 

85.7 
40.4 
14.7 
6.5 
3.7 


Married. 


Number. 


1, 614, 155 
1,100,267 

89,685 
272,043 
532,821 
365,530 
351,174 


26.6 

62.5 

11.0 

3.6 

33.2 
70.0 
13.8 
5.0 

12.5 
47.9 
9.4 
3.4 

22.5 
54.6 
14 
5.9 


27.4 

29.7 

89.7 
49.2 
21.2 
10.5 
5.5 


27.6 
67.9 
15.2 
5.1 

37.6 

75.5 

21.1 

7.9 

15.7 
54.8 
14.3 
5.2 

23. 
62.5 
14.0 
5.4 


1,051,721 
239,519 
683,580 
227,500 

104,920 
18,839 
63,510 
22,455 

87,633 
10,774 
45,879 
30,728 

356,996 
89,  .365 

198,331 
67,931 


484,847 

292,622 


Per 
cent 


63.1 

60.1 

18.9 
62.6 
81.9 
83.7 
63.2 


65.0 
40.5 
85.7 
66.2 

57.4 
29.3 
77.0 
62.5 

67.5 
48.6 
83.4 
58.9 

58. 
39.7 
76.3 
56.8 


64.6 

64.0 


13.2 


15,039 

66,016i  57.5 
81.3 
85.0 
66.3 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


271,269 

220, 540 

2,901 
11,840 
32,850 
42,840 
179,517 


163,095 
123,907 
115,907 


257,573 
48,560 

149,895 
58,534 

107,443 
18,881 
69,380 
19,100 

100,126 

9,745 

56,934 

33,338 


63.9 
36.0 
83.4 
67. 

60.0 
28.6 
80.5 
71.1 

71.9 
50.6 
84.7 
63.5 


4,333!  56.6 


752 

2,811 

751 


802,002 
422,178 

16,613 

89,619 

252,949 

211,6.39 

229,970 


404,160 

59,268 

228,228 

115,926 

183,883 
27,563 

117,536 
38,630 

194,913 
15,937 

107,310 
71,452 

5,912 

834 

3,847 

1,205 


40.2 
67.4 
48.0 


60.5 
58.1 

9.7 
49.0 
74.6 
80.3 
62.9 


60.4 
30.8 
78.1 
63.6 

54.2 
23.5 
72.6 
64.7 

67.8 
44.1 
80.1 
61.1 

56.6 
33.8 
70.5 
49.7 


141,586 

5,872 

33,436 

101,951 

15,439 

427 

4,690 

10,255 

22,882 

266 

3,571 

18,922 

88,954 

7,994 

33,395 

46,773 


67,481 

44,609 

194 

1,118 

5,318 

10, 389 

50,212 


Per 
cent. 


10.6 

12.1 


0.6 
2.7 
5.1 


32.3 


8.7 

1.0 

4.9 

29.7 

8.4 
0.7 
5.7 
28.6 

17.6 
1.2 
6.5 

36.3 

14.6 
3.6 
12.9 
39.1 


9.0 


0.2 
1.0 
2.7 
7.1 
28.7 


Di- 
vorced. 


32,645 

702 

7,413 

24,386 

10, 131 

281 

3,772 

6,052 

20,389 

154 

3,378 

16,802 

1,341 
50 
602 
682 


140,049 
79,930 

172 

1,367 

8,833 

18,840 

110,493 


68,678 

872 

13,296 

54,339 

23,061 

360 

7,200 

15,455 

44,455 

203 

6,049 

38,114 

1,785 

51 

681 

1,039 


8.1 

0.5 

4 

27.9 

5.7 
0.4 
4.4 
22.5 

14.6 
0.8 
5.0 

32.0 

17.6 

2.7 

14.4 

43.6 


10.6 
11.0 

0.1 
0.7 
2.6 
7.2 
.30.2 


10.3 
0.5 

4. 
29.8 


0.3 
4.4 
25.9 

15.5 
0.6 
4.5 

32.6 

17.1 

2.1 

12.5 

42.91 


»  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


>  Totals  include  persons  of  unknown  age. 


•  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


160  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  STATES:  1910. 


Table  33 


DIVISION,  STATE,  AND  CLASS  OF 
POPXTLATION. 


NEW  ENGLAND. 


Maine 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


New  Hampshire 

Native  white— Native  jjarentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro . . .  -■ 


Vermont 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro ■ 


Uassachnsetts 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Khode  Island 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  pax. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Connecticut 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 


New  York 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


New  Jersey 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Pennsylvania 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


Ohio 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Indiana 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Illinois 

Native  white— Native  parentf^e 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 


Uictalg^an 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


MALES  15  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total  1 


Wisconsin 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


Minnesota 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


274,942 

184,306 

36,109 

53,515 

554 

159,970 

87, 153 

25,223 

47,286 

229 

132,793 

81,917 

23,832 

25,971 

1,054 

1,197,828 

388,440 

298,033 

494,256 

14,237 

195,731 

57,503 

50,088 

84,260 

3,510 

408,098 

140,456 

94,444 

167,269 

5,371 


3,333,279 

1,096,881 

840,414 

1,336,493 

51,428 

914,768 

339,326 
205,558 
335,718 
32,831 

2,749,650 

1,380,473 

486,375 

807,374 

72,613 


1,755,663 

1,026,164 

354,009 

329,952 

44,894 

979,664 

726,448 
134,958 
93,911 
23,848 

2,071,223 

850,193 

530,761 

642,776 

45,199 

1,033,089 

408,  as 

295, 782 

319, 129 

7,087 

829,051 

201,512 

341,962 

280,951 

1,209 


773,283 
171,964 
283,055 
311,629 
3,657 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


96,261 

59,313 

18, 674 

16,837 

250 

67,073 

26,584 

14,017 

16,348 

95 

46, 567 

27,295 

9,914 

7,584 

765 

479, 048 
140,370 
174, 172 
157, 136 
5,941 

78,502 

21,915 

29,371 

25,641 

1,404 

160,274 

50,885 

54,539 

52,660 

1,     ' 


1,327,337 

438,734 

433,787 

428,955 

21, 151 

346,644 

127,941 

106,680 

98,895 

12,228 

1,056,327 

521, 643 

241,593 

262,913 

28,158 


634, 137 

379,346 

145,585 

91,065 

17,774 

333,109 

249,382 
48,662 
25,762 
9,045 

813,770 
331,991 
269,592 
193,323 
17,441 

373, 079 

142,417 

145,641 

81,185 

2,610 

343,440 

101,223 

173,930 

66,467 

531 


362,119 
86,030 
171,389 
101,836 
1,772 


Per 
cent. 


34.6 
32.2 
51.7 
31.5 
45.1 

36.7 
30.5 
65.6 
34.6 
41.5 

34.3 
33.3 
41.6 
29.2 
72.6 

40.0 

36.1 
58.4 
31.8 
41.7 

40.1 

38.1 
58.6 
30.4 
40.0 

39.3 

36.2 
57.7 
31.5 
35.2 


39.8 
40.0 
51.6 
32.1 
41.1 

37.9 
37.7 
51.9 
29.5 
37.2 

38.4 

37.8 
49.7 
32.6 
38.8 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


168,941 

109,418 

15,866 

33, 174 

249 

91,064 

52,419 

10,240 

28,246 

111 

77, 671 

48,153 

12,752 

16,510 

248 

666,740 

221,584 

115, 191 

310, 195 

7,391 

105,671 

31,218 
18,940 
53,469 

226,773 

79,608 

37, 173 

105,732 

3,034 


1,840,960 

592,718 

377,570 

840,237 

27,435 

624,166 

192,993 
92,299 

219, 719 
18,649 

1,660,397 

786,799 
226,534 
506,985 
39,439 


Per 
cent. 


36.1 
37.0 
41.1 
27.6 
39.6 

34.0 

34.3 
36.1 
27.4 
37.9 

39.3 

39.0 
50.8 
30.1 
38.6 

36.1 

34.9 
49.2 
25.4 
36.8 

41.4 
60.2 
50.9 
23.7 
43.9 


1,022,124' 

588,8451 

193,578 

216, 2391 

23, 210 

686,360: 

433,233 
79,676 
60,006 
12,327 

1,143,793 

464,248 

244,414 

410,953 

23,361 

602,102 

240,128 

140,801 

215,998 

3,794 

444,704 
90,892 
159,881 
191,563 
561 


46.8!    373,701 


60.0 
60.5 
32.7 
48.5 


76,655 

105,436 

188,358 

1,618 


67.8 
69.4 
43.9 
62.0 
44.9 

66.9 

60.1 
40.6 
59.7 
48.5 

68.5 

68.8 
53.5 
63.6 
23.5 

64.7 
57.0 
38.7 
62.8 
51.9 

64.0 

64.3 
37.8 
63.5 
53.0 

66.3 

56.7 
39.4 
63.2 
56.5 


66 

54.0 
44, 
62 
53.3 

67.3 
56.9 
44.9 
65.4 
56 

66.8 

57.0 
46.6 
62.8 
64.3 


58.2 

57.4 
54.7 
65.5 
61.7 

69.8 

69.6 
59.0 
63.9 
51.7 

66.2 

54.6 
46.1 
63.9 
51.7 

58.3 

58.8 
47.  C 
67.7 
53.6 

53.6 

45.1 
46.8 
68.2 
45.6 


48.3 
44.6 
37.2 
60.4 
44.2 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


17,631 
13,063 
1,302 
3,086 
46 

9,820 

6,668 

720 

2,412 

18 

8,281 

5,539 

997 

1,717 

27 

66,800 
23,076 
7,548 
25,379 
753 

9,832 

3,541 

1,383 

4,687 

208 

19,733 

8,733 

2,352 

8,220 

402 


146,844 

64,712 

25,721 

62,605 

2,533 

39, 812 

16,361 
5,779 

15,882 
1,775 

117, 728 

63,663 

16,902 

33,767 

4,365 


83,738 
47,683 
12,467 
20,412 
3,162 

49,604 

35,339 
5,342 
6,939 
1," 

86,077 
36,580 
12,241 
33,998 
3,232 

47,409 

19,895 
7,138 
19,636 


34, 670 
7,190 
6,420 

20,625 


6.4 

7.1 
3.6 
5.8 
8.3 

6.1 

7.7 
2.9 
5.1 

7.9 

6.2 

6.8 
4.2 
6.6 
2.6 

4:7 
5.9 
2.5 
5.1 
5.3 

6.0 

6.2 
2.8 
5.6 
6.9 

4.8 

6.2 
2.5 

4.9 
7.'5 


14 

5.0 
3.1 

4.7 
4.9 

4.4 

4.8 
2.8 
4.7 
6.4 

4.3 

4, 

3.3 

4.2 

6.0 


4.8 

4.6 
3.5 
6.2 
7.0 

6.1 

4.9 
4.0 
7.4 
8.3 

4.2 

4.3 
2.3 
5.3 
7.2 

4.6 

4.9 
2.4 
6.2 
7.0 

4.2 

3.6 
1.9 
7.3 

7.4 


9,365     3.8 


6,033' 

4,269: 

18,686 

187 


Di- 
vorced, 


2,636 

2,146 

226 

252 

9 

1,698 

1,235 

182 

177 

4 

1,141 

851 

154 

121 

14 

4,331 
2,503 

878 
859 
87 

1,097 

603 
235 
226 
32 

1,380 

857 
236 
255 
31 


7,436 

3,784 

1, — 

1,775 

164 

1,662 

824 
296 
343 


7,138 

4,754 

1,220 

911 

248 


10,694 

6,921 
1,971 
1,144 

558 

7,865 

6,044 

942 

459 

418 

11,008 

5,740^ 

2,352 

2,277 

635 

7,479 
4,102 
1,637 
1,594 
130 

3,876 

1,188 

1,190 

1,424 

26 


2,836 

969 

681 

1,119 

38 


FEMALES  16  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total  1 


264,363 

181,052 

34,862 

47,659 

495 

157,877 

88,686 

26,582 

42,386 

211 

124,884 

79,879 

24,689 

19,988 

320 

1,259,896 

418,954 

329,011 

497,089 

14,676 

197,320 

58,123 

54,197 

81,202 

3,689 

397,666 
146,409 
103,012 
142,182 
5,983 


3,291,714 

1,121,766 

909,613 

1,201,766 

56,485 

884,483 

348,032 
220,250 
281,245 
34,868 

2,546,636 

1,417,123 

513,818 

541,500 

73,673 


1, 667, 482 

1,016,202 

376,287 

234,883 

40,052 

926,273 

707, 629 
136,664 
69,077 
21,818 

1,901,666 

810,9291 

551,4041 

499,129 

39,961 

944,683 

389, 159 

299, 472 

247,677 

0,194 

764,606 

194,408 

343,128 

213, 111 

1,099 


640,950 

147, 783 

274, 182 

213, 947 

2,334 


Stogie. 


Num- 
ber. 


72,643 

46,961 

15, 108 

10,208 

192 

46,908 

23,179 

12,948 

10,693 

84 

32,963 

21,144 

8,426 

3,308 

84 

465,040 

148,497 

178,439 

133,251 

4,783 

70,730 

20,029 

28,977 

20,576 

1,108 

133,658 

48,878 

52,847 

30,046 

1,870 


1, 109, 671 

387,512 

408,960 

294,396 

18,268 

279,432 

115, 679 
98,627 
54,789 
10,302 

800,392 

468,966 

221,334 

87,476 

22,166 


481, 784 
307,598 
132,806 
30,763 
10,696 

242,128 

187, 713 
43,044 
6,105 
5,238 

677, 197 

251,523 

234,596 

82,172 

8,860 

266, 062 

104,583 

118,941 

30,476 

1,520 

246,039 

83,363 

141,402 

20,249 

367 


224,076 
59,930 

134,653 

28,317 

641 


Per 
cent. 


27.4 

25.9 
43.3 
21.4 
38.8 

29.7 

26.1 
48.7 
25.2 
39 

26.4 

26.5 
34.1 
16.5 
26.3 

36.9 

35.4 
64.2 
26.8 
32.8 

36.8 

34.5 
63.5 
25.3 
30.0 

33.6 

33.4 
51.3 
21.1 
31.3 


33.7 
34.5 
45.0 
24.5 
32.3 

31.6 
33.2 
44.8 
19.5 
29.5 

31.4 

33 

43.1 

16.2 

30.1 


28.9 

30.3 
35.3 
13 
26.5 

26.2 
26.5 
31.5 
10.3 
24.0 

30.4 

31.0 
42.5 
16.6 
22.2 

27.1 

26.9 
39.7 
12.3 
24.5 

32.6 
42.9 
41.2 
9.5 
32.5 


35.0 

40.6 
49.1 
13.2 
27.6 


Married. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent. 


156,636 

107,319 

17,062 

31,756 

217 

89,367 

50,467 

12,021 

26,765 

97 

75,681 

47,608 

14, 155 

13,713 

199 

644, 531 

206,461 

131,046 

299,648 

7,232 

102, 938 

29,091 

21,958 

50,002 

1,841 

217,302 

76,848 
44,179 
94,184 
3,055 


1,793,668 

597,958 

426,515 

739,251 

28,677 

606,986 

192,633 

106,193 

188,853 

19,256 

1,473,466 

801,976 

249,263 

382,012 

40,156 


991, 870 

600,780 
208,993 
159,425 
22,641 

576, 524 

443,992 

80,784 

39,498 

12,204 

1,113,992 

471,887 
281,090 
337,  — 
23,051 

587,253 

239, 877 

162,988 

179,422 

3,576 

436,336 

94,783 

185,153 

153,049 

549 


360, 136 

74, 495 

128,907 

153, 731 

1,328< 


69.2 

59.3 


43.8 

66.6 
56.9 
45.2 
63.1 
46.0 

60.6 

59.6 
57.3 
68.6 
62.2 

61.2 

49.3 
39, 
60.3 
49.6 

52.2 

50.1 
40.5 
61.6 
49.9 

54.6 

51.8 
42.9 
66.2 
51.1 


64.6 

53.3 
46.9 
61.5 
50.6 

67.3 
55.3 

48.2 
67.1 
55.2 

67.9 

66. 

48.5 

70.5 

54.5 


69.6 

59.1 
55.5 
67.9 
56.5 

62.3 

62.7 
59, 
66. 
55.9 

68.6 

58.2 
51 

67.7 
67.7 

62.2 

61.0 
54 

72.5 
57 

67.7 

48.8 
54.0 
71.8 
69.0 


66.2 

50.4 
47.0 
71.9 
56.9 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


32,444 

24,475 
2,442 
5,416 

74 

19,836 

13,732 
1,382 

26 

15,216 

10,350 

1,955 

2,    " 

29 

143,519 

60,210 
18,192 
62,623 
2,447 

21,521 

7,929 

2,822 

10,075 

673 

44,541 

20,466 
5,528 
17,544 


373, 190 

129, 138 
70,420 
164, 167 


94,289 

37,925 

14,492 

36,757 

5,112 

269,641 

137, 781 
40,551 
70,528 
10,769 


178,798 
97,584 
31,623 
43,448 
6,138 

96,210 

67,741 
11,562 
13,046 
3,851 

191,346 

77,633 

30,759 

75,766 

7,172 

92,424 

40,003 
15,103 
36,030 


67,563 
14,450 
14,273 
38,334 
165 


61,176 
11,407 
8,568 
30,487 
322< 


Per 
cent. 


Di- 
VOTced. 


12.3 
13.5 
7.0 
11.4 
14.9 

12.6 

15.5 
5.2 
11.1 
12.3 

12.2 

13.0 

7. 

14.4 
9.1 

11.4 

14.4 
5.5 
12.6 
16. 

10.9 

13.6 
5.2 
12.4 
18.2 

11.2 

14.0 
5.4 
12.3 
16.5 


11.3 
11.5 

7.7 
13.7 
16.3 

10.7 
10.9 
6.6 
13.1 
14.7 

10.2 

9.7 
7.9 
13.0 
14.6 


10.7 
9.6 
8.4 
18.5 
15.3 

10.4 

9.6 
8.5 
22.1 

17.7 

10.1 

9.6 

5. 

15.2 
17.9 

9.8 
10.3 

5.0 
14.6 
15.6 

9.0 

7.4 
4.2 
18.0 
15.0 


8.0 

7.7 
3.1 
14.2 
13.8 


1  Total  includes  persons  whoso  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


MARITAL  CONDITION.  161 

MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  STATES:  1910— Continued. 


Table  33— Continued. 


DIVISION,  STATE,  AND  CLASS  OF 
POPULATION. 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL—Contd. 

Iowa 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Uissooil 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 

North  Dakota 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 

South  Dakota 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Hebraaka 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Kansas 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

Delawan 

Native  white— Native  i>arentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Maryland 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreigu-bom  white 

Negro 

District  of  Columbia 

Native  whilo— Native  parentage 

Native  whit©— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Vtrelnla 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro - 

WestVlrrbila 

Native  wliite— Native  parentage 

Native  wliite— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bora  wliite 

Negro 

Korth  Carolina 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

South  Carolina 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Georgia 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

N^ro 

Florida 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Kentucky » 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  nuxed  par.. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 

Tennessee , 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


72497"— 12 


MALES  15  YEARS  OP  AGE  AND  OVEB. 


TotaL" 


800,459 

416,633 

223,805 

153,433 

6,222 

1,171,394 

784,027 
197,943 
127,084 
61,645 

210,192 

52,999 

68,397 

86,403 

331 

215,201 

80,997 

70,096 

67,481 

373 

430,112 

209,222 

117,011 

98,535 

3,541 

614,015 

409,522 
104,490 
78,073 
20,877 


73,898 
45,405 
7,963 
9,480 
11,015 

442,299 

250,190 
63,327 
51,194 
77,191 

119,832 

68,650 
16,277 
12,344 
32,166 

660,073 

418,792 
13,001 
15,891 

202,055 

416,171 

330,741 
18,796 
39,213 
27,317 

646,759 

446,127 

2,820 

3,546 

191,986 

434,468 

201,725 

4,013 

3,568 

225,020 

779,784 

422,261 

9,256 

9,086 

338,942 

258,493 

121,737 

9,974 

19,154 

107,388 


745,909 

583,426 
48,975 
21,155 
92,230 

693,173 

517, 289 

14,249 

10,062 

150,860 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


308,673 

102,344 

105,833 

37,907 

2,350 

435,219 
294,518 
82,482 
33,835 
23,967 

98,659 
25,375 
41,731 
30,643 
190 

96,007 

37,373 

39,023 

17,569 

170 

178,075 
85,405 
62,318 
25,871 
1,541 

229,804 

153,290 

48,269 

19,913 

7,711 


28,027 

16,516 
3,907 
3,061 
4,518 

171,025 

100,419 
27,337 
12,928 
30,141 

48,164 

24,382 
7,264 
4,162 

12, 132 

250,218 

169,442 

6,078 

6,193 

79,328 

161, 746 

124,643 
7,287 
16,600 
13,144 

234,954 

162,390 

1,157 

1,136 

69,483 

154,312 

75,845 
1,731 
1,210 

75,462 

266,405 

149,496 

4,181 

3,132 

109,458 

94,096 

44,497 
4,571 
6,628 

38,277 


265,864 

206,767 
19,44 
4,349 
35,239 

242,482 

180,783 
5,858 
2,911 
52,874 


Per 
cent. 


38.6 

39.0 
47.3 
24.7 
37.8 

37.2 
37.6 

41 

20.6 

38.9 

46.9 

47.9 
61.0 
35.5 
57.4 

44.6 

46.1 
65.7 
30.6 
45.6 

40.9 

40.8 
53.3 
26.3 
43.5 

37.4 
37.4 
46.2 
25.5 
36.9 


87.9 
36.4 
49.1 
32.3 
41.0 

38.7 
40.1 
43.2 
25.3 
39.0 

40.2 
41.6 
44.6 
33.7 
37.7 

38.5 

38.1 
46.81 
32.7 
39.3 

38.9 

37 

38.8 

42.3 

48.1 

36.3 
36.4 
41.0 
32.0 
36.2 

35.5 

37.6 
43.1 
33.9 
33.5 

34.2 
35.4 
45.2 
34.5 
32.3 

36.4 

36.6 
45.8 
34.6 
35.6 


35.6 
35.4 
39. 
20.  C 
38.2 

35.0 
34.9 
41.1 
27.3 
35.0 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


447,132 

231,338 

110,941 

101,522 

3,221 

665,938 

444,874 
107,560 
81,537 
31,714 

102,080 

24,894 

24,044 

51,207 

107 

108,368 

39,470 

28,976 

35,820 

176 

233,273 

113,379 

51,708 

65,653 

1,702 

348,915 

233,551 
62,467 
61,390 
11,166 


41,451 

26,344 
3,720 

5,757 
6,021 

246,717 
137, 201 
33,315 
34,518 
41,495 

64,432 

31,082 
8,206 
7,110 

17,803 

364,751 

239,241 

6,189 

9,457 

109,723 

236,044 

191,850 
10,642 
21,034 
12,487 

382,288 

265,375 

1,530 

2,207 

111,770 

259,205 

117,508 
2,070 
2,070 

137,488 

470,746 

254,300 

4,646 

5,335 

206,386 

145,419 

70,286 

4,813 

11,220 

59,004 


435,835 

345,592 
27,316 
14,335 

48,538 

409,478 

310,019 

7,650 

6,734 

85,020 


Per 
cent. 


55.9 

55.5 
49.6 
66.2 
51.8 

56.9 

50.7 
54.3 
64.2 
51.4 

48.6 
47.0 
3fi.O 
59.3 
32.3 

50.4 

48.7 
41.3 
62.3 
47.2 

54.2 

54.2 
44.2 

66.6 
48.1 

56.8 

57.0 
50.2 
65.8 
63.5 


54.1 

58.0 
46.7 
60.7 
51.0 

65.8 

54.8 
52.0 
07.4 
53.8 

53.8 

53.0 
50.4 
57.0 
66.6 

56.1 

57.1 
47.6 
50.5 
54.3 

66.7 
68.0 
66.6 
53.6 
45.7 

59.1 

59.5 
54.3 
62.2 
58.2 

59.7 

58.3 
51.6 
58.0 
61.1 

60.4 

60.2 
50.2 
58.7 
60.9 

56.3 

57. 
48.3 
58.6 
54.9 


58.4 

59.2 
55.8 
67.8 
52.6 

59.1 

59.9 
53.8 
63.2 
56.4 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


35,574 

17,588 

5,176 

12,337 

462 

56,518 

35,134 
0,324 

10,229 
4,811 

6,091 

1,517 

921 

3,547 

15 

7,686 
2,724 
1,200 
3,350 
21 

16,353 

7,726 

2,110 

6,197 

237 

27,585 

17,476 

2,846 

6,638 

1,664 


3,752 

2,145 
250 
666 
791 

22,100 
11,100 
2,330 
3,517 
6,090 

6,253 

2,661 
713 
989 

1,880 

31,628 

17,985 

678 

1,169 

11,782 

16,211 

12,023 

727 

1,131 

1,330 

26,543 

16,652 

117 

184 

9,514 

18,986 

7,658 

185 

255 

10,880 

37,164 

16,215 
375 
544 

20,017 

13,320 

5,269 

429 

1,063 

6,547 


38,207 

27,042 
1,825 
2,317 
7,019 

35,783 

23,167 
629 
948 

11,029 


Per 
cent 


4.4 

4.2 
2.3 
8.0 
7.4 

4.8 

4.5 
3.2 
8.0 

7.8 

2.9 

2.9 
1.3 
4.1 
4.6 

3.6 
3.4 

1.8 
5.8 
6.6 

3.8 
3.7 
1.8 
6.3 
6.7 

4.5 

4.3 
2.7 
7.2 
7.4 


5.1 

4.7 
3.1 
6.0 
7.2 

5.0 

15 
3.7 
6.9 
6.6 

5h2 

4.5 
4.4 

8.0 
6.8 

4.9 

4.3 
6.2 
7.4 
5.8 

3.7 

3.6 
3.9 
2.9 
4.9 

11 

3.7 
4.1 
5.2 
5.0 

4.4 

3.8 
4.6 
7.1 

4.8 

4.8 

3.8 
4.1 
6.0 
5.9 

5.2 

4.3 
4.3 
5.5 
6.1 


5.1 

4.6 
3.7 
11.0 
7.6 

5.2 

4.5 
4.4 
8.9 
7.3 


Di- 
vorced, 


4,891 

3,010 
952 
786 
143 

7,020 

4,543 

1,119 

614 

742 

664 

239 

168 

247 

6 

1,189 

592 

26: 


2,396 

1,403 
452 
481 
64 

3,943 

2,704 

489 

426 

312 


184 

121 
20 
9 
34 

1,498 

852 
253 
126 
264 

535 

247 
70 
34 

183 

1,760 

1,009 

33 

35 

682 

1,431 

1,140 

63 

45 

182 

999 

655 
3 
8 

427 

401 

121 

4 

5 

271 

2,209 

876 

29 

23 

1,281 

1,562 
439 
64 
106 
953 


4,020 

2,521 
334 
114 

1,050 

3,074 

1,688 
69 
35 

1,282 


FEMALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total." 


737,250 

398,222 

221,535 

112,445 

4,943 

1,099,015 

744,906 

204,184 

92,253 

67,550 

155,146 

,  38,253 

66,972 

57,882 

185 

168,244 

62,582 

60,361 

38,809 

262 

372,138 

186, 513 

110,447 

71,348 

2,746 

539,238 

372,033 

96,709 

61,142 

18,604 


69,874 

44,339 
8,251 
7,061 

10,222 

462,046 

257,854 
68,72.5 
46,760 
78,668 

134,607 

64,779 
18,304 
10,886 
40,597 

648,661 

416, 873 

11,698 

8,970 

210,968 

356,624 

305,998 

18,489 

13,943 

18,184 

665,872 

449,883 
2,848 
1, 

206,993 

451,287 

200,121 
4,171 
2,198 

244,703 

790,110 

420,617 
9,057 
5,177 

355,224 

225,910 

111,  183 
9,959 
11, 6n 
93,068 


723,830 

560,425 
54,525 
18,008 
90,814 

684,678 

506,557 

14,731 

6,863 

156,459 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


219,845 

123,227 
84,408 
11,017 
1,112 

308,184 

211,571 
70,326 
12,008 
14,240 

46,828 
11,710 
26,018 
8,619 
56 

49,274 

19,245 
24,304 
4,392 

79 

109,278 

55,378 

45,854 

7,103 

643 

143,352 

99,335 
34,654 
4,511 
4,661 


20,576 

12,908 
3,324 
1,199 
3,145 

149,842 

90,299 
26,781 
8,269 
24,469 

46,474 
23,503 
6,911 
2,605 
13,443 

205,232 

132,248 

4,662 

1,376 

66,902 

99,881 

87,560 
6,2(» 
1,491 
4,615 

207,677 

138,684 

1,105 

325 

66,965 

130,808 

60,586 

1,665 

358 

68,178 

209,221 

117,609 

3,326 

812 

87,461 

53,103 

27,797 
3,294 
1,873 

20,134 


201,589 

154,544 

19, 813 

2,368 

24,849 

186,773 

140,301 

5,033 

967 

40,455 


Per 
cent. 


29.8 

30.9 

38.1 

9. 

22. 

28.0 

28.4 
34.4 
13.0 
24.7 

30.2 

30.6 
45.7 
14.9 
30.3 

29.3 

30.8 
40.3 
11.3 
30.2 

29.4 

29.7 
41.5 
10.0 
23.4 

26.6 

26.7 
35.8 
8.8 
24.3 


29.41 
29.1 
40.3 
17.0 
30.8 

33.1 

35.0 
39.0 
17.7 
31 

34.5 

36.3 
37.8 
23.9 
33.1 

31.6 
31.7 
39.9 
15.3 
31.7 

28.0 
28.6 
33.6 
10.7 
25.4 

31.2 

30 
38.8 
10.4 
32.0 

29.0 
30.3 
39.9 
16.3 
27.9 

26.5 

28.0 
36.7 
15.7 
24.6 

23.5 

25.0 
33.1 
16.0 
21.6 


27.8 

27.6 
36.3 
13.1 
27.4 

27.3 

27.7 
34.2 
14.1 
25,9 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


442,599 

.235,560 

124,705 

79,257 

3,008 

660,819 

456,641 
115,004 
57,499 
31,613 

98,370 
24,120 
29,107 
43,812 
106 

105,949 

38,748 

33,666 

29,277 

152 

230,441 

115,289 

59,080 

53,128 

1,627 

343,620 

238,550 
66,239 
37,558 
10,863 


40,915 

26,431 
4,166 
4,738 
5,579 

247,837 

140,728 
35,013 
29,476 
42,607 

65,688 

31,633 
9,034 
6,930 

19,065 

366,488 

241,988 
6,793 
6,274 

112,351 

225,691 

193,227 
10, 474 
10,684 
11,304 

386,528 

267,545 
1,425 
1,384 

114,810 

263,611 

119,014 
1,917 
1,296 

141, 327 

475,941 

257,544 
4,487 
3,284 

210,607 

144,107 

71,267 
5,583 
7,930 

59,305 


436,478 
349,341 

28,489 
9,659 
48,951 

411,118 

312,027 

7,870 

4,270 

86,9031 


60.0 

59.2 
56.3 
70.5 
60.9 

60.1 

61.3 
56.3 
62.3 
64.9 

63.4 

63.1 
61.1 
75, 
67.3 

63.0 

61.9 
55.8 
75.4 
58.0 

61.9 

61.8 
54.0 
74.5 
59.2 

63.7 

64.1 
58.2 
73.4 
58.1 


58.6 

69.6 
60.6 
67.1 
64.0 

54.8 

54.6 
50.9 
63.0 
54.2 

48.8 

48.8 
49.4 
54.5 
47.0 

56.5 

58.0 
49.5 
69.9 
53.3 

63.3 
63.1 
56.6 
76.6 
62.2 

58.0 

59.5 
50.0 
69.7 
64.9 

58.4 

59.5 
46.0 
59.0 
57.8 

60 

61.2 
49.5 
63.4 
59.3 

63.8 
64.1 
56.1 
67.9 
63.7 


60.3 
62.3 

52.2 
53.6 
53.9 

60.0 
61.6 
53.4 
62.2 
55.6 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


67,423 

34,790 

10,547 

21,390 

677 

118,472 

69,012 
16,847 
22,039 
10,553 

8,133 

1,840 

1,072 

6,014 

16 

U,137 

3,777 

1,721 

4,844 

27 

28,980 

13,861 

4,001 

10,574 

417 

47,021 

30,286 
5,077 
8,707 
2,908 


7,970 

4,750 

696 

1,101 

1,423 

51,842 

25,408 
6,496 
8,833 

11,103 

21,152 

9,002 
2,200 
2,282 

7,665 

73,120 

40,408 
1,193 
1,296 

30,200 

28,276 

22,880 

1,685 

1,  ""' 

2,011 

68,302 

41, 772 
301 
271 

25,765 

54,714 

19,903 
570 
533 

33,694 

98,502 

43,030 

1,176 

1,064 

53,229 

25,296 

11,008 

928 

1,733 

11,625 


78,648 

51,898 
5,650 
5,852 

15,245 

79,932 

50,422 

1,675 

1,584 

26,243 


Per 
cent, 


9.1 

8.7 
4.8 
19.0 
13.7 

10.8 

9.3 
8.3 

18.3 

5.2 

4.8 
1 

8.7 
8.6 

6.6 

6.0 
2.9 
12.5 
10.3 

7.8 

7.4 
3.0 
14.8 
16.2 

8.7 

8.1 
6.2 
17.0 
16.6 


11.4 

10.7 
8.4 
16.6 
13.9 

11.5 

9.9 
9.6 
18.9 
14.1 

16.7 

13.9 
12.0 
21.0 
18.9 

11.3 

9.7 
10.2 
14.4 
14.3 

7.9 
7.6 
9.1 
12.2 
11.1 

10.3 

9.3 
10.6 
13.6 
12.3 

12.1 

9.9 
13.7 
24.2 
13.8 

12.5 

10.2 
13.0 
20.6 
15.0 

1L2 

9.9 
9.3 
14.8 
12.5 


10.9 
9.3 
10.4 
32.5 
16.8 

1L7 

10.0 
11.4 
23.1 
18.8) 


Di- 
vorced. 


'  Total  Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


162  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  STATES:  1910— Continued. 


Table  33— Continued. 


DIVISION,  STATK,  JLND  CLASS  Or 
POPtTLATION. 


EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL— Contd. 

Alabama 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  wliite— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Mississippi 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-twm  white 

Negro 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Arkansas 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Louisiana 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Oklahoma 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Texas 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

N«gro 

MOUNTAIN. 

Montana 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Poreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Idaho 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Wyoming 

Ifative  wliite — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Colorado 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  i)ar.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

New  Mexico 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 

Arizona 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  wliite 

Negro 

Utah 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Nevada 

Native  white — Native  parentage.. . 
Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

PACIFIC. 

Washlngrton 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  i)ar. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Oregon 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

California 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


MALES  15  TKAE3  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Tot^.i 


644,390 

353,413 

10,477 

11, 174 

269,025 

539,452 

229,161 
7,050 
5,564 

297,064 


497,182 

333,362 

13,700 

10,142 

139,798 

514.989 

230;i39 
38,908 
28,148 

217,006 

653,026 

428,100 
34,625 
24,701 
45,671 

1,253,272 

811,440 
107,410 
122,601 
210,725 

175,220 

68,489 

36,938 

62,746 

911 

130,250 
71,334 

27,897 

27,341 

350 

71,730 

35,658 

12,836 

19,496 

1,408 

315,422 

174,376 
58,836 
74,439 
4,761 

114,296 

84,780 

8,607 

13,688 

718 

85,386 
33,022 
13,251 
27,976 
827 

126,697 

43,748 
44,436 
34,491 

606 

43,845 

16,786 

9,634 

13,628 

238 


605, 624 

233,617 

96,742 

155,031 

3,336 

296,368 

165,849 

50,097 

67,743 

815 

1,047,593 

429,129 

222,697 

314,192 

9,183 


Single. 


Niun- 
ber. 


222,125 

125,654 
4, 
3,284 
88,577 

185,076 

84,893 
2,756 
1,548 

95,632 

170,709 

116,807 

5,537 

2,693 

45,591 

195.341 

94,758 
15, 413 
7,979 
76,748 

197,610 

153,496 
13,724 
7,091 
16,170 

466,662 

306,165 
50,683 
35,948 
73,187 


91,760 
34,844 
22,180 
31,721 
454 

69,751 
31,924 
13,531 
12,395 
179 

40,383 

19,652 

7,417 

10,801 

988 

129,828 

69,783 

29,133 

27,180 

1,722 

43,684 

31,786 

4,037 

5,404 

283 

39,106 

15,351 

7,127 

13,070 

313 

61,890 

20,226 

18,830 

10,777 

263 

22,608 

8,314 

5,172 

7,493 

106 


246,634 

105,226 

54,335 

74,112 

1,819 

140,653 

73,648 

27,071 

31,647 

425 

480,292 
184,243 
118,588 
132,118 
3,975 


Per 
cent. 


34.6 

35.6 
42.8 
29.4 
32.9 

34.3 

37.0 
39.1 
27.8 
32.2 


34.3 

35.0 
40.4 
26.6 
32.6 

37.9 

41.2 
39.6 
28.3 
35.4 

35.7 
35.9 
39.6 
28.7 
35.4 

37.2 
37.7 
47.2 
29.3 
34.7 


62.4 

50.9 
60.0 
50.6 
49 

45.9 

44.8 
48.5 
45.3 
51.1 

66.3 

65.1 
57.8 
55.4 
70.2 

41.2 

40.0 
49.5 
36.5 
36.2 

38.2 

37.5 
46.9 
39.5 
39.4 

45.8 

46.5 
53.8 
46.7 
37.8 

4L0 

46.2 
42.4 
31.2 
43.4 

61.3 

49.5 
53.7 
55.0 
44.5 


48.6 
45.0 
56.2 
47.8 
54.5 

47.6 

44.4 
54.0 
46.7 
52.1 

46.8 

42.9 
53.3 
42.1 
43.3 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


386,415 

212,996 
5,506 
7,149 

160,594 

321,009 

134, 219 

3,919 

3,574 

178,983 


292,716 

197,496 

7,373 

6,477 

81,279 

288,797 

123,881 
21,326 
17,839 

125,446 

321,850 

250,348 
19,086 
15,507 
25,345 

717,027 

466,714 
52,940 
76,976 

120,027 


74,423 

29,779 

13,497 

27,583 

393 

64,043 

35,025 

13,469 

13,388 

142 

28,498 
14,439 
4,985 
8,001 
364 

167,799 
94,322 
27,134 
42,882 
2,608 

63,648 

47,958 

4,118 

7,412 

357 

40,708 

15,354 

5,399 

13,392 

434 

68,608 
21,079 
24,494 
21,394 
269 

18,160 

7,153 

3,841 

5,252 

106 


231,139 

112,810 

38,644 

72,569 

1,296 

137,984 

81,295 

20,725 

32,071 

333 

496,638 
213,416 
94,437 
156,393 
4,494 


Per 

cent. 


60.0 

60.3 
52.6 
64.0 
59.7 

69.6 

58.6 
65.6 
64.2 
60.3 


58.9 

59.2 
53.8 
63.9 
58.1 

66.1 

53.8 
54.8 
63.4 
57.8 

58.2 

68.5 
65.1 
62.8 
65.5 

67.2 

67.5 
49.3 
62.8 
57.0 


42.6 

43.5 
36.5 
43.9 
43.1 

49.2 
49.9 
48.3 
49.0 
40.6 

39.7 

40.5 
38.8 
41.0 
25.9 

53.2 

64.1 
46.1 
57.6 
54.8 

66.7 

56.6 
47.8 
54.1 
49.7 

47.7 
46.5 
40.7 
47.9 

52.5 

64.2 

48.2 
55.1 
62.0 
44.4 

41.4 

42.6 
39.9 
38.5 
44.5 


46.7 

48.3 
39.9 
46.8 
38.8 

46.6 

49.0 
41.4 
47.3 
40.9 

47.3 

49.7 
42.4 
49.8 


Widowed. 


Nmn- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


31,463 

13,246 
424 
683 

17,101 

27,979 

8,746 

330 

413 

18,447 


29,092 

16, 666 
681 
883 

10,857 

25,500 

8,702 

1," 

2,183 

12,684 

26,662 

19,142 
1,383 
1,659 
3,428 

67,862 
32,386 
2,957 
8,654 
13,930 


6,338 

2,264 

886 

1,975 

41 

4,407 

2,488 

624 

1,171 

17 

2,042 

1,096 

311 

649 

29 

13,467 

7,580 

3,591 
317 

5,978 

4,289 

380 

782 

61 

3,723 

1,416 

448 

1,186 

54 

3,686 

1,081 

701 

1,743 

34 

2,023 

828 
399 
696 
21 


18,207 

8,886 

2,524 

6,344 

126 

12,660 

7,653 

1,632 

3,103 

42 

46,423 

20,196 

6,810 

17,289 

538 


3.0 
3.3 
2.4 
3.1 

4.5 

3.4 

3.5 
2.2 
4.3 

4. 

2.8 
3.1 
2.4 
2.8 
2.1 
4.3 
4.3 
3.2 
4.8 
6.7 

5.2 

5.1 
4.4 
5.7 
8.6 

4.4 

4.3 

3.4 

4.2 

6.5 

2.9 

2.5 

1 

5.1 

5.6 

4.6 

4.9 
4.1 
4.4 


3.6 

3.8 
2.6 
4.1 
3.8 

4.3 

4.6 
3.3 
4.6 
5.2 

4.4 

4.7 
3.1 
5.5 
5.9 


Di- 
vorced. 


2,828 
735 
41 
41 

2,011 

2,874 

620 

21 

11 

2,319 


2,653 

1,314 
79 
67 

1,190 

1,677 

518 
134 
54 
967 

3,151 

2,226 
204 
159 
460 

6,278 

2,799 
430 
565 

2,481 


1,176 

526 
292 
314 
15 

943 

580 
164 
164 
10 

500 

304 

96 

80 

16 

2,782 

1,682 
503 
493 
95 

769 
554 
65 

75 
14 

661 

313 

117 

116 

16 

730 

271 

214 

221 

8 

608; 

289 
155 


4,606 

2,579 

842 

1,087 

60 

3,412 

2,184 

668 

615 

13 

10,784 

5,481 

2,493 

2,668 

123 


FEMALES  15  YE.VE3  OF  AGE  AND  OVEB. 


Total.i 


643,989 

345, 405 

10, 006 

6,539 

281, 202 

633,814 

220,470 

7,133 

3,116 

302,768 

457,026 

304, 841 

11,571 

5,924 

134,532 

504,796 

218,536 
42,925 
20,588 

222, 527 

468,381 

357,827 

28,161 

13,497 

39,278 

1,138,840 

737,623 

100,246 

89,814 

210,903 


98,645 

42,088 

27,208 

25,278 

627 

86,888 
51,757 
21,929 
11,696 
209 

36,026 

19,433 

8,107 

6,442 

560 

265,736 

149,657 

56,864 

45,336 

4,422 

92,287 

72,236 

7,060 

6,710 

620 

64,182 
21,377 
10,102 
13,675 
734 

108,011 

37,861 

42,734 

26,044 

365 

21,041 

8,730 

6,163 

4,030 

213 


336,130 

173,031 

80,328 

74,960 

1,907 

203,487 

127,380 

42,217 

31,365 

490 

786,160 

368,888 

216,650 

181,149 

8,049 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


169,126 

94, 154 

3,689 

758 

70,466 

136,722 

61,894 

2,334 

418 

72,021 


108,141 

72,934 

3,619 

800 

30,748 

142,819 

68,394 
13,87" 
2,840 
57,639 

100,265 

78,479 
7,689 
1,118 
8,566 

296,498 
193,882 
35,067 
13,670 
63,027 


25,961 

11,513 

10,056 

3,681 

163 

21,475 

13,710 

6,506 

1,042 

61 

8,226 

4,791 

2,529 

704 

152 

65,931 

39,489 

19,514 

5,908 

936 

21,461 

17,240 

2,226 

865 

107 

12,036 

5,121 

3,261 

2,058 

167 

30,083 

13,506 

13,731 

2,670 

81 

4,411 

2,028 

1,631 

420 

51 


88,669 

45,527 
30,467 
11,440 
437 
66,242 
33,756 
16,113 


219,546 

105,639 

81,054 

28,778 

1,909 


Per 
cent. 


26.3 

27.3 
34.8 
11.6 
25.1 

25 

28.1 
32.7 
13 
23.8 


23.7 
23.9 
31.3 
13.5 
22.9 

28.3 
31.3 
32.3 
13.8 
25.9 

21.9 
21.9 
23.9 
8.3 
21.8 

20.0 

26.3 
35.9 
15.1 
25.1 


26.3 

27.4 
37.0 
14.6 
26.0 

24.7 

26.5 
29.7 
8.9 
29.2 

23.6 

24.7 
31.2 
10.9 
27.1 

25.8 

26.4 
34.9 
13.0 
21.2 

23.3 

23.9 
3L6 
12.9 
20.6 

22.2 

24.0 
32.3 
15.0 
22.8 

27.9 

35.7 
32.1 
10.3 
22.2 

21.0 

23.2 
26.5 
10.4 
23.9 


26.5 

26.3 
37.9 
15.3 
22.9 

27.1 

26.5 
38.2 
15.5 
20.2 
27.9 
28.7 
37.4 
15.9 
23.7 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


388, 191 

215,440 

5,590 

4,658 

162,347 

323,929 

135, 663 

3,822 

2,015 

182,200 


292,600 

199,744 
6,760 
4,08^ 
81, 91 

290,536 

127,980 
22,222 
12,219 

127, 984 

317,450 

250,375 
18,745 
10, 696 
25,136 

713,569 

473,022 
57, 193 
60,629 

121,959 


64,185 

27,. 302 

15,508 

18,620 

360 

68,904 

34,498 

14,343 

9,066 

113 

24,199 

13,346 

5,116 

6,103 

306 

160,546 

93,483 

31,546 

32,664 

2,529 

61,048 

47,830 

4,222 

4,872 

305 

36, 601 

14,187 

6,085 

9,326 

402 

66,256 

21,078 

20,593 

17,607 

221 

14, 109 

5,849 

4,030 

2,868 

97 


214,653 

110,659 

44,810 

64,676 

1,133 

128,182 

81,126 

23,234 

22,287 

290 

459,167 

212,375 
115,839 
117,950 

4,  '" 


Per 

cent. 


60.3 
62.4 
52.7 
71.2 
57.7 

60.7 

61.5 
53.6 
64.7 
60.2 


64.0 

65.5 
58.4 
69.0 
60.9 

67, 

68.6 
51.8 
59.4 
57.6 

69.3 

70.0 
66.6 
79.2 
64.0 

62.7 
64.2 
57.1 
67.5 
67.8 


66.1 

64.9 
57.0 
73.7 
57.4 

67.8 

66.7 
65.4 
77.6 
54.1 

69.1 

68.7 
63.1 
79.2 
54.6 

62 

62.5 
56.5 
72.0 
57.2 

66.2 

66.2 
59 
72.6 
68.7 

65.7 

66.4 
60.2 
68.2 
64.8 
61.3 
55.7 
62.2 
67.6 
60.5 

67.1 

67.0 
65.4 
71.2 
45.6 


64.1 

64.0 
55.8 
72.9 
59.4 

63.0 

63.7 
55.0 
71.1 
59.2 

58.4 

57.6 
53.5 
65.1 
55.8 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


80, 137 

34,098 
1,246 
1,    ' 

43,634 

66,661 

21,682 
934 
679 

43,328 


51,628 

30,113 
1,107 
1,003 

19,385 

66,801 

20,757 
6,520 
6,404 

34,101 

36,128 

25,745 
1,585 
1,590 
4,871 

116,712 

64,971 

6,227 

14,885 

30,597 

7,380 
2,731 
1,368 
2,746 
82 

5,599 
2,993 


30 
2,164 

1,058 
368 
585 
76 

25,752 
14,444 
4,084 
6,349 

828 

8,845 

6,497 

543 

927 

90 

6, 

1,742 
625 

2,158 
141 

9,949 

2,497 

1,847 

6,433 

42 

2,124 

683 
403 
703 
62 


26,560 

13,770 

3,940 

7,983 

242 

17,540 
10,790 
2,419 
3,901 
88 

96,949 

44,118 

16,702 

32, 571 

1,455 


Per 
cent. 


12.4 
9.9 
11.7 
16.6 
15.5 

12.5 

9.8 
13.1 
21.4 
14.3 


11.3 

9.9 
9.6 
16.9 
14.4 

13.2 

9.5 
15.2 
26.2 
15.3 

7.9 

7.2 
5.6 
11.8 
12.4 

10.2 

8.8 
6.2 
16.6 
14.5 


7.6 

6.5 
5.0 
10.9 
13.1 

6.4 

6.8 
4.1 
12.7 
14.4 

6.2 

5.4 
4.5 
9.1 
13.6 
10.1 
9.7 
7.3 
14.0 
18.7 

9.6 

9.0 

7.7 
13.8 
17.3 

10.6 

8.1 
6.2 
15.8 
19.2 

9.2 

6.6 

4.3 

20.9 

11.5 

10.1 

7.8 
6.5 
17.4 
24.4 


7.9 

8.0 
4.9 
10.6 
12.7 
8.6 
8.6 
5.7 
12.4 
18.0 

12.2 

12.0 
7 

18.0 
18.1 


Di- 
vorced. 


>  Total  Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


163 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF   THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  FOR  THE  URBAN  AND  RURAL 

POPULATION:  1910. 


Table  34 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION 
AND  AGE  PERIOD. 


ALL  CLASSES. 

Xlkban  communities: 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

Bnral  communities: 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

86  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unkno'ivn 

NATIVE  WHITE-NATIVE 
PARENTAGE. 

Urban  commnnlties: 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Ago  unknown 

Bnral  communities: 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  f>4  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

NATIVE    WHITE -FOREIGN 
OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE. 

Urban  commnnlties : 

16  years  and  over 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

Baral  communities: 

15  years  and  over 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

26  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years.... 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 

Urban  communities : 

15  years  and  over , 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

Bnral  communities: 

15  years  and  over 

15  lo  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

NEGRO. 

Urban  communities : 

16  years  and  over 

16  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25to34years 

35  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 

Bnral  commnnlties: 

15  years  and  over , 

15  to  19  years 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  34  years 

36  to  44  years 

45  to  64  years 

65  years  and  over 

Age  unknown 


HALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OTEB. 


Total.« 


15,687,914 

1,926,230 
2,250,623 
4,155,747 
3,185,647 
3,320,634 
782,062 
67,071 

16,737,891 

2,601,052 
2,329,667 
3,745,369 
2,907,719 
3,842,798 
1,203,914 
47,372 


6,120,304 

855,  &S0 

913,338 

1,674,866 

1,133,049 

1,252,103 

347,390 

43,688 

10,112,791 

1,696,648 
1,419,576 
2,213,310 
1,720,996 
2,295,222 
741,069 
25,081 


8,694,508 

694,456 
581,132 
901,800 
718, 120 
634, 191 
61,652 
3,157 

2,190,689 
400,405 
332,989 
520,183 
426,531 
442,031 
67,010 
2,480 


4,943,990 

260,263 

603,923 

1,381,979 

1,112,341 

1,237,970 

336,850 

10,664 

2,195,903 

91,491 
219,997 
497,265 
451,185 
656,765 
270,158 
9,042 


947,605 

111,172 
142,067 
273,678 
203,931 
174,362 
34,973 
7,422 

2,111,707 

396,773 
340,090 
480,290 
346,199 
421,192 
117,509 
9,654 


Single. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent 


6,276,507 

1,901,292 

1,767,465 

1,601,477 

684,427 

367,065 

48,721 

16,060 

6,273,622 

2,646,776 

1,664,696 

1,166,480 

442,075 

365,636 

74,601 

13,359 


2,460,977 
843,231 
698,011 
671,043 
195,397 
124,624 
20,136 
8,636 

8,72-1,347 

1,661,242 

993,374 

610,708 

219,796 

190,877 

40,907 

7,444 


1,860,859 

688,827 
488,462 
406,775 
168,673 
90,834 
5,311 
1,487 

1,065,683 

396,578 
281,122 
217,935 
91,005 
61,850 
6,137 
1,056 


1,666,245 

266,726 
477,934 
617,143 
174,954 
114,666 
20,871 
3,951 

702,671 

89,946 
183,547 
221,836 
94,900 
87,735 
22,358 
2,349 


350,598 

108, 150 
93,923 
90,244 
36,765 
17,707 
2,046 
1,763 

732,874 

384,003 
194,071 
98,952 
30,438 
18,954 
4,239 
2,217 


40.0 

98. 7 
78.5 
38.6 
18.3 
10.8 
6.2 
23.9 

37.5 
97.9 
71.6 
31 
14.9 
9.5 
6.2 
28.2 


40.2 

98.5 
76.4 
36.3 
17.2 
9.9 
5.8 
19.8 

36.8 
97.9 
70.0 
27.0 
12.8 
8.3 
5.6 
29.7 


5L5 

99.2 
84.1 
45.1 
23.6 
14.3 
8.6 
47.1 

48.2 

99.0 
84.4 
41.9 
21.4 
14.0 
9.2 
42.6 


31.7 

98.6 
79.1 
37.4 
15.7 
9.3 
6.2 
37.0 

32.0 

98.3 
83.4 
44.6 
21.0 
13.4 
8.3 
26.0 


37.0 

97.3 
66.1 
33.0 
18.0 
10.2 
5.9 
23.8 

34.7 

96.8 
57.1 
20.6 
8.8 
4.5 
3.6 
23.0 


Married. 


Kum-      Per 
ber.      cent. 


8,582,080 

14,327 

463,479 

2,472,433 

2,469,541 

2,647,608 

601,954 

12,738 

9,510,620 

37,550 

636,614 

2,492,336 

2,403,612 

3,124,022 

801,814 

14,672 


3,312,088 

7,806 
206,864 
968,773 
886,124 
1,006,117 
230,910 

5,504 

5,832,001 

26,012 

411,436 

1,666,778 

1,433,218 

1,886,532 

602,491 

6,634 


1,621,357 

2,359 
89,136 
479,792 
621,323 
487,836 
39,944 
968 

1,066,348 

1,276 

40,402 

294,684 

320,894 

345,766 

43,410 


3,100,003 

2,035 
121,731 
847,058 
903,383 
1,013,657 
209,274 

2,865 

1,332,132 

816 
34,491 
268,087 
342,745 
613,823 
169,923 
1,647 


519,740 

2,056 
44,847 
170,098 
149,729 
128,504 
21, 174 
3,332 

1,229,488 

9,008 
137,263 
367,051 
290,172 
349,208 
81,496 

6,290 


54.7 

0.7 
20.6 
59.5 
77.5 
79.7 
64.2 
19.0 

56.8 
1.4 
27.3 
66.5 
81.0 
81.3 
66.6 
30.8 


54.1 
0.9 
22.6 
61.6 
78.2 
80.4 
66.6 
12.6 

67.7 
1.6 
29.0 
70.3 
83.3 
82.6 
67.7 
26.1 


46.1 

0.3 
16.3 
63.2 
72.6 
76.9 
64.8 
30.7 

48.2 

0.3 
14.8 
66.7 
75.4 
78.2 
64.8 
35.8 


62.7 

0.8 
20.2 
61.3 
81.2 
81.9 
62.1 
26.9 

60.7 

0.9 
15.7 
54.0 
76.0 
78.2 
62.9 
18.2 


54.8 

1.8 
31.6 
62.2 
73.4 
73.7 
60.5 
44.9 

58.2 

2.3 
40.4 
74.3 
83.8 
82.9 
69.4 
64.8 


Widowed. 


Num-    Per 
ber.     cent. 


665,893 

329 
6,111 
49,409 
100,035 
282,636 
225,373 
2,000 

805,497 

781 

12,704 

61,022 

98,666 

316,006' 

313,685 

2,633 


268,606 

139 
2,557 
19,881 
36,562 
105,341 
93,319 
817 

470,277 

3S9 

6,313 

32,903 

64,671 

186, 175 

189,638 

1,388 


98,157 

61 

934 

9,616 

21,748 

49,753 

16,876 

169 

62,622 

31 

463 

4,686 

10,580 

30,065 

16,667 

161 


244,984 

43 
885 
10,417 
27,297 
101,2.34 
104,638 
470 

139,742 

17 
364 
3,827 
10,598 
49,373 
75,244 
319 


63,075 

86 

1,727 

9,372 

14,222 

25,737 

11,392 

539 


126,895 

330 
5,433 
18,889 
21,922 
49,072 
30,499 

750 


4.2 

0.3 
1.2 
3.1 
8.5 
28.8 
3.0 

4.8 

(») 
0.5 
1 

3.3 
8.2 
26.1 
6.6 


4.2 

(') 
0.3 
1.3 
3.2 
8.4 
26.9 
1.9 

4.7 

(») 
0.4| 
1 

3.2 

8.1 

26.5 

6. 


2.7 

(').. 
0.2| 

1 

3.0 

7.8 

25.8 

6.4 

2.9 

(•) 
0.1 
0.9 
2.6 
6.8 
24.9 
6.1 


6.0] 
(•) 
0.1 
0.8 
2.5 
8.2 
31.1 
4.4 

6.4 

(') 
0.2 
0.8 
2.3 
7.5 

27.9 
3.5 


6.7 

0.1 
1.2 
3.4 
7.0 
14.8 
32.6 
7.3 

6.0 

0.1 

1 

3.9 

6.3 
11.7 
26.0 

7.8 


Di- 
vorced 


78,616 

116 
2,911 
19,088 
24,383 
27,333 
4,483 
302 

77,546 

231 
3,821 
15,483 
18,305 
30,844 
8,592 
270 


40,545 

57 
1,611 
10,231 
12,260 
13,787 
2,423 
176 

46, 9U 

121 
2,152 
9,162 
11,052 
19,039 
5,230 
165 


15,834 

26 

484 

3,996 

5,634 

6,233 

436 

26 

8,854 

8 

261 

1,694 

2,474 

3,865 

651 

21 


14,186 

11 
254 
2,231 
3,960 
6,304 
1, 
36 

8,874 

7 

104 

716 

1,627 

4,     * 

1, 

32 


7,942 

22 

557 

2,595 

2,493 

1,981 

230 

64 

12,204 

82 
1,252 
3,813 
2,965 
3,273 
769 
50 


FEMALES  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OTEB. 


TotaI.i 


15,333,853 

2,077,041 
2,319,935 
3,879,847 
2,947,612 
3,167,330 
910,948 
31,140 

14,713,472 

2,459,280 
2,156,759 
3,371,225 
2,556,709 
3,093,427 
1,052,600 
23,472 


6,197,574 

920,693 

969,121 

1,541,876 

1,081,173 

1,243,519 

424,400 

16,793 

9,326,326 

1,615,834 
1,380,887 
2,120,634 
1,560,540 
1,049,150 
687,319 
11,947 


8,956,301 

740,976 
657,325 
1,006,934 
788,203 
684,721 
73,802 
3,340 

1,931,830 

369,738 
301,662 
476,409 
372,929 
356,443 
63,122 
1,527 


4,112,236 

271,574 

608,702 
1,023,072 

872,986 
1,061,050 

370,068 
4,784 

1,334,070 

60,433 
97,759 
266,095 
275,056 
436, 733 
206,273 
1,721 


1,058,325 

142,255 
182,805 
304,303 
203,462 
176,897 
42,462 
6,141 

2,045,019 

410,216 
365,833 
491,045 
335,270 
336,652 
99,180 
7,823 


Single. 


Num-     Per 
ber.      cent 


5,025,467 

1,901,171 

1,295,154 

1,012,546 

429,218 

313, 150 

65,290 

8,938 

3,907,703 

2,084,593 
868,529 
604,180 
199,298 
186,414 
68,933 
5,756 


2,106,687 
836,939 
638,048 
397,011 
160,205 
133,232 
36,537 
4*715 

2,537,435 

1,362,917 
656,486 
316, 183 
124,250 
128,575 
46,600 
3,424 


1,762,246 

704,412 

435,564 

350,373 

164,241 

08,691 

7,366 

1,609 

690,771 

343,879 
166,413 
103,804 
42,789 
20,810 
3,633 
634 


860,659 

238,710 

242,695 

203,521 

84,197 

70,463 

19,585 

1,  " 

133,451 

39, 131 
29,483 
28,213 
14,243 
16,899 
6,205 
277 


292,992 

119,824 
78,189 
61,019 
20,414 
10,647 
1,790 
1,109 

531,004 

328,691 
113,207 
54,663 
17,691 
11,836 
3,453 
1,463 


32.8 

91.5 
55.8 
26.1 
14.6 
9.9 
7.2 
28.7 

26.6 

84.8 
40.3 
16.0 
7.8 
6.0 
5.6 
24.6 


Married. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent 


8,376,444 

160,622 

984,534 

2,698,805 

2,222,404 

2,030,143 

269,471 

10,465 

9,308,243 

352,617 
1,240,828 
2,745,089 
2)187,906 
2,353,354 

417,864 
10,685 


34.0 
90.9 
56.5 
26.7 

14.8 
10.7 
8.6 
28.1 

27.2 

84.3 

40.3 

14.9 

8.0 

6.6 

6.6 

28.7 


44.6 

95.1 
66.3 
34.8 
20.8 
14.4 
10.0 
48.2 

35.8 

93.0 
66.2 
21.8 
11 
8.4 
6.7 
36.0 


20.9 

87.9 
47.7 
19.9 
9.6 
6.6 
5.3 
31.1 

10.0 

77.6 
30.2 
10.6 
5.2 
3.6 
3.0 
16.1 


27.7 

84.2 
42.8 
20.1 
10.0 
6.0 
4.2 
18.1 

26.0 

80.1 

30. 

11.1 
6.3 
3.5 
3.5 

18.7 


54  6 

7.7 
42.4 
69.6 
75.4 
64.1 
29.6 
33.6 

63.3 

14.3 
57.5 
81.4 
86.6 
76.1 
39.7 
45.1 


3,318,766 

77,006 
414,229 
1,078,251 
815,462 
801,794 
126,824 
5,200 

5,900,619 

241,328 

802,622 

1,744,772 

1,347,617 

1,487,907 

271,360 

6,013 


1,878,389 
32,354 
214,895 
623,348 
666,366 
429,278 
22,116 
1,032 

1,130,234 

23,441 
132,382 
362,335 
312,512 
276,636 
c  22,310 
""   619 


,628,402 
31,151 
261,727 
792,309 
717,762 
712,035 
111,587 
1,831 

995,601 

10,898 

67,289 

232,777 

247,724 

347,897 

88,150 

866 


544,179 

19,869 
92,407 
201,987 
132,356 
86,310 
8,872 
2,378 

1,231,770 

74,218 
231,366 
390,560 
268,713 
229,513 

33,532 
3,868 


53.5 

8.4 
42.7 
69.9 
76.4 
64.5 
29.9 
31.0 

63.3 
14.9 
68.1 
82.3 
86.4 
76.3 
39.6 
42.0 


47.5 
4.4 
33.7 
61.9 
70.6 
62.7 
30.0 
30.9 

58.6 

6.3 
43.9 
76.1 
83.8 
77.6 
42.0 
40.6 


63 

11.5 
51.4 
77.4 
82.2 
67.1 
30.2 
38.3 

74.6 

21.6 

68. 

87.6 

90.1 

79.7 

42.7 

50.3 


51.4 

14.0 
50.6 
66.4 
65.1 
48.8 
20.9 
38.7 

60.2 

18.1 
63.2 
79.5 
80.1 
68.4 
33.8 
49.4 


Widowed. 


Num-     Per 
ber.      cent 


1,786,292 

3,079 
23,387 
127,714 
261,462 
794,341 
671,475 

4,834 

1,389,936 

7,182 
31,067 
96,613 
150,434 
630,497 
669,083 
4,160 


698,079 

1,215 
8,639 
46,364 
88,307 
293,237 
258,682 
1,635 

825,481 

3,179 

13,212 

45,653 

77,779 

318, 124 

365,871 

1,«63 


283,695 

304 

3,651 

24,324 

60,767 

160,917 

43,947 

386 

98,623 

179 

1,238 

7,317 

15,234 

47,474 

27.012 


601,642 

253 
2,518 
22,290 
65,880 
272,416 
237,261 
1,024 

198,470 

103 

602 

4,159 

11,901 

70, 435 

110,859 

411 


202,182 

1,303 
9,156 
34,636 
46,362 
77,480 
31,460 
1,785 

257,649 

3,626 
16,620 
38,717 
44,477 
90,966 
61,396 

1,847 


11.6 

0.1 

i.e 

3.3 
8.9 
25.1 
62.7 
15.5 

9.4 

6.3 

1.5 

2.9 

5.9 

17.1 

54.1 

17.7 


11.3 

0.1 
0.9 
3.6 
8.2 
23.6 
61.0 
9.7 

8.9 

0. 

1.9 

2. 

6.0 
16.3 
63.2 
13.9 


7.2 

(') 

e.6 

2.4 
7.7 
22.6 
69.6 
11.6 

5.1 

(') 
0.4 
1.6 
4.1 
13.3 
60.8 
11.1 


14.6 

0.1 
0.5 
2.2 
7.5 
25.7 
64.1 
21.4 

14.9 

0.2 
0.6 
1.6 
4.3 
16.1 
63.8 
23.9 


19.1 

0.9 
6.0 
11.4 

22.8 
43.8 
74.1 
29.1 

12.6 

0.9 
4.5 
7.9 
13.3 
27.1 
61.9 
23.6 


Di- 
vorced. 


110,991 

1,438 
10,736 
36,091 
32,228 
27,131 

3,088 
280 


*  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


*  Less  tban  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


164 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


IkiARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE   POPULATION   15  YEARS   OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  OF  250,000  INHABITANTS 

OR  MORE:  1910. 


T'able  35 

CITY  AND  CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


MALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OTEE. 


Baltimore,  Md 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Boston,  Hass 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  v.'hite— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Buffalo,  Hr.Y 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Chicago,  ni 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white , 

Negro 


Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreiga-bom  white 

Negro 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Detroit,  Mich 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

'  IjOS  Angeles,  Cal 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

MUwaukee,  Wis 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Minneapolis,  Mttin 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

New  Orleans,  La 

Native  white — Native  pai'entage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

NewYork,N.  Y 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Forei^-bom  white 

Negre 

Newark,  N.  J 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Native  white— Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par.. 

ForeigM-bom  white 

Negro , 

St.  Louis,  M« 

Native  white— Native  parentage , 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

.Foreign-bom  white 

Negro • 

San  Fraaclsco,  Cal 

Native  white — Native  parentage 

Native  white — Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-born  white 

Negro 

Washlagtom,  D.  C 

Native  wliite — Native  parentage 

Native  white— Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Total.  1 


193,703 

84.768 
42,593 
36,039 
29,982 

241,277 
55,569 
67,919 

111,103 
5,482 

152,794 

38,596 

53,524 

59,787 

791 

824, 058 

150,055 
246,428 
406,297 
19,372 

134, 873 

48,881 
49,692 
28,030 
8,246 

208,923 

43,754 

59,278 

102,008 

3,630 

177,039 

39,431 

53,671 

81,4.10 

2,465 

96, 081 
22,232 
30,877 
40,486 
2,335 

130,536 

66,333 

24,695 

31,494 

2,921 

135,870 

20,939 

54,786 

59,662 

422 

121,934 

37,207 

35,926 

,47,358 

1,321 

115,620 

44,055 
27,420 
14,093 
29,692 

1,697,045 

286,961 
457,466 
913,046 
34,269 

122,071 

30,047 
34,464 
63,920 
3,414 

660,627 

194,486 
143, 449 
180,635 
30,970 

196,496 

56,544 
53,965 
75,361 
10,374 

260,803 

85,556 
89,371 
67,078 
18,318 

197,134 

48,  .504 

56.  rao 

78,873 
911 

119,832 

58,650 
16,277 
12.344 
32,156 


Single. 


Married. 


Widowed. 


Num-      Per      Num-      Per 
ber.      cent.      ber.      cent. 


76,598 
37,243 
18,926 
8,625 
11,651 

106, 279 

24,740 

41,267 

37,391 

2,359 

63,132 

18,716 

27,666 

16,354 

362 

343,206 

64,271 

143,653 

126,504 

7,631 

56,365 

24,751 

21,887 

6,440 

3,268 

79, 854 

17,935 

32,001 

28,450 

1,350 

70,667 

17,075 

28,264 

24,352 

938 

40,102 
10,500 
16,559 
12,073 
861 


51,501 

25,646 

11,240 

10,647 

1,002 

55, 852 

11,646  , 

28,643  I  52.3 

15,351  i  25.7 

175  41. 5 


39.6 

43.9 
44.4 
23.9 
38.9 

44.0 

44.5 
60.8 
33.7 
43.0 

41.3 

48.5 
51.7 
27.4 
45.8 

41.6 

42.8 
58.3 
31.1 
39.4 

41.8 

50.6 
44.0 
23.0 
39.6 

38.2 
41.0 
54.0 
27.9 
37.2 

39.9 
43.3 
52.7 
29.9 
38.1 

41.7 

47.2 
53.6 
29.8 
36.9 


39.5 

38.7 
45.5 
33.8 
34.3 

41.1 
55.6 


56. 540 
17,161 
20,889 
17,841 
588 

47.705 

22,232 

10,743 

3,722 

10,783 

711,954 

139,117 

257,869 

298,096 

13,335 

46,760 

12, 874 
17,859 
14,820 
1,115 

216,401 

82,535 
71,146 
50,622 
11,360 

83.849 

25,992 

28,963 

24,643 

4,070 

109,565 

41,702 

40,979 

19,329 

7,271 

96,430 

25,365 

32,040 

.■52, 862 

526 

48,164 

24,382 

7,264 

4,162 

12,132 


46.4 
46.1 
58.1 
37.7 
44.5 

41.3 

50.5 
39.2 
26.4 
36.3 

42.0 

48.5 
56.4 
32.6 
38.9 

38.3 

42.8 
51.8 
27.5 
32.7 

39.3 

42.4 
49.6 
2.S.0 
30.7 

42.7 

46.0 
53.7 
32.7 
39.2 

42.0 

48.7 
45.9 
28.8 
39.7 

48.9 

52.3 
56.6 
41.7 
57.7 

40.2 

41.6 
44.6 
33.7 
37.7 


106,466 

43,517 
21,827 
24,917 
16,045 

122,810 

27,098 
24,428 
67,836 
2,778 

83,284 

18,363 

24,319 

40,178 

366 

442,081 

74,303 

96,514 

260,460 

10,076 

70, 868 

22,006 
26,764 
18,809 
4,284 

121,055 
23,766 
25,991 

•  69, 154 
2,017 

98, 741 

20,231 

24,007 

63,137 

1,343 

61,147 

10,699 

13,223 

25,932 

1,363 

71,807 

36,737 

12,426 

18,855 

1,747 

74,449 

8,426 

24,928 

40,874 

203 

58, 384 
17,217 
13,686 
26,820 
601 

59, 532 

18,507 
15,098 
8,916 
16,879 

912,366 

131,741 

185,309 

574,460 

19,196 

70,082 

15,689 
15,612 
36,537 
2,117 

304,450 

101,313 
66,085 

119,011 
17,727 

104,125 

28,102 

23,317 

47,044 

5,594 

136,793 

39,658 

45, 137 

42,400 

9,415 

81,243 

17,909 

22,174 

35,844 

308 

64,432 

31,082 

8,206 

7,110 

17,863 


56.0 

51.3 
51.2 
69.1 
53.5 

50.9 

48.8 
36.0 
61.1 
50.7 

54.5 

47.6 
45.4 
67.2 
46.3 

53.6 

49.5 
39.2 
64.1 
62.0 

52.5 

46.0 
51.8 
67.1 
52.0 

57.9 

54.3 
43.8 
67.8 
55.6 

55.8 

51.3 
44.7 
65.3 
64.5 

53.2 
47.7 
42.8 
64.1 
57.9 

55.0 

55. 4 
50.3 
69.9 
69.8 

64.8 

40.2 
45.6 
68.6 
48.1 

47.9 
46.3 
38.1 
66.6 

45.6 

51.5 
42.0 
65.1 
63.3 
66.8 

53.8 

45.9 
40.5 
62.9 
56.0 

67.4 

62.2 
45.3 
67.8 
62.0 

65.3 

52.1 
46.1 
65.9 
57.2 

53.0 

49.7 
4.3.2 
62.4 
53.9 

52.6 

46.4 
50.5 
63.2 
51.4 

41.2 

36.9 
39.2 
4.5.4 
33.8 

53.8 

53.0 
50.4 
57.6 
56.6 


Num-    Per 
ber.     cent. 


9,318 

3,349 
1,657 
2,349 
2,060 

10,802 

3,001 

1,960 

6,528 

303 

6,684 

1,170 

1,359 

3,101 

53 

27,686 
5,067 
4,300 

16,983 
1,232 

6,427 

1,596 

1,660 

2,621 

550 

6,534 

1,339 
979 

4,019 
194 

6,836 
1,252 
1,047 
3,406 
130 

4,338 

872 

1,023 

2,332 

111 

6,559 

2,947 
756 

1,670 
144 

4,394 
447 
910 

3,005 
29 

4,192 

1,321 

670 

2,117 

83 

5,934 
1,533 
1,380 
1,384 
1,634 

62,461 

10,703 

12,760 

37,364 

1,540 

4,697 

1,169 
907 

2,454 
163 

26,818 

9,278 

6,45;< 

10,352 

1,713 

7,303 

1,867 

1,404 

3,385 

646 

11,474 

2,663 
2,500 
4,889 
1,421 

7,451 

1,466 

1,467 

4,315 

55 

6,263 

2,661 
713 
989 

1,880 


4.8 

4,0 
3.7 
6.5 
6.9 

4.5 

5.4 
2.9 
5.0 
6.5 

3.7 
3.0 
2.5 
6.2 

6.7 

3.3 
3.4 
1.7 
4.2 
6.4 

4.8 
3.3 
3.3 
9.4 
6.7 

3.1 

3.1 
1.7 
3.9 
6.3 

3.3 
3.2 
2.0 
4.2 
5.3 

4.6 

3.9 
3.3 

6.8 
4.8 

4.3 
4.4 
3.1 
5.3 
4.9 

3.2 

2.1 
1.7 
5.0 
6.9 

3.4 
3.6 
1.9 
4.5 
6.3 

5.1 

3.5 
6.0 
9.8 
5.6 

3.7 
3.7 
2.8 
4.1 
4.5 

3.8 

3.9 
2.6 
4.6 
4.8 

4.9 

4.8 
.3.8 
5.7 
5.5 

3.7 

3.3 
2.6 
4.5 
6.2 

4.4 

3.1 
2.8 
7.3 
7.8 

3.8 

3.0 
2.0 
5.5 
6.0 

5.2 

4.5 
4.4 
8.0 
6.8 


Di- 
vorced. 


922 

470 
211 
93 
146 

914 

449 
186 
242 
37 

306 
122 
90 
85 
8 

3,949 
1,251 
1,056 
1,361 
279 

904 
342 
341 
140 
81 

910 

298 

252 

307 

63 

992 
334 
286 
346 

27 

113 

48 
30 
28 

7 

1,443 

886 
246 
276 
25 
724 
137 
257 
321 
9 

696 
249 
139 
194 
14 

382 
145 
98 
26 
113 

3,079 

980 

756 

1,239 

101 

223 

89 
58 
66 
10 

1,440 

720 
306 
265 
86 

565 

2,36 
183 
104 
32 

1,712 

G54 
582 
306 
169 

2,532 

936 

809 

762 

13 

636 

247 

70 

34 

183 


FEMALES  15  YEAKS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total.  1 


214,672 

94,777 
48,451 
36,854 
35,572 

253,488 

58,540 

72,938 

116,389 

5,572 

151,216 

38,314 

69,517 

52,663 

696 

760,365 

141,917 

268,117 

332,267 

17,962 

143,721 

50,687 
58,625 
26,402 
8,002 

191, 747 

42,692 

65,142 

80,533 

3,361 

162,354 

36,438 

58,288 

66,341 

2,261 

89,843 

21,437 

32,826 

33.370 

2,206 

124,328 

66,666 

28,499 

25,529 

3,070 

131.112 

21,830 

62,769 

46,091 

431 

109,116 
32,400 

40,668 

35,229 

907 

127,332 

46,854 
32,694 
12,369 
36,392 

1,702,064 

296,565 

499,433 

864,927 

40,792 

122,580 

31, 687 

38,653 

48,382 

3,848 

579,421 

209, 124 
159,257 
175,205 
35,790 

184,426 

58,085 

69,349 

57,758 

9,224 

255,243 

85, 362 
100,011 
52, 131 
17,089 

140,870 

34,9.52 

56,959 

47,880 

604 

134,607 

64,779 
18,304 
10,886 
40.597 


Single. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent. 


76.947 

38,360 

19,775 

6,634 

12,170 

101,490 

25.272 

40,934 

33  531 

1,744 

52,939 

16,751 

26,567 

9,387 

223 

251, 715 

52,623 
132.330 
62,930 
3,800 
51,293 
22,015 
22,997 
4,225 
2,054 

58, 160 
16,265 
29,600 
12, 469 
819 

62,074 
12,989 
26,538 
11,993 
545 

29,830 

8,905 

15.091 

6,333 

500 

35,307 

19,186 

10,325 

6,018 

668 

46,516 
11,541 
28,837 
5,994 
144 

40,647 

12,412 

20,229 

7,767 

235 

42,644 
19,875 
10,645 
1,937 
10,179 

617,885 

129, 668 

243,857 

231,066 

13, 174 

40,009 

12,6^4 
17,407 
8,922 
1,045 

204,179 

81,831 
71,300 
39, 871 
11,156 

64,722 

23,645 

27,334 

11,426 

2,313 

83,462 

33,992 
37,925 
7,607 
3,916 

44,8j8 

12,320 

23,038 

&,767 

152 

46,474 

23,503 
6,911 
2,605 

13,443 


35.8 

40.6 
40.8 
18.5 
34.2 

40.0 
43.2 
66.1 

28.8 
31.3 

35.0 

43.7 
44.6 
17.8 
32.0 

33.1 
37.1 
49.4 
18.9 
21.2 

35.7 
43.4 
39.2 
16.0 
25.7 

30.3 
35.8 

45.4 
15.5 
24.4 

32.1 
35.6 
45.5 
18.4 
24.1 

33.2 

41.5 
46.0 
16.0 
22.7 
28.4 
28.8 
36.2 
19.7 
21.8 

35.6 

52.9 
46.9 
13.0 

33.4  i 

37.3 
38.3 
49.9  i 

22.0  i 
25.9  I 

33.5  i 
43.3  ! 
32.6 
15.7 
28.0 

36.3 

43.7 
48.8 
20.7 
32.3 

32.6 

39.9 
45.0 

18.4 
27.2 

35.2 

39.1 

44.8 
22.8 
31.2 

35.1 

40.7 
46.1 
19.8 
25.1 
32.7 
39.8 
37.9 
14.6 

22. 1 
31.8 
35. 8 
41.2 
18.3 
30.2 

34.5 

36.3 
37.8 
23.9 
33.1 


Married. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent. 


108, 520 

45, 541 
23,496 
22,380 
17,095 

120, 215 

24,360 

26, 731 

66,394 

2,710 

81,424 

18,049 

28,284 

34,718 

363 

423,839 
71,771 
119,386 
222,646 
9,978 

70,435 
23,375 
28,686 
14,067 
4,305 

113,234 

22,679 

31,550 

57,031 

1,965 

92,488 
19,338 
28,020 
43,830 
1,286 

49,634 
10,474 
15,326 
22,487 
1,344 

70,635 

37,059 
15, 149 
16, 108 

1,783 
71,129 

8,768 

30,266 

31,896 

198 

56,664 

15,736 

17,789 

22,617 

516 

60, 852 
20,297 
16,432 
6,011 
18,100 

892,969 

134, 222 

216,223 

521,855 

20,466 

68,914 

15,518 

18, 4.39 

32,753 

2,196 

300,629 

101,333 
72.596 

108,001 
18,678 
98,734 
28,537 
26,799 
37,848 
5,547 

134,797 
41,870 
51,947 
31,355 
9,607 
74,790 
17,279 
27,503 
28,668 
264 

65,688 
31,633 
9,034 
5,930 
19,066 


Widowed. 


Num-     Per 
ber.      cent. 


50.6 

48.1 
48.6 
62.4 
48.1 

47.4 
41.6 
36.6 
67.0 
48.6 

53.8 

47.1 
47.5 
65.9 
52.2 

55.7 
60.6 
44.5 
67.0 
55.6 

49.0 

46.1 
48.9 
53.3 
53.8 

59.1 
53.1 
48.4 
70.8 
58.5 

57.0 
63.1 
48.1 
67.1 
66.9 

55.2 

48.9 
46.7 
67.4 
60.9 

56.8 

55.7 

53.2 

63.1 

68.1 

54.3 

40.2  I 

48.2 

69.2 

45.9 

61.9 

48.6 

43.8 

64.2 

56.9 

47.8 
44.3 
50.3 
48.6 
49.7 
52.5 
45.3 
43.3 
60.3 
50.2 

56.2 

49.0 
47.7 
67.7 
57.1 
51.9 
48.5 
45.6 
61.6 
52.2 

53.5 

49.1 
45.2 
65.5 
60.1 

52.8 

49.0 
61.9 
60.1 
54.3 

53.1 
49.4 
49.1 
69.9 
60.4 

48.8 

48.8 
49.4 
54.5 
47.0 


27, 60S 
10,054 
4,821 
6,685 
6,044 

30, 110 

8,096 

4,899 

16,038 

1,069 

16,112 
3,213 

4,407 

8,381 

107 

76, 813 

14,742 
13, 810 
44,504 
3,746 

20,416 

4.564 
6,415 
7,%6 
1,482 

18.835 

4,186 

3,504 

10,629 

513 

15,996 
3,473 
3,191 
S,941 
388 

10,112 

1,970 

2,311 

5,479 

352 

16,644 
9,170 
2,633 
4,157 
568 

12,127 
1,279 
3,048 
7,724 
76 
9,643 
3,311 
1,827 
4,374 
130 

22,449 

5,164 
5,360 
4,326 
7,697 

183,897 

30,650 

37, 368 

109,014 

6,844 

13,210 

3,302 

2,702 

6,614 

691 

71,509 

24,533 

14,496 

26, 751 

6,726 

19,760 

5,367 
4,880 
8,241 
1,269 

33,702 

8,122 
8,999 
12,711 
3,860 

18,260 

3,991 

4,299 

9,793 

76 

21,152 

9,002 
2,200 
2,282 
7,665 


12,9 

10.6 
10.0 
18.6 
17.0 

11.9 

13.8 
6.7 
13.8 
19.2 

10.7 

8.4 
7.4 
15.9 
15.4 

10.1 
10.4 
5.2 
13.4 
20.9 

14.2 

9.0 

10.9 

30.2 

18.5 

9.8 

9.8 

5.4 

13.2 

15.3 

9.9 

9.5 

5.6 

13.7 

17.2 

11.3 

9.2 
7.0 
16.4 
16.0 

13.3 

13.8 
9.2 
16.3 
18.5 

9.2 

5.9 
4.9 
16.8 
17.6 

8.8 
10.2 

4.5 
12.4 
14.3 

17.6 
11.3 
16.4 
35.0 
20.9 

10.8 

10.3 
7.5 
12.6 
16.8 

10.8 

10.4 
7.0 
13.7 
15.4 

12.3 

11.7 
9.1 
15.3 
16.0 

10.7 

9.2 
8.2 
14.3 
13.8 

13.2 

9.5 

9.0 

24.4 

21.8 

13.  e 

11.4 
7.7 
20.6 
15.1 
16.7 
13.9 
12.0 
21.0 
18.9 


'  Total  Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


165 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN   CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,060  TO 

250,000  INHABITANTS:  1910. 


Table  36 


Alabama 

Birmiugham 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 

Little  Rock 

California 


Berkeley. 
Oakland.. 


Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Jose 

Colorado 

Colorado  Springs. . . . 

Denver 

Pueblo 

Connectiont 

Bridgeport 

Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Meriden  city  ... 

New  Britain 

New  Haven 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Staviford  citij... 
Waterbury 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Georgia 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 

nilnoU 

Aurora 

Bioomington 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis 

Elgin 

Joflet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 

Indiana 

Evansville 

Fort  Wayne 

Indianapolis 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 

Iowa 

Cedar  Rapids 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs , 

Davenport , 

Des  Moines , 

Dubuque , 

Sioux  City , 

Waterloo , 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


Kentucky 

Covington 

liexington 

louisville 

Newport 

Louisiana 

Shreveport 

Maine 

Lewiston 

Portland 


MAtES  15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total.i 


47,989 
17,618 
12,857 


17,361 


14,941 
61,380 
10,659 
21,033 
16,700 
11,180 


10,670 
82,600 
19,010 


38,600 
36,167 
11,475 

9,714 
16,513 
47,664 

9,785 
10,446 

8,948 
26,857 


32,425 

22,501 
13,824 


53,119 
14, 139 
13,949 
22,817 


11,405 
9,347 
9,96« 

11,425 

24,398 
9,263 
13,459 
28,573 
13,496 
17,642 
18,652 


25,550 
23,312 
88,890 
19, 746 
21,765 


12,258 
9,827 
11,146 
16,004 
32,068 
14, 111 
19,837 
10,491 


31,428 
16,468 
20,758 


18,738 
12,887 
80,595 
10,608 


10,012 


8,806 
21,300 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


17,821 
6,882 
4.843 


6,705 


0,059 
24,891 

3,586 
10,086 

6,716 

4,328 


3,719 
32,045 

8,509 


15,686 

14,635 
4,504 
S,8t5 
7,052 

18,823 
3,770 
4,091 
S,480 

11,613 

12,755 


8,464 
5,713 


20,065 
5,388 
5,066 
8,477 


4,57. 
3,326 
3,222 
4,031 
9,950 
3,353 
5,717 
11,110 
5.329 
7,386 
6,988 


9,768 
9,142 
31,184 
7,062 
8,112 


4,491 
4,178 
4,523 
6,358 
11,364 
6,316 
9,117 
4,131 


11,128 
5,743 
7,561 


7,485 

5,305 

32,947 

4,174 


4,132 


3,527 
8,172 


Per 
cent. 


37:1 
39.1 

37.7 


3&6 


40.6 
40.6 
33.6 
4&0 
40.2 
38.7 


34.9 
3&8 
4&1 


40.5 
40.5 
3a3 
39. 4 
42.7 
39.5 
38.5 
3a  2 
S8.9 
43.2 


3a3 


37.6 
4L3 


37.8 
3&1 
3&3 
37.2 


4ai 
35.6 
3213 
35.3 
40.8 
36.2 
4Z5 
4L8 
3ft  5 
4L9 
37.6 


3a2 
39.2 
35.1 
35.8 
37.3 


3&6 
4Z5 
4a6 
3ft  7 
35.4 
44  8 
4&0 
3ft  4 


35.4 
34.9 
36  4 


3ft  9 
41.2 
40.9 
3ft  3 


41.3 


40.1 
38.4 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


27,140 
9,469 
7,160 


9,486 


8,253 
32,761 
6,387 
9,654 
8,512 
6,122 


6,249 
45,541 
9,249 


17,806 


12,277 
7,408 


30,467 
7,847 
7,908 

12,960 


6,239 
5,491 
6,190 
6,748 

13,261 
5,378 
7,113 

13,581 
7,320 
9,493 

10,536 


14,199 
13,016 
52.299 
11,735 
12,294 


7,194 
5,111 

8^718 
18,869 
7.007 
9,683 
5,808 


18.299 
9,651 
11,920 


10,230 
6.810 

42,397 
5,870 


5,328 


4,779 
11,867 


Per 

cent. 


56.6 
53.7 
55.7 


54.6 


55.2 
53.4 
5ft  9 
45.0 
51.0 
54.8 


58.6 
55.1 
4&7 


55.0 
55.0 
55.0 
66.1 
53.4 
55.4 
65.5 
5&8 

se.7 

52.8 


54.6 
53.6 


57.4 
6&6 
5&7 
5«i8 


64.7 
5&7 
6Z1 
Sftl 
64.4 

5ai 

52.8 
SLl 
54.2 
53.8 
56.5 


55.6 
55.8 
58.8 

5a  4 

56.5 


5&7 
52.0 
53.8 
54.5 
5&8 
4ft  7 
4&8 
55.4 


58.2 
5&6 
57.4 


54.6 
52.8 
52.6 
55.3 


53.2 


54.3 

55.7 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,728 

1,103 

780 


501 
2,568 
599 
882 
986 
579 


531 

3,482 

874 


1,552 
1,488 
611 
481 
564 
2,178 
556 
461 

see 

087 


1,500 


1,109 
564 


2,376 
795 
845 

1,214 


432 
452 
435 
511 
950 
375 
414 
1,314 
704 
644 
851 


1,357 
900 

4,283 
651 

1,012 


463 
425 
517 
758 
1,238 
715 
745 
407 


1,383 
836 

884 


662 

4,318 

481 


498 


43S 
1,078 


Per 
cent. 


5l7 
6.3 
6.1 


5.7 


3.4 
4.2 
5.6 
42 
5.9 
5.2 


5.0 
4.2 
46 


4.0 
41 
5.3 
S.O 
3  4 
46 
5.7 
44 
4.0 
3.7 


49 


49 
41 


45 
5.6 
61 
&3 


3.8 
48 
44 
45 
3.9 
40 
11 
49 
6.2 
3.7 
46 


6.3 
3.9 

48 
3.3 
46 


3.8 
43 
46 
47 
3.9 
5.1 

a8 

3.9 


44 
5.1 
43 


47 
5.1 
5.4 
45 


5.0 


5.0 
5.1 


Di- 
vwced. 


188 
90 
31 


165 


84 
676 

55 
305 
224 
106 


124 
952 
177 


97 
81 
34 
SO 
28 
134 
20 
24 
tl 
48 


74 


148 
87 


163 
43 
40 


41 
51 
100 
100 
176 
75 
70 
380 
89 
97 
161 


186 
209 
873 
158 
250 


79 
76 
109 
384 
65 
141 


245 
157 
280 


121 

79 
799 
70 


44 

140 


FEMALES  15  TEAKS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.1 


46,170 
20,139 
15,177 


17,179 


16,318 
55,066 
13,484 
15,207 
14  901 
11,331 


11,649 
81,308 
13,814 


35,598 
36,648 
11,597 

9,9S0 
14, 114 
47,998 
10,888 
10,335 

8;9S0 
24,226 


31,664 


21,619 
12,409 


59,145 
16,533 
15,330 
25,071 


10,912 
10,372 
10,445 
11,683 
18,296 
10,738 
11,304 
24,791 
14,422 
16,467 
19,351 


26,299 
24,237 
90,417 
18,104 
21,417. 


12,381 
9,285 
10, 174 
16,227 
32,215 
14,639 
16,215 
9,469 


27,879 
16,761 
19,049 


20,496 
14,441 
87,067 
11,731 


10,492 


9,964 
23,750 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


10,946 
6,222 
4,349 


4,474 


5,535 
15,423 
4,598 
4,283 
4,200 
3,491 


3,722 
23,617 
3,653 


11,448 
13,056 
4,089 
3,602 
4,826 
16,649 
4,148 
3,536 
3,066 
8,670 


10,232 


5,346 
2,903 


16,777 
4,908 
4,127 
7,009 


3,435 
3,437 
2,768 
3,426 
4,548 
3,778 
3,757 
8,185 
5,099 
5,462 
6,271 


8,382 
8,550 
25,362 
4,992 
6,172 


3,963 
3,139 
3,051 
5,430 
9,668 
5,995 
5,477 
2,838 


6,835 
4,908 
5,195 


7,203 

4,822 
29,565 
4,093 


2,892 


3,943 
8,535 


Per 
cent. 


23.7 
30.9 
28.7 


2&0 


33.9 
2&0 
341 
28.2 
28.2 
30.8 


32:0 
29.0 
25.7 


32.2 
35.6 
35.3 

a.  3 

34  2 
347 
38.1 
34  2 
34-3 
36.8 


32.3 


24  8 
23.4 


2&4 
29.7 
26.9 
28.0 


31.6 
33.1 
26.6 
29.3 
249 
35.2 
33.2 
33.0 
35.4 
33.2 
32.4 


3L9 
35.3 
28.1 
27.6 
2a8 


32  0 
33.8 
30.0 
33.5 
30.0 
41.0 
33.8 

3ao 


245 
29.3 
27.3 


35.1 
33.4 
34  0 
34  9 


39.6 
35.9 


Married. 


Num- 
ber. 


27,267 
9,715 
7,667 


9,575 


7,959 
31,310 
6,642 
8,612 
8,317 
5,965 


6,201 

45,732 

8,550 


20,178 

19,196 
6,261 
6,323 
8,068 

25, 510 
5,359 
5,618 
4,880 

13,272 


17,368 


12,683 
7,509 


31,816 
8,205 
8,152 

13,508 


6,152 
5,516 
6,333 
6,783 

11,792 
5,546 
6.319 

13,301 
7,431 
9,192 

10,580 


14,327 
12,923 
51.801 
11,006 
12,291 


7,085 
4,986 
5,946 
8,743 
18,697 
6,992 
9,037 
5,656 


17,672 
9,601 
11,612 


10,302 

7,072 
42,892 
5,904 


5,256 


4,792 
11,916 


Per 
cent. 


69.1 
48L2 
5a5 


55.7 


4&8 
56  9 
4ft  3 
56.6 
55.8 
52.6 


53.2 
562 
61.9 


56.7 
52.4 
54  0 
63.8 
57.2 
53.1 
4ft  2 
544 
64.6 
548 


649 


58.9 
6a5 


53.8 
4ft  6 
53.2 
63.9 


56.4 
53.2 
6a6 
5ai 
645 
5L6 
56.9 
53.7 
51.5 
56.8 
647 


545 
53.3 
57.3 
6a8 
57.4 


57.2 
63.7 
58.4 
53.9 
58.0 
47.8 
55.7 
5ft  8 


63.4 
57.3 
61.0 


50.3 
4ft  0 
4ft  3 
50.3 


48.1 
50.2 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


7,503 
3,924 
3,012 


2,816 


2,246 
7,464 
2,101 
2,013 
2,158 
1,705 


1,559 

10,293 

1,471 


3,782 
4,215 
1,185 
1,046 
1,138 
5,566 
1,329 
1,119 
S4t 
2,198 


3,836 


3,128 
1,788 


10,205 
3,221 
2,900 
4,299 


1,245 
1,319 
1,175 
1,369 
1,798 
1,212 
1,106 
2,830 
1,720 
1,672 
2,230 


3,321 
2,454 
11,904 
1,787 
2,527 


1,191 
1,038 
1,077 
1,863 
3,189 
1,566 
1,458 
819 


3,059 
2,012 
1,878 


2,796 
2,352 
13,189 
1,635 


2,218 


1,117 
3,077 


Per 
cent. 


Di- 
vorced. 


16.3 
19.6 
1ft  8 


16.4 


118 
116 
15.6 
112 
14  5 
15.0 


114 
12  7 
10.6 


10.6 
11.5 
10.2 
10.6 

8.1 
11.6  I 
12  2  ! 
10.8  I 
10.6 

ftl  I 


121 


14  5 
14  4 


17.3 
1ft  5 
1&9 
17.1 


1L4 
12.7 
112 

11.7 
ft  8 
11.3 
ft  8 
1L4 
11.9 
10.2 
1L5 


12.6 
10.1 
112 
ft  9 
11.8 


9.6 
11.2 
10.6 
11.5 

ft  9 
10.7 

ftO 
•  8.7 


11.0 
12  0 
9.9 


13.6 
16.3 
15.1 
13.9 


21.1 


11.2 
110 


1  Total  includes  jwrsons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


166 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULATION   15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO 

250,000  INHABITANTS:   191(>-Continued. 


Table  3  C— Continued. 

MALES  15  YEABS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEB. 

FEMALES  15  YEABS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEB. 

CITY. 

Total.i 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Di- 
vorced. 

Total.i 

Single. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Di- 
vorced. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Massachusetts 
Brockton 

20,983 
8,377 
35,461 
11,852 
8,540 
11,350 
38,439 
13,247 
15,911 
19,065 
30,836 
37,324 
33,867 
14,505 
33,840 
12,731 
11,951 
11,627 
14,988 
26,398 
31,944 
12,004 
9,415 
53,572 

9,668 
15,343 
17,727 
40,379 
12,312 
14,641 
13,072 
18,190 

34,518 
84,805 

11,651 

100,038 

30,429 

12,620 

17,679 

16,339 
50,145 
10,341 

24,648 
9,481 

17,735 
19,605 
33,964 
11,322 
26,057 
26,443 
10,070 
17,994 
44, 128 
11,804 
36,801 
12,214 

36,933 
11,252 
13,739 
17,879 
14,537 
11,767 

9,021 
10,411 
10,538 

9,999 
11,997 
10,072 
81,719 
28,718 
51,997 
26,432 
26,631 

9,921 
27,998 

10,998 
8,500 

8,017 
3,233 

14, 775 
4,623 
3,289 
3,991 

14,637 
5,348 
5,966 
7,981 

12,681 

15,823 

13,440 
5,171 

12,663 
4,835 
4,948 
4,672 
6,202 
9,008 

12,267 
4,750 
3,820 

22,642 

2,900 
5,725 
7,932 
14,138 
4,128 
5,120 
5,122 
6,523 

18,068 
42,324 

3,833 
37,590 
12,293 

4,272 

9,245 

6,127 
22,417 
4,782 

10,272 
3,838 

6,744 

8,024 
11,614 

3,799 
10,850 
11,325 

3,973 

C,412 
17,040 

4,486 
14,571 

4,340 

15,546 
4,443 
5,436 
6,416 
0,081 
4,350 
3,511 
3,722 
4,536 
3,876 
4,778 
3,744 
33,314 
11,815 
20,323 
11,299 
10,586 
3,152 
11,425 

4,030 
3,383 

38.2 
38.6 
41.7 
39.0 
38.5 
35.2 
38.1 
40.4 
37.5 
41.9 
41.1 
42.4 
39.7 
35.6 
37.4 
38.0 
41.4 
40.2 
41.4 
34.1 
38.4 
39.6 
40.6 
42.3 

30.0 
37.3 
44.7 
35.0 
33.5 
35.0 
39.2 
35.8 

52.3 
49.9 

32.9 
37.6 
40.4 
33.9 

52.3 

37.6 
44.7 
46.2 

41.7 
40.5 

38.0 
40.9 
34.2 
33.6 
40.7 
42.8 
39.5 
35.6 
38.6 
38.0 
39.6 
35.5 

42.1 
39.5 
39.6 
35.9 
41.8 
37.0 
38.9 
35.8 
43.0 
38.8 
39.8 
37.2 
40.8 
41.1 
39.1 
42.7 
39.8 
31.8 
40.8 

36.6 
39.8 

12,027 

4,796 

18,973 

6,4fe 

4,935 

6,886 

21,810 

7,316 

9,014 

10, 191 

16,769 

19, 565 

18,591 

8,682 

19,686 

7,417 

6,462 

6,508 

7,991 

16, 134 

18, lOo 

6,637 

5,160 

28,399 

6,201 
8,816 
8,950 

24,125 
7,310 
8,534 
7,312 

10,640 

14,887 
38,783 

7,045 
54,691 
16,100 

7,599 

7,724 

9,364 

24,816 

5,147 

13,186 
5,140 

9,955 
10,932 
20,639 

7,086 
14,830 
13, 914 

5,631 
10,688 
24,720 

7,011 
20,612 

7,422 

19,087 
6,369 
7,576 
10,431 
7,028 
6,866 
6,058 
6,302 
5,651 
5,461 
6,744 
5,008 
44,537 
15,835 
29,075 
13,509 
14,642 
6,135 
15,522 

6,428 
4,727 

57.3 
57.3 
63.5 
54.4 
57.8 
60.7 
56.7 
55.2 
56.7 
53.5 
54.4 
52.4 
64.9 
59.9 
58.2 
58.3 
64.1 
56.0 
53.3 
61.1 
56.7 
65.3 
64.8 
53.0 

64.1 
57.6 
50.5 
59.7 
59.4 
68.3 
56.9 
68.5 

43.1 
45.7 

60.5 
54.7 
62.9 
60.2 

43.7 

'  57.3 
49.5 
49.8 

63.5 

64.2 

56.1 
55.8 
60.8 
02.6 
55.6 
52.6 
55.9 
59.4 
56.0 
59.4 
56.0 
60.8 

51.7 
56.6 
56.1 
68.3 
52.5 
58.3 
66.1 
60.6 
63.6 
64.6 
66.2 
55.7 
54.6 
55.1 
55.9 
51.1 
66.0 
61.8 
65.4 

68.4 
55.6 

809 

321 

1,617 

659 

306 

435 

1,901 

627 

826 

834 

1,312 

1,789 

1,519 

602 

1,366 

461 

497 

411 

703 

1,166 

1,359 

578 

404 

2,323 

405 
716 
650 

1,662 
583 
644 

■   475 
785 

898 
3,096 

619 
4,582 
1,492 

581 

489 

613 

2,240 

319 

1,043 
432 

840 
618 

1,580 
415 
918 

1,109 
404 
465 

2,020 
277 

1,503 
434 

2,072 

419 

681 

892 

783 

427 

420 

369 

312 

533 

408 

606 

3,4G6 

957 

2,151 

1,549 

1,2.83 

4t)5 

1,006 

493 
348 

3.9 
3.8 
4.6 
6.6 
3.6 
3.8 
4.9 
4.0 
6.2 
4.4 
4.3 
4.8 
4.5 
4.2 
4.0 
3.5 
4.2 
3.6 
4.7 
4.4 
4.3 
4.8 
4.3 
4.3 

4.2 
4.7 
3.7 
3.9 
4.7 
4.4 
3.6 
4.3 

2.6 
3.7 

6.3 
4.6 
4.9 
4.6 

2.8 

3.8 
4.5 
3.1 

4.2 
4.6 

4.7 
3.2 
4.7 
3.7 
3.4 
4.2 
4.0 
2.6 
4.6 
2.3 
4.1 
3.6 

5.6 
3.7 
5.0 
5.0 
5.4 
3.6 
4.7 
3.6 
3.0 
5.3 
3.4 
6.6 
4.2 
3.3 
4.1 
5.9 
4.8 
4.7 
3.6 

4.5 
4.1 

109 
16 
85 
38 
7 
20 
79 
30 
94 
38 
63 
88 

202 
43 
90 
20 
41 
31 
56 
56 

203 
32 
27 

168 

123 
69 
178 
260 
241 
160 
138 
131 

105 
436 

120 

1,104 

271 

80 

136 

99 
662 
49 

112 
69 

48 
12 
76 
13 
29 
38 
14 
10 
84 
16 
96 
9 

79 

19 

42 

81 

38 

39 

26 

6 

27 

19 

38 

114 

247 

70 

148 

41 

74 

38 

20 

11 
9 

21,340 
14,053 
40,213 
10,938 
8,462 
12,404 
42,572 
13,512 
16,950 
21,176 
30,757 
40,506 
33,918 
17,096 
34,952 
16,966 
11,924 
11,267 
16,070 
30,518 
34,555 
12,818 
11,632 
52,946 

10,068 
15,776 
12,524 
41,725 
11,956 
15,678 
11,060 
19,127 

23,381 
76,429 

11,090 
95,607 
28,267 
12,874 

12,146 

16,587 

44,657 

7,519 

25,904 
9,464 

17,986 
16,343 
33,673 

15. 126 
24,292 
23,326 
10,730 
19,720 
44,907 

9,204 
33, 191 
12,282 

40,813 
12,122 
1'3,276 
20, 194 
14, 712 
11,850 
10,338 
11,769 
10,010 
11,011 
10,316 
11,357 
83,401 

24. 127 
51,972 
32,580 
28,625 
10,477 
27,798 

12,333 
9,676 

6,927 

7,577 

16,005 

3,684 

3,042 

3,988 

16,269 

5,010 

5,720 

8,956 

11,500 

16,610 

11,359 

6,208 

11,934 

7,824 

4,478 

3,795 

6,295 

10,366 

12,509 

4,792 

5,217 

19,937 

2,561 
5,148 
3,010 
12,916 
3,216 
4,940 
2,682 
6,164 

8,071 
31,666 

2,571 

27,196 

8,569 

3,625 

3,616 

5,292 
15,200 
2,119 

10,210 
3,369 

6,446 
4,800 
9,218 
6,046 
7,728 
7,462 
4,030 
7,664 

15,509 
2,519 

10,338 
3,744 

15,928 
4,676 
4,423 
6,830 
6,102 
3,649 
3,853 
4,234 
3,485 
4,020 
3,123 
3,998 
30,252 
0,570 
17, 198 
14,110 
10,586 
3,078 
10,266 

3,935 
3,080 

32.5 
63.9 
39.8 
33.7 
36.9 
32.2 
38.2 
37.1 
33.7 
42.3 
37.4 
41.0 
33.5 
36.3 
34.1 
46.1 
37.6 
33.7 
39.2 
34.0 
36.2 
37.4 
44.9 
37.7 

26.4 
32.6 
24.0 
31.0 
26.9 
31.6 
24.3 
32.2 

34.6 
41.3 

23.2 
28.4 
30.3 

28.2 

29.8 

31.9 
34.0 
28.2 

39.4 
35.6 

30.3 
29.4 
27.4 
40.0 
31.8 
32.0 
37.0 
38.8 
34.5 
27.4 
31.1 
30.6 

39.0 
37.7 
33.3 
33.8 
34.7 
30.8 
37.3 
36.0 
34.8 
36.6 
30.3 
35.2 
36.2 
27.2 
33.1 
43.3 
37.0 
29.4 
36.9 

31.9 
31.8 

12,084 

5,069 

19,218 

6,032 

4,669 

7,008 

21,839 

7,162 

8,953 

10, 127 

16, 186 

19,395 

18,193 

8,798 

19,171 

7,329 

6,153 

6,325 

7,848 

16,264 

17,947 

6,453 

5,123 

27,271 

6,136 
8,867 
8,209 

24,013 
6,978 
8,681 
7,061 

10,642 

13,242 
37,713 

6,998 
64,397 
16,934 

7,620 

7,117 

9,442 

24,213 

4,759 

12,706 
4,985 

10,005 
10, 116 
20,470 

7,310 
14,110 
13,303 

6,533 
10,298 
24,426 

6,061 
19, 189 

7,294 

19,196 

6,224 

6,999 

10,500 

7,564 

6,731 

5,076 

6,138 

5,438 

5,476 

6,080 

5,732 

43,427 

15, ISO 

28,204 

13,709 

14,360 

6,041 

14,720 

6,584 
6,013 

66.6 
36.1 

47.8 
65.1 
55.2 
66.5 
51.3 
62.9 
52.8 
47.8 
52.6 
47.9 
53.6 
51.5 
54.8 
43.2 
51.6 
56.1 
48.8 
53.3 
51.9 
50.3 
44.0 
51.5 

61.0 
66.2 
65.5 
57.6 
58.4 
65.4 
63.8 
56.6 

56.6 
49.3 

63.1 
56.9 
66.4 
59.2 

68.6 

66.9 
64.2 
63.3 

49.0 
52.7 

66.6 
61.9 
60.8 
48.3 
58.1 
67.0 
61.6 
52.2 
64.3 
66.7 
67.8 
59.4 

47.0 
51.3 
52.7 
52.0 
51.4 
66.8 
49.1 
52.2 
54.3 
49.7 
68.9 
50.6 
52.0 
62.9 
54.3 
42.1 
50.2 
57.7 
63.0 

63.4 
61.8 

2,150 
1,328 
4,832 
1,169 
732 
1,348 
4,320 
1,312 
2,105 
2,029 
3,006 
4,334 
4,012 
1,996 
3,683 
1,755 
1,246 
1,103 
1,840 
3,753 
3,906 
1,508 
1,240 
6,476 

1,186 
1,648 
1,164 
4,199 
1,527 
1,710 
1,149 
2,064 

1,567 
6,583 

1,342 

11,856 

3,328 

1,435 

1,267 

1,706 

4,555 

574 

2,771 
1,061 

2,389 
1,408 
3,837 
1,730 
2,387 
2,492 
1,107 
1,412 
4,760 
612 
3,547 
1,219 

6,469 
1,293 
1,809 
2,722 
1,961 
1,349 
1,369 
1,369 
1,057 
1,387 
1,070 
1,667 
9,332 
2,261 
6,063 
4,638 
3,516 
1,235 
2,740 

1,746 
1,523 

10.1 

9.4 
12.0 
10.7 

8.7 
10.9 
10.1 

9.7 
12.4 

9.6 
10.0 
10.7 
11.8 
11.7 
10.5 
10.3 
10.4 

9.8 
11.4 
12.3 
11.3 
11.8 
10.7 
10.3 

11.8 
10.4 
9.2 
10.1 
12.8 
10.9 
10.4 
10.8 

6.7 
8.6 

12.1 
12.4 
11.8 
11.1 

10.4 

10.3 
10.2 
7.6 

10.7 
11.2 

13.3 

8.6 
11.4 
11.4 

9.8 
10.7 
10.3 

7.2 
10.6 

6.6 
10.7 

9.9 

13.4 
10.7 
13.6 
13.5 
13.3 
11.4 
13.1 
11.6 
10.6 
12.6 
10.4 
13.8 
11.2 

9.4 
11.7 
14.2 
12.3 
11.8 

9.9 

14.2 
15.7 

172 

Brookline  town 

62 

137 

49 

Chicopee 

12 

Everett 

48 

Fall  River 

126 

Fitchburg 

38 

166 

Holyoke 

47 

Lawrence 

62 

Lowell 

133 

Lynn 

297 

Maiden 

80 

New  Bedford 

145 

Newton 

48 

Pittsfleld 

43 

Quincy 

35 

Salem 

76 

Somerville 

116 

Springfield 

172 

63 

Waltham 

61 

Worcester 

226 

Michigan 
Battle  Creek 

164 

Bay  City 

100 

Flint 

151 

Grand  Rapids 

407 

205 

Kalamazoo 

245 

Lansing 

150 

Saginaw 

172 

Minnesota 
Duluth 

156 

St.  Paul 

432 

Missouri 
Joplin , 

170 

Kansas  City 

1,509 

S*^.  Joseph 

368 

Springfield 

146 

Montana 
Butte 

139 

Nebraska 

124 

Omaha 

624 

61 

New  Hampshire 
Manchester 

161 

Nashua 

47 

New  Jersey 
Atlantic  City 

78 

Bayonne 

5 

Camden 

lao 

27 

Elizabeth..- 

33 

38 

Orange 

20 

Passaic 

35 

Paterson 

103 

Perth  Amboy 

13 

Trenton 

104 

■Vfest  Hoboken  town 

New  York 
Albany 

19 

132 

26 

Auburn 

43 

Binghamton 

114 

Elmira 

79 

63 

Kingston 

36 

Mount  Vernon 

19 

New  Rachelle 

22 

Newburgh 

29 

Niagara  Falls 

34 

32 

Bochester 

320 

Schenectady 

94 

Syracuse 

241 

84 

Utica 

136 

Watertown 

45 

Yonkers 

52 

Charlotte 

30 

Wilmington 

27 

1  Total  includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


MARITAL  CONDITION. 


167 


MARITAL  CONDITION  OF  THE   POPULATION   15  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO 

250,000  INHABITANTS:   1910— Continued. 


Table  36— Continued. 


Ohio 

Akron 

Canton 

Columbus 

Dayton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield 

Toledo 

Youngstown 

Zanesville 

Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City 

Oregon 

Portland 

Pennsylvania 

AUentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKcesport ,... 

New  Castle 

Norrlstown  borough. 

Reading 

Scranton 

Shenandoah  borough 

Wilkes-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 

Rhode  Island 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Providence 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 

South  Carolina 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Knoxvllle 

Memphis 

Nashville 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Utah 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 

Virginia 

Lynchburg 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Richmond 

Roanoke 

Washingrton 

Seattle 

Spokane 

Tacoma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Sujwnor 


MALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 


Total.* 


28,021 
19,909 
70,787 
44,525 
12,993 
11,065 
11,709 
9,810 
18,029 
02, 129 
32,072 
10, 197 


10,136 
28,304 


99,231 


17,991 
18,639 
14,674 
10,291 
23,701 
23,421 

8,238 
22,613 
16,009 
15,414 
13,875 
10,028 
34,411 
44,878 

9,716 
22,984 
10,920 
15,870 


11,650 
18,071 
80,993 
9,258 
12,799 


19,258 
9,000 


16,867 
12,963 
51,300 
37,325 


10,339 
34,924 
13,708 
29,182 
14,621 
30,109 
33,374 
8,946 


9,210 
33,787 


9,593 
24,295 
12,935 
44,400 
12,238 


113,337 
45,378 
37,584 


11,264 
15,078 


8,236 
10,583 

9,241 
11,381 
14,749 

9,557 
17,356 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


10,756 
7,796 
27,888 
15,848 
5,070 
3,888 
4,377 
3,514 
6,502 
22,568 
13,334 
3,621 


4,041 
12,364 


51,380 


5,766 
6,846 
5,826 
3,638 
8,780 
8,044 
3,290 
9,246 
5,749 
6,278 
6,169 
4,143 
12,124 
18,471 
4,879 
9,626 
3,712 
5,482 


6,374 
7,289 
32,644 
3,443 
5,248 


7,593 
3,636 


6,528 
5,205 
20,833 
13,965 


4,oeo 

14,013 
5,250 

11,446 
0,478 

11,912 

12,796 
3,292 


3,384 
13,595 


4,006 
10,100 

6,426 
18,838 

5,047 


57,959 
20,457 
17,531 


4,453 
5,951 


3,050 
4,432 
3,837 
4,303 
6,507 
3,724 
9,987 


Per 
cent. 


38.4 
39.2 
39.4 
35.0 
39.0 
35.1 
37.4 
35.8 
36.1 
36.3 
40. 8 
35.5 


39.9 
43.7 


51.8 


32.0 
38.7 
39.7 
35.4 
37.0 
34.3 
39.9 
40.9 
36.9 
40.7 
37.3 
41.3 
36.2 
41.2 
60.2 
41.4 
34.0 
34.5 


64.7 
40.3 
40.3 
37.2 
41.0 


39.4 
40.1 


38.7 
40.2 
40.6 
37.4 


39.3 
40.1 
38.3 
39.2 
44.3 
39.5 
38.3 
36.8 


36.7 
40.2 


42.4 
41.6 
49.7 
42.4 
41.2 


51.1 
45.1 
46.6 


39.5 
39.5 


37.0 
41.9 
41.5 
37.8 
44.1 
39.0 
57.5 


Married. 


Nxun- 
ber. 


16,050 
11,270 
39,240 
20,340 
7,223 
0,012 
7,050 
5,813 
10,242 
36,345 
18,003 
6,048 


6,412 
14,426 


42,271 


11,295 
10,993 
8,028 
6,053 
13,641 
14,135 
4,678 
12,696 
9,295 
8,629 
8,186 
5,342 
20,402 
24,470 
4,651 
12,501 
6,606 
9,601 


4,774 
9,779 
43,667 
6,279 
6,986 


10,307 
4,968 


9,110 
7,082 
26,404 
20,933 


5,364 
18,058 

7,591 
15,059 

7,144 
10,194 
18,429 

5,070 


4,946 
18,299 


5,111 
12,876 

5,915 
23,138 

6,672 


48, 132 
22,981 
17,215 


6,343 
8,326 


4,806 
5,007 
5,015 
0,465 
7,628 
5,354 
6,730 


Pet 
cent. 


57.3 

993 

50.0 

679 

55.4 

2,914 

59.2 

1,920 

55.6 

594 

59.8 

458 

60.2 

246 

59.2 

418 

56.8 

908 

58.5 

2,704 

55.3 

948 

69.3 

436 

53.4 
5lt0 

626 
1,129 

42.6 


62.8 
59.0 
64.7 
58.8 
57.1 
60.4 
66.8 
66.1 
68.1 
65.3 
59.0 
53.3 
69.3 
64.5 
47.9 
64.4 
60.5 
60.9 


41.0 
64.1 
63.9 
57.0 
64.6 


63.6 
64.8 


64.0 
64.6 
61.4 
66.1 


61.9 
53.4 
56.4 
63.7 
48.9 
63.7 
65.2 
66.7 


63.7 
64.2 


63.3 
53.0 
45.7 
52.1 
54.5 


42.5 
50.6 
45.8 


56.3 
55.2 


58.4 
53.0 
54.3 
56.8 
51.7 
66.0 
38.8 


Widowed. 


NunH 
ber. 


3,797 


842 

716 

640 

649 

1,110 

1,112 

247 

694 

861 

653 

416 

451 

1,684 

1,670 

166 

853 

671 

784 


445 

920 

3,994 

484 

617 


1,119 
381 


1,036 

550 

2,928 

2,194 


661 
1,820 

547 
1,309 

804 
1,660 
1,626 

349 


233 

987 


383 

1,208 
545 

2,173 
471 


3,541 
1,254 
1,269 


361 
631 


332 
459 
334 
512 
497 
336 
463 


Per 
cent. 


3.5 
3.4 
4.1 
4.3 
4.6 
4.1 
2.1 
4.3 
5.0 
4.4 
2.9 
4.3 


6.2 
4.0 


3.8 


4.7 
3.8 
4.4 
6.3 
4.7 
4.7 
3.0 
2.6 
6.4 
3.6 
3.0 
4.6 
4.9 
3.5 
1.6 
3.7 
6.2 
4.9 


3.8 
5.1 
4.9 
6.2 
4.0 


5.8 
4.2 


6.1 
4.2 
6.7 
5.9 


6.4 
6.2 
4.0 
4.5 
6.6 
6.6 
4.9 
3.9 


2.6 
2.9 


4.0 
6.0 
4.2 
4.9 
3.8 


3.1 

2.8 
3.4 


3.2 
4.2 


4.0 
4.3 
3.6 
4.5 
3.4 
3.6 
2.7 


Di- 
vorced. 


178 

108 

646 

364 

86 

61 

30 

61 

93 

394 

95 

61 


66 
266 


1,293 


67 
48 
47 
49 
96 

123 
15 
62 
96 
36 
63 
30 

179 
71 
6 
41 
27 
96 


33 
52 
567 
41 
85 


121 
54 
626 
208 


91 
369 


179 
258 
321 
44 


39 
309 


30 
79 
21 
142 
36 


1,192 
395 
316 


FEMALES  15  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


Total.! 


23,895 
17,693 
09,453 
43,402 
12,533 
11,202 
7,978- 
9,340 
17,401 
01,403 
24,443 
11,060 


8,677 
20,874 


68,974 


19,688 
18,256 
13,540 
11,209 
23,169 
26,167 

8,196 
16,292 
19,052 
13,102 
11,923 
1H316 
36,561 
43,380 

6,481 
22,893 
12,834 
16,717 


9,221 
19, 163 
84,607 

9,289 
13,260 


23,153 
10,089 


16,646 
13,946 
49,484 
43,240 


11,347 
33,811 
13,426 
24,392 
12,829 
28,683 
34,582 
9,684 


31,563  { 


11,479 
25,724 
11,055 
49,808 
12,066 


77,200 
34,854 
26,380 


10,527 
15,648 


8,842 
11,629 
10,097 
12, 112 
12,811 

8,782 
10,998 


Single. 


Num- 
ber. 


6,673 
5,273 
21,889 
12,039 
3,837 
3,272 
1,098 
2,003 
5,040 
18,936 
7,073 
3,480 


2,122 
6,133 


21,868 


6,232 
5,704 
4,466 
3,035 
7,317 
7,872 
2,920 
6,043 
7,034 
3,983 
3,236 
4,470 
11,068 
15,338 
1,746 
8,482 
4,528 
5,276 


3,395 
7,264 
31,607 
3,098 
6,276 


7,602 
3,263 


4,433 
4,611 
13,094 
13,103 


3,827 
9,098 
3,476 
6,630 
3,707 
7,607 
10,071 
2,783 


2,348 
9,174 


4,361 
8,188 
3,259 
18,075 
3,975 


22,740 
10,008 
7,503 


3,204 
5,321 


3,199 
4,654 
3,954 
4,232 
4,220 
2,837 
3,808 


Per 
cent. 


27.9 
29.8 
31.5 
29.1 
30.6 
29.2 
21.3 
27.9 
29.0 
30.8 
28.9 
31.5 


24.7 
24.6 


31.7 


31.7 
31.2 
33.0 
32.4 
31.0 
31.3 
35.0 
31.0 
36.9 
30.3 
27.1 
39.5 
31.1 
36.4 
26.9 
37.1 
35.3 
31.6 


36.8 
37.9 
37.4 
33.4 
39.8 


32.8 
32.3 


33.1 
26.5 
30.3 


33.7 
26.9 
25.9 
22.7 
29.4 
26.5 
29.1 
29.0 


28.7 
29.1 


38.0 
31.8 
29.5 
36.3 
32.9 


29.5 
28.7 
28.4 


30.4 
34.0 


30.2 
40.0 
39.2 
34.9 
32.9 
32.3 
34.6 


Married. 


Ntun- 
ber. 


14,634 

10,537 

38,205 

25,245 

7,091 

6,645 

5,751 

5,460 

10,160 

35,569 

15,007 

6,094 


5,436 
13,486 


38,987 


11,303 
10,674 
7,483 
6,115 
13,094 
14, 117 
4,598 
9,831 
9,372 
7,943 
7,439 
5,409 
20,357 
23,049 
4,274 
12,099 
6,661 
9,488 


4,617 
9,763 
42,253 
5,212 
6,801 


10,745 
6,024 


9,276 
7,238 
26,836 
21,473 


5,535 
18,840 

7,850 
15,225 

0,929 
10,213 
18,841 

5,237 


4,848 
18,190 


5,267 
13,446 

5,979 
23,290 

0,639 


45,343 
21,557 
15,985 


6,237 
8,372 


4,842 
5,588 
4,908 
6,452 
7,270 
5,107 
6,384 


Per 

cent. 


61.2 
69.6 
65.1 
58.1 
50.0 
59.3 
72.1 
58.5 
68.4 
67.9 
01.4 
55.1 


63.4 
64.6 


57.4 
68.5 
65.3 
64.6 
56.5 
56.1 
50.1 
60.3 
49.2 
60.3 
62.4 
47.8 
67.3 
64.5 
65.9 
62.9 
61.8 
56.8 


60.1 
51.0 
50.0 
56.1 
51.3 


46.4 
49.8 


55.7 
51.9 
54.2 
49.7 


48.8 
65.7 
68.5 
62.4 
64.0 
66.6 
54.5 
54.6 


59.3 
67.6 


45.8 
62.3 
54.1 
46.8 
56.0 


68.7 
61.8 
60.6 


59.2 
53.5 


64.8 
48.1 
49.2 
63.3 
66.7 
68.2 
58.0 


Widowed. 


Num- 
ber. 


2.340 
1,734 
8,351 
5,139 
1,475 
1,140 
492 
1,102 
1,981 
0,425 
2,175 
1,334 


878 
1,921 


6,940 


2,044 
1,773 
1,430 
1,397 
2,540 
2,990 

058 
1,351 
2,490 
1,109 
1,131 
1,348 
3,882 
4,017 

449 
2,208 
1,576 
1.806 


1,165 
1,989 
9,605 
905 
1,128 


4,582 
1,731 


2,694 
1,923 
8,346 
8,141 


1,668 
6,219 
1,943 
3,078 
1,857 
4,295 
4,983 
1,302 


779 
3,299 


1,768 
3,900 
1,782 
8,122 
1,375 


7,348 
2,768 
2,301 


954 
1,810 


723 
1,238 
1,070 
1,298 
1,218 
703 
^18 


Per 
cent. 


12.0 
11.8 
11.8 
10.2 

0.2 
12.4 
11.4 
10.5 

8.9 
12.1 


10.2 
9.2 


10.4 
9.7 
10.6 
12.5 
11.0 
11.9 
8.0 
8.3 
13.1 
8.9 
9.6 
11.9 
10.9 
9.3 
6.9 
9.6 
12.3 
10.8 


12.5 
10.4 
11.4 
9.7 
8.5 


19.8 
17.2 


16.2 
13.8 
16.9 
18.8 


14.7 
15.4 
14.5 
12.6 
14.6 
15.0 
14.4 
13.6 


9.5 
10.5 


15.4 
15.2 
10.1 
16.3 
11.4 


9.5 
7.9 

8.7 


9.1 

11.6 


8.2 
10.6 
10.7 
10.7 
9.5 
8.0 
6.5 


>  Total  Includes  persons  whose  marital  condition  was  not  reported. 


Chapter    4. 
STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


Introduction. — Tliis  chapter  summarizes  the  data 
obtained  in  answer  to  the  inquiry  on  the  population 
schedule  as  to  the  state  or  territory  of  birth  of  per- 
sons born  in  the  United  States.  This  mquiry  has  been 
included  at  each  census  beginnmg  with  that  of  1850. 
The  returns  are  valuable  mainly  for  the  light  they 
throw  upon  the  migration  of  population  \nthin  the 
United  States. 

The  term  "native  population"  as  ordinarily  used  by 
the  Bureau  of  the  Census  comprises  all  persons  born  in 
the  United  States,  including  those  born  in  Alaska, 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and  other  outlying  possessions 
of  the  United  States,  persons  bom  at  sea  under  the 
United  states  flag,  and  persons  of  native  parentage 
born  abroad  and  designated  as  "American  citizens 
born  abroad."  The  native  population  living  in  the 
United  States  (excluding  persons  living  in  outlying 
possessions)  as  above  defined,  numbered,  in  1910, 
78,456,380  persons,  of  whom  78,095,419  were  reported 
as  born  in  some  specified  state  of  the  United  States 
proper  (that  is,  in  the  United  States  exclusive  of  out- 
lying possessions),  7,365  as  bom  in  Alaska,  Hawaii, 
Porto  Rico,  or  other  outlying  possessions,  1,560  as 
born  at  sea  under  the  United  States  flag,  and  66,351  as 
American  citizens  born  abroad.  There  remain  285,685 
persons  for  whom  the  place  of  birth  was  either  not 
reported  at  all  or  was  reported  as  the  United  States 
without  specifying  the  state  or  territory.  These  have 
been  classified  as  bom  in  the  United  States,  state  of 
birth  not  reported. 

The  several  classes  of  native  population  above 
enumerated  are  ^hown  by  geographic  divisions  in 
Table  1. 


Table  1 

Total  pop- 
ulation: 
1910 

NATIVE  POFULATIOW. 

DrVISION    OF 
BESIDENCE. 

Total. 

Bom  in 
the  United 

States 
and  with 
state  of 
birth  re- 
ported. 

Bom 
in  out- 
lying 
posses- 
sions 
or  at 
sea. 

Amer- 
ican 
citi- 
zens 
bom 

abroad. 

State 
of  birth 
not  re- 
ported. 

tJnlted  States.... 
New  England 

91,972,266 

6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,637,921 
12,194,895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 
4,192,304 

78,456,380 

4,727,571 
14,464,719 
15,176,855 
10,021,226 
11,894,901 
8,322,076 
8,432,342 
2,180,195 
3,236,495 

78,095,419 
4,702,088 

14,410,385 

15,103,330 
9,961,467 

11,869,658 
8,3W,102 
8,392,981 
2,158,616 
3,192,792 

8,925 
373 

1,171 
457 
343 
645 
89 
373 
270 

5,304 

66,351 

13,786 
14,139 
15,121 
6,466 
1,957 
641 
2,792 
3,859 
7,590 

285,686 
11,324 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . . . 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central... 
Moontain 

39,024 
57,947 
52,950 
22,741 
17,244 
36,196 
17,460 

i>W>iflo 

30,809 

Many  of  the  tables  in  this  chapter  are  confined  to  the 
native  population  reported  as  born  in  some  one  of  the 
states;  and  when  it  is  believed   that  the  connection 


makes  the  meaning  clear,  the  terms  "native"  and 
"native  American"  are  frequently  used  in  the  text 
in  a  restricted  sense  to  include  this  class  only.  The 
table  headings  are  more  precise. 

General  extent  of  migration  of  native  population  within 
the  United  States.— Of  the  78,095,419  pei-sons  reported 
in  1910  as  born  in  some  specified  state,  61,185,305 
were  bom  in  the  same  state  in  wliich  they  were  resid- 
mg  at  the  time  the  census  was  taken,  as  shown  by 
Table  2.  The  remainder,  16,910,114,  had  migrated 
from  the  state  in  which  they  were  bom  and  were  living 
in  some  other  state.  The  persons  who  had  thus 
migrated  formed  21.7  per  cent  of  the  total.  This  per- 
centage differs  but  little  from  those  shown  by  the  four 
previous  censuses,  which  have  ranged  from  23.2  per 
cent  in  1870  to  20.6  per  cent  in  1900. 


Table  2 


CENSUS  TEAS. 


1910 
1900 
1890. 
1880. 
1870 


FOPTn.ATION  BOBN  IN  AND    UVINO   IN    THE    VNITED    STATES* 
AND  WITH  STATE  OF  BIBTH  REPORTED. 


Total. 


78,006,410 
65,402,767 
» 62, 966, 719 
43,475,498 
32,978,060 


Bora  iu  state  of 
residence. 


61,185,305 
51,901,722 
41,871,611 
33,882,734 
25,321,340 


Born  In  other  states. 


Number. 


16,910,114 
13,501,045 
11,094,108 
9,592,764 
7,657,320 


21.7 
20.6 
20.9 
22.1 
23.2 


>  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 

•Exclusive  of  population  of  Indian  Territory  and  Indian  reservations, 
specially  enumerated  in  1890,  with  a  native  population  of  325,451,  which,  how- 
ever, was  not  distributed  by  state  of  birth.  These  areas  were  not  enumerated 
In  1880  or  1870. 

The  fact  that  each  census  from  1870  to  1910  showed 
that  about  one-fifth  of  the  native  Americans  had 
migrated  from  the  state  in  which  bom  to  other  states 
indicates  a  rather  high  degree  of  mobility  on  the 
part  of  the  population,  especially  when  it  is  remem- 
bered that  the  census  distinguishes  only  those  persons 
who  have  migrated  across  state  lines  and  not  those 
who  have  moved  from  one  locality  to  another  within 
the  same  state.  There  is  no  doubt  that  some  migra- 
tion within  the  same  state  involves  a  greater  change  of 
environment,  and  even  a  longer  journey,  than  some 
of  the  migration  across  state  lines.  Much  of  the  move- 
ment from  country  to  city  takes  place  within  the  con- 
fines of  the  same  state;  on  the  other  hand,  some  of 
the  interstate  migration  is  merely  from  one  border 
county  or  city  to  another  just  across  the  state  line. 
Computations  made  in  connection  with  the  census  of 
1900  indicated  that  almost  one-half  of  the  persons 
hving  outside  of  the  state  of  birth  hved  in  states 
adjoining  the  state  of  birth. 

(169) 


170 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


It  is  obvious  that  the  statistics  in  Table  2  showing 
the  number  of  persons  hving  outside  of  the  state  of 
birth  at  a  given  census  do  not  represent  the  total 
number  of  persons  who  have  migrated  from  the  state 
of  birth  during  any  given  period  of  time.  Some  of 
those  who  have  migrated  have  died,  and  the  statis- 
tics show  only  those  living  at  the  time  of  enumeration, 
who  may  be  briefly  described  as  surviving  migrants. 

Interdivisional  migration. — ^Table  3  shows  the  differ- 
ence between  the  total  number  of  native  Americans 
living  in  each  of  the  nine  geographic  divisions  and 
the  total  number  born  in  each  division  as  reported  at 
the  census  of  1910. 


Vable  3 

POPULATION  BORN  IN  AND  LIVING  IN  THE  UNITED 
STATES'  AND  WITH  STATE  OF  BIETH  REPOETED: 

1910 

Bivisioir. 

Bom  in  the 
specified 
division. 

Living  in  the 
specified 
division. 

Gain  (+)  or 

loss  (-)  by 

interstate 

migration 

(col.  2- col.  1). 

1 

2 

3 

United  States 

78,095,419 

4,907,215 

15,342,852 

16,479,765 

9,449,180 

12,770,824 

9,481,023 

6,758,408 

1,289,296 

1,616,866 

78,095,419 

4,702,088 
14,410,385 
15,103,330 
9,961,467 
11,869,658 
8,304,102 
8,392,981 
2,158,616 
3,192,792 

New  England 

-205, 127 

Middle  Atlantic 

—932, 467 

-1,376,425 
+512,287 
—901,166 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

—1,176,921 

West  South  Central 

+1,634  573 

Mountain 

+869,320 

Pacific 

+1,575,926 

I  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 

The  table  shows  that  there  were,  in  1910,  4,907,215 
persons  living  in  the  United  States  (exclusive  of 
outlying  possessions)  who  were  reported  as  born  in 
New  England,  while  the  number  of  native  Americans 
residing  in  New  England  was  4,702,088,  or  205,127 
less.  This  difference  represents  the  net  loss  to  New 
England  in  the  balancing  of  surviving  emigrants.  To 
put  the  matter  in  another  way,  if  all  persons  should 


return  to  the  division  in  which  they  were  born,  the 
number  of  persons  coming  back  to  New  England 
would  exceed  by  205,127  the  number  of  persons  leav- 
ing New  England  for  other  parts  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  evident  that  the  number  of  persons  reported  as 
born  in  any  division  by  no  means  indicates  what  the 
native  American  population  of  that  division  would 
have  been  had  there  been  no  interstate  migration  on 
the  part  of  the  present  generation.  If  every  person 
now  living  who  was  born  in  New  England  had  re- 
mained there,  the  living  children  and  grandchildren 
of  such  persons  would  have  been  added  to  the  popu- 
lation of  that  division;  as  it  is,  the  children  and. 
grandchildren  of  those  who  migrated  elsewhere  appear 
as  natives  of  other  divisions.  The  converse  is  true 
regarding  the  descendants  of  persons  born  in  other 
divisions  and  now  hving  in  New  England.  Thus 
while  the  census  makes  it  possible  to  measure  what 
may  be  termed  the  direct  effects  of  the  migration  of 
persons  still  living,  it  affords  no  means  of  measuring 
the  indirect  effects. 

All  divisions  east  of  the  Mississippi  have  lost  more 
than  they  have  gained  as  the  direct  result  of  the  mi- 
gration of  persons  stiU  living.  The  more  westerly 
divisions — the  West  North  Central,  West  South  Cen- 
tral, Mountain,  and  Pacific — have  gained  largely  by 
such  migration.  If  aU  the  native  Americans  in  the 
country  should  return  to  the  states  where  they  were 
born,  the  Pacific  division  would  lose  nearly  one-half  of 
its  native  American  population. 

The  preceding  table  shows  only  the  net  effects  of 
migration,  the  last  column  representing  the  difference 
between  the  number  of  persons  born  in  a  given  divi- 
sion who  were  living  outside  of  it  and  the  number  liv- 
ing in  the  division  who  were  born  outside.  These 
numbers  are  shown  in  Table  4. 


Table  4 


XTslted  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . 
■  West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


POPULATION  BORN  IN  AND  HVINQ  IN  THE  XmiTED  STATESl  AND  WITH  STATE  OF  BIRTH  REPORTED:  1910 


Bom  in  the  specified  division. 


Total 
(col.  4  +  col.  2). 


095,419 

907, 215 
342,852 
479,755 
449, 180 
770, 824 
481,023 
758,408 
289,296 
616,866 


Living  in  other  divisions. 


Number. 


11,349,040 

568,763 

1,881,406 

3,077,070 

1,840,185 

1,478,110 

1,788,681 

410,956 

188.290 

115,579 


Per  cent. 


14.6 

11.6 
12.3 
18.7 
19.5 
U.6 
18. « 

6.1 
14.6 

7.1 


Bom  in  and 

living  in  the 

specified 

division. 


66,746,379 

4,338,452 
13,461,446 
13,402,685 
7,608,995 
11,292,714 
7,692,342 
6,347,452 
1,101,006 
1,501,287 


Living  in  the  specified  division. 


Total 
(col.  4  +  col.  6). 


5 


78,095,419 

4,702,088 
14,410,385 
15,103,330 
0,961,467 
11,869,658 
8,304,102 
8,392,981 
2, 158, 616 
3, 192, 792 


Bom  in  other  divisions. 


Number. 


6 


11,349,040 

363, 636 

948,939 

1, 700, 645 

2,352,472 

576,944 

611, 760 

2,045,529 

1,057.610 

1,691,505 


Per  cent. 


14.6 

7.7 

6.6 

11.3 

23.6 

4.9 

7.4 

24.4 

49.0 

53.0 


Gain  (+)  or 

loss  (— ) 

through 

interstate 

migration 

(col.  5  —  col. 

1  or  col.  6— 

col.  2). 


-205,127 
-932, 467 

-1,376,425 
+512,287 
-901, 166 

-1,176.921 

+1,634,573 
+869,320 

+  1,575,926 


1  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


Of  the  78,095,419  native  Americans  enumerated  in 
1910  with  state  of  birth  reported,  11,349,040,  or  14.5 
per  cent,  were  living  outside  the  division  in  which  born. 
This  percentage  is  lower  than  the  percentage  living  out- 
side the  state  in  which  born  (2 1.7) ,  as  shown  by  Table  2, 


for  the  obvious  reason  that  many  persons  migrate  from 
one  state  to  another  within  the  same  geographic  division. 
They  are  interstate  migrants,  but  not  interdivisional. 
Table  4  shows  that  in  1910  of  the  4,907,215  persons 
born  in  New  England  4,338,452  were  still  living  there 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


171 


while  568,763  were  living  in  other  divisions;  on  the 
other  hand,  there  were  363,636  persons  living  in  New 
England  who  had  been  born  in  other  divisions.  The 
difference  between  the  two  figures  last  named,  205,127, 
is  the  direct  loss  to  New  England  by  interstate 
migration,  as  already  shown  in  Table  3.  Of  the 
population  born  in  New  England,  11.6  per  cent  had 
emigrated  to  other  divisions,  and  of  the  native  Ameri- 
can population  living  in  New  England  7.7  per  cent 
had  immigrated  from  other  divisions.  These  state- 
ments indicate  how  the  table  is  to  be  read. 

This  table  also  shows  that  in  1910  a  much  larger  per- 
centage of  the  native  American  population  of  the 
West  North  Central,  West  South  Central,  Mountain, 
and  Pacific  divisions  consisted  of  persons  bom  outside 
those  divisions  than  in  the  case  of  the  five  more 
easterly  geographic  divisions.  In  the  Mountain  and 
Pacific  divisions  about  one-half  of  the  native  Ameri- 
can population  consisted  of  those  bom  outside ;  in  the 
South  Atlantic  division  the  proportion  was  only  4.9 
per  cent. 


It  is  noteworthy  that,  notwithstanding  the  large 
number  of  persons  living  in  the  West  North  Central 
division  who  were  born  outside  it,  the  percentage  of  its 
own  natives  living  outside  its  borders  (19.5  per  cent) 
was  larger  than  the  corresponding  percentage  for  any 
other  geographic  division.  The  statistics  indicate 
that  the  earlier  extensive  migration  into  this  division 
has  been  followed  by  a  very  considerable  migration 
out  of  it  toward  the  West  and  South.  The  lowest 
proportion  living  outside  the  division  of  birth  in  1910 
was  that  for  persons  bom  in  the  West  South  Central 
division,  6.1  per  cent. 

Table  5  is  in  effect  a  continuation  in  condensed  form 
of  Table  4.  It  shows  the  migration  to  and  from 
each  geographic  division  as  reported  at  each  census 
from  1870  to  1910;  that  is,  it  shows  what  proportion 
of  the  total  population  reported  at  each  census  as 
bom  in  the  division  was  living  in  other  divisions,  and, 
conversely,  what  proportion  of  the  native  American 
population  living  in  each  geographic  division  was 
born  in  other  divisions. 


POPULATION  BORN  IN  AND  LIVING  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS:   1870-1910. 


Table  5 


DIVISION  AND  CEN808  YEAB. 


New  Kngland: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

Middle  Atlantic: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

East  North  Centbal: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

West  North  Central: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

South  Atlantic: 
•  1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

East  South  Central: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

West  South  Central: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

Mountain: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

Pacific: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 


population  born  in  and  livino  in  the  united  states  >  AND  with  state  or 

BIRTH  REPORTED. 


Bom  In  the  specified  division. 


Total. 


4,907,215 
4,338,274 
8,808,003 
3,643,424 
3,293,103 

15,342.852 
13,178,117 
11,177,406 
9,843,732 
8,186,679 

16,479,755 
14,160,456 
11,596,441 
9, 179, 161 
6,618,328 

9,449,180 
7,448,659 
5,262,124 
3,276,998 
1,801,712 

12,770,824 
11,161,575 
9,616,872 
8,509,714 
6,828,793 

9,481,023 
8,325,166 
6,978,603 
6,019,996 
4,591,940 

6,758,408 
4,855,385 
3,242,235 
2,257,662 
1,269,192 

1,289,296 
835,858 
469,834 
285,621 
155,724 

1,616,866 

1,099,277 

724,201 

459, 190 

233,189 


Living  in  other  divisions. 


Number.       Per  cent. 


568,763 
626,979 
564,672 
687,039 
568,707 

1.881,406 
1,808.060 
1,818,364 
1,785,831 
1,596,101 

3,077,070 
2,473.049 
2,194,918 
1,552,367 
930, 119 

1,840,185 

1,101,856 

602,940 

333,539 

176,027 

1,478,110 
1,372,186 
1,291,048 
1,335,735 
1,318,504 

1,788.681 
1,482,208 
1,255,789 
1,146,840 
932, 776 

410,956 
231,088 
149,286 
108,456 
74,374 

188,290 
84,466 
36,314 
17,969 
6,140 

115,579 
74,379 
39,888 
25,332 
12,109 


11.6 
12.1 
14.6 
16.1 
17.3 

12.3 
13.7 
16.3 
18.1 
19.5 

18.7 
17.5 
18.9 
16.9 
14.1 

19.5 
14.8 
11.3 
10.2 
9.8 

11.6 
12.3 
13.4 
15.7 
19.3 

18.9 
17.8 
18.0 
19.1 
20.3 

6.1 

4.8 
4.6 
4.8 
5.9 

14.6 
10.1 
7.7 
6.3 
3.9 

7.1 
6.8 
5.6 
6.5 
5.2 


Living  in  the  specified  division. 


TotaE 


4,702,088 
4,119.509 
3,540,915 
3,216,890 
2,838,792 

14,410,385 
12,089.967 
9,840,3.57 
8,475,904 
6,935,402 

15,103,330 
13,305,007 
10,890.202 
9,289,997 
7,460,310 

9,961,467 
8,777,275 
7,278,499 
5.157,213 
3,183,301 

11,869,658 
10,211,017 
8,625,681 
7,422,906 
6,686,136 

8,304,102 
7,444,534 
6,292,013 
5,489,952 
4,299,251 

8,392,981 
6,244,819 
4,279,938 
3,155.090 
1,899,927 

2,158,616 

1,361,469 

883,235 

492,226 

228,290 

3,192,792 

1.849,170 

i;  334, 879 

775,320 

447,251 


Bom  in  other  divisions. 


Number.       Per  cent, 


363,636 
308, 214 
207,484 
160,505 
111,396 

948,939 
719,910 
481,315 
418,003 
344,824 

1,700,645 
1,617,600 
1,488,679 
1,663,203 
1,772,101 

2,352,472 
2,430,472 
2,609.315 
2,213,754 
1,557,616 

576,944 
421,628 
299,857 
248,927 
175,847 

611,760 
601,576 
569, 199 
616, 796 
640,087 

2,045,529 
1,620,522 
1,186.989 
1,005,884 
705,109 

1,057,610 

610,077 

449,715 

224,574 

78,706 

1,691,505 
824,272 
650,566 
341,462 
226, 171 


7.7 
7.5 
5.9 
5.0 
4.0 

6.6 
6.0 
4.9 
4.9 
5.0 

n.3 

12.2 
13.7 
17.9 
23.8 

23.6 

27.7 
35.8 
42.9 
48.9 

4.9 
4.1 
3.5 
3.4 
3.1 

7.4 
8.1 
9.0 
11.2 
14.9 

24.4 
25.9 
27.7 
31.9 
37.1 

49.0 
44.8 
50.9 
^5.6 
34.5 

53.0 
44.6 
48.7 
44.0 
50.6 


Net  gain  (+) 

or  loss  (— ) 

through 

interstate 

migration. 


-206, 127 
-218,765 
-357,088 
-426,534 
-454,311 

-932,467 
-1,088,150 
-1,337,049 
-1,367,828 
-1,251,277 

-1,376,425 
-855,449 
-706,239 
+  110,836 
+841,982 

+512,287 
+  1,328,616 
+2,016,375 
+  1,880,215 
+  1,381,589 

-901,166 

-950,558 

-991,191 

-1,088,808 

-1,142,657 

-1,176,921 
-880,632 
-686,590 
-530,044 
-292,689 

+  1,634,573 

+  1,389,434 

+  1,037,703 

+897,428 

+030,735 

+869,320 
+525,611 
+413,401 
+206,605 
+  72,566 

+1,575,926 
+749,893 
+610,678 
+316, 130 
+214,062 


'  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


172 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


In  1870,  17.3  per  cent  of  the  persons  born  in  New 
England  were  living  in  other  divisions.  In  1910,  the 
percentage  had  declined  to  11.6.  There  was  a  similar 
decline  in  the  percentage  for  the  Middle  Atlantic  and 
South  Atlantic  divisions.  The  two  North  Central 
divisions  show  an  increase  in  this  percentage.  The  two 
South  Central  divisions  show,  on  the  whole,  no  marked 
change  in  this  respect,  but  the  percentage  of  emigrants 
from  the  Mountain  division  has  gr?ntly  increased, 
while  that  of  emigrants  from  the  Pacific  division  has 
increased  in  some  degree. 

In  the  case  of  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic 
'  divisions  there  has  been  some  increase  m  the  relative 
^  importance  of  domestic  immigration,  as  indicated  by 
the  percentage  of  the  native  American  population 
born  outside  of  the  division.  Thus,  in  1870,  4  per 
cent  of  the  total  population  bom  in  the  United  States 
and  living  in  New  England  were  born  outside  New 
England.  By  1910  the  proportion  had  increased  to 
7.7  per  cent.  The  South  Atlantic  division  also  shows 
some  increase  in  this  percentage,  but  the  foui*  central 
divisions  show  a  rather  marked  decline.  Thus,  in 
1870,  almost  one-half  (48.9  per  cent)  of  the  total  native 
population  inhabiting  the  West  North  Central  division 
were  born  in  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  as 
against  less  than  one-fourth  (23.6  per  cent)  in  1910. 
In  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions  the  percentage 
has  fluctuated  without  any  continuous  movement 
toward  either  a  higher  or  a  lower  percentage.  It  is 
noteworthy,  however,  that,  notwithstanding  the  large 
migration  to  the  Pacific  coast  in  the  years  following 
the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  the  proportion  of 
the  native  population  of  the  Pacific  division  reported 
as  bom  outside  that  division  was  larger  in  1910  than 
at  any  preceding  census  back  to  and  including  1870. 

Comparing  the  returns  for  1910  with  those  for  1900, 
as  shown  in  Table  5,  the  divisions  may  be  placed  in 
two  groups — ^first,  those  in  which  the  direct  loss  through 
interdivisional  migration  of  persons  now  living  was 
reduced  or  the  gain  increased  during  the  decade,  and, 
second,  those  of  which  the  converse  is  true,  the  loss 
being  increased  or  the  gam  reduced.  The  two  gi-oups 
are  distinguished  by  the  last  two  columns  of  Table  6. 

The  first  group  includes  the  New  England,  Middle 
Atlantic,  and  South  Atlantic  divisions,  in  which  the 
loss  through  interstate  migration  has  been  reduced,  and 
also  the  West  South  Central,  Mountam,  and  Pacific 
divisions,  in  which  the  gain  has  been  increased.  The 
second  group  includes  the  East  North  Central  and 
East  South  Central  divisions,  in  which  the  loss  has 
been  increased,  and  also  the  West  North  Central,  in 
which  the  gain  has  been  reduced.  In  1900  the  West 
North  Central  division  had  gained  1,328,616  persons, 
but  in  1910  the  gain  was  only  512,287,  a  reduction  of 
816,329. 

The  figures  presented  in  the  last  two  columns  of 
Table  6,  however,  by  no  means  represent  the  difference 
between  migration  into  and  migration  out  of  the  re- 
respective  divisions  during  the  past  10  years.     Changes 


in  the  gains  or  losses  are  also  affected  by  deaths 
among  those  who  had  previously  migrated.  Undoubt- 
edly, however,  in  the  case  of  marked  changes  in  gain 
or  loss  between  1900  and  1910,  migration  during  the 
decade  has  been  the  principal  factor. 


Table  6 

DIVISION. 

NET  GAIN  (  +  )  OE  LOSS  (— ) 

THKOUGH 

INTERSTATE  MIGRATION. 

Keduction 

of  loss  or 

Increase 

of  gain: 

1900-1910 

Increase 
of  loss  or 
reductien 

of  gain: 
1900-191* 

1916 

1900 

New  England 

-205,127 
-932,467 

-1,376,425 
+512,287 
-901,166 

-1,176,921 

+1,634,573 
+869,320 

+  1,575,926 

-218,765 

-1,088,150 

—855,449 

+1,328,616 

-950,558 

-880,632 

+1,389,434 

+525,611 

+749,893 

13,638 
155,683 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

520,976 
816,329 

West  North  Centi-al 

South  Atlantic 

49,392 

East  South  Central  .  .     .  . 

296,289 

West  South  Central 

245,139 
343,709 
826,033 

Pacific 

Table  5  shows  that  in  the  New  England  and  South 
Atlantic  divisions  the  net  loss  through  interstate  mi- 
gration has  steadily  declined.  In  the  case  of  the  East 
North  Central  division  the  gain  shown  at  the  censuses 
of  1870  and  1880  has  given  place  to  a  loss  which  was 
much  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900  or  1890.  In  the 
case  of  the  West  North  Central  division  the  gain  through 
interetate  migration  reached  its  maximum  in  1890  and 
has  declined  very  greatly  since  then.  In  the  West  South 
Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  gain  has  steadily  increased,  being  greater  in 
1910  than  at  any  preceding  census. 

Certain  broad  generalizations  of  considerable  interest 
may  be  drawn  by  comparing  the  population  living  in 
the  three  geographic  sections,  the  North,  the  South, 
and  the  West,  w^ith  the  population  reported  as  born  m 
those  sections,  as  shown  by  Table  7. 


Table  7 

Total 

native 

population: 

1910 

BORN  IN— 

State  of 
birth  not 

RACE  AND  SECTION 
or  EESIDENCE. 

TheNorth. 

The  South. 

The  West. 

reported, 
or  born  in 
outlying 
posses- 
sions, etc. 

ALL  RACES. 

TTnited  States. . . 
The  North 

78,456,380 

44,390,371 
28,649,319 
5,416,690 

46,179,002 

42,526,162 
1,449,229 
2,203,611 

29,010,255 

1,527,107 

27,079,282 

403,866 

2,906,162 

124,001 

38,230 

2,743,931 

360,961 
213,101 

The  South 

82,578 

The  West       

65,282 

vnaiTE. 

United  States 

TheNorth 

68,386,412 
43,319,193 
19,821,249 
5,245,970 

9,787,424 

999,451 

8,738,858 

49,115 

45,488,942 

41,891,353 

1,407,262 

2,190,327 

621,286 

570,298 

39,077 

11,911 

19,814,860 

1,110,245 

18,326,236 

378,379 

9,109,153 

415,533 

8,668,619 

25,001 

2,766,492 

116,939 

34,523 

2,615,030 

15,604 
2,295 
2,412 

10,897 

316,118 
200,656 

The  South 

53,228 

The  West 

62,234 

NEGRO. 

United  States 

TheNorth 

41,381 
11,325 

The  South 

28,750 

The  West 

1,306 

The  above  table  shows,  for  all  races  and  for  the 
whites  and  negroes  separately,  the  number  resident 
in  each  section  in  1910  who  were  reported  as  born  in 
each  section ;  or,  conversely,  the  number  bom  in  each 
section  who  were  resident  in  each.  The  North  com- 
prises the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  and  North 
Central  divisions;  the  South,  the  South  Atlantic  and 
South  Central  divisions;  and  the  West,  the  Mountain 
and  Pacific  divisions. 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


173 


Table  7  brings  out  the  fact  that  there  has  been  con- 
siderable migration  from  north  to  south  and  from 
south  to  north,  as  well  as  from  east  to  west.  The 
absolute  number  of  persons  born  in  the  North  and 
living  in  the  South  (1,449,229)  was  not  very  differ- 
ent from  the  number  bom  in  the  South  and  living  in 
the  North  (1,527,107).  The  North,  however,  has 
contributed  more  than  five  times  as  many  to  the 
population  of  the  West  as  the  South  has. 

Division  of  birth  in  relation  to  division  of  residence. — 
More  specific  information  regarding  interdivisional 
migration  may  be  obtained  from  Table  16,  page  181, 
the  first  part  of  which  shows,  when  read  from  left  to 
right,  the  number  of  native  American  persons  living  in 
each  geographic  division  who  were  bom  in  each  divi- 
sion. If  read  downward,  the  table,  of  course,  shows  the 
number  bom  in  each  division  who  were  living  in  each 
division.  In  Table  8  persons  born  in  each  geographic 
division  are  distributed  on  a  percentage  basis  accord- 
ing to  the  division  in  which  they  were  resident  in  1910. 

Table  8  shows,  for  example,  that  in  1910,  of  the 
total  number  of  persons  bom  in  New  England,  88.4 
per  cent  were  still  living  in  that  division,  while  4.5 


per  cent  were  living  in  the  adjacent  division  on  the 
west — the  Middle  Atlantic  division ;  2  per  cent  in  the 
next  division  farther  west — the  East  North  Central; 
1 .5  per  cent  in  the  West  North  Central ;  and  2  per  cent 
in  the  Pacific.  The  percentage  livmg  in  the  division  in 
which  bom  ranged  from  80.5  in  the  West  North 
Central  division  to  93.9  in  the  West  South  Central 
division. 

In  a  majority  of  cases  the  largest  number  of  the  emi- 
grants from  any  division  are  resident  in  the  adjoining 
division  on  the  west.  This  is  tme  of  the  emigrants  from 
the  New  England,  the  Middle  Atlantic,  the  East  North 
Central,  the  East  South  Central,  and  the  Mountain  di- 
visions; but  the  South  Atlantic  division  has  a  larger 
number  of  its  emigrating  natives  in  the  division  imme- 
diately north  of  it  than  in  any  other  division,  and  this 
is  also  tme  of  the  West  South  Central  division,  while 
of  the  emigrants  from  the  West  North  Central  a  larger 
number  went  to  the  Pacific  division  and  also  to  the 
West  South  Central  than  to  the  adjacent  Mountain 
division  on  the  west.  While  the  main  current  of 
migration  is  westward,  there  has  been  some  eastward 
migration  and  considerable  migration  north  and  south. 


Table  M 

PKE  CENT  DISTBIBtmON,  BY  DIVISION  OF*  EESIDENCE,  OF  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  »    DOEN  IN— 

DIVISION  OF  BKSIDEN'CE. 

New 
Enr- 
land. 

Middle 
Atlantic. 

East 

North 

Central. 

West 
North 
Central. 

South 
Atlantic. 

East 

South 

Central. 

West 

South 

Central. 

Moun- 
tain. 

Pacific. 

trnited  States 

100.0 

88.4 
4.5 
2.0 
1.5 
0.6 
0.1 
0.2 
t).6 
2.0 

100.0 

1.6 
87.7 
4.3 
2.2 
1.3 
0.2 
0.4 
0.7 
1.5 

100.0 

0.2 
1.3 
81.3 
8.6 
0.7 
0.8 
1.9 
1.8 
3.3 

100.0 

0.1 
0.5 
3.0 
80.5 
0.3 
0.3 
5.3 
4.1 
5.3 

100.0 

0.3 
3.1 
1.6 
1.0 
88.4 
2.6 
2.2 
0.4 
0.5 

100.0 

0.1 
0.3 
3.6 
2.5 
1.9 
81.1 
9.1 
0.6 
0.8 

100.0 

0.1 
0.2 
0.5 
1.6 
0.3 
1.2 
9.3.9 
1.3 
1.0 

100.0 

0.3 

o.» 

1.4 
3.0 
0.3 
0.2 
1.3 
85.4 
7.2 

100.0 

0.3 
0.8 
0.9 
1.1 
0.3 
0.1 
0.5 
3.0 
92.9 

New  England 

Mldd lo  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

>  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


Table  9  shows  what  percentage  of  the  native  popu- 
lation resident  in  each  division  were  bom  in  that  divi- 
sion and  in  each  of  the  other  divisions.  The  per- 
centages are  based  on  the  total  native  population, 
including  persons  bom  in  the  outlying  possessions 
of  the  United  States,  or  at  sea  under  the  United  States 
flag,  persons  bom  in  the  United  States  for  whom  the 
state  of  birth  was  not  reported,  and  American  citi- 
zens born  abroad.     The  table  is  substantially  the  con- 


verse of  Table  8  and  needs  little  comment.  It  brings 
out  the  fact  that  the  two  North  Central  divisions  have 
contributed  largely  to  the  population  of  the  Pacific 
and  Mountain  divisions.  Of  the  total  native  popula- 
tion of  the  Pacific  division,  31.7  per  cent  were  born  east 
of  the  Mississippi  (that  is,  in  the  New  England,  Mid- 
dle Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  South  Atlantic,  and 
East  South  Central  divisions),  and  of  the  total  native 
population  of  the  Mountain  division,  24.7  per  cent. 


Table  9 


DIVISION  OF  BIBTH. 


Total 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

United  States,  state  of  birth  not  reported  . 
Outlying  possessions  > 


PEE  CENT  DISTEIBUTION,   BY  DIVISION  OF  BIBTH,  OF  THE  NATIVE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  1    AND  EESIDING  IN — 


New 
England, 


100.0 

91.8 
5.3 
0.8 
0.3 
0.9 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 


Middle 
Atlantic. 


100.0 

1.5 
93.1 
1.5 
0.3 
2.7 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
0.3 
0.1 


East 
North 
Central. 


100.0 

0.0 
4.3 
88.3 
2.2 
1.3 
2.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.4 
0.1 


West 
North 
Central. 


100.0 

0.7 
3.4 
14.2 
75.9 
1.2 
2.4 
1.1 
0.4 
0.2 
0.5 
0.1 


South 
Atlantic. 


100.0 

0.3 
1.7 
1.0 
0.2 
94.9 
1.5 
0.1 

m 
(') 

0.2 


East 

South 

Central. 


100.0 

0.1 
0.3 
1.6 
0.4 
4.0 
92.4 
1.0 

(») 

(») 
0.2 

(') 


West 

South 

Central. 


100.0 

0.1 
0.7 
3.7 
5.9 
3.3 
10.2 
75.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0.4 


Moun- 
tain. 


Pacific. 


100.0 

1.4 
5.1 
13.5 
17.6 
2.1 
2.6 
4.0 
50.5 
2.3 
0.8 
0.2 


100.0 
3.1 
7.2 
10.9 
15.6 
2.1 
2.4 
2.1 
2.9 
46.4 
1.0 
0.4 


I  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions.  '  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

3  Includes  also  persons  bom  at  sea  under  United  States  flag  and  American  citizens  born  abroad. 


174 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Migration  of  native  white  and  native  negro  popula- 
tion.— The  preceding  tables  (with  one  exception)  have 
dealt  with  the  total  native  population  without  distinc- 
tion of  race.  It  is  desirable,  however,  to  consider 
separately  the  division  of  birth  of  the  native  white  and 


the  native  negro  population,  which  together  constitute 
nearly  the  entire  number  of  native  Americans.  Table 
10  therefore  presents  for  these  two  classes  statistics 
similar  to  those  presented  in  Table  4  for  the  total 
native  population. 


Table  10 


ITnited  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


WHITE  PEESONS  BOBN  IN  AND  LIVINQ  IN  THE  XmiTED  STATES  1  AND  WITH  STATE 
OF  BIRTH  bepokted:  1910 


Bom  in  the  specified 
division. 


Total 
(col.  4+ 
col.  2). 


68,070,294 

4,867,376 
15, 123, 715 
16,287,667 
9,210,184 
8,273,219 
6,631,841 
4,909,800 
1,206,525 
1,559,967 


Living  in  other 
divisions. 


Number. 


Per 

ceat. 


10,366, 

661, 

1,858, 

3,047, 

1,800, 

1,028, 

1,433, 

346, 

181, 

108, 


735  15. 2 

617  11.5 
755  12. 3 
706  18. 7 
028  19.5 
666  12.4 
609  21. 6 
311  7.1 
649  15. 1 
394    6.9 


Bom  in 
and  living 

in  the 
sijecifled 
division. 


57,703,559 

4,305,759 
13,264,960 
13,239,961 
7,410,156 
7,244,553 
5,198,232 
4,563,489 
1,024,876 
1,451,573 


Living  in  the  specified 
division. 


Total 
(col.  4+ 
col.  6). 


Bom  in  other 
divisions. 


Number. 


6 


070,29410 

641, 157 
003,037 
791,593 
682, 750 
765,765 
657,676 
344,5801  1, 
063,208  1, 
120,528  1, 


366, 735 

335,398 
738,077 
551,632 
272,594 
521,212 
459, 444 
781,091 
038,332 
668,955 


Per 
cent 


15.2 

7.2 

5.3 

10.5 

23.5 

6.7 

8.1 

28.1 

50.3 

53.5 


Gain  (+) 
or  loss  (— ) 
through 
interstate 
migration 
(col.  6- 
col.  2). 


-226,219 

-1,120,678 

-1,496,074 

+472,566 

-507, 454 

-974, 165 

+1,434,780 

+856,683 

+  1,560,561 


NEQRO  PERSONS  BORN  IN  AND  LIVINQ  m  THE  UNITED  STATES  1  AND 
WITH  STATE  OF  BIRTH  REPORTED:   1910 


Bom  in  the  specified 
division. 


Toial 
(col.  12+ 
col.  10). 


9 


9,746,043 

37,799 

212, 145 

173,226 

198, 116 

4,487,313 

2,844,598 

1,777,242 

7,342 

8,262 


Living  in 

other 
divisions. 


Num- 
ber. 


10 


963,153 

6,984 

22, 183 

28,039 

36,062 

448,140 

352,991 

63,354 

3,220 

2,180 


Per 
cent. 


11 


9.9 

18.5 
10.5 
16.2 
18.2 
10.0 
12.4 
3.6 
43.9 
26.4 


Born  in 
and  living 

in  the 
specified 
division. 


12 


8,782,890 

30,815 

189,962 

145",  187 

162,054 

4,039,173 

2,491,60^ 

1,713,888 

4,122 

6,082 


Living  in  the  specified 
division. 


Total 
(col.  12+ 
col.  14). 


9,746,043 

58, 109 

398,529 

292,875 

238,613 

4,094,486 

2,643,722 

1,971,900 

20,571 

27,238 


Bom  in 

other 
divisions. 


Num- 
ber. 


14 


963,153 

27,294 

208,567 

147,688 

76,659 

55,313 

152, 115 

258,012 

16,449 

21, 156 


Per 
cent. 


IS 


9.9 

47.0 
62.3 
50.4 
32.1 
1.4 
5.8 
13.1 
SO.O 
77.7 


Gain(+) 
orloss(— > 
through 
inter- 
state 
migration 
(col.  14- 
col.  10). 


16 


+20,310 
+186,384 
+119,649 

+40,497 
-392,827 
-200,876 
+  194,658 

+  13,229 

+18,970 


1  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


This  table  shows  a  somewhat  greater  mobility  on 
the  part  of  the  white  population  than  on  the  part 
of  the  negro.  Of  the  68,070,294  native  whites 
enumerated  in  1910,  10,366,735,  or  15.2  per  cent, 
were  living  in  some  other  division  than  that  in  which 
bom.  Of  the  9,746,043  native  negroes  963,153,  or 
9.9  per  cent,  were  living  outside  the  division  of  birth. 
In  the  case  of  the  whites  the  percentages  living  outside 
the  division  of  birth  ranged  from  6.9  for  whites 
born  in  the  Pacific  division  to  21.6  for  those  born  in 
the  East  South  Central.  In  the  case  of  the  negroes 
the  percentages  ranged  from  3.6  for  those  bom  in  the 
West  South  Central  division  to  43.9  for  those  born  in 
the  Mountain  division.  Outside  the  South  a  large  part 
of  the  negro  population  are  not  natives  of  the  division 
in  which  living,  but  have  immigrated  from  other  divi- 
sions, principally  from  the  South,  the  proportion  of 
immigrants  ranging  from  almost  one-third  in  the  West 
North  Central  division  to  about  four-fifths  in  the 
Pacific  and  Mountain  divisions.  The  South  Atlantic 
and  East  South  Central  divisions  are  the  only  ones 
which  have  suffered  a  direct  loss  in  population  through 
the  migration  of  negroes  of  the  present  generation. 
The  absolute  gain  is  most  conspicuous  in  the  case  of 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  West  South  Central  divisions. 

The  migration  of  native  whites  and  native  negroes 
to  and  from  the  several  states,  so  far  as  it  can  be  indi- 
cated by  statistics  of  state  of  birth,  is  shown  in  Table 
15,  which  corresponds  to  Table  10  above. 

Migration  to  the  several  divisions  from  other  divisions 
and  from  foreign  conntries. — Table  1 1  shows  for  1910  and 
1900  the  sources  from  which  the  different  geographic 
divisions  had  drawn  their  population.  The  three 
classes  distinguished  are  (1)  natives  of  the  division  of 
residence,  (2)  native  Americans  born  outside  the  di- 


vision of  residence,  and  (3)  the  foreign  born;  more 
briefly,  they  may  be  called  natives,  domestic  immi- 
grants, and  foreign  immigrants. 


Table  11 

DIVISION 

Total 
popula- 
tion.! 

BORN  IN 
DrnsiON  OF 
RESIDENCE. 

BORN  IN 

OTHER 
DIVISIONS. 

FOREIGN 
BOBN. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

1910 

tTni ted  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central... 
West  South  Central.. 
Mountain 

91,972,266 

6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,637,921 
12,194,895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 
4,192,304 

75,994,675 

5,592,017 
15,454,678 
15,985,581 
10,347,423 
10,443,480 
7,547,757 
6,532,290 
1,674,657 
2,416,692 

66,746,379 

4,338,452 
13,461,446 
13,402,685 
7,608,995 
11,292,714 
7,692,342 
6,347,452 
1,101,006 
1,501,287 

56,248,496 

3,811,295 

11,370,057 

11,687,407 

6,346,803 

9,789,389 

6,842,958 

4,624,297 

751,392 

1,024,898 

72.6 

66.2 
69.7 
73.4 
65.4 
92.6 
91.5 
72.3 
41.8 
35.8 

74.0 

68.2 
73.6 
73.1 
61.3 
93.7 
90.7 
70.8 
44.9 
4Z4 

11,349,040 

363,6,36 

948,939 

1,700,645 

2,352,472 

576,944 

611,760 

2,045,529 

1,057,610 

1,691,505 

9,154,271 

308,214 

719,910 

1,617,600 

2,430,472 

421,628 

601,576 

1,620,522 

610,077 

824,272 

12.3 

5.5 
4.9 
9.3 
20.2 
4.7 
7.3 
23.3 
40.2 
40.3 

12.0 

5.5 
4.7 
10.1 
23.5 
4.0 
8.0 
24.8 
36.4 
34.1 

13,515,886 

1,826,110 

4,851,173 

3,073,766 

1,616,695 

299,994 

87,825 

352,192 

453,322 

955,809 

10,341,276 

1,445,237 

3,317,559 

2,625,226 

1,533,248 

216,030 

90,568 

267,087 

301,969 

544,352 

14.7 
27.9 
25.1 
16.8 
13.9 
2.5 
1.0 
4.0 
17.2 

Pacific 

22.8 

1900 

ITnited  States.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central.. 
Mountain 

13. « 

25.8 
21.5 
1&4 
14.8 
2.1 
1.2 
4.1 
18  0 

Pacific 

22.5 

I  Includes  persons  born  in  the  United  States,  state  of  birth  not  reported,  persons 
bom  in  outlying  possessions,  or  at  sea  under  United  States  flag,  and  American 
citizens  born  abroad.    (See  Tables  1  and  16.) 

In  most  of  the  divisions  the  natives  are  greatly  in 
the  majority,  outnumbering  both  classes  of  immigrants. 
The  preponderance  is  greatest  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division,  where  92.6  per  cent  of  the  population  in  1910 
consisted  of  persons  bom  in  the  division.  The  proper- ' 
tion  was  nearly  as  great  in  the  East  South  Central.  In 
the  Pacific  division,  however,  the  most  important  class 
numerically  was  that  of  the  domestic  immigrants,  who 
formed  40.3  per  cent  of  the  total  population  in  1 9 1 0,  while 
the  natives  of  the  division  formed  but  35.8  per  cent — 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


175 


hardly  more  than  one-third — and  the  foreign  immi- 
grants 22.8  per  cent.  In  the  Mountain  division  the 
natives  of  the  division  were  only  slightly  more  nu- 
merous than  the  domestic  immigrants,  and  constituted 
but  41.8  per  cent  of  the  total  population.  Of  course, 
these  conditions  are  indicative  of  the  comparatively 
recent  settlement  and  rapid  development  of  the  far 
West,  and  of  the  great  immigration  thither  from  other 
parts  of  the  United  States.  In  New  England  and  in 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  East  North  Central  divisions 
the  greater  part  of  the  immigration  is  from  foreign 
countries,  the  foreign  bom  greatly  outnumbering  the 
domestic  immigrants,  but  in  all  the  other  divisions  the 
foreign  immigrants  are  the  least  numerous  of  the  three 
classes  here  compared. 

Comparison  between  the  figures  for  1910  and  1900, 
shown  in  Table  11,  reveals  the  relative  importance  of 
the  three  classes  as  factors  in  the  increase  in  the  popu- 
lation of  the  several  divisions  during  the  decade.  The 
comparison  is  faciUtated  by  Table  12.  It  may  be  well 
to  point  out  that  this  table  throws  no  light  upon 
the  question  of  the  fecundity  or  natural  increase  of 
the  population.  The  persons  reported  in  1910  as  born 
in  a  given  division  include,  of  course,  many  children  of 
persons  who  were  not  bom  in  the  division  as  well  as 
the  children  of  persona  bom  in  the  division. 


Tabic  12 

INCBEASK  IN  POPULATION:   1900-1910 

DIVISION. 

Total. » 

Bom  In 
division  of 
residence. 

Bom  in 

other 

divisions. 

Foreign 
bom. 

United  Statei 

16,977,691 

960,664 
3,861,214 
2,26.5,040 
1,290,498 
1,751,415 

862, 144 
2,252,244 

958,860 
1,775,612 

10,497,883 

527, 157 
2,091,389 
1,715,278 
1,262,192 
1,503,325 

849,  .384 
1,723,155 

349,614 

476,389 

2,194,768 

65,422 
229,029 

83,045 

-78,000 

155,316 

10,184 
425,007 
447,533 
867,233 

3,174,610 

379,873 
1,533,614 

448,640 
83,447 
83  964 

New  EnRland 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

-2',  743 
86,105 
161  353 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

'  Includes  persons  bora  In  the  United  States,  state  of  birth  not  reported,  per- 
sona bom  in  outlying  possessions,  or  at  sea  under  tJnited  States  flag,  and  American 
citizens  bom  abroad. 

This  table  shows  very  great  differences  among  the 
geographic  divisions  with  respect  to  the  relative  im- 
portance of  the  three  classes  as  factors  in  the  increase 
in  population.  In  the  New  England  and  Middle 
Atlantic  divisions  the  increase  during  the  decade  was 
chiefly  in  persons  born  within  the  division  of  residence 
and  in  the  foreign  born,  the  increase  in  the  latter  being 
roughly  three-fourths  as  great  as  in  the  former.  In  the 
East  North  Central  division  conditions  were  somewhat 
similar,  except  that  the  increase  in  the  foreign  born 
was  relatively  less  important.  In  the  West  North 
Central,  South  Atlantic,  and  East  South  Central 
divisions,  on  the  other  hand,  nearly  the  entire 
increase  was  in  natives  of  the  division.  In  the 
West  South  Central  division  there  was  a  marked 
increase  in  domestic  immigrants,  as  well  as  in  natives 
of  the  division,  but  comparatively  little  increase  in  the 
foreign  born.     Finally,  in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific 


divisions  the  increase  in  domestic  immigrants  was 
greater  than  that  in  natives,  and  there  was  also  a  very 
considerable  increase  in  the  foreign  bom. 

Migration  to  the  several  states  from  other  states  and 
from  foreign  countries. — Table  13  gives  a  classification  of 
the  population  of  each  state  in  1910,  distinguishing  the 
natives  of  the  state,  the  domestic  immigrants  (born  in 
other  states) ,  and  the  foreign  immigrants  (foreign  born) . 


Table  13 


United  States. 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  Yorlc 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Ariiona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacikic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California , 


Total 
popula- 
tion: 
19101 


91,972,266 


742,371 
430,572 
355,956 

3,366,416 
542,610 

1,114,756 

9,113,614 
2, 637, 16"" 
7,665,111 

4,767,121 

2,700,876 
5,638,591 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 

2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
577,056 
583,888 
1,192,214 
1,690,949 

202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2, 206, 287 
1,515,400 
2,609,121 

752,619 

2,289,905 
2,184,789 
2,138,093 
1,797,114 

1,674,449 
1,056,388 
1,667,155 
3,896,542 

376,053 
325,594 
145,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81,875 

1,141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 


61,185,305 


BORN  IN 

STATE   OF 

residence. 


N^b«r.   ^«[ 


578, 739 
248,629 
250,480 
1,861,820 
267,116 
607,074 

5,647,063 
1,344,164 
5,638,263 

3,646,991 
2,031,345 
3,406,638 
1,761,085 
1,558,456 


1,121,376  64.0 
1,416,684   63.7 

67.5 

34.3 
38.6 
50.0 
48.7 


BORN  in 

other  states. 


Numberi 


66.616,910,114 


78.0 
57.7 
70.4 
55.3 
49.2 
54.6 

62.0 
63.0 
73.6 

74.4 
76.2 
60.4 
62.7 


2,222,925 
197,847 
226,125 
695,661 
823,628 

137,131 
1,026,355 

139,361 
1,843,152 

931,077 
2,089,728 
1,431,028 
2,364,349 

463,003 

2,031,385 
1,873,227 
1,857,916 
1,563,839 

1,055,940 

1,405,936 

515,212 

2,730,757 

99,314 

90,225 

31,782 

233,516 

184,749 

78,949 

243,054 

21,640 

262,694 
225.102 
903,996 


67.8 
79.2 
42.1 
89.4 
76.2 
94.7 
94.4 
90.6 
61.6 

88.7 
86.7 
86.9 
87.0 

67.1 
84.9 
31.1 
70.1 

26.4 

27.7 
21.8 
29.2 
66.4 
38.6 
65.1 
26.4 

23.0 
33.6 
38.0 


60,009 
82,562 
62, 165 

434,104 
94, 710 

174,680 

686,616 
525, 075 
569,204 

607,352 
501,420 
997, 189 
436,326 
256,529 

402,13 
624, 774 
822, 738 
216,990 
254, 762 
414,0.06 
722,968 

47,285 
161,783 
164,623 
188,886 
229,925 
108,605 

76,996 
221,646 
244,836 

216,517 
286,419 
257,031 
218,768 

494,076 

190,309 

1,092,844 

907,908 

177,783 
190,063 
84,209 
430,264 
117,954 
74,699 
60,656 
39,700 

608,226 
329,638 
863,236 


Per 

cent. 


18.4 


6.7 
19.2 
14.7 
12.9 
17.5 
15.7 

7.5 

20.7 

7.4 

12.7 
18.0 
17.7 
15.5 
11.0 

19.4 
23.6 
25.0 
37.6 
43.6 
34.7 
42.8 

23.4 
12.5 
49.7 
9.2 
18.8 
4.9 
6.1 
8.5 
32.5 

9.4 
13.1 
12.0 
12.2 

31.4 
11.5 
65.9 
23.3 

47.3 
58.4 
57.7 
53.8 
36.0 
36.6 
10.2 
48.5 

53.3 
49.0 
36.3 


FOREIGN  BORN. 


Number. 


13,515,886 


110,562 
96.667 
49,921 
1,059,245 
179, 141 
329,574 

2,748,011 

660,788 

1,442,374 

598,374 
159,663 
1,205,314 
597,550 
512,865 

643,595 
273, 765 
229,779 
156,654 
100,790 
176,662 
135,450 

17,492 
104,944 
24,902 
27,037 
57,218 
6,092 
6,179 
15,477 
40,633 

40,162 
18,007 
19,286 
9,770 

17,046 

62,766 

40,442 

241,938 

94,713 
42,678 
29,020 
129,587 
23,146 
48,765 
65,822 
19,691 

266,241 
113,136 
586,432 


Per 

cent. 


14.7 


14.9 
22.5 
14.0 
31.5 
33.0 
29.6 

30.2 
26.0 
18.8 

12.6 
5.9 
21.4 
21.3 
22.0 

26.2 
12.3 

7.0 
27.1 
17.3 
14.8 

8.0 

8.6 
8.1 
7.5 
1.3 
4.7 
0.3 
0.4 
0.6 
5.4 

1.8 
0.9 
0.9 
0.5 

1.1 
3.2 
2.4 
6.2 

25.2 
13.1 
19.9 
16.2 
7.1 
23.9 
17.6 
24.1 

22.4 
16.  S 
24.7 


>  Includes  persons  bom  in  theUnited  States,  state  of  birth  not  reported,  persons 
bom  in  outlying  possessions,  or  at  sea  under  United  States  flag,  and  American  citizens 
bom  abroad.  The  combined  number  of  these  classes  in  the  United  States  was  only 
360,961,  or  0.4  per  cent  of  the  total  population. 

In  nearly  every  state  east  of  the  Mississippi  a  ma- 
jority at  least  of  the  population  were  natives  of  the 
state,  the  only  exceptions  being,  in  fact,  Rhodje  Island 
and  the  District  of  Columbia.  In  three  of  the  southern 
states  more  than  nine-tenths  of  the  population  were 
natives,  but  north  of  the  Ohio  there  were  only  two 
states,  Maine  and  Indiana,  in  which  the  proportion  of 
natives  exceeded  three-fourths.  The  foreign  immi- 
grants outnumbered  the  domestic  immigrants  in  every 
state  north  of  the  Ohio  and  east  of  the  Mississippi 


176 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


except  Vermont,  Ohio,  and  Indiana.  In  Vermont  and 
Ohio  domestic  immigrants  were  not  much  more  numer- 
ous than  the  foreign,  but  in  Indiana  they  outnumbered 
the  foreign  immigrants  more  than  three  to  one. 

West  of  the  Mississippi  there  were  only  nine  states 
(Iowa,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  Arkansas, 
Louisiana,  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  Utah)  in  which  a 
majority  of  the  population  were  natives  of  the  state. 
In  Wyoming  the  natives  of  the  state  in  1910  formed 
only  21.8  per  cent  of  the  total  population  and  in  Wash- 
ington only  23  per  cent.  In  the  latter  state  a  majority 
(53.3  per  cent)  of  the  population  were  domestic  im- 
migrants. This  was  also  the  case  in  Idaho,  Wyoming, 
Colorado,  and  Oklahoma.  The  domestic  immigrants 
outnumbered  the  foreign  immigrants  in  every  state 
west  of  the  Mississippi  except  Minnesota  and  Utah. 

Interstate  migration. — ^Table  14  presents  for  the 
several  states  in  1910  and  1900  the  same  class  of  data 
that  is  shown  for  the  geographic  divisions  in  Table  4, 
that  is,  it  shows  what  proportion  of  the  population 
born  in  each  state  was  living  in  other  states  and  what 
proportion  of  the  native  American  population  of  each 
state  was  born  in  other  states.  It  shows,  for  example, 
that  the  population  of  the  United  States  (not  including 
Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  or  other  outlying  posses- 
sions) in  1910  included  791,827  persons  who  were  born 
in  the  state  of  Maine  and  that  of  this  number,  578,739 
were  living  in  Maine,  while  213,088,  or  26.9  per  cent 
of  the  total,  had  left  Maine  and  settled  in  other  states ; 
and  it  shows  also  that  the  population  of  Maine  in- 
cluded 628^748  native  Americans  with  state  of  birth 
reported,  of  whom  578,739  were  born  in  Maine  and 
50,009,  or  8  per  cent,  were  born  in  other  states.  The 
numbers  of  native  Americans  who  have  thus  migrated 
to  and  from  the  several  states  are  shown  graphically 
in  the  diagram  on  page  186. 

The  proportion  of  the  natives  of  the  several  states 
residing  in  other  states  in  1910  varied  widely.  In  the 
case  of  the  following  states  it  exceeded  one-third: 
Nevada  (46.4  per  cent);  Vermont  (38.6);  Wyoming 
(37.8);  Iowa  (36.1) ;  Kansas  (34.2);  and  New  Hampshire 
(33.8).  In  the  following  states  it  was  less  than  one- 
sixth:  Pennsylvania  (16.6  per  cent);  Georgia  (16.4); 
Massachusetts  (16.1);  New  Mexico  (15.5);  South  Caro- 
lina (15.5);  North  Carolina  (15.4);  Texas  (12.9); 
Louisiana  (12.1);  Florida  (10.2);  and  Cahfornia  (10). 
These  percentages,  it  should  be  remembered,  do  not 
include  persons  who  migrated  from  the  states  named 
to  outlying  possessions  of  the  United  States. 

Referring  to  column  7  of  the  table  it  will  be  found 
that  the?e  are  only  seven  states  (Maine,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and 
Kentucky)  in  which  the  domestic  immigrants — applying 
that  term  to  pei-sons  born  outside  the  state  but  within 
the  United  States,  exclusive  of  outlying  territories 
and  possessions — formed  less  than  one-tenth  of  the 
native  American  population  of  the  state  m  1910. 
East   of   the  Mississippi   there   are   only  four  states 


(Rhode  Island,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  Florida) 
in  which  the  proportion  exceeded  one-fourth,  or  25 
per  cent.  In  the  District  of  Columbia,  however,  the 
proportion  exceeded  one-half.  West  of  the  Mississippi 
there  are  10  states  (North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Okla- 
homa, Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  Nevada, 
Washington,  and  Oregon)  in  which  more  than  half  the 
native  American  population  in  1910  were  domestic 
immigrants  and  only  two  (Louisiana  and  Utah)  m 
which  the  proportion  was  less  than  one-fourth. 

Table  14  also  shows  the  gain  or  loss  to  the  several 
states  by  interstate  migration ;  or,  in  other  words,  the 
difference  between  the  number  of  persons  living  in  the 
state  and  born  in  other  states  and  the  number  born  in 
the  state  and  living  in  other  states.  For  example,  at 
the  census  of  1910,  213,088  persons  born  in  the  state 
of  Maine  were  living  in  other  states  and  50,009  persons 
born  in  other  states  were  living  in  Maine.  The  differ- 
ence, 163,079,  appears  in  this  table  as  the  direct  net 
loss  to  the  state  of  Maine  by  interstate  migration. 
Most  of  the  states  east  of  the  Mississippi  have  lost 
more  than  they  have  gained  by  this  interchange  of 
population  with  other  states,  gams  being  shown  only 
for  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New 
Jersey,  Mchigan,  West  Virginia,  Florida,  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  West  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the 
other  hand,  most  of  the  states  have  gauied  more  than 
they  have  lost,  the  only  states  which  have  lost  being 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Louisiana,  and  Utah. 

STATES  GAINING  OR  LOSING  BY  INTERSTATE 
MIGRATION:  1910. 


Table  15  presents,  for  1910,  by  states  for  the  native 
white  and  native  negro  population  separately,  statis- 
tics similar  to  those  presented  for  the  total  native 
population  in  Table  14. 

Of  the  two  diagrams  on  the  next  page,  the  one  on 
the  left  shows  for  each  state  the  percentages  of  the 
total  population  born  in  the  state,  bom  in  other  states, 
and  born  in  foreign  countries  (see  also  Table  13), 
while  the  diagram  on  the  right  shows  what  percentage 
of  the  natives  of  each  state  were  still  hving  in  that 
state  in  1910  and  what  percentage  had  emigrated  to 
other  states.     In  the  first  of  the  two  maps  presented 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPUl.ATION. 


17Y 


on  page  178,  the  states  are  classified  in  six  groups 
with  reference  to  the  percentage  of  emigrants.  This 
map  brings  out  the  fact  that  in  general  the  emigration 
from  states  located  on  the  boundary  of  the  United 
States  is  relatively  less  than  from  states  more  cen- 
trally located.  Tliis  probably  is  in  part  a  natural 
result  of  the  fact  that  the  possibility  of  emigration 
from  a  border  state  to  other  parts  of  the  United  States 
is  cut  off  in  one  or  more  directions.  From  some  of 
the  states  along  the  northern  border  there  has  been 
a  very  considerable  emigration  to  Canada  in  recent 
years,  but  this  of  course  is  not  revealed  by  a  popu- 
lation census  of  the  United  States.  In  the  second 
map  on  page  178,  the  states  are  grouped  with  reference 
to  the  percentage  which  the  population  bom  in  other 
states  forms  of  the  total  native  population  or  popu- 
lation bom  in  the  United  States.  The  percentages 
are  presented  in  Tables  13  and  14. 


State  of  birth  in  relation  to  state  of  residence. — ^In 
Table  16  the  total  native  population  of  each  state 
and  geographic  division  is  distributed  accortliug  to 
the  state  or  geographic  division  in  which  born.  As 
regards  any  given  state,  this  table  shows  how  many 
of  the  persons  living  in  that  state  were  born  there 
and  how  many  were  bom  in  each  of  the  other  states; 
it  gives  similar  information  for  the  several  geographic 
divisions.  The  table  covers  the  total  native  popula- 
tion, including  those  bom  in  outlying  territories  or 
possessions  of  the  United  States,  or  at  sea  under  the 
United  States  flag,  those  born  in  the  United  States 
for  whom  the  state  of  birth  was  not  reported,  and 
American  citizens  born  abroad.  At  the  same  time  the 
table  when  read  by  columns  gives  the  distribution  by 
residence  (state  or  geographic  division)  of  the  total 
population  reported  as  born  in  each  state  or  geo- 
gi-aphic  division. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION  AND  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  TOTAL  POPULATION  OF  EACH  STATE,  BY 
PLACE  OF  BIRTH:  1910. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  NATIVES  OF  EACH  STATE,  BY  PLACE  OF 
RESIDENCE:  1910. 


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Connecticut 
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NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

40UTH  ATLANTIC 

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DWT.  or  COLUMBIA 
VIROIMA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
NORTH  CAROUNA 
SOUTH  CAROLINA 
OEORGIA 
FLORIDA 
CAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 
KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 


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WYOMING 
COLORADO 
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WASHINGTON 

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MIDDLE   ATLANTIC 

NEW  YORK 
NEW  JERSEY 
PENNSYLVANIA 

EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL 

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INDUNA 

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MIOHIOAN 

WISCONSIN 
WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL 

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MISSOURI 

NORTH  DAKOTA 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC 

DELAWARE 


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WEST  VIRGINIA 


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FLORIDA 
EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 

KENTUCKY 
TENNESSEE 
ALABAMA 
MISSISSIPPI 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 

ARKANSAS 
LOUISIANA 
OKLAHOMA 
TEXAS 

MOUNTAIN 

MONTANA 
K>AMO 
WYOMING 
COLORADO 
NEW  MEXICO 
ARIZONA 
UTAH 
NEVADA 
PACIFIC 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 
CAUFORNIA 


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178 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  POPULATION  BORN  IN  EACH  STATE  LIVING  IN  OTHER  STATES:  1910. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION  LIVING  IN  EACH  STATE  BORN  IN  OTHER  STATES:  1910. 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


179 


POPUI.ATION  BORN  IN  EACH  STATE,  WITH  NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE  LIVING  IN  OTHER  STATES,  AND 
POPULATION  LIVING  IN  EACH  STATE,  WITH  NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE  BORN  IN  OTHER  STATES:  1910 
AND  1900. 


Table  14 


TTnited  States . . 

New  Ekglajto: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  NoETH  Central: 

Ohio 

TtiHIftna 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  NOETH  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota.. 

South  Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia . . 

North  Carolina . . 

South  Carolina . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E,  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


population  BOEN  in   and   living   in   the    united   states  1  AND  WITH 

state  of  bieth  repokted:  1910 


Bom  in  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


78,095,419 


791,827 
375,522 
407,940 
2,218,157 
340,098 
773,671 

6,904,461 
1,614,674 
6,763,717 

4,713,009 
2,805,516 
4,714,723 
2,168,645 
2,077,862 

1,446,106 

2,218,420 

3,141,883 

245,810 

305,604 

839,783 

1,251,574 

197,813 
1,287,179 

185,453 
2,4«4,845 
1, 118, 754 
2,470,495 
1,692,848 
2,828,309 

515,428 

2,704,675 
2,544,434 
2,316,790 
1,915,124 

1,397,65 
1,599,273 
626,452 
3,135,026 

132, 164 
122,388 

51,079 
323,334 
218,693 

96,273 
304,968 

40,397 


Living  In  other 
states. 


Number. 


16,910,114 


213, 08^ 
126,893 
157,460 
356,337 
72,982 
166,597 

1,317,398 

270,510 

1,125,454 

1,166,018 
774,171 

1,308,085 
407,560 
519,407 

324,730 
801,836 
918,958 
47,963 
80,479 
241,232 
427,946 

60,682 
270,824 

46,102 
621,693 
187,677 
380,767 
261,520 
463,960 

52,425 

673,290 
671, 207 
458,874 
351,285 

341, 717 
193,337 
111,240 
404,269 

32,850 
32,163 
19,297 
89,818 
33,944 
17,324 
61,914 
18,757 


318,619        55,925 

293,640        68,538 

1,004,607       100,611 


Per 

cent. 


21.7 


61,186,305  78,095,419 


26.9 
33.8 
38.6 
16.1 
21.5 
21.5 

18.9 
16.8 
16.6 

24.7 
27.6 
27.7 
18.8 
25. 0 

22.5 
36.1 
29.2 
19.5 
26.3 
29.1 
34.2 

30.7 
20.9 
24.9 
25.2 
16.8 
15.4 
15.5 
16.4 
10.2 

24.9 
26.4 
19.8 
18.3 


Born  in 

and 
living  in 

the 

specified 

state. 


Living  In  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


578,739 
248,629 
250,480 
1,861,820 
267,116 
607,074 

5,647,063 
1,344,164 
6,638,263 

3,546,991 
2,031,345 
3,406,638 
1,761,085 
1,668,455 

1,121,376 
1,416,584 
2,222,925 
197,847 
225,125 
506,551 
823,628 

137,131 
1,026,356 

139,351 
1,843,162 

931,077 
2,069,728 
1,431,028 
2,364,349 

463,003 

2,031,385 
1,873,227 
1,867,916 
1,563,839 


628,748 
331, 191 
302,645 
2,295,924 
361,826 
781,754 

6,333,679 
1,869,239 
6,207,467 

4,154,343 
2,532,765 
4,403,827 
2,197,411 
1,814,084 

1,523,613 
1,041,368 
3,045,663 
414,843 
479,887 
1,009.607 
1,646,596 

184,416 
1, 188, 138 

303,974 
2,032,038 
1,161,002 
2,198,333 
1,508,024 
2,585,894 

707, 

2,246,902 
2,159,646 
2,114,947 
1,782,607 


24.4  1,055,940   1,550,015 

12.1  1,405,936   1,596,245 

17.8  615,212j  1,608,056 

12.9  2,730,757  3,638,665 


24.9 
26.3 
37.81 
27.8 
15.5 
18.0 
20.3 
46.4 

17.6 
23.3 
10.0 


99,314 
90,225 
31,782 
233,516 
184,749 
78,949 
243,054 
21,640 

262,694 
225.102 
903,996 


277,097 
280,288 
116,051 
663,780 
302,703 
153,648 
303,709 
61,340 

870,920 

554,640 

1,767,232 


Bom  In  other 
states. 


Number. 


16,910,114 


50,009 
82,562 
62,165 

434,104 
94,710 

174,680 

686,616 
525,075 
660,204 

607,352 
501,420 
997,189 
436,326 


Per 
cent. 


21.7 


8.0 
24.9 
17.2 
18.9 
26.2 
22.3 

10. 
28.1 
9.2 


Galn(+) 
or  loss(— ) 
through 
Inter- 
state mi- 
gration. 


-163,079 
-44,331 

-105,295 
-f  77, 767 
+21,728 
+8,083 

-630,782 
+254,665 
-556,250 


14.6  -668,666 
10.8  -272,751 
22.6   -310,806 


19.9 


256,629   14.1 

402,137  26.4 
624,774  27.0 
822,738  27.0 
216,996  62.3 
254,762  63.1 
41.0 
46.7 


414,056 
722,968 

47,286 
161,783 
164,623 
188,886 
229,925 
108,605 

76,996 
221,545 
244,836 

216,617 
286,419 
257,031 
218,768 

494,075 

190,309 

1,092,844 

907,908 

177,783 
190.063 
84,269 
430,264 
117,954 
74,699 
60,655 
39,700 

608,226 
329,538 
863,236 


25.6 
13.6 
64.2 
9.3 
10.8 
4.0 
6.1 
8.6 
34.6 

0.6 
13.3 
12.2 
12.3 

3L9 
11.9 
68.0 
25.0 

64.2 
67.8 
72.6 
64.8 
39.0 
48.6 
20.0 
64.7 


+28,766 
-262,878 

+77,407 
-277,062 

-96,220 
+  168,033 
+174,283 
+160,824 
+295,022 

-13,387 
—109,041 
+118,621 
-432,807 

+42,248 
-272, 162 
-184,624 
-242,415 
+  192,411 

-457,773 
-384,788 
-201,843 
-132,617 

+  162  358 

-3,028 

+981,604 

+503,639 

+144, 
+157,900 

+64,972 
+340,446 

+84,010 

+57,375 
-1,259 

+20,943 


60.8  +552,301 
59.4  +261,000 
48.8    +762,625 


POPULATION    BORN  IN  AND   LIVING   IN   THE    UNITED    STATES'  AND  WITH 
STATE   OF  BIETH  REPORTED:  1900 


Bom  in  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


65,402,767 


777,067 
367,094 
416,672 
1,842,703 
275, 119 
659,629 

6,123,807 
1,296,047 
6,758,263 

4,304,002 
2,517,668 
3,906,494 
1,744,352 
1,687,940 

1,062,813 
1,872,717 
2,660,208 
132,804 
203,661 
606,342 
020,124 

185,064 
1,199,265 

164,848 
2,287,871 

887,896 
2,133,653 
1,612,864 
2, 420, 707 

379,417 

2,427,381 
2,300,392 
1,975,215 
1,622,178 

I  1,078,631 

1,301,714 

240,742 

2,239,298 

76,743 
60,496 
30,167 
193,907 
162,967 
59,310 
220,420 
31,848 

159,918 
208,011 
731,348 


Living  in  other 


Number. 


13,501,045 


216,551 
124,048 
168,642 
299,614 
61,358 
142,254 

1,280,866 
231,648 
037,463 

1,114,166 
641,280 

1,012,637 
288,737 
383,022 

168,704 
654,340 
614,957 
24,164 
43,341 
145,280 
288,803 

66,61B 
242,638 

34,953 
687,418 
122,330 
329,625 
233,292 
410,299 

36,690 

542,043 
666,406 
397,845 
296,181 

223,868 
132,405 
31,678 
207,723 

14,044 
12,074 
10,660 
42,226 
19,751 
6,530 
38,634 
13,911 


Per 

cent 


27.9 
33.8 
40.4 
16.3 
22.3 
21.6 

21.1 
17.9 
16.3 

25.9 
25.5 
25.9 
16.6 
22.7 

16.9 
29.6 
23.2 
18.2 
21.3 
24.0 
31.6 

30.0 
20.2 
22.6 
26.7 
13.8 
15.4 
15.4 
16.9 
9.6 

22.3 

24.6 
20.1 
18.3 


Bom  in 

and 
living  in 

the 

specified 

state. 


51,901,722 


65,402,767 


560,606 
243,046 
248,130 
1,543,089 
213, 761 
517,375 

4,833,941 
1,064,399 
4,820,800 

3,189,837 
1,876,388 
2,893,857 
1,455,615 
1,304,918 

894,019 
1,318,377 
2,035,251 
108,730 
160,220 
461,062 
630,321 

129,546 

956,617 

119,895 

1,700,453 

765,566 

1,804,028 

1,279,672 

2,010,408 

342,818 

1,885,338 
1,733,987 
1,577,370 
1,325,997 


20.9       849,763   1,293- 
10.2   1,169,309   1,326, 


Living  In  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


597,594 
320, 


295 

1,944- 

292, 


6,337 
1,447, 
6,304, 

3,687, 
2,368, 
3,837, 
1,863, 
1,647, 

1,239, 

1,918, 

2,879; 

204, 

311; 

885; 
1,338; 

170, 
1,091 

258, 
1,832, 

933 

1,887; 

1,334 

2,200, 

602, 

2,092, 
1,999, 
1,811 
1,641 


13.2 
9.3 

18.3 
20.0 
35.3 
21.8 
12.1 
11.0 
17.5 
43.7 


26,983  16.9 
43,580  21.0 
70,068 


209,064 
2,031,575 

62,699 
48,422 
19,507 
151,681 
143,216 
52,780 
181,886 
17,937 

132,935 
164,431 
661,280 


765; 

2,859; 

174, 
136, 

74; 

442; 

181; 

97; 

222, 
31 


345 

1,105; 


Bom  In  other 
states. 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


13,501,045 


37,088 
77,823 
47,729 

401,127 
78,895 

160,940 

503,932 
382,867 
484,028 


6.2 
24.3 
16.1 
20.6 
27.0 
22.6 

9.4 
26.6 
9.1 


GaiH(+) 
or  loss(— ) 
through 
inter- 
state mi- 
gration. 


-179,463 
-46,225 
-120,813 
+101,513 
+17,5.-*7 
+8,686 

-785,934 
+151,219 
-453,435 


497,680  13.5  -616,486 

492,471  20.8  -148,809 

943,904  24.6  -68,733 

407,664  21.  oj  +118,817 

242,783  16.7  -140,239 


346,001 
600,353 
844,256 
95,788 
160,945 
424,616 
708,336 


27.8 
31.3 
29.3 
46.8; 


+176,207 
+46,013 

+229,299 
+71,024 


48.5  +107,  e04 
47.9  +279,336 
52.9   +418,533 


40,935  24.0 
135,137  12.4 
138,172  53.5 
132,162  7.2 
168,102  18.0 
83,371  4.4| 
64,518  4.1 
189,887;  8.6 
159,830  31.8 


-14,583 
-107,501 
+103,219 
-465,266 

+45, 772 
-246,254 
-178, 774 
-220,412 
+123, 231 


207,430  9.9  -334,604 

265,370  13.3  -301,036 

233,744  12.0  -164,101 

215,289  14.0  -80,802 


443,540  34.3 

166,910  11.8 

72.7 

29.0 


303 

219J 

867   656,803 

430   827,855 


111,617 
88,122 
65,243 

291, 196 
37,804 
45,169 
40,146 
14,044 

265,607 
181,089 
443,828 


64.0 
64.5 
73.9 
65.8 
20.9 
46.1 
18.1 
43.9 


+219,672 

+24,505 

+625,126 

+620,132 

+97,673 
+76,048 
+44,583 
+248,970 
+  18,053 
+38,639 
+1,612 
+133 


66.6  +238,624 
52.4  +137,509 
40.2   +373,760 


>  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


180 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION  BORN  IN  EACH  STATE,  WITH  NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE  LIVING  IN  OTHER 
STATES,  AND  WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION  LIVING  IN  EACH  STATE,  WITH  NUMBER  AND  PERCENTAGE 
BORN  IN  OTHER  STATES:  1910. 


Table  15 


TTnited  States . . 

if  EW  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jwsey 

Pennsylvania... 
E.  North  CENTK.iL: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota... 

South  Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. . . 

North  Carolina.. 

South  Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

CaUfomia 


WHITE  PERSONS  BORN  IN  AND  LIVING  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  >  AND  WITH 
STATE  OF  BIRTH  REPORTED. 


Born  in  the  specified 
stat«. 


Total, 


68,070,894 


15,884,203 


789,434 
374,992 
406,871 
2,198,323 
334, 490 
763,266 

6,896,408 
1,569,239 
6,658,068 

4,636,712 
2,770,353 
4,665,846 
2,149,417 
2,065,339 

1,433,733 

2,209,192 

2,991,932 

239, 110 

288,453 

832,777 

1,214,987 

165,143 
1,034,596 

133,056 
1,587,404 
1,082,284 
1,655,835 

735,470 
1,579,236 

300,195 

2,380,524 

2,026,788 

1,344,469 

880,060 

1,062,034 
871,768 
507,652 

2,468,356 

121,383 
118,618 

48,374 
317,945 
197,037 

66,295 
302,021 

34,852 

305,022 

287,645 
967,300 


Living  in  other 
states. 


Number. 


212,251 
126,609 
156,838 
352, 104 
71,643 
163,630 

1,304,893 

262,143 

1,104,976 

1,148,992 
764,460 

1,295,278 
403,666 
517,556 

322,375 

798,185 
879, 112 
46,668 
78,975 
241,509 
415,583 

50,680 
209,854 

34,213 
368,233 
178,399 
237,229 
125,793 
312,219 

35,740 

582,790 
646,886 
327.202 
217,163 

302,387 
109,389 
104.647 
340,933 

31,476 
31,501 
18,167 
87,681 
32,770 
15,816 
61,442 
18,057 

54,050 
67,573 
94,467 


Per 
cent. 


26.9 
33.8 
38.5 
16.0 
21.4 
21.4 

18.9 
16.7 
16.6 

24.8 
27.6 
27.8 
18.8 
25.1 

22.5 
36.1 
29.4 
19.5 
27.4 
29.0 
34.2 

30.7 
20.3 
25.7 
23.2 
16.5 
14.3 
17.1 
19.8 
11.9 

24.6 
27.0 
24.3 
24.7 

28.5 
12.6 
20.6 
13.8 

26.9 
26.6 
37.6 
27.6 
16.6 
23.9 
20.3 
51.8 

17.7 
23.5 
9.8 


Born  in 

and 
living  in 

the 

specified 

state. 


52,806,091 


68,070,294 


577, 183 
248,383 
250,033 
1,846,219 
262,847 
599,636 

5,591,515 
1,307,096 
5,553,092 

3,487,720 
2,005,893 
3,370,568 
1,745,751 
1,547,783 

1,111,358 
1,411,007 
2, 112, 820 
192, 442 
209,478 
591,268 
799,404 

114,463 

824,742 

98,843 

1,219,171 

903.885 
1,418,606 

609,677 
1,267,017 

264,455 

1,797,734 

1,479,902 

1,017,267 

662,897 

759,647 

762,369 

403,005 

2,127,423 

89,907 
87,117 
30,207 
230,264 
164,267 
60,479 
240,679 
16,796 

260,972 
220,072 
872,833 


Living  in  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


Bom  in  other 
states. 


Number. 


15,264,203 


626,824 
330,644 
301,082| 
2,262,899 
352,889 
766,819 

6,207,015 
1,781,082 
6,014,940 

4,044,406 
2,472,618 
4,296,965 
2,175,508 
1,802,096 

1,507,839 

1,926,282 

2,890,027 

408,237 

460,579 

998,757 

1,491,029 

153,347 

956,638 

210, 295 

1,361,422 

1,097,206 

1,493,679 

672,655 

1,412, 

407,958 

1,985,732 

1,688,549 

1,208,219 

775, 176 

1,109,436 

884,532 

1,397,343 

2,953.269 

264,861 
276,160 
112,369 
651,149 
280,602 
122,883 
299,582 
65,602 

853,494 

547,322 

1,719,712 


49,641 
82,261 
51,049 

416,680 
90,042 

167, 183 

615,500 
473,986 
461,848 

556,686 
466,725 
926,397 
429,757 
254,313 

396,481 
515,275 
777,207 
215, 795 
251, 101 
407,489 
691,625 

38,884 
131,896 
111,462 
142, 251 
193,320 
75,073 
62,878 
145,649 
143,503 

187,998 
208,647 
190,952 
112,279 

349, 789 
122,163 
994,338 

825,846 

174,954 
189,043 
82,162 
420,885 
116,335 
72,404 
59,003 
38,807 

602,522 
327,250 
846,879 


Per 
cent. 


22.4 


7.9 
24.9 
17.0 
18.4 
25.6 
21.8 


26.6 

7.7 

13.8 
18.9 
21.6 
19.8 
14.1 

26.3 
26.7 
26.9 
52.9 
54.5 
40.8 
46.4 

25.4 
13.8 
53.0 
10.4 
17.6 
5.0 
9.3 
10.3 
35.2 

9.6 
12.4 
15.8 
14.5 

31.5 
13, 
71.2 
28.0 

66.1 
68.6 
73.1 
64.6 
41.5 
58.9 
19.7 


70.6 
59.8 
49.2 


Gam(+) 
or  loss 

(-) 
through 
inter- 
state 
migra- 
tion. 


-162,610 
-44,348 

-105,789 
+64,676 
-f- 18, 399 
+3,553 

-689, 3te 
+211,843 
-643,128 

-592,306 
-297,735 
-368,881 
+26,091 
-263,243 

+74, 106 
-282,910 
-101,905 
+  169,127 
+  172,126 
+  165,980 
+276,042 

-11,796 
-77,958 
+77, 239 

-225, 
+14,921 

-162,156 
-62,915 

-166,570 

+107,763 

-394,792 
-338,239 
-136,250 
-104,884 

+47,402 
+12,774 
+889,691 
+484,913 

+143,478 
+157,542 

+63,996 
+333,204 

+83,565 

+56,588 
-2,439 

+20,760 

+648,472 
+259,677 
+752,412 


NEGRO  PERSONS  BORN  IN  AND  LIVING  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  1  AND 
WITH  STATE  OF  BIRTH  REPORTED. 


Born  in  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


9,746,043 


1,585 
506 

1,045 
19,078 

5,401 
10,184 

61,680 
45,312 
105,263 

76,044 
34,794 
48,564 
11,576 
2,248 

2,738 

8,736 

149,218 

297 

496 

2,846 

33,786 

32,664 
262,540 

52,282 
876,806 

36,417 
806,537 
956,605 
1,248,352 
215, 110 

323,794 

517,072 

9n,167 

1,032,565 

334,589 
726,4% 
51,334 
664,823 


314 
3,513 
941 
538 
527 
376 


Living  in  other 
states. 


Number 


1,616,608 


783 

272 

608 

4,125 

1,317 

2,888 

11,830 
8,295 
20,293 

16,850 
9,570 

12,647 
3,384 
1,077 

1,182 

3,483 

39,269 

195 

356 

1,189 

10,852 

9,996 
60,946 
11,823 
253,334 
9,25' 
143, 143 
135,647 
151,095 
16,614 

90,340 
123,899 
131.346 
132,876 

38,549 

83,763 

6,358 

62,062 


161 
1,357 
531 
251 
365 
332 


1,546         1,012 

398  204 

6,318         1,258 


Per 
cent. 


16.6 


49.4 
63.8 
58.2 
21.6 
24.4 
28.4 

19.2 
18.3 
19.3 

22.2 
27.5 
20.0 
29.2 
47.9 

43.2 

39.9 

26.3 

65. 

71.9 

41.8 

32.1 

30.6 
23.2 
22.6 
28.9 
25.4 
17.7 
14.2 
12.1 
7.7 

27.9 
24.0 
13.5 
12.9 


Bom  in 

and 
living  in 

the 

specified 

state. 


8,129,435 


9,746,043 


802 
234 
437 

14,953 
4, 

'7,296 

49,750 
37,017 
84,960 

59,194 

25,224 

35, 917 

8,192 

1,171 

1,556 

6,253 

109,949 

102 

139 

1,657 

22,934 

22,668 
201,694 

40,459 
623,472 

27,160 

663,394 

821,058 

1,097,257 

198,496 

233,454 
393, 173 
839.821 


11.5  296,040 

11.5  642,733 

10.4  45,976 

9.3  602,761 


49.0 

85.3 

51.3 

38.6 

56.4 

46. 

69.3 

SS.3 

66.6 
51.3 
19.9 


Living  in  the  specified 
state. 


Total. 


339 
69 
163 
2,156 
410 
287 
1621 
44 

534 

194 

5,060 


1,112 
515 

1,546 
31,641 

8,597 
14,698 

120,029 
87,762 
190,738 

109,643 
59,812 

106, 141 
14,516 
2,763 

6,688 

14,702 

155,248 

592 

782 

7,397 

53,204 

31,067 
231,363 

93,517 
670,042 

63,733 

69»,786 

836,126 

1,173,078 

299,774 

260,916 

470,878 

905,802 

1,006,126 

440,105 
710, 755 
136,396 
684,644 

1,706 
60S 
2,146 
11,096 
1,577 
1,945 
1,009 
4S4 

5,591 

1,387 

20,260 


Bom  in  other 
states. 


Number 


1,616,608 


310 

281 

1,109 

16,688 

4,513 

7,402 

70,279 
50,746 
105,778 

50,449 

34,588 

70,224 

6,324 

1,592 

5,132 

9,449 

45,299 

490 

643 

5,740 

30,270 

8,399 
29,769 
53,058 
46,570 
36,573 
33,392 
14,068 
75,821 
101,278 

27,462 

77,705 
66,981 
106,436 

144,066 
68,022 
90,420 
81,883 

1,367 

639 

1,993 

8,940 

1,167 

1,658 

847 

440 

5,057 
1,193 
16,200 


Per 
cent. 


27.9 
64.6 
7L7 
62.7 
52.5 
50.4 

58.6 
57.8 
55.5 

46.0 
67.8 
66.2 
43.6 
57.6 

76.7 
64.3 
29.2 
82.8 
82.2 
77.6 
56.9 

27.0 
12.9 
66.7 
7.0 
57.4 
4.8 
1.7 
6.5 
33 

10.6 
16.5 
7.3 
10.6 

32.7 
9.6 
66.3 
12.0 

80.1 
88.7 
92.9 
80.6 
74.0 
85.2 
83.9 
90.9 

90.4 

86.0 
75.0 


Gain(+) 
or  loss 

through 
inter- 
state 

migra- 
tion. 


-473 

+9 

+501 

+  12,563 

+3,196 

+4,514 

+68,449 
+42,450 

+85,485 

+33,599 
+25,018 

+57,577 

+2,940 

+515 

+3,950 

+5,96(i 

+6,030 

+295 

+287 

+4,651 

+19,418 

-1,597 
-31,177 
+41,235 
-206,764 
+27,316 
-109,751 
-121,479 
-75,274 
+84,664 

-62,878 
-46,194 
-65,365 
-26,439 

+105,516 
-15,741 
+86,062 
+19.821 

+  1,041 
+140 

+1,832 

+7,583 
+636 

+1,407 
+482 
+108 

+4,045 

+989 

+13,942 


>  Exclusive  of  outlying  possessions. 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION 


181 


NATIVE   POPULATION  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES,    BY  DIVISIONS  AND   STATES,  CLASSIFIED   ACCORDING   TO 

DIVISION  AND  STATE  IN  WHICH  BORN:  1910. 


Table  16 


DIVISION  OR  STATE  OF 
RESIDENCE. 


United  States. . . 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  .\tlantic 

East  North  Central. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

('omiectlcut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebi'aska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total 

native 

bom: 

1910 


78,456,380 


4,727,571 
14,464,719 
15,176,855 
10,021,226 
11,894,901 
8,322,076 
8,432,342 
2, 180, 195 
3,236,495 


631,809 
333,906 
306,035 
2,307,17li 
363,4691 
785, 182; 

6,365,608j 
1,876,379| 
0,222,737] 

4,168,747 
2,541,213 
4,433,277 
2,212,023 
1,820,9M 

1,532,113 
1,951,006 
3,063,856 
420,402 
483,096 
1,015,562 
1,555,4991 

184,830 
1.190,4021 

306,167 
2,034,5>5 
1,163,901 
2, 200, 196 
1,509,221 
2,593,644 

711,986 

i 

2,249,743 
2, 166, 182 
2,118,8071 
1,787,344 

1,557,408 
1.603,6221 
1,616,713 
3,654,604! 

281, 340: 
283,016 
116,945 
669,437 
304,155 
155,589; 
307,529! 
62, 184; 

885, 7«i 

559,629! 

1,791,117 


population  born  in- 


United 
States. 


78,381,104 


4,713,412 
14,449,409 
15,161,277 
10,014,417 
11,892,399 
8,321,346 
8,429,177 
2,176,066 
3,223,601 


630,036 
332,296 
303,826 
2,300,413 
'362,757 
784,081 

G,  356,3761 
1,874,577 
6,219,456 

4,166,373 
2,540,456 
4,429,948 
2,204,978 
1,819,522 

1,530,532 
1,949,754 
3,062,454 
419,744 
482,617 
1,014,745 
1,554,671 

184,764 
1,189,881 

305,742] 
2,034,169 
1,163,706 
2,200,055 
1,509,132 
2,593,323 

711.627 

2,249,528 
2,165,940 
2,118,636 
1,787,242 

1,557,206 
1,603,041 
1,616,206 
3,652,722 

280,585 
282,425 
116,751 
668,534 
303.817 
155,005 
306,928 
62,021 

882,241 
558,360 

1,782,991 


Geographic  division. 


New 
Eng- 
land. 


Middle 
Atlantic. 


4,907,21515,342,852 


4,338,452 

219,782 

97,614 

73,396 

29,806 

5,406 

11,368 

31,132 

100,257 


614,579 
317,369 
275,058 
2,133,335 
332,191 
665,920 

154,921 
36,003 
28,868 

17,739 
5,741 
37,633 
19,670 
16,931 

23,251 
14,623 
10,310 
3,569 
4,361 
8,058 
9,334 

1,073 
4.937 
7,346 
3,969 
1,258 
1,737 
1,033 
2,841 
5,614 

1,327 

1,970 

1,335 

574 

1,271 
1,599 
3,018 
5,480 

6,012 
3,269 
2,110 
12, 772 
1,246 
1,98 
1,92 
.^1,800 

22,979 
9,962 
67,316 


East 

North 

Central. 


S        South 


16,479,755   »,  449, 180 12, 770, 824   9,481,023 


East 

South 

Central. 


252,017  38,219 
13,461,446  215,559 
658,09913,402,685 
338,310  1,420,484 
200,437:      114,566 

27,568 

61,474 
110,724 
232,777 


134,358 
313,673 
293,310 
546,899 


7,005 
9,183 
22,046 
101,860 
18,648 
93,275 

6,911,363 
1,730,410 
5,819,673 

209,063 
53,704 
180,850 
1.53,870 
59,692 

53,766 
79,401 
59,629 
13,449 
17,673 
47,209 
67,203 

21,159 
53,646 
26,702 
23,460 
43,066 
5,966 
2,789 
8,441 
13, 178 

9,166 
9,475 
6,357 
2,570 

7,231 
6,655 
24,503 
23,085 

17,866 
11,44' 
8,055 
50,339 
5,292 
6,324 
6,960 
4,411 

60,709 
30,888 
141, 180 


2,610 
1,952 
2,204 
21,124 
3,072 
7,257 

96,261 
20,169 
99,129 

3,684,3« 
2,296,222 
3,785,932 
1,976,061 
1,060,128 

199,064 
286,047 
337,038 
09,498 
86,130 
161,283 
281,424 

1,140 
8,933 
12,317 
12,457 
51,841 
3,542 
1,467 
8,216 
14.655 

81,926 
29,418 
14,507 
8,507 

64,668 
13,070 
157,663 
78.272 

54,938 
41, 133 
18, 979 

124, 890 
18,072 
14,057 
13,402 

■  7,836 

193, 141 
96,802 
256,956 


13,664  40,741 

50,210  393,230 

337,230:  203,063 

7,606,995  122,027 

23,632  n,  292, 714 

29,333'  329,06: 

497,6041  275,645 

383,584  44,874 

504,928  69,463 


1,472 

857 

1,127 

7,064 

gofi 
2,126 

25,680 
6,643 
18,887 

29,141 
30,955 
190,546 
23,752 
62,836 

1,227,121 

1,617,862 

2,366,528 

319,883 

360,160 

766,729 

1,061,712 

395 
2,962 
4,207 
4,172 
2,773 
1,371 

556 
2,957 
4,239 

10,241 
10,619 
4,144 
4,329 

69,155 

9,980 

326,989 

91,480 

69,422 
58,419 
33,619 
165,600 
24,039 
12,263 
13,623 
6,599 

196,425 
103,534 
202,969 


1,491 

925 

982 

22,069 

5,283 

10,001 

106,686 
67,401 
210, 143 

106,584 
32,051 
.51,057 
8,952 
4,419 

6,266 
17,764 
51,124 
3,304 
3,322 
12,135 
28,122 

160,133 
1,112,457 

245,565 
1,958.809 
1,037,326 
2,172,504 
1,495,677 
2,493,462 

616, 781 

36,254 
95,981 
148,212 
48,620 

65,453 
27,476 
52,094 
130,622 

5,419 
6,307 
3,027 
16,800 
5,172 
3,732 
3,114 
1,303 


5,428 
29,992 
339,296 
236,667 
182,899 
,692,342 
859,852 
57,317 
77,230 


421 
229 
516 
2,811 
531 
920 

16,214 
3,855 
10,923 

95,504 

105,701 

125,716 

7,851 

4,524 

5,496 
13,656 
163, 191 
1, 
2,430 
9,954 
50,115 

201 

2,750 
4,63' 
23,827 
22,330 
11,349 
5,342 
63,949 
48,424 

2,101,159 
1,991,097 
1,928,437 
1,671,649 

211,402 

89,467 

167,345 

391,638 

5,687 
5,465 
2,836 
20,230 
13,275 
5,428 
3,056 
1,340 


23,108        21,415 

10,577         12,098 
33,778         43,717 


West 

South 

Central. 


Moun- 
tain. 


Pacific. 


State 

not 

specified. 


6, 758, 4081, 289, 296  1, 616, 8M 


4,164 
14,777 
32,229 
105,493 
17,386 
81,925 
6,347,452 
87,482 
67,500 


233 
178 
203 
2,422 
406 
720 

9,007 
2,009 
3,761 

5,662 
4,656 
18,108 
2,368 
1,435 

1,948 

4, 

55,730 

812 

1,458 

4,920 
35,999 

81 
1,162 
1,812 
1,837 

916 
1,375 

896 
5,148 
4,159 

5,400 
19,587 
11,106 
45,823 

1,128,312 

1,446,748 

866,750 

2,903,642 

3,626 
5,268 
2,640 
16,584 
43, 129; 
13,336 
1,387 
1.312 

15,186 
10,311 
42,003 


3,940j 
11, 997  j 
17,919 
38,351 
3,879 
2,375 
17,378! 
101,006 


92,4511,501,287 


5,463 
13,392 
15,195 
17,744 
4,335 
1,728 
8,535 
49, 187 


344 
228 
271 
1,938 
338 
821 

6,117 
1,946 
3,934 

2,820 
2,299 
7,728 
2,627 
2,445 

3,931 

4,721 

7,617 

1,639 

3,34' 

S,012j 

9,084 

65 
559 
621 
SOO 
501 
255 
180 
516 
382 

696 
S54 
540 
285 

1,548 

599 

6,810 

8,421 

108,402 
130, 136 

43,594 
252,319 
191,282 

S9, 425 
257,387 

28,461 

27,933 
17,674 
46,844 


593 
270 
238 
3,291 
357 
714 

8,430 
1,803 
3,159 

2,568 
1,436 
6,357 
2,260 
2,574 

2,680 
2,679 
4,596 
873 
1,006 
2,307 
3,603 

79 
733 
767 
698 
971 
232 

84 
364 
407 

524 
645 
309 
260 

975 

651 

2,884 

4,025 

5,725 
18,844 
1,191 
4,246 
1,196 
7,096 
2,623 
8,266 

310,024 
260,794 
930,469 


285,685 


11,324 
39,024 
57,947 
32,950 
22,741 
17,244 
36,196 
17,450 
30,809 


1,291 
1,105 
1,181 
4,489 
931 
2,327 

21,697 
5,338 
11,989 

12,030 
7,691 

26,121 
7,567 
4,538 

7,019 
8,396 
16,791 
4,901 
2,730 
5,138 
7,976 

348 
1,743 
1,768 
2,131 
2,704 
1,722 
1,108 
7,429 
3,788 

2, 
6,294 
3,689 
4,636 

7,193 
6,796 
8,150 
14,057 

3, 
2, 137! 

700 
4,764 
1,114J 
1,357 
3,219 

681 


11,321 
3,729 
15,759 


1  Includes  also  persons  bom  at  sea  under  United  States  flag  and  American  citiisens  bom  abroad. 


182 


ABSTRACT  OF  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


NATIVE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,   BY   DIVISIONS  AND  STATES,   CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO 

DIVISION  AND  STATE  IN  WHICH  BORN:  1910--Contiiiued. 


Table  16— Continued. 


DIVISION   OE   STATE  OF 
RESIDENCE. 


tTnlted  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central. . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Peimsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma , 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


population  born  in- 


New  England  division. 


Maine. 


791, 827 


700,758 
17, 761 
13,650 
16,461 
4,867 
811 
2,336 
7,675 
27,508 


678, 739 
15,992 
2,442 
94,515 
4,778 
4,292 

11,188 
3,297 
3,276 

1,675 
686 
4,615 
2,913 
3,861 

8,024 
2,142 
1,403 
1,036 
947 
1,318 
1,591 

136 
979 

1,101 
605 
248 
268 
126 
388 

1,017 

163 
317 
213 
118 

209 

234 

642 

1,251 

1,908 
1,048 
414 
2,610 
301 
477 
394 
523 

8,050 
2,911 
16,547 


New 
Hamp- 
shire. 


375,522 


340,038 
9,227 
7,0% 
6,364 
2,061 
393 
926 
2,358 
7,059 


10,621 

248,629 

9,794 

64,503 
3,261 
3,230 

6,198 
1,620 
1,409 

1,127 
443 
2,895 
1,377 
1,254 

1,927 
1,536 
759 
275 
384 
690 
794 


199 
568 
268 
100 
141 
74 
179 
463 

73 
164 
108 


110 

68 

275 

473 

434 
233 
207 
947 
157 
126 
138 
116 

1,593 

787 

4.079 


Ver- 
mont. 


407,940 

322, 744 

28,466 

18,765 

16,343 

2,524 

543 

1,668 

4,870 

12, 027 


2, 218, 157 


2,569 
19,663 
250,480 
41,439 
3,032 
5,561 

24,013 
2,043 
2,410 

2,394 
840 
0,433 
4,334 
4,754 

4,467 
4,237 
1,474 
780 
1,205 
1,909 
2,271 

77 
316 
682 
276 
157 
203 

82 
241 
490 

126 

239 

117 

62 

212 
147 
633 
676 

975 
550 
366 
2,024 
188 
273 
285 
209 

2,939 
1,556 
7,632 


Massa- 
chusetts. 


19,899 
30,090 
10,389 
1,861,820 
40,330 
36,801 

60,900 
16,149 
13,102 

7,614 
2,402 
16,280 
6,889 
4,651 

6,234 
4,112 
4,629 
991 
1,196 
2,497 
2,988 

405 
2,197 
3,264 
1,754 

524 


1,266 
2,061 

811 
780 
564 
220 

475 

846 

909 

2,055 

1,905 
1,034 
801 
4,828 
407 
793 
787 
719 

7,511 
3,218 
28,115 


Rhode 
Island. 


340,098 


773,671 


311,786 

13,663 

3,900 

2,476 

2,173 

335 

552 

1,142 

4,071 


663,797 
61,514 
16,377 
9,206 
6,656 
959 
1,602 
3,813 
10,748 


1,251 

1,358 

546 

32,653 

267, 116 

8,962 

8,740 
2,614 
2,309 

788 
290 
1,009 
661 
552 

618 


141 
329 
306 

73 
353 
506 
298 

68 
134 
186 
231 
324 

96 
128 


70 
126 
276 

197 
99 
94 

508 
43 
67 
78 
66 

707 

364 

3,010 


Con- 
necti- 
cut. 


1,600 
1,637 
1,407 
38,506 
13,674 
607,074 

43,882 
11,280 
6,352 

4,141 
1,080 
5,801 
3,496 
1,869 

1,981 
1,998 
1,661 
378 
488 
1,316 
1,384 

314 
893 

1,235 
768 
161 
323 
157 
646 

1,259 

269 
342 
267 
101 

186 
235 
433 
749 

593 

305 
228 
1,855 
150 
251 
246 
186 

2,179 
1,136 
7,433 


Middle  Atlantic  division. 


New 
York. 


6,964,461 


196,278 
6,014,659 

326, 116 

159, 935 
51,334 
11,637 
26,505 
52,284 

127, 813 


1,614,674 

22. 778 
1,509,815 

26. 779 
14,423 
16, 808 

1,530 
3,228 
6,301 
14,012 


4,583 
7,490 
20,699 
77,522 
12,376 
72,709 

5,647,063 
252, 769 
114,827 

57,368 
16, 771 
92,300 
116,847 
41,830 

36,460 
36,143 
26, 173 
7,554 
10,160 
21,019 
23,426 

2,660 
9,617 
11,536 
8,850 
3,501 
2,315 
1,365 
4,433 
7,257 

3,614 
4,181 
2,509 
1,233 

3,096 
3,830 
8,392 
11, 187 

8,464 
5,237 
3,640 
23,802 
2,381 
3,082 
3,385 
2,293 

31,706 
16, 115 
79,992 


New 
Jersey. 


6,763,717 


33,961 
5, 936, 972 
306,204 
163, 952 
133,295 
14,501 
31,741 
52, 139 
90,952 


•  695 
647 
460 
8,677 
2,335 
9,974 

99,068 

1,344,104 

66,583 

6,740 
2,933 
10,434 
4,525 
2,147 

2,025 
3,183 
3,107 
466 
646 
2,231 
2,765 

2,825 

3,491 

2,653 

2,803 

841 

590 

299 

889 

1,417 

632 
535 

328 
135 

371 

411 

976 

1,470 

996 
510 
422 
2,941 
271 
424 
442 
295 

2,707 
1,421 


Pennsyl- 
vania. 


1,727 

1,046 

997 

15,661 
3,938 

10,692 

166,232 

133, 477 

5,638,263 

145,875 
34,000 
78,116 
32,498 
15,715 

16,271 
40,165 
30, 249 
6,429 
6,867 
23,969 
41,012 

16,774 
40,637 
12,513 
13,816 
38,744 
3,063 
1,125 
3,119 
4,504 

6,020 
4,759 
3,520 
1,202 

3,764 
2,414 
16,135 
10,428 

8,406 
5,700 
3,993 
23,596 
2,640 
2,818 
3,163 
1,823 

26,296 
13,352 
51,304 


4,713,009 

10,686 

110, 773 

3,954,072 

264,974 

71, 981 

65,857 

62,561 

63,108 

119,007 


East  North  Central  division. 


Ohio. 


2,805,516 

3,069 
19,649 
2,296,813 
225,460 
13,421 
43,762 
78,462 
44,942 
79,938 


704. 

424 

505 
6,787 

954 
2,312 

34,913 

7,946 

67,916 

3,646,991 

157,119 

122,391 

109,932 

17,639 

18,226 
61,851 
64,616 
6,499 
8,682 
31,204 
73,896 

426 
4,151 
5,093 
5,438 
46,814 
1,393 

542 
3,222 
4,903 

38,867 

10,229 

4,955 

1,816 

9,832 
3,276 
33,094 
16,349 

8,450 
7,039 
4,323 
30,573 
4,087 
3,549 
3,169 
1,918 

32,849 
20,030 
66,128 


Indiana. 


4,714,723 


244 
126 
135 
1,612 
280 
673 

8,610 
2,261 
8,778 

66,794 

2,031,345 

143,188 

45,597 

9,889 

11,681 
37,852 
64,237 
9,416 
7,498 
26,483 
69,293 

169 
1,255 
2,059 
1,697 
2,560 
818 
261 
1,752 
2,870 

•30,830 
7,812 
2,974 
2,146 

16,831 
2,613 
41,249 
17,769 

6,208 
5,646 
3,047 
21,219 
3,564 
2,289 
2,029 
1,041 

23,773 
14,877 
41,288 


Illinois. 


10, 786 
41,463 
3,692,391 
614,506 
15, 036 
26,246 
144,086 
104, 813 
166,390 


Michi- 


2,168,645 


9,027 

30,679 

1,896,829 

77, 362 

9,153 

6,117 

16,486 

36,569 

87,523 


559 
613 
608 

6,253 
763 

2,100 

23,636 
6,702 
12,126 

25,753 
80,527 
3,406,638 
33,366 
46,107 

46,192 
138,310 
186,691 
16,903 
32,360 
77,709 
116,341 

275 
1,792 
2,774 
2,167 
1,420 
660 
339 
1,866 
3,744 

10,188 
7,726 
4,129 
3,203 

33,682 

4,727 

71,085 

34,592 

14,527 
13, 172 
7,331 
49,964 
7,607 
4,700 
5,024 
2,488 

51,163 
27,942 
87,291 


644 
698 
446 

5,230 
701 

1,408 

20,804 
2,777 
6,998 

38,921 
22,366 
46,419 
1,761,085 
28,038 

26,217 
9,511 

10, 124 
6,677 
6,380 
8,243 

10,210 

210 

1,129 

1,449 

1,784 

760 

469 

218 

972 

2,162 

1,328 

2,494 

1,388 

907 

2,592 
1,558 
6,115 
5,221 

10,825 
6,126 
1,751 

11,049 
1,685 
2,100 
1,760 
1,273 

38,089 
15,198 
34,236 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


183 


NATIVE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO 

DIVISION  AND  STATE  IN  WHICH  BORN:  1910— Continued. 


Table  16— Contd. 


DIVISION   OR   STATE    OF 
RESIDENCE. 


XTnlted  States... 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

E.  North  Central... 
W.  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

E.  South  Central... 
W.  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Peimsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  .\tlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky , 

Tennessee 

Alabama , 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas , 

Louisiana , 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific; 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1,446,106 


population  born  in- 


West  North  Central  division. 


Minne- 
sota. 


2,218,420 


3,650 
7,041 

52,494 

1,247,409 

2,912 

2,034 

7,388 

35,109 


658 
232 
219 
1,875 
257 
409 

4,388 

775 

1,878 

2,538 
1,854 

12,753 
4,594 

30,755 

1,121,376 

16,669 

4,207 

68,972 

27,143 

5,312 

3,730 

40 
303 
603 
645 
175 
100 

75 
355 
526 

312 

677 
441 
604 


686 
3,553 
2,443 

17,403 

7,859 

1,239 

5,785 

521 

802 

944 

556 

52,198 
16,499 
19,372 


Iowa. 


3,141,883  245,810 


3,269 

11,628 

95,656 

805,901 

5,444 

4,028 

60,068 

101,362 

131,064 


2,982 

18,162 

115,335 

2,453,938 

8,490 

17,948 

281,391 

111,730 

131,907 


247 
237 
324 
1,672 
207 
582 

6,126 
1,342 
4,160 

7,704 
7,246 

57,948 
6,446 

16,312 

67,100 
416,584 
56,893 
30,553 
75,815 
94,623 
64,333 

104 

634 
1,098 
850 
606 
235 
104 
771 
1,042 


1,405 
857 
830 

5,286 

1,711 

41,186 

11,885 

17,455 
16,168 
10,651 
44,276 
4,184 
2,417 
4,303 
1, 

47,862 
28,242 
64,960 


Mis- 
souri. 


North 
Dako- 
ta. 


181 
136 
161 
1,762 
236 
619 

8,616 
2,055 
7,691 

9,648 
11,695 
85,161 
4,475 
4,556 

6,485 

39,664 

2,222,925 

4,785 

7,34 

32,929 

139,803 

119 
1,156 
1,387 
1,323 
1,085 
482 
224 
1,131 
1,683 

7,019 
6,690 
1,862 
2,377 

54,046 

6,018 

162,266 

59,061 

15,703 
15,289 
7,295 
50,729 
11,605 
5,206 
3,634 
2,269 

38,665 
25,456 
67,786 


450 

950 

4,979 

216,743 

490 

264 

1,098 

7,145 

13,691 


South 
Dako- 
ta. 


Ne- 
braska. 


305,604  839,783 


1,261,5741 


438  1,225 
1,348  4,233 
8,194^  23,126 
265,289J  686,087 
728       2,087 


105 
48 
44 

160 
30 
64 

518 

96 

334 

432 
429 

1,197 
989 

1,932 

12,960 

1,361 

570 

197,847 

2,966 

526 

493 

36 
69 
72 
143 
38 
26 
18 
33 
57 

108 
90 
49 
17 

110 
62 
448 
478 

4,594 
1,359 
166 
635 
68 
116 
120 
87 


640 
2,713 
9,878 
16,376 


1,120 
22,502 
50,820 
48,583 


60 
42 
73 
167 
36 
71 

706 
164 
479 

502 

406 

2,511 

1,280 

3,495 

11,010 

8,454 
1,449 
12,669 
225,125 
4,940 
1,6«2 

19 
73 
114 
227 
39 
40 
28 
98 
90 

42 
332 
199 

67 

262 

88 

1,513 

850 

3,642 

1,687 

1,501 

2,176 

204 

244 

248 

176 


7,867  8,000 
3,025  3,809 
2, 799   4, 567 


96 
87 
141 
604 
120 
197 

2,276 

449 

1,608 

2,633 
2,471 
11,068 
2,647 
3,607 

6,166 
21,724 
13,733 

3,484 

18,347 

696,651 

28,063 

30 
261 
332 
460 
244 
238 

30 
212 
281 

266 
429 
268 
167 

1,474 

381 

16,844 

3,803 

5,665 
7,351 
8,552 
24,643 
1,176 

722 
2, 

632 

17,647 
12,566 
18,370 


Elansas. 


1,6501 

6,848J 

37,446 

933,628| 

3,481 

3,299 

122,444 

67,540 

75,238 


135 
95 
166 
845 
113 
297 

3,161 

760 

2,937 

6,884 
6,964 
19,008 
3,421 
2,179 

3,006 
13,406 
66,751 
1,673 
3,417 
21,848 
823,628 

48, 
370 
601 
634 
686 
261 

68 
3671 
66ol 

l,558j 
996' 

468| 

277i 

i 

7,17lj 

1,134 

101, 179J 

12,960 

4,970 
8,706 
4,215 
37,356 
6,281 
2,766 
2,286 
971 

24,186: 
15, 937I 
35,115; 


South  Atlantic  division. 


Dela- 
ware. 


197,813 


Mary- 
land. 


1,297,179 


1,432 

38,390 

3,040 

1,690 

149,789 

344 

524 

903 

1,701 


54 
36 
18 
681 
124 
519 

3,048 
8,423 
26,919 


672 
978 
373 
232 

218 
333 
457 
63 
64 
236 
319 

137,131 

0,715 

806 

1,288 

140 

246 

77 

160 

226 

106 
101 
88 
50 

54 

75 

151 

244 

107 
67 
54 

432 
52 
43 
77 
71 

450 

232 

1,019 


106,081 
27,800 
14,667 
1,119,229 
3,787 
6,349 
4,676 
8,770 


433 

174 

129 

3,520 

1,072 

1,492 

17,360 
15,545 
73,176 

11,724 
3,485 
9,640 
1,839 
1,112 

1,312 
2,980 
4,620 
401 
475 
1,743 
3,236 

19,779 
1,026,355 
41,523 
15,289 
11,467 
1, 

650 
1, 
1,142 

1,124 

1,002 

812 

849 

733 
1,333 
1,216 
2,067 

746 
370 
435 
2,001 
286 
337 
292 
210 

2,075 
1,126 
5,569 


Dist. 
Colum- 
bia. 


185, 463  2, 464, 845  1, 118, 754 


2,606 

15,165 

3,752 

2,025 

156,944 

649 

994 

1, 

2,230 


14,671 
132,960 
63,717 
51,076 
2,074,347 
56,959 
39,655 
12,277 
19,183 


111 
77 
78 
1,394 
361 
585 

6,309 
2,589 
6,267 

1,175 
368 

1,664 
368 
177 

313 
211 

777 
38 
74 
208 
404 

294 

10,591 

139,361 

5,149 

502 

273 

116 

418 

251 

178 
228 
163 


137 
208 
217 
432 

133 

106 
95 

420 
81 

108 
90 
55 

462 

216 

1,552 


Vir- 
ginia. 


272 

304 

7,961 

2,076 

3,760 

40,856 
26,177 
65,927 

31,007 
11,736 
17,360 
2,531 
1,083 

1,736 
7,056 

24,629 
1,164 
1,006 
5,085 

10,400 

2,156 

45,816 

52,714 

1,843,162 

83,532 

29,939 

3,422 

8,709 

4,907 

18,641 

23,229 

7,638 

7,551 

6,599 
5,380 
9,860 
17,816 

1,513 

1, 
859 

4,535 

1,288 
934 
821 
344 

6,827 
3,114 
9,242 


West 
Vir- 
ginia. 


2,470,4951,692,548  2,828,309  515,488 


North 
Caro- 
lina. 


South 
Caro- 
lina. 


1,040 
30,311 
65,718 
21,337 
962,282 

9,051 
10,132 

7,740 
11,143 


6,473 
34,747 
20,661 
16, 410 
2,271,118 
53,386 
47,574 
8,021 
12,205 


91 
45 
25 
457 
147 
275 

2,646 

1,000 

26,666 

50,547 

6,194 

7,580 

1,746 

651 

937 
3,654 
6,330 
724 
638 
2,447 
6,607 

187 

12,958 

2,444 

12, 957 

931,077 

903 

254 

492 

1,010 

7,136 

1,185 

488 

242 

1,419 

358 

5,940 

2,415 

961 
1,248 
496 
3,294 
612 
516 
412 
201 

4,455 
1,985 
4,703 


160 
107 
91 

3,832 
541 

1,742 

14,450 
7,720 
12,577 

5,814 

8,183 

6,417 

867 

280 

524 
2,081 
7,258 
669 
400 
1,360 
4,128 

320 

4,257 

4,482 

73,813 

9,174 

2,089,728 

42,749 

28,953 

17,642 

4,994 
29,066 

8,772 
10,664 

15,459 
3, 769 
9,483 

18,863 

1,100 
1,681 
621 
2,746 
768 
461 
588 
156 

5,502 
2,345 
4,358 


2,812 

15,931 

4,971 

3,697 

1,593,500 

30,953 

35,794 

1,935 

2,956 


3,362 

14,316 

10,942 

9,416 

2,483,047 

161,989 

128,925 

7,138 

9,174 


71 
59 
73 
1,624 
361 
634 

10,098 
2,727 
3,106 

1,641 
630 

2,222 
280 
198 

268 
314 
1,540 
101 
412 
275 
797 

106 

1,219 

1,995 

3,735 

656 

42,525 

1,431,028 

72,891 

39,346 

957 
6,314 
14,237 
9,445 

13, 162 
3,703 
4,015 

14, 914 

229 
171 
138 
590 
286 
221 
239 
61 

753 

316 

1,886 


Georgia. 


162 
97 
188 
1,787 
463 
665 

8,692 
2,284 
3,340 

3,154 

1,581 

5,101 

670 

436 

695 
900 

4,989 
97 
192 
584 

1,9 

97 
1,201 
1, 
2, 

610 

6,589 

16,373 

2,364,349 

89,254 

2,832 
33,895 
107,643 
17,619 

27,207 
10,723 
20,485 
70,610 

535 
587 
360 
2,428 
1,644 
943 
474 
167 


2,002 

921 

6,251 


184 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


NATIVE  POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO 

DIVISION  AND  STATE  IN  WHICH  BORN:  1910— Continued. 


Table  16— Continued. 


DIVISION  OR  STATE   OF 
RESIDENCE. 


TTnited  States 

Geographic  Dmsioxs: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. - 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

N^raska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


POPULATION  born  IN— 


East  South  Central  division. 


Ken- 
tucky. 


2,704,675 


2,166 
14,327 
254,780 
126, 195 
39,805 
1,084,251 
121,605 
26,090 
35,456 


158 
86 
165 
1,125 
230 
402 

6,943 
1,821 
5,563 

83,028 
89,185 
74,543 
5,134 
2,890 

3,277 
7,534 

77,325 
1,084 
1,340 
5,871 

29,764 

147 
1,080 
1,606 
8,751 
19,263 
1,180 

533 
3,240 
4,005 

,031,385 
41,936 
5,605 
5,325 

24,337 
4,864 
43,431 
48,973 

3,417 
2,499 
1,517 
10, 103 
4,366 
2,168 
1,309 
711 

10,079 
5,410 
10,967 


Tennes-      Ala- 
see,        bama. 


2,644,434 


1,341 

7,445 
62,095 
85,631 
48,144 
2,004,079 
288,216 
18,757 
28,726 


39 
166 
686 
151 
210 

3,652 
905 

2,888 

8,904 
13,797 
36,939 

1,698 
757 

1,215 
4,233 
60,713 
415 
780 
2,937 
15,338 

92 

777 
1,442 

12,865 
2,241 
8,104 
2,747 

15,713 
4,163 

64,498 

,873,227 

41,988 

24,366 

84,870 

6,189 

62,455 

134, 702 

1,607 
2,299 

810 
6,267 
4,764 
1,578 
1,063 

369 

8,155 
5,193 
15,378 


Missis- 
sippi. 


2,316,7901,915,124 


1,392 

5,862 
12,319 
11,069 
86,309 


529 
2,358 
10,102 
13,772 
8,641 


1,968,9151,635,097 

216,741;  233,290 

7,154;   5,316 

7,029    6,019 


135 
71 
164 
710 
112 
200 

3,120 

809 

1,933 

2,343 

1,768 

7,053 

604 

551 

666 
874 

6,488 
119 
144 
447 

2,431 

28 

585 

823 

1,568 

663 

1,377 

1,540 

42,458 

37,267 


39 
33 
21 
290 

38 
108 

1,499 
320 
539 

1,229 
951 

7,181 
415 
326 


1,014 

8,665 

208 

166 

699 

2,582 

24 
308 
766 
643 
163 
688 
522 
2,538 
2,989 


29,739 

46,195 

857,916 

22,928 

78,119 

1,563,839 

38,013 

64,182 

22,285 

56,129 

33,198 

28,261 

123,245 

84,718 

347 

316 

356 

311 

327 

182 

2,272 

1,588 

2,324 

1,821 

995 

687 

380 

304 

153 

107 

1,778 

1,403 

825 

670 

4,426 

3,946 

West  South  Central  division. 


Arkan- 
sas. 


1,397,657 


395 

1,710 

9,655 

40,477 

3,752 

22,382 

288, 152 

13,588 

17,546 


30 
27 
35 
205 
41 
57 

947 

214 

■  549 

1,050 

1,687 

5,907 

624 

387 

399 

1,173 

28,822 

182 

373 

1,199 

8,329 

12 
166| 
284 
400 
307 
393 
231 
1,164 
795 


Louis-      Okla- 
iana.      homa. 


1,599,273 

2,433 
7,021 
8,377 
8,659 
5,252 
40,178 
1,515,3.56 
3,715 
8,282 


84 

82 

47 

1,537 

260 

423 

4,405 
1,067 
1,549 

1,517 
900 

5,065 
498 
397 

573 
604 

5,388 
92 
114 
444 

1,444 

36 
475 
579 
610 
179 
272 
181 
1,206 
1,814 


1,679  1,387 

10, 129  3, 127 

2,334|  3.447 

8,24o!  32,217 

1,055,940       34,837 
15,3241,405,936 
13,313 


132, 763 

84,125 

795 
2,043 

531 
3,707 
4,353 
1,.542 

376 

241 


61,270 

250 
208! 

173J 
1,267 
922J 
533 
167 
195 


3,135,026 


169 

847 

5,044 

32,745 

1,016 

2,165 


Texas. 


1,16' 
5,199^ 

9,153; 
23,612 

7,366! 
17,200: 


557,253,2,986,691 
16,518|  53,661 
10,695       30,977 


4,887         1,085 
3,310  649 

9,349         6,548 


1 

20 
19 
75 
6 
32 

347 
79 
421 

1,733 
754 

2,018 
376 
163 

268 

1,559 

9,656 

170 

397 

1,710 

18,985 

6 

76 
124 
120 
163! 

8l| 
47 
260 
139 

4o3| 
739 

510: 

463 


102 
49 
102 
605 
101 
208 

3,308 

649 

1,242 

1,362 
1,316 

5, 118] 
870 
4881 

708 

1,290 

ll,864i 

3681 

574J 

1,567| 

7,241: 

! 

27[ 

445; 

825; 

807J 

287; 

639 

437 

2,518 

1,411 

1,890 
9,592 
4,815 
4,903 


11,9811      25,554 

570]      24,918 

515,212'    205,462 

29,4902,730,757 


804: 
1,478] 

501 1 
4,931! 
7,348; 
1,122! 

184| 

150 


1,777 

1,539 

1,435 

6,679 

30,506 

10, 139 

860 

726 


3, 6221  5,692 
2,38o]  3,972 
4,793       21,313 


Mountain  division. 


Mon- 
tana. 


Idaho      "^y"      ^°^'^       ^'*'^'       ^'■i- 
oming.    rado.    Mexico,   zona. 


36 
39 
267 
36 
62 

784 
157 
418 

325 
161 
985 
603 

672 

1,711 
576 
659 
950 
861 
508 
450 

13 
60 
83 

74 
50 
7 
26 
72 
40 

'  87 
92 
30 

85 

94 

46 

397 

262 

99,314 

3,476 

878 

770 

75 

328 

1,217 

498 

7,846 
2,511 
3,406 


51,079   323,334  218,693 


199: 

899 
l,241i 
4,215! 

294: 
94; 

577! 


1,400 
3,919 
7,466 
19,314 
1,097 
802 
6,464 
39,970  256,443 
3,590  26,429 


49 
25 
34 
199 
32 
61 

573 
212 
480 

328 
767 
661 
268 
283 

350 
518 
557 
132 
104 
459 
408 

3 
76 
78 
116 
104 
67 
32 
02 
94 

1«7 
167 

74 
27 

224 
111 
469 
395 

1,621 

90,225 

1,208 

609 

90 

392 

4,106 

470 

7,494 
4,706 
2,741 


83 
466 
169 
334 

225 
460 
422 
95 
1,137 
1,484 
392 

5 
24 
73 
41 
94 
12 
14 
18 
13 

31 
30 
25 


78 

14 

298 

18' 

1,450 

1,937 

31,782 

2,229 

91 

143 

2,063 

275 

1,255 

858 

1,477 


117 
71 
80 
652 
102 
378 

2,057 

540 

1,322 

1,244 

841 

3,703 

1,014 


2,238 
4,304 
271 
916 
4,692 
6,133 

27 
158 
156 
189 
124 
103 

27 
198 
155 

237 

293 

199 

73 


227 

3,408 
2,133 

2,622 
4,322 
3,534 
233,516 
4,266 
2,035 
4,340 
1, 

7,080 
4,839 
14,510 


612 

1, 453 

1,279 

2,727 

426 

217 

5,457 

202,853 

3,669 


43 
7 

41 
333 

64 
124 


495 

294 

195 
114 
626 
189 
155 

522 
263 
629 
45 
101 
214 
953 


107 
61 

131 
44 
13 
9 
26 
34 

60 
73 
56 
28 

184 

56 

1,493 

3,724 

218 
224 

695 

11,992 

184, 749 

4,477 

382 

lie 

568 

402 

2.699 


5,273 


226 

1, 

1,141 

1,003 
272 
232 

1,595 
82,939 

7,369 


595 
168 
733 

226 
178 
446 
128 
163 

110 
102 
296 
38 
37 
119 
301 

6 
57 
44 
29 
50 
15 

9 
33 
29 

61 
70 
69 
32 

86 

66 

457 

986 

187 
374 
171 
559 
1,487 
78,949 
975 
237 

443 

464 

6,462 


Utah. 


304,968 


200 

831 

1,207 

2,065 

442 

142 

875 

287,942 

11,264 


19 
13; 

26! 
llOj 

121 
20! 
I 
4Slj 
122; 
228! 

190' 

116! 
6391 
158 
104 

174 
412 
559 
62 
114 
436 
309 


88 
198 
27 
18 
11 
36 
16 

24 
67 
36 

15 

87 

35 

191 

562 


2,090  900 

28,728  850 

6, 180  146 

2,325  319 

469'  r>o 

2,679;  422 

243.054!  1,250 

3.417I  21,  WO 

I 

2,236;  1,012 

2,876J  1,018 

6,162'  9,  .397 


STATE  OF  BIRTH  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION. 


185 


NATIVE  POPULATION   OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND   STATES,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO 

DIVISION  AND  STATE  IN  WHICH  BORN:  1910— Continued. 


Table  16— Continued. 


DIVISION  OR  STATE  OF 
RESIDENCE. 


TTnlted  States... 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California... 


popxn.ATioN  born  in— 


Pacific  division. 


Outlying  possessions. 


736 

2,177 

4,243 

5,504 

1,181 

410 

1,786 

13,238 

289,345 


74 
47 
57 
418 
51 


267 
783 

407 
296 

1,318 
CS9 

1,473 

1,275 
779 

1,026 
392 
357 
631 

1,044 

16 
230 
100 
383 
3B8 
81 
20 
53 
101 

131 
200 
48 
31 

236 

73 
747 
730 

2,254 
8,630 
261 
839 
164 
376 
323 
391 

262,694 
17,508 
9,143 


413 

1,201 

2,051 

3,777 

749 

215 

1,398 

11,835 

272,001 


54 

24 
22 
227 
27 
50 


114 
450 

432 
224 
738 
370 
287 

480 
601 
785 
200 
260 
638 
813 

9 
57 
80 
54 

436 
28 
« 
26 
53 

67 
80 
35 
33 

179 

62 

663 

494 

1,467 
7,286 
348 
726 
180 
619 
504 
705 

29,569 

225,102 

17,330 


4,315 
10,014 
8,901 
8,403 
2,405 
1,103 
5,351 
24,114 
939. 941 


465 
190 
159 
2,040 
279 
567 

6,645 
1,422 
1,947 

1,639 

916 

4,301 

1,231 

814 

925 
1,290 
2,785 
281 
389 
1,038 
1,746 

* 

54 
456 
578 
361 
237 
123 

58 
285 
253 

326 
365 
226 

186 

560 

516 

1,474 

2,801 

2,004 
2,928 

582 
2,681 

852 
6,101 
1,796 
7,170 

17,761 

18, 184 

903,996 


11,324 
39,024 
57,947 
52,950 
22,741 
17,244 
36,196 
17,450 
30,809 


1,201 
1,105 

1,181 

4,489 

931 

2,327 

21,607 
5,338 
11,989 

12,030 
7,691 

26, 121 
7,567 
4,538 

7,019 
8,306 
16,791 
4,901 
2,730 
.5,138 
7,975 

348 
1,743 
1,768 
2,131 
2,704 
1,722 
1,108 
7,429 
3,788 

2,626 
6,294 
3,689 
4,635 

7,193 
6,796 
8,150 
14,057 

3,488 
2,137 

700 
4,754 
1,114 
1,357 
3,219 

681 

11,321 
3,729 
15, 759 


12 
42 
43 

38 
6 

4 

7 

31 

892 


19 


2 

9 

459 
235 
198 


53 

64 

57 

19 

23 

2 

3 

105 

3,415 


40 
74 
64 
93 

103 
18 

145 
48 

432 


3  i 

l| 
20  j 

3  I 

s! 

63  I 

4  i 

142  I 

82  i 

3,191  '' 


59 
20 
2 
2 
1 
7 
3 

1 
2 
13 
2 

2 

115 

2 

26 

19 
2 

1 
12 
1 

7 
4 
2 

84 

22 

326 


42 

747 

72 

21 

203 

5 

61 

10 

352 


641 
23 
83 

11 
11 
23 
11 
16 

2 
2 
10 


5 
342 


Bom  at 

sea 
under 
United 

States 


1,560 


226 
244 
221 
172 
210 

60 
157 

76 
194 


52 
5 

27 

104 

9 

29 

126 
44 
74 

43 
32 
49 
50 
47 

26 
33 
20 
19 


12 

62 

1 
18 

8 
19 
10 
10 

5 
131 

8 

18 
14 
20 


18 
26 
11 
102 

21 
4 
4 

22 
6 

16 
1 
3 

67 
15 
112 


American 
citizens 

bom 
abroad. 


186 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


MIGRATION  OF  NATIVE  POPULATION  FROM  AND  TO  EACH  STATE:  1910. 


BORN  IN  THE  STATE  AND  LIVING  IN  OTHER 

STATES. 


i        LIVING  IN  THE  STATE  AND  BORN  IN  OTHER 
!  STATES. 

HUNDREDS  OF  THOU3AN0S 


MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
VERMONT 
MASSACHOSETTS 
RHODE  ISLAND 
CONNECTICUT 
NEW  YORK 
NEW  JERSEY 
PENNSYLVANIA 
OHIO 
INDIANA 
ILLINOIS 
MICHIGAN 
WISCONSIN 
MINNESOTA, 
K3WA 
MISSOURI 
NORTH  DAKOTA 
SOUTH  DAKdTA 
NEBRASKA 
KANSAS 
DELAWARE 
MARYLAND 
OIST.  OF  COLUMBIA 
VIRGINIA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
NORTH  CAROLINA 
SOUTH  CAROLINA 
GEORGIA 
FLORIDA 
KENTUCKY 
TENNESSEE 
ALABAMA 
MISSISSIPPI- 
ARKANSAS 
LOUISIANA 
OKLAHOMA 
TEXAS 
MONTANA: 
IDAHO 
WYOMING 
COLORADO 
NEW  MEXICO 
ARIZONA 
UTAH 
NEVADA 
WASHINGTON 
OREGON 
CALIFORNIA 


14  IS         13         II 


Chapter  5. 

POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN  BIETH  AND  FOREIGN  PARENTAGE,  BY  COUNTRY 

OF  ORIGIN. 


INTRODTJCTION. 

This  chapter  presents  statistics  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
large  foreign  element  in  the  population  of  the  United 
States.  More  specifically,  it  distributes  the  foreign- 
born  whites,  and  hkewise  the  total  foreign  born, 
according  to  country  of  birth;  the  native  whites  whose 
parents  were  both  born  abroad,  according  to  the 
country  of  birth  of  the  parents ;  and  the  native  whites 
with  one  foreign-bom  parent,  the  other  being  native, 
according  to  the  country  of  birth  of  the  foreign-bom 
parent.  It  also  distinguishes  the  persons  born  in  cer- 
tain foreign  countries,  according  to  mother  tongue, 
and  gives  the  total  number  of  males  and  females  born 
in  each  foreign  country.  Statistics  are  given  for 
geographic  divisions,  states,  and  principal  cities,  and 
for  the  urban  and  mral  population  of  the  several  geo- 
graphic divisions.  Persons  living  in  Alaska,  Hawaii, 
Porto  Rico,  and  other  outlying  possessions  of  the 
United  States  are  not  included,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
persons  living  in  the  United  States  proper  who  were 
born  in  any  of  these  outlying  possessions  are  treated 
as  natives  and  not  as  foreign  born. 

The  importance  of  the  foreign  element  may  be  seen 
from  the  fact  that  of  the  91,972,266  inhabitants  of 
the  United  States  in  1910,  no  less  than  13,515,886,  or 
14.7  per  cent,  were  born  in  some  foreign  country. 
In  addition,  there  were  12,916,311  native  whites  of 
foreign  parentage,  forming  14  per  cent  of  the  total 
population,  and  5,981,526  native  whites  of  mixed 
(native  and  foreign)  parentage,  forming  6.5  per  cent 
of  the  total.  These  three  classes — without  considering 
the  small  number  of  native  nonwhites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage — together  numbered  32,413,723,  or 
35.2  per  cent  of  the  population  of  the  country. 

Some  of  the  tables,  as  already  indicated,  relate  to 
the  total  foreign-born  population,  and  others  only  to 
the  foreign-born  whites.  Of  the  13,515,886  persons 
of  foreign  birth  in  1910,  13,345,545  were  whites,  the 
remainder,  which  was  only  170,341,  representing 
chiefly  Chinese  and  Japanese,  and  negi'oes  (mainly  from 
the  West  Indies).  In  most  cases  the  total  number 
bom  in  a  given  country  is  substantially  the  same  as 
the  number  of  whites  born  in  that  country. 

Definition  of  terms. — For  brevity  the  Census  Bureau 
has  adopted  the  term  "foreign  white  stock"  to  indi- 
cate the  combined  total  of  three  classes,  namely,  the 
foreign-born  whites  themselves,  the  native  whites 
of  foreign  parentage,  and  the  native  whites  of  mixed 
parentage.  It  has  also  adopted  the  term  "country  of 
origin"  to  express,  in  the  case  of  the  foreign  bom,  the 
country  of  birth  of  the  person  enumerated,  in  the  case 
of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  parentage,  the  country 


in  which  both  of  the  foreign  parents  were  bom,  and, 
in  the  case  of  the  native  whites  of  mixed  parentage, 
the  country  in  which  the  foreign  parent  was  bom. 
The  combined  total  of  all  persons  in  these  three 
classes  for  whom  the  same  country  of  origin  is  shown 
is  designated  as  the  foreign  white  stock  derived  from 
that  country.  It  will  be  noted,  of  course,  that  in  the 
case  of  some  of  the  native  whites  of  foreign  parentage 
the  two  parents  were  not  bom  in  the  same  foreign 
country.  Such  persons  are  classified,  in  the  tables 
showing  the  country  of  origin  of  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  parentage,  as  persons  of  "mixed  foreign  par- 
entage." They  must,  of  course,  be  clearly  distin- 
guished from  the  persons  of  mixed  native  and  foreign 
parentage,  usually  called,  more  briefly,  of  "mixed 
parentage." 

On  account  of  the  variety  of  races  represented 
among  the  immigrants  from  certain  foreign  coun- 
tries, the  Census  Bureau  has  avoided  the  use  of  such 
terms  as  "Germans,"  "Russians,"  "Austrians,"  and 
the  like,  to  designate  the  persons  born  in  Germany, 
Russia,  Austria,  or  other  countries.  Confusion  would 
arise  from  identifying  country  of  birth  with  race  or 
nationality.  Persons  bom  in  Germany,  for  example, 
are  not  all  Germans,  while,  conversely,  there  are  many 
Germans  who  were  bom  in  other  countries,  particu- 
larly Austria,  Switzerland,  and  Russia. 

Mother-tongne  statistics. — An  amendment  to  the 
Thirteenth  Census  act  called  for  statistics  of  the 
" nationality  or  mother  tongue"  of  the  foreign-bom 
population  and  of  the  parents  of  the  native  popula- 
tion of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  It  was  found 
expedient,  in  order  to  place  the  statistics  on  a  definite 
basis,  to  call  simply  for  the  ' '  mother  tongue."  This 
term  is  generally  understood  to  mean  the  language 
of  customary  speech  before  immigration,  although  in 
the  home  countries  of  certain  classes  of  foreigners  the 
language  of  customary  speech  at  the  present  time  is 
not  the  language,  or  any  modification  of  the  language, 
of  their  distant  ancestors.  For  example,  most  of  the 
Scotch  speak  English  and  not  Gaelic.  In  some  such 
cases  the  ancestral  language,  rather  than  that  of  cus- 
tomary use,  was  doubtless  reported. 

Full  statistics  as  to  mother  tongue  will  appear  in  a 
special  report.  Such  statistics,  however,  are  chiefly 
significant  with  reference  to  the  natives  of  five 
countries — Grermany,  Austria,  Hungary,  Russia,  and 
Canada — and  only  for  such  persons  are  mother-tongue 
statistics  presented  in  this  Abstract.  Immigrants 
from  Canada  include  many  French-speaking  as  well 
as  many  English-speaking  people,  while  the  very 
numerous  immigrants  from  each  of  the  other  four 

(187) 


188 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


countries  include  a  number  of  widely  differing  racial 
groups.  There  is  also  a  considerable  mixture  of  races 
in  the  case  of  the  immigrants  from  Belgium,  part  of 
whom  speak  French  and  part  Flemish;  of  those  from 
Switzerland,  part  of  whom  speak  Grerman,  part  French, 
and  part  Italian,  respectively;  and  of  those  from 
the  Balkan  peninsula.  In  view,  however,  of  the  com- 
paratively small  number  of  the  foreign  born  in  the 
United  States  who  have  come  from  Belgium,  Switzer- 
land, and  the  Balkan  peninsula,  statistics  for  them  by 
mother  tongue  are  not  included  in  this  Abstract.  For 
natives  of  most  of  the  other  countries  from  which  the 
United  States  has  mainly  derived  its  foreign-born 
population,  statistics  as  to  mother  tongue  would  add 
little  information  of  value,  since  practically  all  persons 
from  these  countries  speak  the  mother  tongue  indi- 
cated by  the  name  of  the  country.  For  example, 
substantially  all  of  the  foreign  bom  from  Sweden 
speak  Swedish,  and  of  those  from  Italy  almost  all 
speak  Italian;  while,  conversely,  practically  all  of  the 
immigrants  whose  mother  tongue  was  Swedish  or 
Italian  have  come  from  Sweden  or  Italy,  as  the  case 
may  be. 

It  may  be  noted  further  that  statistics  as  to  the 
mother  tongue  of  persons  born  in  the  United  Kingdom 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  would  throw  little  light 
upon  racial  origia.  Most  of  the  Scotch  and  the  Irish 
ordinarily  speak  the  English  language,  and,  while 
some  of  them  reported  Gaelic  or  Irish  as  their  mother 
tongue,  most  reported  English.  Consequently,  statis- 
tics of  the  number  born  in  Scotland  or  in  Ireland  give 
a  more  accurate  idea  of  the  number  of  Scotch  or  Irish 
from  the  United  Kingdom  than  would  be  obtained  from 
the  number  reporting  the  respective  mother  tongues ; 
and  the  same  is  also  true  of  persons  born  in  Wales. 

UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 

Total  foreign  born,  by  country  of  birth:  1910  and 
1900. — The  sources  of  the  foreign-born  population  of 
the  United  States  in  1910  and  1900,  respectively,  ai-e 
summarized  in  Table  1,  in  which  the  countries  of  birth 
are  arsanged  geographically. 

While  every  geographic  division  of  the  world  is 
represented  in  the  foreign-born  population  of  the 
United  States,  hj  far  the  greater  proportion  of  that 
population  has  come  from  Europe.  Persons  of 
European  birth  constituted  87.2  per  cent  of  the  total 
foreign  born  in  1910.  Most  of  the  remainder  were 
from  the  American  continent,  chiefly  from  Canada. 

Of  the  total  foreign-born  population,  49.9  per  cent 
were  from  the  countries  of  northwestern  Europe  and 
37.4  per  cent  from  the  countries  of  southern  and  eastern 
Europe.  Germany  and  Ireland  were  the  most  impor- 
tant countries  of  the  former  group  in  contributing  to 
the  population  of  the  United  States,  and  Russia  and 
Finland,  Austria-Hungary,  and  Italy  the  most  impor- 
tant of  the  latter  group. 

Among  the  countries  of  bu-th  of  the  foreign-born 
population  of  the  United  States,  German}*  held  first 


place  in  1910,  with  2,501,333,  or  18.5  per  cent,  of  the 
total  foreign  born.  Next  in  importance  were  Austria- 
Hungary,  with  12.4  per  cent;  Russia,  11.9  per  cent; 
Ireland,  10  per  cent;  Italy,  9.9  percent;  the  Scandi- 
navian countries  as  a  group,  9.3  per  cent ;  Great  Britain 
(England,  Scotland,  and  Wales),  9  per  cent;  and  Can- 
ada and  Newfoundland,  9  per  cent.  These  countries 
together  contributed  nine-tenths  of  the  total  foreign- 
born  population  of  the  United  States  enumerated  in 
1910. 


Table  1 


COIWTEY  OF  BIRTH. 


Total  foreign  born. 


Europe. 


Northwestern  Europe . . . 
Great  Britain 

England 

Scotland 

Wales 

Ireland ^ 

Germany T 

Scandinavian  countries 

Norway 

Sweden 

Netherlands  (Holland),  Bel- 
gium, and  Luxemburg 

Netherlands 

Belgium 

Luxemburg 

France 

Switzerland 

Southern    and    Easfern 

Europe 

Portugal 

Spain 

Ifely 

Russia  and  Finland 

Russia 

Finland 

Austria-Hungary 

Austria 

Hungary 

Balkan  peninsula 

Roumania 

Bulgaria 

Servia 

Montenegro 

Greece 

Turkey  in  Euroi)e , 

Country  not  specified 


Asia. 


China 

Japan 

India 

Turkey  in  Asia 

All  other  countries. 


America '. 


Canada  and  Newfoundland.. 

Canada— French 

Canada — Other 

Newfoimdland , 

West  Indies « 

Cuba 

other  West  Indies 

Mexico 

Central  and  South  America. . 

Central  America 

South  America 


AU  other 


Africa 

Australia 

Atlantic  islands 

Pacific  islands 

Country  not  specified . 
Bom  at  sea 


1910 


Number. 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


13,515,886   100.0 


11,791,841 


6,740, 

1,221, 

877, 

261, 

82, 

1,352, 

2,501, 

1,250, 

403, 

665, 

181, 


172.534 
120,063 
49,400 
3,071 
117,418 
124,848 

5,048,583 

59,360 

22,108 

1,343,125 

1, 732, 462 

1,602,782 

129,680 

1,670,582 

1,174,973 

495,609 

220,940 

65,923 

11,498 

4,639 

5,374 

101,282 

32,230 

2,858 


191,484 


56,756 
67,744 

4,664 
59,729 

2,591 


1,489,231 


1,209,71 

385,083 

819,554 

5,080 

47,635 

15, 133 

32,502 

221,915 

9,964 

1,736 

8,228 


43,330 


3,992 
9,035 
18, 274 
2,415 
2,687 
6,927 


10,341,276 


87.2' 


49. 9j 
9.0 
6.5 
1.9 
0.6! 
10.  Oi 
18.5 
9.3 
3.0! 
4.9| 

1.3; 

1.3j 
0.91 
0.4! 

m  1 

0.9 
0.9 

37.4 
0.4 
0.2: 
9.9! 

12.8 

11. 9| 
1.0 

12.4 
8.7 
3.7 
1.61 
O.5I 
0.1 

(») 

(^) 
0.7 
0.2 

(') 

1.4 


0.4 
0.5 
(*) 
0.4 


11.0 


9.0 
2.8 
6.1 
(2) 
0.4 
0.1 
0.2 
1.6 
0.1 

0.1 


0.3 


w 

0.1 

0.1 

(») 
0.1 


1900 


Number. 


8, 871, 780 


7,016,311 

1,167,623 

840,513 

233, 524 

93,586 

1,615,459 

2,813,628 

1,072,092 

336,388 

582,014 

153,690 

127, 719 
94,931 
29, 757 
3,031 
104, 197 
115,593 

1,832,894 
30,608 
7,050 
484,027 
640, 743 
578, 102 
62,641 
637,009 
491,295 
145, 714 


15,032 

{') 
(') 

8,515 
<  9,910 
6  22,575 


120.248       1.2 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 


85.8 


67.8 

11.3 

8.1 

2.3 

0.9 

15.6 

27.2 

10.4 

3.3 

5.6 

1.5 

1.2 
0.9 
0.3 

1.0 
1.1 

17.7 
0.3 
0.1 
4.7 
6.2 
5.6 
0.6 
6.2 
4 
1.4 


0.1 


0.1 
0.1 
0.2 


81,534 
24,788 
2,031 
0) 
11,895 


1,317,380 


0.8 
0.2 
(2) 


0.1 


12.7 


1,179,922 

'395,126 

'  784, 796 

(') 

25,435 

11,081 

14,354 

103,393 

8,630 

3,89^ 

4,733 


31,868 


11.4 
3.8 


2,538 
6,807 
9,768 
2,013 
2,546 
8,196 


0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
1.0 
0.1 

(^) 

(2) 


0.3 


0.1 
0.1 

(=) 
(^) 

0.1 


increase:! 
1900-1910 


Number. 


3,174,610 


2,920,061 


-275,911 

53,660 

37,206 

27, 552 

-11,098 

-263,208 

-312, 295 

178, 641 

67,489 

83,193 

27,959 

44,815 
25,132 
19,643 
40 
13,221 
9,255 

3,215,689 

28,752 

15,058 

859,098 

1,091,719 

1,024,680 

67,039 

1,033,573 

683,678 

349, 895 


60,891 


92,767 


71,236 


-24, 778 
42,956 
2,633 


-9,304 


171,851 


Per 
cent. 


30.7 


3&» 


-3.9 

4.5 

4.4 

11.8 

-11.9 

-16.3 

-11.1 

16.7 

20.1 

14.3 

18.2 

35.1 
26.5 
66.0 

L3 
12.7 

8.0 

175.4 
93.9 
213.6 
177.5 
170.4 
177.2 
107.0 
162.3 
139.2 
240.1 


338.6 


1,089.5 


59.  S 


-30.4 
173.3 
129.6 


-78.2 


13.0 


29, 79.51 
-10,043 
34, 758 


2.5 
-2.5 
4.4 


22,200 
4,052 
18,148 
118,522 
1,334 
-2, 161 
3,495 


11,462 


1,454 

2,228 

8,506 

402 

141 

-1,269 


87.3 

36.6 
126.4 
114.6 

15.5 
—55. 5 

73.8 


36.0 


57.3 
32.7 
87.1 
20.0 
.5.5 
-15.5 


1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

2  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

3  Included  under  "Country  not  specified"  in  1900. 

*  Figures  for  Turkey  in  A.sia  included  with  those  for  Turkey  in  Europe  in  1900. 
t-  Includes  20,324  persons  reported  as  born  in  Poland,  without  specification  as 
to  whether  German,  Austrian,  or  Russian  Poland. 
«  Outside  of  the  United  States. 
'  Newfoundland  included  with  Canada  for  1900. 
» Except  Porto  Rico. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION,  BY  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  BIRTH:   1910  AND  1900. 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  BORN,  1910:  13,515,886 

TOTAL  FOREIGN  BORN,  1900:  10,341,87* 


189 


An  important  change  has  come  about  in  recent  years 
with  respect  to  the  countries  from  which  our  immi- 
grants are  chiefly  drawn.  Of  course,  this  change  is 
shown  less  obviously  by  the  statistics  of  the  foreign- 
bom  population  as  enumerated  at  the  several  decen- 
nial censuses  than  by  the  immigration  statistics,  since 
survivors  of  earlier  immigration  are  still  numerous. 
Nevertheless,  a  conspicuous  change  is  shown  by  a  com- 
parison of  the  census  returns  for  1910  and  those  for 
1900,  as  appears  from  Table  1  and  the  three  diagrams 
on  this  page.  While  the  proportion  of  Europeans  in 
the  total  foreign-born  population  was  about  the  same 
at  both  censuses  (85.8  per  cent  in  1900  and  87.2  per 
cent  in  1910),  persons  from  northwestern  Europe  con- 
stituted 67.8  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  foreign 
bom  in  1900,  but  only  49.9  per  cent  in  1910.  On  the 
other  hand,  southern  and  eastern  Europeans  formed 
only  17.7  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1900,  as  compared 
with  37.4  per  cent  10  years  later.  Persons  born  in  each 
individual  country  of  northwestern  Europe  except 
Belgium  formed  a  smaller  pro})ortion  of  the  foreign 
born  in  1910  than  in  1900,  whUe  persons  born  in  each 
country  of  southern  and  eastern  Europe  formed  a 
larger  proportion. 

The  factors  in  this  change  in  the  composition  of  the 
foreign-bom  population  can  readily  be  seen  by  com- 
paring the  increases  from  1900  to  1910  in  the  number 
of  persons  bom  in  the  respective  countries.  The 
increase  in  the  total  number  of  foreign  bom  was 
3,174,610.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  southern 
and  eastern  Europeans  was  3,215,689,  or  more  than 
the  increase  in  the  total,  while  there  was  a  decrease  of 
275,911  in  the  number  of  persons  reported  as  born  in 
northwestern  Europe.  This  decrease,  however,  was 
wholly  in  the  number  from  Germany,  Ireland,  and 


Wales,  which  feU  off,  respectively,  11.1,  16.3,  and  11.9 
pel  ?ent.  The  other  countries  of  northwestern  Europe 
were  .-epresented  by  larger  numbers  in  the  foreign-bom 
population  of  the  United  States  in  1910  than  in  1900, 
the  percentages  of  increase  ranging  from  4.4  for  Eng- 
land to  66  for  Belgium.  The  percentages  of  increase 
for  all  of  the  countries  of  southern  and  eastern  Europe 
were  large — for  example,  1,089.5  per  cent  for  Greece, 
177.5  per  cent  for  Italy,  170.4  per  cent  for  Russia  and 
Finland,  and  162.3  per  cent  for  Austria-Hungary. 

FOREIGN-BORN    POPULATION,   BY   PRINCIPAL    COUN- 
TRIES OF  BIRTH:  1910  AND  1900. 


1910  I^^B 

■■ 

GERMANY                             .900^^ 

ims&i^i&m^mm 

mm 

Wi 

^^ 

RUSSIA  AND  FINLAND                   wwuxwAm 

AUSTRIA- HUNGARY            ^^    BOSAKAisa 

1900  §§§§§^§983 

■'^'°  PBHHHHHH 

"DELANO                                                WvJAWA^MflAMAiLwUWW 

1900  ^^^^^IS^l'^S^S'f^S'SSi 

a 

1910  P^HAI^^^B 

'^*'-''              '900  mm 

NORWAY,  SWEDEN,          '^'^     I^HBI^^HIHB 

AND  DENMARK               1  9 0 0  to^§§§§§^a 

ENGLAND,  SCOTLAND,  < 9'°     ■■■■■pH 

AND  WALLS                      .goO    Wm^WiM 

^ 

1910  ^H^^^B^^^ 

CANADA     AND                                  ^^^^^^^^^^ 

NEWFOUNDLAND       ,900^^SMMJ1^ 

The  number  of  persons  of  Asiatic  birth  in  the  popu- 
lation of  the  United  States  increased  very  considerably 
from  1900  to  1910,  the  marked  decrease  in  the  number 


190 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


of  persons  reported  as  born  in  China  being  offset  by 
increases  in  the  number  from  Japan  and  Turkey  in 
Asia.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  persons  born  in 
American  countries  outside  of  the  United  States  was 
13  per  cent,  by  far  the  larger  part  of  the  increase 
being  contributed  by  Mexico. 

Considering  only  individual  countries,  and  not  the 
groups  of  countries  shown  in  Table  1,  the  following 
were,  in  order  of  rank,  the  ten  leading  countries  with 
respect  to  the  numbers  contributed  to  the  foreign-born 
population  of  the  United  States  as  reported  in  1910 
and  1900,  respectively: 


1910 

Germany. 

Russia. 

Ireland. 

Italy. 

Canada. 

Austria. 

England. 

Sweden. 

Hungary. 

Norway. 


1900 

Germany. 

Ireland. 

Canada. 

England. 

Sweden. 

Russia. 

Austria. 

Italy. 

Norway. 

Scotland. 


Comparative  statistics :  1860  to  1910. — Table  2  shows 
the  number  of  foreign  born,  by  country  of  birth,  for 
each  census  from  1860  to  1910,  the  countries  being 
arranged  alphabetically. 

This  table  emphasizes  even  more  strikingly  than 
Table  1  the  change  which  has  taken  place  in  the  com- 
position of  the  foreign-born  population  of  the  United 
States.  Thus  persons  born  in  Germany  constituted 
30.5  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  foreign  born  in 
1860,  but  only  18.5  per  cent  in  1910.  The  correspond- 
ing percentages  for  Ireland  were  38.5  and  10 ;  for  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Wales  combined,  14.1  and  9.  On 
the  other  hand,  persons  born  in  Italy  constituted  only 
0.3  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1860,  as  compared  with  9.9 
per  cent  in  1910,  while  the  percentages  for  Russia 
(including  Finland)  at  the  respective  censuses  were 
0.1  and  12.8,  and  for  Austria,  0.6  and  8.7. 

Fewer  persons  were  reported  as  born  in  Ireland  at 
the  census  of  1910  than  at  any  census  from  1860  to 
1900.  The  number  from  Wales  was  less  in  1910  than 
in  1880,  1890,  or  1900.  The  natives  of  Germany  and 
England  were  less  numerous  in  1910  than  in  1890. 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION,  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH:  1860-1910. 


Xable  2 


COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 


All  f  oreisn  countries 

Austria! 

Belgium 

Canada — French  2 

Canada— Other  2 

China 

Cuba  and  other  West  Indies 

Denmaric 

England 

France 

Germany  1 

Greece 

Hungary , . 

Ireland 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia  1  and  Finland 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Ttffkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

All  other  countries  • 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION. 


1910 


13, 515, 886 


1,174,973 
49,400 
385,083 
819,554 
56,756 

» 47,635 
181,649 
877,719 
117,418 
2,501,333 

101,282 

495,609 

1,352,251 

1,343,125 

67,744 

221,916 

120,063 

403,877 

59,360 

1,732,462 

261,076 
22,108 
665,207 
124,848 

59,729 
32,230 
82,488 
158,992 


1900 


10,341.276 


491,295 
29,757 
395, 126 
784,796 
81,534 

8  25,435 
153,690 
840,513 
104,197 
2,813,628 

8,gl5 

145,714 

1,615,459 

484,027 

24,788 

103,393 
94,931 

336,388 
30,608 

640,743 

233,524 

7,050 

582,014 

115,593 

9,910 

93,586 
95,062 


1890 


9,249,560 


241,377 
22,639 
302,496 
678,442 
106,701 

23,256 
132,543 
909,092 
113,174 
2,784,894 

1,887 

62,435 

1,871,509 

182,580 

2,292 

77,853 
81,828 

322,665 
15,996 

182,644 

242,231 

6,185 

478,041 

104,069 

1,839 

100,079 
200,813 


1880 


6,679,943 


124,024 
15,535 

717,157 

104,468 

16,401 
64,196 
664,160 
106,971 
1,966,742 

776 
11,526 

1,854,571 

44,230 

401 

68,399 
58,090 
181,729 
8,138 
35,722 

170,136 

5,121 

194,337 

88,621 

1,205 

83,302 
93,985 


1870 


5,667,229 


70,797 
12,553 

493,464 

63,042 

11,570 

30,107 

555,046 

116,402 

1,690,533 

390 

3,737 

1,855,827 

17,157 

73 

42,435 

46,802 

114,246 

4,542 

4,644 

140,835 
3,764 
97,332 
76,153 

302 

74,633 
41,943 


1860 


4, 188, 058 


25,061 
9,072 

249,970 

35,565 

7,353 

9,962 

433,494 

109,870 

1,276,075 

328 


1,611,304 
11,677 


27,466 

28,281 

43,995 

4,116 

3,160 

108,518 
4,244 
18,625 
53,327 

128 

45,763 
70,704 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  FOREIGN  BORN. 


1910       1900       1890       1880       1870      1860 


8.7 

4.8 

0.4 

0.3 

2.8 

3.8 

6.1 

7.6 

0.4 

0.8 

0.4 
1.3 
6.5 
0.9 
18.6 

0.7 
3.7 
10.0 
9.9 
0.6 

1.6 
0.9 
3.0 
0.4 
12.8 

1.9 
0.2 
4.9 
0.9 

0.4 
0.2 
0.6 
1.2 


100.0 


0.2 
1.5 
8.1 
1.0 
27.2 

0.1 
1.4 
15.6 
4.7 
0.2 

1.0 
0.9 
3.3 
0.3 
6.2 

2.3 
0.1 
6.6 
1.1 

0.1 
0.9 


100.0 


2.6 
0.2 
3.3 
7.3 
1.2 

0.3 
1.4 
9.8 
1.2 
30.1 

0) 

0.7 
20.2 

2.0 
0) 

0.8 
0.9 
3.6 
0.2 
2.0 

2.6 
0.1 
6.2 
1.1 

(0 
1.1 

2.2 


100.0 


1.9 
0.2 

10.7 

1.6 

0.2 
1.0 
9.9 
1.6 
29.4 

0) 
0.2 

27.8 
0.7 
(*) 

1.0 
0.9 
2.7 
0.1 
0.5 

2.6 
0.1 
2.9 
1.3 

0) 
1.2 
1.4 


100.0 


1.3 
0.2 


1.1 

0.2 
0.5 

10.0 
2.1 

30.4 

(«) 

0.1 
33.3 

0.3 
0) 

0.8 
0.8 
2.1 
0.1 
0.1 

2.6 
0.1 
1.7 
1.3 

0) 
1.3 

0.8 


100.0 


0.& 
0.2 

6.0 

0.8 

0.2 
0.2 

10.4 
2.6 

30.5- 

(«) 


38.  & 
0.» 


0.7 

o.r 
1.1 

0.1 
0.1 

2.6. 
0.1 
0.4 
l.» 

0) 
l.t 
1.7 


1  For  the  censuses  from  1860  to  1890,  inclusive,  persons  reported  as  bom  in  Poland  are  included  under  "All  other  countries ;"  for  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900  (so  fast 
as  possible),  they  are  distributed  under  Austria,  Germany,  and  Russia,  respectively. 

2  Includes  Newfoundland  prior  to  1910.  »  Except  Porto  Rico.  *  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Immigration  in  relation  to  the  foreign-born  popu- 
lation.— The  statistics  of  the  foreign  born  presented 
above  make  no  distinction  as  to  length  of  residence  in 
the  United  States;  they  include  those  who  have  been 
in  this  country  50  years  or  more,  as  well  as  immi- 
grants who  arrived  during  the  first  three  months  of 
1910,  just  before  the  census  was  taken.  The  increase 
of  3,174,610  in  the  number  of  foreign  born  from  1900 
to  1910  does  not  represent,  of  course,  the  number  of 


immigrants  who  came  to  the  United  States  during^ 
those  10  years.  The  foreign  born  are  constantly  being^ 
drawn  upon  by  return  migration  and  death,  and 
immigration  must  make  up  for  these  losses  before 
there  can  be  any  increase  in  the  total  number.  The 
immigration  statistics  for  the  several  decades,  how- 
ever, go  far  to  explain  the  changes  from  census  to 
census  in  the  composition  of  the  foreign-born  popula- 
tion.   A  remarkable  decrease  in  the  proportion  ©f 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


191 


immigrants  from  northwestern  Europe  and  a  striking 
increase  in  the  proportion  from  southern  and  eastern 
Europe  form  conspicuous  features  of  immigration 
statistics  for  the  past  decade,  as  compared  with  those 
for  earher  decades.  For  the  10  years  between  the 
taking  of  the  censuses  of  1900  and  1910  the  total 
immigration  was  about  8,500,000.'  Of  this  total, 
about  6,100,000,  or  72  per  cent,  were  from  southern 
and  eastern  Europe,  and  about  1,800,000,  or  21  per 
cent,  from  northwestern  Europe — the  latter  being  less 
than  one-third  the  number  from  the  southern  and 
eastern  countries. 

While  there  was  an  immigration  of  about  8,500,000 
between  1900  and  1910,  the  census  shows  only  5  088,- 
084  persons  in  the  United  States  in  1910  who  had 
arrived  after  January  1,  1901,  which  would  justify  an 
estimate  of  5,250,000  as  the  total  number  of  persons 
enumerated  in  1910  (April  15)  who  had  arrived  since 
the  preceding  census.  The  difference  between  the 
latter  and  the  total  immigration,  about  3,250,000, 
represents  in  large  part  inmiigrants  who  returned  to 
their  own  country,  and,  to  a  small  extent,  those  who 


died  between  their  arrival  and  the  date  of  the  enumera- 
tion. The  estimate  of  5,250,000  represents  the  con- 
tribution to  our  population  of  the  immigration  of  the 
last  10  years.  As  already  stated,  the  increase  in  the 
foreign-born  population  between  the  two  censuses  was 
only  3,174,610.  The  difference  of  more  than  two  mil- 
lions may  be  assumed  to  be  the  approximate  number 
of  deaths  between  1900  and  1910  of  the  foreign-born 
who  were  enumerated  in  1900.  It  may  be  assumed 
that  these  deaths  were  much  more  numerous  among 
persons  born  in  northwestern  Europe  than  among  those 
bom  in  southern  and  eastern  Europe,  because  the  for- 
mer were  a  much  larger  class  and  at  the  same  time, 
having  been  here  much  longer,  were  more  advanced  in 
years,  and  therefore  subject  to  a  higher  death  rate. 
As  a  result  of  these  combined  influences  there  has  been 
a  decrease  in  the  foreign-bom  population  from  north- 
western Europe,  as  compared  with  a  great  increase  in 
that  derived  from  southern  and  eastern  Europe. 

Foreign-born  popnlation,  by  sex. — Table  3  shows,  by 
sex,  the  foreign-born  population  of  the  United  States 
in  1910,  classified  according  to  country  of  birth. 


Table  3 


COtJNTBT  OF  BIBTH. 


All  foreign  countries 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro 

Canada,  total 

Fronch 

other 

China 

Cuba  and  otlier  West  Indies  > 

Denmark 

England 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 


FOKEIOK-BORN  POPULATION: 

1910 


Male. 


Female. 


7,667,718 


713,456 
29,896 
19,730 

605,956 
201,164 
404,793 

64,968 
26,764 
109,120 
477,320 
79,098 

65,286 

1,337,775 

93,447 

305,543 


6,  S46,  US 


461,518 
19,505 
1,781 

696,681 
183,919 
414,762 

1,788 
20,871 
72,529 
400,399 
60,582 

62,133 

1,163,558 

7,835 

190,066 


Males 

to  100 

fBmales. 


131.1 


154.6 

153.3 

1,107.8 

101.2 
109.4 
97.6 

3,074.3 
128.2 
150.5 
119.2 
156.4 

125.2 

115.0 

1,192.7 

160.8 


COTTMTBT  OF  BUTE. 


Ireland 

Italy. x 

Japan 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

Norway 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

All  other  countries 


FOEKION-BORN  POPULATION: 

1910 


Male. 


611,556 
880,904 

60,758 
136,677 

68,363 

230,156 
35,815 
36,521 

927,219 

144,659 
16,785 

369,953 
72,726 

40,467 
28,524 
45,397 
42,912 


Female. 


740,695 
462,221 
6,986 
85,238 
61,700 

173,721 
23,545 
29,402 

675,563 

116,417 

5,323 

295,254 

62,122 

19,262 

3,706 

37,091 

28,646 


Males 

to  100 

females. 


82.6 
190.6 
869.7 
160.3 
132.2 

132.6 
152.1 
124.2 
137.3 

124.3 
315.3 
125.3 
139.6 

210.1 
769.7 
122.4 
149.8 


Except  Porto  Rico. 


In  the  foreign-bom  population  of  the  United  States 
as  a  whole,  males  greatly  outnumber  females,  the  ratio 
in  1910  being  131.1  males  to  100  females.  Ireland  is 
the  only  country  shown  in  the  table  which  has  con- 
tributed a  larger  number  of  females  than  of  males  to 
the  population  of  this  country,  although  persons 
born  in  Canada  of  other  than  French  descent  showed 
a  slight  excess  of  females  over  males  in  1910,  which 
was  more  than  offset  by  the  excess  of  males  over 
females  among  those  bom  in  Canada  of  French 
descent.  Among  persons  bom  in  Bulgaria,  Servia, 
or  Montenegro,  in  China,  Greece,  Japan,  and  in 
Turkey  in  Europe  who  resided  in  the  United  States 
in  1910,  the  males  were  many  times  as  numerous  as 
the  females,  and  among  persons  bom  in  Spain  and  in 

•  Since  the  census  of  1900  was  taken  as  of  June  1  and  that  of  1910 
as  of  April  15,  there  have  been  added  to  the  immigration  figures  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1901,  those  for  the  month  of  Jime, 
1900;  and  from  the  figures  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1910, 
there  have  been  subtracted  those  for  April,  May,  and  June,  1910. 


Turkey  in  Asia  the  males  were  more  than  twice  as 
numerous  as  the  females.  In  the  case  of  persons  from 
all  the  countries  of  southern  and  eastern  Europe  from 
which  recent  immigration  has  largely  been  drawn 
there  was  a  very  marked  excess  of  males.  The  num- 
ber of  males  to  100  females  in  1910  was  154.6  for 
persons  bom  in  Austria,  160.8  for  persons  bom  in 
Hungary,  190.6  for  persons  bom  in  Italy,  and  137.3  for 
persons  bom  in  Russia.  There  is  much  less  disparity 
between  the  sexes  in  the  case  of  the  foreign  born  from 
the  leading  countries  of  northwestern  Europe.  These 
differences  accord  with  the  well-known  fact  that  the 
immigrants  of  the  earlier  days,  who  came  mainly  from 
northwestern  Europe,  came  to  a  large  extent  in  fami- 
lies and  settled  permanently  in  this  country,  while 
much  of  the  immigration  from  southern  and  eastern 
Europe  consists  of  single  men  and  of  married  men  who 
have  come  only  for  a  temporary  stay  and  have  left 
their  families  in  their  home  countries. 


192 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Population  from  Germany,  Austria,  Hungary,  and 
Russia,  by  mother  tongue. — For  reasons  stated  in  the 
Introduction,  statistics  of  mother  tongue  are  pre- 
sented in  detail  for  persons  born  in  German}^,  Austria, 
Hungary,  and  Russia.  Table  4  shows,  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  and  its  geographic  divisions,  the 
number  of  white  persons  born  in  each  of  the  four 
countries  just  named  who  were  enumerated  in  1910, 
distinguished  according  to  mother  tongue.  The  only 
other  statistics  of  mother  tongue  presented  in  this 
chapter  relate  to  persons  of  Canadian  birth,  distinction 
being  made,  however,  only  between  those  speaking 
French  and  all  others,  the  latter  consisting  almost 
wholly  of  persons  speaking  English.  This  distinction 
is  carried  through  all  the  tables  giving  country  of  birth. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  foreign-born  whites  from  Ger- 
many speak  Grerman  (90.4  per  cent  of  the  total  enumer- 
ated in  1910),  but  there  are  also  a  considerable  number 
speaking  Polish.  Among  the  foreign-bom  whites  who 
were  born  in  Austria  the  most  important  group  con- 
sists of  those  speaking  Polish,  who  constituted  28  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  1910,  followed  by  those  speaking 
Bohemian,  German,  Yiddish  and  Hebrew,  and  Slove- 
nian, in  the  order  named.  Of  the  persons  reported  as 
bom  in  Hungary,  46  per  cent  gave  their  mother  tongue 
as  Magyar,  21.8  per  cent  as  Slovak,  and  14.8  per  cent 
as  German,  17.5  per  cent  reporting  other  languages. 

Of  the  white  persons  born  in  Russia,  more  than  one- 
half  (52.3  per  cent)  gave  their  mother  tongue  as  Yid- 
dish (including  those  reporting  Hebrew),  which  is  the 
prevailing  language  of  the  Jews  throughout  a  large 
part  of  Europe,  while  more  than  a  quarter  (26.1  per 
cent)  reported  Polish  as  the  mother  tongue.  There 
were  also  a  considerable  number  who  reported 
Lithuanian  and  German,  while  the  number  who  gave 
Russian  as  their  mother  tongue  was  comparatively 
small,  only  2.5  per  cent  of  the  total. 

Previous  censuses  distinguished  persons  born  in  Po- 
land, although  Poland  is  not  an  independent  nation, 
having  been  partitioned  among  Russia,  Germany,  and 
Austria.  The  total  number  of  persons  reported  at 
the  census  of  1900  as  bom  in  Poland  was  383,407.^ 
At  the  census  of  1910  Poland  was  not  distinguished 
as  a  country  of  birth,  but  the  approximate  number 
of  persons  born  in  the  former  kingdom  of  Poland 
may  be  determined  from  the  total  number  reported 
as  speaking  the  Polish  language  who  were  natives 
of  Germany,  Austria,  or  Russia.  Such  persons  num- 
bered 937,884,  of  whom  190,096  were  reported  as 
born  in  Germany,  329,418  as  born  in  Austria,  and 
418,370  as  born  in  Russia.  A  few  of  these  were  doubt- 
less born  outside  the  territorial  limits  of  the  former 

*  This  figure  may  be  an  understatement,  because  of  the  possi- 
bility that  some  of  the  persons  bom  in  the  former  kingdom  of 
Poland  gave  their  birthplace  as  Germany,  Austria,  or  Russia. 


kingdom  of  Poland.  The  returns  for  1900  distinguish 
Russian,  German,  and  Austrian  Poland;  and  on  the 
basis  of  this  distinction,  persons  reported  as  bom  in 
Poland  have  been  distributed  under  Russia,  Ger- 
many, and  Austria,  respectively,  in  the  comparative 
tables,  but  for  earlier  censuses  they  have  been  in- 
cluded under  ''all  other  countries." 

Foreign  white  stock,  by  country  of  origin. — The 
total  foreign  white  stock  in  the  United  States  in 
1910  numbered  32,243,382,  of  whom  13,345,545,  or 
41.4  per  cent,  were  foreign  born,  12,916,311,  or  40.1 
per  cent,  were  native  whites  of  foreign  parentage, 
and  5,981,526,  or  18.6  per  cent,  were  native  whites 
of  mixed  parentage.  The  distribution  of  this  foreign 
white  stock  by  country  of  origin  is  shown  in  Table  5, 
on  page  194,  which  distinguishes  between  the  three 
classes  of  persons  just  named,  and  gives  comparative 
figures  for  1900  so  far  as  available.  The  relative  im- 
portance of  the  leading  countries  of  origin  is  shown 
for  1910  in  the  diagram  below. 

Table  5,  page  194,  shows,  for  example,  that  in  1910 
there  were  8,282,618  white  persons  in  the  United  States 
having  Germany  as  their  country  of  origin,  comprising 
2,501,181  who  were  bom  in  Germany,  3,911,847  born 
in  the  United  States  both  of  whose  parents  were  born 
in  Germany,  and  1,869,590  born  in  the  United  States 
and  having  one  parent  born  in  the  United  States  and 
the  other  in  Germany.  It  will  be  noted  that  this  total 
does  not  include  all  native  white  pereons  who  had  one 
parent  born  in  Germany.  In  the  case  of  some  native 
whites  one  parent  was  born  in  Germany  and  the  other 
in  some  other  foreign  country;  these  are  included  under 
the  designation  "persons  of  mixed  foreign  parentage," 
and  not  with  those  having  Germany  as  their  country 
of  origin. 

FOREIGN  WHITE   STOCK,  BY  JPRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES 
OF  ORIGIN:  1910. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN 


193 


WHITE  PERSONS  BORN  IN  GERMANY,  AUSTRIA,  HUNGARY,  AND  RUSSIA,  CLASSIFIED  BY  MOTHER  TONGUE, 

BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  4 

COUNTRY  OF  BIETH  AND  UOTUEK  TONGUE. 


Gennany 

German 

Polisli 

Yiddish  and  Hebrew 

Dutch  and  Frisian 

Bobcniian  and  Moravian. 

Danish 

French 

Lithuanian  and  Lettish . 

Slavic  (not  specified) ' 

Magyar 

Russian 

.Vll  other 

A««trU 

Pohsh 

Bohemian  and  Moravian 

German. 

Yiddish  and  Hebrew 

Slovenian 

Croatian 

Slovak 

Rnthenian 

Russian 

Servian 

Slavic  (not  specified ) ' 

Italian 

Roumanian 

Lithuanian  and  Lettish  . 

Greek 

All  other 

Bsagary 

Magyar 

Slovak 

German. 

Yiddish  and  Hebrew 

Roumanian 

Croatian 

Slovenian 

Slavic  (not  specified ) » . . . 

Sravian 

Ruthenian 

Polish 

Bohemian  and  Moravian. 

Russian 

Bulgarian 

.\11  other 

Bnssia ' 

Yiddish  and  Helirew 

Polish 

Lithuanian  and  Lettisli . . 

German 

Russian 

Finnish 

Ruthenian 

Slovak 

Slavic  (not  specified)  i 

Greek 

Armenian 

Bohemian  and  Moravian. 

Swedish 

Another 


tTNTTED  STATES. 


Number. 


2,501,181 


2,260,256 

190,096 

7,910 

6,510 

6,263 
5,232 
3,131 

1,486 


564 

552 

18,483 


1,174,984 


329,418 
219,214 
157,917 
124,588 

117,740 

> 68, 602 

55,766 

<  17,169 

13, 781 
Ml,6e3 

11,196 
•10,774 

3,399 

1,309 

839 

31,429 


4»5,600 


227,742 

107,954 

73,338 

19,896 

15,679 

7  9,050 
5,510 
6,837 
5,018 

•4,465 

2,637 
1,755 
1,400 
1,352 
12,967 


l,6tt,7S2 


838,193 
418,370 
137,046 
121,638 
40,542 

i«5,865 

»»3,402 

1,709 

1,658 

1,230 

945 

898 

592 

30,664 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


90.4 
7.0 
0.3 
0.3 

0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 

(») 
(») 
(*) 
0.7 


100.0 


28.0 
18.7 
13.4 
10.6 

10.0 
5.8 
4.7 
1.5 

1.2 
1.0 
1.0 
0.9 

0.3 
0.1 
0.1 
2.7 


100.0 


46.0 
21.8 
14.8 
4.0 
3.3 

1.8 
1.1 
1.4 
1.0 
0.9 

0.5 
0.4 
0.3 
0.3 
2.6 


100.0  i 


0E06BAPHIC  DIVISION. 


52.3 

26.1 

8.6 

7.6 

2.5 

0.4 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 

0.1 
0.1 
(«) 
1.9 


New 
England. 


70,261 


65,798 
2,548 


126 
231 
166 
119 


6 

13 

20 

356 


(•,583 


49,615 
2,927 
5,513 
3,179 

2,505 
313 

2,507 
676 

823 
14 
196 
478 

25 
66 
12 
644 


U,t07 


10,458 

4,339 

783 

351 

57 

146 
241 
45 
24 
50 

66 

19 

47 

136 

145 


US,  0*7 


97,292 
55,628 
29,105 
3,578 
3,348 

1,031 
333 
97 
57 
104 

167 

41 

191 

1  725 


Middle 
Atlantic. 


754,939 


693,972 

47,609 

4,215 

1,010 

827 

550 

1,170 

448 

180 

190 

211 

4,557 


563,54* 


157,133 
34,071 
72,027 

113,961 

52,775 
27,081 
39,855 
14,062 

11,382 
2,724 
8,271 
3,588 

1,426 

933 

723 

13,534 


867,949 


123,411 
66,420 
31,073 
16,842 
2,909 

2,261 
3,202 
4,870 
1,592 
3,871 

1,971 
611 

1,038 
442 

7,436 


893,498 


East  North 
Central. 


921,417 


790, COS 

115,358 

1,740 

3,075 

2,933 

1,233 

835 

468 

257 

255 

156 

4,499 


317,468 


96,366 

96,939 

38,262 

5,241 

33,504 
20,933 
9,037 
1,381 

703 
4,474 
1,764 
2,380 

1,443 

239 

19 

4,777 


West 
North 
Central. 


486,531 


400,563 

15,518 

365 

1,710 

1,416 

1,803 

362 

210 

82 

47 

72 

4,383 


116,881 


12,459 

55,283 

19,298 

694 

9,182 

8,948 

1,410 

790 

597 

1,867 

176 

358 

312 

62 

56 

4,784 


168,869  I        24,871 


75,730 
31,500 
27,859 
2,265 
10,342 

4,550 
1,424 
1,743 
2,253 
460 

463 
743 
238 
270 
2,419 


874,993 


560,549 
218,894 
57,501 
14,116 
24,581 

776 
1,908 
1,239 
1,148 

663 


88 

165 

11,581 


100,782 
105,908 
41,267 
15,063 
5,307 

1,817 
566 
222 
249 
144 

85 

140 

97 

3,346 


6,149 
2,352 
9,900 
211 
1,603 

1,311 
287 

67 
593 

46 


227 

50 

159 

1,228 

118,688 


30,880 
12,857 

3,276 
61,454 

2,712 


340 
20 

47 
126 


87 


30 

5,668 


South 
Atlantic. 


63,839 


66,645 

4,403 

305 

132 

222 
36 
45 
79 

8 

23 

11 

1,330 


20,278 


5,360 
5,000 
2,935 

488 

2,252 

1,243 

1,071 

181 

138 
70 
84 
64 

44 

29 

11 

1,302 


10,599 


6,231 

1,611 

1,029 

74 

352 

227 

56 
79 
144 
27 

27 
44 
4 
58 
630 


49,141 


24,498 
14,646 
3,509 
1,254 

1,788 

56 
71 
93 

67 
45 

14 

55 

4 

3,041 


East 
South 
Ontral. 


88,516 


27,475 
310 


,989 


474 

338 

1,037 

183 

345 
82 
71 
2 

3 
6 
9 
47 


1 

389 


1,748 


244 

379 
24 
155 

7 
11 
18 
57 


2 
23 
132 


8,152 


4,602 

1,118 

98 

865 

344 

10 
15 
7 
24 
23 

4 

28 

8 

1,006 


West 
South 
Central. 


9,737 


65,191 

2,539 

91 

78 

370 
55 

120 
65 

116 

9 

12 

1,091 


27,318 


2,099 

17,275 

4,226 

252 

1,091 
485 
130 


63 

11 

19 

201 

13 

20 

3 

1,425 

1,956 


817 
358 
249 
12 
27 

55 


19 


7 
46 

4 
37 
280 


14,108 


4,023 
2,673 

633 
4,976 

363 

28 
26 
3 
18 
20 

15 

36 

3 

1,291 


Moun- 
tain. 


42,897 


40,870 
589 
64 
128 

1-25 
199 
72 
41 

33 
4 
14 

758 


32,385 


3,057 

3,446 

4,979 

173 

7,460 

5,027 

964 

28 

25 

1,216 

519 

2,933 

54 

6 

6 

2,432 


4,296 


1,620 
642 
654 
45 
96 

441 
126 

9 
224 

8 

3 
25 
6 

79 
318 


18,592 


4,807 

1,987 

424 

9,011 

558 

401 
35 
15 
17 
15 

81 

4 

6 

1,231 


>  Reported  variously,  as  Slavish,  Slavic,  Slavonian,  and  Slavonic;  includes, 
also,  a  small  number  of  Wendlsh. 

•  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

»  Includes  4,307  reporting  Dalmatian. 

« Includes  728  reporting  Little  Russian. 

» Includes  179  reporting  Bosnian,  165  reporting  Herzegovinian,  and  76 reporting 
Montenegrin. 

72497°— 13 13  ♦ 


'  Includes  7  reporting  Romansh. 
'  Includes  16  rejwrting  Dalmatian. 
« Includes  14  reporting  Little  Russian. 
»  Exclusive  of  Finland. 

"•  Includes  138  reporting  Esthonian  and  9  reix>rl  lag  Lappish. 
"  Includes  975  rejwrtlng  Little  Russian. 


194 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK,  BY  COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN:  1910. 


Table  5 


COUNTEY  OF  ORIGIN. 


All  foreign  countries 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro, 

Canada — French ' 

Canada— Other  3 

Denmark , 

England 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

Norway 

Portugal , 

Roumania 

Russia  and  Finland 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

All  other  countries 

Of  mixed  foreign  parentage  < 


TOTAL  FOEEIGN  WHITE  STOCK. 


Number. 


1910 


82,243,382 


2,001,559 
89,264 
22,685 
932,238 

1,822,377 

400,064 
2,322,442 

292,389 
8,282,618 

109,665 

700,227 

4,504,360 

2,098,360 

382,002 

293,574 

979,099 
111,122 
87,721 
2,752,675 
659,663 

33, 134 

1,364,215 

301,650 

78,631 

35,314 

248,947 

160,295 

1,177,092 


1900 


25,859,834 


850,884 

830,335 
1,637,603 

310,127 
2,173,741 

268,292 
7,961,315 

(») 

218,447 

4,826,904 

727,844 


Per  cent. 


1910    1900 


100.0 


8 


788,758 


8 


903,435 
594,297 

1,082,388 
257,426 


8 


253,045 
1,118,841 
1,056,152 


6.2 
0.3 
0.1 
2.9 
6.7 

1.2 

7.2 

0.9 

25.7 

0.3 

2.2 
14.0 
6.5 
1.2 
0.9 

3.0 
0.3 

0.3 
8.5 
2.0 

0.1 
4.2 
0.9 
0.2 
0.1 

0.8 
0.5 
3.7 


Per 
cent 
ofin- 
crease;! 
1900- 
1910 


100.0 


3.2 

6.3 

1.2 

8.4 

1.0 

30.8 


24.7 


12.3 
11.3 

29.0 
6.8 
9.0 
4.0 


0.8 

18.7 
2.8 

220.5 

-6.7 
188.3 

3.0 

24.1 

3.5 
2.3 

204.7 
11.0 

4.2 
1.0 

26.0 
17.2 

1.0 

4.3 

-1.6 

FOEEIQN-BORN 
WHITE. 


1910 


13,345,545 


1,174,924 

49,397 

21,451 

385,083 

810,987 

181,621 
876,455 
117,236 
2,501,181 
101,264 

495,600 

1,352,155 

1,343,070 

219,802 

120,053 

403,858 

57,623 

65,920 

1,732,421 

261,034 

21,977 
665,183 
124,834 
59,702 
32,221 

82,479 
88,014 


1900 


10, 213, 817 


491,259 
29,755 

394,461 
778,399 

153,644 

839,830 

104,031 

2,813,413 

8,513 

145,709 

1,615,232 

483,963 

101,908 

94,922 

336,379 
29,766 
15,032 
640, 710 
233,473 

6,936 
581,986 
115,581 


9,896 

93,560 
95,459 


NATIVE  WHITE  OF  FOREIGN  OE  MIXED  PARENTAGE. 


Total. 


1910 


18,897,837 


826,635 

39,867 

1,234 

547,155 

1,011,390 

218,443 
1,445,987 

175, 153 

6,781,437 

8,401 

204,627 
3,152,205 
755,290 
162,200 
173,521 

575,241 

53,499 

21,801 

1,020,254 

398,629 

11, 157 
699,032 
176,816 

18,929 
3,093 

166,468 

72,281 

1,177,092 


1900 


15,646,017 


359,625 

435,874 
859,204 

156,483 
1,333,911 

164,261 
6,147,902 

(») 

72,738 

3,211,672 

243,881 

(») 

452,379 


8 


262,725 
360,824 

500,402 
141,845 

(«) 

159,485 

726,654 

1,056,152 


Both  parents  bom  in 
country  specified. 


1910 


12,916,311 


709,070 
26,448 
948 
330,976 
307,291 

147,648 

592,285 

78,937 

3,911,847 

5,524 

191,059 
2,141,577 
695, 187 
107,866 
116,331 

410,951 
41,680 
20,707 
949,316 
175,391 

4,387 

646,788 

90,669 

17,480 

2,560 

84,934 

31,362 

1,177,092 


1900 


10,632,280 


302,029 

265,947 
260,471 

115, 173 

665,461 

71,263 

3,569,638 

(») 

66,713 
2,244,241 
218,750 


?i 


349,220 

247,581 
163,991 

414,772 
74,961 


559,128 
1,056,152 


One  parent  bom  in 
country  specified, 
the  other  in  the 
United  States. 


1910 


5,981,526 


117,565 

13,419 

286 

216, 179 

704,099 

70,795 

853,702 

96,216 

1,869,590 

2,877 

13,568 
1,010,628 
60,103 
54,334 
67,190 

164,290 

11,819 

1,094 

70,938 

223,238 

6.770 

152,244 

86,147 

1,449 

533 

81,534 
40,919 


1900 


5,013,7o7 


57,596 

169,927 
598,733 

41,310 
76»,450 
92,998 
1,578,364 
(») 

6,025 
967.431 
25, 131 

(2)       ■ 

103,150 

(^) 

(^) 

15,144 
196,833 

(») 

85,630 
66,894 
(.') 

72,58'j 
167,626 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

2  Data  for  1900  not  available;  included  with  "All  other  countries." 

» Includes  Newfoundland  for  1900. 

*  Native  whites  whose  parents  were  bom  In  different  foreign  countries;  for  example,  one  parent  in  Ireland  and  the  other  in  Scotland. 


FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK,  BY  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  ORIGIN:  1910. 


GERMANY    Y/////yw^//w^//y^^y//^^//y/A 

IRELAND 
CANADA 

RUSSIA  AND  \////y/^{/y//y/)i/yz^ 

FINLAND      '  ^  ■  ^ 

ENGLAND 

ITALY 

AUSTRIA 

SWEDEN 

NORWAY 

HUNGARY 

SCOTLAND 

DENMARK 

WALES 


y//////\    BORN   IN    SPECiriED  COUNTIIV 

NATIVE-BOTM    PARENTS    BORN   IN   SPECinCO  COUNTRY 

NATIVI-OHE    PARBNT    BORN    IN  SPECIFIEO    COUNTRY    OTHER    IN   UNITED  BTATEe 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


195 


Of  the  total  white  population  of  foreign  stock  in 
1910,  Germany  was  the  country  of  origin  of  8,282,618, 
or  25.7  per  cent;  Ireland  of  4,504,360,  or  14  per  cent; 
Canada  of  8.5  per  cent;  Russia  and  Finland  of  8.5  per 
cent;  England  of  7.2  per  cent;  Italy  of  6.5  per  cent; 
and  Austria  of  6.2  per  cent.  These  seven  countries 
thus  account  for  over  three-fourths  of  the  total. 

Extraordinary  diJfferences  appear  with  respect  to 
the  rapidity  of  increase  in  the  foreign  white  stock 
derived  from  the  respective  countries.  Persons  having 
Ireland  and  Wales  as  their  countries  of  origin  actually 
decreased  in  number  from  1900  to  1910.  All  the 
other  countries  for  which  comparative  statistics  are 
presented  in  the  table  show  an  increase  in  their  con- 
tributions to  the  foreign  white  stock  of  the  United 
States,  the  rates  of  increase  ranging  from  4  per  cent 
in  the  case  of  Germany  to  188.3  per  cent  in  the  case 
of  Italy,  204.7  per  cent  in  the  case  of  Russia  and  Fin- 
land, and  220.5  per  cent  in  the  case  of  Hungary. 

Significant  comparisons  may  be  made  between  the 
columns  in  Table  5  showing  the  number  of  persons 
bom  in  a  given  country  and  the  columns  showing  the 
native  whites  of  foreign  parentage  and  the  native 
whites  of  mixed  parentage  who  had  the  same  country 
of  origin.  The  differences  among  the  several  countries 
of  origin  with  respect  to  the  relative  magnitude  of  the 
figures  in  the  three  columns  are  largely  due  to  differ- 
ences in  the  dates  at  which  the  greatest  immigration 
from  those  countries  occurred.  For  example,  the 
great  bulk  of  immigration  from  Germany  took  place 
a  considerable  time  ago,  and  it  is  but  natural  that  in  the 
population  in  1910  the  number  of  persons  born  in  the 
United  States  both  of  whose  parents  were  born  in  Ger- 
many should  be  greater  than  the  number  of  persons 
who  were  themselves  bom  in  Germany.  On  the  other 
hand,  most  of  the  immigration  from  Italy  has  taken 
place  in  recent  years,  and  the  number  of  natives  of 
Italy  was  much  greater  than  the  number  of  persons 
born  in  the  United  States  of  Italian  parents  or  than 
the  combined  number  of  such  persons  and  those  with 
one  American  and  one  Italian  parent. 

In  the  case  of  only  four  of  the  countries  listed  did 
the  native  whites  both  of  whose  parents  were  bom 
in  the  specified  country  outnumber  the  persons  who 
were  themselves  bom  there.  These  four  countries 
are  Germany,  Ireland,  Norway,  and  Wales.  In  sev- 
eral other  cases,  however,  the  combined  number  of 
native  whites  of  foreign  parentage  and  native  whites 
of  mixed  foreign  and  native  parentage  having  a  given 
country  of  origin  exceeded  the  number  of  persons 
themselves  born  in  that  country.  This  is  true  of 
Canada,  Denmark,  England,  France,  the  Netherlands, 
Scotland,  Sweden,  and  Switzerland. 


In  the  case  of  all  the  other  countries  listed  (namely, 
Austria,  Belgium,  the  combined  countries  of  Bulgaria, 
Servia,  and  Montenegro,  Greece,  Hungary,  Italy, 
Mexico,  Portugal,  Roumania,  Russia  and  Finland, 
Spain,  Turkey  in  Asia,  and  Turkey  in  Europe)  the 
persons  themselves  born  abroad  exceeded  the  natives 
of  foreign  and  mixed  parentage  combined. 

The  statistics  in  Table  5  regarding  the  country  of 
origin  of  the  native  whites  of  mixed  parentage  are 
significant,  as  indicating  indirectly  the  relative  extent 
of  intermarriage  between  persons  born  in  the  several 
foreign  countries  and  native  Americans.  There  are 
no  census  data  available  showing  directly  the  number 
of  such  intermarriages,  but  the  last  two  columns  in 
Table  5  show  the  number  of  surviving  children  of  such 
intermarriages.  In  1910  the  total  of  this  class  was 
5,981,526.  Native  whites  of  mixed  foreign  and  native 
parentage  whose  foreign  parent  was  bom  in  Germany 
numbered  1,869,590;  those  with  the  foreign  parent 
bom  in  Ireland,  1,010,628;  in  Canada,  920,278;  and 
in  England,  853,702.  These  four  groups  aggregated 
4,654,198,  or  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  total  native 
whites  of  mixed  parentage. 

It  may  be  noted  further,  by  comparing  the  number 
of  native  whites  both  of  whose  parents  were  foreign 
born  with  the  number  having  one  parent  foreign  bom 
and  the  other  native,  that  the  latter  are  more  numer- 
ous than  the  former  in  the  case  of  five  of  the  countries 
of  origin  listed,  namely,  Canada,  England,  Scotland, 
France,  and  Spain. 

The  diagram  on  the  opposite  page  shows  the  total 

number  of  persons  of  foreign  white  stock  in  1910  for 

each  of  the  principal  countries  of  origin,  distinguishing 

in  each  case  the  foreign-bom  whites,  the  native  whites 

of  foreign  parentage,  and  the  native  whites  of  mixed 

parentage. 

DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

Total  foreign  born,  by  divisions. — Table  14,  on 
pages  204-to  207,  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the 
number  of  the  foreign  born  of  all  races  combined, 
distributed  according  to  country  of  birth,  at  each  census 
from  1890  to  1910.  The  table  also  presents  corre- 
sponding data  by  states  for  1910  and  1900. 

Table  6  distributes,  by  percentages,  the  foreign-bom 
population  of  each  geographic  division  at  the  last  two 
censuses  according  to  country  of  birth.^ 

'  A  subsequent  table  (Table  9),  which  deals  with  the  foreign 
white  stock,  distinguishing  the  foreign-born  whites  from  the  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  furnishes  an  even  more  con- 
venient basis  for  noting  the  relative  importance  of  the  leading 
countries  of  birth  in  contributing  to  the  foreign-bom  white  popula- 
tion of  the  several  geographic  divisions.  Although  it  relates  only 
to  the  whites,  in  the  case  of  most  geographic  divisions  the  per- 
centages are  almost  the  same  aa  those  based  upon  the  total  foreign 
bom  of  all  races. 


196  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE   FOREIGN-BORN   POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  6 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION. 

COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 

United 

States. 

New  Eng- 
land. 

Middle 
Atlantic. 

East  North 
Central. 

West  North 
Central. 

South 
Atlantic. 

East  South 
Centra!. 

West  South 
Central. 

Mountain. 

I'aciflc. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

Af^  foreign  countries    

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100  0 

8.7 
0.4 
8.9 
2.8 
6.1 

0.4 
0.4 
1.3 
6.5 
1.0 

0.9 
18.5 
0.7 
3.7 
10.0 

9.9 
0.5 
1.6 
0.9 
3.0 

0.4 
11.9 
1.9 
0.2 
4.9 

0.9 
0.7 
0.6 
1.2 

4.8 
0.3 
11.4 
3.8 
7.6 

0.8 
0.2 
1.5 

8.1 
0.6 

1.0 
27.2 
0.1 
1.4 
15.6 

4.7 
0.2 
1.0 
0.9 
3.3 

0.3 
5.6 
2.3 
0.1 
5.6 

1.1 
0.1 
0.9 
0.9 

3.8 
0.2 

28.8 
15.2 
13.6 

0.1 
0.2 
0.4 
8.5 
0.8 

0.6 
3.9 
0.9 
0.9 
18.3 

9.8 

h 

0.1 
0.5 

1.9 
10.6 
2.7 
0.1 
3.9 

0.2 
1.5 
0.2 
1.2 

1.6 
0.1 
35.4 
19.1 
16.3 

0.3 
0.1 
0.4 
9.6 
0.4 

0.5 
5.1 
0.1 
0.5 
26.8 

4.2 
(«) 
(*) 
0.1 
0.4 

1.2 
4.4 
2.9 
(') 
4.1 

0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.9 

11.4 
0.2 
3.1 
0.6 
2.5 

0.1 
0.4 
0.4 
6.3 
0.3 

0.8 
15.6 
0.3 
5.5 
12.7 

16.2 
(^) 
(") 
0.5 
0.7 

(») 
18.4 
1.8 
0.1 

1.8 

0.6 
0.5 
0.8 
1.3 

6.3 
0.2 
4.2 
0.9 
3.3 

0.3 
0.3 
0.5 
8.9 
0.2 

1.0 
25.6 
0.1 
3.0 
21.9 

8.8 
(*) 

0.6 
0.5 

(^) 
9.8 
2.4 
0.1 
2.2 

0.8 
0.1 
1.3 
1.0 

10.3 
0.7 
8.9 
1.5 
7.4 

0.1 

m 

1.4 
5.5 
1.4 

0.6 
30.0 
0.6 
5.3 

5.8 

4.8 
(») 

3.2 

^', 
1.6 
(«) 
5.8 

1.1 
0.5 
0.6 
0.8 

5.0 
0.6 
11.3 
2.1 
9.2 

0.1 
C^) 
1.5 
6.9 
0.9 

0.8 
40.9 
0.1 
1.0 
9.1 

2.0 

3.8 

(») 

3.0 

1.8 

(«) 

6.5 

1.3 
(») 
0.8 
0.6 

7.2 
0.4 
6.4 
1.1 
5.3 

0.1 
(2) 
4.0 
4.3 
1.8 

0.6 
26.4 
0.9 
1.5 
4.9 

2.4 
0.1 
0.7 
1.3 
12.3 

("-) 
7.3 
1.3 
(') 
13.2 

1.2 
0.4 
0.5 
1.0 

5.0 
0.3 
8.1 
1.4 
6.7 

0.1 

(2) 
3.9 
5.1 
0.8 

0.7 
32.4 
C-) 
0.4 
7.3 

0.7 

8 

1.1 

12.1 

(2) 
4.3 
1.6 
(») 
13.6 

1.4 

0.6 
0.6 

6.8 
0.4 
2.9 
0.3 
2.6 

0.4 
6.1 
0.4 
7.6 
C.2 

0.9 
21.1 
1.5 
3.5 
9.2 

12.8 
{■) 
0.1 
0.2 
0.5 

0.1 
16.4 
2.4 
1.7 
1.0 

0.7 
1.5 
0.7 
1.1 

3.4 
0.1 
3.2 
0.3 
2.9 

0.8 
5.8 
0.4 
9.4 
0.1 

1.1 

34.4 

0.3 

1.0 

16.9 

4.9 

0.1 
0.2 
0.5 

0.1 
9.5 
3.0 
0.6 
1.0 

0.9 
0.1 
0.8 
1.5 

3.4 
0.2 
4.0 
0.4 
3.6 

0.4 
0.0 
0.6 
8.9 
0.2 

2.1 
32.5 
1.6 
2.0 
11.5 

9.3 

0.3 
0.4 
0.6 

(«) 
9.3 
2.8 
0.2 
1.8 

3.1 
1.9 
0.8 
1.4 

1.7 
0.2 
3.7 
0.5 
3.3 

0.4 
0.3 
0.4 
9.5 
0.1 

2.5 
41.7 
0.2 
0.9 
18.0 

4.0 

(») 

0.2 

0.3 

0.5 

4.2 
3.0 
0.2 
1.5 

3.6 
0.2 
1.1 
1.8 

7.8 
0.3 
2.5 
0.3 
2.2 

0.3 
0.3 
0.6 
4.3 
0.1 

2.4 
19.8 
0.5 
0.6 
3.4 

9.0 
0.1 
36.6 
0.3 
0.7 

0.1 
4.0 
1.2 
0.5 
1.8 

1.1 
0.9 
0.3 
0.8 

7.6 
0.3 
2.6 
0.4 
2.2 

0.5 
0.3 
0.6 
5.1 
0.1 

3.5 
27.6 
0.1 
0.4 
5.7 

8.4 
(=) 
26.9 
0.2 
0.7 

0.1 
2.8 
1.3 
0.3 
2.1 

1.2 
0.2 
0.3 
1.1 

7.1 
0.2 
S.l 
1.2 
6.9 

1.0 
0.1 
3.8 
12.0 
2.0 

0.9 
9.5 
2.9 
0.9 
5.9 

7.6 
Z3 
10.1 
0.8 
3.3 

0.1 
4.1 
3.3 
0.7 

7.8 

1.5 
0.6 
1.4 
1.8 

4.2 
0.2 
10.7 
1.9 

8.8 

2.5 
(») 
5.1 
16.8 
1.8 

1.0 
11.0 
0.1 
0.4 
9.1 

4.7 
1.7 
7.1 
0.4 
2.8 

0.1 
1.5 
4.2 
0.1 
9.5 

1.9 
0.1 
2.2 
0.8 

3.7 
0.3 
10.1 
0.8 
9.3 

3.8 
0.1 
2.6 
8.0 
2.1 

2.2 
12.9 
1.6 
0.6 
7.1 

8.6 
5.6 
3.6 
0.5 

4.7 

2.4 
3.4 
2.5 
0.5 

7.2 

2.3 
0.7 
0.5 
2.3 

1.R 

Belgium 

0.3 

Canada,  total 

10.6 

French 

1.0 

Other 

9.6 

China 

9.8 

0.1 

Denmark 

2.6 

■Rnglanrl , . ,  , 

9.5 

Finland 

1  4 

France 

2.6 

Offin^nj 

18.9 

Greece 

0.1 

Hungary 

0.2 

Ireland ." 

10.3 

Italy 

4,8 

Japan 

3.4 

Mexico 

1.5 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

0.4 

3.3 

Portugal 

2.3 

1.6 

2.8 

0.2 

Sweden 

5.8 

Switzerland 

2.8 

0.1 

Wales 

0.7 

2.1 

1  Except  Porto  Rico. 

For  New  England  the  most  important  countries  of 
birth  of  the  foreign  born  enumerated  in  1910  were,  in 
the  order  of  their  rank,  Canada,  Ireland,  and  Russia, 
each  of  which  contributed  over  10  per  cent  of  the 
total,  followed  by  Italy  and  England.  For  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division  they  were  Russia,  Italy,  Germany, 
Ireland,  and  Austria.  For  the  East  North  Central  divi- 
sion they  were  Grermany  and  Austria,  each  of  which 
eontributed  over  10  per  cent,  followed  by  Canada 
and  Russia,  each  with  8.9  per  cent.  For  the  West 
North  Central  division  the  most  important  countries  of 
birth  were  Germany,  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Russia.  For 
the  Mountain  division  the  leading  positions  were  occu- 
pied by  England,  Mexico,  and  Germany,  and  for  the 
Pacific  division  by  Germany,  Canada,  and  Italy.  In 
neither  of  these  two  western  divisions  was  any  one 
country  of  birth  i-epresented  by  as  much  as  one-sixth 
of  the  total  foreign-bom  population.  In  the  three 
southern  divisions  the  total  number  of  foreign  born 
was  comparatively  small.  Persons  born  in  Germany 
occupied  the  leading  place  in  the  South  Atlantic  and 
East  South  Central  divisions,  and  those  born  in  Me^iico 
in  the  West  South  Central  division. 

Marked  differences  appear  among  the  natives  of 
different  foreign  countries  with  respect  to  the  sections 
of  the  United  States  to  which  the  greatest  numbers 
have  gone.  These  differences  are  most  clearly  brought 
out  by  Table  7,  which  shows,  by  percentages,  the 
distribution  of  the  persons  born  in  each  foreign 
country    according    to    the    geographic    divisions    in 


»  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

which  they  were  living  at  the  census  of  1910.  For 
comparison  the  distribution  of  the  total  foreign-bom 
population  and  also  that  of  the  total  population  are 
shown. 

In  view^  of  the  very  large  foreign-born  population 
of  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  it  is  natural  that  that 
division  should  contain  more  of  the  pei-sons  from 
many  of  the  countries  specified  than  any  other  divi- 
sion. Of  the  natives  of  Austria  in  the  United  States 
in  1910,  47.1  per  cent  were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
di^'ision  and  27  per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central. 
Of  persons  born  in  Canada,  43.7  per  cent  were  in  New 
England  and  22.7  per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central 
division.  Of  those  from  England,  34.9  per  cent 
were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  di\Tsion,  19.4  per  cent 
in  the  East  North  Central,  and  17.8  per  cent  in  New 
England;  the  distribution  of  persons  born  in  Scotland 
was  very  similar.  Of  the  natives  of  Germany,  36.8  per 
cent  were  in  the  East  North  Central  division,  30.2 
per  cent  in  the  ]VIiddle  Atlantic,  and  17.1  i)er  cent 
in  the  West  North  Central.  Many  of  the  earlier 
German  immigrants  went  to  the  farms  of  these  geo- 
graphic divisions.  Of  persons  born  in  Hungary,  54.1 
per  cent  were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  (many 
of  them  in  the  mining  regions  of  Pennsylvania)  and 
32.7  per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central. 

Of  pei-sons  born  in  Ireland,  45.5  per  cent  were  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division,  24.7  per  cent  in  New  England, 
and  13.3  per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central  division. 
A  decided  concentration  appears  in  the  case  of  na- 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


197 


tives  of  Italy,  no  less  than  58.4  per  cent  in  1910 
being  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  13.4  per  cent 
in  New  England,  and  10.9  per  cent  in  the  East  North 
Central  division.  Of  persons  born  in  Russia,  55.7 
per  cent  were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  17.2  per 
cent  in  the  East  North  Central,  and  12  per  cent  in 
New  England. 

The  natives  of  the  Scandinavian  countries  have 
largely  gone  to  the  farming  regions  of  the  Middle  West. 
Of  those  born  in  Norway,  49.2  per  cent  in  1910  were  in 


the  West  North  Central  division  and  24.6  per  cent  in  the 
East  North  Central,  and  of  those  born  in  Sweden,  32.1 
per  cent  were  in  the  West  North  Central  and  26.8 
per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central.  The  distribution 
of  those  born  in  Denmark  is  similar.  Of  the  European 
immigrants,  those  born  in  Portugal  show  the  most  un- 
equal distribution,  nearly  all  of  them  being  found  in 
the  New  England  and  Pacific  divisions.  The  natives 
of  China  and  Japan  have  settled  chiefly  in  the  Pacific 
division. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  POPULATION  BORN  IN  THE  LEADING  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES,  BY  DIVISION  OF  RESIDENCE:  1910. 


Table  7 

PER  CENT  or  TOTAL  NWBBB  OF  PERSONS  BORN  IN  SPECDIED  COXmiRY:  1910 

DIVISION. 

Total 

popula- 

tton. 

Total 
foreign 
bom. 

Austria. 

Bel- 
gtom. 

Canada. 

China. 

Cuba 
and 
other 
West 
Indies." 

Den- 
mark. 

land. 

Fhi- 
land. 

France. 

Ger- 
many. 

Greece. 

Hub- 
gary. 

Ire- 
land. 

United  States 

100.0 

7.1 
21.0 
19.8 
12.7 
13.3 
9.1 
9.6 
2.9 
4.6 

100.0 

13.5 
35.9 
22.7 
12.0 
2.2 
0.6 
2.6 
3.4 
7.1 

100.0 
5.9 
47.1 
27.0 
9.9 
1.7 
0.3 
2.3 
2.8 
3.0 

100.0 
6.6 
21.5 
46.4 
12.4 
2.3 
0.3 
1.9 
2.0 
6.6 

100.0 
43.7 
12.3 
22.7 
8.5 
0.7 
0.3 
0.7 
3.0 
8.0 

100.0 
4.0 

12.1 
4.4 
1.8 
2.2 
0.6 
1.8 
8.3 

64.4 

100.0 

6.5 
45.1 
2.3 
1.3 
38.6 
1.0 
2.3 
0.6 
2.3 

100.0 
4.2 
11.4 
23.6 
35.2 
0.7 
0.3 
1.2 
9.5 
13.9 

100.0 

17.8 
34.9 
19.4 
7.9 
2.6 
0.9 
1.7 
6.2 
8.7 

100.0 

lag 

9.9 
315 
22.8 
0.3 
0.1 
0.2 
7.1 
15.1 

100.0 

9.3 
33.8 
16.2 
8.2 
2.4 
1.6 
7.1 
3.6 
17.8 

100.0 

2.8 

30.2 

36.8 

17.1 

2.5 

1.1 

2.8 

1.7 

4.9 

100.0 
16.6 
15.7 
17.7 
13.8 
4.6 
1.4 
1.7 
13.1 
15.5 

100.0 
3.4 
54.1 
32.7 
4.0 
2.1 
0.4 
0.4 
0.9 
1.1 

100  0 

24.7 

Middle  A'tlantic 

49  5 

East  North  Central 

13  3 

Wpst  North  Central 

5.8 

South  Atlantic 

2.0 

East  South  Central .'. 

0.7 

West  South  Central 

0.9 

2.0 

Pacific 

5.0 

DIVISION. 

Italy. 

Japan. 

Mexico. 

Nether- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land). 

Nor- 

way. 

Portu- 
gal. 

Russia. 

Soot- 
land. 

Spain. 

Swe- 
den. 

Switz- 
erland. 

Turkey. 

Wales. 

All 
other 
eoun- 

trles. 

XTnited  States 

100.0 
13.4 

58.4 
10.9 
2.8 
2.9 
0.6 
2.4 
2.6 
6.1 

100.0 

0.4 
2.3 
0.7 
1.5 
0.2 
(«) 
0.6 
15.1 
79.2 

100.0 
0.1 
0.4 
0.4 
4.9 
0.1 
0.1 
58.1 
20.6 
15.3 

100.0 
1.8 
22.1 
49.7 
17.5 
0.6 
0.3 
0.8 
3.1 
4.2 

100.0 
2.1 
8.1 
24.6 
49.2 
0.4 
0.1 
0.6 
3.7 
11.2 

100.0 

67.1 

1.7 

0.9 

0.1 

0.3 

(') 

0.3 

0.9 

38.6 

100.0 

12.0 

55.7 

17.2 

7.4 

3.1 

0.5 

0.9 

1.2 

2.1 

100.0 

18.5 
34.1 
18.7 
8.4 
2.7 
1.0 
1.6 
5.8 
9.3 

100.0 
5.2 

20.0 
2.8 
3.1 

22.5 
0.9 
7.3 

14.3 

23.0 

100.0 
10.6 
13.2 
26.8 
32.1 
0.4 
0.2 
1.0 
5.3 
10.3 

100.0 
3.0 
25.1 
26.6 
15.4 
1.7 
2.2 
.3.0 
5.6 
17.5 

100.0 

29.3 

26.6 

16.6 

7.5 

4.8 

1.8 

3.5 

2.8 

7.0 

100.0 
4.5 
46.0 
22.1 
9.5 
2.4 
0.9 
1.1 
7.5 
6.0 

100  0 

New  England 

13.5 

Middle  Atlantic 

38.4 

East  North  Central 

14.7 

West  North  Central 

9.8 

South  Atlantic 

2.1 

East  South  Central 

6.8 

West  South  Central 

1.8 

Mountain       

5.2 

Pacific            

13.7 

1  Except  Porto  Rioo. 

Table  8  shows,  by  geograpliic  divisions,  the  number 
of  foreign-born  persons  reported  at  the  censuses  of 
1910  and  1900  classified  into  three  groups:  (1)  Those 
bom  in  northwestern  Europe;  (2)  those  bom  in 
southern  and  eastern  Europe;  and  (3)  those  bom  in  all 
other  foreign  countries. 

There  are  conspicuous  differences  among  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  with  respect  to  the  proportions 
which  these  tlu'ee  groups  of  countries  have  contributed 
to  the  foreign-bom  population.  In  the  New  England 
division,  for  example,  in  1910  only  39.4  per  cent  of 
the  foreign  bom  were  from  northwestern  Europe, 
while  29.3  per  cent  were  from  southern  and  eastern 
Europe  and  31.3  per  cent  from  other  countries, 
mainly  Canada.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  West  North 
Central  division  70.4  per  cent  of  the  foreign  born  were 
from  northwestern  Europe,  21.9  per  cent  from  south- 
ern and  eastern  Europe,  and  only  7.7  per  cent  from 
all  other  countries.  The  proportion  from  southern  and 
eastern  Europe  was  conspicuously  high  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division,  53.4  per  cent.  The  proportion 
from  non-European  countries  was  highest  in  the  West 
South  Central  division,  where  there  are  considerable 


'  Less  than  onc-tcn'th  of  1  per  cent. 


numbers   of   Mexicans   in 
foreign-bora  population. 


the   comparatively   small 


Table  8 


NCMBEE. 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.... 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central.. . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


PER  CENT  OP  TOTAL 
FOREIGN  BORN. 


TTnited  States.... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central.... 

Mountain 

Pacific 


PERSONS  BORN  IN— 


Northwestern 
Europe. 


1910 


740,400 

719,793 
053,472 
794,003 
137,573 
135,047 
57,466 
127,060 
229,239 
486,747 


49.9 

39.4 
42.3 
58.4 
70.4 
45.0 
65.4 
36.1 
50.6 
50.9 


1900 


7,016,311 

730,461 

2,187,470 

1,998,541 

1,226,223 

148,576 

74,406 

130,049 

193,640 

326,845 


67.8 

50.5 
65.9 
76.1 
80.01 


82.2 
48.7 
64.1 

eo.o 


Sontbemand 
eastern  Europe. 


1910 


1900 


5,048, 

534, 
2,588, 
986, 
354, 
131, 
23, 
80, 
122, 
226, 


37.4 

29.3 
53.4 
32.1 
21.9 
43.8 
26.9 
22.8 
27.0 
23 


1,832, 

184, 
949, 
310, 
173, 
43, 
10, 
53, 
39, 
68, 


17.7 

12.8 
28.6 
11.8 
11.3 
20.0 
11. « 
19.9 
13.1 
12.5 


All  other  foreign 
countries.' 


1910 


1,726, 

570; 
209, 
293, 
124, 
33, 
6, 
144, 
101, 
242, 


12.8 

31.3 

4.3 

9.5 

7.7 

11.2 

7.6 

41.1 

22.4 

25.4 


1000 


,492,071 

.530,080 
180,649 
316,599 
133,049 
24,302 
5,687 
83,756 
68,717 
149,232 


14.4 

36.7 
5.4 
12.1 
8.7 
11.2 
6.3 
31.4 
22.8 
27.4 


'  Includes  a  few  persons  reported  as  bom  in  Europe,  country  not  specified. 


198 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


More  than  half  of  the  total  number  of  southern 
and  eastern  Europeans  in  the  United  States  in  1910 
resided  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  and  more 
than  four-fifths  of  them  were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic, 
New  England,  and  East  North  Central  divisions, 
taken  together.  On  the  other  hand,  less  than  one- 
half  of  the  northwestern  Europeans  were  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division,  and  the  three  divisions  just 
named,  taken  together,  contained  a  Uttle  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  total  number. 


Foreign  white  stock,  by  divisions. — Table  13,  pages 
202  and  203,  shows,  for  1910,  by  geographic  divisions, 
the  total  foreign  white  stock  of  each  country  of 
origin,  distinguishing  between  white  persons  themselves 
foreign  born  and  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 

The  principal  facts  brought  out  in  Table  13  are  shown 
more  clearly  in  Table  9,  in  which  the  principal  coun- 
tries of  origin  of  the  foreign  white  stock  of  each  geo- 
graphic division  are  arranged  in  order  of  importance. 


Xable  9 


DIVISION  AND  COUNTRY 
OF  ORIGIN. 


New  England 

Canada 

Ireland 

England 

Russia 

Italy 

Germany 

Sweden 

Austria 

Scotland 

Portugal 

Middle  Atlantic 

■Germany 

Ireland 

Bussia 

Italy 

Austria 

England 

Hungary 

Canada 

Scotland 

Sweden 

East  North  Central 

Germany 

Ireland 

Canada. 

Austria 

England 

Bussia 

Sweden 

Norway 

Italy 

Hungary 

West  North  Central 

Germany 

Norway 

Sweden 

Ireland 

Canada 

Austria 

England , 

Bussia 

Denmark 

Scotland 

South  Atlantic 

Germany 

Ireland 

Bussia 

England 

Italy 


FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK:  1910 


Total. 


Number. 


3,867,095 


1,104,384 
978,352 
320,834 
291,618 
277,361 
176,945 
126,471 
107,127 
97,740 
53,721 


10,417,491 


2,222,900 

1,922,099 

1,382,493 

1,229,462 

873,467 

752,940 

389,738 

323,875 

211,237 

160,268 


8,175,654 


,172, 
706, 
679, 
556, 
503, 
424, 
365, 
246, 
226, 
214, 


4,827,934 


1,601,182 
543,681 
491,949 
369,020 
296,219 
256,972 
245,227 
232,940 
150,465 
73,652 


730,398 


226,285 
111,597 
82,203 
64,317 
55,206 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


28.6 
25.3 
8.3 
7.5 
7.2 
4.6 
3.3 
2.8 
2.5 
1.4 


100.0 


21.3 
18.5 
13.3 
11.8 
8.4 
7.2 
3.7 
3.1 
2.0 
1.5 


100.0 


38. 
8.6 
8.3 
6.8 
6.2 
5.2 
4.5 
3.0 
2.8 
2.6 


100.0 


33.2 
11.3 
10.2 
7.6 
6.1 
5.3 
5.1 
4.8 
3.1 
1.5 


100.0 


31.0 
15.3 
11.3 
8.8 
7.6 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


Num- 
ber. 


1,814,386 


524,015 

334,475 

155,675 

192,697 

179,428 

70,261 

70,774 

69,583 

48,413 

32,453 


4,826,179 


754,939 
615,717 
893,498 
783,758 
553,546 
305,826 
267,949 
146,971 
88,975 
87,717 

3,067,220 


921,417 
179,257 
270,286 
317,462 
170,131 
274,993 
178,138 
99,190 
146,824 
162,259 


1,613,231 


426, 
198, 
213, 

78, 
101, 
116, 

69, 
118, 

63, 

21, 


290,555 


63,239 
27,471 
49, 141 
22,582 
38,277 


Per 
cent 


100.0 


2,052,709 


28.9 
18.4 

8.6 
10.6 

9.' 

3.' 

3. 

3.: 

2. 

1. 


100.0 


Native  white 
of  foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


580,369 

643,877 

165,159 

98,921 

97,933 

106,684 

55,697 

37,544 

49,327 

21,268 

5,591,312 


,467,961 
,306,382 
488,995 
445,704 
319,921 
447,114 
121,789 
176,904 
122,262 
72,551 


100.0  5,108,434 


100.0 


100.0 


21.8 
9.5 

16.9 
7.8 

13.2 


2,250, 
527, 
408, 
239, 
333, 
149, 
187, 
140, 
79, 
52, 


3,214,703 


1,174, 
344, 
278, 
290, 
194, 
140, 
176, 
114, 
86, 
51, 


439,843 


163,046 
84,126 
33,062 
41,735 
16,929 


Per 

cent. 


100.0 


28.3 
31.4 
8.0 
4.8 
4.8 
5.2 
2.7 
1.8 
2.4 
1.0 


100.0 


26.3 
23.4 
8.7 
8.0 
5.7 
8.0 
2.2 
3.2 
2.2 
1.3 


100.0 


44.1 
ljO.3 
8.0 
4.7 
6.5 
2.9 
3.7 
2.9 
1 
1.0 


100.0 


36.5 
10.7 
8.7 
9.0 
6.0 
4.4 
5.5 
3.6 
2.7 
1 


100.0 


37.1 
19.1 
7.5 
9.5 
3.8 


PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL 

FOREIGN 

WHITE 

STOCK 

CONSISTING 

OF— 


•-■'3  «5 


03  3  Pi 


46.9 


47.4 
34.2 
48.5 
66.1 
64.7 
39.7 
56.0 
65.0 
49.6 
60.4 


46.3 


34.0 
32.0 
64.6 
63.7 
63.4 
40.6 
68.8 
45.4 
42.1 
54.7 


37.5 


29.0 
25.4 
39.8 
57.0 
33.8 
64.8 
48.8 
40.3 
64.9 
75.5 


33.4 


26.6 
36.6 
43.4 
21.3 
34.4 
45.3 
28.1 
50.9 
42.5 
29.6 


27.9 
24.6 
59.8 
35.1 
69.3 


53.1 


52.6 
65.8 
51.5 
33.9 
35.3 
60.3 
44.0 
35.0 
50.5 
39.6 


53.7 


66.0 
68.0 
35.4 
36.3 
36.6 
59.4 
31.2 
54.6 
57.9 
45.3 


62.5 


71.0 
74.6 
60.2 
43.0 
66.2 
35.2 
51.2 
59.7 
35.1 
24.5 


66.6 


73.4 
63.4 
56.6 
78.7 
65.6 
54.7 
71.9 
49.1 
57.5 
70.4 


60.2 


72.1 
75.4 
40.2 
64.9 
30.7 


DIVISION  AND  COXmTRY 
OF  ORIGIN. 


South  Atlantic— Con. 


Austria 

Scotland 

Cubaand.otherW.Indies' 

Canada 

Hungary. 


East  South  Central 


Germany 

Ireland 

England 

Italy 

Bussia 

Canada 

Scotland 

Switzerland. 

France 

Austria 


West  South  Central 


Germany. 
Mexico. . . 
Austria. . . 

Italy 

Ireland... 
England.. 
Bussir. — 
France. . . 
Canada.... 
Sweden.. 


Mountain 


England . . 
Germany. . 

Ireland 

Canada.... 

Mexico 

Sweden... 

Italy 

Austria... 
Denmark . 
Russia 


Faclflc . 

Germany. 

Ireland 

Canada 

England.. 

Italy 

Sweden... 
Norway. . . 
Scotland.. 

Bussia 

Portugal. . 


FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK:  1910 


Total. 


Number. 


33,320 
21,692 


21,475     2.9 


19,128 
14,154 


301,834 


125,572 
51,346 
26,230 
14,838 
14,118 
8,737 
8,736 
7,872 
6,888 
5,461 


954,042 


275,451 
237,893 
67,376 
63,645 
59,331 
53,203 
29,799 
29,549 
25,819 
16,498 

1,053,831 


171,028 
134,967 
93,697 
86,748 
78,029 
73,329 
50,562 
49,228 
48,377 
30,389 


1,915,103 


347,219 
212,178 
210,566 
184,678 
126^013 
120,748 
83,305 
56,843 
53,965 
52,369 


Per 

cent. 


4.6 
3.0 


2.6 
1.9 


100.0 


41.6 
17.0 
8.7 
4.9 
4.7 
2.9 
2.9 
2.6 
2.3 
1.8 


100.0 


28.9 
24.9 
7.1 
6.7 
6.2 
5.6 
3.1 
3.1 
2.7 
1.7 


100.0 


16.2 
12.8 
8.9 
8.2 
7.4 
7.0 
4.8 
4.7 
4.6 
2.9 


100.0 


18.1 
11.1 
11.0 
9.6 
6.6 
6.3 
4.3 
3.0 
2.8 
2.7 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


Num- 
ber. 


20,272 
7,143 

11,229 
8,488 

10,599 


86,857 


28,516  32.8 


10,123 
7,776 
8,181 
8,152 
3,427 
2,503 
2,748 
1,829 
2. — 


348,759 


69,737 
127,984 
27,318 
31,686 
11,985 
15,014 
14,108 
8,242 
8,554 
6,460 


Per 
cent. 


7.0 
2.5 
3.9 
2.9 
3.6 


100.0 


11.7 
9.0 
9.4 
9.4 
3.9 
2.9 
3.2 
2.1 
3.4 


100.0 


20.0 
36.7 
7.8 
9.1 
3.4 
4.3 
4.0 
2.4 
2.5 
1.9 


436,910100.0 


54,349j  12.4 
42,897     ' 


26,872 
36, 172 
45,159 
35,482 
34,432 
32,325 
17,230 
18,592 


6.2 
8.3 
10.3 
8.1 
7.9 
7.4 
3.9 
4.3 


861,448100.0 


123,644 
67,648 
96,182 
76,075 
82,250 
68,504 
45,158 
24,181 
32,889 
22,775 


Native  white 
of  foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


13,048 
14,549 
10,246 
10,640 
3,555 


214,977 


97,056 
41,223 
18,454 
6,657 
5,966 
5,310 
6,233 
6,124 
5,059 
2,472 


605,283 


205,714 
109,909 
40,058 
31,959 
47,346 
38,189 
15,691 
21,307 
17,265 
10,038 


616,921 


116,679 
92,070 
66,825 
50,576 
32,870 
37,847 
16,130 
16,903 
31,147 
11,797 


Per 
cent. 


3.0 
3.3 
2.3 
2.4 
0.8 


100.0 


45.1 
19.2 
8.6 
3.1 
2.8 
2.5 
2.9 
2.4 
2.4 
1.1 


100.0 


34.0 
18.2 
6.6 
5.3 
7.8 
6.3 
2.6 
3.5 
2.9 
1.7 


100.0 


18.9 
14.9 
10.8 
8.2 
5.3 
6.1 
2.6 
2.7 
5.0 
1.9 


1,063,655100.0 


223,575 
144,530 
114,384 
108,603 
43,763 
52,244 
38, 147 
32,662 
21,076 
29,594 


21.2 
13.7 
10.9 
10.3 
4.2 
5.0 
3.6 
3.1 
2.0 
2.8 


PER  CENT 

OF  TOTAL 

FOREIGN 

WHITE 

STOCK 

CONSISTING 

OF— 


1  Except  Porto  Rico. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


199 


It  wiU  be  noted  that  the  order  in  which  the  countries 
rank  as  contributors  to  the  foreign-bom  white  popu- 
lation, taken  by  itself,  is  not  always  the  same  as  the 
order  in  which  they  rank  as  contributors  to  the  total 
foreign  white  stock.  Germany  ranlcs  first  as  country 
of  origin  of  the  foreign  white  stock  in  all  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  except  the  New  England  and  Moun- 
tain divisions,  where  first  place  is  held  by  Canada  and 
England,  respectively.  The  second  place  is  occupied 
by  Ireland  in  the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic, 
East  North  Central,  South  Atlantic,  East  South 
Central,  and  Pacific  divisions ;  by  Norway  in  the  West 
North  Central;  by  Mexico  in  the  West  South  Central; 
and  by  Germany  in  the  Mountain  division. 

Table  9  shows  also,  for  each  country  of  origin,  the  pro- 
portion of  the  total  foreign  white  stock  which  consists, 
respectively,  of  white  persons  themselves  bom  abroad 
and  of  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 
The  differences  in  the  relative  importance  of  these  two 
classes  which  appear  in  the  statistics  already  presented 
for  the  United  States  as  a  whole  usually  appear  also  in 
the  statistics  for  each  geographic  division.  In  the  case 
of  the  stock  derived  from  the  countries  from  wliich  most 
of  the  earlier  immigration  came,  there  are  usually 
more  natives  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  than  per- 
sons themselves  foreign  bom,  while  the  opposite  is  the 


case  with  respect  to  the  stock  derived  from  countries 
from  which  immigration  has  chiefly  been  drawn  during 
recent  years. 

Table  10  gives  percentages  computed  from  Table  13, 
showing  the  distribution  of  the  foreign  white  stock  from 
each  country  of  origin  among  the  several  geographic 
divisions.  The  percentages  in  this  table  bear  a  general 
similarity  to  those  in  Table  7,  which  shows  the  distri- 
bution of  the  persons  themselves  born  abroad.  This 
is  naturally  the  case,  since  most  of  the  native  whites 
of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  having  a  given  country 
of  origin  reside  in  the  sections  of  the  country  in  which 
their  parents  settled. 

Foreign  born  and  foreign  white  stock,  by  states. — 
Table  14,  pages  204  to  207,  shows,  for  1910  and  1900, 
the  number  of  the  foreign  bom  in  each  state  classified 
according  to  country  of  birth,  while  Table  15,  pages  208 
and  209,  shows,  for  1910,  the  number  of  the  native  whites 
of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  classified  according  to  the 
country  of  birth  of  the  foreign-born  parent  or  parents. 
In  the  case  of  most  countries  of  origin,  the  approximate 
total  foreign  white  stock  resident  in  a  given  state  may 
be  obtained  by  adding  the  figures  in  Table  14  to  those 
in  Table  15,  since  in  most  cases  the  total  number  of  for- 
eign born  from  a  given  country  is  practically  the  same  as 
the  number  of  foreign-born  whites  from  that  country. 


Table  10 


DIVISION  or  RESIDENCE. 


PER  CENT  or  rOBEiaN  WHITE   STOCK  WITH  SPECIFIED  COUNTRY  OT  ORIGIN:  1910 


Total 
pop- 
ula- 
tion. 


Total 

for. 

eign 
white 
stock. 


O 


flO 


5  ° 


m 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


100.0 
7.1 
21.0 
19.8 
12.7 
13.3 
9.1 
9.6 
2.9 
4. 


100.0 
12.0 
32.3 
25.4 
15.0 
2.3 
0.9 
3.0 
3.3 
5.9 


100.0 

65.4 
&2 

15.6 
6.5 
0.2 
0.1 
0.4 
1.4 
2.2 


100.0 

27.2 
13.6 
29.3 
12.9 
0.9 
0.4 
1.2 
4.0 
10.4 


100.0 
3.5 
9.1 
23.1 
37.6 
0.6 
0.3 
1.5 
IZl 
12  1 


100.0 

13.8 

32.4 

21.7 

10.6 

2.8 

1.1 

2.3 

7.4 

8.0 


100.0 
10.1 
8.3 
36.0 
24.0 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
6.7 
14.2 


100.0 
6.5 
28.3 
21.7 
11.2 
2.6 
2.4 
10.1 
3.4 
13.8 


100. 0| 

2.1 

26.8 

38.3 

19.3 

2.7 

1.5 

3.3 

1.6 

4.2 


100.0 
16.5 
16.4 
18.2 
13.3 
4.8 
1.5 
2.0 
12.3 
14.9 


100.0 
3. 

55.7 
30.7 
5.0 
2.0 
0.4 

a 

0.9 
1.1 


100.0 

21.7 
42.7 
15.7 
8.2 
2.5 
1.1 
1.3 
2.1 
4.7 


100.0 

1.3 
19.8 
52.3 
18.7 
0.5 
0.4 
0.8 
2.5 
3.7 


100.0 
1.4 
3.1 
25.1 
55.5 
0.3 
0.1 
0.7 
3.3 
8.5 


100.0 

11.5 

54.4 

16.7 

9.2 

3.2 

0.6 

1.2 

1.2 

2.1 


100.0 

14.8 

32.0 

20.1 

11.2 

3.3 

1.3 

2.3 

6.4 


100.0 

9.3 

11.7 

26.8 

36.1 

0.4 

0.3 

1.2 

5.4 


100.0 

2.2 
20.3 
31.1 
18.9 
1.7 
2.6 
3.4 
5.4 
14.4 


100.0 
3.3 
43.9 
23.4 
11.3 
2.3 
1.0 
1.2 
8.0 
5.5 


TJBBAN  AND  RUBAL  COMMTTNITIES. 

Table  11  shows,  for  1910,  for  the  United  States  as  a 
whole,  the  number  of  persons  born  in  each  of  the  lead- 
ing foreign  countries,  clavssified  as  resident  in  urban  or 
in  mra]  communities,  with  corresponding  percentages. 
Urban  communities,  as  defined  by  the  Census  Bureau, 
include  all  cities  and  other  incorporated  places  of  2,500 
inhabitants  or  more,  including  New  England  towns 
of  that  population. 

The  foreign  bom  from  most  countries  have  settled 
mainly  in  urban  communities.  While  considerably 
less  than  half  (46.3  per  cent)  of  the  total  population 
of  the  United  States  in  1910  was  urban,  72.1  per  cent 
of  the  foreign-born  population  was  urban.  There  are, 
however,  striking  differences  in  this  respect  among  the 


natives  of  the  several  foreign  countries.  In  1910  more 
than  five-sixths  of  those  from  Roumania,  the  West 
Indies,  Russia,  Turkey  in  Asia,  and  Ireland  resided  in 
urban  communities,  while  more  than  three-fourths  of 
those  from  Canada  who  were  of  French  descent,  and 
of  those  from  Turkey  in  Europe,  Italy,  and  Hungary 
were  urban,  and  more  than  seven-tenths  of  those 
from  China,  England,  Scotland,  Austria,  and  Greece. 
On  the  other  hand,  less  than  half  of  the  foreign 
born  from  Mexico,  Norway,  Denmark,  and  Japan 
were  in  urban  communities,  and  the  proportion  was 
comparatively  low  also  in  the  case  of  persons  bom 
in  Finland,  in  Bulgaria,  Servia,  or  Montenegro,  in 
Switzerland,  and  in  the  Netherlands.  Of  natives  of 
Germany — the   most  important  class  in  the  foreign- 


200 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


bom  population — almost  exactly  two-thirds  lived  in 
urban  communities. 

In  general,  the  immigrants  from  the  countries  of 
southern  and  eastern  Europe,  who  have  come  mainly 
during  recent  years,  have  settled  in  cities  to  a  greater 


extent  than  the  immigrants  from  northwestern  Europe, 
most  of  whom  came  at  an  earlier  period.  The  Irish, 
however,  although  most  of  them  came  at  an  earher 
period,  have  manifested  a  conspicuous  preference  for 
urban  life. 


Table  11 

COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 


All  foreisn  countries 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro 

Canada— French 

Canada— Other 

China 

Cuba  and  other  West  Indies  > 

Denmark 

England 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 


TOREIQN-BORN  POPULATION:   1910 


Urban. 


9,745,697 


850,507 

29,449 

10,958 

313, 184 

667,801 

41,936 
42,977 
87,762 
637,105 
64,810 

82,078 

1,669,316 

72,290 

383,297 

1,144,997 


Rural. 


3,770,189 


324,466 
19,951 
10,553 
71,899 

251,753 

14,820 

4,658 

93,897 

240,614 

64,870 

35,340 
832,018 

28,992 
112,312 
207,254 


Per 

cent 

urban. 


72.1 


72.4 
59.6 
50.9 
81.3 
69.3 

73.9 
90.2 
48.3 
72.6 
50.0 


66.7 
71.4 
77.3 

84.7 


Per 
cent 
rural. 


27.9 


27.6 
40.4 
49.1 
18.7 
30.7 

26.1 
9.8 
51.7 
27.4 
50.0 

30.1 
33.3 
28.6 
22.7 
15.3 


COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH. 


Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

Norway 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

All  other  countries 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION:  1910 


Urban. 


1,049,390 
32,908 
75,947 
65,880 

170,615 

41,335 

60,593 

1,393,965 

189,090 
14,640 

402,815 
67,299 

51,789 
25,628 
54,418 
50,929 


Rural. 


293,735 
34,836 

145,968 
54,183 

233,262 

18,025 
5,330 

208,817 

71,986 

7,468 

262,392 

57,649 

7,940 
6,602 
28,070 
20,629 


Per 

cent 

urban. 


78.1 
48.6 
34.2 

54.9 

42.2 
69.6 
91.9 
87.0 

72.4 
66.2 
60.6 
53.9 


79.5 
66.0 
71.2 


Per 
cent 
rural. 


21.9 
51.4 
65.8 
45.1 

57.8 

30.4 

8.1 

13.0 

27.6 
33.8 
39.4 
46.1 

13.3 
20.5 
34.0 
28.8 


Except  Porto  Rico. 


Table  12  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  num- 
ber of  the  foreign  born  from  each  of  the  leading  for- 
eign countries  living  in  urban  and  rural  communities, 
respectively,  together  with  the  percentage  urban.  It 
should,  of  course,  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  are  great 
differences  among  the  divisions  with  respect  to  the 
percentage  of  urban  dwellers  in  the  total  population, 
which  for  comparison  is  also  shown  in  the  table. 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

Table  16,  page  210,  shows,  for  1910  and  1900,  the 
foreign-born  population  of  each  city  of  250,000  inhab- 
itants or  more,  distributed  according  to  country  of 
bu*th,  while  Table  17,  pages  211  to  213,  gives  similar 
data,  for  1910  only,  for  cities  having  from  25,000  to 
250,000  inhabitants.  The  tables  bring  out  striking 
differences  among  the  cities  with  respect  to  the  rela- 
tive importance  of  the  different  countries  in  con- 
tributing to  the  foreign-born  population.  Table  16 
also  shows  that  many  striking  changes  occurred  be- 
tween 1900  and  1910. 

New  York  City  in  1910  contained  one-nineteenth 
of  the  total  population  of  the  United  States  and  about 
one-seventh  of  the  total  foreign-born  population.  Of 
the  1,944,357  residents  of  the  city  who  were  born 
abroad,  484,193  were  natives  of  Russia,  340,770  of 
Italy,  278,137  of  Germany,  252,672  of  Ireland,  and 


190,246  of  Austria,  no  other  country  being  repre- 
sented by  as  many  as  100,000. 

Of  the  783,428  foreign-born  residents  of  Chicago  in 
1910,  182,289  were  born  in  Germany,  132,063  in 
Austria,  121,786  in  Russia,  65,965  in  Ireland,  and 
63,035  in  Sweden,  less  than  50,000  being  natives  of 
any  other  single  country. 

The  following  tabular  statement  names  for  each  of 
the  cities  having  over  250,000  inhabitants  m  1910  the 
two  countries  having  the  largest  representation  among 
the  foreign-born  population: 


Baltimore 

Boston 

Buffalo 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Detroit 

Jersey  City  . . . 
Los  Angeles... 
Milwaukee . . . 
Minneapolis  . . 
New  Orleans. 

New  York 

Newark 

Philadelphia  . 
Pittsburgh  . . . 

St.  Louis 

San  Francisco 
Washington . . 


LEADINQ  COUNTRIES  OF  ORIGIN 
OF  FOBEiaN  -  BOEN  POPULA- 
TION: 1910 


First. 


Germany 
Ireland  . . 
Germany 
Germany 
Germany 
Austria.. 
Germany 
Germany 
Germany 
Germany 
Sweden. - 

Italy 

Russia... 
Germany 
Russia. . . 
Germany 
Germany 
Germany 
Ireland . . 


Second. 


Russia. 

Canada. 

Canada. 

Austria. 

Hungary. 

Germany. 

Canada. 

Ireland. 

Canada. 

Russia. 

Norway. 

Germany. 

Italy. 

Russia. 

Ireland. 

Russia. 

Russia. 

Irdand. 

Germany. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


201 


PERSONS  BORN  IN  THE  LEADING  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES,  RESIDING  IN  URBAN  AND  RURAL  COMMUNITIES,  BY 

DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  12 

COXn«TRY  OF  BIRTH. 


NEW  ENOLAMD. 


Urban.       Rnral 


Total  population . . . 

Total  foreign  bora 

Austria 

Canada— French 

Canada— Other 

Denmark 

Ellwand 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hongary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) . . . 
Norway 

Russia 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 


5,455,345 


1,097,336 


1,688,187 


63,875 
253,256 
211,306 
6,650 
146,068 

11,802 
«,W8 
64,479 
16,616 
1S,«S4 

330,533 
168,703 

lao 

2,028 
7,732 

184,280 

44,963 

64,698 

3,  lis 

3,147 


U8,S23 


5,708 
24,901 

36,778 
1,039 
9,874 

2,337 
946 

5,788 
MS 
973 

13,953 

10,727 

18 

116 

716 

8,419 
3,486 
6,a» 

m 

566 


MIDDLE  ATUNnC. 


Urban.        Rural 


13,723,373 


5,592,519 


4,073,U1 


422,703 
16,761 
94,120 
16,798 

244,792 

10,999 
31,945 

644,737 
14,741 

199,833 

538,382 

651,256 

729 

18,232 

29,977 

823,527 
70,834 
68,215 
35,190 
39,649 


778,062 


130,834 
10,251 
27.237 
3,S39 
61,568 

1,814 

7,770 

110,256 

1,152 

68,118 

77,374 

132,511 

76 

8,349 

2,707 

69,961 
18,161 
19,504 
6,166 
8,272 


EAST  NORTH  CENTB  AL. 


Urban.        Rural 


9,617,271 


2,195,174 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


8,633,350 


878,592 


264,659 
27,132 

143,786 
25,293 

110,574 

16,830 
11,401 

616,208 
15,476 

140,743 

140,681 
111,023 
470 
37,011 
50,136 

247,067 
83,628 

123,814 
16,617 
11,752 


52,810 
19,482 
82,740 
17,582 
59,615 

26,612 

7,614 

306,235 

2,440 

21,518 

38,585 
35,805 
450 
23,650 
49,066 

27,926 
15,068 
54,326 
16,613 
6,507 


Urban.        Rural. 


3,873,716 


633,869 


50,780 
7,986 
36,547 
17,350 
32,585 

11,517 

4,217 

153,327 

7,436 

16,335 

44,717 

24,246 

3,440 

3,351 

47,082 

53,513 
9,758 

83,636 
7,090 
2,620 


SOTHB  ATLANTIC. 


Urban.      Rural 


7,764,205    3,092,153 


9,102,742 


882, 82S       198,996 


65,507 
0,984 
48,382 
46,560 
36,467 

18,075 
5,468 
273,212 
6,553 
7,937 

33,897 
13,992 
7,387 
17,669 
151,704 

65,171 
12,069 
129,895 
12,061 
5,220 


10,736 

458 

4,603 

601 

13,256 

159 

1,733 

45,261 

3,386 

2,870 

20,793 

19,137 

203 

357 

846 

40,701 

3,650 

1,686 

1,047 

885 


100,998 


9,548 
305 

3.315 
575 

9,555 

293 
1,028 
17.996 
1,244 
7,730 

6,692 

19, 147 

39 

273 

623 

8,448 
3,495 
1,298 
1,029 
1.122 


EAST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 


Urban.      Rural 


1,574,229 


58,534 


1,518 
202 

2,032 
247 

4,685 

43 

1,083 

20,325 

1,187 

1,085 

7,475 

4,602 

116 

207 

256 

6,782 
1,399 

732 
1,352 

362 


6,835,672 


29,291 


1,472 
129 

1,140 
310 

3,121 

122 
750 
8,198 
210 
657 

2,649 

3,581 

110 

172 

243 

1,371 

1,104 

866 

1,396 


Table  12— Continued. 


COUNfllT  OF  BIKTH. 


Total  population . . . 

Total  foreign  bom 

Austria 

Canada— French 

Canada— Other 

Denmark 

England 

Finland 

France 

Oermany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland)... 
Norway 

Russia 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 


WEST  SOVTB 
CENTRAL. 


Urban. 


1,957,456 


6,827,078 


US,7S5 


4,633 
536 

4,001 
883 

8,485 

139 

5,554 

25,948 

1,280 

664 

8,124 

14,647 

42,156 

878 

1,070 

6,m 

2,038 

2,330 

1,471 

401 


Rural. 


tu,a7 


22,091 

509 

3,624 

1,363 

6,599 

172 

2,748 

43,813 

473 

1,293 

3,870 

17,039 

86,761 

534 

1,437 

7,400 
2,115 
4,143 
2,397 
495 


MotniTAor. 


Urban. 


947,511 


179,668 


10,838 
2,099 

14,202 
6,187 

25,066 

3,329 
1,653 
19,632 
3,993 
1,727 

14,599 
10,268 
12,447 
1,781 
5,157 

8,578 
6,533 
15,736 
3,338 
2,654 


Rural. 


Urban. 


1,686,006 


373,660 


21,490 
3,177 
17,134 
11,044 
29,288 

5,825 
2,614 
23,266 
9,276 
2,569 

13,274 
24,165 
33,346 
1,886 
9,972 

10,016 
8,621 

19,749 
4,632 
3,503 


2,382,329 


581, 4» 


20,745 
4,805 
57,205 
13,643 
51,604 

9,992 
14,504 
79,398 
8,266 
4.106 

49,603 
45,506 
16,266 
3,535 
38,360 

22,807 
16,298 
42,138 
9,061 
2,948 


Rnnl. 


1,800,975 


374,399 


14,406 
3,161 
31,397 
11,585 
24,527 

9,620 
6,402 
44,255 
7,396 
1,518 

17,960 
36,768 
17,772 
2,544 
16,794 

10,085 

7,885 

26,372 

12,740 

2,029 


PER  CENT  or  PERSONS  BORN  IN  SPECIFIED  COUNTET  AND  LIVINQ 
IN   SPEaFIED   DmSION  WHO   UVE  IX   URBAN  COMMUNITIES. 


New 


Ian 


no. 


M.4 


91.8 
91.0 
85.2 
86.5 
93.7 

83.5 
91.3 
91.8 
98.5 
94.3 

95.8 
94.0 
87.0 
94.6 
91.5 

95.6 
92.9 
91.2 
83.8 
85.0 


Mid- 
dle At* 
lantic 


71.0 


84.0 


76.4 
62.1 
77.6 
81.4 
79.9 

85.8 
80.4 
85.4 
92.8 
74.6 

87.4 
83.1 
90.6 
68.6 
91.7 

92.2 
79.6 
77.8 
80.4 

78.2 


East 
North 
Cen- 
tral. 


52.7 


71.4 


83.4 
58.2 
63.5 
59.0 
65.0 

38.7 
60.0 
66.9 
86.4 
86.7 

78.5 
75.6 
50.6 
62.0 
50.5 

89.8 
60.0 
60.5 
50.0 
64.4 


33.3  !    25.4 


39.8 


43.7 
44.3 
43.0 
27.1 
47.2 

38.9 
43.5 
35.9 
53.2 
67.3 

56.9 
63.4 
31.8 
15.9 
23.7 

45.1 
44.7 
39.2 
37.0 
33.4 


66.3 


52.9 
60.0 
58.1 
54.6 
58.1 

35.2 
62.8 
71.6 
73.1 
27.1 

75.7 
50.0 
83.9 
56.7 
57.6 

82.8 
51.1 
56.5 
50.4 
44.1 


East 
South 
Cen- 
tral. 


18.7 


66.6 


50.8 
61.0 
63.9 
44.3 
60.0 

26.1 
59.1 
71.3 
85.0 
62.3 

73.8 
56.2 
51.3 
54.6 
51.3 

83.2 
55.9 
45.8 
49.2 
49.7 


West 
South 
Cen- 
tral. 


22.3 


39.4 


17.0 
51.3 
52.5 
39.6 
56.3 

44.7 
66.9 
37.2 
73.2 
33.9 

67.7 
46.2 
32.7 
41.4 
42.7 

47.6 
49.1 
35.9 
39.0 
44.8 


Moun- 
tain. 


Pa- 
dflc. 


50.8 


39.6 


33.5 
39.8 
45.3 
35.9 
46.1 

36.4 
38.7 
45.8 
30.1 
40.2 

54.3 
29.8 
27.2 
48.6 
34.1 

46.1 
43.1 
44.3 
33.5 
43.1 


60.8 


59.0 
60.3 
64.6 
54.1 

67.8 

50.9 
(i9.4 
64.2 
52.8 
73.0 

73.5 
55.3 
47.8 
49.9 
62.8 

69.3 
67.4 
61.5 
41.6 
50.2 


202 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

FOREIGN  WHITE  STOCK  BY  COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  13 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


AU  foreign  countries 32, 243, 382 


UNITED  STATES. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


-Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro. 

Canada — French , 

Canada — Other 


Ouba  and  other  West  Indies '. 

Denmark 

England 

Finland 

France 


Germany. 

Greece 

Hungary. 
Ireland . . . 
Italy 


Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland). 

Norway 

Portuj^ 

Koumania 


Russia 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland . 


Ttttkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

All  other  coim tries 

Of  mixed  foreign  parentage  s. 


2,001,559 

89,264 

22,685 

932,238 

1,822,377 

41,842 

400,064 

2,322,442 

211,026 

292,389 

8,282,618 

109,665 

700,227 

4,504,360 

2,098,360 

382,002 
293,574 
979,099 
111,122 
87,721 

2,541,649 
659,663 
33,134 

1,364,215 
301,650 

78,631 

35,314 

248,947 

118,453 

1,177,092 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


6.2 
0.3 
0.1 
2.9 
5.7 

0.1 
1.2 
7.2 
0.7 
0.9 

25.7 
0.3 
2.2 

14  0 
6.5 

1.2 
0.9 
3.0 
0.3 
0.3 

7.9 
2.0 
0.1 
4.2 
0.9 

0.2 
0.1 
0.8 
0.4 
3.7 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


13,345,545 


1,174,924 

49,397 

21,451 

385,083 

810,987 

23,169 
181,621 
876, 455 
129,669 
117,236 

2,501,181 

101,264 

495,000 

1,352,155 

1,343,070 

219,802 
120,053 
403,858 
57,623 
65,920 

1,602,752 
261,034 
21,977 
665,183 
124,834 

59,702 
32,221 
82,479 
64,845 


Native 
white  of 
foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


18, 897, 837 


826,635 

39,867 

1,234 

547,155 

1,011,390 

18,673 

218,443 

1,445,987 

81,357 

175,153 

5,781,437 
8,401 

204,627 
3,152,205 

755,290 

162,200 
173,521 
575,241 
53,499 
21,801 

938,897 
398,629 
11,157 
699,032 
176,816 

18,929 

3,093 

166,468 

53,608 

1,177,092 


NEW  ENGLAND. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


3, 867, 095 


107,127 

4,159 

386 

609,241 

495,143 

2,212 
14,199 
320,834 
21,378 
18,985 

176,945 

18,131 

26,016 

978,352 

277,361 

197 
3,910 
13,367 
53,721 
2,821 

291,618 
97,740 

1,767 
126,471 

6,620 

24,377 
8,250 
8,225 

29,569 
127,973 


100.0 


2.8 
0.1 
(') 
15.8 
12.8 

0.1 
0.4 
8.3 
0.6 
0.5 

4.6 
0.5 
0.7 
25.3 
7.2 

0) 
0.1 
0.3 
1.4 
0.1 

7.5 
2.5 
0) 
3.3 
0.2 

0.6 
a2 
0.2 
0.8 
3.3 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


1,814,386     2,052,709 


Native 
white  of 

foreign  or 
mixed. 

parentage, 


69,583 

3,264 

323 

278, 156 

245,859 

1,276  i 

7,685 

155,675 

14, 139 

10,917 

70,261 
16,764 
16,907 
334, 475 
179,428 

132 
2,139 
8,447 
32,453 
2,054 

192,697 
48,413 

1,158 
70,774 

3,716 

19,237 
7,663 
3,702 

17,090 


37,544 

895 

63 

331,085 

249,284 

936 

6,514 

165, 159 

7,239 

8,068 

106,684 
1,367 
9,109 

643,877 
97,933 

65 

1,771 

4,920 

21,268 

767 

98,921 
49,327 
609 
55,697 
2,905 

5,140 

587 

4,523 

12,479 

127,973 


MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


873,467 
16,426 
2,852 
76,146 

247,729 

13,009 
36,326 
752,940 
17,451 
82,824 

2,222,900 

18,009 

389,738 

1,922,099 

1,229,462 

1,153 
58,081 
49,719 

1,827 
60,491 

1,382,493 

211,237 

6,892 

160,208 

61,143 

20,982 

9,136 

109,310 

21,409 
361,972 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


8.4 
0.2 
(0 
0.7 
2.4 

0.1 
0.3 
7.2 
0.2 
0.8 

21.3 
0.2 
3.7 
18.5 
11.8 

(1) 
0.6 
0.5 

(1) 
0.6 

13.3 
2.0 
0.1 
1.5 
0.6 

0.2 
0.1 
1.0 
0.2 
3.5 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


553,546 

10,600 

2,561 

27,012 

119,959 

8,212 

20,625 

305,826 

12,811 

39,663 

754,939 
15,893 
267,949 
616,717 
783,758 

743 
26,577 
32,680 

%1 
44,401 

893,498 
88,975 
4,564 
87,717 
31,344 

16,358 
8,141 
37,916 
13,233 


Table  13— Continued. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL, 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


All  foreign  countries 

Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro 

Ganada — French 

Canada — Other 

Guba  and  other  West  ladies  2 

Denmark 

England 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland) 

Norway 

Portugal 

Tloumania 

Bus,sia , 

Scotland , 

Spain 

Sweden , 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  Asia , 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales , 

All  other  countries 

Of  mixed  foreign  parentage  ^ 


8,175,654 


556,527 
46,223 
5,253 
145,255 
533,884 

1,191 

92,602 

503,985 

76,042 

63,430 

3,172,097 

19,943 

214,885 

706,740 

226,150 

1,212 
153,496 
246,136 

1,431 
11,894 

424,124 

132,743 

1,100 

365,310 


10,170 

7,936 

58,348 

16, 265 

287,385 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


6.8 
0.6 
0.1 
1.8 
6.5 

0) 
1.1 
6.2 
0.9 
0.8 

38.8 
0.2 
2.6 
8.6 
2.8 

0) 
1.9 
3.0 

0) 
0.1 

5.2 
1.6 
0) 
4.5 
1.1 

0.1 
0.1 
0.7 
0.2 
3.5 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


3,067,220 


317, 462 

22,925 

4,916 

46,614 

223,672 

596 
42,872 
170, 131 
43,442 
19,004 

921,417 
17,914 
162, 259 
179, 257 
146, 824 

905 

59, 661 

99,190 

505 

9,945 

274,993 

48,712 

603 

178, 138 
33,229 

7,887 
7,411 
18,258 
8,478 


Native. 

white  of 

foreign 

or  mixed 

parentage. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


5,108,434 


4,827,934 


239,065 

23,298 

337 

98,641 

310,212 

595 
49, 730 
333,854 
32,600 
44,426 

2,250,680 

2,029 

52,626 

527,483 

79,326 

307 

93, 835 

146,946 

926 

1,949 

149, 131 
84,031 

497 
187, 172 
60,668 

2,283 

525 

40,090 

7,787 
287,385 


256,972 

11,832 

4,697 

61,047 

235,172 

787 
150,465 
245,227 
50,711 
32,863 

1,601,182 

14,631 

35,  111 

369,020 

55,123 

11,296 

54,961 

543,681 

203 

7,012 

232, 940 

73,652 

1,060 

491, 949 
56, 971 

5,425 
3,252 
28,129 
12,467 
180,096 


Per 

cent. 


100.0 


5.3 
0.2 
0.1 
1.3 
4.9 

0) 
3.1 
5.1 
1.1 
0.7 

33.2 
0.3 
0.7 
7.6 
1.1 

0.2 
1.1 

11.3 

(') 
0.1 

4.8 
1.5 

(1) 

10.2 
1.2 

0.1 
0.1 
0.6 
0.3 
3.7 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


1,613,231 


116,281 

6,146 

4,574 

17,920 

84,055 

349 
63,908 
69,027 
29,591 
9,681 

426,531 
13,989 
24,271 

78,607 
38,234 

10,696 

21,010 

198, 785 

89 

5,401 

118,682 

21,814 

678 

213, 530 
19, 171 

3,873 
3,049 
7,840 
5,449 


Native 
white  of 

foreign 
or  mixed 
parentage. 


3.214,703 


140, 691 

5,686 

123 

43,127 

151, 117 

438 
86,557 
176,200 
21,120 
23,182 

1,174,651 

642 

10,840 

290,413 

16,889 

600 

33,951 

344,896 

114 

1,611 

114,258 

51,838 

382 

278, 419 
37,800 

1,552 

203 

20,289 

7,018 

180,096 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number, 


730,398 


33,320 

1,699 

196 

1,963 

17,165 

21,475 
2,522 

64,317 

620 

7,487 

226,285 
5,294 

14, 154 
111,597 

55,206 

338 
1,528 
3,101 

314 
1,479 

82,203 
21,692 
6,764 
6,062 
5,178 

3,987 
1,845 
5,791 
3,648 
23,168 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


4.6 
0.2 
(>) 
0.3 
2.4 

2.9 
0.3 
8.8 
0.1 
1.0 

31.0 
0.7 
1.9 

16.3 
7.6 

0) 
0.2 
0.4 

0) 
0.2 

11.3 
3.0 
0.9 
0.8 
0.7 

0.5 
0.3 
0.8 
0.5 
3.2 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


290, 555 


20,272 

1,135 

174 

763 

7,725 

11,229 
1,263 

22,582 

452 

2,747 

63,239 
4,629 
10,599 
27,471 
38,277 

203 
629 

1,468 
143 

1,055 

49, 141 
7,143 
4,954 
2,981 
2,071 

2,770 
1,650 
2,006 
1,784 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

'  Except  Porto  Rico. 

» Native  whites  whose  parents  were  born  In  different  foreign  countries;  for  example,  one  parent  In  Ireland  and  the  other  in  Scotland. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

FOREIGN    WHITE    STOCK  BY  COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN,   BY  DIVISIONS:    1910— Continued. 


203 


'I'able  13— Continued  ' 


COUNTBY  OF  ORIGIN. 


EAST  SOUTH  CENTBAL. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Num- 
l)er. 


All  f orei^  coantries. .   301, 834 


Austria 

Belgium 

Bulgaria,    Servia, 

Montenegro 

"Canada— 'French . . . 
Canada— Other 


and 


Cuba  and   other   West 

Indies' 

Denmark 

England .*. 

Finland 

Franco 


■Germany. 

Greece 

Hungary. 
Ireland . . . 
Italy 


Mexico 

Netherlands  (Holland). 

Norway 

Portugal 

Roumania 


■Russia 

Scotland 

Spain , 

Sweden , 

Switzerland. 


Turkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Wales 

AH  other  countries 

sOf  mixed  foreign  parent- 
age'  


5,461 
364 

247 
1,028 
7,709 


324 

1,305 

26,230 

320 
6,888 

125, 572 

1,642 

2,570 

51,346 

14,838 

340 

1,031 

1,161 

39 

456 

14,118 
8,736 
745 
3,580 
7,872 

2,0SO 

394 

2,433 

1,434 

11,621 


Per 
cent. 


100. 0 


1.8 
0.1 

0.1 
0.3 
2.6 


0.1 
0.4 
a7 
0.1 
2.3 

41.6 
0.5 
0.9 

17.0 
4.9 

0.1 
0.3 
0.4 

^.^2 

4.7 
2.9 

a2 

1.2 

2.6 

0.7 
0.1 
0.8 
0.6 


For- 
eign 
bom 
white. 


8«,8S7 


2,989 
162 

196 

331 

3,096 


157 
557 

7,776 
165 

1,829 

28,516 
1,397 
1,742 

10,123 
8,181 

209 
379 
499 
7 
317 

8,152 
2,503 
201 
1,597 
2,748 

1,392 
282 
729 
626 


Native 
•  white 

of  for- 
eign or 

mixed 
parent- 


214,977 


2,472 
202 

51 

697 

4,613 


167 

748 

18,454 

155 

5,069 

97,056 
245 
828 

41,223 
6,657 

131 
652 
662 
32 
139 

6,906 
6,233 
644 
1,983 
5,124 

638 

112 

1,704 

809 

11,621 


WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


954,042 


67,376 
1,808 

468 
3,642 
22,277 


1,360 
5,922 

53,203 
466 

29,549 

275,451 
2,192 
3,4i>4 
69,331 
63,645 

237,893 

2,435 

6,493 

454 

574 

29,799 
14,933 
3,582 
16.498 
10,386 

3,787 

818 

3,097 

4,263 

28.996 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


7.1 
0.2 

^\ 
2.3 


0.1 
0.6 
5.6 
(') 
3.1 

2a9 

0.2 
0.4 
6.2 

a7 

24.9 
0.3 
0.7 

ii\ 

3.1 
1.6 

a4 

1.7 
1.1 

0.4 
0.1 
0.3 
0.4 

3.0 


For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 


348,759 


27,318 
921 


1,045 
7,609 


523 
2,254 
15,014 

310 
8,242 

69,737 

1,762 

1,956 

11,985 

31,086 

127,984 

912 

2,605 

171 

435 

14,108 
4,161 
1,613 
6,460 
3,767 

2,616 
612 
896 

1,873 


Native 
white 
of  for- 
eign or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 


605,283 


40,058 
887 

73 
2,497 
14,768 


837 

3,668 

38,189 

156 

21,307 

205,714 

430 

1,498 

47,346 

31,959 

109,909 

1,523 

3,988 

283 

139 

15,691 
10,782 

1,969 
10,038 

b,619 

1,172 

206 

2,201 

2,380 

28,996 


MOUNTAIN. 


Total  foreign 
white  Stock. 


Number. 


1,053,831 


49,228 
1,634 

4,848 
13,509 
73,239 


286 

48,377 

171,028 

14,078 

9,981 

134,967 
13.438 
6,402 
93,097 
60,562 

78,029 
7,223 

32,136 
764 
902 

30,389 
42,087 
3,680 
73,329 
16,187 

1,729 
1,379 
19,810 
4,822 

66,091 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 


4.7 
0.2 

0.5 
1.3 
6.9 


(») 
4.6 

ia2 

1.3 
0.9 

12.8 
1.3 
0.6 
8.9 
4.8 

7.4 
0.7 
3.0 
0.1 

ai 

2.9 
4.0 
0.3 
7.0 
1.5 

0.2 
0.1 
1.9 
0.5 

6.8 


For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 


436,910 


32,325 


4.720 
5,276 
30,896 


152 
17,230 
54,349 
9.151 
4,264 

42,897 
13,266 
4,296 
26,872 
34,432 

45, 159 

3,667 

15, 126 

519 

724 

18,592 
15, 142 

3,143 
35,482 

6,970 

1,243 
1,320 
6,157 
2,560 


Native 
white 
of  for- 
eign or 
mixed 
parent- 


616,921 


16,903 
654 

128 
8,233 
42,343 


134 

31, 147 

116,679 

4,927 

5,717 

92,070 
172 
2,106 
66,825 
16,130 

32,870 

3,556 

17,010 

245 

178 

11,797 
26,945 
537 
37,847 
9,217 

486 

59 

13,653 

2,262 

66,091 


Total  foreign 
white  stock. 


Number. 


1,915,103 


100.0 


52,081 
5,119 

3,738 
20,507 
190,059 


1,198 
48,346 
184,678 
29,960 
40,382 

347,219 

16,385 

7,897 

212,178 

126,013 

51,544 
10,909 
83,305 
52,369 
2,092 

53,965 
56,843 
7,544 
120,748 
43,396 

6,144 

2,304 

13,804 

24,586 

99,790 


Per 
cent. 


2.7 
0.3 


0.2 
1.1 
9.9 


0.1 
2.5 
9.6 
1.6 
2.1 

18.1 
0.9 
0.4 

11.1 


2.7 
0.0 
4.3 
2.7 
0.1 

2.8 
3.0 
0.4 
6.3 
2.3 

0.3 
0.1 
0.7 
1.3 


For- 
eign- 
bom 
white. 


861,448 


35,148 
3,264 

3,592 

7,966 

88,216 


675 
25,227 
76,075 
19.608 
20,889 

123,644 
15,650 
5,621 
67,648 
82,250 

33,771 

5,079 

45,158 

22,775 

1,588 

32,889 
24,181 
5,063 
68,504 
21,819 

4,327 
2,093 
4,975 
13,753 


Native 
white 
of  for- 
eign or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 


1,053,655 


16,933 
1,855 

146 

12,541 

101,843 


523 
23,119 
108,603 
10,352 
19,493 

223,575 

735 

2,276 

144,530 

43,763 

17,773 

5,830 

38,147 

29,594 

504 

21,076 
32,662 
2,481 
.52,244 
21,577 

1,817 
211 

8,829 
10,833 

99,790 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

»  Except  Porto  Rico. 

•  Native  whites  whose  parents  were  bora  In  different  foreign  countries;  for  example,  one  parent  In  Ireland  and  the  other  In  Scotland. 


204 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  FOR  THE 


Tabic  14 

DIVISION  OR  STATE  AND  CENSUS  YEAR. 


TTNITED  STATES: 

IDIO 

1900 

1890 


New  England: 

1910 

1900 


Middle  Atlantic: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

East  North  Central: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

West  North  Central: 

1910 

1900 


South  Atlantic: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

East  South  Central: 

1910 

1900 

1890 

West  South  Central: 

1910 

1900 


Mountain: 
1910... 
1900..., 
1890..., 

Pacific: 
1910... 
1900.... 
1890.... 


NEW  ENGLAND. 
Maine: 

1910 

1900 

New  Hampshire: 

1910 

1900 

Vennont: 

1910 

1900 

Massachusetts: 

1910 

1900 

Rhode  Island: 

1910 

1900 

Connecticut: 

1910 

1900 


MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 
New  York: 

1910 

1900 

New  Jersey:  • 

1910 

1900 

Pennsylvania: 

1910 

1900 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 
Ohio: 

1910 

1900 

Indiana: 

1910 

1900 

Illinois: 

1910 

1900 

Michigan: 

1910 

1900 

Wisconsin: 

1910 

1900 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 
Minnesota: 

1910 

1900 

Iowa: 

1910 

1900 

Missouri: 

1910 

1900. 

North  Dakota: 

1910 

1900 


Total 
foreign 
bom. 


13,51S,886 
10,341,276 
9,249,560 


825, 110 
445,237 
142,432 

851,173 
317,559 

745,745 

073,766 
625,226 
510,924 

616,695 
533,248 
549,190 

299,994 
216,030 
208,525 

87,825 
90,568 
102, 114 

352, 192 
267,08" 
219,720 

453,322 
301,969 
257,279 

955,809 
544,352 
513,631 


110,562 
93,330 

96,667 
88,107 

49,921 
44,747 

1,059,245 
846,324 

179,141 
134,519 

329,574 
238,210 


2,748,011 
1,900,425 

660,788 
431,884 

1,442,374 
985,250 


598,374 
458,734 

159,663 
142,121 

,205,314 
966,747 

597,550 
541,653 

512,865 
515,971 


543,595 
505,318 


273, 765 
305,920 


229,779 
216,379 


156,654 
113,091 


PERSONS  BORN  IN- 


Austria.i 


1,174,973 
491,295 
241,377 


69,583 
23,564 
3,513 

553,557 

208,591 

70,290 

317,469 
131, 181 

74,475 

116,287 
76,216 
64,214 

20,284 
7,384 
3,862 

2,990 

1,514 

942 

27,324 
20,242 
13,155 

32,328 
12,744 
4,904 

35,151 
9,859 
6,022 


831 
203 

2,438 
712 

1,087 
353 

35,455 
12,931 

6,130 
1,457 

23,642 
7, 


245,004 
104,534 

56,779 
17,645 

251,774 
86,412 


72,887 
27,982 

11,831 
3,022 

163,025 
67,073 

31,034 
10,272 

38,692 
22,832 


37, 121 
20,896 

15,967 
13,156 

16,222 
8,275 

5,149 
2,802 


Bel- 
glum. 


49,400 
29,767 
22,639 


3,264 
1,168 

647 

10,601 
7,116 
5,136 

22,925 
14,629 
11,003 

6,146 
3,849 
3,371 

1,135 

248 
220 

162 
172 
163 

922 
670 
525 


482 
337 

3,265 
.,423 
1,237 


30 
23 

175 
25 

25 
18 

1,746 
510 

959 
383 

330 
209 


3,484 

1,787 

1,867 
1,197 

5,250 
4,132 


1,525 
600 

2,298 
2,576 

9,399 
4,394 

5,683 
2,647 

4,020 
4,412 


1,557 
957 


491 
1,000 


229 
154 


Bulga 
ria,  Ser- 
via,  and 
Monte- 
negro.5 


21,511 


2,562 


4,916 


4,577 


175 


196 


397 


4,733 


3,622 


32 


1,033 

122 

1,407 


1,697 
576 

1,875 
375 


2,421 


635 


451 


268 


Canada.3 


French. 


385,083 
395,126 
302,496 


278, 156 
275,435 
205,761 

27,012 
29,785 
23,593 

46,614 
55,554 
46,789 

17,920 
21,465 
18,924 

763 
636 

284 

331 
419 
124 

1,045 

1,041 

270 

5,276 
5,608 
3,361 

7,966 
0,183 
3,390 


35,013 
30,908 

40,865 
44,420 

14,643 
14,984 

134,659 
134,416 

34,087 
31,533 

18,889 
19,174 


24,563 
27,199 

1,203 
1,118 

1,246 
1,468 


2,310 
2,903 


7,440 
9,129 

28,083 
32,483 

7,992 
10,091 


11,062 
12,063 


944 
1,519 


779 
1,059 


Other. 


819,554 
784,796 
678,442 


China. 


56,756 

81,534 

106,701 


248,083 
235,755 
174,406 

121,357 
109,642 
86,469 

226,526 
242,091 
228,784 

84,929 
103,213 
107, 163 

7,918 
6,284 
5,128 

3,178 
2,960 
3,034 

7,625 
0,842 
4,725 

31,336 
26,582 
22,223 

88,602 
52,427 
46,510 


2,376 
3,162 


41,210 
36,169 

17,013 
14,547 

11,415 
10,671 

162,710 
158,753 

7,867 
7,744 


7,871 


90,336 

7,932 
6,014 

14,437 
13,292 


21,382 
19,864 

5,049 
4,~-' 

38,311 
41,466 

144,780 
151,915 

17,004 
23,860 


30,059 
35,516 

10,675 
14,168 

7,290 
7,667 


2,598 
3,836 
1,686 

6,882 
10,064 
5,000 

2,504 
2,459 
1,356 

1,010 
1,106 
1,169 

1,223 

1,652 

641 

313 
372 
229 

1,009 
1,430 
1,143 

4,684 
7,524 
11,671 

36,533 
53,091 
83,806 


65 
102 

53 
104 

7 
36 

1,873 
2,681 

215 
344 

385 
569 


4,482 
6,880 

932 
1,344 

1,468 
1,840 


398 


196 
201 

1,560 
1,462 

187 
245 

163 
203 


249 
163 


462 
442 


Cuba 
and 
other 
West 
Indies.* 


47,635 
25,435 
23,256 


3,101 
1,660 
1,547 

21,505 
8,399 


1,082 
726 


607 
366 


18,387 
12,500 
12,978 

499 
253 
168 

1,081 
827 
937 

276 
141 
136 

1,097 
563 
766 


40 
21 

37 
15 

2,287 
1,093 

316 
185 

341 
267 


17,483 
6,436 

1,917 
813 

2,106 
1,150 


246 
154 


551 
328 


272 
148 


Den- 
mark. 


181,649 
153,690 
132,543 


7, 

6,058 

3,958 

20,637 
15, 176 
11,239 

42,875 
40,498 
33,938 

63,910 
59,347 
55,695 

1,266 
879 
623 

557 
376 
345 

2,256 
1,699 
1,043 

17,231 
15,328 
13,843 

25,228 
14,329 
11,859 


England. 


Fin- 
land .<> 


877,719 
840, 513 
909,092 


929 

886 

131 
75 

172 
110 

3,405 
2,470 

328 

268 

2,724 
2,249 


12,544 

8,746 

5,059 


3,034 
2,631 


1,837 
1,468 

900 
783 

17,369 
15,686 

6,315 
6,390 

16,454 
16,171 


16, 137 
16,299 


17,961 
17,102 


1,729 
1,510 


5,366 
3,963 


155,932 
139,087 
133,569 

306,360 
295,944 
313,352 

170,189 
181,843 
211,758 

69,052 

78,526 
100,640 

22,811 
20,274 
21,520 

7,806 
8,608 
10,851 

15,084 
13,575 
13,760 

54,354 
50,766 
52,603 

76, 131 
51,890 
51,039 


5,651 
4,793 

4,862 
5,100 

2,464 
2,447 

92,658 
82,346 

27,834 
22,832 

22,463 
21,569 


146,870 
135,685 

50,375 
46,428 

109,115 
114,831 


43,347 
44,745 

9,783 
10,874 

60,363 
64,390 

42,737 
43,839 

13,959 
17,995 


12, 139 
12,022 


16,788 
21,027 


13,760 
15,666 


3,070 
2,909 


129,680 
62,641 


14,139 
6,231 


12,813 
5,403 


43,442 
24,890 


29,592 
12,746 


452 
171 


311 
191 


9,154 
5,305 


19,612 
7,626 


831 
179 

1,198 
321 

293 
53 

10,744 
5,104 

297 
132 

776 
442 


8,760 
4,048 

1,640 
367 

2,413 


3,988 
2,814 

215 
109 

2,390 
859 

31,144 
18,910 

5,705 
2,198 


26,637 
10,727 


140 

47 


120 

65 


1,186 
651 


France 


117,418 
104, 197 
113,174 


10,934 
7,573 
6,619 

39,715 
34,709 
34,190 

19,015 
20,602 
26,199 

9,685 
10,043 
12,416 

2,761 
2,376 
2,509 

1,833 
2,219 
2,699 

8,302 
9,428 
11,677 

4,267 
3,152 
3,122 

20,906 
14,096 
13,743 


Germany.  »^ 


290 
180 

169 
211 

219 
171 

5,926 
3,905 

1,711 
679 

2,619 
2,427 


23,472 
20,008 

6,240{ 
5,543 

10,003 
9,158 


4,838 
5,604 

2,388 
2,984 

7,972 
7,787 

2,421 
2,590 

1,396 
1,637 


1,460 
1,449 


1,618 
1,906 


2,794 
3,288 


265 
2611 


>  For  the  census  of  1890  persons  reported  as  born  In  Poland  are  included 
distributed  under  Austria,  Germany,  and  Russia,  respectively. 
» Included  under  "All  other  countries  "  for  1900  and  1890. 


19,131  30  9 

25,004  31  4 

under  "All  other  countries;"  for  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900  (so  far  as  possible)  they  are 
3  Included  Newfoundland  for  1900  and  1890. 
*  Except  Porto  Rico.  <>  Included  with  Russia  for  1890. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

VKITED  STATES  AND  DIVISIONS,  1890-1910,  AND  BY  STATES,  1910  AND  1900. 


205 


PERSONS  BOKN  IN- 


Greeoe. 


101,282 
8,515 
1,887 


10,764 

2,102 

83 

15,893 

2,153 

521 

17,910 

2,062 

358 

13,989 
202 

40 

4,030 
e>T.i 
1(7 

1,397 
213 

76 

1,762 
204 
191 

13,269 
314 
01 

15,662 
532 
384 


Hun- 
gary. 


495, 609 
145, 714 
62,435 


10,907 
6,928 
1,624 

267,951 
99,474 
43,910 

162,261 
20,534 
10,110 

24,272 
0,390 
Z,Tii 

10,000 
2,104 
1,153 

1,742 
814 
515 

1,956 

1,010 

351 

4,296 

1,271 

480 

<,624 

1,177 

546 


2,634 
44 

113 

3 

11,413 
1,843 

951 

84 

1,074 
121 


10,097 
1,573 

1,575 
115 

4,221 

465 


2,555 
213 

1,370 
82 

10,031 
1,570 

1,196 
134 

2,764 
63 


1,660 
75 


3,356 
18 


2,790 
66 


1,083 


157 
29 


539 

128 


,996 
926 


294 


Ireland. 


1,352,251 
1,615,459 
1,871,509 


334,480 
387,570 
412,840 

615,750 
720,306 
828,270 

179, 2e, 
238,013 
287,815 

78,614 
111,192 
145,904 

27,485 
30,606 
48,003 

10, 124 
10,302 
23,411 

11,994 
15,338 
19,787 

20,873 
27,584 
29,046 

67,053 
5.-),  948 
75,828 


90,843 
37,168 


47,610 
14,913 


123,498 
47,393 


85,881 
16,463 


14,370 
1,379 


39,859 
6,734 


11,597 
835 


10,554 
1,123 


5,582 
2,182 


1,178 
453 


11,532 
902 


2,855 
1,327 


7,890 
10,159 

10,613 
13,547 

4,940 
7,453 

222,867 
249,916 

29,718 
35,501 

58,458 
70,994 


307,889 
425,553 

82,758 
94,844 

165,109 
205,909 


40,062 
55,018 

11,266 
10,300 

93,455 
114,563 

20,434 
29,182 

14,049 
23,544 


15,859 
22,428 


17,756 
28,321 


23,297 
31,832 


2,498 
2,670 


Italy. 


179,430 
01,297 
16,829 

783,769 
290,768 
101,792 

146,828 
44,521 
16,571 

38,238 
10,564 
5,266 

38,284 
10,509 
4,894 

8,183 
3,606 
2,242 

31,680 
22,550 
10,072 

34,433 
14,295 
7,422 

82,274 
25,916 
17,492 


3,468 
1,334 

2,071 
947 

4,594 
2,154 

85,056 
28,785 

27,287 
8,972 

56,954 
19,103 


472,301 
182,248 

115,446 
41,865 

196,122 
66,655 


41,620 
11,321 

6,911 
1,327 

72,163 
23,523 

16,861 
6,178 

9,273 
2,172 


9,660 
2,222 

5,846 
1, 

12,984 
4,345 

1,202 
700 


Japan. 


Mexico. 


Nether- ' 
lands 
(Hol- 
land). 


Norway. 


67,744  221,915  120,063  403.877 
24,788  103.393  94.931  336,388 
2,292     77,853     81,828     322,665 


261 
129 
108 

1,537 
512 
285 

475 
155 
123 

990 
240 
26 

149 
36 
54 

26 
13 
9 

403 
28 
22 

10,236 

5,120 

35 

53,668 
18,555 
1,630 


150 

78 


1,163 
392 

193 
67 

181 
53 


274 
102 


138 
76 
141 

805 
518 
510 

929 


10,827 
327 
329 

242 
195 
207 

226 
139 
128 

128,917 
71,752 
52,001 

4,),  793 
21,367 
10,88/ 

34,038 
8,212 
7,294 


2,144 
1,278 

817 

26,581 
20,312 
10,942 

59,001 
52, 215 
47,095 

21,010 
16,560 
14,214 

630 
538 
311 

379 
271 
233 

912 
494 
299 

3,667 

1,292 

656 

5,079 
1,971 
1,231 


8,448 
.5,244 
3,927 

32,684 
16,230 
12, 157 

99,192 
100, 159 
104,026 

198,786 
185,413 
179,221 

1,469 
998 
660 

499 
408 
2<i2 

2,50' 
1,748 
1,545 

15,129 
8,388 
5,960 

45,103 
17,740 
14.307 


555 
353 


672 
156 


1,597 
993 


143! 


m 

153 


12,652 
9,414 

12,698 
10,261 

1,231 
637 


2,278 
1,719 

2,131 
1,678 

14,402 
11,916 


86     33,471 
56     30,406 


39 
499 


620 
29, 


580 
509 

491 

295 

102 
54 

5,432 
3,335 

578 
342 

1,265 


25,013 
12,601 

5,351 
2,296 

2,320 
1,393 


1,110 
039 

531 
3S4 

32,913 
29,979 

7,638 
7,582 


7,379       57,000 
6,496,      61,575 


3,642     105,303 


1,413 

102 


2,717 


11,337 
9,388, 


812 


709 
317. 


104,895 


21,924 
25,034 


660 
530 


45,937 
30,200 


Portu- 
gal. 


22,892 
12,347 
10,084 


82 
53 

110 
29 

79 
53 

26,437 
13,453 

0,501 
2,545 

707 
508 


660 
302 


145 

62 


225 
124 


291 
200 


Rouma- 
nia.' 


65.923 
16, 032 


2,054 

486 


44,403 
IB,  286 


9,945 
540 


5,401 
1,180 


1,055 
218 


317 
68 


43.' 
081 


724 
70 


1,589 
116 


20 


17 


858 
128 


415 
110 


718 
247 


34,443 
10,549 

2,208 

478 

7,752 
1,259 


3,974 
100 

709 
64 

4,306 
312 

510 
11 

446 
53 


2,008 
483 


384 
84 


1,522 
115 


1,070 
353 


Russia.' 


Scot- 
land. 


1.602.782.  261,076 
578, 102  233, 524 
182,644     212,231 


192,699 
63,357 
11,795 

893,508 
325,067 
81, 101 

274,993 
78,817 
27,727 

118,083 
05,005 
42,180 

49, 149 
20,478 
5,900 

8,153 
3,848 
1,247 

14,111 
7,346 
1,400 

18,594 
4,6.'«) 
3,  .18 

32,802 
8,954 
7,841 


4,752 
1,358 

4,345 
1,044 

2,4.5.5 
615 

117,201 
37,919 

9,705 
3,278 

54,121 
19,143 


558,956 
202,957 

93,567 
28,398 

240,985 
93,712 


48,756 
14,542 

9,509 
2,273 

149,010 

45,790 

37,978 
8,662 

29,044 
7,550 


17,541 
7,286 


0,310 
2,455 


21,402 
8,340 


31,910 
15,097 


48,421 
«42,16' 
38,800 

88,995 
78,459 
80,570 

48,710 
47,005 
51,250 

21,817 
25,058 
30,309 

7,145 
6,470 
7,144 

2,503 
2,756 
.3,308 

4,1.53 
3,430 
3,185 

15, 143 
12,756 
12,638 

24,183 
15,3r3 
15,055 


2,389 
2,127 

1,979 
2,019 

2,615 
2,040 

28,416 
24,332 

0,272 
5,466 

6,750 
6,175 


39,437 
33,862 

17,512 
14,211 

32,046 
30,386 


10,705 
9,327 

3,419 
2,805 

20,755 
20,021 

9,952 
10,343 

3,885 
4,569 


4,373 
4,810 

5,162 
6,425 

3,651 
3,878 

1,696 
1,800 


Spain. 


22, 108 
7,050 
6,185 


1,160 
453 
440 

4,615 
1,948 
1,904 

614 
433 
31 

680 
462 
389 

4,985 

1,279 

621 

203 
170 
101 

1,023 

892 

1,153 

3,152 
40" 
235 

5,070 

1,006 

905 


111 

29| 


351 
53 


549 
239 


92 
104 


3,766 
1,614 

496 
145 

354 
180 


Sweden. 


34       25,739 
26      26,196 


266 
61 


70,777 
59,415 
35,821 

87,719 
74, 175 
51,935 

178,140 
170,923 
141,291 

213,531 
207,940 
194,580 

2,984 
2,131 
1,797 


1,350 
1,115 

0,463 
.5,084 
3,605 

35,485 
28,549 
22,928 

68,510 
31,841 
24,969 


Switz- 
erland. 


2,203 
1,936 


2,068 
2,032 


1,331 
1,020 


39,562 
32,192 


7,405 
6,072 


18,208 
16,164 


53,706 
42,708 

10,547 
7,337 

23,467 
24,130 


5,522 
3,961 

5,081 
4,673 


364     115,424 
227     109,147 


26,374 
26,956 


122,428 
115,476 


26,763 
29,876 


,654 
6,692 


12,160 
8,419 


3,710 
3,181 
2,344 

31,348 
20,955 
21,804 

33,230 
34, 795 
32,400 

19,171 
21,055 
22,009 

2,070 
1,954 
1,815 

2,748 
3,210 
3,199 

3,708 
3,335 
2,894 

0,970 
5,020 
4,388 

21,821 
15,476 
13,150 


214 


1,341 
1,277 

221 
166 

1,800 
1,499 


16,315 
13,678 

7,(49 
6,570 

7,484 
6,707 


10,988 
12,007 

2,765 
3,472 

8,661 
9,033 

2,780 
2,617 

8,036 
7,666 


2,992 
3,268 

3,675 
4,342 

6,141 
6,819 

560 
374 


Tur- 
key in 
Asia.8 


59,729 


19,240 


16,360 


3,879 


2,771 


1,394 


2,019 


1,249 


4,329 


744 


188 


12,540 


3,132 


1,738 


9,478 


2,396 


4,486 


2,031 

809 

2,690 

1,567 

791 


600 


1,084 


392 


Tur- 
key in 
Eu- 
rope.* 


32, 230 
9,910 
1," 


7,063 

3,577 

458 

8,147 

3,102 

004 

7,411 
771 
140 

3,049 
550 

177 

1,051 
216 
53 

282 
145 
10 

613 

547 

73 

1,321 
259 

37 

2,093 
743 
212 


721 
84 

1,965 
65 

31 
22 

3,592 
2,890 

658 
284 

696 
226 


6,004 
1,915 


636 

2,754 
651 


1,945 
164 

2,274 

74 

2,453 
286 

342 
101 

397 
146 


528 
1-25 

479 
93 

1,000 


270 
104 


Wales. 


82, 488 
93,583 
100,079 


3,702 
3,909 
3,603 

37,921 
43,952 
47,478 

18,259 
22,122 
22,997 

7,840 
9,615 
11,406 

2,007 
1,810 
1,787 

729 

973 

1,419 


821 
509 

0,157 
0,525 
0,910 

4,977 
3,869 
3,910 


204 
199 


268 
256 


616 

050 


7,464 
7,304 

1,202 
1,195 

29,255 
36,463 


9,377 
11,481 

1, 
2,083 

4,091 
4,304 

786 
838 

2,507 
3,356 


1.023 
1,288 


2,434 
3,091 


1,219 
1,613 


222 
14; 


•  Included  under  "All  other  countries  "for  1890. 


I  Turkey  in  Asia  included  with  Turkey  in  Europe  for  1900  and  1890. 


'  Included  Finland  for  1890.    See  also  o«te  1 . 


206 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  FOR  THE- 


Table  14— Continued, 


DIVISION  OR  STATE  AND  CENSUS  YEAK. 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL— Contd. 

South  Dakota: 

1910 

1900 

Nebraska: 

1910 

1900 

Kansas: 

1910 

1900 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 
Delaware: 

1910 

1900 

Maryland: 

1910 

1900 

District  of  Jolumbia: 

1910 

1900 

Virginia; 

1910 

1900 

West  Virginia: 

1910 

1900 

Nortli  Carolina: 

1910 

1900 

South  Carolina: 

1910 

1900 

Georgia: 

1910 

1900 

Florida: 

1910 

1900 


EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 
Kentucky: 

1910 

1900 

Tennessee: 

1910 

1900 

Alabama: 

1910 

1900 

Mississippi: 

1910 

1900 


WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL 
Arkansas: 

1910 

1900 

Louisiana: 

1910 

1900 

Oklahoma: 

1910 

1900 

Texas: 

1910 

1900 


Montana: 

1910 

1900 

Idaho: 

1910 

1900 

Wyoming: 

1910 

1900 

Colorado: 

1910 

1900 

New  Mexico: 

1910 

1900 

Arizona: 

1910 

1900 

Utah: 

1910 

1900 

Nevada: 

1910 

1900 


MOUNTAIN. 


Washington: 

1910 

1900 

Oregon: 

1910 

1900 

California: 

1910 

1900 


PACIFIC. 


Total 
foreign 
bom. 


100,790 
88,508 

176,662 
177,347 

135,450 
126,685 


17,492 
13,810 

104,944 
93,934 

24,902 
20,119 

27,057 
^19,461 

67,218 
22,451 

6,092 
4,492 

6,179 
5,528 

15,477 
12,403 

40,633 
23,832 


40,162 
50,249 

18,607 
17,746 

19,286 
14,592 

9,770 
7,981 


17,046 
14,289 

52,766 
52,903 

40,442 
20,538 

241,938 
179,357 


94,713 
67,067 

42,578 
24,604 

29,020 
17,415 

129,587 
91, 155 

23,146 
13,625 

48,765 
24,233 

65,822 
53,777 

19,691 
10,093 


256,241 
111,364 

113, 136 
65,748 

586,432 
307,240 


PERSONS  BOEN  IN- 


Austria. 


5,372 
3,263 

24,362 
21,«88 

12,094 
6,636 


992 
227 

8,254 
4,809 

459 
201 

1,281 
535 

8,360 
1,143 

139 
31 

222 
92 

349 
230 

228 
116 


1,032 
543 

637 
321 

904 
390 

417 
260 


1,268 
851 

1,597 


3,.SS9 
1,897 

20,570 
16,696 


8,350 
3,786 

1,561 
377 

3,966 
1,132 

13,043 
6,381 

1,233 
376 

1,483 
318 

1,870 
272 

822 
102 


12,745 

2,788 

5,241 
1,139 

17, 165 
5,932 


Bel- 
gium. 


237 
126 


491 
272 


1,703 


800 
79 


111 

14 


292 
315 


191 
97 


328 
244 


235 
145 


375 
170 


1,228 
340 


1,464 
785 


Bulga- 
ria, Ser- 
via,and 
Monte- 
negro.* 


501 
183 
118 


1 
31 
10 
10 
100 
2 
1 


14 


77 
11 
106 


115 
240 


2,155 
576 


331 
609 


167 
371 
346 

178 


1,647 
1,096 


Canada.* 


French.     Other, 


1,138 

674 
1,039 

1,087 
1,485 


110 

87 


109 
97 


104 
104 


151 


136 


91 
119 


119 
161 


250 
253 


320 

227 


356 
400 


2,874 
3,516 

796 
395 

143 
150 


960 


111 

84 


177 
153 


114 
128 


272 
222 


3,711 
1,899 

1,146 
874 

3,109 
2,410 


5,012 
5,906 

6,661 
8,010 

6,101 
7,053 


441 
257 


1,320 
1,143 


1,052 


1,256 
1,026 

784 
639 

514 

444 

243 
173 

731 
679 

1,577 
1,114 


972 
•1,072 

1,065 
926 

737 

617 

404 
345 


955 
932 

941 

781 

2,551 
1,580 

3,178 
2,549 


10,968 
10,310 

4,575 
2,528 

1,288 
1,098 

8,792 
8,837 

912 
680 

1,650 
1,116 

1,576 
1,203 

1,575 
810 


36,771 
18,385 

11,263 
6,634 

41,668 
27,408 


China. 

Cuba 
and 
other 
West 
Indies.3 

Den- 
mark. 

England. 

Fin- 
land. 

France. 

98 
150 

17 
10 

6,294 
5,038 

4,024 
3,862 

1,381 
1,175 

252 

262 

89 
190 

47 
31 

13,674 
12,531 

8,009 
9,757 

79 
37 

639 
876 

16 
38 

74 
37 

2,760 
2,914 

11,262 
13,283 

49 
44 

2,657 
2,012 

29 
51 

34 
33 

52 
43 

1,668 
1,506 

9 

23 

170 
148 

299 
492 

453 
309 

237 
177 

5,211 
5,299 

47 
28 

552 
534 

270 
417 

243 
134 

■  176 
88 

2,638 
2,299 

21 
14 

611 
389 

126 
238 

233 
107 

240 
128 

3,687 
3,425 

50 
36 

300 
316 

62 

47 

46 
12 

67 
60 

•       3,511 
2,622 

127 
6 

635 
298 

61 
44 

43 
37 

36 
36 

940 
904 

18 
3 

114 
95 

46 
61 

59 
67 

61 
55 

517 
474 

42 
9 

70 
84 

174 
184 

226 
167 

112 

88 

1,671 
1,514 

49 
10 

224 
249 

156 
118 

17,050 
11,654 

295 
204 

3,078 
2,231 

89 
42 

285 
262 

34 

46 

42 
28 

78 
77 

2,619 
3,256 

18 
0 

646 
983 

40 
66 

71 
46 

163 
117 

2,046 
2,207 

21 
16 

305 
332 

44 

54 

230 
134 

197 
96 

2,365 
2,347 

38 
28 

692 
539 

195 
206 

166 
45 

119 

86 

777 
798 

88 
28 

291 

365 

44 
50 

27 
22 

178 
135 

1,519 
1,394 

15 
3 

387 
387 

346 

554 

630 
543 

239 
216 

2,086 
2,068 

118 
73 

6,346 

6,500 

127 
59 

65 
19 

560 
259 

2,981 
1,900 

18 
2 

749 
516 

492 
767 

369 
243 

1,289 
1,089 

8,498 
8,213 

160 
113 

1,821 
2,025 

1,098 
1,675 

39 
18 

1,943 
1,041 

8,981 
8,077 

4,111 
2,103 

639 
539 

773 
1,411 

13 
10 

2,254 
1,626 

4,983 
3,943 

652 
292 

333 
194 

204 
424 

38 

8 

962 

884 

2,986 
2,596 

1,380 
1,220 

316 
183 

320 
581 

99 
71 

2,766 
2,050 

12,928 
13,575 

1,239 
844 

1,374 
1,162 

202 
314 

25 
9 

116 

57 

1,101 
968 

26 
29 

326 
298 

1,016 
1,2% 

37 
17 

284 
199 

3,500 
1,561 

660 
32 

323 
253 

311 

544 

9 
6 

8,300 
9,132 

18,083 
18,879 

1,012 
734 

303 
220 

760 
1,279 

16 
2 

616 
339 

1,793 
1,167 

174 
61 

653 
303 

2,301 
3,462 

175 

67 

7,804 
3,626 

19,430 
10,481 

8,719 
2,732 

2,340 
1,066 

6,468 
9,367 

68 
31 

3,215 
1,663 

7,998 
5,603 

4,734 
2,131 

1,169 
775 

27,764 
40,262 

864 
466 

14,209 
9,040 

48, 703 
36,746 

6, 159 
2,763 

17,407 
12,256 

>  Included  under  "  All  other  countries"  for  1900. 


3  Except  Porto  Rico. 


t„AnA    nrttk    T<ll..tA..r   In    T7l' 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

UNITED  STATES  AND  DIVISIONS,  1890-1910,  AND  BY  STATES,  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 


207 


PEESONS  BORN  IN- 


Oreece. 


231 
3 

3,459 
23 

1,410 
17 


463 
95 


342 
34 


721 
50 


787 
108 


174 
14 


282 


941 
191 


273 
24 


374 
38 


633 
129 


117 
22 


179 
6 


237 

84 


590 
5 


756 
169 


1,905 
20 

1,843 
9 

1,915 
230 

2,272 
37 

167 
1 

77 
10 

4,039 
3 

1,051 
4 


4,187 
65 

3,555 
95 

7,920 
372 


Hun- 
gary. 


594 
421 

1,453 
461 

1,078 
650 


247 

86 


2,089 
323 


155 
48 


1,784 
607 


5,939 
810 


37 


230 
166 


725 
146 


376 
296 


585 
332 


286 
97 


397 
148 


348 

178 


926 
593 


274 


202 
37 


437 

287 


1,632 
574 


209 
41 


115 
22 


171 
33 


1,160 
222 

1,160 
156 

3,304 
799 


Ireland. 


2,980 
3,298 


8,124 
11,127 


8,100 
11,516 


3,985 
5,044 


9,705 
13,874 


5,347 
6,220 


2,450 
3,534 


2,292 
3,342 


306 
371 


676 
1,131 


1,655 
2,293 


5,914 
9,874 

2,29« 
3,372 

1,167 
1,792 

747 
1,264 


1,079 
1,346 

3,757 
6,436 

1,801 
1,384 

5,357 
6,173 


9,469 
9,436 


1,782 
1,633 


1,359 
1,591 


8,710 
10, 132 


1,550 
1,159 


1,657 
1,516 


1,702 
1,425 


10,180 
7,262 

4,995 
4,210 

52,478 
44,476 


Italy. 


1,158 
360 

3,799 
752 

3,520 
987 


2,893 
1,122 

6,969 
2,449 

2,761 
930 

2,449 
781 

17,292 
2,921 

521 
201 

316 
180 

645 
218 

4,538 
1,707 


1,316 
679 

2,034 
1,222 

2,696 
862 

2,137 
845 


1,699 
576 

20,233 
17,431 

2,564 
601 

7,190 
3,942 


6,592 
2,199 

2,067 
779 

1,961 
781 

14,375 
6,818 

1,959 
661 

1,531 


3,117 
1,062 


2,831 
1,296 


13. 121 
2,124 


5,538 


1,014     2,522 


63,615 
22,777 


Japan. 


583 
9 


111 
2 


316 
16 


1,566 
2,427 

1,330 
1,305 

1,575 
397 

2,245 
51 

254 
9 

361 
284 

2,050 
419 

855 
228 


12, 177 
5,769 

3,277 


38,214 
10,264 


Mexico. 


290 
27 


,429 
71 


145 

84 


132 
68 


1,025 
488 


2,744 
134 


125,016 
71,062 


133 
28 


188 
58 


2,602 
274 


11,918 
6,649 


29,987 
14,172 


166 
41 


145 
73 


199 
53 


33,694 
8,086 


Nether- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land). 


2,656 
1,566 


872 

885 


906 
875 


203 
220 


140 
136 


127 
42 


145 


113 

78 


230 
85 


424 
262 


1,054 
316 


261 
50 


710 
260 


99 


1,392 
523 


2,157 
632 


618 
324 


2,304 
1,015 


Norway. 


20,918 
19,788 


2,750 
2,883 


1,294 
1,477 


363 
246 


149 
101 


311 
123 


145 
155 


304 
236 


141 


266 
159 


295 


361 
149 


1,785 
1,356 


7,170 
3,354 


2,566 
1,173 


378 

1,787 
1,149 

151 
33 

272 
123 

2,305 
2,128 

255 
60 


28,368 
9,891 

6,843 
2,789 

9,952 
5,060 


Portu- 
gal. 


305 
176 


179 
137 


174 
142 


22,539 
12,068 


Bouma- 
nia. 


295 
24 


220 
26 


269 
1 

7 
6 


323 
116 


100 
22 


108 
16 


111 
16 


259 
46 


266 
28 


334 
36 


211 
19 


258 
24 


1,120 
73 


Russia. 

Scot- 
land. 

13,189 
12,492 

1,102 
1,153 

13,020 

8,484 

2,242 
2,773 

16,311 
11,451 

3,591 
4,219 

3,429 
1,348 

344 
341 

27,637 
13,674 

1,956 
2,128 

3,393 
913 

706 
574 

4,379 
1,345 

1,246 
1,162 

5,143 
1,038 

1,088 
866 

711 
282 

436 
320 

786 
398 

239 
239 

3,224 
1,350 

627 
417 

647 
230 

606 
434 

3,222 
1,668 

641 
793 

2,484 
1,166 

561 
544 

1,531 
564 

1,120 
1,223 

916 
470 

181 
196 

760 
340 

442 
342 

1,805 
802 

456 
399 

6,807 
3,128 

1,218 
737 

5,739 
3,076 

2,038 
1,952 

2,228 
507 

3,373 
2,422 

743 
149 

1,282 
796 

763 
119 

1,812 
1,253 

13,618 
3,403 

4,269 
4,069 

228 
137 

509 
427 

311 
119 

576 
399 

568 
154 

2,853 
3,143 

135 

42 

469 
247 

10,961 
2,728 

7,101 
3,623 

5,321 
1,973 

3,387 
2,283 

16,610 
4,253 

13,695 
9,467 

Spain. 


21 
182 


282 
39 


464 
6 


4,199 
1,084 


719 
583 


848 
280 


49 
20 

1,047 

77 

120 
6 

177 
41 

100 
27 

857 
51 


778 
178 


385 
54 


462 
56 


4,229 


Sweden. 


Switz- 
erland. 


Tur- 
key in 
Asia.* 


8,647 


23,219 
24,693 


13,309 
15,144 


332 
302 


421 
347 


350 
234 


368 
218 


279 
132 


112 


204 


729 
661 


190 
222 


363 
337 


753 


292 
303 


385 
355 


344 
359 


1,028 
582 


4,706 
4,388 


6,412 
5,346 


4,985 
2,822 


2,497 
1,727 


12,446 
10,766 


365 
244 


845 
342 


7,227 
7,025 


278 


32,199 
12, 737 

10,099 
4,555 

26,212 
14,549 


800 
586 


2,150 
2,340 


2,853 
3,337 


452 
320 


281 
244 


246 
229 


180 


1,653 
1,929 


800 
1,004 


213 
200 


83 


804 
679 


421 
623 


770 
424 


1,773 
1,709 


988 
796 


251 
199 


172 
123 


314 
199 


468 
344 


3,447 
1,825 

3,853 
2,677 

14,521 
10,974 


572 


287 


139 
484 
726 
402 
263 
376 
291 


159 
389 

477 


Tur- 
key in 

Eu- 
rope.* 


949 


376 


1,125 


201 
73 
161 
333 
123 
128 


423 


197 


3,709 


238 


247 
66 


287 
37 


144 
79 


420 
20 


107 
16 


744 
14 


128 
66 


196 
290 


237 
216 


491 
157 


129 
8 

262 


Wales. 


217 
33 


146 
18 


728 
65 


553 
29 


812 
649 


503 

549 


824 
922 


1,616 
2,005 


583 
674 


226 
267 


482 


66 


63 
169 


222 
337 


252 
300 


230 
306 


148 
113 


82 
126 


365 
269 


301 
313 


884 
935 


722 
732 


419 
393 


1,989 
1,955 


93 
105 


210 
136 


1,672 
2,141 


168 
128 


1,976 
1,609 


585 
401 


2,416 
1,949 


'Included  persons  in  1900  reported  as  born  in  Poland,  without  specification  as  to  whether  German,  Austrian,  or  Russian  Poland. 


208 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

NATIVE  WHITE  POPULATION  OF  FOREIGN  OR  MIXED  PARENTAGE, 


Table  15 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnited  States... 
Oeogbaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 

West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania , 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Tndlj^na 

lUinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin , 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

SotTTH  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  Sovth  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total 
native 

white  per- 
sons of 

foreign  or 
mixed 

parentage. 


18,897,837 


2,052,709 

5,591,312 

5,108,434 

3,214,703 

430,843 

214,977 

605,283 

816,921 

1,053,655 


134,955 
103,117 
76,055 
1,170,447 
194,646 
374,489 

3,007,248 

777,797 

1,806,267 

1,024,393 
350,551 

1,723,847 
964,882 

1,044,761 

941,136 
632,181 
518,201 
251,236 
217,491 
362,353 
292,105 

25,873 
191,838 
45,066 
37,943 
67,688 
8,851 
11, 137 
25,672 
35,825 

124,704 
38,367 
32,417 
19,489 

36,608 
112,717 

94,044 
361,914 

108,809 
75,195 
32,604 

181,428 
26,331 
42, 176 

131,527 
20,951 

282,538 
136,238 
635,889 


native  white  persons  having  both  parents  born  in  country  specified,  or  one  parent  so  born  and 

THE  other  native. 


Austria. 


826,635 

37,544 

319,921 

239,065 

140,691 

13,048 

2,472 

40,058 

16,903 

16,933 


990 
436 

18,256 
2,950 

14,523 

137,163 
31,429 
151,329 

52, 713 
6,006 
117,824 
19,488 
43,036 

38,058 
23,919 
13,667 
6,051 
7,884 
38,449 
12,763 

407 

8,005 

351 

1,012 

2,495 

85 

194 

309 

190 

686 
604 
758 
626 

1,289 

1,287 

4,948 

32,634 

4,471 
714 
1,524 
8,292 
474 
451 
758 
219 

6,186 
2,332 
8,416 


Bel- 
gium. 


39,867 

895 

5,826 

23,298 

5,686 

564 

202 

887 

654 

1,855 


20 
34 
22 
417 
213 
189 

1,534 
1,001 
3,291 

1,171 
1,907 
5,459 
4,822 
9,939 

1,604 
857 
911 
,  260 
347 
364 

1,343 


44 

33 
38 
348 
5 
11 
40 
45 

116 
25 
31 
31 

72 
439 
161 
215 

159 
65 
54 

279 
26 
35 
19 
17 

577 
508 
770 


Bul- 
garia, 
Servia, 

and 
Monte- 
negro. 


1,234 

63 
291 
337 
123 
22 
51 
73 
128 
146 


2 
17 

3 
22 

81 

45 
165 

165 
21 
90 
21 
40 

53 
17 
16 
2 
6 
6 
23 


Canada. 


French. 


647, 165 

331,085 

49, 134 

98,641 

43, 127 

1,200 

697 

2,497 

8,233 

12,541 


40,494 
40,489 
25,876 
160,623 
39,127 
24,476 

45,132 
1,572 
2,430 

5,051 
2,214 
16, 137 
54,826 
20,413 

24,145 
3,192 
2,175 
4,760 
2,900 
2,117 
3,838 

61 
167 
184 
200 
188 
66 
32 
124 
178 

209 
224 
166 
99 

308 

466 

1,016 

718 

3,730 
1,221 
316 
1,742 
293 
233 
349 
349 

6,«67 
1,917 
4,957 


Other. 


1,011,390 

249, 284 

127,770 

310,212 

151,117 

9,440 

4,613 

14,768 

42,343 

101,843 


49,884 
19,966 
16,037 
147,515 
7,538 
8,344 

100,727 
8,813 
18,230 

26,009 
8,552 
48,299 
193,985 
33,367 

45,270 
25,660 
13,269 
25,747 
11,204 
15,135 
14,882 

371 

1,530 

1,388 

1,443 

1,187 

601 

313 

954 

1,653 

1,530 
1,465 
1,044 

584 

1,652 
1,563 
6,133 
5,430 

12,430 
6,891 
2,110 

12,797 
1,330 
1,868 
3,026 
1,891 

39,003 
15,366 
47, 474 


Cuba 
and 
other 
West 
Indies.i 


18,673 

936 
4,797 
595 
438 
10,246 
167 
837 
134 
523 


52 
28 
10 
514 
156 
176 

3,245 
693 
859 


45 
264 
100 

47 


190 
4 
30 
39 
35 

19 
168 
95 
49 
7 
21 
23 
122 
9,742 

21 
22 
60 

64 

20 
638 

39 
140 

16 
10 
6 
69 
10 
14 
4 
6 

«0 
39 
424 


ma?k.     England. 


218,443 


6,514 
15, 701 
49, 730 
86,537 

1,259 
748 

3,668 
31,147 
23,119 


1,055 
124 
142 

2,669 
261 

2,263 

8,173 
4,611 
2,917 

1,958 
1,274 
16, 151 

8,486 
21,861 

21,387 
23,780 
2,527 
6,848 
8,669 
18,889 
4,457 

36 
246 
149 
236 
99 
41 
77 
105 
,   271 

136 
206 
233 
173 

270 

617 

1,095 

1,786 

1,998 

5,212 

1,387 

2,965 

166 

418 

18,311 

700 

7,274 
3,558 
12,287 


1,445,987 


165, 159 
447, 114 
333,854 
176,200 
41,735 
18,454 
38,189 
116,679 
108,603 


6,927 
6,478 
3,959 
91,882 
25,909 
30,004 

194,961 
71,744 
180,409 

84,777 
24,886 
108,063 
77,599 
38,529 

24,370 
46,639 
34,662 
6,253 
10,851 
22,585 
30,840 

3,026 
10,644 
5,061 
5,751 
6,804 
1,706 
1,031 
3,216 
4,497 

7,229 
4,453 
4,«19 
2,153 

4,195 
5,681 
10,516 
17,797 

11,756 
16,073 

6,881 
23,722 

2,294 

3,774 
49,934 

3,245 

27,065 
14,717 
66,821 


Fin- 
land. 


81,357 


7,239 

4,640 

32,600 

21,120 

168 

155 

156 

4,927 

10,352 


383 
636 
174 
5,426 
165 
455 

2,746 

619 

1,275 

3,313 

100 

792 

24,404 

3,991 

17,826 
51 
64 
1,424 
1,694 
46 
15 


14 
58 

2,512 
302 
774 
618 


139 
523 
69 

4,539 
2,977 
2,836 


France. 


175, 153 


8,068 
43, 161 
44,426 
23,182 

4,740 

5,059 
21,307 

6,717 
19,493 


321 
199 
270 

3,993 
669 

2,616 

22,509 
6,799 
13,853 

14,026 
6,699 

13, 791 
6,249 
3,661 

3,022 
4,500 
8,202 
629 
851 
1,748 
4,230 

262 
1,139 
668 
510 
786 
179 
219 
683 
505 

2,154 
786 

1,148 
971 

1,003 
14,609 
1,701 
3,994 

746 
626 
352 
2,280 
487 
375 
480 
371 

2,704 

1,6«6 

16,223 


Germany. 


5,781,437 


106,684 

1,467,961 

2,250,680 

1,174,651 

163,046 

97,056 

205, 714 

92,070 

223,575 


2,004 
2,487 
1,349 

47,174 
6,564 

47,106 

797, 706 
210,756 
459,499 

498, 704 
202,021 
695,226 
293,170 
561,559 

287,232 
261,247 
279,287 
43,195 
61,250 
144, 412 
98,028 

4,993 
98,673 
13,119 
9,564 
18,584 
2,274 
3,955 
6,838 
5,046 

72,909 
10,629 
8,528 
4,990 

14,790 
32,369 
31,696 
126,859 

17,999 
12,174 
5,496 
38,811 
4,397 
3,810 
5,965 
3,418 

58,096 
36,402 
130,077 


Except  Porto  Rico. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 

BY  COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


209 


NATIVE  WHITE  PERSONS  HAVING  BOTH  PABENTS  BORN  IN  COUNTRY  SPECUTED, 

DR  ONE  PARENT 

so  BORN  AND  THE  OTHER  NATIVE— Continued. 

Persons 

Hun- 
gary. 

Ireland. 

Italy. 

Mexico. 

Nether- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land). 

Norway. 

Portu- 
gal. 

Rou- 
mania. 

Russia. 

Scot- 
land. 

Spain. 

Sweden. 

Switzer- 
land. 

Tur- 
key in 
Asia. 

Tur- 
key 
in  Eu- 
rope. 

Wales. 

All 
other 
coun- 
tries. 

of 

mixed 
foreign 
parent- 
age.* 

1 

204,627 

3,152,205 

755,290 

162,200 

173,621 

575,241 

63,499 

21,801 

938,887 

398,629 

11,157 

699,032 

176,816 

18,929 

3,093 

168,468 

53,608 

X,  177, 092 

2 

9,109 

643,877 

97,933 

65 

1,771 

4,920 

F 

21,268 

767 

98,921 

49,327 

609 

65,697 

2,905 

5,140 

587 

4,523 

12,479 

127,973 

3 

121,789 

1,306,382 

445,704 

410 

31,504 

17,039 

866 

16,090 

488,995 

122,262 

2,328 

72,551 

29,799 

4,624 

995 

71,394 

8,176 

361,972 

4 

52, 026 

527,483 

79,326 

307 

93,835 

146,946 

926 

1,949 

149,131 

84,031 

497 

187, 172 

60,668 

2,283 

525 

40,090 

7,787 

287,385 

^ 

10,840 

290,413 

16,8S9 

600 

33,951 

344,896 

114 

1,611 

114,258 

51,838 

382 

278,419 

37,800 

1,552 

203 

20,289 

7,018 

180,096 

6 

3,555 

84,126 

16,929 

135 

899 

1,633 

171 

424 

33,062 

14,549 

1,810 

3,081 

3,107 

1,217 

195 

3,785 

1,864 

23,168 

7 

828 

41,223 

6,657 

131 

652 

662 

32 

139 

5,966 

6,233 

544 

1,983 

5,124 

638 

112 

1,704 

809 

11,621 

8 

1,498 

47,346 

31,959 

109,909 

1,523 

3,988 

283 

139 

15,691 

10,782 

1,969 

10,038 

6(619 

1,172 

206 

2,201 

2,380 

28,996 

9 

2,106 

66,825 

16,130 

32,870 

3,550 

17,010 

245 

178 

11,797 

26,945 

537 

37,847 

9,217 

486 

59 

13,653 

2,262 

56,091 

10 

2,276 

144,630 

43,763 

17,773 

5,830 

38,147 

29,694 

604 

21,076 

32,662 

2,481 

52,244 

21,577 

1,817 

211 

8,829 

10,833 

99,790 

11 

70 

17,069 

1,120 

3 

45 

«00 

114 

6 

2,415 

2,712 

66 

2,105 

62 

293 

52 

347 

278 

6,101 

12 

43 

19,976 

871 

2 

36 

361 

43 

8 

1,546 

2,329 

10 

1,488 

85 

249 

38 

67 

110 

4,328 

13 

93 

14,687 

2,023 

3 

35 

73 

40 

1 

1,166 

2,758 

77 

1,090 

98 

83 

46 

1,159 

93 

3,235 

14 

1,133 

410,160 

45,521 

37 

1,289 

2,938 

15,986 

252 

59,239 

27,071 

326 

28,908 

1,067 

3,259 

361 

1,716 

10,805 

80,901 

15 

158 

68,490 

15,578 

6 

00 

339 

4,325 

172 

5,123 

6,164 

32 

5,810 

148 

760 

48 

387 

672 

12,688 

16 

7,612 

123,505 

32,820 

14 

268 

703 

760 

328 

29,432 

8,303 

89 

16,296 

1,445 

496 

52 

848 

521 

20,720 

17 

44,486 

723,263 

266,867 

239 

15,251 

12,392 

611 

12,66S 

289,372 

61,249 

1,817 

36,632 

13,241 

2,361 

556 

12,264 

4,261 

204,767 

18 

21,089 

177,743 

76,405 

74 

14,805 

3,001 

81 

1,020 

63,117 

20,587 

231 

7,801 

6,211 

756 

77 

2,062 

1,337 

52,982 

19 

5<>,214 

405,376 

102,432 

07 

1,448 

1,646 

274 

2,309 

146,506 

60,426 

280 

28,218 

10,347 

1,507 

362 

57,048 

2,578 

104,223 

M) 

30,254 

126,791 

20,712 

80 

3,602 

022 

180 

634 

27,383 

10,420 

105 

6,633 

22,069 

600 

219 

22,129 

1,388 

53,139 

21 

4,252 

41,942 

2,229 

44 

3,240 

662 

22 

76 

4,966 

7,006 

61 

6,720 

7,460 

294 

32 

2,602 

716 

14,293 

22 

12,907 

236,883 

44,525 

110 

18,002 

35,525 

646 

1,076 

78,944 

32,867 

246 

114,709 

12,998 

592 

110 

7,646 

3,151 

90.650 

23 

2,601 

60,981 

7,893 

42 

64,660 

0,136 

20 

150 

22,045 

15,625 

50 

30,663 

4,411 

514 

81 

1,573 

1,424 

69,997 

24 

2,612 

60,786 

3,967 

22 

14,441 

100,701 

40 

104 

16,763 

9,122 

36 

20,647 

12,840 

283 

74 

6,250 

1,108 

50,297 

25 

2,978 

56,916 

3,330 

30 

6,302 

174,304 

18 

673 

12,736 

8,282 

49 

145,591 

5,689 

261 

41 

2,909 

1,992 

66,828 

26 

849 

74,269 

1,714 

44 

17,411 

44,078 

12 

77 

3,512 

13,702 

48 

39,432 

7,469 

144 

35 

6,142 

2,090 

30,169 

27 

3,043 

76,346 

8,134 

161 

1,944 

1,080 

18 

307 

12,861 

8,786 

151 

7,873 

11,066 

423 

38 

3,258 

1,108 

27,483 

28 

1,813 

9,203 

103 

3 

1,202 

77,347 

7 

383 

30,276 

2,422 

9 

14,640 

1,157 

249 

16 

559 

225 

16,429 

29 

408 

14,419 

446 

12 

4,022 

30,828 

6 

17 

19,824 

3,080 

4 

13,294 

,  1,650 

96 

18 

1,660 

474 

12,577 

30 

689 

29,538 

1,041 

29 

2,219 

4,957 

26 

57 

11,866 

6,288 

43 

35,267 

4,217 

292 

34 

2,258 

612 

19,177 

31 

1,000 

30,732 

2,113 

312 

1,761 

2,402 

28 

7 

23,184 

0,278 

78 

22,322 

6,662 

87 

21 

3,603 

617 

17,433 

32 

129 

10,054 

1,636 

2 

22 

27 

3 

12 

1,999 

553 

21 

293 

64 

10 

3 

116 

73 

1,666 

33 

700 

29,998 

4,200 

18 

295 

308 

43 

74 

19,433 

4,880 

03 

470 

493 

30 

20 

1,439 

554 

7,994 

34 

95 

13,963 

1,792 

14 

109 

169 

7 

14 

2,340 

1,312 

62 

303 

324 

84 

7 

248 

171 

3,031 

35 

699 

7,037 

1,620 

11 

168 

386 

33 

55 

3,228 

1,933 

45 

353 

309 

300 

46 

317 

235 

2,262 

36 

1,662 

10,848 

3,897 

1 

71 

41 

3 

21 

2,151 

2,236 

01 

320 

1,303 

289 

69 

1,329 

102 

2,646 

37 

20 

1,095 

249 

7 

34 

41 

13 

17 

628 

762 

16 

106 

vll5 

127 

13 

66 

99 

416 

38 

31 

2,646 

232 

4 

16 

59 

7 

5 

661 

665 

32 

88 

61 

116 

14 

18 

102 

592 

39 

184 

5,889 

428 

16 

00 

141 

16 

41 

2,254 

1,217 

106 

349 

256 

173 

14 

143 

205 

1,698 

40 

45 

2,596 

2,876 

62 

95 

461 

46 

185 

368 

1,092 

1,346 

799 

192 

88 

9 

109 

323 

2,863 

41 

133 

23,773 

1,229 

24 

324 

79 

7 

42 

2,395 

1,807 

41 

252 

2,924 

131 

18 

616 

264 

5,697 

42 

359 

8,848 

1,725 

30 

148 

153 

8 

21 

1,757 

1,352 

42 

518 

1,597 

75 

•10 

599 

183 

2,546 

43 

300 

4,892 

1,981 

51 

107 

282 

10 

58 

1,103 

2,401 

170 

766 

376 

185 

31 

456 

198 

2,289 

44 

36 

3,710 

1,722 

26 

73 

148 

7 

18 

711 

673 

291 

458 

227 

247 

53 

33 

164 

1,189 

45 

270 

4,491 

953 

93 

235 

126 

2 

14 

654 

1,255 

28 

550 

1,151 

51 

13 

405 

232 

2,414 

40 

304 

15,105 

22,678 

645 

195 

344 

171 

23 

1,380 

1,365 

1,693 

592 

.    905 

407 

66 

191 

678 

8,146 

47 

352 

10,191 

1,505 

489 

527 

857 

11 

8 

8,778 

3,363 

33 

2,001 

1,720 

188 

54 

940 

337 

5,293 

48 

572 

17,559 

6,823 

108,682 

666 

2,661 

99 

94 

4,879 

4,799 

215 

6,895 

2,843 

466 

73 

665 

1,133 

13,143 

49 

656 

18,962 

1,409 

36 

062 

6,773 

10 

25 

1,215 

3,538 

22 

5,392 

1,036 

84 

3 

1,436 

241 

9,137 

50 

67 

5,537 

560 

41 

378 

3,510 

33 

1 

769 

3,173 

134 

6,000 

2,039 

37 

1 

2,434 

328 

6,834 

51 

170 

3,877 

528 

148 

92 

626 

8 

12 

334 

2,418 

14 

2,053 

403 

11 

12 

810 

113 

2,949 

52 

998 

24,387 

9,815 

787 

1,024 

2,247 

46 

120 

8,809 

7,419 

128 

12,968 

2,217 

170 

26 

3,428 

502 

14,683 

53 

72 

2,078 

868 

10,030 

121 

180 

8 

158 

910 

51 

384 

266 

92 

9 

186 

84 

1,351 

54 

63 

3,351 

658 

21,650 

71 

270 

9 

9 

149 

946 

61 

729 

318 

55 

5 

351 

129 

2,206 

55 

70 

4,333 

1,111 

39 

861 

3,205 

16 

9 

312 

7,623 

25 

9,836 

2,548 

35 

1 

4,695 

716 

16,675 

56 

10 

4,300 

1,181 

139 

47 

199 

115 

2 

51 

918 

102 

485 

390 

2 

2 

313 

149 

2,256 

57 

547 

25,378 

3,462 

83 

2,648 

24,361 

247 

64 

7,025 

9,130 

138 

23,884 

3,759 

112 

41 

3,252 

839 

20,223 

58 

378 

11,948 

1,284 

97 

1,069 

6,592 

155 

52 

3,472 

5,068 

118 

8,099 

4,320 

43 

21 

1,057 

619 

12, 323 

59 

1,351 

107,204 

39,017 

17,593 

2,113 

7,194 

29,192 

388 

10,579 

18,464 

2,225 

20,261 

13,498 

1,662 

149 

4,520 

9,375 

61,244 

'  Native  wliites  whose  parents  were  bom  in  different  foreign  countries;  for  example,  one  parent  in  Ireland  and  one  in  Scotland. 
72497°— 13 14  + 


210 


ABSTRACT   OF  THE   CENSUS— POPULATION. 


FOREIGN-BORN   POPULATION   BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,   IN   CITIES   HAVING   250,000  INHABITANTS   OR  MORE: 

1910  AND  1900. 


Table  16 


Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Chicago,  HI 

Cinciimatl,  Ohio . . . 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Detroit,  Mich 

Jersey  City,  N.  J... 
Los  Angeles,  Cal... 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 
New  Orleans,  La. . . 
New  York,  N.Y... 

Newark,  N.J 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.«. . . 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Washington,  D.C.. 


Census 
year. 


1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 


Total 
foreign 
bom. 


77,662 
68,600 

243,365 
197, 129 

118,689 
104,252 

783,428 
587, 112 

56,859 
57,961 

196, 170 
124,631 
157,534 
96,503 

77,987 
58,424 

66, 133 
19,964 

111,529 
88,991 

86,099 
61,021 

28,333 
30,325 

1,944,357 
1,270,080 

111,007 
71,363 

384,707 
295,340 

140,924 
115,094 

126, 223 
111,356 

142,298 
116,885 

24,902 
20,119 


PERSONS  BORN  IN- 


Austria. 


6,540 
3,816 

2,413 
1, 
9,284 
3,458 

132,063 
57,676 

1,638 
752 

42,059 
18,981 

14,160 
2,157 

4,978 
1,580 

2,510 
354 

11,553 
3,962 

6,075 
1,802 

645 
409 

190,246 
90,477 


Bel- 
gium. 


28 
25 

682 
221 

37 
22 

2,665 
1,160 

24 
38 

90 
26 

2,237 
671 

173 
144 

213 

87 

86 
37 

63 
32 

91 

77 

2,260 
1,221 


Bul- 
garia, 
Servia, 

and 
Monte- 
negro, 


36 


46 


116 


64 


540 


12,963 

70 

4,795 

26 

19,860 

478 

6,394 

378 

21,400 

100 

9,411 

58 

11,171 

353 

5,475 

216 

4,641 

448 

2,067 

291 

459 

41 

201 

32 

100 


165 


160 


10 


Canada.* 

China. 

Cuba 
and 
other 
West 
In- 
dies.' 

Den- 
mark. 

Eng- 
land. 

Fin- 
land. 

France. 

Germany. 

French. 

Other. 

45 

51 

752 
629 

245 
426 

355 

225 

132 

107 

2,698 
2,841 

36 
16 

357 
369 

26,024 
33,941 

3,098 
2,908 

47,802 
47,374 

819 
1,065 

1,070 
456 

1,031 
675 

13,671 
13, 174 

455 
221 

1,081 
1,003 

8,701 
10,739 

566 
733 

16,868 
16,509 

57 
99 

45 
36 

200 
148 

7,070 
6,908 

58 
15 

684 
791 

43,815 
49,812 

4,633 
5,307 

26,688 
29,472 

1,335 
1, 179 

393 
226 

11,484 
10,166 

27,912 
29,308 

1,191 
416 

3,036 
2,989 

182,289 
203,733 

73 
103 

887 
928 

16 
17 

40 
30 

79 
49 

1,872 
2,201 

10 
1 

665 

748 

28,426 
38,308 

571 

772 

8,794 
7,839 

155 
94 

71 
59 

448 
373 

11,420 
10,621 

499 
79 

494 

485 

41,408 
44,225 

4,166 
3,541 

38,648 
25,403 

24 
9 

58 
41 

411 
231 

9,038 
6,347 

59 
4 

638 
589 

44,675 
42,730 

107 
134 

1,010 
907 

132 
213 

212 
94 

346 
319 

4,632 
4,642 

681 
116 

596 
648 

16,131 
17,838 

592 
214 

7,686 
2,683 

1,481 
1,885 

119 
43 

1,096 
239 

7,581 
3,017 

261 
10 

1,916 
993 

9,684 
4,032 

218 
217 

1,671 
1,687 

39 
20 

31 
21 

619 
514 

2,086 
2,134 

110 
29 

251 
263 

64,816 
68,969 

1,637 
1,706 

5,905 
5,637 

92 
20 

24 
9 

2,030 
1,473 

2,799 
2,289 

875 
348 

293 
207 

8,650 
7,550 

101 

85 

387 
310 

219 
418 

468 
457 

117 
92 

1,356 
1,262 

34 

5 

3,671 
4,428 

6,122 
8,743 

2,844 
2,527 

23,476 
19,399 

3,936 
6,080 

16,415 

5,867 

7,997 
5,621 

78,483 
68,836 

7,410 
3,733 

18,293 
14,755 

278, 137 
324,224 

199 
160 

1,126 
802 

194 
262 

183 

77 

360 
216 

6,698 
5,874 

69 
42 

697 
646 

22,177 
25,251 

301 
294 

3,735 
2,989 

866 
1,122 

1,529 
923 

1,119 
934 

36,564 
36,752 

226 
103 

2,659 
2,521 

61,480 
73,047 

86 
120 

1,741 
1,418 

197 
175 

124 
31 

110 
53 

9,528 
11,079 

70 
12 

885 
932 

29,438 
36,838 

260 
339 

2,256 
2,151 

351 
304 

141 
94 

441 
390 

5,226 
5,800 

46 
30 

1,218 
1,462 

47,766 
59,973 

474 
429 

5,701 
4,770 

6,914 
10,762 

291 
190 

3,119 
2,171 

9,821 
8,956 

1,846 
935 

6,252 
4,870 

24, 137 
35,303 

109 
97 

1,052 
809 

270 
417 

243 
134 

176 
88 

2,638 
2,299 

21 
14 

511 
389 

5,179 
5,868 

Greece. 


Hun- 
gary. 


347 

89 

1,497 
281 

220 

46 

6,564 

1,493 

180 

53 

275 
42 

585| 
18 

179 
20[ 

361 
20 

1,104 
26 

463 

55 

175 
48 

8,038 
1,309 

297] 
37 


773 
106 

1,312 
38 

2,275 

199 

342 

34 


Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Buflalo,  N.Y 

Chicago,  ni 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . . . 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Detroit,  Mich 

JerseyCity,  N.  J... 
Los  Angeles,  Cal . . . 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn . 
New  Orleans,  La.. . 
New  York,  N.Y... 

Newark,  N.J 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.8... 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Washington,  D.  C, 


Census 
year. 


1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1600 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 


Ireland. 


6,806 
9,690 

66,041 
70,147 

9,423 
11,292 

65,965 
73,912 

6,224 
9,114 

11,316 
13,120 

5,584 
6,412 

16, 124 
19,314 

3,878 
1,720 

1, 
2,653 

2,867 
3,213 

2,996 
5,398 

252,672 
275, 102 

11,225 
12, 792 

83,196 
98,427 

18,873 
23,690 

14,272 
19,421 

23,153 
15,963 

5,347 
6,220 


Italy. 


5,043 
2,042 

31,380 
13,738 

11,399 
5,""" 

45, 169 
16,008 

2,245 
917 

10,836 
3,065 

5,724 
905 

12,060 
3,832 

3,802 
763 

3,374 
726 

653 
222 

8,066 

340, 770 
145,433 

20,494 
8,537 

45,308 
17,830 

14,120 
6,495 

7,594 
2,227 

16,919 
7,508 

2,761 
930 


Japan. 


12 

4 

61 
36 

12 
1 

220 
80 

6 
1 

15 
8 

28 
2 

5 
4 

3,931 
152 


957 
311 

10 
4 

87 
19 

27 
2 

43 
4 

4,191 
1,852 

44 
11 


Mext 


Neth- 
er- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land). 


14 
5 

5,632 
817 

12 
6 

14 
10 

289 
299 

426 
282 

10 
13 

59 
63 


180 
76 

1,792 

26 
38 


Nor- 
way. 


106 
98 

486 
391 
314 
311 
9,632 
8,555 

322 
369 

1,076 
804 

584 
397 

243 
145 

408 
86 

615 
606 

209 
96 

43 
47 

4,193 

2,608 

202 

108 

349 

258 

109 
70 

422 
368 

500 
244 

64 
42 


199 

188 

1,914 
1,145 

253 
185 

24,186 
22,011 

37 
12 

512 
249 

225 
75 

1,360 
647 

1,003 
163 

2,144 
1,702 

16,402 
11,532 

181 
95 

22,281 
11,387 

190 
62 

1,144 
692 

117 

72 

204 
172 

3,769 
2,172 

149 
101 


Portu- 


26 
12 

,296 

882 

12 
23 

50 
21 

8 
1 

3 

8 

5 
2 

25 
5 

128 
22 

1 
4 


36 
50 

431 
277 


Rou- 
mania. 


216 
26 

373 


106 
4 

3,344 

287 

454 
4 

761 
39 

313 
11 

196 
51 

297 
10 

267 
35 

1,412 
417 

93 


33,580 
10,499 

1,160 
205 

4,413 
1,036 

1,521 
145 

1,055 
80 

583 
51 

41 
2 


Russia. 


24,803 
12,187 

41,892 
18,370 

11,349 
4,010 

121,786 
39,204 

4, 
2,320 

25,477 
7,720 

18,644 
3,070 

13,667 
3,337 

4,758 
293 

11,992 
2,380 

5,654 
2,160 

1,254 
468 

484, 193 
180, 432 

21,912 
6,664 

90,697 
33,114 

26,391 
11,285 

15,481 
6,033 

4,643 
2,049 

3,393 
913 


Scot- 
land. 


518 
594 

5,062 
4,473 

1,978 
1,868 

10,306 
10,347 

458 
461 

2,880 
2,179 

3,320 
2,496 

1,668 
1,690 

1,589 
573 

647 
667 

1,060 
815 

257 
218 

23,123 
19,836 

2,547 
1,760 

9,177 
8,479 

3,283 
3,447 

1,313 
1,264 

3.669 
3,000 

705 
574 


Spain. 


24 
20 

243 
138 


21 

6 

453 
456 

3,359 
1,491 

54 
28 

200 
107 


227 
32 

1,177 
235 

51 
31 


Swe- 
den. 


237 
236 

7,123 
5,541 

1,021 
743 

63,035 
58,836 

114 
111 

1,657 
1,000 

601 
267 

1,280 
899 

3,414 
808 

787 
659 

26,478 
20,035 

160 
170 

34,952 
28,320 

782 
469 

2,429 
2,143 

1,355 
1,258 

1,129 
1,116 

6,970 
5,248 

359 
234 


Switz- 
erland. 


228 
186 

415 
400 

639 
590 

3,494 
3,251 

696 
657 

1,373 
1,288 

595 
491 

553 
443 

828 
370 

833 
653 

299 
303 

247 
314 

10, 452 
8,371 

779 
736 

2,013 
1,707 

1,007 
1,032 

2,653 
2,752 

2,587 
2,085 

281 
244 


Tur- 
key in 
Asia.* 


50 


2, 
207 

1,175 
245 
497 
561 
103 
385 
78 
219 
192 

6,160 
127 
973 
452 
730 
320 
139 


Tur- 
key 
in  Eu- 
rope.* 


24 
12 

623 
600 


711 
180 

280 
6 

251 
41 

125 

7 


120 
13 

147 
66 

61 
23 

46 
107 

3,695 
1,401 

48 
28 

525 
197 

79 
24 

838 
42 

402 
120 

41 
39 


92 

315 

308 

217 
153 

1,818] 
1,818 

177 
240! 

1,298| 
1,490 

170 
101 

139 
159 

414' 
156| 

231| 
307 

213' 
230 

20 
35 

1,779 
1,686 

106 
91 

l,033j 
l,033i 

2, 159 
3,337 

197! 
238 

402 
386 

87 
82 


I  Included  under  "All  other  countries"  for  1900.    »  Included  Newfoundland  for  1900.    '  Except  Porto  Rico.    <  Turkey  in  Asia  included  with  Tiu-kcy  in  Europe  for  1900. 
<>  Included  persons  in  1900  reported  as  bom  in  Poland,  without  specification  as  to  whether  German,  Austrian,  or  Russian  Poland. 
•  Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 


COUNTRY  OF  ORIGIN. 


211 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  250,000  INHABITANTS- 

1910. 


Table  1 7 


Alabama 

Binningham 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 

Little  Rock 

California 

Berkeley 

Oakland 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Jose 

Colorado 

Colorado  Springs 

Denver 

Pueblo 


Connecticnt 

Bridgeport , 

Hartiord 

Meriden  town 

Meridencity , 

New  Britain 

New  Haven 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Walerbury 

Delaware 


Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Ctoorgia 

Atlanta. 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 


Illinois 

Aurora 

Bloomington 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis 

Elgin \.. 

Jouet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 

Indiana 

Evansville 

Fort  Wayne 

Indianapolis 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 


Iowa 


Cedar  Rapids.. 

Clinton 

Council  Blufls. 

Davenptort 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


Kentacky 

Covington 

Lexington 

Louisville 

Newport 

Louisiana 

Shrevepwrt 

Maine 

Lewiston 

Portland 


Total 
foreign 
bom. 


6,730 

2,305 

716 


1,988 

8,641 
40, 846 

4,618 
11,045 

7,829 

6,422 


3,019 

39,749 

8,550 


36,264 
31,354 
9,397 
8,04S 
18,030 
42,989 
8,459 
8,900 
8,097 
25,541 


13,713 


2,688 
10,803 

4,501 
929 
604 

3,448 

6,706 
3,413 
2,010 
2,429 
9,422 
5,677 

10,447 
8,832 
3,651 

13,839 
6,917 

4,468 
7,214 
19,842 
13,443 
3,818 


5,325 
4,881 
4,384 
8,108 

10,427 
6,099 

10,459 
2,707 


10,381 
4,171 
2,880 


3,946 

944 

17,473 

3,407 


1,018 


9,431 
12,151 


PERSONS  BORN  IN- 


Aus- 
tria. 


134 
42 
29 


83 

91 
1,267 

52 
544 
182 
151 


74 
1,608 
2,287 


3,858 

1,865 

1,224 

1,147 

1,972 

1,109 

344 

628 

690 

422 


887 


41 
31 

.  113 

14 

4 

89 

213 
46 
22 
23 
1,672 
92 
2,921 

354 
15 

137 

487 

40 

95 

1,227 

576 

56 


2,799 
285 
247 
268 
267 
255 
473 
92 


2,993 
48 
67 


18 

17 

316 

115 


104 
44 


Canada. 


French. 


22 
245 
37 
67 
68 
52 


9 
232 
3« 


499 

792 
685 

eis 

338 

461 

1,760 

31 


Other. 


,901 


29 


23 
7 
14 
16 
27 
35 
138 
16 


,660 
408 


222 
129 
34 


117 

914 
2,905 
920 
670 
925 
473 


379 

3,260 

351 


778 

1,292 

160 

171 
874 
164 
144 
IgS 
401 


168 


264 
108 

241 
24 
39 

132 

293 
112 

84 
100 
183 
299 
313 
289 

66 
377 
156 

68 
263 
768 
402 
166 


201 
208 
193 
194 
573 
173 
566 
211 


329 
222 
241 


77 
46 
341 


734 
4,109 


Eng- 
land, 
Scot- 
land, 
and 
Wales. 


1,343 
327 
85 


259 


1,474 
5,304 
1,025 
1,247 
1,399 
730 


786 

5,920 

716 


3,901 

2,440 

1,217 

08/ 

1,060 

2,663 

954 

911 

766 

1,768 


1,311 


546 
218 

595 
72 
98 

431 

486 
381 
265 
254 
424 
616 
885 
805 
164 
867 
1,052 

373 
431 
1,628 
335 
543 


339 
324 
386 
381 
1,629 
411 
752 
321 


700 
443 


307 
100 
938 
297 


476 
901 


France. 


146 
66 
22 


256 
1,205 
47 
146 
171 
288 


109 
150 
88 
86 
33 
160 
23 
38 
Si 


80 


36 

64 

20 

5 

30 

72 
26 
19 
17 

134 
37 
38 

119 
33 
29 
77 

74 
173 
217 
31 
35 


51 

12 

258 

37 


Ger- 
many. 


706 
406 
224 


787 

1,231 
5,476 

678 
1,477 
1,134 

752 


435 

6,636 

729 


2,811 
2,424 
2,269 
l,7St 
1,605 
4,115 
093 
753 

et9 

1,433 


1,911 


413 
209 

729 
207 
111 
792 

2,564 
1,668 
1,042 
1,523 
1,427 
2,282 
1,577 
3,739 
2,840 
671 
2,127 

3,338 
4,501 
7,518 
5,347 
1,426 


557 
2,171 

872 
5,290 
1,431 
3,176 
1,262 

897 


1,853 
767 
795 


2,765 

155 

8,471 

1,766 


197 
142 


Greece 


243 
142 
44 


79 

117 
470 
48 
368 
68 
36 


12 
226 
310 


194 
53 
21 
gl 
33 
85 
108 
118 
117 
46 


28 


80 

49 

215 

42 
8 
22 
22 
122 
31 
54 
84 
26 
41 
32 


Him- 
gary. 


34 
248 
16 
49 
37 
9 


17 
465 
364 


6,976 
328 
83 
SS 
147 
473 
24 
366 

seo 

158 


215 


21 
9 

92 
18 
8 
42 

632 

158 

4 

2 

1,807 

309 

1,273 

585 

11 

9 

146 


Ireland. 


32 

6 

24 

18 

249 

852 

40 

3,829 

13 

287 

18 

43 

27 

49 

207 

11 

219 

72 

124 

17 

15 

6 

342 

30 

204 

7 

210 

274 

28 

10 

28 

16 

4 

7 

29 

11 

93 

441 

2 

68 

16 

5 

148 

78 

is 

309 
314 
67 


165 

695 
4,160 

336 
1,156 

517 

531 


341 

3,966 

491 


5,086 
7,049 
1,369 

i,eio 

1,435 
9,004 
1,595 
1,832 
l,60i 
6,838 


3,162 


160 

71 

302 
211 
98 
527 

386 
524 
162 
267 


770 

1,035 

237 

417 

1,012 

157 
385 
3,255 
188 
622 


418 
522 
305 
581 
804 
811 
561 
210 


1,054 
266 
253 


2,700 
368 


56 


579 
2,952 


Italy. 


1,360 

45 

7 


55 

329 

3,800 

34 

1,162 

331 
1,822 


24 
2,664 
1,490 


5,022 

4,521 

928 

816 

2,006 

13, 169 

476 

1,903 

1,819 

6,567 


2,288 


133 
2,619 

96 
34 
46 


66 
34 
32 
31 
80 
77 

1,043 
185 
43 

1,067 
276 

43 
83 
668 
121 
52 


61 

68 
148 

81 
932 
281 
580 

67 


654 
25 


25 
783 


Neth- 
er- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land), 
and 
Bel- 
gium. 


48 
249 
46 
26 
34 
31 


42 
331 
26 


49 
38 
18 
// 
7 
158 
15 
40 
19 
19 


27 
6 

18 
2 
2 

29 

72 
6 
26 
15 
21 
28 
15 
157 
12 
42 
55 

19 

60 

151 

544 

55 


Nor- 
way, 
Sw( 
and 
Den- 
mark. 


en, 


Russia 
and 
Fin- 
land. 


Tur- 
key. 


183 
221 
24 


58 

1,112 
4,794 
539 
569 
696 
344 


609 

6,029 

543 


2,210 

2,843 

403 

SSI 

2,452 

1,919 

300 

570 

SOS 

725 


121 
81 

102 
9 
6 

123 

753 
399 
211 
61 
101 

1,152 
803 
572 
34 

9,380 
195 

33 

78 
436 
661 
149 


290 
874 


17 

1,576 

64 

601 

82 

2,761 

89 

133 

172 

3,444 

10 

389 

177 

1,070 

17 

751 

45 

136 

26 

12 

11 

4 

74 

137 

4 

9 

1 

17 

12 

11 

5 

915 

592 
159 
86 


164 

562 
1,118 

81 
144 
146 

38 


108 

5,627 

528 


4,142 
6,687 
851 
SOS 
6,276 
8,049 
1,761 
1,440 
1,*00 
5,607 


3,163 


192 

74 

1,342 
166 
148 
656 

319 

£2 

67 

51 

1,690 

172 

619 

406 

35 

695 

1,061 

150 

399 

1,255 

1,127 

256 


388 
100 
177 
148 

1,415 
193 

1,664 
143 


963 
853 
178 


46 

87 

2,014 

539 


366 
1,350 


233 
89 
25 


24 
112 
39 
25 
22 
22 


11 
107 
83 


219 

210 

11 

// 

203 

186 

118 

13 

11 

104 


214 
13 

113 

4 

51 

65 

3 
34 
3 


444 
18 
40 

103 
41 
3 
48 


393 

985 

18 

130 


81 
20 
5 
20 
63 
17 
311 
13 


92 
225 


All 
other 
covm- 
tries. 


138 
206 
46 


136 


1,732 
9,493 
720 
3,396 
2,100 
1,143 


227 

2,191 

530 


352 
662 
70 

es 

293 
574 
125 
113 
98 
325 


442 
7,351 

292 
58 
30 

211 

721 
57 
46 
SO 

307 

236 
70 

371 
83 
84 

188 

125 
288 
563 
126 
112 


67 
184 
199 
121 
248 
443 
129 
117 


329 
383 
514 


66 
39 
908 
90 


58 


48 

155 


212 


ABSTRACT   OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  250,000  INHABITANTS: 

1910— Continued. 


Table  1 7— Continued. 


Massachusetts 


Brockton 

Brookline  town. 

Cambridge 

Chelsea 

Chicojiee... 

Everett 

FftU  Kiver 

Fltehburg 

Haverhill , 

Holyoke , 

Lawrence 

Lowell 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford 

Newton , 

Pittsfield 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville , 

Springfield 

Taunton , 

Waltham 

Worcester 


Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Grand  Rapids 

Jackson 

Eiilaniazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 

Minnesota 

Duluth 

St.  Paul 


Missouri 

Joplin.. 

Kansas  City 

St.  Joseph 

Springfield 

Montana 
Butte 


Nebraska 

Lincoln...- 

Omaha 

South  Omaha. 


Manchester. 

Nashua 

New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange. 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken 

Orange 

Passaic 

Paterson 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town. 
New  York 

Albany 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Blngbamton 

Elmira 

JMnestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon 

New  Rochelle 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls 

Poughkeepsie 

Rochester 

Schenectady 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Yonkers 


Total 
foreign 
bom. 


North  Carolina 


Charlotte 

Wilmington. 


15.466 

8,401 

35,328 

13,829 

10.042 

9,736 

60,958 

13,618 

11,190 

23,254 

41,471 

43,494 

27,605 

13, 491 

43,727 

11,269 

6,783 

10,908 

13,577 

20,818 

23,077 

9,912 

7,706 

48.597 


2,655 
11,044 
6,730 
28,387 
4.364 
6,881 
4,010 
11,727 

30,703 

56,657 

918 

25,466 

8,131 

1,128 

13,128 

7,218 
27,179 
8,021 


29,708 
8,962 


6,776 
20,573 
15,773 

5,727 
23,933 
27,712 

8,127 
28,503 
45,485 
14,323 
26,376 
13,743 

18,218 
10,631 
7,647 
7,415 
5,271 
10,614 
3,394 
8,065 
8,749 
4,833 
12,108 
4,548 
59,076 
18,691 
30,848 
15,448 
21,316  I 
6,278 
26, 716 


480 
463 


PERSONS  nORN  IN— 


Aus- 
tria. 


French. 


43 

21 

156 

158 

4,105 

32 

2,614 

68 

313 

2,396 

1,450 

1,948 

264 

130 

1,837 

25 

196 

46 

728 

143 

1,357 

921 

8 

362 


549 
60 

155 
73 

222 

1,165 
3,900 

29 
571 
566 

21 


184 
3,414 
3.000 


1,770 
72 


218 
2,452 

972 

147 
4,117 
1,368 

182 
8,748 

883 
2,749 
1,822 

554 


2,554 

1,480 

425 

221 

35 

210 

215 

154 

162 

860 

496 

1,688 

1,279 

1,265 

897 

2,050 

271 

3,927 


Canada. 


917 

71 

1,445 

382 
2,877 

197 
15, 277 
4,050 
2,568 
8,035 
7,698 
12,291 
2,369 

223 
12,241 

707 

765 

375 
4,434 

587 
3,078 
1,728 

602 
5,010 


33 
1,324 
154 
197 
30 
67 
51 
729 

1,423 
1,096 

13 

149 

51 

12 


13,720 
4,830 


17 
27 
26 
15 
53 
37 
10 
22 
155 
44 
74 
.23 


107 
126 
47 
21 
24 
34 
28 
28 
4 
81 
30 
569 
444 
499 
613 
165 


Other. 


2,673 
2,047 
8,727 
2,502 

260 
3,910 

963 

762 
1,879 

557 
1,825 
4,051 
7,686 
3,737 

944 
2,830 

329 
2,132 
1,713 
7,507 
1,464 

752 
2,270 
3,405 


1,053 
3,121 
3,307 
3,029 
1,008 
680 
1,118 
3,312 

4,435 
3,339 


1,611 
318 
136 

1,579 

323 

1.132 

142 


2,716 
537 


180 
258 
253 
301 
216 
138 
112 
126 
332 
200 
154 
72 

673 
172 
404 
213 
197 
282 
58 
233 
242 
141 

4,158 
94 

9,149 
697 

2,758 
572 
848 

3,078 
503 


Eng- 
land, 
Scot- 
land, 
and 
Wales. 


1,306 

830 
2,851 

837 

635 
1,190 
11,964 
1,205 

784 
2,403 
7,022 
5,751 
-2,607 
1,235 
10,050 
1,274 

831 
2,215 

504 
2,273 
2,359 
1,361 

957 
4,012 


557 

1,102 

986 

1.148 

807 

588 

462 

1,130 

1,546 
2,879 

171 

2,927 

640 

232 

2.701 

550 


1,5 


245 


1,657 
235 


971 
1,449 
2,461 
1,300 
2,101 
1,285 

793 
1,161 
7,791 

441 
4,071 

605 

1,682 
955 

1,272 
654 
515 

1,179 
239 


856 
1,539 

446 
5,979 
2,007 
2,942 
1,981 
2,798 

886 
3,218 


133 
63 


France. 


23 
38 

131 
15 
83 
15 

144 
60 
15 

391 

788 

100 
74 
17 

334 
67 

282 
30 
49 
63 
83 
11 
25 

123 


21 
34 
22 
48 
21 
18 
7 
135 


22 

277 

81 

10 


28 
135 
10 


102 
67 

116 
71 

117 

107 
40 
48 

824 
35 
70 

447 

120 
14 
18 
25 
19 
37 
11 
91 
96 
11 
35 
21 

328 
59 

181 
65 

103 
77 

161 


Ger- 
many- 


110 
2% 
728 
196 
192 
213 
234 
554 
106 
1,565 
2,301 
205 
3.50 
287 
777 
185 
623 
172 
106 
412 
975 
185 
108 
580 


301 
2,727 

549 
4,546 
1,004 

869 
1,363 
4,408 

2,595 
14,025 

309 
5,354 
2,641 

327 

858 

1,197 
4.861 


1,225 
22 


835 
1,700 
3,754 

969 
4,900 
10.018 
1.001 
2.097 
5,741 
1,201 
4,149 
4,205 

4,620 

1,702 

745 

681 

1,162 

256 

1,020 

1,647 

1,211 

512 

832 

861 

14,624 

3,428 

6,903 

1,818 

3,073 

196 

2,337 


Greece. 


149 

36 

102 

21 

171 

14 

130 

248 

442 

181 

171 

3,782 

958 

8 

172 

3 

38 

30 

248 

75 

213 

30 

30 

83 


50 
12 
34 
31 

48 
20 
30 
18 

57 
129 

21 
758 
237 

10 


187 
486 


1,330 
570 


75 
7 

22 
6 

44 
106 
174 

32 
101 

27 


83 
16 
22 
62 
17 
41 
12 
10 
29 
30 
17 
21 
176 
102 
106 
51 
49 
19 


Hun- 
gary. 


14 

6 

102 

15 

27 

105 

3 

2 

14 

80 

28 

24 

25 

15 

13 

14 

34 

2 

6 

25 

32 

23 

1 

20 


16 

23 

296 

209 

12 

200 


76 


4 
332 
407 


61 
554 
505 


114 
1,795 

271 

121 
1,457 

521 

80 

6,534 

483 
3,887 
4,980 

121 

67 
41 
74 
1,769 
42 
13 


75 
139 

72 
223 
415 
8.>6 
212 

62 

116 

104 

2,664 


Ireland. 


2,891 
4,203 

10,637 
1,431 
1,310 
1,633 
5,194 
1,925 
1,895 
5,246 
5,943 
9,983 
5,153 
2,810 
2,583 
3,724 
1,629 
1,670 
2,811 
5,320 
5,679 
2,082 
2,128 

10,535 


169 
399 

227 
871 
421 
306 
127 


620 
4.184 

95 

3,267 

760 

142 

3,196 

291 

1,849 

650 


936 
3,444 
1,852 
1,403 
3,345 
3, 077 
2,024 
1,079 
4,971 

547 
2,481 

562 

4,545 

978 

1,503 

1,831 

1,277 

244 

681 

1,048 

1,568 

1,555 

839 

957 

5,230 

1,355 

4,877 

5,410 

2,021 

469 

5,255 


Italy. 


43 
1,546 

436 
45 

625 
1,025 

884 
1,063 

368 
6,693 

259 
1,354 

523. 

666 
1,198 
1,158 
1,639 

403 
1,777 
2,915 

133 

615 
2,889 


35 
22 
192 
319 
58 
43 
74 
218 

648 
1,995 

24 

2.579 

"193 

19 


72 

2,361 

116 


1,383 
1.738 
2,331 

361 
2,226 
6,555 
2.960 
2,972 
9,317 

566 
4,268 
4,218 

2,205 

1,750 

1,595 

595 

919 

939 

380 

2,670 

2,884 

675 

1,926 

737 

10,638 

3,660 

4,756 

1,462 

6,688 

602 

4,116 


Neth- 
er- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land), 
and 
Bel- 
gium. 


10 
40 
113 


40 
19 

6 

7 
38 
318 
183 
17 
57 
97 
21 

3 
13 

7 
21 
20 
13 
14 
33 


50 
60 
46 
11,912 
48 
3,470 
107 


190 
264 


388 

.  52 

3 


26 
126 
162 


182 
1 


Nor- 
way, 
Sweden 
and 
Den- 
mark. 


2,742 
527 

2,131 
161 
97 
954 
189 
468 
126 
147 
140 
772 

1,622 
932 
393 
474 
193 

1,332 
160 
935 

1,176 

80 

610 

8,599 


102 

366 

107 

1.366 

61 
128 

86 
141 

12,695 
16,810 

48 

2,666 

415 

129 


1,048 


740 
6,860 


997 
58 


27 

116 

18 

355 

34 

407 

25 

520 

51 

623 

640 

1.706 

12 

180 

1.277 

233 

5,660 

243 

23 

1,986 

48 

•189 

80 

239 

288 

188 

4 

88 

12 

50 

13 

102 

15 

97 

24 

7,245 

11 

31 

20 

305 

37 

476 

12 

121 

22 

102 

37 

90 

1,374 

607 

74 

494 

49 

200 

33 

654 

33 

101 

1 

36 

114 

645 

Russia 

and 

Tur- 

Fin- 

key- 

land. 

3,227 

208 

131 

29 

3,735 

414 

6,922 

330 

211 

12 

592 

42 

2,182 

484 

3,175 

168 

1,575 

324 

1,687 

93 

4,402 

2,077 

1,886 

637 

3,929 

823 

3,301 

.95 

1,715 

354 

501 

81 

583 

9 

1,170 

41 

2,167 

165 

814 

161 

3,028 

437 

476 

40 

232 

19 

10,219 

2,469 

46 

43 

1,644 

41 

422 

38 

3,622 

284 

701 

8 

247 

12 

209 

153 

767 

2 

4,739 

62 

4,432 

202 

33 

8 

3,431 

146 

1,290 

44 

8 

16 

1,239 

66 

3,355 

35 

2,614 

188 

985 

72 

783 

1,599 

1,216 

492 

1,154 

124 

6,918 

27 

2,684 

59 

288 

18 

4,291 

9 

1,712 

42 

367 

44 

3,961 

22 

6,867 

388 

2,440 

25 

3,727 

24 

702 

836 

2,460 

146 

2,129 

12 

251 

38 

865 

47 

6.59 

38 

66 

188 

540 

44 

656 

12 

824 

12 

524 

32 

1,397 

162 

456 

15 

7,187 

273 

3,880 

29 

5,278 

319 

1,069 

597 

2,588 

365 

143 

65 

3,042 

113 

44 

70 

30 

27 

COUNTRY  OF   ORIGIN. 


213 


FOREIGN-BORN  POPULATION  BY  COUNTRY  OF  BIRTH,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  2.50,000  INHABITANTS: 

1910— Continued. 


Table  1 7— Continued. 


Akron.. 

Canton 

Columbus . . . 

Dajrton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield . . 

Toledo 

Youngs  town. 
Zanesville... 


Ohio 


Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City 

Oreg^OB 
Portland 


Pennsylvania 


Allentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristown  borough. . 

Reading 

.Scranton 

Shenandoah  borough. 

Wilkes-Barre 

WIlliarasT)ort 

York 


Rhode  Island 


Newport 

Pawtucket 

Providence 

Warwick  town. 
Woonsocket 


Sonth  Carolina 


Charleston. 
Columbia. . 


TenaessM 


Chattanooga. 
Knoxville... 

Memphis 

Nashville 


Texas 

Austin 

Dallas.... 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 


irtah 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 


Virginia 


Lynchburg . 
Norfolk 


Portsmouth . 
Richmond... 
Roanoke 


Washington 


Seattle 

Spokane 

Tacoma 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 


Wisconsin 


Total 
foreign 
born. 


Green  Bay . 
La  Crosse. . . 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan. 
Superior 


13,249 

8,658 

16,363 

13,892 

3,^15 

1,627 

10,938 

2,051 

3,174 

32,144 

24,896 

1,605 


.549 
3,337 

.50,312 


0,240 

5,224 

6,712 

3,129 

14,963 

4,157 

6,003 

15,333 

3,214 

12,645 

8,634 

4,030 

8,823 

35,122 

10,459 

16,097 

2,335 

1,594 


6,381 
17,989 
76,999 

9,021 
16,548 


2,448 
448 


1,342 

792 

6,520 

3,017 

2,455 
5,264 

14,504 
4,280 
fi,.307 
6,408 

17,495 
1,328 

4,879 
19,544 


459 
3,676 
1,147 
4,136 

774 

67,456 
21,820 

22,498 


526 
5,428 


4,057 
6,044 
4,234 
7,410 

12, 513 
8,669 

13,799 


PERSOXS  BORN  IN- 


Aus- 
tria. 


933 
504 
818 
660 
112 

48 

2,194 

178 

80 

879 

4,005 

44 


12 
273 


2,548 


1,530 

309 

1, 160 

86 

726 

299 

1,320 

4,736 

46 

3,107 

1,263 

61 

1,415 

3,184 

1,225 

2,578 

50 

109 


58 
210 

1,574 
419 

1,378 


19 

12 

261 

91 

80 
254 

66 
411 
567 
369 
351 

75 

44 

214 


7 

40 
16 
118 
14 

2,025 

712 

1.265 


165 
564 
104 
806 
1,102 
973 


Canada. 

French. 

Other. 

60 

417 

18 

152 

79 

617 

27 

380 

1 

65 

9 

128 

38 

262 

4 

58 

8 

124 

681 

2,499 

21 

326 

8 

44 

7 

63 

52 

•       29i 

442 

4,769 

7 

33 

4 

37 

9 

90 

9 

30 

48 

857 

1 

65 

1 

16 

4 

58 

32 

4 

66 

10 

132 

2 

.52 

5 

.58 

17 

284 

1 

10 

7 

116 

.58 

78 

6 

41 

137 

391 

3,367 

656 

4,494 

4,341 

3,190 

246 

9,728 

335 

8 

38 

11 

2 

107 

4 

52 

32 

305 

6 

129 

5 

51 

37 

241 

27 

200 

16 

213 

13 

90 

15 

228 

30 

268 

54 

12 

175 

55 

747 

2 

24 

22 

146 

9 

59 

8 

114 

56 

836 

9,872 

310 

4,040 

261 

2,622 

5 

33 

7 

62 

155 

210 

42 

164 

7 

169 

33 

338 

21 

154 

U 

44 

458 

1,577 

Eng- 
land, 
Scot- 
land, 
and 
Wales. 


1,925 
854 

1,935 
620 
149 
214 
804 
219 
369 

2,052 

4,239 
217 


99 

477 

5,363 


322 
426 

1,287 
364 
788 
391 
363 

1,067 
184 

1,853 

2,024 
606 
496 

7,716 
529 

3,930 
285 
187 


1,060 
6,834 
12,076 
1,129 
963 


199 

89 


213 
172 
691 
366 

240 
804 
351 
513 
738 
766 
997 
95 

1,652 
7,532 


83 
442 
132 
652 
212 

8,553 
2,898 
2,572 


128 

575 


109 
194 
334 
322 
745 
65 


France. 


150 
93 
48 
14 
18 
17 
12 

246 
48 
16 


505 


78 
162 
367 

93 
682 


24 

6 

114 

57 

26 
144 

85 

43 
153 
135 
230 

11 

25 
110 


4 
28 

3 
56 
13 

646 
164 
273 


Ger- 

Greece. 

Hun- 

gary. 

3,152 

64 

3,308 

2,313 

357 

1,559 

5,722 

123 

970 

5,817 

117 

2,761 

2,152 

42 

168 

506 

13 

9 

1,188 

12 

3,954 

497 

18 

595 

1,119 

53 

28 

15,308 

81 

2,927 

2,100 

134 

5,490 

601 

28 

213 

134 

46 

2 

674 

130 

27 

7,490 

701 

584 

1,104 

29 

1,359 

1,658 

91 

68 

466 

13 

69 

754 

43 

305 

5,603 

53 

588 

834 

46 

621 

872 

3 

228 

1,582 

37 

4,563 

1,993 

38 

39 

1,533 

90 

2,500 

491 

49 

505 

510 

15 

23 

2,754 

170 

243 

4,325 

71 

1,214 

273 

5 

3 

2,401 

63 

259 

880 

8 

8 

667 

44 

20 

275 

130 

18 

607 

267 

4 

2,076 

451 

126 

160 

5 

13 

185 

50 

14 

891 

134 

14 

65 

27 

2 

262 

34 

23 

165 

23 

40 

1.429 

230 

71 

554 

63 

177 

794 

7 

7 

1,434 

75 

35 

447 

4 

39 

708 

63 

21 

1.563 

64 

98 

1,771 

1.32 

91 

3,398 

8 

56 

323 

16 

7 

239 

202 

4 

2,102 

621 

90 

46 

41 

1 

402 

179 

19 

130 

13 

5 

892 

99 

36 

79 

43 

4 

6,176 

967 

345 

2,755 

144 

126 

2,545 

258 

102 

112 

24 

13 

2,236 

130 

164 

1.125 

2 

2,723 

13 

54 

1,320 

53 

34 

4,482 

127 

24 

2,890 

118 

566 

4.618 

336 

47 

1,011 

27 

171 

Ireland. 


605 

192 

1,809 

976 

167 

357 

290 

197 

830 

1,971 

1,842 

184 


48 
202 


2,267 


416 
530 

1,526 
228 

1,122 
315 
367 
447 
144 
740 
449 
992 
344 

5,302 
265 

1,588 

324 

71 


2,316 
3,438 
15,801 
622 
1,195 


345 
43 


118 

88 

808 

572 

117 

360 
163 
364 
564 
460 
485 
51 

180 
664 


41 
226 
136 
405 


3,177 

1,021 

916 


54 
544 


186 
159 
346 
143 
235 
46 
452 


Italy. 


799 
980 

1,619 
356 
178 
158 
452 
103 
173 
270 

3,604 
14 


7 
40 

2,557 


662 

1,281 

860 

732 

1,307 

479 

1,892 

1,905 

195 

586 

2,397 

1,442 

1,076 

'432 
956 
314 
180 


573 

717 

17,305 

1,.339 

483 


191 
19 


10 

22 

1,140 

91 

49 
338 

50 
190 
'  568 
639 
444 
161 


379 


27 
345 
153 
511 

27 

3,457 
1,545 
1,202 

32 
291 


14 

20 
335 

10 

449 

1 

48 


Neth- 
er- 
lands 
(Hol- 
land), 
and 
Bel- 
gium. 


29 

19 

140 

41 

9 

6 
21 

2 
20 
140 
26 

1 


10 

48 
2.50 
190 
425 


3 
35 
28 
45 
46 
36 
147 
1 

696 
456 


4 
14 
11 

18 
2 

720 
255 
105 


1,199 
26 
24 
25 
137 
595 
375 


Nor- 
way, 
Sweden, 
and 
Den- 
mark. 


585 
146 
168 
80 
18 
24 
124 
26 
43 
323 
C46 


38 
181 

8,723 


29 
00 
88 
32 

913 
34 
3 
53 
20 
1,253 
66 
44 
33 

142 
3 

224 
80 
26 


Russia 
and 
Fin- 
land. 


602 

591 

1,534 

1,527 

99 

51 

1,452 

24 

103 

3,345 

1,761 

152 


33 

227 


550 

540 

1,005 

416 

2,428 

875 

815 

510 

390 

762 

920 

203 

1,905 

8,571 

7,514 

3,508 

145 

165 


Tur- 


564 

188 

559 

481 

4,058 

7,518 

1,023 

82 

84 

622 

109 

295 

17 

82 

26 

431 

9 

106 

205 

956 

46 

596 

369 

40 

243 

744 

9.5 

176 

293 

598 

751 

387 

202 

636 

173 

469 

140 

172 

903 

49 

4,662 

355 

7 

142 

138 

1,341 

59 

367 

67 

829 

16 

76 

17,749 

3,877 

5,786 

879 

7,731 

988 

14 

18 

45 

491 

529 

272 

1,629 

153 

1,079 

251 

513 

426 

4.251 

1,559 

153 

1,648 

5,733 

2,478 

150 

144 

131 

215 

4 

13 

50 

54 

108 

243 

253 

54 


384 


82 

7 

47 

8 

15 

52 

262 

6 

24 

141 

1 

190 

265 

1.52 

319 

25 

9 


45 

395 

2,140 

20 
310 


13 
1 

18 
61 

79 
41 
59 
130 
39 
155 
101 
47 

30 
195 


39 
100 


40 
180 


27 
172 

12 

28 
192 

12 
2 


Chaptee  6. 
THE  FOKEIGN-BORN  POPULATION— DATE  OF  IMMIGRATION. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  summarizes  the  statis- 
tics in  regard  to  the  year  of  immigration  of  the  for- 
eign-born population,  as  returned  at  the  Thirteenth 
Decennial  Census.  The  census  schedules  of  1910  and 
1900  both  contained  an  inquiry,  appUcable  only  to  the 
foreign-born  population,  as  to  the  year  of  immigration 
to  the  United  States.  This  inquiry  was  designed  in 
part  to  afford,  in  connection  with  the  statistics  of  im- 
migration, a  means  for  determining  what  proportion 


of  the  immigrants  of  each  year  or  period  of  years  had 
remained  in  this  country  and  were  still  living.  It  also 
furnishes  a  basis  for  determining  the  sections  of  the 
country  in  which  the  immigrants  of  different  periods 
have  mainly  settled. 

United  States  as  a  whole. — Table  1  summarizes  the 
results  of  this  inquiry  at  the  last  two  censuses  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  (not  including  Alaska,  Ha- 
waii, Porto  Rico,  or  other  outlying  possessions) . 


Table  1 


TEAR  OF 
IMMIGRATION. 


Total 

Year  not  reported 

Total    with    year 
reported. 
1910,  to  Apr.  15.. 

1909 

1908 

1907 

1906 

1905 

1901-1904 

1900  or  earlier.... 


1906-1910 

1901-1905 

1896-1900 

1891-1895 

1890  or  earlier 


CKNaVS  OF  1910  tAPRQ,  15). 


Length  of  residence 
In  United  States, 
In  years  (y.)  ana 
months  (m.). 


1901-1910 

1900  or  earlier 

Distributing  those 
with  year  not 
reported: 

Total 


Less  than  Mm 

^m.-\  y.  3im 

ly.  3im.-2y.  3im.. 
2y.  34m.-3y.  3im.. 
3y.  3im.-4y.  3jm.. 
4y.  3Jm.-5y.  3jm.. 
5y.  3im.-»y.  3im.. 
9  y.  3i  m.  or  more 


Less  than  4  y.3|m  . 
4  y.  3J  m.-9  y. 
m.-14  y. 

m.-19  y. 

m.  or  more. 


Less  than  9  y.  3J  m. 
9  y.  ^  m.  or  more. . 


1901-1910 1  Less  than  9  y.  3J  m.. 

1900  or  earlier |  9  y.  3J  m.  or  more. . . 


Total  foreign 
bom. 


Number. 


13,51S,8M 

1,340,819 


12,175,067 

233,852 
579,419 
412,683 
706,771 
637,398 
530,808 
1,509,214 
7,568,022 

2,570,123 
2,036,022 
1,063,699 
1.157,513 
5,347,710 

4,606,145 
7,568,922 


13,S16,886  100.0 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 

1.9 
4.8 
3.4 
5.8 
6.2 
4.4 
12.4 
62.2 

21.1 
16.7 
8.7 
9.5 
43.9 

37.8 
62.2 


5,088,084     37.6 
8.427,802     62.4 


Foreign-bom 
white. 


Number. 


IS,  345,  MS 

1,318,959 


13,026,686 

231,696 
573,585 
406,631 
694,362 
623,647 
520. 161 
1,479,844 
7,497,660 

2,528,921 
2,000,005 
1,046,600 
1,148,645 
5,302,515 

4,528,926 
7,497,660 


13,345,545 


5,000,098 
8,345,447 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 

1.9 
4.8 
3.4 
6.8 
5.2 
4.3 
12.3 
62.3 

2L0 
16.6 
8.7 
9.6 
44.1 

37.7 
62.3 


100.0 


37.5 
62.5 


TEAR  OF 
IM  MIGRATION. 


Total 

Year  not  reported 

Total   with   year 
reported. 
1900,  to  June  1... 
1899 


1897. 


1895 

1891-1894 

1890  or  earlier. . . 


1890-1900 

1891-1895 

1886-1890 

1881-1885 

1880  or  earlier. 


1891-1900 

1890  or  earlier. . . 


Distributing  those 
with  year  not 
reported: 

Total 


1891-1900 

1890  or  earlier. . . 


CENSUS  OF  1900  (JUNE  1). 


Length  of  residence 
In  United  States, 
In  years  (y.)  and 
months  (m.). 


Less  than  5  m 

6  m.-l  y.  6  m 

1  y.  5  m.-2y.5  m. 
2y.  5m.-3y.  5  m. 
3  y.  5  m.-4y.  5  m. 
4y.  5  m.-5  y.5  m. 
5  y.  5  m.-9y.  5  m. 
9  y.  5  m.  or  more.. 


Less  than  4  y.  5  m 

4  y.  5  m.-9  y.  5  m 

9y.  5  m.-14  y.  5  m 

14  y.5  m.-19y.5  m... 
19  y.5  m. or  more 


Less  than  9  y.  5  m 

9  y.  5  m.  or  more 


Less  than  9  y.  5  m 

9  y.  5  m.  or  more 


Total  foreign 
bom. 


Number. 


10,341,276 
1,012,663 


9,328,623 

201,128 
235,410 
195,291 
172,288 
199,749 
214,577 
1,144,654 
6,965,526 

1,003,866 
1,359,231 
1,590,930 
1,566,448 
3,802,148 

2,363,097 
6,965,526 


10,341,276 


2,609,173 
7,732,103 


Per 
cent. 


100.0 

2.2 
2.5 
2.1 
1.8 
2.1 
2.3 
12.3 
74.7 

10.8 
14.6 
17.1 
16.8 
40.8 

25.3 

74.7 


100.0 


25.2 
74.8 


Foreign-bom 
white. 


Number. 


10,213,817 
1,001,460 


9,212,357 

192,607 
229,315 
191,399 
169, 117 
197,536 
212, 198 
1,136,842 
6,883,343 

979,974 
1,349,040 
1,585,062 
1,546,825 
3,751,456 

2,329,014 
6,883,343 


10,213,817 


2,571,196 
7,642,621 


Per 

cent. 


100.0 

2.1 
2.5 
2.1 
L8 
2.1 
2.3 
12.3 
74.7 

10.6 
14.6 
17.2 
16.8 
40.7 

25.3 

74.7 


100.0 


25.2 
74.8 


It  will  be  noted  from  this  table  that  for  about  one- 
tenth  of  the  foreign-born  population,  both  in  1910 
and  in  1900,  the  year  of  immigration  was  not  reported. 
Consequently  the  numbers  reported  as  having  arrived 
in  each  specified  year  or  group  of  years  somewhat 
understate  the  actual  numbers.  There  is  no  way  of 
knowing  whether  this  understatement  is  relatively 
greater  in  the  case  of  one  class  than  in  the  case  of 
another,  but  it  is  probable  that  approximately  cor- 
rect figures  for  any  given  year  or  group  of  years  will 
be  obtained  by  adding  one-ninth  to  the  number  actu- 
ally reported. 

The  percentages  shown  in  Table  1  (except  those  in 
the  last  two  lines)  are  all  based  upon  the  total  number 
for  whom  the  year  of  immigration  was  reported.  Of 
the  foreign  bom  of  all  races  combined  in  1910  for  whom 
the  year  was  reported,  21.1  per  cent  had  arrived  dur- 
ing the  period  from  January  1,  1906,  to  April  15,  1910 


(four  years,  three  and  one-half  months),  16.7  per  cent 
during  the  five  years  1901-1905,  8.7  per  cent  between 
1896  and  1900,  9.5  per  cent  between  1891  and  1895,  and 
43.9  percent  in  1890  or  earlier.  About  three-eighths  of 
those  for  whom  the  date  of  arrival  was  reported  thus  ar- 
rived during  the  period  of  nine  years,  three  and  one-half 
months  beginning  January  1,  1901,  and  five-eighths  be- 
fore that  date.  The  percentages  for  the  foreign-born 
whites  taken  by  themselves  are  substantially  the  same. 
This  table  reflects  roughly  the  variations  which  have 
taken  place  from  year  to  year  in  the  number  of  immi- 
grants. For  example,  the  number  reported  in  1910 
as  having  arrived  during  1907  (706,771)  was  much 
greater  than  the  number  reported  as  having  arrived 
during  1908  (412,683),  which  corresponds  with  the  va- 
riation shown  by  the  statistics  of  immigration.  Again, 
the  number  reported  as  having  arrived  during  the  five 
years  1891-1895  (1,157,513)  was  considerably  greater 

(215) 


216 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


than  the  number  reported  as  having  arrived  from  1896 
to  1900  (1,063,699),  which  conforms  to  the  statistics 
shoAving  that  immigration  was  heavier  during  the  ear- 
Uer  j^ears  of  that  decade  than  durmg  the  later. 

Table  1  also  presents  estimates  as  to  the  total  num- 
ber of  the  foreign  born  enumerated  in  1910  who  had 
arrived,  respectively,  before  and  after  January  1,  1901. 
The  estimates  (which  represent  the  totals  derived  from 
calculations  made  for  each  state  separately)  are  made 
on  the  assumption  that  the  persons  for  whom  the  date 
of  arrival  was  not  reported  should  be  distributed  in 
the  same  ratio  as  those  for  whom  reports  were  made. 
Similar  estimates  have  been  made  on  the  basis  of  the 
returns  at  the  census  of  1900.  It  is  estimated  on 
the  above  basis  that  about  5,000,000  of  the  foreign- 


born  whites  who  were  enumerated  on  April  15,  1910^ 
had  arrived  in  this  country  subsequently  to  January 
1,  1901.  During  the  period  from  January  1,  1901,  to 
April  1,  1910,  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  recorded 
the  arrival  in  the  United  States  of  8,223,325  immi- 
grants. Tlie  difference  between  these  two  figures,, 
about  3,223,325,  represents  the  number  who  had  left 
the  country  or  died — chiefly  those  who  had  returned 
to  their  native  country.  Those  who  were  enumerated 
in  1910  represented  62.2  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
of  imimigrants  during  this  period. 

Divisions  and  states. — Table  2  shows,  by  geographic 
divisions  and  states,  the  foreign-born  white  popula- 
tion as  enumerated  in  1910,  distributed  according  to 
the  time  of  arrival  in  the  United  States. 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE    POPULATION,  BY  YEAR  OF  ARRIVAL    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,  BY  DIVISIONS    AND 

STATES:  1910. 


Table  2 


DIVISION  AND 
STATE. 


United  States. 

Geographic  DiTs.: 
New  England.. . 
Middle  Atlantic. 
E.  North  Central 
W. North  Central 
South  Atlantic . . 
E.  South  Central. 
W.South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  N.  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  N.  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota... 

South  Dakota... 


YEAR  OF  immigration. 


190«- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


2,S28,921 


369,442 

095,778 
522,008 
186,544 
56,884 
8,587 
49,857 
90,961 
148,860 


19,226 
20,756 
10, 43^ 
212, 285 
34, 712 
72,026 

598,583 
143,335 
353,860 

129,675 
30,137 

221,195 
87,616 
53,385 

62,152 
24,986 
31,764 
20,397 
10,313 


1901- 
1905 


2,000,005 


2,195,145 


283,246 
906,454 
391,942 
155,683 
40,259 
7,641 
34,596 
58,916 
121,268 


14,024 
12,353 
6,638 
164,322 
28,072 
57,837 

516,519 

112,777 
277, 158 

88,621 
17, 137 
177, 158 
65,520 
43,506 

59,646 
17,293 
23,618 
23,744 
9,521 


1891- 
1900 


390,564 
904,348 
418, 690 
195,365 
40,322 
8,934 
48,929 
63,082 
124,911 


21,268 
20,743 
8,763 
234,894 
37,605 
67,391 

542,974 
121,956 
239, 418 

73,623 
16,212 
184,207 
83,784 
60,864 

75,259 
27, 134 
22,619 
27,906 
13.004 


1890  or 
earlier. 


Year  un- 
known. 


5,302,6151,318,959 


686,607 
,577,972 
433, 180 
836, 626 
98,320 
42,792 
121,484 
159,212 
346,322 


39,234 
36,674 
20,410 

409,113 
65,546 

115,630 

907,939 
226,029 
444,004 

248,315 
71,918 
511,537 
305,283 
296,127 

288,434 
156,614 
113,213 
58,922 
51,727 


84,527 
341,627 
301,400 
239,013 
54, 770 
18,903 
93,893 
64,739 
120,087 


16,381 
6,032 
3,613 
30,436 
12,190 
15,875 

163,257 
54,091 
124,279 

57,011 
23,918 
108, 463 
53,321 
58,687 

57,519 
47,457 
37,682 
25, 189 
16,063 


PER  CENT.l 

1900 

1906- 

1901- 

or 

1910 

1906 

ear- 
lier. 

21.0 

16.6 

62.3 

21.4 

16.4 

62.3 

24.4 

20.2 

55.4 

18.9 

14.2 

67.0 

13.6 

11.3 

75.1 

24.1 

17.1 

58.8 

12.6 

11.2 

76.1 

19.6 

13.6 

66.9 

24.4 

15.8 

59.7 

20.1 

16.4 

63.6 

20.5 

15.0 

64.5 

22.9 

13.6 

63.4 

22.6 

14.4 

63.1 

20.8 

16.1 

63.1 

20:9 

16.9 

62.1 

23.0   18.5 

1 

58.5 

23.3  20.1 

56.5 

23.7,  18.7 

67.6 

28.9  21.1 

52.0 

24.0 

16.4 

69.6 

22.3 

12.7 

65.1 

20.2 

16.2 

63.6 

16.2 

12.1 

71.8 

11.8 

9.6 

78.7 

12.8 

12.3 

74.9 

11.1 

7.7 

81.3 

16.6 

12.4 

71.0 

15.6 

18.1 

66.3 

12.2 

11.3 

76.5 

DIVISION  AND 
STATE. 


W.  N.  Cen.— Con. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

Dist.  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  S.  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  S.  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

MoimTAiN: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico... 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington... 

Oregon 

California 


YEAR  OF  IMMIGRATION. 


1906- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


19,726 
17,206 

3,197 

14,061 

2,837 

4,494 

22,623 

918 

642 

1, 

6,290 

2,977 
1,878 
2,673 
1,059 

1,277 

4,188 

4,410 

39,982 

20,290 
6,731 
7,829 

22,096 
6,027 

13,676 

10,493 
3,820 

43,444 
18, 772 
86,644 


1901- 
1906 


12,738 
9,123 

2,482 
13,296 
2,494 
3,327 
10,869 
576 
536 
1,746 
4,933 

2,194 
1,800 
2,479 
1,168 

1,704 
5,571 
3,082 
24,239 

12,936 
4,448 
4,783 

16,678 
3,002 
7,566 
6,650 
2,863 

35,460 
13,040 

72, 778 


1891- 
1900 


18,113 
11,330 

2,608 
16,298 
3,203 
3,793 
6,818 
713 
664 
2,112 
5,123 

3,285 
2,069 
2,379 
1,201 

1,789 
8,720 
4,452 
33,968 

15,358 
4,821 
3,826 

19,944 
3,165 
6,895 
6,667 
2,416 

33,917 
13, 178 
77,816 


1890  or 
earlier. 


99,686 
68,030 

5,986 
46,616 
10,255 
8,693 
9,794 
1,778 
2,206 
5,067 
9,126 

24,566 
8,152 
6,821 
3,263 

7,509 
18,260 
16,609 
79,106 

30,303 
16,652 

7,946 
51,408 

6,162 
10,616 
29,320 

6,906 

85,031 
40,622 
220,669 


Year  un- 
known. 


25,602 
29,501 

3,147 
15,003 
5,562 
6,421 
7,968 
1,957 
2,017 
4,325 
8,370 

7,041 
4,560 
4,604 
2,698 

4,630 
15,043 
11,531 
62,689 

12,757 
7,775 
2,735 

16,726 
4,298 
8,181 

10,273 
1,994 

43,356 
17,389 
59,343 


1906- 
1910 


13.1 
16.3 

22.4 
15.8 
16.1 
22.2 
46.1 
23.0 
15.9 
17.0 
24.7 

9.0 
13.5 

18.6 
15.8 

10.4 
11.4 
15.4 
22.6 

26.7 
20.6 
32.1 
20.1 
32.8 
35.4 
19.8 
23.9 

22.0 
21.9 
18.9 


I 

1 1900 
1901-    or 
1905  ear- 
lier. 


8.5  78.4 

8.6  75.1 


17.4 
14.9 
13.3 
16.5 
22.1 
14.5 
13.3 
16.2 
19.4 


60.2 
69.3 
71.  ft 
61.3 
31.5 
62.5 
70. » 
66.8 
56. » 


6.6  84.  S 

13.0  73.5 

17.3  64.1 

17.5  66.7 


13.9 
16.2 
10.8 
13.7 

16.4 
13.6 
19.6 
15.1 
16.4 
19.6 
12.5 
17.9 

17.9 
16.2 
16.9 


76.7 
73. 4r 
73.8 
63.* 

57.9 
65.8 
48.3 
64.8 
50.8 
45.1 
67.7 
58.2 

60.1 
62.8 
65.2 


1  Percentages  based  only  on  the  number  for  whom  the  year  of  immigration  was  rejwrted. 


Marked  differences  appear  among  the  geographic 
divisions  with  respect  to  the  relative  importance  of 
recent  and  earlier  immigrants  in  the  present  foreign- 
born  population.  Designating  persons  who  came  to 
the  United  States  after  January  1,  1901,  as  recent 
arrivals,  and  those  who  came  before  that  date  as 
earlier  arrivals,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  the  recent  arrivals  formed  37.7  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  foreign-born  whites  for 
whom  the  year  of  arrival  was  reported.  In  the  Middle 
Atlantic    division,   however,    they   represented    44.6 


per  cent  of  the  total,  in  the  South  Atlantic  division 
41.2  per  cent,  and  in  the  Mountain  division  40.3  per 
cent.  On  the  other  hand,  in  the  West  North  Central 
division  the  newcomers  constituted  only  24.9  per 
cent  of  the  total  foreign-born  white  population,  and 
in  the  East  South  Central  only  23.9  per  cent.* 

'  Since  these  percentages  are  baaed  upon  the  figures  for  those 
who  reported  the  year  of  immigration,  they  are,  of  course,  subject 
to  a  certain  margin  of  error  because  of  the  fact  that  the  considerable 
number  of  persons  who  failed  to  report  the  year  of  immigration 
may  have  been  differently  distributed  as  regards  the  time  of  arrival; 
but  beyond  question  they  bring  out  substantially  the  true  con- 
ditions in  the  several  geographic  divisions. 


DATE  OF  IMMIGRATION   OF  FOREIGN  BORN. 


217 


Another  method  of  showing  the  diflference  between 
the  recent  arrivals  and  the  earlier  with  respect  to  the 
sections  of  the  country  in  which  they  have  settled  is 
by  means  of  percentages,  distributing  among  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  tlie  total  number  reported  as  having 
arrived  within  a  given  period  of  time.  Such  per- 
centages, derived  from  Table  2,  are  shown  in  Table  3. 


Table  3 

DIVISION  OF  RESIDENCE. 

PER    CENT  DISTKIBUTION  OF  TOTAL    NUMBER 
OF  FOREIGN-BORN    WHITES  WHO    ARRIVED 
DURING  THE  YEARS— 

1906- 

Apr.  15, 

1910 

1901- 
1906 

1891- 
1900 

1890  or 
earlier. 

Year 
un- 
known. 

United  States 

100.0 

14.6 
43.3 
20.6 
7.4 
2.2 
0.3 
2.0 
3.6 
5.9 

100.0 

14.2 
45.3 
19.6 
7.8 
2.0 
0.4 
1.7 
2.9 
6.1 

100.0 

17.8 
41.2 
19.1 
8.9 
1.8 
0.4 
2.2 
2.9 
5.7 

100.0 

12.9 
29.8 
27.0 
15.8 
1.9 
0.8 
2.3 
3.0 
6.5 

100  0 

New  England 

0  4 

Middle  Allantiu 

25  9 

East  North  Central . . 

22  9 

West  North  Central 

18.1 
4  2 

East  South  Central 

1.4 
7.1 
4  9 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pflrtfic, , ,          ,   ,   . 

9  1 

The  recent  arrivals  have  largely  concentrated  in  the 
three  northeastern  geographic  divisions — the  New  Eng- 
land, the  Middle  Atlantic,  and  the  East  North  Central — 
principally  in  the  Middle  Atlantic.  Of  the  foreign- 
born  whites  enumerated  in  1910  who  reported  arrival 
after  January  1,  1906,  43.3  per  cent  were  in  the  Middle 


Atlantic  division,  20.6  per  cent  in  the  East  North 
Central  division,  and  14.6  per  cent  in  New  England, 
leaving  only  21.4  per  cent  in  all  the  rest  of  the  country. 
The  distribution  of  those  who  reported  arrival  between 
1901  and  1905  was  substantially  the  same,  and  that  of 
those  earlier  immigrants  who  arrived  from  1891  to 
1900  was  not  very  different.  On  the  other  hand, 
of  those  who  had   arrived  in   1890   or  earlier,  only 

29.8  per  cent  were  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  and 

12.9  per  cent  in  the  New  England  division.  The  pro- 
portion of  this  class  residing  in  the  East  North  Central 
division  (27  per  cent),  however,  was  much  larger  than 
the  proportion  of  the  more  recent  immigrants  residing 
in  tliat  division.  The  West  North  Central  division 
contained  15.8  per  cent  of  those  who  reported  arrival 
in  1890  or  earlier,  while  only  7.4  per  cent  of  those  who 
arrived  after  January  1,  1906,  were  in  that  division. 

To  facilitate  comparison  between  the  recent  ar- 
rivals and  the  earlier,  the  foreign-born  whites  in  each 
geographic  division  and  state  who  failed  to  report  the 
date  of  anival  have  been  distributed  by  estimates  as 
having  arrived,  respectively,  before  and  after  January 
1,  1901.  The  estimates  are  made  in  the  manner  al- 
ready explained  in  connection  with  Table  1,  page  215. 
The  results  are  shown  in  Table  4. 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE  POPULATION  IN  1910,  DISTRIBUTED  (PARTLY  BY  ESTIMATES) 'AS  ARRIVING  BEFORE  OR 

AFTER  JANUARY  1,  1901,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


Table  4 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England , 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 


Total 

foreign-bom 

white: 

1910 


13,346,545 


1,814,386 

4,S2fi,179 

3,067,220 

1.613,231 

290,555 

86,857 

348,759 

436,910 

861,448 


110,133 

96,558 

49,861 

,051,050 

178,025 

328, 759 

,729,272 
658,188 
,438,719 

597,245 
159,322 
,202,560 
595, 524 
512,569 

543,010 
273,484 
228,896 
156, 158 
100,628 


ESTDf  ATKD  NUXBKK  WHO 
ABBIVED  IK  TBI  UNITED  STATES— 


Before 
Jan.  1, 1901. 


S, 345, 447 


Between  Jan.  1, 1901, 
and  Apr.  15, 1910. 


Number. 


6,000,098 


1,129.913 

2,670.407 

2,054,803 

1,211,646 

in,612 

65,768 

233,452 

260,936 

546,910 


71,073 
61,243 
31,452 
633,212 
110, 626 
192,307 

1,543,224 
379, 144 
748,039 

355,912 
103, 697 
764, 716 
427,328 
403,150 

406,782 
222,328 
162,600 
103,527 
77,027 


684,473 

2,155,772 

1,012,417 

401,585 

118,943 

21,089 

115,307 

175,974 

314,538 


39,060 
35,315 
18,409 

387,838 
67,399 

136, 452 

1,186,048 
279.044 


241,333 
55,625 
437,844 
168,196 
109,419 

136,228 
51,156 
66,296 
52,631 
23.601 


Per 
cent. 


37.5 


37.7 
44.7 
33.0 
24.9 
40.9 
24.3 
33.1 
40.3 
36.5 


35.5 
36.6 
36.9 
36.9 
37.9 
41.5 

43.5 
42.4 
48.0 

40.4 
34.9 
36.4 
28.2 
21.3 

25.1 

18.7  I 
29.0 
33.7  I 
23.5  I 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


West  North  Central— Contd 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

SocTH  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tenness^ 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total 

foreign-bom 

white: 

1910 


175,865 
135, 190 

17,420 

104, 174 

24,351 

26,628 

57,072 

5,942 

6,054 

15.072 

33,842 

40,053 
18,459 
IS,  956 
9.389 

16,909 
51, 782 
40,084 
239,984 

91,644 
40,427 
27, 118 
126,851 
22,654 
46,824 
63,393 
17,999 

241, 197 
103,001 
517.250 


ESTIMATED  NUMBER  WHO 
ARRn'ED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES— 


Before 
Jan.  1, 1901. 


137,870 
101,512 

10,489 
72,214 

17,442 
16,322 
18, 145 
3:714 
4,287 
10.068 
18, 931 

33,779 
13. 574 
12, 151 

6.264 

12,804 
38,027 
29,  .566 
153,055 

53.045 
26,586 
13,091 
82. 189 
11,511 
21,097 
42.934 
10,483 

145,014 
64,728 
337, 168 


Between  Jan.  1, 1901, 
and  Apr.  15, 1910. 


Number. 


37,995 
33,678 

6,931 
31,960 
6,909 
10,306 
38,927 
2,228 
1,767 
5.004 
14,911 

6,274 
4,885 
6,805 
3, 125 

4,105 
13, 755 
10, 518 
86,929 

38,599 
13,841 
14,027 
44,662 
11,143 
25, 727 
20,459 
7,516 

96,183 
38,273 
180,082 


Per 
cent. 


21.6 
24.9 

39.8 
30.7 
28.4 
38.7 
68.2 
37.5 
29.2 
33.2 
44.1 

15.7 
26.5 
35.9 
33.3 

24.3 
26.6 
26.2 
36.2 

42.1 
34.2 
51.7 
35.2 
49.2 
54.9 
32.3 
41.8 

39.9 
37.2 
34.8 


Urban  and  rural  communities. — Table  5  distributes 
the  foreign-born  white  population  in  the  urban  and 
rural  communities,  respectively,  of  each  geographic 
division  according  to  the  time  of  arrival  in  the  United 
States. 


This  table  shows  that  the  more  recent  arrivals  have 
more  generally  gone  to  urban  communities  than  the 
earlier  ones.  In  1910,  of  the  foreign-born  whites  in 
urban  communities  who  reported  the  year  of  immigra- 
tion, 39.S  percent  had  arrived  after  January  1,  1901;  of 


218 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


those  in  rural  communities  only  31.7  per  cent.  Of  the 
4,528,926  foreign-born  whites  who  reported  arrival  after 
January  1,  1901,  3,514,756,  or  77.6  per  cent,  resided 
in  urban  conmiunities,  and  only  1,014,170,  or  22.4 


per  cent,  in  rural  communities;  while  of  the  5,302,515 
who  reported  arrival  in  1890  or  earher,  3,611,131, 
or  68.1  per  cent,  resided  in  urban  communities,  and 
1,691,384,  or  31.9  per  cent,  in  rural  communities. 


T'able  5 


tTnited  States . 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


FOREIGN-BORN  'WHITE  IN  1910,  CLASSIFIED  ACCORDING  TO  YEAR  OF  IMMIGRATION. 


Urban  communities. 


Year  of  immigration. 


1906- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


1.945,819 

346,817 

904,753 

435,287 

94,803 

29,128 

5,431 

17,679 

27,918 

84,003 


1901- 
1905 


1, 568, 937 

265,416 

770,443 

316,937 

74,184 

25,805 

4,922 

14,222 

22,000 

75,008 


1891- 
1900 


1,701,911 

363,899 

783,663 

319,051 

75,312 

29,612 

6,261 

19,112 

26, 195 

78,806 


1890  or 
earlier. 


3,611,131 

630,398 
1,333,461 

929,710 

287,948 
70,665 
29,694 
46,716 
70,540 

211,999 


Year 
un- 
known. 


807,571 

70,060 
257,157 
188,306 
99,449 
36,546 
11,624 
39,079 
26,678 
78,672 


•Per  cent.i 


1906- 
1910 


22.0 

21.6 
23.9 
21.8 
17.8 
18.8 
11.7 
18.1 
19.0 
18.7 


1901 
1905 


17.8 

16.5 
20.3 
15.8 
13.9 
16.6 
10.6 
14.6 
15.0 
16.7 


1900 


ear- 
lier. 


60.2 

61.9 
55.8 
62.4 
68.3 
64.6 
77.6 
67.4 
66.0 
64.6 


Rural  communities. 


Year  of  immigration. 


1906- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


583,102 

22,625 
191,025 
86,721 
91,741 
27,756 
3,156 
32,178 
63,043 
64,857 


1901- 
1905 


431,068 

17,830 
136,011 
75,005 
81,499 
14,454 
2,719 
20,374 
36,916 
46,260 


1891- 
1900 


493,234 

26,665 
120,685 
99,639 
120,053 
10,710 
2,673 
29,817 
36,887 
46,105 


1890  or 
earlier. 


1,691,384 

56,209 

244,511 

503,470 

548,678 

27,655 

13,098 

74,768 

88,672 

134,323 


Year 
un- 
known. 


511, 

14, 

84, 

113, 

139, 

18, 

7, 

54, 

38, 

41, 


Per  cent.i 


1906- 
1910 


18.2 

18.3 
27.6 
11.3 
10.9 
34.4 
14.6 
20.5 
28.0 
22.2 


1901- 
1906 


13.5 

14.5 
19.6 
9.8 
9.7 
17.9 
12.6 
13.0 
16.4 
15.9 


1900 


ear- 
lier. 


68.3 

67.2 
52.8 
78.9 
79.4 
47.6 
72.9 
66.6 
55.7 
61.9 


I  Percentages  based  only  on  the  number  for  whom  the  year  of  immigration  was  reported. 


Principal  cities. — Table  6  distributes  the  foreign- 
bom  whites  of  each  city  of  100,000  inhabitants  or 
more,  as  enumerated  at  the  census  of  1910,  according 
to  the  time  of  arrival  in  the  United  States.  Very 
marked  differences  appear  among  the  cities  with  re- 
spect to  the  proportions  of  the  more  recent  and  the 
earlier  arrivals.     In  New  York  City  23.6  per  cent  of 


those  who  reported  specifically  the  year  of  arrival  had 
arrived  between  January  1,  1906,  and  the  date  of  enu- 
meration in  1910;  22  percent  between  1901  and  1905; 
and  54.4  per  cent  in  1900  or  earlier.  In  New  Orleans, 
on  the  other  hand,  only  9.9  per  cent  reported  arrival 
between  1906  and  1910,  while  78.6  per  cent  reported 
arrival  in  1900  or  earlier. 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE   POPULATION,  BY  YEAR   OF  ARRIVAL   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES,   FOR  CITIES  HAVING 

100.000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 


T'able  6 

CITY. 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Orand  Rapids,  Mich 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

lios  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 


YEAR  OF  IMMIGRATION. 


1906- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


2,501 
646 

10,421 
941 

43,852 


17,758 

6,163 

161,210 

9,633 

48,081 
2,515 
3,744 
4,469 

38,044 


3,997 
3,428 
14, 457 
3, 

8,925 
1,367 
9,854 
783 
19, 528 


1901- 
1905 


2,010 
561 

10,630 
714 

40,332 

6,973 

13,859 

5,516 

130,018 

5,885 

38,603 
1,639 
1,781 
4,467 

23, 594 

7,711 
3,143 
1,955 
11,831 
2,740 

9,110 
1,123 
6,070 


1891- 
1900 


2,238 
655 

12, 820 
814 

57,037 

7,628 
19,636 
7,'" 
132, 389 
5,464 

31,589 
1,541 
1,457 
6,388 

24,144 

12, 123 

3,872 
2,271 
13, 625 
3,078 

9,708 
1, 
9,133 
818 
14,632 


1890 

or 
earlier. 


Year 
un- 
known 


8,996 
1,382 

32,541 
1,658 

93,318 

11,035 
50,266 
14,576 
310,401 
32,685 

71,646 
6,744 
5,783 

19,060 


20,913 
13,520 
9,723 
31,040 
10, 136 

24,507 
11,046 
17,406 
2,  .538 
52,322 


2,420 
1,166 
10,631 
1,573 
6,183 

1,464 

16,925 

384 

47, 199 

3, 125 

5,784 
3,846 
1,082 
4,557 
8,134 

491 
3,803 
2,390 
6,744 
6,284 

8,334 
2,201 
994 
1,519 
11,917 


1906- 
1910 


15.9 
19.9 
15.7 
22.8 
18.7 

26.2 
17.5 
18.0 
22.0 
17.9 

25.3 
20.2 
29.3 
13.0 
25.6 

19.1 
16.3 
19.7 
20.4 
16.2 

17.1 
9.0 
23.2 

15.8 
19.6 


1901- 
1905 


1900 

or  ear- 
lier. 


12.8 
17.3 
16.0 
17.3 
17.2 

20.1 
13.7 
16.1 
17.7 
11.0 

20.3 
13.2 
14.0 
13.0 
15.9 

15.3 

12.8 
11.3 
16.7 
14.4 

17.4 
7.4 
14.3 
16.4 
13.1 


71.3 
62.8 
68.3 
59.9 
64.1 

53.8 
68.9 
65.9 
60.3 
71.1 

54.4 
66.6 
56.7 
74.0 
58.5 

65.6 
70.9 
69.0 
63.0 
69.4 

65.5 
83.7 
62.5 
67.8 
67.3 


Minneapolis,  Minn 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

NewYork,  N.  Y 

Newark,  N.  J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.  I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scran  ton.  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Toledo.  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


YEAR  OP  IMMIGRATION. 


i9oe- 

Apr.  15, 
1910 


11, 872 

281 

8,536 

1,909 

438,743 

24,306 
5,426 
4,626 
7,992 

72,516 

28,851 

8,256 

15,403 

587 

12,959 

21,335 
7,439 

18, 742 
6, 598 

11,166 

3, 

6,074 
4,024 
2,837 
10,485 


1901- 
1905 


12,971 

281 

8,382 

2,230 

407,865 

21,069 
4,' 
3,066 
7,111 

67, 110 

26,763 

6,235 

13,397 

456 


16,274 
6,663 

19, 262 
5,546 
9,595 

2,861 
3,678 
3,467 
2,494 

7' 


1891- 
1900 


12, 771 

380 

9,227 

3,596 

419, 893 

21.507 
6,045 
3,425 
9,048 

69,094 

23,333 

6,002 

17, 325 

499 


14,006 
7,639 

20,812 
5,676 
9,360 

2,901 
4,618 
4,606 
3,203 
10, 710 


1890 

or 
earlier. 


35,812 

1,652 

14,943 

11,582 

589,205 

38,215 
18, 771 
12, 277 
17,953 
141, 574 

49,482 
15,285 
27, 321 
1,341 
24,435 

59, 578 
28,093 
57,589 
14,542 
17,998 

7,184 
11,632 
14,857 
10,255 
18,015 


Year 
un- 
known 


12,512 

399 

1,6% 

8,369 

71,997 

5,558 
1,611 
3,674 
3,294 
32,284 

12,007 
8,002 
2,&57 
1,202 
3,720 

14,513 
6,690 

14, 469 
2, 7,50 

12, 716 

4,471 
4,779 
5,083 
5,562 
1.418 


1906- 
1910 


16.2 
10.8 
20.8 
9.9 
23.6 

23.1 
15.4 
19.8 
19.0 
20.7 

22.5 
23.1 
21.0 
20.4 
23.4 

19.2 
14.9 
16.1 
20.4 
23.2 

22.7 
23.4 
14.9 
15.1 
22.3 


1901- 
1905 


17.7 
10.8 
20.4 
11.5 
22.0 

20.0 
14.1 
13.1 
16.9 
19.2 

20.8 
17.4 
18.2 
15.8 
16.1 

14.6 
13.4 
16.5 
17.1 
19.9 

17.1 
14.1 
12.9 
13.3 
16.7 


1900 

or  ear- 
lier. 


66.2 
78.3 
58.8 
78.6 
54.4 

56.8 

70.5. 

67.1 

64.1 

60.1 

56.7 
59.5 
60.8 
63.8 
60.5 

66.2 
71.7 
67.4 
62.5 
56.9 

60.2 
62.5 
72.2 
71.6 
61.0 


1  Percentages  based  only  on  the  number  for  whom  the  year  of  immigration  was  reported. 


Chapter  7. 
SCHOOL   ATTENDANCE    AND   ILLITERACY. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  prfesents  in  condensed 
form  the  principal  statistics  relative  to  school  attend- 
ance and  illiteracy  obtained  at  the  Thirteenth  Census, 
taken  as  of  April  15,  1910,  with  comparative  figures 
for  prior  censuses.  Statistics  are  presented  for  the 
states  and  principal  cities  of  the  United  States. 
Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and  other  outlying  pos- 
sessions are  not  included. 

In  the  first  part  of  the  chapter  relating  to  school 
attendance  figures  are  given  for  the  whole  number 
of  persons  attending  school  in  1909-10,  but  compari- 
sons with  the  population  are  confined  to  persons  from 
€  to  20  years  of  age.  A  full  discussion  is  given  for 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  for  different  classes  of 
the  population,  classified  by  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage,  by  sex,  and  by  age  groups,  with  further 
details  regarding  the  population  living  in  urban  com- 


mimities  and  rural  districts.  Similar  material  in 
more  condensed  form  is  given  for  the  geographic  divi- 
sions and  states  and  for  the  principal  cities.  Com- 
parative figures  for  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900 
relate  to  the  population  from  5  to  20  years  of  age. 

In  the  second  part  of  the  chapter  relating  to  illit- 
eracy figures  are  presented  for  the  United  States  as  a 
whole  for  the  population  10  years  of  age  ^nd  over, 
classified  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  parentage,  sex, 
and  age,  and  as  resident  ia  urban  communities  and 
rural  districts.  Similar  statistics  in  more  condensed 
form  are  given  for  each  of  the  geographic  divisions  and 
states  and  for  the  principal  cities.  The  chapter  also 
gives  a  separate  discussion  of  illiteracy  in  two  im- 
portant classes  of  the  population,  namely,  children 
from  10  to  14  years  of  age  and  males  21  years  of  age 
and  over. 


SCHOOL   ATTENDAXCE. 


UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE:  1009-10. 

The  statistics  of  school  attendance  of  the  census  of 
1910  are  based  upon  the  answers  to  a  question  on  the 
population  schedule  as  to  whether  the  person  enu- 
merated had  attended  school  between  September  1, 
1909,  and  the  date  of  enumeration,  April  15,  1910.  If 
the  person  enumerated  had  attended  any  kind  of  school 
for  any  length  of  time  during  the  period  in  question, 
an  affirmative  answer  was  to  be  entered  upon  the 
scliedule. 

Persons  attending  school,  classified  by  color  or  race, 
nativity,  and  parentage. — The  total  number  of  per- 
sons reported  as  having  attended  school  between 
September  1,  1909,  and  April  15,  1910,  was  18,009,891. 
It  is  not  to  be  understood  that  aU  of  these  persons  were 
in  school  on  April  15,  or  that  they  were  simultaneously 
attending  school  at  any  time  during  the  period. 
They  represent  the  whole  number  who  had  any  rela- 
tion as  pupils  to  the  schools  of  the  country  during 
this  time,  and  may,  for  brevity,  be  designated  as 
persons  attending  school  in  1909-10.  Though  the 
period  falls  from  two  to  two  and  a  half  months  short 
of  the  entire  school  year  1909-10,  the  number  of  per- 
sons who  enter  school  in  April,  May,  and  June  of  any 
school  year  who  have  not  been  at  school  earlier  in  the 
year  is  an  insignificant  part  of  the  whole  enrollment. 
Hence  the  period  covered  by  the  census  enumeration 
can  be  regarded  as  practically  identical  with  the  school 
year.  Table  1  shows  the  distribution  of  the  persons 
attending  school  in  1909-10  among  the  several  color 
or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups. 


Table  1 

CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 

PERSONS  ATTENDING 
SCHOOL,  1909-10. 

Per  cent 
distribu- 
tion ^ 

Number. 

Per  cent 
of  total. 

of  total 
popula- 
tion. 

Totel 

18,009,891 

100.0 

100  0 

White 

16,279,292 
15,627,786 
11,110,683 
4,517,203 
651,506 

1,670,650 

53,458 

3,887 

2,512 

92 

90.4 
86.8 
61.7 
26.1 
3.6 

9.3 
0.3 

J'! 

88  9 

Native 

Native  parentage 

74.4 
53  8 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign  bom 

20.5 
14  5 

Negro 

10  7 

Inman 

0  3 

Chinese 

0  1 

Japanese 

0  1 

Another 

« 

I  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Of  the  persons  attending  school,  90.4  per  cent  were 
whites  and  9.3  per  cent  were  negroes,  the  native  whites 
constituting  86.8  per  cent  of  the  total.  The  distri- 
bution of  the  white  persons  attending  school  among 
the  different  nativity  and  parentage  groups  differs 
considerably  from  the  corresponding  distribution  of 
the  population  at  large.  This  difference,  however,  is 
not  primarily  attributable  to  divergent  tendencies 
with  regard  to  school  attendance  among  these  elements 
of  the  population,  but  results  largely  from  differences 
between  the  nativity  and  parentage  distribution  of  the 
adult  white  population  and  that  of  the  white  popu- 
lation of  the  usual  school  ages. 

Persons  attending  school,  classified  by  sex. — Table  2 
shows  the  distribution  by  sex  of  the  persons  in  each 
color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  group  attending 
school  in  1909-10.    It  shows  also  the  number  of  males 

(219) 


220 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


to  100  females  for  the  entire  number  attending  school, 
for  those  in  the  age  group  6  to  20  years,  and  for  the 
total  population  in  the  group  6  to  20  years. 


Table  2 

PERSONS  ATTENDING 
SCHOOL,  1909-10. 

MALES  TO  100  FEMALES. 

CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 

Male. 

Female. 

Among  persons 
attending  school. 

In  total 
popu- 
lation 
6  to  20 
years 
of  age. 

All  ages. 

6  to  20 
years 
of  age. 

Total  

9,037,655 

8,972,236 

100.7 

100.3 

100.7 

White 

8,220,847 
7,882,607 
5,611,901 

2,270,706 
338,240 

783,869 

8,058,445 
7,745,179 
5,498,682 

2,246,497 
313,266 

886,781 

102.0 
101.8 
102.1 

101.1 
108.0 

88.4 

101.5 
101.4 
101.6 

100.8 
105.6 

88.4 

101.4 

Native 

101.0 

Native  parentage. . . 

Foreign  or  mixed 

parentage 

101.6 

99.7 
108.1 

Negro 

95.4 

A  slight  excess  of  males  appears  among  the  per- 
sons attending  school,  there  being  100.7  males  to  each 
100  females.  This  excess  of  males  is  found  in  all  of 
the  groups  given  in  the  table,  except  in  the  case  of  the 
negroes,  where  the  females  considerably  outnumbered 
the  males.  For  the  persons  6  to  20  years  of  age 
attending  school  the  excess  of  males  was  somewhat 
less  than  among  all  persons  attending  school.  This 
excess  corresponded  approximately  for  most  of  the 
groups  to  the  excess  of  males  in  the  total  population 
6  to  20  years  of  age. 

Persons  attending  school,  classified  by  age  groups. — 
Table  3  shows  the  age  distribution,  by  color  or  race, 
nativity,  and  parentage  groups,  of  persons  who  were 
reported  as  attending  school. 


The  great  majority  of  persons  attending  school  are 
between  the  ages  of  6  and  20  years,  inclusive,  which 
correspond  precisely  to  the  limits  of  school  age  as  de- 
fined by  the  laws  of  many  states,  and  approximately 
to  the  limits  established  in  most  other  states.  Of  the 
total  numfcer  of  persons  attending  school  in  1909-10, 
17,300,204,  or  96.1  per  cent,  were  between  6  and  20 
years  of  age,  inclusive,  while  only  2.2  per  cent  were 
under  6  and  only  1.7  per  cent  were  over  21.  The 
group  6  to  9  years  of  age  included  31.5  per  cent  of 
all  persons  attending  school;  the  group  from  10  to 

14  years  included  44.6  per  cent;  and  the  group  from 

15  to  20  years  included  20  per  cent.  It  may  be  noted 
that  the  age  periods  indicated  are  not  of  equal  length, 
the  first  including  four  years;  the  second,  five;  and 
the  third,  six. 

In  this  and  other  tables  percentages  are  given  for 
the  age  groups  15  to  17  years  and  18  to  20  years, 
but  for  economy  of  space  the  absolute  figures  on 
which  percentages  are  based  have  been  omitted  from 
some  of  the  other  tables. 

The  age  distribution  of  the  persons  attending  school 
does  not  vary  greatly  among  the  principal  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage  groups  shown  in  Table  3.  Among  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage  the  percentage  who 
were  from  15  to  20  years  of  age  was  noticeably  larger 
than  among  the  foreign-born  w^hites  or  the  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  proportion  of  the  foreign-born  whites'  who 
were  over  20  years  of  age  was  much  higher  than  the 
corresponding  proportion  among  the  native  white 
classes. 


Table  3 


AGE  PERIOD. 


Total 

Under  6  years . . . 

6to9year3 

10  to  14  years 

16  to  20  years 

15  to  17  years 
18  to  20  years 

21  years  and  over 


PERSONS  ATTENDINO  SCHOOL,  1909-10. 


All  classes. 


Number. 


18,009,891 


396, 
6,678, 
8,028, 
3,593, 
2,748, 
844, 
313, 


Per 
cent  of 
total 


100.0 


2.2 
31.6 
44.6 
20.0 
15.3 
4.7 
1.7 


White. 


Total. 


Number. 


16,279,292 


5, 174, 
7,212, 
3,237, 
2,473, 
764, 
287, 


Per 
cent  of 
total 


100.0 


2.3 
31.8 
44.3 
19.9 
15.2 
4.7 
1.8 


Native. 


Total. 


Number. 


15,627,786 


355,355 
4,981,031 
6,904,115 
3, 135, 123 
2,400,268 
734,855 
252,162 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 


2.3 
31.9 
44.2 
20.1 
15.4 
4.7 
1.6 


Native  parentage.    ^^X^^e!^'" 


Number. 


Per 
cent  of 
total 


11,110,583 


217,  IS9 
3,477,957 
4,827,471 
2,395,763 
1,809,055 
586,708 
192,203 


100.0 


2.0 
31.3 
43.4 
21.6 
16.3 
5.3 
1.7 


Number. 


4,517,203 


138,166 
503,074 
076,644 
739,360 
591,213 
148, 147 
59,959 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


Foreign  bom. 


Number. 


100.0      651,506 


11,445 
193,316 
308,492 
102,639 
73,015 
29,624 
35,614 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 

100.0 


Negro. 


Number. 


1,670,650 


28,560 
488,954 
791,995 
338,750 
264,005 
74,745 
22,391 


Per 
centof 

total. 

100.0 


1.7 
29.3 
47.4 
20.3 
15.8 
4.5 
1.3 


Percentage  attending  school,  by  age  groups. — Some 
of  the  most  significant  inforaiation  to  be  derived  from 
statistics  of  school  attendance  is  obtained  by  compar- 
ing the  number  of  persons  of  a  given  group  attending 
school  with  the  total  number  of  persons  in  that  group, 
and  thus  showing  the  proportion  of  school  attendance. 
Inasmuch  as  school  attendance  is  not  customary  among 
persons  under  6  or  over  20  years  of  age,  comparisons 
of  this  character  are  in  general  best  confined  to  persons 
from  6  to  20  years  of  age. 


Table  4  shows,  by  age  groups,  for  the  United  States 
as  a  whole,  the  proportion  of  the  entire  population  who 
attended  school  in  1909-10. 

Pei-sons  reported  as  attending  school  constituted 
19.6  per  cent  of  the  total  population  of  the  country. 
For  persons  under  6  years  of  age  the  proportion  at- 
tending school  was  only  3.1  per  cent,  and  for  pei"sons 
of  21  and  over  only  0.6  per  cent.  The  total  number 
of  persons  between  the  ages  of  6  and  20  years,  in- 
clusive, in   1910  was  27,750,599,   of  which  number 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


221 


17,300,204,  or  62.3  per  cent,  attended  school  at  some 
time  between  September  1,  1909,  and  April  15,  1910. 


Table  4 


AGE  PERIOD. 


Population: 
1910 


Total 

Under  6  years 

6  to  20  years 

6  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  20  years 

15  to  17  years 

18  to  20  years 

21  years  and  over 


91,972,266 


PEBSONS  ATTKNDINO 
SCHOOL,  1909-10. 


Number. 


i  Percent. 


18,009,891 


19.6 


12,666,702 
27,750,599 

7,725,234  ! 

9,187,140  1 
10,918,225 

6,372,176 

5,546,049  I 
51,554,905 


396,431 
17,300,204 
5,678,320 
8,028,662 
3,593,222 
2,748,386 
844,836 
313,256 


3.1 
62.3 
73.5 
88.2 
32.9 
51.2 
15.2 

0.6 


School  attendance  is  much  more  common  between 
the  ages  of  6  and  14  years  than  during  the  later  years 


of  youth.  It  is  most  common  between  the  ages  of  8 
and  13,  inclusive.  Compulsory  school  attendance 
laws,  which  in  1910  existed  in  all  but  7  of  the  states  of 
the  Union,  seldom  require  attendance  beyond  the  age 
of  14,  and  many  children  after  reachmg  that  age 
drop  out  of  school.  School  attendance  is  never  re- 
quired by  law  before  the  age  of  7  years  and  in  the  ma- 
jority of  states  not  before  8  years,  although  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  children  of  6  and  a  still  larger 
proportion  of  those  of  7  usually  attend  school,  es- 
pecially in  cities.  Hence  the  proportion  of  school 
attendance  for  the  group  10  to  14  years  (88.2  per  cent) 
was  considerably  higher  than  that  for  the  age  group  6 
to  9  years  (73.5  per  cent),  and  very  much  higher  than 
that  for  the  age  group  15  to  20  years  (32.9  per  cent). 


Table  5 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION"  AND 

sxx. 


Total 

Male 

Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

Chinese 

Japanese 

Another 

Native  white 

Male 

Female 

Native  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  par 

Male 

Female 

Foreign-bom  white 

Male 

Female 


Total 

number 

of  persons 

attending 

school, 

1909-10. 


PEKSONS  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF 
AG*E. 


Total 
number. 


Attending 
school. 


Nombcr. 


18,009,891;  27,750,59917.300.204 
9,037,655;  13,924,694]  8.661,848 
8,972,236;    13,825,905   8,638,358 


16,279,292 
8,220,847 
8,068,446 
1,670,660 
783,809 
886,781 

53,468 

3,887 

2,612 

92 

16,627,786 
7,882,607 
7,745,179 

11,110,583 
5,611,901! 
6,498,682i 
4,517,203 
2,270,706! 
2,246,497 

651,506; 
338,240 
313,266 


24,220,868,15,624,716 
12,195.148  7,872,132 
12,026,720  7,762,684 


3,422,167 
1,670,979 
1,751,178 


1,619,600 
760,813 
850,886 


94,529  51,043 

6,978  3,263 

6,n6  1,427 

352'  56 


22, 978, 826 16, 
11,303,940  ~ 
11,284,886 
16.007,393 
8,062,850 
7,944,643 
6,671,432 
3,331,090 
3,340,342 


020,260 
661,644 
468,626 
701,191 
393,744 
307,44^ 
319,078 
167,900 
151,178 


1,542.043  604.44' 
801.208  310,488 
740,835   293,950 


Per 

cent. 


62.3 
62.2 
62.6 


PERSONS  6  TO  9  TSARS  OF 
AOK. 


Attending 
school. 


Total 
ntimber. ' 


Number. 


7,725,234  5,678,320 
3,896,287  2,856,580 
3,828,947{  2,821,740 


6,703,748:  6,174,347 

3,388,433!  2,611,957 

3,315,315  2,562,390 

990,850       488,954 

492,466|      237,162 

496,384       251,792 


28,907 

066 

704 

9 

6,452,309 
3,261,604 
3.190.705 
4,622,327 
2,340,830 
2,281,497 
1,829,982 
920, 774 
909,208 


13,984 

604 

426 

6 

4,981,031 
2, 514, 191 
2,466,840 
3,477,957 
1,757,051 
1,720,906 
1,503,074 
757, 140 
745,934 


251,4391  193,316 
126,829;  97,766 
124, 610!        06,660 


Per 

cent. 


73.5 
73.3 
73.7 


PERSONS  10  TO  14  YEARS 
or  AOE. 


77.21 
77.1 
77.3 
49.3 
48.2 
50.6 

48.4 
63.2 
56.8 
(') 

77.2 
77.1 
77.3 
7.5.2 
75.1 
76.4 
82.1 
82.2 
82.0 

76.9 
77.1 
76.7 


Total 
number. 


9,107,140 
4,601,753 
4,505,387 


7,918,408 
4,006,104 
3,912,304 
1,155,266 
578,074 
677, 192 

31,393 

1,576 

477 

21 

7,560,078 
3,824,801 
3,735,277 
5,324,283 
2,700,666 
2,623,627 
2,235,795 
1,124,145 
1,111,650 

358,330 
181.303 
177,027 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8.028.662 
4,036,105 
3,992,567 


7,212,607 

3,643,988 

3,568,619 

791,995 

379,486 

412,509 

22,446 

1,221 

375 

18 

6,904,115 
3,486,397 
3,417,718 
4,827,471 
2,439,554 
2,387,917 
2,076,644 
1,046,843 
1,029,801 

308.492 
157,591 
150,901 


Per 

cent. 


88.2 
87.7 
88.6 


91.1 
91.0 
91.2 
68.6 
65.6 
71.5 

71.5 
77.5 
78.6 
0) 

91.3 
91.2 
91.5 
90.7 
90.3 
91.0 
92.9 
93.1 
92.6 

86.1 
86.9 
85.2 


PERSONS  15  TO  20  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total 
number. 


10,918,225 
6,426,654 
5,491,671 


9,598,712 
4,800,611 
4. 798, 101 
1,276,041 
600,439 
675,602 

34,229 

4,447 

4,474 

322 

8,666,438 
4,307,535 
4,358,903 
6,060,783 
3,021,364 
3,039,419 
2,605,655 
1,286,171 
1,319,484 

932,274 
493,076 
439,198 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


3,593,222 
1,769,161 
1,824,061 


3,237,762 

1,616,187 

1,621,575 

338,750 

143, 165 

195,586 

14,613 

1,438 

626 

33 

3,135,123 

1,561,056 

1.574,067 

2,395,763 

1,197,139 

1,198,624 

739,360 

363,917 

375,443 

102,639 
55,131 
47.508 


Per 
cent. 


32.9 
32.6 
33.2 


33.7 
33.7 
33.8 
26.5 
23.8 
28.9 

42.7 
3Z3 
14.0 
10.2 

36.2 
36.2 
36.1 
39  5 
39  6 
39  4 
28.4 
28.3 
28.5 

11.0 
11.2 
10.8 


OTHERS  ATTEND- 
ING SCHOOL. 


6vears    ®!»f® 
oUge.l    '^^ 


396,4311  313,256 
196,572  179,237 
199,859  134,019 


366,800  287,776 
182,602  166,113 


184, 198 
28,560 
13,452 
15,108 

962 
64 
45 


355,355 
176,820 
178,536 
217,189 
107,768 
109,421 
138,166 
69,052 
69,114 


121,663 
22,391 
10,604 
11,787 

1,453 

560 

1,040 


252, 162 
144,143 
108,019 
192,203 
110,389 
81,814 
59,959 
33,764 
26,205 


11,445  35,614 
6,782;  21,970 
5,663  13,644 


Percentage  attending  school,  by  color  or  race,  nativity, 
and  parentage. — Table  5  shows  the  number  and  percent- 
age of  the  population  who  attended  school  in  1909-10 
by  age  groups,  and  by  race,  nativit}',  and  parentage, 
and  by  sex.     Table  6  summarizes  the  percentages. 


Table  6 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total. 


PEE  CEKT  OF  POPULATION  ATTENDING 
SCHOOL,  1909-10. 


6to20i  6to9 


years 
ofstge. 


years 
of  age. 


62.3'     73.5 


10  to  14, 

years 

of  »««•  i  Total, 


88.2 


V/hlte 64. 5 


Native 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 
Foreign  bom 


Negro. 


66.2 
66.9 
64.7 
39.2 

47.3 


77.2 
77.2 
75.2 
82.1 
76.9 

49.3 


91.1 
91.3 
90.7 
92.9 
86.1 


>  Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100. 

For  the  entire  group  compri-sing  persons  from  6  to  20 
years  of  age,  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
showed  a  higher  percentage  of  persons  attending 
school  (66.9)  than  any  other  class  of  the  population, 
though  not  very  much  higher  than  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage.  The  percentages  shown 
by  the  foreign-born  whites  (39.2)  and  by  the  negroes 
(47.3)  were  much  lower.  Marked  differences  appear 
in  some  of  the  minor  age  groups.  For  children  from  6 
to  9  years  of  age  the  highest  percentage  of  school  attend- 
ance was  among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage ;  and  even  for  the  foreign-born  whites  the  per- 
centage was  higher  than  for  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage.  These  elements  of  the  foreign  stock  live 
more  largely  in  urban  communities,  where  the  pro- 
portion of  young  children  attending  school  is  rela- 
tively high,  than  do  the  native  whites  of  purely  native 
parentage.     For  children  from  10  to  14  years  of  age 


15  to  20  years  of  age. 


32.9 


33.7 
36.2 
39.5 
28.4 
11.0 


8.6  !  28.5 


15  to  17 
years 
of age. 


51.2 


18  to  20 
years 
of age. 


15.2 


52.4 
54.3 
58.9 
43.8 
24.8 

41.5 


15.7 
17.3 
19.6 
11.8 
4.6 

11.7 


222 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION 


also  the  highest  percentage  attending  school  was  found 
among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parent- 
age. On  the  other  hand,  in  the  group  from  15  to 
20  years  of  age  the  proportion  of  school  attendance 
was  much  higher  among  native  whites  of  native  pa- 
rentage than  among  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage,  while  for  the  latter  in  turn  it  was  very 
much  higher  than  for  the  foreign-born  whites.  The 
low  proportion  of  foreign-bom  whites  from  15  to  20 
years  of  age  attending  school  results  in  part  from  the 
fact  that  very  many  children  leave  school  as  soon  as 
the  law  permits,  and  in  part  from  the  fact  that  immi- 
gration swells  the  number  of  persons  in  this  age  group, 
bringing  in  large  numbers  who  are  beyond  the  age 
limits  of  compulsory  school  attendance,  and  who  for  this 
reason  never  attend  school  in  the  United  States.  In 
all  of  the  age  groups  the  percentage  of  school  attend- 
ance among  the  negroes  was  materially  lower  than 
among  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage. 

Percentage  attending  school,  by  sex. — Table  7  shows, 
by  age  groups  and  by  classes  of  population,  for  males 
and  females,  respectively,  the  percentage  who  attended 
school  in  1909-10. 


Table  7 

PER  CENT  OF  POPULATION  ATTENDING  SCHOOL, 
1909-10. 

CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 

6  to  20  years 
of  age. 

6  to  9  years 
of  age. 

10  to  14 

years  of 

age. 

15  to  20 

years  of 

age. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

Total      

62.2 

62.6 

73.3 

73.7 

87.7 

88.6 

32.6 

33.2 

White 

64.6 
66.4 
66.9 
65.1 
38.8 

45.5 

64.5 
66.1 
66.8 
64.4 
39.7 

49.1 

77.1 
77.1 
75.1 
82.2 
77.1 

48.2 

77.3 
77.3 
75.4 
82.0 
76.7 

50.5 

91.0 
91.2 
90.3 
93.1 
86.9 

65.6 

91.2 
91.5 
91.0 
92.6 
85.2 

71.5 

33.7 
36.2 
39.6 
28.3 
11.2 

23.8 

33.8 

36.1 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 
Foreign  bom 

39.4 
28.5 
10.8 

N^;ro 

28.9 

In  general  there  was  comparatively  Uttle  difference 
between  the  two  sexes  in  the  percentage  of  school 
attendance.  For  the  total  population  from  6  to  20 
years  of  age  the  percentage  of  males  attending  school 
was  62.2  and  of  females  62.5,  but  in  both  of  the 
native  white  groups,  which  are  the  largest  groups,  the 
proportion  for  males  was  slightly  higher  than  that 
for  females,  this  difference  being  somewhat  more  than 
offset  in  the  total  by  the  higher  proportion  for  females 
among  the  foreign-born  whites  and  among  the  negroes. 

The  differences  in  the  percentages  for  males  and 
females  in  the  entire  group  from  6  to  20  years  of  age 
are  partly  due  to  differences  in  the  age  distribution  of 
the  two  sexes.  Thus,  in  the  case  of  native  whites  of 
native  parentage,  the  percentage  of  school  attendance 
in  1909-10  was  slightly  lower  among  the  males  from 
6  to  9  years  of  age  and  among  those  from  10  to  14  than 
among  females  in  these  two  age  groups;  but  notwith- 
standing this  fact  the  proportion  for  the  whole  group 
of  persons  of  school  age — ^from  6  to  20  years,  inclu- 
sive— was  higher  for  males  than  for  females. 


Percentage  attending  school  in  the  nrban  and  rural 
population. — There  are  somewhat  important  differ- 
ences between  urban  communities  and  rural  districts 
with  respect  to  school  attendance.  Table  8  shows  the 
distribution,  by  age  groups,  of  the  persons  in  the  urban 
and  in  the  rural  population,  respectively,  who  were 
reported  as  having  attended  school  in  1909-10.  The 
Bureau  of  the  Census  classifies  as  urban  population 
that  residing  in  cities  and  other  incorporated  places 
of  2,500  inhabitants  or  more,  including  New  England 
towns  of  that  population. 


Table  8 


AGE  PERIOD. 


Total 

Under  6  years 

6  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  20  years 

15  to  17  years. 

18  to  20  years. 
21  years  and  over. 


PERSONS  ATTENDING  SCHOOL,   1909-10. 


In  urban  communities. 


Number. 


7,480,020 

212,994 

2,442,305 

3,326,340 

1,330,324 

1,003,041 

327,283 

168,057 


Per  cent 
of  total. 


100.0 

2.8 
32.7 
44.5 
17.8 
13.4 
4.4 
2.2 


In  rural  districts. 


Number. 


10,529,871 

183,437 

3,236,015 

4,702,322 

2,262,898 

1,745,345 

517,553 

145,199 


Per 

cent 

of  total. 


100.0 

1.7 
30.7 
44.7 
21.5 
16.6 
4.9 
1.4 


In  general  the  persons  attending  school  in  cities 
and  villages  were  younger  than  those  attending  school 
in  the  rural  districts. 

The  differences  in  this  respect  are  further  indicated 
in  Table  9.  (For  the  corresponding  absolute  numbers 
see  Table  15,  pages  229  and  230.) 


Table  9 


AGE  PERIOD. 


6  to  20  years,  Inclusive  . 

6  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years 

15  to  20  years , 

15  to  17  years 

18  to  20  years. . . 


PER  CENT  OF  POPtJLATIGN  ATTENDING  SCHOOL, 
1909-10. 


In  urban  communities. 


Total. 


61.6 

81.7 
91.7 
27.1 
43.8 
12.6 


Male. 


62.0 

81.7 
91.8 
26.6 
42.4 
12.5 


Fe- 
male. 


61.3 

81.7 
91.6 
27.6 
45.2 
12.5 


In  rural  districts. 


Total. 


68.3 
85.8 
37.6 
56.6 
17.7 


Male. 


62.4 

68.1 
85.1 
37.2 
55.4 
18.0 


Fe- 
male. 


63.4 

68.6 
86.5 
38.1 
57. » 
17.  a 


For  the  entire  group,  comprising  persons  from  6  to 
20  years  of  age,  the  proportion  attending  school  in 
1909-10  was  slightly  higher  in  rural  districts  than  in 
urban  communities  (62.9  per  cent  as  compared  with 
61.6  per  cent).  This,  however,  is  due  entirely  to  the 
fact  that  for  the  older  children,  from  15  to  20  years  of 
age,  the  percentage  attending  school  in  the  rural  dis- 
tricts was  much  the  higher.  For  children  from  6  to 
9  years  of  age  the  percentage  was  much  higher,  and 
for  those  from  10  to  14  considerably  higher,  in  the 
urban  than  in  the  rural  population.  The  distance  of 
the  schools  from  the  homes  often  precludes  the  attend- 
ance of  young  children  in  rural  districts,  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  school  attendance  for  at  least  a  part  of 
the  year  conflicts  less  with  the  industrial  activity  of 
the  older  children  in  rural  than  in  urban  communities. 

For  the  entire  group  of  persons  from  6  to  20  years 
of  age,  inclusive,  the  proportion  of  school  attendance 
was  slightly  higher  among  males  than  among  females 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


22a 


in  urban  communities,  but  slightly  the  higher  among 
females  in  the  rural  districts. 

Table  10  shows,  for  the  several  color  or  race,  nativ- 
ity, and  parentage  classes,  the  proportion  of  the  urban 
and  of  the  rural  population  in  the  different  age  groups 
attending  school. 


Table  lO 


AGE  PEBIOD. 


i  to  20  yean,  incluslTe 

6  to  9  years 

10  to  14  years. .   . 
15  to  20  years 

15  to  17  years. 

18  to  20  years. 


PEE   CEKT  OF   POPXTLATION   ATTENDING   SCHOOL, 
1909-10. 


AU 
classes. 


61.6 
81.7 
91.7 
27.1 
...143.8 
.. .112.5 


« 


62. 

3 
85.8 
37.6 
56.6 
17.7 


Native  white. 


Total. 


65.1 

82.9 
92.8 
30.6 
46.5 
14.8 


67.1 
73.3 
90.3 
40.7 
60.2 
19.4 


Native 
parent- 


65.9 
81.5 
92.7 
34.5 
52.6 
17.7 


Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 


67.364.2 
72.584.6 


7 
42.3 
62.1 
20.8 


92.9 
25.5 
39.4 
10.9 


65.8 
77.6 
92.8 
33.7 
51.9 
13.6 


Foreign- 
bom 
white. 


39. 8  36. 9 

.  5  65. 3 

88.3  78.9 
11.0:11.0 
24.2127.1 

4.81  3.9 


Negro. 


81.7 
66.2 


22.6 
39.3 


46.1 

45.5 


80.865.6 


27.9 
42.1 


9.012.7 


For  all  persons  of  school  age  the  proportion  of  school 
attendance  among  native  whites  both  of  native 
parentage  and  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  was 
somewhat  higher  in  rur^  districts  than  in  urban  com- 
munities, but  among  the  foreign-born  whites  and  the 
negroes  the  percentage  was  materially  higher  in  the 
urban  communities. 

DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909-10. 

Number  and  percentage  attending  school,  by  age 
groups. — Table  11,  on  page  224,  shows  by  divisions 
and  states  the  number  of  persons  attending  school 
distributed  by  age  groups,  together  with  the  total 
population  in  the  principal  age  groups. 

Comparing  the  geographic  divisions,  it  appears  that 
for  the  entire  group  of  persons  6  to  20  years  of  age  the 
proportion  attending  school  was  lowest  in  the  South 
Atlantic  division,  where  56.7  per  cent  attended  school 
in  1909-10,  and  highest  in  the  West  North  Central 
division,  where  67.9  per  cent  attended  school.  In  the 
group  from  6  to  9  years  of  age  the  variation  among 
the  divisions  was  more  marked,  the  proportion  ranging 
from  56.9  per  cent  in  the  West  South  Central  division 
to  89.3  per  cent  in  the  New  England  division.  In 
each  of  the  four  northern  divisions  more  than  four- 
fifths  of  the  children  of  this  age  attended  school,  in 
each  of  the  threo  southern  divisions  about  three-fifths, 
and  in  the  two  western  divisions  about  three-fourths. 
In  the  age  group  showing  the  maximum  school 
attendance — that  comprising  children  from  10  to  14 


years  of  age — the  proportion  attending  school  was,  in 
the  three  southern  divisions,  about  four-fifths,  and  in 
the  northern  and  western  divisions  over  nine-tenths, 
with  a  maximum  of  94.1  per  cent  in  the  New  England 
and  Pacific  divisions.  Among  persons  from  15  to  20 
years  of  age  the  proportion  attending  school  was 
lowest  (26.2  per  cent)  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division. 
In  the  New  England  and  East  North  Central  divisions 
also  less  than  one-third  of  the  persons  of  these  ages 
were  reported  as  attending  school,  but  in  aU  other 
divisions  of  the  country  the  proportion  was  more  than 
one-third,  the  maximum  (40.5  per  cent)  being  in  the 
Mountain  division. 

Persons  6  to  20  years  of  age  attending  school. — ^Table 
12,  page  225,  shows  the  total  number  of  males  and  of 
females  from  6  to  20  years  of  age,  with  the  number  and 
percentage  attending  school,  by  divisions  and  states. 

The  United  States  as  a  whole  and  all  but  two  of  the 
divisions  show  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of  girls 
than  of  boys  attending*  school.  The  exceptions  are 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  East  North  Central  divisions, 
where  the  proportion  of  boys  attending  school  was 
slightly  larger  than  that  of  girls. 

The  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  distribu- 
tion of  the  population  from  6  to  20  years  of  age,  with 
the  number  and  percentage  reported  as  attending 
school  in  1909-10,  is  shown  by  divisions  and  states  in 
Table  13,  page  227. 

In  every  division  the  proportion  of  persons  attend- 
ing school  was  higher  among  the  native  whites  of 
native  parentage  than  in  any  other  group,  native 
whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  negroes,  and 
foreign-bom  whites  following  in  the  order  named. 

The  variation  among  the  divisions  in  the  proportion 
of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  from  6  to  20 
years  of  age  attending  school  was  comparatively 
slight;  the  maximum  proportion  (72.2  per  cent)  was 
in  the  New  England  division,  and  the  minimum  (62.8 
per  cent)  in  the  South  Atlantic  division.  The  maxi- 
mum proportion  for  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage  (69.3  per  cent)  was  in  the  New 
England  division,  and  the  minimum  (51.8  per  cent) 
in  the  West  South  Central  division;  the  next  higher  per- 
centage, however,  was  decidedly  above  the  minimum. 
The  range  of  variation  for  the  foreign-bom  whites  and 
the  negroes  was  also  very  considerable.  Moreover,  it 
may  be  noted  that  the  divergence  between  the  pro- 
portion of  negroes  attending  school  and  that  of  na- 
tive whites  of  native  parentage  attending  school  is 
most  marked  where  the  negroes  are  most  numerous — 
in  the  three  southern  divisions. 


224 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE,  BY  AGE  PERIODS,  FOR  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table  11 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States . . . 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska.. 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total 
number  of 

persons 
attending 

school. 


18,009,891 


1,222,228 
3,531,373 
3,576,003 
2,530,591 
2,418,444 
1,730,191 
1,795,100 
505,191 
700, 770 


1, 


1, 


140,831 
77,550 
70,531 

630, 119 
96,242 

206,955 

650,863 
409,272 
411,238 


529, 742 
,064,346 
568,926 
514,901 

462,867 
499,272 
665,972 
121,649 
126,903 
275,829 
378,099 

36,330 
234,628 

54,688 
401,696 
267,411 
495, 196 
300,359 
494, 781 
133,355 

473,481 
451,190 
396,845 
408,675 

333, 795 
257,027 
394,201 
810,077 

62,755 
08,003 
23,745 
153,412 
66,717 
31,346 
88,056 
10,557 

201,695 
121,409 
377,666 


persons   6    to    20    YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total 
number. 


27,750,599 


1,729,112 
5,357,256 
5,237,043 
3,574,334 
4, 139, 759 
2,889,349 
3,057,574 
741, 754 
1,024,418 


195,197 
111,634 
94,701 
I  881,024 
148,102 
298,454 

2,454,428 

708,525 

2,194,303 

1,313,809 
777,889 

1,615,914 
796,887 
732,544 

648,776 
675,222 
993,998 
183,336 
183,979 
373,868 
515, 156 

67,932 

388,486 
79,249 
697,649 
396,818 
785,583 
664,260 
925,865 
243,917 

766,709 
738,478 
750,367 
644,805 

551,672 

575,866 

566,323 

1,363,713 

93,771 

96,819 

35,776 

215,940 

105,403 

56,897 

121,016 

16,132 

293,478 
175,386 
555,654 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


Per 
cent. 


17,300,204 


1,143,268 
3,370,818 
3,431,622 
2,425,414 
2,347,451 
1,673,263 
1,747,007 
487,947 
673,414 


132,082 
73,487 
66,845 

588,029 
90,328 

192,497 

1,563,374 

440,903 

1,366,541 

868,678 
513,623 
1,025,053 
539, 739 
484,629 

443,761 

469,778 
646,866 
117,453 
122,642 
261,219 
363,695 

35,304 
227,024 

50,859 
392,499 
259,971 
481,450 
291,307 
480,378 
128,659 

461, 195 

438,547 
385,449 


62.3 


66.1 
62.9 
65.5 
67.9 
56.7 
57.9 
67.1 
65.8 
65.7 


67.7 
65.8 
70.6 
66.7 
61.0 
64.5 

63.7 
62.2 
62.3 

66.1 
66.0 
63.4 
67.7 
66.2 

68.4 
60.6 
65.1 
64.1 
66.7 
69.9 
70.6 

60.9 
58.4 
64.2 
56.3 
65.6 
61.3 
61.6 
61.9 
52.7 

61.0 
59.4 
51.4 


388,072   60.2 


324,036 
248,420 
383,816 
790,736 

60,678 
66,779 
23,020 
147,626 
64,342 
30,365 
85,006 
10, 141 

195,269 
117,078 
361,077 


PERSONS  6  TO  9  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


58.7 
43.1 
67.8 
58.0 

64.7 
69.  o[ 
64.3 
68.4 
61.0 
53.4, 
70. 2| 

62.9' 

I 

66.5; 
66.8 
65.  o! 


Total 
number. 


7,725,234 


62,767 
29,556 
25,  %2 
234,494 
38,262 
80,261 

637,903 
191,940 
609,587 

347,668 
210,676 
432,863 
217,544 
197,633 

175,220 
182,262 
268,612 
54,902 
52,889 
101,502 
141,057 

15, 181 
106,263 

20,070 
203, 357 
116,314 
232,59 
165, 103 
274,519 

72,075 

216,276 
212,375 
223,852 
191,519 

165,403 
172,563 
172,307 
402,384 

26,978 
28,482 
10,232 
60,16 
32,202 
17,180 
36,082 
4,476 

78,943 
46,266 
139,639 


Attending 
school. 


Number.  ,f^[ 


5,678,320 


45,023 
25,754 
22,951 
213,229 
32,707 
72,077 

540,228 
162,920 
491,028 

293,403 
172,348 
354,775 
184,986 
168,070 

141, 114 

157,887 
207, 728 
38,746 
38,804 
85,782 
112,490 

11,185 
78,196 
15,797 

109, 873 
85,019 

145,057 
85,569 

169,012 
41,211 

143,081 
129,733 
109,901 
126, 111 

102,017 

79,015 

121,850 

215,964 

20,064 
19,852 

7, 
47,445 
20,416 

9,657 
27, 146 

3,391 

59,538 
33,894 
109,378 


73.6 

89.3 
83.0 
83.5 
80.1 
60.6 
60.2 
56.9 
72.2 
76.9 


85.3 
87.1 
88.4 
90.9 
85.6 


84.7 
84.9 
80.6 

84.4 
81.8 
82.0 
85.0 
86.0 

80.5 
86.6 
77.3 
70.6 
73.4 
84.5 
79.7 

73.7 
73.6 
78.7 
54.0 
73.1 
62.4 
51.8 
57.9 
57.2 

66.2 
61.1 
49.1 
65.3 

61.7 
45.8 
70.7 
53.7 

74.4 
69.7 
77.2 
78.9 
63.4 
56.2 
75.2 
75.8 

75.4 
74.9 
78.3 


PERSONS  10  TO  14  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total 
number. 


9,107,140 


04,588 
36,271 
31,451 
284,960 
47,014 
95,272 

785,8^6 
228,695 
711,665 

425,602 
255,668 
520,955 
258,480 
246, 154 

214,402 
222,577 
324, 191 
69,392 
60,021 
121,782 
168,309 

19,308 
129,605 

24,649 
237,663 
131,027 
265,964 
192,406 
315,217 

80,319 

252,906 
243,328 
263, 196 
219,914 

179,879 
193, 791 
186,069 
456,792 

29,686 
31,902 
10,829 
69,688 
34,408 
18,091 
40,070 
4,936 

92,802 
65,776 
173,945 


Attending 
school. 


Number.  ^^^^ 


8,028,662 


69,651 
34,291 
30,391 
269,200 
43,053 
89,844 

741,642 
209,840 
651,966 

401,236 
238,918 
482,944 
246, 721 
231,023 

206,058 
209,118 
297, 116 
«3,478 
55,194 
115,547 
160,299 

17,072 
111,049 

22,978 
191, 134 
119,057 
212,355 
138,397 
227,732 

69,296 

213,527 
198, 741 
181,439 
171,989 

139,921 
121, 130 
169,667 
387, 184 

26,815 
29,727 

9,894 
66,123 
28,119 
14,034 
38,068 

4,442 

87,681 
52,520 
163,142 


88.2 

94.1 
92 
93.8 
93.6 

78.7 
79.0 
80.5 
90.2 
94.1 


PERSONS  15  TO  20  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


10,918,225 


92.4 
94.5 
96.6 
94.5 
91.6 
94.3 

94.4 
91.8 
91.6 

94.3 
93.6 
92.7 
95.5 
93.9 

95.6 
94.0 
91.6 
90.0 
92.0 
94.9 
95.2 

88.4 

85.7 

93.2 

80.5 

90.9 

79 

71 

72.2 

73.8 

84.4 
81.7 
71.7 
78.2 

77, 
62.5 
91.2 
84.8 

90.3 
93.2 
91.4 
93.4 

81.7 
77.6 
95.0 
90.0 

94.5 
94.2 
93.8 


Total 
number. 


708,264 
2, 191, 740 
2,124,010 
1,427,226 
1,538,222 
1,075,985 
1,128,386 
286,345 
438,047 


3,693,222 

205,097 
573,294 
657, 199 
547,054 
517,462 
399, 741 
410,259 
115,855 
167,261 


77,842 
45,807 
37,288 

361,570 
62,826 

122,931 

1,030,699 
287,890 
873, 161 

540,539 
311,745 
662,106 
320,863 
288, 757 

259,153 
270,393 
401,195 
69,042 
71,069 
150,684 
205,790 

23,443 
152,618 

34,530 
256, 729 
149,477 
287,022 
206,751 
336, 129 

91,523 

286,529 
282,775 
273,309 
233,372 

206,390 
209,512 
207, 947 
504,537 

37, 107 
36,435 
14, 715 

86,085 
38, 793 
21,626 
44,864 
6,720 

121,733 

74,344 

241,970 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


27,408 
13,442 
13,503 
105,600 
14,568 
30,576 

281,604 

68,143 

223,547 

173,940 
102,357 
187,334 
108,032 
86,636 


102, 773 
142,022 
25,230 
28,644 
69,890 
90,906 

7,047 
37, 779 
12,084 
91,492 
55,896 
124,038 
67,341 
93,634 
28, 152 

104,587 
110,073 
94,109 
90,972 

82,097 
48,275 
92,299 
187,688 

13,799 
17,200 

6,227 
35,058 
15,80' 

6,664 
19,792 

2,308 

48,040 
30,664 

88,557 


Per 

cent. 


29.0 
26.2 
30.9 
38.3 
33.6 
37.2 
36.4 
40.5 
38.2 


35.2 
29.3 
36.2 
29.2 
23.2 
24.9 

27.3 
23.7 
25.6 

32.2 
32.8 
28.3 
33.7 
29.6 

37.7 
38.0 
35.4 
36.6 
40.3 
39.8 
44.2 

30.1 

24.8 

35.0 

35.6 

3 

43.2 

32.6 

27.9 

30, 

36.6 
38.9 
34.4 
39.0 

39 

23.0 
44.4 
37.2 

37.2 
47.2 
36.5 
40.7 
40.7 
30.8 
44.1 
34.3 

39.6 
41.2 
36.6 


OTHERS 

attending 
school. 


Under 
6  years 
of  age. 


396,431 


57,294 
100^028 
80,877 
55,596 
33,673 
30,652 
21,281 
7,368 
9,762 


21 
years 
of  age 
and 
over. 


313,256 


6,393 

2,935 

2,768 
29,845 

3,861 
11,492 

66,773 
21,433 
22,822 

14,133 
5,390 
19,085 
19,982 
22,287 

9,463 
19,300 
7,640 
1,799 
1,790 
9,077 
6,527 

467 
3,665 
1,529 
3,901 
3,544 
5,691 
4,566 
7,863 
2,547 

5,188 
5,409 
6,042 
14,913 

4,324 
4,968 
5,249 
6,740 

936 

632 

297 
2,483 
1,563 

490 

771 

196 

1,865  4,571 
1,109  3,222 
6,788       9,801 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE.  225 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  MALES  AND  FEMALES  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table   12 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


Total 
number. 


United  States 13,924,694 


Geogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . . 
West  North  Central. . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . . 
West  South  Central. . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8,661,846 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 


East  Noeth  Centkal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 


West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


863,084 
2,666,450| 
2,635,08* 
1,807,003 
2,061,592 
1,446,249 
1,534,210 
380,510 
527,507 


9S,183 
56,291 
48,328 

437,007 
74,561 

148,714 


1,210,638 

351,613 

1,104,290 


660,862 
393,088 
808,263 
403,066 
369,820 


328,245 
341,499 
496,851 
94,421 
94,669 
189,450 
261,868 


570,016 

1,687,199 

1,728,379 

1,221,692 

1,160,663 

834,869 

875,065 

246,559 

337,404 


65,875 
36,545 
33,449 
292>237 
46,031 
95,879 


779,624 
221,095 
686,480 


438,348 
258,985 
615,724 
271,277 
244,045 


223,610 
236,090 
324,743 
69,876 
62,682 
131,839 
182,952 


Per 

cent. 


62.2 


66.0 
63.3 
65.6 
67.6 
66.2 
67.7 
57.0 
64.8 
64.0 


67.1 
64.9 
69.2 
66.9 
61.7 
64.6 


64.4 
62.9 
62.2 


66.3 
65.9 
63.8 
67.3 
66.0 


68.1 
69.1 
65.4 
63.4 
66.1 
60.6 
60.9 


Total 
number. 


U,  825, 905 


866, 
2,690, 
2,601, 
1,767, 
2,075, 
1,443, 
1,523, 
361, 
496, 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8,638,358 


028  573,252 
806  1,683,619 
954  1,703,243 
1,203,722 
1, 186, 788 
838,394 
871,942 
241,388 
336,010 


97,014 
56,343 
46,373 

444,017 
73,641 

1^,740 


1,243,790 

357,012 

1,090,004 


652,947 
384,801 
807,651 
393,831 
362,724 


320,530 
333,723 
497, 147 
88,915 
89,310 
184,418 
263,288 


66,207 
36,942 
33,396 
295,792 
44,297 
96,618 


783,750 
219,808 
680,061 


430,230 
254,638 
609,329 
268,462 
240,584 


220,151 
233,688 
322,123 
67,677 
60,060 
129,380 
180,743 


Per 

cent. 


62.5 


66.2 
62.6 
65.5 
68.1 
57.2 
58.1 
57.2 
66.8 
67.6 


68.2 
66.8 
72.0 
66.6 
60.2 
64.5 


63.0 
61.6 
62.4 


65.9 
66.2 
63.1 
68.2 
66.3 


68.7 
70.0 
64.8 
64.8 
67.2 
70.2 
71.4 


division  and  state. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia., 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia , 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky , 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central 

.\rkansas , 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Caluomia 


Total 
number. 


29,641 
192,857 

38,275 
349,425 
203,793 
392, 572 
279,589 
457, 136 
121,404 


380,316 
371,988 
373,258 
320,687 


275,480 
284,579 
288,108 
686,043 


48,839 
50,293 
19,223 
109,338 
63,481 
29,496 
61,234 
8,606 


151,467 
90,473 
285,677 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


18,113 
113,852 

24, 734 
193, 494 
132,221 
240,630 
141,637 
233,135 

62,847 


232,224 
220,124 
191,114 
191,407 


161,770 
121,265 
196,269 
395, 761 


30,278 
34,176 
11,676 
73,728 
33,236 
16,472 
42,990 
5,104 


97,993 
59,264 
180, 147 


Per 
cent. 


61.3 
59.0 
64.61 
55.4 
64.9 
61.3 
50.7 
51.0 
51.8 


61.1 
69.2 
51.2 
59.7 


58.7 
42.6 
68.1 
57.7 


62.0 
68.0 
60.2 
67.4 
62.1 
52.5 
70.2 
59.3 


64.7 
65.6 
63.1 


Total 
number. 


28,391 
195,629 

40,974 
348,224 
193,025 
393,011 
284,671 
468,729 
122,513 


375,393 
366,490 
377,099 
324, 118 


276,192 
291,287 
278,215 
677,670 


44,932 
46,526 
16,653 
106,602 
51,922 
27,401 
59,782 
7,626 


142,021 
84,913 
269,977 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


Per 

cent. 


17, 191 
113,172 

26,125 
199,005 
127,750 
240,820 
149,670 
247,243 

65,812 


228,971 
218,423 
194,335 
196.665 


162,265 
127,155 
187,547 
394,975 


30,400 
32,603 
11,446 
73,898 
31,106 
14,883 
42,016 
5,037 


97,266 
57,814 
180,930 


60.6 
57.9 
63.8 
57.1 
66.2 
61.3 
52.6 
52.7 
53.7 


61.0 
59.6 
51.5 
60.7 


58.8 
43.7 
67.4 
58.3 


67.7 
70.1 
69.1 
69.3 
59.9 
54.3 
70.3 
66.9 


68.5 
68.1 
67.0 


Children  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending  school. — 
Between  the  ages  of  6  and  20  years  there  are,  as 
already  noted,  several  years  of  age  when  school  atten- 
dance is  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule,  and  when 
it  is  wholly  voluntary.  For  children  from  8  to  13  years 
of  age,  however,  school  attendance  is  in  most  sec- 
tions of  the  country  obhgatory,  and  in  many  sections 
the  age  of  7  years  is  likewise  covered  by  the  compulsory 
school  attendance  laws.  The  proportion  of  school 
attendance  is  also  high  among  children  6  years  of 
age,  so  that  for  some  purposes  figures  relating  to  the 
group  comprising  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age, 
inclusive,  are  of  special  value.  Such  figures  are 
given,  by  divisions  and  states,  in  Table  14,  page  228. 

More  than  four-fifths  (81.4  per  cent)  of  all  the  chil- 
dren from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attended  school  be- 
tween September  1,  1909,  and  April  15,  1910.  Of  the 
remainder  (18.6  per  cent),  the  greater  number  con- 
sisted of  6  and  7  year  old  children  who  had  not  yet 
begun  their  schooling,  and  of  14  year  old  children  who 
had  completed  their  schooling. 

Considering  the  different  classes  of  the  population, 
it  is  clear  at  a  glance  that  the  proportion  of  the  chil- 
dren from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending  school  was 
greater  for  the  whites  than  for  the  negroes.  With 
respect  to  the  whites  it  may  be  noted  that  for  chil- 

72497"— 13 13   + 


dren  in  this  age  group  the  maximum  attendance  was 
among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage, 
and  the  next  highest  among  the  native  whites  of  na- 
tive parentage.  The  proportion  of  foreign-born  whites 
attending  school  was  in  every  division  the  smallest 
shown  by  any  of  the  white  elements.  In  four  divi- 
sions, namely,  the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  East 
North  Central,  and  West  South  Central,  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  had  the  largest  proportion 
of  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending  school, 
while  in  the  remaining  five  divisions  the  largest  pro- 
portion was  among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage. 

For  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  the  pro- 
portion of  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending 
school  varied  from  about  three-fourths  in  the  two 
South  Central  divisions  to  over  nine-tenths  in  the 
New  England  division.  For  the  native  whites  of  for- 
eign or  mixed  parentage  the  range  of  variation  was 
somewhat  less  for  eight  of  the  nine  divisions.  Unusual 
conditions  appear  to  have  prevailed  in  the  West  South 
Central  division  with  respect  to  the  school  attendance 
of  white  children  of  native  birth  and  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage,  since  in  that  division  less  than  two-thirds 
of  such  children  were  reported  as  attending  school. 
The  figures  for  the  country  as  a  whole  show  compara- 


226 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


tively  little  difference  between  the  proportion  of  chil- 
dren from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending  school  among 
the  foreign-bom  whites  and  among  the  native  whites 
of  native  parentage,  though  for  each  division  taken 
separately  the  percentage  for  the  foreign-born  whites 
was  considerably  less.  Here  again  the  West  South 
Central  division  occupies  an  exceptional  position,  inas- 
much as  it  shows  less  than  one-half  of  the  foreign-born 
white  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age  attending 
school. 

Except  in  the  Pacific  division,  where  the  number  of 
negroes  is  relatively  small,  the  proportion  of  negro 
children  attending  school  was  less  than  that  of  white 
children.  In  the  three  southern  divisions,  which  con- 
tain so  great  a  majority  of  the  negroes  that  they  prac- 
tically determine  the  average  for  the  United  States  as 
a  whole,  less  than  three-fifths  of  the  negro  children 
from  6  to  14  years  of  age  were  reported  as  attending 
school,  but  the  average  for  the  other  six  divisions 
was  somewhat  over  five-sixths. 


Persons  attending  school  in  the  urban  and  rural  popu- 
lation.— School  attendance  figures  for  the  urban  and 
rural  population,  classified  according  to  age,  sex,  and 
color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  are  shown  for 
1909-10,  by  divisions,  in  Table  15,  pages  229  and  230. 

In  the  country  as  a  whole,  and  in  every  division 
except  two  (the  West  South  Central  and  Mountain 
divisions),  the  proportion  of  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons from  6  to  20  years  of  age,  inclusive,  who  were 
reported  as  attending  school  was  greater  in  rural  dis- 
tricts than  in  urban  communities.  In  every  division 
the  proportion  attending  school  among  children  from 
6  to  9  years  of  age  was  larger  in  the  urban  popu- 
lation than  in  the  rural,  but  in  every  division  the 
proportion  among  persons  from  15  to  20  years  of  ag© 
was  larger  in  the  rural  population.  For  the  interven- 
ing age  group — 10  to  14  years — the  proportion  was 
the  larger  in  urban  communities  for  the  country  as  a 
whole,  for  the  three  southern  divisions,  and  for  the 
Mountain  division,  and  in  rural  districts  for  the  four 
northern  divisions  and  the  Pacific  division. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


227 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  POPULATION  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 

( Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  13 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnited  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Teimessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  CLASSES. 


Total 
number. 


27,750,699 


729, 112 
357,256 
237,043 
574,334 
139,759 
889,349 
057,574 
741,754 
024,418 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


17,^00,204 


1,143, 
3,370,818 
3,431,622 
2,425,414 
2,347,451 
1,673,263 
1,747,007 
487,947 
673,414 


195,197 
111,634 
94,701 
881,024 
148,102 
298,454 

454,428 
708,625 
194,303 

,313,809 
777,889 

.615,914 
796,887 
732,544 

648,775 
675,222 
993,998 
183,336 
183,979 
373,868 
515,156 

57,932 
388,486 

79,249 
697,649 
396,818 
785,583 
564,260 
925,865 
243,91V 

755,709 
738,478 
750,357 
644,805 

551,672 
575,866 
566,323 
,363,713 

93,771 
96,819 
35,776 
215,940 
105,403 
56,897 
121,016 
16, 132 

293,478 
175,386 
555,554 


132,082 
73,487 
66,845 

588,029 
90,328 

192,497 

1,663,374 

440,908 

1,366,641 

868,678 
513,623 
1,025,053 
539,739 
484,629 

443,761 
409,778 
646,866 
117,453 
122,642 
261,219 
363,695 

35,304 
227,024 

50,859 
392,499 
259,971 
481,450 
291,307 
480,378 
128,659 

461,195 
438,647 

385,449j 
388,072 

324,035 
248,420 
383,816 
790,736 

60,678 
66,779 
23,020 
147,626 
64,342 
30,355 
85,006 
10, 141 

195,259 
117,078 
361,077 


Per 

cent. 


6&.1 
62.9 
65.5 
67.9 
56.7 
57.9 
67.1 
65.8 
65.7 


67.7 
66.8 
70.6 
66.7 
61.0 
64.6 

63.7 
62.2 
62.3 

66.1 
66.0 
63.4 
67.7 
66.2 

68.4 
09.6 
65.1 
64.1 
66.7 
69.9 
70.6' 

60.9 
68.4 
64.2 
56.3 
65.5 
61.3 
51.6 
51.9 
52.7 

61.0 
59.4 
61.4 
60.2 

58.7 
43.1 
67.8 
58.0 

64.7 
69.0 
64.3 
68.4 
61.0 
53.4 
70.2 
62.9 

66.5 
66.8 
65.0 


NATIVE  white. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


16,007,393 


666,431 
2,684,645 
3,132,3:» 
2,186,678 
2,467,850 
1,883,753 
2,048,346 
467,096 
680,366 


123,863 
62,646 
63,769 

278,717 
42,009 

106,437 

963,517 

302,995 

1,318,133 

938,676 
664,781 
849,975 
372,377 
306,620 

208,907 
442,128 
798,833 
63,101 
82,263 
212,985 
388,371 

37,422 
246,675 

43,082 
440,168 
356,322 
515,11 
229,204 
477,530 
124,330 

644,497 
563, 158 
410,331 
265,767 

379,084 
287,134 
454,481 
927,647 

44,453 
67,046 
22,297 
138,619 
85,375 
23,167 
67,931 
8,208 

165, 137 
118,379 
296,850 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


10,701,191 


481,480 
1,744,091 
2,178,099 
1,546,055 
1,519,613 
1,191.822 
1,291,901 
317,047 
401,083 


87,995 
37,974 
46,513 
205,618 
29,235 
74,246 

663,316 
204,166 
876,609 

661,607 
448,678 
685,043 
268,925 
223,946 

154,844 
321,966 
63f,606 

36,  ne 

57,773 
155,658 
280,693 

23,789 
152,360 

28,724 
269,380 
238,897 
334,471 
137,474 
289,880 

74,638 

401,209 
354,091 
244,992 
191,530 

238,872 
158,758 
311,274 
582,997 

30,075 
47,213 
14,991 
97,182 
55,644 
15,468 
50,668 
5,806 

114,415 

81,625 

205,043 


Per 

cent. 


72.2 
67.5 
69.5 
70.7 
62.8 
63.3 
63.1 
69.4 
69.1 


71.0 
72.1 
72.9 
73.7 
69.6 
70.4 


67.4 
66.6 

69.4 
67.6 
68.8 
72.2 
73.1 

74.1 

72, 

67.4 

69.1 

70.2 

73.1 

72.2 

63.6 
62.0 
66.7 
61.2 
67.2 
64.9 
60.0 
60.7 
60.0 

62.3 
62.9 
59.7 
72.1 

63.0 
55.3 
68.5 
62. 

67.7 
70.4 
67.2 
70.1 
65.2 
66.8 
74.6 
70.7 

69.3 
69.0 
69.1 


Foreign  or  mixed  par.     | 


foreign-born  white. 


Total 
number. 


6,671,432 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


4,319,078 


1,989,990 
1,741,668 
1,186,613 
128,778 
52,743 
212,966 
210,861 
344,615 


556,736 

1,297,558 

1,091,520 

783,075 

76,586 

31,189 

110,378 

143,144 

228,886 


63,962 
43,677 
23,968 

459,778 
76,888 

145,025 

1,053,610 
294,673 
641,707 

281,376 
85,074 
619,352 
365,763 
387,114 

398,336 
212,946 
135,263 
106,573 

87,273 
146,432 

99,790 

8,478 
57,627 
10,465 
11,842 
14,401 
2,871 
2,943 
7,209 
12,942 

27,178 
10,099 
10,434 
5,032 

11,541 
28,118 
31,134 
142, 173 

38,017 
25,635 
10,148 
62,053 

8,903 
14,712 
46,504 

4,889 

102,201 
45,947 
196,467 


36,945 
30,091 
16,990 
323,327 
49,988 
99,395 

709,245 
191,544 
396,769 

174,842 
50,653 
379, 164 
243,380 
243,487 

270,175 
139,325 
78,296 
70,332 
58,049 
98,957 
67,941 

5,103 
31,698 
7,079 
7,464 
9,093 
2,017 
1,834 
4,627 
7,671 

15, 148 
6,466 
6,309 
3,266 

7,100 
14,516 
21,486 
67,276 

26,305 
18,066 

6,792 
42,895 

5,525 

8,436 
31,771 

3,354 

69,148 
30,583 
129, 155 


Per 
cent. 


64.7 


69.3 
65.2 
62.7 
66.0 
59.5 
59.1 
51.8 
67.9 
60.4 


68.5 
69.1 
70.9 
70.3 
65.0 
68.5 

67.3 
65.0 
61.8 

61.6 
69.5 
61.2 
66.5 
62.9 

e: 

65.4 
57.9 
66.0 
66.5 
67.6 
68.1 

60.2 
65.0 
67.6 
63.0 
63.1 
70.3 
62.3 
64.2 
59.3 

55.7 
64.0 
60.5 
64.9 

61.5 
51.6 
69.0 
47.3 

69.2 
70.5 
66.9 
69.1 
62.1 
57.3 
68.3 


65.7 


Total 
number. 


1,542,043 


243,068 

683,873 

283,632 

122,672 

35,687 

6,953 

51,160 

42,574 

72,424 


16,740 
15,259 
6,707 
133,312 
26,839 
44,211 

407,790 
88,869 
187,214 

62,828 
12,327 
121,517 
52,305 
34,665 

37,049 
16, 142 
18,083 
21,194 
8,312 
11,571 
10,321 

1,949 
11,907 
2,047 
3,013 

8,587 

715 

555 

1,596 

5,318 

1,953 
1,740 
2,073 
1,187 

1,440 
5,649 
3,368 
40,703 

7,382 
2,998 
2,481 
12,070 
3,426 
7,658 
5,279 
1,280 

20,605 
8,414 
43,405 


Attending 
school. 


Num-     Per 
ber.      cent. 


604,447 


94,322 

271,942 

113,445 

50,080 

12,390 

2,741 

13, 192 

16,311 

30,024 


6,747 
5,334 
3,207 

53,082 
9,623 

16,329 

174,186 
32,242 
65,514 

24,837 
4,612 
46,138 
23,404 
14,454 

15,648 
5,928 
7,189 
8,906 
3,314 
4, 
4,211 

592 

4,518 

1,018 

1,247 

2,158 

284 

205 

664 

1,704 

756 
802 
844 
339 

491 
1,591 
1,443 
9,667 

2,5.34 
1,040 

792 
5,547 
1,118 
2,704 
2,321 

255 

9,062 
3,147 
17,815 


39.2 


3,422,157 


38.8 
39.8 
40.0 
40.8 
34.7 
39.4 
25.8 
38.3 
41.5 


Total 
number. 


15,539 

a5,194 

72,837 

64,085 

1,504,019 

944,880 

715,597 

4,170 

6, 


40.3 

35.0 

47.8 

39. 

35.9 

36.9 

42.7 
36.3 
35.0 

39.5 
37.4 
38.0 
44.7 
41.7 

42.2 

36.7 

39. 

42.0 

39 

42.2 

40.8 

30.4 
37.9 
49.7 
41.4 
25.1 
39.7 
36.9 
41.6 
32.0 

38.7 
46.1 
40.7 


34.1 
28.2 
42.8 
23.7 

34.3 
34.7 
31.9 
46.0 
32.6 
35.3 
44.0 
19.9 

44.0 
37.4 
41.0 


355 

138 

251 

8,797 

2,277 

3,721 

27,192 
21,832 
46,170 

27,830 
15,560 
24,825 
3,994 
628 

1,189 

3,866 

41,682 

103 

184 

1,512 

15,549 

10,078 

73,230 

23,593 

242,413 

18,481 

284,025 

331,429 

439,485 

101,285 

81,976 
163,397 
327, 176 
372,331 

159,431 
254,580 
48,718 
252,868 

300 


2,468 
363 
416 
196 
62 

906 

198 
4,732 


Attending 
school. 


Num-      Per 
ber.       cent. 


1,619,699 


10,201 
54,780 
44,462 
37,229 
706,974 
447,230 
312,736 
2,531 
3,556 


224 
77 

131 
5,850 
1,424 
2,495 

15, 192 
12,892 
26,696 

17,233 
9,699 

14,572 

2,561 

397 

781 

2,495 

22,794 

60 

122 

930 

10,047 

.5,815 
38,417 
14,000 
114,346 
9,806 
143,039 
151,726 
18i,  191 
44,634 

44,060 
77,153 
133,191 
192,826 

77,467 
73,478 
31,083 
130,708 

184 
50 
142 
1,548 
214 
251 
112 
30 

515 

105 

2,936 


228 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  CHILDREN  6  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AGE.  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  loo.] 


Table  14 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Geogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.., 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine , 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont , 

Massachusetts , 

Rhode  Island , 

Connecticut , 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York , 

New  Jersey , 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana. „ 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas , 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma. 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada.. 

Pacific: 

Washington ; 

Oregon. 

Cali/omia 


ALL  CLASSES. 


Total 
number. 


16,832,374 


020,848 
165,516 
113,033 
147,108 
601,537 
813,364 
929,188 
455,409 
686,371 


117,355 
65,827 
57,413 

519,454 
85,276 

175,523 

,423,729 
420,635 
,321,152 

773,270 
466,144 
953,808 
476,024 
443,787 

389,622 
404,829 
592,803 
114,294 
112,910 
223,284 
309,366 

34,489 
235,868 

44,719 
440,920 
247,341 
498,561 
357,509 
589,736 
152,394 

469, 180 
455,703 
477,048 
411,433 

345,282 
366,354 
358,376 
859, 176 

56,664 
60,384 
21,061 
129,855 
66,610 
35,271 
76,152 
9,412 

171,745 
101,042 
313,584 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


13,706,982 


938, 171 
2,797,524 
2,774,423 
1,878,360 
1,829, 
1,273,522 
1,336,748 
372,092 
506,153 


104,674 
60,045 
53,342 

482,429 
75,760 

161,921 

1,281,770 

372,760 

1,142,994 

694,638 
411,266 
837,719 
431,707 
399,093 

346,172 
367,005 
504,844 
92,223 
93,998 
201,329 
272,789 

28,257 

189,245 
38,775 
301,007 
204,076 
357,412 
223,966 
386,744 
100,607 

356,608 
328,474 
291,340 
297,100 

241,938 
200,145 
291,517 
603,148 

46,879 
49,679 
17,793 
112,568 
48,535 
23,691 
65,214 
7,833 

147,219 

86,414 
272,520 


Per 

cent. 


81.4 


91.9 
88.4 
89.1 
87.5 
70.3 
70.2 
69.3 
81.7 
86.3 


89.2 
91.2 
92.9 
92.9 
88.8 
92.3 

90.0 
88.6 
86.6 


88.2 
87.8 
90.7 


90.7 
85.2 
80.7 
83.3 
90.2 
88.2 

81.9 
80.2 
86.7 
68.3 
82.6 
71.7 
62.6 
65.6 
66.0 

76.0 
72.1 
61.1 
72.2 

70.1 
54.6 
81.3 
70.2 

82.7 
82.1 
84.5 
86.7 
72.9 
67.2 
85.6 
83.2 

85.7 
85.5 
86.9 


NATIVE  white. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


9,946,610 


403,222 
1,578,462 
1,930,669 
1,360,189 
1,551,023 
1,187,774 
1,300,466 
289,596 
345,209 


74,927 
31,840 
39,305 
168,704 
24,851 
63,595 

582,370 

185,727 
810,365 

668,219 
404,722 
525,750 
232, 193 
199,785 

135,742 
276,283 

489,274 
34,807 
52,792 
132,454 
238,837 

22,425 
150,708 

24,7% 
278,208 
224,980 
325,655 
143,332 
302,698 

78,321 

406,263 
351,218 
260,867 
169,426 

238,328 
184,303 
288,254 
589,581 

27,619 
43,191 
13,560 
84,634 
54,368 
14,857 
46,139 
5,228 

99,528 
70,565 
175, 116 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8,305,428 


373,507 

1,404,049 

1,727,919 

1,192,904 

1,188,906 

899,526 

979,378 

240,737 

298,502 


67,677 
29,343 
36,676 
158,385 
22,662 
58,874 

523,579 
166,369 
714, 101 

513,328 
357,792 
463,609 
211,882 
181,308 

120,518 
250,826 
418, 100 
28,790 
44,419 
119,323 
210,929 

18,704 
125,551 

21,767 
203,703 
186,709 
246,294 
103,356 
226,366 

66,467 

309,958 
264, 147 
182,725 
142,696 

178,097 
126,106 
236,826 
438,349 

23,055 

35,427 
11,507 
73,083 
41,812 
11,952 
39,387 
4,514 

85,458 
60,059 
152,985 


Per 
cent. 


83.  S 


92.6 
88.9 
89.5 
87.7 
76.7 
75.7 
75.3 
83.1 
86.5 


90.3 

92.2 

93.1 

93 

91.2 

92.6 


90.3 
88.4 
88.2 
91.3 
90.8 

88.8 
90.8 
85.6 
82.7 
84.1 
90.1 
88.3 

83.4 
83.3 
87.8 
73.2 
83.0 
75.7 
72.1 
74.8 
72.1 

76.3 
76.2 
70.0 
84.2 

74.7 
68.4 
82.2 
74.3 

83.5 
82.0 
84.9 
86.4 
76.9 
80.4 
85.4 
86.3 

85.9 
85.1 
87.4 


Foreign  or  mixed  par. 


Total 
number. 


4,065,777 


519,533 
1,266,615 
1,020,472 
691,393 
78,516 
29,219 
132,312 
128,490 
199,227 


36,202 
28,574 
15,048 
297,767 
48,908 
94,044 

666,692 
188,865 
411,158 

163,451 
47,480 
365,683 
217,606 
226,252 

236,744 
120,286 
72,288 
68,063 
52,771 
84,654 
66,697 

5,188 
34,699 
6,080 
7,355 
9,105 
1,802 
1,741 
4,264 
8,282 

14,091 
6,723 
6,418 
2,987 

6,778 
17,265 
18,983 


23,923 
15,499 

6,143 
37,779 

5,662 

9,497 
27,040 

2,927 

60,539 
26,074 
112,614 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


3,579,718 


478,982 
1,120,437 
909,619 
610,439 
63,769 
24,543 
87,600 
109,796 
174,533 


31,124 
26,075 
14,036 
277, 139 
43,543 
87,066 

604,208 
167,586 
348,643 

145,851 
41,596 
321,953 
197, 182 
203,037 

211,063 
109,260 
62,654 
55,493 
44,653 
76,807 
60,519 

4,329 
27,774 
5,392 
5,882 
7,552 
1,614 
1,418 
3,604 
6,304 

12,269 
4,787 
6,012 
2,476 

6,603 
12,028 
16,227 
63,842 

20,581 
13,039 

5,278 
33,407 

4,269 

6,846 
23,777 

2,600 

52,594 
22,755 
99,184 


Per 

cent. 


88.0 


92.2 
88.5 
89.1 
88.3 
81.2 
84.0 
66.2 
85.5 
87.6 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 


Total 
number, 


609,769 


88,455 
264,651 
116,344 
50,379 
14,681 
3,107 
25,272 
18,023 
28,957 


88.4 
91.3 
93.3 
9.3.1 
89.0 
92.6 

90.6 

88.7 
84.8 

89.2 
87.6 
88.0 
90.6 
89.7 

89.2 

90, 

86.7 

81.6 

84.6 

90. 

89.1 

83.4 

80.0 
88.7 
80.0 
82.91 
84.0 
81.4 
84.5 
76.  ij 

87.1 
83.6 
78.1 
82.9 

81.2 
69.7 
85.5 
60.3 

86.0 
84.1 
85.9 
88.4 
76.1 
72.1 
87.9 


86.9 
87.3 
88.1 


6,885 
5,332 
2,926 
47,696 
10, 136 
15,580 

158,927 
33,387 
72,337 

25,799 
4,932 
48,275 
22,400 
14,938 

14,344 
5.930 
7,697 
9,823 
3,443 
4, 
4,474 

701 

5,210 

905 

1,410 

2,841 

330 

227 

675 

2,282 

720 
782 
998 
607 

684 

2,563 

1,478 

20,547 

2,627 
1,047 

881 
5,619 
1,593 
3,762 
2,245 

249 

8,674 
2,984 
17,299 


Attending 
school. 


Num-      Per 
ber.      cent. 


501,808 


76,948 
225,873 
98,096 
40,212 
10,474 
2,188 
10,681 
13,344 
23,992 


5,578 
4,558 
2,'613 

41,941 
8,356 

13,902 

140,297 
27,972 
57,604 

21,679 
3,977 
40,448 
19,433 
12,559 

12,340 

4,864 
6,214 
6,878 
2,509 
3,974 
3,433 

532 

3,936 

782 

1,006 

1,878 

214 

164 

613 

1,449 

603 
617 
701 
267 

382 
1,299 
1,120 
7,880 

1,998 
798 
673 

4,591 
901 

2,318 

1,874 
191 

7,278 
2,469 
14,245 


87.0 
85.3 
84.3 
79.8 
71.8 
70.4 
42.3 
74.0 
82.9 


81.0 
8S.5 
89.3 
88.1 
82.4 
89.2 


84.0 
80.6 
83.8 
86.8 
84.1 

86.0 
82.0 
80.7 
70.0 
72.9 
85.1 
76.7 

75.9 
76.5 
86.4 
71.3 
66.1 
64.8 
72.2 
76.0 
63.5 


78.9 
70.2 
44.0 

66.8 
50.7 
75.8 
38.4 

76.1 
76.2 
76.4 
81.7 
56.6 
61.6 
83.6 
76.7 

83.9 

82.7 
82.3 


Total 
number 


2,146,116 


9,206 

54, 161 

41,344 

36,222 

955,261 

592,615 

451,767 

2,379 

3,161 


183 
74 

129 
5,223 
1,323 
2,274 

14,466 
12,600 
27,105 

15,755 
8,931 

14,020 

2,297 

341 

649 

2,268 

23,465 

56 

110 

819 

8,855 

6,172 

45,233 

12,910 

153,827 

10,404 

169,034 

212, 126 

282,070 

63,486 

48,039 
97,927 
208,648 
238,101 

99,383 
161,969 

30,818 
159,597 

166 
45 
137 
1,429 
210 
254 
106 
32 

480 

102 

2,579 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


1,280,949 


8,364 

45,867 

35,666 

28,774 

565,475 

347,050 

245,121 

1, 

2,750 


166 
62 
113 

4, 

1,160 

2,057 

12,596 
10,796 
22,475 

13,742 
7,832 

11,636 

2,053 

303 

684 

2,026 

17,811 

43 

96 

720 

7,495 

4,689 
31,968 
10,807 
90,367 
7,927 
108,200 
118,981 
156,258 
36,278 

33,761 
58,895 
102,813 
151,681 

57,872 
60,654 
23,581 
103,014 

138 
33 
116 
1,220 
155 

2o: 

86 
27 

390 

79 

2,281 


Per 
cent. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE.  229' 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION,  BY  AGE  PERIODS,  FOR  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  15 


DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OF 
POPULATION. 


TTinXED  STATES 

Urban,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  wnite 

Negro 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage, 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


NEW  ENGLAND. 

Urban,  total 

Male 

Female , 

Native  white 

Native  parentage , 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Bnral,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign  bom  white 

Negro 


MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

Urban,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

ForeiKn  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Knral.  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

Urban,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage . 

Foreign-bora  white 

Negro 


Total 
number 

of  per- 
sons 
attending 

school. 


7,480,0i3O 

3,700,074 
3,779,946 
0,563,568 
3,640,549 
2,923,019 
517,636 
389, 795 

10,529,871 

5,337,581 
5,192,290 
9,064,218 
7,470,034 
1, 594, 184 
133,870 
1,280,855 


1,016,137 

507, 107 
509,030 
911,151 
368,281 
542,870 
94,751 
9.901 

206,091 

104,038 
102,053 
198, 102 
146, 672 
51,430 
6,743 
954 


2,487,683 

1,216,195 
1,221,498 
2,136,360 
1.000,830 
1,135,530 
256,814 
44,011 

1,093,680 

.555, 727 
5.37,953 
1.043,115 
818,427 
224,688 
34,478 
13.603 


1,680,901 

837,958 
842,943 
1.552,730 
846,069 
706, 661 
95,615 
31,973 


Rural,  total 1,895,102 

Male 967, 946 

Female 927, 156 

Native  white 1, 849, 465 

Native  parentage i  1, 417, 289 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage .  I    432, 176 

Foreign-born  white 27,658 

Negro 1      14.162 

WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL 

Urban,  total 695,037 

Male 341, 070 

Female 353,967 

■Native  white 646, 819 

Native  parentage 419, 558 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage .  227, 261 

Foreign-bom  white 23,860 

Negro 23,376 


1,835,554 

936,406 

899, 148 

1,780,459 

1,193,354 

587, 105 

31,402 

15,217 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage . 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


11,520,193 

5,641,266 
5,878,927 
9,582,609 
5,255,418 
4,327,191 
1,201,468 
722,664 

16,230,406 

8, 283. 428 
7, 946; 978 
13,096,216 
10,751,975 
2,344,241 
340,575 
2,699,493 


PERSONS  6  TO   20   YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


1,448,039 

717,866 
730, 173 
1,206,303 
472,857 
733,506 
227,188 
14,028 

281,073 

145,218 
135,855 
263,266 
193,574 
69,692 
l.'>,880 
1,511 


3,771,779 

1,848,648 
1,923,131 
3,107,121 
1,445,372 
1,661,749 
591,329 
72,586 

1,585,477 

817,802 

767,675 

1,467,514 

1,139,273 

328,241 

92,544 

22,608 


2,590,115 

1,276,471 
1.313,644 
2,312,243 
1,206,654 
1,105,589 
225, 702 
51,428 

2,646,928 

1,358,618 

1,288,310 

2,561,753 

1,92.5,674 

636, 079 

57,930 

21,409 


1,034,647 

502,362 
532,285 
942, 771 
595,810 
.346,961 
52,295 
38,583 

2,539,687 

1,304,641 

1,235,046 

2,430,420 

1,590,768 

839,652 

70,377 

25,502 


7,098,968 

3,496,049 
3,602,920 
6, 239. 188 
3,461,718 
2,777,470 
478,666 
373,891 

10,201,235 

5, 105, 797 
5,03.5,438 
8,781,081 
7,239,473 
1,541,608 
125, 781 
1,245,808 


847,681 

471,389 
476,292 
850,200 
342,434 
507,766 
87,944 
9,280 

195,587 

98,627 
96,960 
188,016 
139,046 
48,970 
6,378 
921 


2,314,064 

1.150,843 
1,163,221 
2,032,834 

9.52, 289 
1,080,545 

239,226 
41,6.55 

1,056,764 

536,356 
520,398 
1,008,815 
791,802 
217,013 
32, 716 
13,125 


1,598,222 

792,930 
805,292 
1,479.644 
804,496 
675, 148 
87,512 
30,631 

1,833,400 

935, 449 

897,951 

1,789,981 

1.373,603 

416,378 

25,933 

13,831 


656,619 

319,909 
336, 710 
612,204 
396, 751 
215,453 
21,105 
22,477 

1,768,795 

901,783 

867, 012 

1,716,926 

1,149,304 

567,622 

28,975 

14, 752 


Per 
cent. 


61.6 

62.0 
61.3 
65.1 
65.9 
64.2 
39.8 
51.7 

62.9 

62.4 
63.4 
67.1 
67.3 
65.8 
36.9 
46.1 


65.4 

657 
65.2 
70.5 
72.4 
69.2 
38.7 
66.2 

69.6 

67.9 
71.4 
71.4 
71.8 
70.3 
40.2 
61.0 


61.4 

62.3 
60.5 
65.4 
65.9 
65.0 
40.5 
57.4 

66.7 

65.6 
67.8 
68.7 
69.5 
66.1 
35.4 
58.1 


61.7 

62.1 
61.3 
64.0 
66.7 
61.1 
38.8 
59.6 

69.3 

68.9 
69.7 
69.9 
71.3 
65.5 
44.8 
64.6 


63.5 

63.7 
63.3 
64.9 
66.6 
62.1 
40.4 
58.3 

69.6 

69.1 
70.2 
70.6 
72.2 
67.6 
41.2 
57.8 


PERSONS  6   TO    9    YEARS 
OP  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


2,989,407 

1,496,269 
1, 493, 138 
2,612,357 
1.421,924 
1,190,433 
192, 117 
182, 742 

4,735,827 

2,400,018 
2.335,809 
3,839,952 
3.200,4a3 

639, 549 
59,322 

808,108 


383,387 

192, 762 
190,625 
347, 740 
126.959 
220.781 
31,878 
3,697 

77,905 
39,521 
38,384 
74,987 
63,340 
21,647 
2,396 
417 


991,641 

496,636 
495,005 
881.370 
393,658 
487, 712 
91,623 
18.505 

447,789 

226,731 
221,058 
426,058 
322,494 
103,564 
15, 134 
6.008 


665,276 
333,002 
332,274 
612,624 
331,060 
281,564 
40,059 
12,455 

740,998 

376, 819 
364, 179 
722, 570 
560,441 
162, 129 
10,958 
5,705 


255,887 

127,983 

127,904 

237,295 

157,527 

79,768 

9,375 

9,113 

720,547 
365,493 
355,054 
697,986 
479,808 
218, 178 
11,774 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


2,442,305 

1,222,433 
1,219,872 
2,165,324 
1,158,399 
1,006,925 
154,575 
120,910 

3,236,015 

1,6.34,147 
1,001,868 
2,815,707 
2,319,558 

496, 149 
38,741 

368,044 


344,472 

173,405 
171,067 
314,250 
114,917 
199,333 
26,926 
3.236 

67,269 
34,110 
33,159 
64,926 
46,366 
18,500 
1,932 
328 


833,549 

418,443 
415, 106 
743,558 
331,542 
412,016 
75, 195 
14,696 

360,627 

182,509 
178, 118 
345,013 
263,592 
81,421 
10,813 
4,411 


559,715 

280,428 
279,287 
517, 493 
281,488 
236,005 
31,803 
10,304 

613,867 

311,802 
.302,065 
600,092 
464,288 
135,804 
8,497 
4,160 


211,345 

105,598 
105,747 
196,940 
129,921 
67,019 
7,334 
6,991 

571,205 

289, 154 
282,051 
556,878 
384, 192 
172,686 
7,946 
4,386 


Per 
cent. 


81.7 

81.7 
81.7 
82.9 
81.5 
84.6 
80.5 
66.2 

68.3 

68.1 
68.6 
73.3 
72.5 
77.6 
65.3 
45.5 


89.8 

90.0 
89.7 
90.4 
90.5 
90.3 
84.5 
87.5 

86.3 

86.3 
86.4 
86.6 
86.9 
85.7 
80.6 
78.7 


84.1 

84.3 
83.9 
84.4 
84.2 
84.5 
82.1 
79.4 

80.5 

80.5 
80.6 
81.0 
81.7 
78.6 
71.4 
73.4 


84.1 

84.2 
84.1 
84.5 
85.0 
8.3.8 
79.4 
82.7 

82.8 

8Z7 
82.9 
83.0 
82.8 
83.8 
77.5 
72.9 


82.6 

82.5 
82.7 
83.0 
82.5 
84.0 
78.2 
76.7 

79.3 

79.1 
79.4 
79.8 
80.1 
79.1 
67.5 
64.2 


PERSONS  10  TO  14  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


3,627,408 

1,798,218 
1,829,190 
3,123,057 
1,684,709 
1,438,288 
275,768 
225,423 

5,479,732 

2, 803, 535 
2,676,197 
4,437,021 
3,639,514 

797,607 
82,562 

929,843 


464,354 
231,526 
232,828 
409, 142 
156,562 
252,580 
60,483 
4.699 

95,202 

49,009 
46,193 
90,886 
66,361 
24,525 
3,698 
493 


1,185,112 

594,770 
600,342 
1,035,257 
472,034 
663,223 
137,368 
22,3.34 

530,974 

271,217 
259,757 
502,392 
390,276 
112,116 
20,526 
7,314 


810,392 

402,663 
407,729 
744,268 
383,299 
360,969 
60,074 
15,850 

896,367 

458,515 
437,852 
871,679 
655,869 
215,810 
15,253 
7,334 


318,133 
156, 761 
161,372 
294,491 
186,352 
108, 139 
11,631 
11,774 

852,541 

435,747 
416,794 
821,810 
536,502 
285,308 
17,  .599 
8,507 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


3,326,340 

1,649,907 
1, 676, 433 
2, 898, 239 
1,561,300 
1,336,879 
243,378 
182,054 

4,702,322 

2,386,198 
2.316,124 
4,005,876 
3,266,111 

739, 765 
65,114 

609,941 


436,407 

217,999 
218,408 
387,150 
149, 166 
237,984 
44,792 
4,348 

90,023 

46.214 
43,809 
86,163 
63,058 
23,105 
3,298 
452 


1,106,968 

563,006 
553,963 
964,033 
440,760 
523,273 
122,515 
20,285 

496,378 

254,047 
242,332 
471,882 
368,155 
10.3,727 
17.350 
6,475 


752,730 

375  507 
377, 223 
693,790 
3.59,399 
334,391 
44,269 
14, 482 

848,111 

433, 764 
414,347 
826,163 
622,744 
203, 419 
13,527 
6,620 


295,961 

145,898 
150,063 
274,915 
173,729 
101, 186 
10,269 
10,546 

799,849 

407,996 
391,853 
774,610 
505,062 
269,548 
14,663 
6,851 


Per 
cent. 


91.7 

91.8 
91.6 
92.8 
92.7 
92.9 
88.3 
80.8 

85.8 

8.5.1 
86.5 
90.3 
89.7 
92.8 
78.9 
65.6 


94.0 
94.2 
93.8 
94.6 
95.3 
94.2 
88.7 
94.5 

94.6 

94.3 
94.8 
94.8 
96.0 
94.2 
89.2 
91.7 


82.6 

93.0 
92.3 
93.1 
93.4 
92.9 
89.2 
90.8 

83.5 

93.7 
93.3 
93.9 
94.3 
92.5 
84.5 
88.6 


92.9 

93.3 
92.5 
93.2 
93.8 
92.6 
88.4 
91.4 

94.6 

94.6 
94.6 
94.8 
94.9 
94.3 
88.7 
90.3 


93.0 
93.1 
93.0 
93.4 
93.2 
93.6 
88.3 


93.8 

93.6 
94.0 
94.3 
94.1 
94.5 
83.3 
80.5 


PERSONS  15  TO  20  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


4,803,378   1,330,324 

2,346,779  I    623,709 


2.556,599 
3,847,195 
2,148,725 
1,698,470 
733,583 
314,499 

6,014,847 

3,079,875 
2,934,972 
4, 819, 243 
3,912,058 
907,185 
198,691 
961,642 


600,298 

293,578 
306,720 
449,481 
189,336 
260,145 
144,827 
5,732 

107,966 

56,688 
51, 278 
97,393 
73,873 
23,620 
9,786 
601 


1,685,026 

757, 242 
827, 784 
1,190,494 
579,680 
610,814 
362,338 
31,747 

606,714 

319,854 
286,860 
639,064 
426,503 
112,561 
56,884 
9,286 


1,114,447 

640,806 
673,641 
955,351 
492,295 
463,056 
135,569 
23,123 

1,009,563 

523,284 
486, 279 
967,504 
709,364 
268,140 
31, 719 
8,370 


460,627 

217,618 
243,009 
410,985 
251,931 
159,054 
31,289 
17,696 

966,599 

5a3,401 
463,198 
910,624 
574,458 
336, 166 
41,004 
10, 167 


706, 615 
1, 175, 625 
741,959 
433,666 
80,713 
70,927 

2,262,898 

1,145,452 
1,117,446 
1,959,498 
1,653,804 

305,694 
21,926 

267,823 


166.802 

79,985 
86,817 
148,800 
78,361 
70,449 
16,226 
1,696 

38,295 

18,303 

19,992 

30,927 

29,622 

7,305 

1,148 

141 


373,!l46 

179,394 
194, 152 
325, 243 
179,987 
14.5,2.56 
41,516 
6,674 

199,748 

99,800 
99,948 
191,920 
160,055 
31,865 
4,553 
2,239 


285,777 

136, 995 
148, 782 
268,361 
163,609 
104, 752 
11,440 
5,845 

371,422 

189,883 
181,539 
363,726 
286,571 
77,155 
3,909 
3.051 


149,313 

68,413 
80,900 
140,349 
93, 101 
47,248 
3,502 
4,940 

397,741 

204,633 
193, 108 
385,438 
260,050 
125,388 
6,366 
3,5J5 


Per 
cent. 


27.1 

26.6 
27.6 
30.6 
34.5 
25.5 
11.0 
22.6 

37.6 

37.2 
38.1 
40.7 
42.3 
33.7 
11.0 
27.9 


27.8 
27.2 
28.3 
33.1 
41.4 
27.1 
11.2 
29.6 

35.5 
32.3 
39.0 
37.9 
40.1 
31.1 
11.7 
23.5 


23.6 

23.7 
23.5 
27.3 
31.0 
23.8 
11.5 
21.0 

32.9 

31.2 
34.8 
35.6 
37.5 
28.3 
8.0 
24.1 


25.6 

25.3 
2.5.9 
28.1 
33.2 
22.6 
8.4 
25.3 


36.3 
37.3 
37.6 
40.4 
29.9 
12.3 
36.5 


32.4 

31.4 
33.3 
34.1 
37.0 
29.7 
11.2 
27.9 

41.1 

40.7 
41.7 
42.3 
45.3 
37.3 
16.5 
34.6 


OTHERS 

ATTENnmO 

SCHOOL. 


Under 
6  years 
of  age 


212,994 

106,646 
106,448 
194, 772 

89,483 
106, 289 

10,057 
8,022 

183,437 

90,026 

93,411 
160.683 
127,706 

32, 877 
1,388 

20,538 


49,656 

24,802 
24,854 
46, 776 
16,815 
29,961 
2,447 
426 

7,638 

3,817 
3,821 
7,484 
5,395 
2,089 
120 
27 


78,385 

39,633 
38,852 
72, 181 
29,008 
43,173 
4,685 
1,505 

21,643 

10,643 
11,000 
20,919 
15,360 
5,559 
402 
290 


43,561 
21,993 
21,568 
41, 185 
20,057 
21, 128 
1,912 
454 

37,316 

18,480 
18,836 
36,697 
26,067 
10,630 
336 
169 


15,463 

7,664 
7,799 
14,646 
9,242 
5,404 
399 
412 

40,133 

19,782 
20,351 
39,476 
28,079 
11,397 
273 
236 


21  years 

of  age 

and 

over. 


230  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  URBAN  AND  RURAL  POPULATION,  BY  AGE  PERIODS,  FOR  DIVISIONS:  1910— Continued. 


Table  1 5— Continued. 


MVISION  AND  CLASS  OF 
POPULATION. 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 


Urban,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage . 

Toreign-bom  white 

Uegro 


•EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Urban,  total 

Male 

Female 

^Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage . 

■Foreign-bom  white 

iNegro 


.Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Ifative  white.. ., 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage . 

Foreign-bom  white 

(Negro 


\WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

ITrban,  total •. . 

Male 

Female 

■Native  white • 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

i'oreign-bom  white 

2>Iegro 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

iForeign-bom  white 

meigTO 


MOUNTAIN. 


ITrban,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


PACIFIC. 

Urban,  total , 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Poreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Rural,  total 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign-bom  white 

Negro 


Total 
number 
of  per- 
sons 
attending 
school 


606,467 
242,450 
264,017 
361,215 
305,435 
65,780 
9,679 
135,483 

1,911,977 

955,370 

956,607 

1,315,082 

1,291,063 

24,019 

3,834 

591,194 


263,742 

125,005 
138, 737 
187,252 
166,222 

21,030 
2,086 

74,376 

1,466,449 

739,444 

727,005 

1,076,821 

1,065,631 

11,190 

937 

388,412 


342,290 

164,501 
177, 789 
268,273 
229,785 

38,488 
6,800 

65,749 

1,452,810 

735,882 

716,928 

1,171,758 

1,097,145 

74,613 

7,187 

255,944 


173,546 

85,156 
88,390 
164,025 
102,077 
61,948 
7,316 
1,890 

331,645 

170,852 
160, 793 
311, 703 
225,675 
86,028 
10,055 
729 


364,207 

180,632 
183,575 
335, 743 
202,292 
133,451 
20,715 
3,036 

336,563 

171,916 
164, 647 
317, 713 
214, 778 
102, 935 
11,576 
640 


PKESONS  6  TO  20  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
nimiber. 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


877,545 
420,314 
457,231 
587,909 
495,825 
92,084 
23,753 
265,742 

3.262,214 

1,644,278 
1,617,936 
2,008,719 
1,972,025 
36,694 
11,934 
1,238,277 


445,707 
213,277 
232,430 
297,894 
262, 656 
35,238 
4,513 
143,233 

2,443,642 

1,232,972 

1,210,670 

1,638,602 

1,621,097 

17,505 

2,440 

801,647 


671,407 
274,307 
297,100 
422, 218 
355,359 
66,859 
17,  %2 
129,316 

2,486,167 

1,259,903 
1,226,264 
1,839,094 
1.692,987 

146, 107 
33,198 

586,281 


246,337 

120,988 
125, 349 
226,849 
139, 171 
87,678 
15, 718 
2,966 

495,417 

259, 522 
235, 895 
441, 108 
317,925 
123, 183 
26,856 
1,204 


534,617 
267,033 
267,584 
479,241 
281, 714 
197, 527 
43,008 
4,782 

489, 801 

260, 474 
229,327 
445,740 
298,652 
147,088 
29, 416 
1,054 


486,650 
231,836 
254, 814 
347,678 
294,275 
53,403 
8,832 
130,070 

1,860,801 

928,827 

931,974 

1,278,521 

1,255,338 

23,183 

3,558 

576,904 


254,486 

120,026 
134,460 
181, 054 
160, 689 

20,365 
1,891 

71,519 

1,418,777 

714,843 

703,934 

1,041,957 

1,031,133 

10,824 

850 

375,711 


329,880 

157,927 
171,953 
258,581 
221,411 

37, 170 
6,384 

63,510 

1,417,127 

717, 138 

699,989 

1,143,698 

1,070,490 

73,208 

6,808 

249,226 


165,789 

80.982 
84,807 
156, 933 
97,509 
59,424 
6,775 
1,820 

322,158 

165,577 
156,581 
303,258 
219,538 
83,720 
9,536 
711 


345,578 

170,207 
175, 371 
3?O,060 
191,864 

128. 196 
18,997 

2,929 

327,836 

167. 197 
160, 639 
309,909 
209,219 
100,690 

11,027 
627 


Per 
cent. 


55.5 

55.2 
55.7 
59.1 
59.4 
58.0 
37.2 
48.9 

57.0 

56.5 
57.6 
63.6 
63.7 
63.2 
29.8 
46.6 


57.1 

56.3 
57.8 
60.8 
61.2 
57.8 
41.9 


58.1 

58.0 
58.1 
63.6 
63.6 
61.8 
34.8 
46.9 


57.7 

57.6 
57.9 
61.2 
62.3 
55.6 
35.5 
49.1 

57.0 

56.9 
57.1 
62.2 
63.2 
50.1 
20.5 
42.5 


67.3 

66.9 
67.7 
69.2 
70.1 
67.8 
43.1 
61.4 

65.0 

63.8 
66.4 
68.7 
69.1 
68.0 
35.5 
59.1 


64.6 

63.7 
65.5 
66.8 
68.1 
64.9 
44.2 
61.3 

66.9 

64.2 
70.0 
69.5 
70.1 
68.5 
37.5 
59.5 


PERSONS  6  TO  9  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
nimiber. 


228,870 

113,890 
114, 980 
156,902 
131,794 

25,108 
4,249 

67,698 

976,609 

493, 188 
483,421 
599,206 
588,640 
10,566 
2,073 
374,324 


114,096 

56,572 
57,524 
77,883 
70,144 
7,739 
773 
35,433 

729,925 

369,577 
360,-348 
492,401 
487,946 
4,455 
£22 
236,706 


154,821 

77,403 
77,418 
116,822 
99,166 
17,656 
3,535 
33,944 

767,836 

384,095 
373, 741 
564,512 
521,658 
42,854 
6,721 
177,558 


66,329 

33,208 
33,121 
62,471 
39,554 
22,917 
2,936 
782 

149,470 

75,813 
73,657 
135,950 
100, 193 
35. 757 
5,035 
311 


129,100 

64,813 

64,287 

119,250 

72,062 

47,188 

7,689 

1,115 

134,748 

68,781 
65,967 
126, 282 
85,883 
40,399 
4,709 
251 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


157,862 

77,806 
80,056 
112,698 
93,970 
18,728 
2,958 
42,188 

573,057 

287,543 
285,514 
396,997 
389,250 
7,747 
1,245 
174,277 


79.860 
39, 133 
40, 727 
57, 150 
51,057 
6,093 
571 
22, 136 

427,966 

214,919 
213,047 
318,051 
314,929 
3,122 
272 
109,565 


100,054 

49,541 
50,513 
78,095 
67,078 
11,017 
1,700 
19,851 

418,792 

210,648 
208,144 
341,243 
321, 150 

20,093 
1,674 

70,527 


52,269 

26, 170 
26,099 
49,474 
31,075 
18,399 
2,131 
601 

103,601 

52,  .524 
51,077 
98,134 
71,854 
26,280 
3,039 
215 


103, 179 

51,909 
51, 270 
95,666 
57,351 
38,315 
5,957 
907 

99,631 

50,938 
48,693 
94,373 
63,937 
30,436 
3,323 
175 


Per 
cent. 


69.0 

68.3 
69.6 
71.8 
71.3 
74.6 
69.6 
62.3 

58.7 
58.3 
59.1 
66.3 
66.1 
73.3 
60.1 
46.6 


70.0 

69.2 
70.8 
73.4 
72.8 
78.7 
73.9 
62.5 

5S.6 

58.2 
69.1 
64.6 
64.5 
70.1 
52.1 
46.3 


64.6 

64.0 
65.2 
66.8 
67.6 
62.4 
48.1 
58.5 

55.3 

54.8 
55.7 
60.4 
61.6 
46.9 
24.9 
39.7 


78.8 

78.8 
78.8 
79.2 
78.6 
80.3 
72.6 
76.9 

69.3 

69.3 
69.3 
72.2 
71.7 
73.5 
60.4 
69.1 


79.9 

80.1 
79.8 
80.2 
79.6 
81.2 
77.5 
81.3 

73.9 
74.1 
73.8 

74.7 
74.4 
75.3 
70.6 
69.7 


PERSONS  10  TO  14  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


277, 184 

135,475 
141, 709 
187,781 
157,392 

30,389 
5,793 

83,573 

1,118,874 
571,690 
547,184 
685,650 
673, 197 
12,453 
2,466 
429,666 


140,297 

68,361 
71,936 
94,506 
83,374 
11, 132 
1,123 
44,646 

829,046 

425,001 
404,045 
552,203 
546,310 
5,893 
689 
275,830 


181,580 

89, 184 

92,396 
135,514 
113,909 

21,605 
5,121 

40,282 

834,961 

426,425 
408,526 
615,930 
565,733 
50,197 
9,895 
199,983 


78,053 

38, 749 
39,304 
72,999 
44,343 
28,656 
3,975 
910 

161,557 

83,453 
78,104 
146,666 
105,506 
41,160 
6,077 
376 


162,303 

80,729 
81, 574 
149,099 
87,504 
61,595 
10,200 
1,455 

160,220 

82, 478 
77,742 
149, 805 
99,760 
50,045 
6,359 
340 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


231,355 

111,446 
119,909 
163,106 
136,899 

26,207 
4,502 

63,716 

867,715 

434,045 
433,670 
579,874 
568,787 
11,087 
1,769 
285,294 


120,454 

57,747 
62, 707 
84,706 
74,585 
10, 121 
932 
34,804 

645,242 
324,921 
320,321 
464, 162 
458,955 
5,207 
413 
180,545 


156,987 

76,258 

80,729 
121, 189 
102,653 

18,536 
3,519 

31,666 

660,915 
333,834 
327,081 
526,451 
488,497 
37,954 
3,788 
123,077 


72,996 

36,277 
36, 719 
68,622 
41,621 
27,001 
3,430 
839 

143,226 

73,933 
69,293 
134,303 
96,187 
38,116 
4,744 
327 


152,481 

75, 769 

76, 712 

140. 728 

82,548 

58,180 

9,150 

1,368 

150,862 

77,444 
73,418 
142, 268 
94,666 
47,602 
5,562 
300 


Per 
cent. 


83.5 

82.3 
84.6 
86.9 
87.0 
86.2 
77.7 
76.2 

77.6 

75.9 
79.3 
84.6 
84.5 
89.0 
71.7 
66.4 


85.9 

84.5 
87.2 
89.6 
89.5 
90.9 
83.0 
78.0 

77.8 
76.5 
79.3 
84.1 
84.0 
88.4 
59.9 
65.5 


86.5 

85.5 
87.4 
89.4 
90.1 
85.8 
68.7 
78.6 

79.2 

78.3 
80.1 
85.5 
86.3 
75.6 
38.3 
61.5 


93.5 

93.6 
93.4 
94.0 
93.9 
94.2 
86.3 
92.2 

88.7 


91.6 
91.2 
92.6 
78.1 
87.0 


93.9 

93.9 
94.0 
94.4 
94.3 
94.5 
89.7 
94.0 

94.2 

93.9 
94.4 
95.0 
94.9 
95.1 
87.5 
8S.2 


PERSONS  15  TO  20  YEARS 
OF  AGE. 


Total, 
number. 


371,491 

170,949 
200,542 
243,226 
206,639 
36,587 
13,711 
114,471 

1,166,731 

579,400 
587,331 
723,863 
710, 188 
13,675 
7,395 
434,287 


191,314 

88,344 
102,970 
125,505 
109, 138 

16,367 
2,617 

63,154 

884,671 

438,394 
446, 277 
593,998 
586,841 
7,167 
1,229 
289,111 


235,006 

107,720 
127, 286 
169,882 
142,284 

27,598 
9,306 

55,090 

893,380 

449,383 
443,997 
658,652 
605,596 
53,056 
16,582 
208,740 


101,966 

49,031 
52, 924 
91,379 
55,274 
36,105 
8,807 
1,274 

184,390 

100,256 
84, 134 
158,492 
112,226 
46, 266 
15,744 
517 


243,214 

121,491 
121, 723 
210, 892 
122, 148 
88,744 
25,119 
2,212 

194,833 

109, 215 
85,618 
169, 653 
113,009 
56, 644 
18,348 
463 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


97,433 

42,584 
54,849 
71,874 
63,406 
8,468 
1,372 
24,166 

420,029 

207,239 
212,790 
301,650 
297,301 
4,349 
544 
117,333 


64,172 
23,146 
31,026 
39, 198 
35,047 
4,151 
388 
14,579 

345,569 
175, 003 
170,566 
259, 744 
257,249 
2,495 
165 
85,601 


72,839 
32, 128 
40,711 
59,297 
51,680 
7,617 
1,165 
11,993 

337,420 
172,656 
164,764 
276,004 
260,843 

15,161 
1,346 

55,622 


40,624 

18,535 
21,989 
38,837 
24, 813 
14,024 
1,214 
380 

75,331 

39, 120 
36,211 
70,821 
51,497 
19,324 
1,753 
169 


89,918 

42, 529 
47, 389 
83,666 
51,965 
31, 701 
3,890 
654 

77,343 

38,815 
38, 528 
73.268 
50,616 
22,652 
2,142 
152 


Per 

cent. 


26.2 

24.9 
27.4 
29.6 
30.7 
23.1 
10.0 
21.1 

36.0 

35.8 
36.2 
41.7 
41.9 
31.8 
7.4 
27.0 


28.3 

26.2 
30.1 
31.2 
32.1 
25.4 
14.8 
23.1 

39.1 

39.9 
38.2 
43.7 
43.8 
34.9 
13.4 
29.6 


3L0 

29.8 
32.0 
34.9 
36.3 
27.6 
12.5 
21.8 

37.8 

38.4 
37.1 
41.9 
43.1 
28.6 
8.1 
26.6 


39.7 

37.8 
41.5 
42.5 
44.9 
38.8 
13.8 
29.8 

40.9 

39.0 
43.0 
44.7 
45.9 
41.8 
11.1 
32.7 


37.0 

35.0 
38.9 
39.7 
42.5 
35.7 
15.5 
29.6 

39.7 

35.5 
45.0 
43.2 
44.8 
40.0 
11.7 
32.8 


OTHERS 

ATTENDING 

SCHOOL. 


Under 
6  years 
of  age. 


7,806 
3,750 
4,056 
5,115 
3,910 
1,205 
129 
2,559 

25,867 

12,652 
13,215 
17,817 
17,435 
382 
36 
7,992 


3,993 

1,900 
2,093 
2,523 
2,206 
317 
30 
1,440 

26,669 

12, 828 
13, 731 
18,082 
17,933 
149 
10 
8,453 


4,830 

2,269 
2,561 
3,592 
2,993 
599 
111 
1,109 

16,451 

7,932 
8,519 
12, 776 
12,135 
641 
43 
3,357 


2,995 

1,503 
1,492 
2,850 
1,662 
1,188 
99 
42 

4,373 

2,172 
2,201 
4,064 
3,075 


6,305 

3,132 
3,173 
5,904 
3,590 
2,314 
245 
75 

3,457 

1,720 
1,737 
3,268 
2,227 
1,041 
70 
5 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


231 


PRINCIPAL  CITIES:   1909-10. 

Statistics  of  school  attendance  in  cities  having 
100,000  inhabitants  or  more  in  1910  are  given  in  Ta- 
bles 16  and  17.  Table  16  relates  to  the  population  6  to 
20  years  of  age  and  gives  details  by  color  or  race,  na- 
tivity, and  parentage.  A  similar  statement  for  cities 
having  from  25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants  is  given  in 
Table  18,  pages  233  to  235.  By  reason  of  the  peculiar 
interest  which  attaches  to  the  population  from  6  to  14 
years  of  age — the  ages  of  customary  school  attend- 
ance— statistics  for  this  group  are  presented  for  the 
larger  cities  in  Table  17,  page  232. 


In  the  larger  cities  the  proportion  of  persons  from 
6  to  20  years  of  age  attending  school  in  1909-10 
ranged  from  51  per  cent  in  Richmond  to  69.8  per 
cent  m  Cambridge.  High  percentages  of  school 
attendance  (65  or  over)  are  shown  for  Boston,  Cam- 
bridge, Denver,  Los  Angeles,  New  Haven,  Oakland, 
and  Worcester,  and  comparatively  low  percentages 
(under  55)  for  Atlanta,  Baltimore,  Birmingham, 
Memphis,  New  Orleans,  and  Richmond.  The  fact 
that  cities  with  a  small  percentage  of  school  attend- 
ance are  found  almost  entirely  in  the  South  is  largely, 
but  not  wholly,  explained  by  the  large  negro  popula- 
tion in  southern  cities. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  POPULATION  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  16 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala. 
Boston,  Mass 


Bridgeport,  Corm . 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  Mass. , 

Chicago,  III 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. . 


Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Columbus,  Ohio. 
Dayton,  Ohio . . . 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich . . . 


Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 


Los  Angeles,  Cal . 
Louisville,  Ky . . . 

Lowell,  Mass.* 

Memphis,  Tenn.. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.. 


Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Nashville,  f  enn 

New  Haven,  Conn. 
New  Orleans,  La. . . 


New  York,  N.Y 

Manhattan  Borough . 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough. . . 

Queens  Borough 

Richmond  Borough . . 


Newark,  N.J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J . . . 
PhUadelphia,  Pa. 


Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I... 

Bichmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.Y... 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal . 

Scrantoa,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 


Spokane,  Wash... 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Toledo.  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Worcester,  Mass... 


AU  CLASSES. 


Total 
nnmber. 


23,794 
42,981 

153,586 
36,939 

169,116 

26,938 
120,366 

27,426 
594,012 

93,618 

150,887 
44,354 
28,726 
51,958 

122,979 

36,235 
30,138 
56,997 
78,300 
57,467 

69,036 
60,690 
28,570 
32,462 
109,078 

75,611 
31,803 
36,263 
98,468 

1,334,357 
626,669 
m,81B 
Jill, 767 
88,0S0 
25,089 

97,544 
34,153 
31,281 
36,457 
410,243 

146,609 
43,272 
57,559 
35,271 
54,998 

181,402 
58,946 
85,368 
39,397 
49,294 

24,150 
34, 171 
45,314 
79,249 
38,277 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


14,816 
23,337 
79,933 
20,135 
115,210 

16,262 
73,412 
19, 152 
349,037 
55,474 

92,094 
27,631 
17,624 
34,537 


22,819 
19,141 
35,014 
47,198 
34,220 

44,995 
35,762 
17,603 
17,169 
63,228 

48,655 
18,191 
24,252 
52,799 

828,720 
368,913 
80,989 
SOS, 589 
67,618 
17,611 

61,916 
22,253 
20,085 
21,779 
237,333 

85,777 
26,146 
35,309 
17,986 
33,752 

101,320 
37,187 
50,128 
22,964 
31,099 

15,259 
21,131 
28, 198 
50,859 
24,928 


Per 

cent. 


«2.3 
54.3 
52.0 
54.5 
68.1 

60.4 
61.0 
69.8 
58.8 
S9.3 

61.0 
62.3 
61.4 
66.5 
56.8 

63.0 
63.5 
61.4 
60.3 
59.5 

65.2 
58.9 
61.6 
52.9 
58.0 

64.3 
57.2 
66.9 
53.6 

62.1 
68.9 
64.9 
64.4 
67.0 
70. t 

63.5 
65.2 
64.2 
59.7 
57.9 

58.5 
60-4 
61.3 
51.0 
61.4 

55.9 
63.1 
58.7 
58.3 
63.1 

63.2 
61.8 
62.2 
64.2 
65.1 


NATIVE  WHTTE. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


13,553 
25,788 
81,680 
19,150 
40,446 

7,355 
40,504 

6,654 
129,847 
55,031 

39,081 
31,770 
20,290 
27,775 
33,365 

5,124 
10,975 
40,738 
27,760 
38,053 

38,826 
38,593 
6,287 
16,161 
30,854 

25,669 
19,315 
10,639 
55,866 

307,697 
98,078 
55,785 

131,618 

si.gse 

9,97g 

30,348 
14,143 

13,887 

9,058 

171,550 

55,570 
22,914 
15,302 
20,012 
22,223 

94,669 
18,708 
30,481 
13,686 
23,919 

14,009 
16, 101 
22,156 
43,082 
19,718 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8,048 
14,849 
43,924 
11,065 
29,633 

4,058 
27,057 

5,035 
87,524 
34,597 

27,520 
20,564 
12,976 
19,012 
21,848 

3,883 
7,422 
25,683 
18,128 
23,257 

26,211 
23,531 
3,908 
9,744 
21,076 

17,939 

11,506 

7,835 

32,569 

206,893 
6S,072 
14,630 
89,112 
12,640 
7,/fi9 

20,460 

9,929 

9,321 

5,799 

105,029 

35,536 
14,503 
10,583 
11,205 
14,891 

56,588 
12,986 
18,973 
8,920 
15,957 

9,099 
10,720 
15,030 
28,724 

7,752 


Per 
cent. 


66.0 
67.6 
63.8 
67.8 
73.3 

67.4 
66.7 
75.7 
67.4 
62.9 

70.4 
64.7 
64.0 
68.5 
65.6 

75.8 
67.2 
63.0 
65.3 
61.1 

67.5 
61.0 
73.9 
60.3 
68.3 

69.9 
59.6 
73.6 
68.3 

67.2 
64.5 
68.6 
67.  S 
72.6 
74.6 

67.4 
70.2 
67.1 
64.0 
61.2 

63.9 
63.3 
69.2 
56.0 
67.0 

59.8 
69.3 
62.2 
65.2 
66.7 

65.0 
66.6 
67.8 
66.7 
72.3 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total 
number. 


8,498 
1,977 

41,411 
3,056 

97,928 

14,118 
67,528 
15,950 
368,343 
30,104 

84,610 
8,474 
6,003 

19,962 


22,802 
16,262 
9,915 
40,657 
12,500 

21,514 
11,720 
U,196 
2,952 
67,352 

42,371 

1,670 

18,829 

15,604 

690,672 
313,829 
70,615 
247,740 
46,722 
12,266 


16,063 
14,324 
20,976 
169,244 

68,814 
15,854 
30,168 
1,939 
25,363 

65,495 
35,262 
43,664 
21,712 
19,586 

8,324 
14,336 
19,837 
10,465 
21,711 


Attending 
school. 


FOBEION-BORN  WHITE. 


Number. 


5,115 
1,266 

21,976 
1,798 

70,729 

9,449 
41,247 
11,646 
224,172 
16,730 

62,944 
4,976 
3,547 
13,294 
40,152 

15,351 
10,387 

5,859 
25,306 

7,544 

14,359 
6,552 

11,634 
1,798 

37,904 

27,392 
1,036 

13,292 
8,190 

471,677 
212,431 

48,343 
170,418 

31,677 


32,846 

10,360 

9,268 

13,265 

101,647 

41,049 
9,764 

19,960 
1,104 

15,624 

34,944 
21,922 
26,569 
12,619 
12,667 

5,374 
9,014 

11,729 
7,079 

14,695 


Per 
cent. 


60.2 
64.0 
53.1 
58.8 
72.2 

66.9 
61.1 
73.0 
60.9 
55.6 

62.6 
58.7 
59.1 
66.6 
57.4 

67.3 
63.9 
59.1 
62.2 
60.4 

48.9 
55.9 
67.7 
61.0 
56.3 

64.6 
62.0 
70.6 
52.5 

68.3 
67.8 
68.6 
68.8 
67.6 
72.6 

67.3 
64.5 
64.7 
63.2 
60.1 

59.7 
61.6 
66.2 
56.9 
61.6 

53.4 
62.2 
60.8 
58.1 
64.7 

64.6 
62.9 
59.1 
67.6 
67.7 


Total 
number. 


1,521 
583 

9,763 

707 

28,195 

5,200 
11,928 

3,590 
88,414 

4,528 

25,570 
1,380 
1,408 
3,116 

18,577 

8,236 
2,780 
1,437 
8,594 
2,345 

6,287 
1,000 
6,055 
722 
10,723 

7,152 

286 

6,048 

2,276 

318,400 

204,648 

17,520 

86,390 

7,304 

2,538 

16,256 
2,648 
2,317 
6,046 

62,370 

16,600 
4,027 

10,863 

446 

7,227 

12,275 
4,468 
8,746 
3,855 
4,846 

1,655 
3,516 
2,962 
2,047 
5,562 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


625 

258 

3,737 

294 

13,160 

1,688 

4,911 

1,583 

33,005 

1,884 

10,656 

578 

521 

1,549 

7,152 

3,543 
1,262 
498 
2,952 
1,043 

3,073 
383 

2,047 
278 

4,167 

3,047 
158 

2,619 
897 

140,522 

87,990 

7,666 

40,970 

2,929 

1,067 

7,283 
1,227 
1,054 
2,502 
21,291 

6,813 
1,660 
3,990 
212 
3,129 

4,856 
1,957 
3,524 
1,338 
2,062 


1,265 
1,218 
1,018 
2,292 


Per 
cent. 


41.1 
44.3 
38.3 
41.6 
46.7 

32.5 
41.2 
44.1 
37.3 
41.6 

41.7 
41.9 
37.0 
49.7 
38.5 

43.0 
45.4 
34.7 
34.3 
44.6 

66.7 
38.3 
33.8 
38.5 
38.9 

42.6 
55.2 
43.3 
39.4 

44.1 
43.0 
43.2 
47.4 
40.1 
42.0 

44.8 
46.3 
45.5 
41.4 
40.7 

35.0 
41.2 
36.7 
47.5 
43.3 

39.6 
43.8 
40.3 
34.7 
42.6 

42.1 
36.0 
41.1 
49.7 
41.2 


Total 
number. 


220 

14,630 

20,715 

14,025 

2,455 

264 

302 

1,227 

7,226 

3,952 

1,591 
2,717 
1,022 
1,044 
1,121 

64 

119 

4,902 

1,282 

4,548 

1,738 

9,374 

29 

12,617 

145 

406 

10,531 

740 

24,685 

17,184 

10,334 

881 

4,903 

766 

310 

2,087 

533 

741 

366 

16,999 

5,605 
122 

1,177 

12,873 

176 

8,907 
496 
244 
143 
281 

124 
214 
350 
23,593 
282 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


128 
6,963 
10,284 
6,978 
1,650 

167 

191 

886 

4,243 

2,261 

962 
1,506 
580 
645 
647 

40 
69 

2,970 
811 

2,370 

1,100 
5,296 

13 
5,343 

79 

270 

5,491 

501 

11,129 

9,417 

6,282 

644 

S,9S2 

465 

194 

1,318 
325 
434 
210 

9,323 

3,368 
64 

743 
5,465 

105 

4,897 

319 

112 

87 

157 

79 

131 

216 

14,000 

185 


Per 

cent. 


58.2 
47.6 
49.6 
49.8 
67.2 

63.3 
63.2 
72.2 
58.7 
57.2 

60.5 
55.4 
56.8 
61.8 
57.7 


58.0 
60.6 
63.3 
52.1 

63.3 
56.5 


42.3 
54.5 

66.5 
52.1 
67.7 
45.1 

54.8 
51.1 
61.7 
69.8 
61.B 

6t.e 

63.2 
61.0 
58.6 
57.4 
54.8 

60.1 
52.5 
63.1 
42.5 
59.7 

55.0 
64.3 
45.9 
60.8 
55.9 

63.7 
61.2 
61.4 
69.3 
65.6 


232 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


For  children  from  6  to  14  years  of  age  the  percentage 
attending  school  is  generally  high.  For  the  principal 
cities  the  range  of  variation  was  from  74.4  in  Richmond 
and  Birmingham  to  95.2  in  Cambridge.  Among  the 
50  cities  having  100,000  inhabitants  or  more  there  are 
21  in  which  90  per  cent  or  over  of  the  children  from 


6  to  14  years  of  age  were  reported  as  attending  school. 
Exceptionally  high  percentages  (92  and  over)  are 
shown  for  Boston,  Bridgeport,  Cambridge,  New 
Haven,  and  Omaha,  while  low  percentages  Gess  than 
80)  are  noted  in  Atlanta,  Baltimore,  Birmingham, 
Memphis,  Nashville,  New  Orleans,  and  Richmond. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  CHILDREN  6  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AGE  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  Is  less  than  100.] 


Table  17 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. . . 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis.  Minn 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

NewYork,  N.  Y 

Manhattan  Borough 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough. . 
Queens  Borough — 
Richmond  Borough. 

Newark,  N.J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pitteburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Greg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


AIX  CLASSES. 


Total 
number 


13,380 
24,099 
87,891 
21,539 
100,560 

15,299 
69,405 
16,502 
336,808 
50,425 

86,613 
24,086 
15,959 
29,307 
68,847 

21,700 
17,100 
31,986 
47,024 
30,571 

37,189 
33,689 
16,119 
17,444 
62,112 

40,014 
17,657 
21,724 
57,661 

770,037 
543,780 
74,875 
i8Z,eiO 
62,9iS 
16,849 

57,529 
18,952 
16,817 
21,415 
237,900 

84,821 
22,255 
33,114 
19,560 
30,312 

99,905 
31,498 
44,633 
23,398 
26,432 

13,513 
19,186 
25,952 
44,719 
22,313 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


11,824 
18,486 
68,218 
16,019 
94,234 

14,123 
60,813 
15,718 
296,766 
45,685 

78,595 
21,531 
14,377 
26,457 
59,575 

19,915 
15,385 
29,008 
40,556 
26,572 

33,701 
29,701 
14,720 
13,372 
54,165 

35,912 
13,730 
20,466 
44,377 

698,015 
S08,S8g 

68,212 

267,235 

49,191 

14,796 

52,885 
16,827 
15,624 
19,294 
205,009 

72,316 
19,084 
2&,560 
14,562 
27,859 

85,421 
28,871 
38,659 
19,525 
22,589 

11,363 
16,857 
23,499 
38,775 
20,422 


Per 
cent. 


88.4 
76.7 
77.6 
74.4 
93.7 

92.3 
87.6 
95.2 
88.1 
90.6 

90.8 
89.4 
90.1 
90.3 
86.5 

91.8 
90.0 
90.7 
86.2 
86.9 

90.6 
88.2 
91.3 
76.7 
87.2 

89.7 
77.8 
94.2 
77.0 

90.6 
89.8 
91.1 
91.0 


91.9 

88.8 
92.9 
90.1 
86.2 

85.3 
85.8 
89.2 
74.4 
91.9 

85.5 
91.7 
86.6 
83.4 
85.5 

84.1 
87.9 
90.5 
86.7 
91.5 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


7,966 
14,661 
47,294 
11,350 
24,514 

4,361 
24,041 

4,021 
79,064 
31,462 

23,915 
17,641 
11,586 
15,905 
19,785 

3,388 
6,365 
23,368 
17,688 
20,504 

21,179 
22,321 
3,235 
9,093 
18,851 

14,184 

11,081 

6,525 

34,014 

188,327 
57,406 
22,608 
81,867 
20,449 
6,497 

18,534 

8,371 

7,608 

5,566 

100,957 

33,588 
12,149 
9,053 
11,343 
12,851 

55,384 
10,784 
17,005 
8,545 
13,373 

8,111 

9,180 

13,080 

24,796 

6,388 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


7,063 
11,620 
36,895 

8,488 
22,994 

4,058 
21,652 

3,818 
70,540 
28,593 

22,285 
15,892 
10,483 
14,242 
17,844 

3,242 
5,651 
21,220 
15,348 
17,822 

19,167 
19,704 
3,024 
7,463 
16,993 

12,621 
8,763 
6,172 

27,338 

170,200 
60,887 
20,457 
73,678 

19,  we 

6,072 

16,984 
7,419 
7,023 
4,976 

87,959 

29,001 
10,382 
8,247 
8,983 
11,871 

47,575 
9,769 

14,660 
7,337 

11,462 

6,765 
8,071 
12,151 
21,767 
5,917 


Per 
cent. 


88.7 
79.3 
78.0 
74.8 
93.8 

93.1 
90.1 
95.0 
89.2 
90.9 

93.2 
90.1 
90.5 
89.5 
90.2 

95.7 
88.8 
90.8 
86.8 
86.9 

90.5 
88.3 
93.5 
82.1 
90.1 

89.0 
79.1 
94.6 
80.4 

90.4 
88.6 
90.6 
90.6 
93.4 
93.6 

91.6 
88.6 
92.3 
89.4 
87.1 

86.3 
85.5 
91.1 
79.2 
92.4 

85.9 
90.6 
86.2 
85.9 
85.7 

83.4 
87.9 
92.9 
87.8 
92.6 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total 
number. 


4,671 
1,160 

24,985 
1,878 

63,620 

9,116 

40,452 

10,336 

219, 774 

15,110 

51,073 
4,445 
3,265 
11,380 
41,034 

15,202 
9,447 
5,350 

25,454 
6,765 

12,076 
6,104 

10,966 
1,609 

38,670 

22,878 

901 

12,315 

8,633 

446,143 
203,212 

44,864 
160,686 

29,310 
8,181 

30,963 

8,819 

7,838 

13,103 

104,892 

41,799 
8,291 

19,381 
1,088 

14,468 

34,513 
18,646 
23,419 
13,220 
10,801 

4,636 
8,624 

11,390 
6,080 

13,741 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


4,124 

974 

19,540 

1,470 
60,001 

8,448 
35,033 

9,918 
193,994 
13,718 

46,160 
3,934 
2,946 
10,397 
35,025 

13,923 
8,593 
4,867 

21,997 
5,952 

11,075 
5,452 

10,054 
1,362 

33,389 

20,686 

760 

11,654 

6,835 

407,354 
184,036 

41,141 
147,259 

27,238 
7,680 

28,678 

7,890 

7,373 

11,908 

90,244 

35,537 

7,231 

17,353 

892 

13,306 

29,606 
17,234 
20,609 
10,958 
9,285 

3,985 
7,627 

10,086 
5,392 

12,643 


Per 

cent. 


88.3 
84.0 
78.2 
78.3 
94.3 

92.7 
86.6 
96.0 
88.3 
90.8 

90.4 
88.5 
90.2 
91.4 
85.4 

91.6 
91.0 
91.0 
86.4 
88.0 

91.7 
89.3 
91.7 
84.6 
86.3 

90.4 
84.4 
94.6 
79.2 

91.3 
90.6 
91.7 
91.7 
92.9 
93.9 

92.6 
89.5 
94.1 
90.9 
86.0 

85.0 
87.2 
89.5 
82.0 
92.0 

85.8 
92.4 
88.0 
82.9 
86.0 

86.0 
88.4 
88.6 
88.7 
91.3 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 


Total 
number. 


617 

265 

4,339 

329 

10,965 

1,660 
4,730 
1,391 
34,078 
1,826 

10,675 

597 

561 

1,417 

7,405 

3,071 
1,222 
506 
3,107 
1,044 

2,820 
362 

1,906 
296 

4,517 

2,722 

136 

2,446 

1,009 

126,530 

78,061 

6,897 

37,842 

2,739 

991 

6,837 
1,145 
986 
2,626 
22,413 

6,054 
1,611 
3,968 
202 
2,895 

5,251 
1,806 
3,324 
1,553 
1,958 


1,266 

1,286 

906 

2,011 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


524 
206 

3,267 
254 

9,873 

1,476 
3,966 
1,266 
28,760 
1,565 

9,366 

489 

462 

1,283 

6,162 

2,713 

1,082 

422 

2,636 


2,455 
305 

1,632 
225 

3,724 

2,405 

109 

2,239 

746 

112,532 

69,225 

6,153 

33,814 

2,468 


6,138 
1,007 
883 
2,217 
18,727 

4,941 
1,328 
3,319 
173 
2,591 

4,272 
1,624 
2,813 
1,157 
1,606 

563 
1,046 
1,085 

782 
1,800 


Per 
cent. 


84.9 
77.7 
76.3 
77.2 
90.0 


83.8 
90.9 
84.4 

85.7 

87.7 
81.9 
83.8 
90.5 
83.2 

88.3 
88.6 
83.4 
81.6 
84.7 

87.1 
84.3 
85.6 
76.0 
82.4 

88.4 
80.1 
91.6 
73.9 


89.4 
89.7 
89.0 


87.9 
89.6 
87.8 
83.6 

81.6 
82.4 
83.6 
85.6 
89.5 

81.4 
89.9 
84.6 
74.5 
82.0 

79.5 
83.3 
84.4 
86.4 
89.5 


Total 
number. 


125 

8,011 

11,265 

7,982 

1,430 

162 

176 

752 

3,840 

2,024 

838 
1,396 
656 
579 
615 

37 
65 

2,759 
774 

2,251 

933 
4,902 

12 
6,440 

72 

226 

6,638 

436 

13,990 

8,864 

4,993 

612 

2,764 

418 

177 

1,184 
280 
382 
217 

9,604 

3,371 
63 
679 

6,927 
96 

4,725 
261 
108 
80 
153 

61 
126 
191 
12,910 
170 


Attending 
school. 


Nimiber, 


113 
5,686 
8,509 
5,807 
1,337 

141 

157 

715 

3,424 

1,807 

775 
1,210 
486 
513 
636 

36 
58 

2,496 
674 

1,910 


4,240 

10 

4,317 

58 

197 
4,098 

400 
9,446 

7,783 

4,346 

457 

S,U1 

382 

168 

1,076 
247 

•343 
192 

8,051 

2,833 
48 
603 

4,514 
90 

3,941 

243 

87 

73 

127 

54 
112 
173 
10,807 
159 


Per 
cent. 


90.4 
71.0 
75.5 
72.8 
93.5 

87.0 
89.2 
95.1 
89.2 
89.3 

92.5 
86.7 
87.4 
88.6 
87.2 


90.5 
87.1 
84.9 

93.0 
86.5 


67.0 


87.6 
74.0 
91.7 
67.5 

87.8 
87.0 
89.3 
88.3 
91.4 
89.  S 

90.9 
88.2 
89.8 
88.5 
83.8 

84.0 


88.8 
65.2 


83.4 
93.1 
80.6 


88.9 
90.6 
83.7 
93.5 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


233 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  POPULATION  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE  IN  CITIES   HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000 

INHABITANTS:  1910. 
[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  18 


Alabama 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 
Little  Rock 

California 

Berkeley 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Jose 

Colorado 

Ck)lorado  Springs 

Pueblo 

Connectlcnt 

Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Meriden  city 

New  Britain 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 

Delaware 
Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Georgia 

Augusta 

Macon 

Savannah 

nilnots 

Aurora 

Bloomington 

Danville 

Decattu- 

East  St.  Louis 

Elgin 

Jofiet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 

Indiana 

E  vansville 

Fort  Wayne 

South  Bend 

Terre  Haute 

Iowa 

Cedar  Rapids 

Clinton 

Council  Blufls 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City : 

Waterloo 

Kansas 

Kansas  City 

Topeka 

Wichita 

Kentucky 

Covington 

Lexington 

Newport 

Lonisiana 
Shreveport 

Maine 

Lewiston 

Portland 


ALL  CLASSES. 


Total 
number. 


14,097 
10,760 


12,016 


10,050 
6,621 
9,381 
8,552 
6,868 


7,2S5 
10,887 


25,039 
9,312 
7,8S1 

12,305 
7,651 
7,602 
6,781 

20,388 


23,202 


14,497 
10,678 


11,317 
11,854 
17,399 


7,817 
6,676 
7,629 
8,372 

1.5,349 
6,578 
9,507 

16,651 
9,727 

11,885 

13,578 


18,985 
17,548 
14,679 
15,539 


8,763 
6,900 
8,163 
11,349 
22,300 
10,531 
12,889 
6,842 


22,923 
11,198 
13,591 


14,764 
8,649 
8,498 


7,626 


7,725 
13,831 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


8,083 
6,288 


7,134 


7,466 
4,814 
5,485 
5,806 
4,776 


5,214 
7,050 


17,134 
6,174 
S,ttS 
7,783 
5,019 
4,827 
i,«77 

13,471 


13,404 


7,643 
5,598 


5,927 
6,097 
9,084 


4,617 
4,969 
4,983 

5,199 
8,619 
4,274 
5,863 
10,124 
5,729 
7,020 
8,064 


10,628 
10,582 
8,114 
9,600 


5,583 
4,649 
5,434 
7,117 
14,6.33 
6,598 
7,893 
4,475 


13,924 
6,829 
8,490 


8,448 
5,609 
4,669 


4,186 


4,269 
9,500 


Per 
cent. 


57.3 
49.1 


69.4 


74.3 
72.7 
58.6 
67.9 
69.6 


71.9 
64.8 


68.4 
66.3 

ee.5 

63.3 
65.6 
63.5 

es.i 

66.1 


57.8 


62.7 
62.4 


52.4 
61.4 
62.2 


67.8 
64.9 
66.2 
62.1 
55.5 
6.5.0 
61.7 
60.8 
58.9 
59.1 
59.4 


56.0 
60.3 
65.3 
61.1 


63.7 
67.4 
66.6 
62.7 
65.6 
62.7 
61.2 
65.4 


60.7 
61.0 
62.5 


57.2 
64.9 
54.9 


55.3 
68.7 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


6,756 
4,792 


6,760 


5,222 
4,521 
5,274 
5,129 
3,558 


6,319 
6,316 


7,805 
2,607 
e,190 
2,689 
2,431 
2,666 
t,tt7 
6,655 


12,693 


6,749 
3,324 


5,667 
6,166 
6,607 


3,646 
4,0.33 
5,698 
6,374 
9,735 
2,9.31 
3,414 
10,656 
6,730 
4,354 
8,413 


14,256 
11,826 
6,256 
12,626 


5,051 
3,541 
5,267 
6,175 
14,830 
6,200 
6,548 
5,184 


14,330 
7,410 
11,293 


10, 713 
5,478 
5,889 


3,030 


2,112 
6,787 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,453 
2,423 


4,280 


4,139 
3,440 
3,272 
3,565 
2,558 


3,852 
4,222 


5,731 
1,929 

i,eto 

2,020 
1,819 
1,840 
1,B4S 
3,943 


7,648 


3,133 
2,017 


3,277 
3,483 
3,984 


2,324 
2,805 
3,896 
4,054 
5,741 
2,076 
2,363 
6,671 
4,223 
2,916 
5,189 


8,204 
7,473 
3,895 
7,863 


3,425 
2,576 
3,637 
4,241 
10,069 
4,225 
4,289 
3,532 


9,035 
4,651 
7,177 


6,382 
3,761 
3,367 


1,936 


1,444 
4,796 


Per 
cent. 


65.9 
50.6 


63.3 


79.3 
76.1 
62.0 
69.5 
71.9 


72.4 
66.9 


73.4 
74.0 
71.0 
76.1 
74.8 
69.0 
69.  S 
71.0 


60.7 


54.5 
60.7 


57.8 
66.5 
60.3 


65.6 
69.6 
68.4 
63.6 
59.0 
70.8 
69.2 
62.6 
62.7 
67.0 
61.7 


57.6 
63.2 
62.3 
62.3 


67.8 
72.7 
69.1 
68.7 
67.9 
67.5 
6.5.5 
68.1 


63.0 
62.8 
63.6 


59.6 
68.7 
57.2 


68.4 
70.7 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total 
number. 


1,114 
377 


1,238 


3,932 
1,621 
3,050 
2,  .539 
2,733 


1,502 
3,243 


12,678 
6,738 

4,79e 

6,877 
3,819 
3,611 
3,300 
11,298 


6,606 


907 
2,739 


390 

262 

1,748 


3,633 
2,156 
1,423 
1,618 
3,146 
3,321 
4,945 
5,174 
2,545 
6,220 
3,790 


3,034 
5,186 
6,573 
2,046 


3,221 
3,061 
2,560 
4,720 
5,924 
4,038 
5,213 
1,447 


5,180 
2,172 
1,421 


3,362 

409 

2,221 


3,716 
5,640 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


689 
214 


731 


2,823 
1,117 
1,740 
1,786 
1,931 


1,079 
2,286 


9,175 
3,807 
S,tOS 
4,929 
2,599 
2,443 

tjm 

8,113 


3,940 


646 
1,600 


258 

191 

1,071 


2,021 
1,284 
854 
942 
1,746 
2,049 
3,099 
3,080 
1,277 
3,699 
2,119 


1,496 
2,862 
3,493 
1,196 


1,929 
1,926 
1,671 
2,668 
3,788 
2,280 
3,172 
884 


3,113 

1,256 

873 


1,604 

272 

1,107 


279 


2,239 
4,114 


Per 
cent. 


61.8 
56.8 


71.8 
68.9 
67.0 
70.3 
70.7 


71.8 
70.6 


72.4 
66.3 
66.8 
71.7 
68  1 
67.7 
67.1 
71.8 


68.8 


60.2 
61.7 


66.2 
72.9 
61.3 


55.6 
68.6 
60.0 
58.2 
55.5 
61.7 
62.7 
59.5 
50.2 
59.5 
55.9 


49.3 
65.0 
53.1 
58.5 


.59.9 
62.9 
65.3 
56.5 
63.9 
56.5 
60.8 
61.1 


60.1 
67.8 
61.4 


50.4 
66.5 
49.8 


67.7 


60.3 
72.9 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


596 
288 
624 
722 
481 


164 
990 


4,111 
909 
811 
2,709 
1,237 
1,268 
1,189 
3,358 


259 
2,300 


76 
81 
a52 


559 

180 
81 

193 
1,086 

290 
1,041 

484 

67 

1,274 

630 


97 

407 

1,700 

211 


450 
189 
267 
319 
876 
215 
1,060 
208 


1,032 
351 
219 


55 
61 
234 


109 


1,883 
1,337 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


38 


341 
138 
245 
355 
231 


347 


389 
351 
816 
492 
506 
ASg 


440 


90 
720 


31 
29 
158 


127 


128 
333 
193 
22 
384 
302 


25 
174 
637 

77 


87 
120 
378 

79 
385 

57 


275 
1.30 
80 


24 
28 
111 


580 
543 


Per 
cent. 


36.9 


57.2 
47.9 
39.3 
49.2 
48.0 


54.3 
35.1 


46.4 
42.8 
13.3 
30.1 
39.8 
40.2 


34.7 
31.3 


22.7 
42.2 


49.7 
28.4 
44.1 
32.0 


30.1 
47.9 


42.8 
37.5 
36.5 


45.1 
36.5 
32.6 
37.6 
43.2 
36.7 
36.3 
27.4 


26.6 
37.0 
36.5 


41.3 


30.8 
40.6 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


6,027 
5,518 


3,912 


69 
159 
103 
113 

23 


266 
331 


441 
58 
68 
30 

158 
67 
6S 

175 


2,326 


7,571 
2,313 


5,179 
5,346 


80 
207 
327 
187 
1,382 

36 
107 
336 
383 

37 
743 


125 
126 
656 


41 
109 

62 
135 
670 

17 

68 
3 


2,371 

1,262 

655 


6.33 

2,696 

154 


4,074 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,853 
2,624 


2,085 


43 
111 
49 


194 
196 


317 
49 

fs 

106 
38 
38 

114 


1,375 


3,864 
1,171 


2,358 
2,394 
3,871 


45 
124 
200 
107 
724 

21 

68 
180 
207 

21 
452 


76 
364 


26 
78 
39 
88 
398 
14 
47 
2 


1,497 
791 
358 


348 

1,546 

84 


Per 
cent. 


234 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  POPULATION  6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000 

INHABITANTS:  1910— Continued. 
,  [Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  18— Continued. 


Massachusetts 

Brockton 

Brookline  town 

€helsea 

Chicopee 

Everett , 

yitchburg 

Haverhill. 

Holyoke 

Lawrence , 

Iiynn , 

Maiden 

New  Bedford 

Newton 

Pittsfleld 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Waltham 

Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 

Minnesota 
Duluth 

Missouri 

Joplin 

St.  Joseph 

Springfield 

Montana 
Butte 

Kebraska 

Lincoln 

South  Omaha 

New  Hampshire 

Manchester 

Nashua 

New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken 

Orange 

Passaic 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town 

New  York 

Amsterdam 

Aubtum 

Bingham  ton 

Ebnira 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon 

New  Rochelle 

Newburrii 

Niagara  Falls 

Poughkeepsie 

Schenectady 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

YoDkers 

North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

Wilmington 


ALL  CLASSES. 


Total 
number. 


14,505 

5,766 

9,007 

7,630 

9,243 

10,648 

11,201 

17,907 

23,520 

21,328 

12,296 

26,784 

10,255 

8,067 

9,096 

11,829 

18,993 

22,158 

8,991 

7,309 


5,841 
13,696 
8,871 
7,249 
9,580 
7,988 
13,619 


20,615 


8,947 
20,299 
10,127 


8,761 


11,049 
7,879 


21,059 

7,429 


10,291 
16,857 
25,637 

8,199 
20,499 
20,343 

8,172 
17,687 

9,503 
26,495 
10,558 


8,235 
7,882 
11,053 
9,407 
7,904 
7,180 
8,475 
7,748 
7,370 
7,553 
6,641 
17,826 
19,557 
19,244 
6,396 
22,986 


10,404 
7,228 


Attending 
school. 


Number. 


9,793 
4,220 
6,678 
4,728 
6,516 
6,760 
7,669 
10,742 
14,063 
13,781 
8,642 
15,300 
7,700 
5,230 
6,380 
7,881 
13,923 
15,182 
5,507 
6,092 


3,955 

8,869 
4,739 
4,697 
6,067 
4,877 
8,771 


13,016 


5,900 
12,375 
6,361 


6,187 


7,675 
4,659 


11,717 
4,470 


5,945 
10,909 
14,532 
5,567 
12,387 
12,201 
5,303 
8,297 
5,694 
16,409 
5,633 


4,477 
4,800 
7,400 
6,476 
5,068 
4,293 
6,104 
5,339 
4,274 
4,779 
3,794 
11,348 
12,921 
11,190 
4,294 
15,310 


5,379 
4,062 


Per 
cent. 


67.6 
73.2 
63.0 
62.0 
70.6 
63.5 
67.6 
60.0 
59.8 
64.6 
70.3 
67.1 
75.1 
64.8 
70.1 
66.6 
73.3 
68.5 
61.3 
69.7 


67.7 
64.8 
53.4 
64.8 
63.3 
61.1 
64.4 


65.9 
61.0 
62.8 


70.6 


55.6 
60.2 


57.8 
64.7 
56.7 
67.9 
60.4 
60.0 
64.9 
46.9 
59.9 
61.9 
53.4 


54.4 
60.9 
67.0 
68.8 
64.1 
69.8 
72.0 
68.9 
58.0 
63.3 
57.1 
63.7 
66.1 
58.1 
67.1 
66.6 


51.7 
66.1 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


5,675 
2,452 
1,646 
1,568 
2,607 
2,538 
4,526 
3,134 
3,592 
7,271 
3,363 
4,233 
3,939 
4,031 
2,403 
3,573 
6,639 
8,609 
3,222 
2,626 


4,337 
4,007 
6,368 
4,616 
6,340 
5,162 
5,420 


3,966 


8,207 
14,453 
8,599 


2,775 


6,783 
2,863 


4,105 
2,028 


5,532 
3,800 

13,915 
4,617 
6,757 
5,101 
2,729 
2,392 
1,682 

10,966 
2,709 


2,771 
4,083 
7,424 
5,766 
2,438 
4,698 
3,653 
2,655 
4,177 
2,205 
4,015 
7,950 
10,004 
7,789 
3,284 
7,070 


6,374 
3,452 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,004 
2,013 
1,073 
1,199 
1,854 
1,850 
3,217 
2,273 
2,636 
5,080 
2,478 
2,913 
3,379 
2,814 
1,872 
2,734 
5,086 
6,294 
2,212 
1,917 


2,993 
3,035 
3,049 
3,113 
3,507 
3,160 
3,788 


2,656 


5,429 
8,995 
5,469 


2,069 


4,935 
1,840 


2,861 
1,514 


3,275 

2,584 
8,195 
3,451 
4,543 
3,350 
1,868 
1,717 
1,096 
7,244 
1,594 


1,815 
2,809 
5,362 
4,068 
1,733 
2,993 
2,873 
1,893 
2,539 
1,537 
2,391 
5,208 
7,187 
4,948 
2,294 
5,256 


3,599 
2,116 


Per 
cent. 


70.6 
82.1 
65.2 
76.5 
71.1 
72.9 
71.1 
72.6 
73.4 
69.9 
73.7 
68.8 
86.8 
69.8 
77.9 
76.5 
76.6 
73.1 
68.7 
75.9 


69.0 
75.7 
56.8 
67.4 
65.7 
61.2 
69.9 


67.0 


66.2 
62.2 
63.6 


74.6 


72.8 
64.5 


69.7 

74.7 


59.2 
68.0 
58.9 
74.7 
67.2 
65.7 
68.4 
71.8 
69.3 
66.1 
68.8 


65.5 
68.8 
72.2 
70.6 
71.1 
63.7 
78.6 
74.1 
60.8 
69.7 
59.6 
65.5 
71.8 
63.5 
69.9 
74.3 


56.5 
61.3 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total 
number, 


6,920 
2,709 
4,689 
4,332 
5,467 
6,215 
5,123 
11,294 
12,906 
10,348 
7,188 
14,136 
4,968 
3,254 
5,429 
6,302 
10,611 
10,184 
4,491 
3,991 


1,118 
8,963 
2,720 
2,247 
3,268 
2,332 
7,379 


13,771 


518 
4,117 


5,269 


2,965 
3,978 


10,781 
3,667 


2,347 
10,011 
8,380 
2,462 
10,317 
11,937 
3,956 
7,393 
5,639 
11,278 
6,067 


3,538 
2,757 
2,446 
2,897 
4,271 
1,981 
3,609 
3,665 
2,650 
3,476 
2,008 
7,501 
8,074 
7,862 
2,231 
11,884 


174 
232 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


4,986 
2,078 
3,244 
2,999 
4,024 
4,275 
3,720 
7,236 
8,628 
7,171 
5,310 
9,063 
3,856 
2,077 
3,919 
4,428 
8,039 
7,324 
2,876 
2,839 


768 
5,430 
1,378 
1,424 
2,060 
1,487 
4,550 


9,228 


350 

2,507 
538 


3,784 


2,038 
2,419 


6,964 
2,473 


1,527 
7,049 
4,822 
1,685 
6,486 
7,524 
2,729 
4,918 
3,826 
7,477 
3,348 


2,195 
1,695 
1,646 
1,929 
2,868 
1,092 
2,711 
2,769 
1,542 
2,455 
1,185 
5,137 
5,113 
4,913 
1,692 
8,743 


124 
157 


Per 
cent. 


72.1 
76.7 
69.2 
69.2 
73.6 
68.8 
72.6 
64.1 
66.9 
69.3 
73.9 
64.1 
77.6 
63.8 
72.2 
70.3 
75.8 
71.9 
64.0 
71.1 


68.7 
60.6 
50.7 
63.4 
63.0 
63.8 
61.7 


67.0 


67.6 
60.9 
61.9 


71.8 


68.7 
60.8 


64.6 
67.6 


65.1 
70.4 
57.5 
68.4 
62.9 
63.0 
69.0 
66.5 
67.8 
66.3 
56.2 


62.0 
61.5 
67.3 
66.6 
67.2 
55.1 
76.1 
76.6 
58.2 
70.6 
59.0 
68.5 
63.3 
62.5 
71.4 
73.6 


71.3 
67.7 


FOREIGN-BOEN  WHITE. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


1,754 

583 
2,599 
1,727 

912 
1,888 
1,456 
3,462 
6,976 
3,509 
1.600 
7,760 
1,233 

709 
1,261 
1,915 
1,675 
3,003 
1,203 

764 


279 
694 
677 
316 
814 
403 
758 


2,812 


35 
730 
35 


650 


1,137 
882 


6,165 
1,744 


750 
2,916 
1,865 

632 
3,047 
3,271 

908 
7,770 
2,242 
3,762 
1,765 


1,905 

953 
1,073 

619 
1,167 

323 
1,005 
1,116 

402 
1,829 

471 
2,322 
1,363 
3,519 

866 
3,695 


AttendiDg 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


704 

118 

1,316 

530 

434 

631 

565 

1,225 

2,772 

1,417 

750 

2,931 

390 

289 

685 

696 

750 

1,299 

370 

315 


125 
383 
255 
123 
404 
157 
398 


1,090 


596 
308 


1,888 
483 


311 
1,193 

646 

155 
1,152 
1,305 

328 
1,594 

752 
1,395 

686 


453 
235 
323 
395 
448 
104 
423 
454 
124 
762 
134 
970 
540 

1,278 
397 

1,115 


Per 
cent. 


40.1 
20.2 
50.6 
30.7 
47.6 
33.4 
38.8 
35.4 
39.7 
40.4 
46.9 
37.8 
31.6 
40.8 
46.8 
36.3 
44.8 
43.3 
30.8 
41.2 


44.8 
65.2 
37.7 
38.9 
49.6 
39.0 
52.5 


38.8 


42.3 


45.2 


52.4 
34.9 


30.6 
27.7 


41.6 
40.9 
34.6 
24.5 
37.8 
39.9 
36.1 
20.5 
33.5 
37.1 
38.9 


23.8 
24.7 
30.1 
63.8 
38.4 
32.2 
42.1 
40.7 
30.8 
41.7 
28.5 
41.8 
39.6 
36.3 
45.8 
30.2 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


155 

21 

69 

3 

255 

6 

95 

14 

•45 

189 

144 

650 

111 

73 

11 

33 

67 

353 

75 

25 


107 
29 

106 
70 

156 
91 
61 


60 


187 
995 
618 


39 


158 
161 


1,661 

129 

1,467 

485 

378 

33 
578 
132 

40 
486 

10 


108 
125 

27 
178 
207 
411 
141 

42 
147 

53 
116 

74 

15 
333 


3,801 
3,617 


41 

204 

80.0 

4 

66 

7 

27 

112 

59.3 

104 

72.2 

390 

60.0 

73 

65.8 

50 

4 

19 

48 

258 

73.1 

49 

20 

69 

64.6 

18 

57 

63.8 

37 

96 

61.5 

73 

34 

38 

SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


235 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE  OF  POPULATION   6  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000 

INHABITANTS:  1910— Continued. 
[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


-Table  18— Continued. 


ALL  CLASSES. 


NATIVE  WHITE. 


Total 
number. 


Ohio 


Akron 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield. . . 
Youngstown . 
ZaciesviUe 


Oklahoma 


Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City. 


Pennsylvania 

Ailentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristown  borough 

Reading 

Shenandoah  borough 

Wilkes-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 


Rhode  Island 

Newport 

Pawfucket 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 


South  Carolina 


Charleston . 
Columbia . . 


Tennesseo 


Chattanooga. 
Knoxviile 


Texas 


Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth.. 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio. 
Waco 


Utah 


Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City. 


Virginia 


Lynchburg. . 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth. 
Roanoke 


Washingrton 


Taooma. 


West  Virginia 


Huntington. 
Wheeling 


Green  Bay. 
La  Crosse . . 

Madison 

Oshkosh . . . 
Racine 


Superior 


17,402 
13,040 
9,765 
8,392 
7,523 
6,581 
12.142 
20,243 
6,988 


6,640 
15,425 


14,075 
14,438 
10,440 

7,289 
18,492 
15,973 

8,332 
15,594 
12,507 
13,012 

9,563 

6,746 
25,751 

8,022 
20,337 

8,526 
12,260 


7,885 
14.501 

8,027 
12,005 


17,022 
7,272 


11,790 
10,725 


8,872 
24,699 
11,195 
19,713 

9,663 
21,125 
28,655 

8,231 


7,735 
25,852 


8,801 
17,717 

9,371 
10,517 


20,360 


9,418 
11,018 


7,680 
9,078 
6,578 
9,716 

10, 473 
8,175 

10,992 


Attending 
schooL 


Number. 


10,189 
7,477 
5,814 
5,317 
4,857 
4,037 
7,479 

11,091 
4,156 


3,908 
9,392 


7,938 
9,085 
5,822 
4,261 

10,576 

10, 437 
5,321 
8,526 
7,531 
8,158 
5,954 
3,751 

14,407 
4,675 

12,568 
5,446 
7,363 


5,882 
8,993 
4,689 
6,685 


8,654 
3,869 


6,833 
5,747 


5,688 
13,440 

5,901 
10,433 

5,561 
10,941 
15,350 

4,782 


5,422 
17,173 


4,680 

10,040 

4,792 

6,129 


13,262 


5,659 
6,139 


5,120 
5,927 
4,604 
6,310 
6,458 
4,911 
7,721 


Per 

cent. 


58.6 
57.3 
59.5 
63.4 
64.6 
61.3 
61.6 
54.8 
59.5 


58.9 
60.9 


56.4 
62.9 
55.8 
58.5 
57.2 
65.3 
63.9 
54.7 
60.2 
62.7 
62.3 
65.6 
55.9 
58.3 
61.8 
63.9 
60.1 


74.6 
62.0 
58.4 
55.7 


50.8 
53.2 


58.0 
53.6 


64.1 
54.4 
52.7 
52.9 
57.5 
51.8 
53.6 
58.1 


70.1 
66.4 


53.2 
56.7 
51.1 
58.3 


65.1 


60.1 
55.7 


66.7 
65.3 
70.0 
64.9 
61.7 
60.1 
70.2 


Native  parentage. 


Total 
number. 


10,341 
8,630 
7,369 
6,868 
2,563 
5,524 
8,801 
7,248 
5,806 


3,882 
12,030 


10,589 

11,106 
5,592 
5,589 
8,661 

12,890 
3,291 
8,712 

10,061 
4,905 
6,178 
4,408 

20,686 
1,892 
8,409 
6,671 

11,019 


3,167 
3,840 
2,049 
1,852 


3,654 


6,226 
8,127 


4,895 
16,782 

3,998 
14,066 

4,175 
10,735 
14,389 

5,370 


4,054 
11,961 


5,592 
9,400 
5,251 
7,505 


9,004 


8,520 
7,309 


3,785 
3,904 
3,709 
3,490 
3,025 
2,531 
2,872 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


6,333 
5.335 
4,504 
4,373 
1,826 
3,459 
5,585 
4,494 
3,475 


2,361 
7,511 


6,311 
7,124 
3,285 
3,394 
5,386 
8,559 
2,270 
5,282 
6,090 
3,331 
3,490 
2,595 
11,900 
1,223 
5,758 
4,322 
6,651 


2,442 
2,715 
1,399 
1,268 


3,775 
2,214 


3,927 
4,522 


3,326 
9,411 
2,572 
7,795 
2,576 
5,830 
8,448 
3,296 


2,982 
8,5« 


3,150 
5,854 
2,853 
4,575 


6,202 


5,124 
4,289 


2,781 
2,839 
2,791 
2,629 
2,091 
1,764 
2.155 


Per 
cent. 


61.2 
6L8 
61.1 
63.7 
71.2 
62.6 
63.5 
62.0 
59.9 


60.8 
62.4 


59.6 
64.1 
58.7 
60.7 
62.2 
66.4 
60.0 
60.6 
60.6 
67.9 
67.4 
58.9 
57.6 
64.6 
68.5 
64.8 
60.4 


77.1 
70.7 
68.3 
68.5 


60.0 
60.6 


63.1 
55.6 


67.9 
56.1 
64.3 
55.4 
61.7 
54.3 
58.7 
61.4 


73.6 
71.5 


56.3 
62.3 
54.3 
61.0 


68.9 


60.1 
58.7 


73.5 
72.7 
75.2 
75.3 
69.1 
69.7 
75.0 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total 
number. 


5,382 
3,334 
2,068 
1,137 
3,316 

785 
1,946 
9,516 

714 


254 
1,463 


2,239 
2,661 
2,931 
1,147 
8,258 
1,392 
4,379 
4,540 
1,997 
6,250 
2,955 
1,556 
3,702 
4,795 
9,941 
1,433 
786 


3,898 
8,324 
4,395 
6,824 


1,240 
145 


670 
430 


1,421 
2,916 
2,892 
1,732 
3,046 
3,363 
8,236 


3,160 
11,899 


248 
1,493 


9,135 


252 
3,047 


3,707 
4,917 
2,508 
5,646 
6,168 
4,588 
6,776 


Attending 
schooL 


Num- 
ber. 


3,198 
1,829 
1,137 

726 
2,315 

484 
1,091 
5,460 

437 


157 
911 


1,358 
1,612 
1,666 

686 
4,661 

985 
2,781 
2,604 
1,211 
4,081 
2,009 

827 
2,026 
3,135 
6,087 

874 

499 


3,011 
5,350 
2,792 
4,172 


725 
91 


278 


870 
1.664 
1,581 

969 
1,784 
1,742 
4,339 

529 


2,183 
7,727 


177 

1,029 

415 

222 


6,013 


155 
1,637 


2,250 
2,971 
1,630 
3,423 
3,844 
2,690 
4,942 


Per 
cent. 


59.4 
54.9 
55.0 
63.9 
69.8 
61.7 
56.1 
57.4 
61.2 


61.8 
62.3 


60.7 
60.6 
56.5 
59.8 
56.4 
70.8 
63.5 
57.4 
60.6 
65.3 
68.0 
53.1 
64.7 
65.4 
61.2 
61.0 
63.5 


77.2 
64.3 
63.5 
61.1 


58.5 
62.8 


71.9 
64.7 


61.2 
57.1 
54.7 
55.9 
58.6 
51.8 
52.7 
59.3 


69.1 
64.9 


71.4 
68.9 
51.4 
59.4 


65. 


61.5 
53.7 


60.7 
60.4 
65.0 
60.6 
62.3 
58.6 
72.9 


FOKEIGN-BOEN  WHITE. 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


1,514 

1,007 
181 
129 

1,538 
187 
136 

3,077 
103 


26 
222 


1,218 

560 

736 

472 

1,500 

630 

659 

2,260 

240 

1,623 

1,302 

518 

1,173 

1,332 

1,827 

147 

151 


462 
2,265 
1,536 
3,324 


158 
68 


160 
69 


162 
449 

3,954 
446 
499 
578 

2,915 
127 


464 
1,831 


40 
479 
137 

86 


1,974 


42 
459 


152 

235 

321 

550 

1,251 

1,055 

1,282 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


563 

275 
78 
54 

666 
46 
41 

943 
35 


257 
276 
211 
145 
488 
269 
268 
602 
116 
597 
388 
182 
371 
316 
605 
64 
53 


188 

879 

472 

1,244 


45 
180 
1,570 
100 
184 
181 
1,098 
56 


233 
813 


17 
230 
50 
32 


901 


15 
110 


65 
100 
157 
241 
505 
456 
589 


Per 
cent. 


37.2 
27.3 
43.1 
41.9 
43.3 
24.6 
30.1 
30.6 
34.0 


23.9 


21.1 
49.3 
28.7 
30.7 
32.5 
42.7 
40.7 
26.6 
48.3 
36.8 
29.8 
35.1 
31.6 
23.7 
33.1 
43.5 
35.1 


40.7 
38.8 
30.7 
37.4 


58.1 


27.8 
40.1 
39.7 
22.4 
36.9 
31.3 
37.7 
44.1 


50.2 
44.4 


48.0 
36.5 


24.0 


42.8 
42.6 
48.9 
43.8 
40.4 
43.2 
45.9 


Total 
num- 
ber. 


165 
68 
145 
258 
106 
85 
1,258 
400 
361 


2,370 
1,682 


28 

111 

1,180 

80 

73 

1,061 

3 

80 

209 

232 

127 

263 

189 

3 

160 

275 

304 


364 
68 
46 
5 


9,336 
3,405 


4,734 
2,099 


2,389 
4,546 
332 
3,467 
1,939 
6,442 
3,096 
1,834 


27 
106 


2,920 
6,341 
3,175 
2,552 


133 


603 
203 


Attending 
school. 


Num- 
ber. 


95 
38 
94 
164 
50 
48 
761 
194 
209 


1,309 
90Z 


12 

73 

670 

35 

41 

624 

2 

38 

114 

149 

67 

147 

110 

1 

118 

186 

160 


238 

47 

25 

1 


4,104 
1,531 


2,331 
908 


1,446 
2,184 
177 
1,568 
1,016 
3,186 
1,458 


1,336 
2,925 
1,474 
1,300 


76 


365 
103 


236 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


COMPARATIVE  STTMMAIIY:    1910  AND  1900. 

In  comparing  the  results  of  the  census  of  1910  with 
those  of  the  preceding  census,  two  considerations  must 
be  borne  in  mind.  In  the  first  place  the  principal  tabu- 
lations of  the  census  of  1900  relate  to  persons  from  5  to 
20  years  of  age,  while  those  of  1910  relate  to  persons 
from  6  to  20  years  of  age.  This  renders  it  impossible 
to  carry  the  comparison  between  the  two  censuses  into 
all^the  various  details  which  have  been  exhibited  in 
connection  with  the  figures  for  1910.  In  order,  how- 
ever, to  permit  a  general  comparison  of  the  statistics 
of  the  two  censuses,  certain  special  tabulations  have 
been  made  for  1910  witli  the  same  age  groups  as  in 
1900. 

A  further  distinction  between  the  census  of  1910  and 
that  of  1900  lies  in  the  form  in  which  the  question  was 
asked.  In  1910  the  question  was  whether  the  person 
enumerated  had  attended  school  at  any  time  between 
September  1,  1909,  and  the  date  of  enumeration,  April 
15,  1910.  In  1900  the  question  was  asked  as  to  how 
many  months  the  person  enumerated  had  attended 
school  during  the  year  prior  to  the  date  of  enumeration, 
June  1,  1900.  The  whole  number  of  persons  for  whom 
the  length  of  school  attendance  was  reported  was 
taken  to  be  the  aggregate  number  attending  school. 
It  is  possible  that  the  greater  complexity  of  the  ques- 
tion led  to  less  complete  returns  at  the  earlier  census, 
in  which  case  the  increased  proportion  of  persons  re- 
ported as  attending  school  for  1910,  as  compared  with 
1900,  would  be  due  in  part  to  greater  accuracy  in 
the  returns. 

United  States  as  a  whole. — ^Table  19  gives  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  comparative  figures  for  1910 
and  1900  for  each  of  the  main  population  groups,  with 
distinction  of  sex. 

In  every  group  of  the  population  given  in  the  table 
without  exception  the  proportion  reported  as  attend- 
ing school  was  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900.     Of  the 


total  population  from  5  to  20  years  of  age,  59.2  per 
cent  were  reported  at  the  later  census  as  attending- 
school,  as  against  50.5  per  cent  at  the  earlier  census. 
Among  the  three  subordinate  age  groups  which  appear 
in  Table  19  the  group  5  to  9  years  shows  the  great- 
est difference  between  the  proportions  reported  at 
the  two  censuses,  and  the  group  15  to  20  years  shows, 
the  smallest  difference.  Among  the  important  racial 
classes  the  negroes  show  the  largest  gain  during  the 
decade  in  the  proportion  attending  school.  The  per- 
centages for  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  also  were  much, 
higher  in  1910  than  in  1900,  but  of  course  these  races 
have  very  few  representatives  between  the  ages  of  5 
and  20  years. 

Divisions  and  states. — Comparative  figures  for  school 
attendance  as  reported  at  the  censuses  of  1910  and 
1900  for  the  total  population  from  5  to  20  years  of  age^ 
with  percentages  for  the  minor  age  groups,  are  given^. 
by  divisions  and  states,  in  Table  20,  page  238. 

In  every  division  and  state  and  for  each  of  the  age 
groups,  except  for  the  age  group  15  to  20  years  in, 
Nevada,  the  percentage  of  children  reported  as  attend- 
ing school  was  greater  in  1 9 1 0  than  in  1 900.  Moreover^ 
in  nearly  every  case  the  greatest  gain  appears  to  be  irt 
the  proportion  for  the  age  group  5  to  9  years.  The 
gains  in  the  percentages  shown  for  the  total  population 
from  5  to  20  years  of  age,  and  especially  for  the  age 
group  from  5  to  9  years,  are  particularly  noticeable  in 
the  three  southern  divisions,  and  point  at  the  same  time 
to  increased  school  accommodations  and  to  a  growing; 
habit  of  sending  children  to  school  at  an  earlier  age.  It 
may  be  noted  specifically  that  in  West  Virginia  and  the 
District  of  Columbia  alone  in  the  southern  divisions, 
was  the  proportion  of  the  population  from  5  to  20 
years  of  age  reported  as  attending  school  in  1900  as 
much  as  one-half.  In  1910,  on  the  other  hand,  there 
were  only  five  southern  states  in  which  the  proportion 
was  less  than  one-haLf. 


SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE. 


237 


COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS  OF  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


^able  19 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total 

Mala 

Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

•Chinese 

Japanese 

All  other 

Native  white 

Male 

Female 

Native  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Female 

Foreign-bom  white 

Male 

Female 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OP 

PERSONS  ATTENDING 

SCHOOL. 


IMO 


IMO 


18,009,891  13,367,147 
9,037,655!  6,668,823 
8, 972.2361    6,698,324 


16,279,292 
8,220,847 
8,068,445 
1,670,650 
783,869 
886,781 

53,458 
3,88 
2,512 
92 

15,627,786 
7,882,607 
7,745,179 

11.110,583 
5,611,901 
5, 498, 682 
4,517,203 
2,270,706 
2,246,497 

651,506 
338,240 
313,266 


12,231,004 
6,137,874 
6,093,130 
1,096,734 
509,984 
686,750 

37,537 

1,349 

523 


11,849,815 
5,943,300 
5,906,515 
8, 244, 687 
4.141.997 
4,102.600 
3,605,128 
1,801,309 
1,808,825 

381,189 
194,574 
186,615 


PERSONS  5  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE 


PERSONS  5  TO  9  YEARS  OF  AGE. 


58.2 
58.4 
57.9 


Table  19— Continued. 


CIASS  or  POPVLATION. 


Total 

Male  .. 
Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

Chinese 

Japanese 

All  other 

Native  white... 
Male... 
Female . 
Native 
Mafe 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Female 

foreign-bom  wliite 

Male 

Female 


PERSONS  10  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AOE. 


1910 


Total 
number. 


9,107,140 
4,601,753 
4,505,387 


7,918,408 
4,006,104 
3.912,304 
1,155,266 
578,074 
577,192 

31,393 
1,575 

477 
21 

7,560,078 
3,824,801 
3,735,277 
5,324,283 
2, 700, 656 
2, 623, 627 
2,235,795 
1,124,145 
1,111,650 

358,330 
181,303 
177,027 


Attending  schooL 


Number. 


8,028,662 
4, 036, 105 
3, 992, 557 


7,212,607 

3,643,988 

3,568,619 

791,995 

379,486 

412,509 

22,446 

1,221 

375 

18 

6,904,115 
3,486,397 
3,417,718 
4,827,471 
2,439,554 
2,387,917 
2,076,644 
1,046,843 
1,029,801 

308,492 
157,591 
150,901 


Per 
cent. 


88.2 
87.7 
88.6 


91.1 
91.0 
91.2 
68.6 
65.6 
71.5 

71.5 
77.5 
78.6 


91.3 
91.2 
91.5 
90.7 
90.3 
91.0 
92.9 
93.1 
92.6 

86.1 
86.9 
85.2 


1900 


Total 
number. 


8,080,234 
4, 083, 041 
3, 997, 193 


6,959,238 
3,519,303 
3,439,935 
1,091,990 
548,642 
543,348 

27,979 
846 
182 


6,647,673 
3,361,671 
3,286,002 
4,660,390 
2,364,797 
2,295,593 
1,987,283 
996,874 
990,409 

311,565 
157,632 
153,933 


Attending  schooL 


Number. 


6,451,394 
3, 215, 585 
3,235,809 


5,846,411 

2,928,743 

2,917,668 

587,560 

277,832 

309,728 

16,885 
479 
59 


5,618,931 
2,813,012 
2,805,919 
3,904,900 
1,956,336 
1,948,564 
1, 714, 031 
856, 676 
857,355 

227,480 
115, 731 
111,749 


Per 

cent. 


79.8 
78.8 
81.0 


PERSONS  15  TO  20  YEARS  OF  AGE. 


1910 


Attending  school. 


Total 
number. 


84.0 
83.2 
84.8 
53.8 
50.6 
57.0 

60.3 
56.7 
32.4 


84.5 
83.7 
85.4 
83.8 
82.7 
84.9 
86.2 
85.9 


73.0 
73.4 
72.6 


10.918,225 
5, 426, 654 
5, 491, 571 


9,598,712 
4,800,611 
4, 798, 101 
1,276,041 
600,439 
675,602 

34,229 

4,447 

4,474 

322 

8,666,438 
4,307,535 
4,358,903 
6,060,783 
3,021,364 
3,039,419 
2,605,655 
1,286,171 
1,319,484 

932,274 
493,076 
439,198 


Number. 


3,593,222 
1, 769, 161 
1, 824, 061 


3,237,762 

1,616,187 

1,621,575 

338,750 

143,165 

195,585 

14,613 

1,438 

626 

33 

3,135,123 

1,561,056 

1,574,067 

2,395,763 

1,197,139 

1,198,624 

739,360 

363,917 

375,443 

102,639 
55,131 
47,508 


Per 
cent. 


32.9 
32.6 
33.2 


33.7 
33.7 
33.8 
26.5 
23.8 
28.9 

42.7 
32.3 
14.0 
10.2 

36.2 
36.2 
36.1 
39.5 
39.6 
39.4 
28.4 
28.3 
28.5 

11.0 
11.2 
10.8 


1900 


Attending  school. 


Total 
number. 


9,087,583 
4, 486, 100 
4, 601, 483 


7,844,383 
3,889,931 
3,954,452 
1,204,439 
572, 706 
631,733 

'  29,716 
3,058 
5,987 


7,110,107 
3,536,842 
3,573,265 
5,042,105 
2,518,315 
2,523,790 
2,068,002 
1,018,527 
1,049,475 

734,276 
353,089 
381,187 


Number. 


2,443,204 
1,174,520 
1,268,684 


2,222,008 
1,082,910 
1,139,098 

211,172 
86,066 

125,106 

9,507 
319 
198 


2,164,105 

1,053,760 

1,110,345 

1,691,905 

829,399 

862,506 

472,200 

224,361 

247, 839 

57,903 
29,150 
28,753 


Per 

cent. 


26.9 
26.2 
27.6 


28.3 
27.8 
28.8 
17.5 
15.0 
19.8 

32.0 
10.4 
3.3 


30.4 
29.8 
31.1 
33.6 
32.9 
34.2 
22.8 
22.0 
23.6 

7.9 
8.3 
7.5 


238  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPUJ.ATION. 

COMPARATIVE  STATISTICS  OF  SCHOOL  ATTENDANCE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  ZO 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Geogeaphic  Divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  S  outh  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Coimecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma* 

Texas 

Moxwtain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada... 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


persons  5  to  20  YEARS  OF  AGE. 


Total  number. 


1910 


29,785,997 


1,848,762 
5,737,064 
5,604,728 
3,827,601 
4,459,130 
3, 116, 180 
3,299,750 
799,419 
1,093,363 


209,063 
118,951 
101,396 
941,376 
158,287 
319, 689 

2,620,393 

758,864 

2,357,807 

1,405,040 
832,260 

1,729,929 
854, 710 
782, 789 

693, 788 
721,392 
1,063,618 
198,361 
198,023 
400,452 
551,967 

61,948 
415,905 

84,  491 
750,782 
428,683 
847,886 
607,937 
998, 715 
262, 783 

812, 192 
795,122 
811,307 
697,559 

595,930 

622,046 

611, 791 

1,469,983 

100,972 
104,469 

38,593 
231,389 
114,227 

61,634 
130,809 

17,326 

314,213 
187,043 
692, 107 


1900 


26,041,940 


1,567,519 
4,740,858 
5,293,105 
3,660,016 
3,999,118 
2,944,696 
2,590,057 
635,358 
711,213 


199, 153 
110, 895 
98,614 
777, 110 
124,646 
257, 101 

2,136,764 

572, 923 

2,031,171 

1,338,345 
843,885 

1,589,915 
790,275 
730,685 

612,990 
767,870 
1,105,258 
112, 789 
147, 165 
386,384 
527,560 

59,635 
403,026 

77,291 
704, 771 
350,471 
753,826 
560,773 
885,725 
197,600 

798,027 
780,421 
733,222 
633,026 

529,375 

538,267 

306, 781 

1,215,634 

65,871 
64,964 
27,500 

160,531 
69, 712 
38,868 

106,513 
11,399 

158,245 
132,887 
420,081 


Number  attending 
school 


1910 


17,646,877 


1,193,359 
3,456,647 
3,502,178 
2,475,434 
2,377,044 
1,701,020 
1,765,344 
494,287 
681,564 


137,671 
76,058 
69,348 

614, 105 
93,674 

202,503 

1,611,496 

459, 147 

1,386,004 

881,138 
618,312 
1,041,227 
558, 126 
503,375 

452,077 
487, 453 
653,509 
119,006 
124,217 
269,593 
369,579 

35,703 
230, 123 

52, 124 
395,987 
263,150 
486,528 
295,288 
487,408 
130,733 

465,705 
443,411 
389,969 
401,936 

327,911 
252,764 
388,319 
796,350 

61,468 
67,291 
23,270 
149, 779 
65,808 
30, 761 
85,602 
10,308 

196,781 
118,005 
366, 778 


1900 


13,160,900 


901,924 
2,528,223 
3,007,220 
2,154,345 
1,616,355 
1,209,673 
1,019,020 
296,627 
427,513 


117,016 
61,022 
58,879 

454,419 
64,691 

145, 897 

1, 152, 712 

305,750 

1,069,761 

779,999 
485,821 
866,281 
456, 148 
418,971 

352,053 

483,969 
597,367 
58, 138 
88,514 
243,907 
330,397 

28,466 
183,399 

39,027 
297,304 
184,294 
313,063 
174,681 
310,214 

85,907 

381,434 
336,072 
236,922 
265,245 

227,374 
152, 192 
129,015 
610,439 

38, 177 
32,711 
14,740 
95,075 
28,336 
17, 136 
64,017 
6,435 

99,318 
82,237 
245,958 


persons  under 

5  and  over  20 

tears  of  age 

attending 

SCHOOL. 


1910 


363,014 


28,869 
74, 726 
73,825 
55,157 
41,400 
29,171 
29,756 
10,904 
19,206 


3,160 
1,492 
1,183 
16,014 
2,568 
4,452 

39, 367 
10,125 
25,234 

16,950 
11,430 
23, 119 
10,800 
11,526 

10,790 
11,819 
12,463 
2,643 
2,686 
6,236 
8,520 

627 
4,505 
2,564 
5,709 
4,261 
8,668 
5,071 
7,373 
2,622 

7,776 
7,779 
6,876 
6,740 

5,884 
4,263 
5,882 
13,727 

1,287 
1,312 

475 
3,633 

909 

586 
2,454 

249 

4,914 
3,404 
10,888 


1900 


206,247 


25,237 
38,894 
47, 028 
32,852 
21, 623 
15, 966 
10,965 
4,460 
8,622 


2,960 
1,271 
1,203 
13,913 
1,353 
4,537 

20,261 
3,488 
15,146 

10,723 
6,130 
13,544 

8,578 
8,653 

6,756 
8,709 
6,744 
710 
1,307 
4,669 
4,957 

287 
2,451 

877 
4,026 
2,116 
4,626 
2,847 
3,374 
1,019 

3,860 
4,845 
3,511 
3,750 

2,806 
1,527 
1,527 
5,106 

433 
376 
177 
1,663 
336 
369 
908 
218 

1,413 
1,274 
5,935 


PER  CENT  OF  POPULATION  ATTENDING  SCHOOL. 


6  to  20  years 
of  age. 


1910 


64.5 
60.3 
62.5 
64.7 
53.3 
64.6 
63.5 
61.8 
62.3 


65.9 
63.9 
68.4 
65.2 
59.2 
63.3 

61.5 
60.6 
58.8 

62.7 
62.3 
60.2 
66.3 
64.3 

65.2 
67.6 
61.4 
60.0 
62.7 
67.3 
67.0 

67.6 
55.3 
61.7 
52.7 
61.4 
67.4 
48.6 
48.8 
49.7 

57.3 
65.8 
48.1 
57.6 

65.0 
40.6 
63.5 
54.2 

60.9 
64.4 
60.3 
64.7 
67.6 
49.9 
66.4 
69.5 

62.6 
63.1 
61.9 


1900 


60.5 


57.5 
53.3 
66.8 
58.9 
40.4 
41.1 
39.3 
56.4 
60.1 


68.8 
65.0 
69.7 
58.5 
61.9 
66.7 

63.9 
53.4 
52.7 

58.3 
57.6 
54.6 
57.7 
67.3 

67.4 
63.0 
64.0 
51-.  6 
60.1 
63.1 
62.6 

47.7 
45.6 
50.6 
42.2 
51.7 
41.5 
31.2 
35.0 
43.5 

47.8 
43.1 
32.3 
40.3 

43.0 
28.3 
42.1 
42.0 

58.0 
59.5 
53.6 
59.2 
40.6 
44.1 
60.1 
66.6 

62.8 
61.9 
58.6 


5  to  9  years 
of  age. 


1910 


61.7 


79.5 
70.4 
70.1 
67.7 
49.9 
50.0 
46.5 
59.3 
63.4 


76.0 
76.8 
77.9 
81.2 
74.4 
80.9 

73.2 
74.8 
66.0 

69.7 
66.8 
67.8 
73.9 
75.4 

67.9 
76.9 
63.4 
57.6 
60.3 
73.6 
66.6 

60.3 
60.8 
67.4 
44.2 
59.5 
50.9 
42.9 
47.8 
47.6 

54.1 
60.0 
40.2 
66.9 

50.6 
38.1 
68.0 
43.6 

61.0 
56.4 
62.4 
65.6 
53.3 
45.9 
60.6 
62.8 

61.3 
61.2 
65.3 


1900 


66.6 
59.3 
58.3 
57.0 
32.6 
31.3 
25.4 
49.2 
58.7 


61.9 
62.6 
64.5 
68.5 
64.5 
67.2 

60.8 
62.6 
66.9 

69.0 
65.3 
66.9 
60.4 
61.3 

66.9 
67.2 
60.3 
43.2 
61.6 
61.4 
57.8 

45.9 
46.1 
44.9 
33.1 
41.7 
30.2 
22.6 
29.3 
34.4 

38.2 
33.1 
20.4 
33.5 

32.0 
21.4 
31.6 
22.6 

66.5 
60.3 
61.3 
55.0 
31.7 
40.1 
60.6 
52.4 

60.9 
67.9 
58.1 


10  to  14  years 
of  age. 


1910 


94.1 
92.9 
93.8 
93.6 
78.7 
79.0 
80.5 
90.2 
94.1 


92.4 
94.5 
96.6 
94.5 
91.6 
94.3 

94.4 
91.8 
91.6 

94.3 
93.6 
92.7 
95.6 
93.9 

96.6 
94.0 
91.6 
90.0 
92.0 
94.9 
95.2 

88.4 
85.7 
93.2 
80.6 
90.9 
79.8 
71.9 
72.2 
73.8 

84.4 
81.7 
71.7 
78.2 

77.8 
62.5 
91.2 

84.8 

90.3 
93.2 
91.4 
93.4 
81.7 
77.6 
95.0 
90.0 

94.5 
94.2 
93.8 


1900 


90.0 
85.7 
88.1 
88.3 
65.6 
66.8 
68.3 
85.2 
91.8 


89.5 
87.5 
92.1 
91.2 
84.0 
89.9 

88.1 
84.2 
83.7 

91.4 
90.6 
83.2 
89.8 
88.4 

89.5 
91.0 
83.4 
84.3 
90.6 
91.8 
91.1 

78.8 
76.6 
87.6 
68.5 
82.1 
63.3 
62.1 
68.2 
71.1 

76.8 
68.4 
54.6 
61.5 

66.3 
50.6 
66.9 
77.6 

89.9 
90.6 
86.7 
89.0 
65.6 
68.9 
92.2 
85.7 

93.0 
92.7 
91.1 


15  to  20  years 
of  age. 


1910 


29.0 
26.2 
30.9 
38.3 
33.6 
37.2 
36.4 
40.5 
38.2 


35.2 
29.3 
36.2 
29.2 
23.2 
24.9 

27.3 
23.7 
26.6 

32.2 
32.8 
28.3 
33.7 
29.6 

37.7 
38.0 
35.4 
36.5 
40.3 
39.8 
44.2 

30.1 
24.8 
35.0 
35.6 
37.4 
43.2 
32.6 
27.9 
30.8 

36.6 
38.9 
34.4 
39.0 

39.8 
23.0 
44.4 
37.2 

37.2 
47.2 
35.6 
40.7 
40.7 
30.8 
44.1 
34.3 

39.5 
41.2 
36.6 


I  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


ILLITERACY. 


239 


IIIITEEACY. 


TTNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 


The  population  schedule  for  the  census  of  1910  con- 
tained two  inquiries  relating  to  illiteracy,  namely,  as 
to  whether  the  person  enumerated  was  able  to  read 
and  as  to  whether  he  or  she  was  able  to  write.  An- 
swers to  these  questions  were  required  only  in  the 
case  of  persons  10  years  of  age  and  over.  The  sta- 
tistics, unless  otherwise  more  particularly  limited, 
relate  to  this  class  of  the  population.  The  Bureau  of 
the  Census  classifies  as  illiterate  any  person  10  years 
of  age  or  over  who  is  unable  to  write,  regardless  of 
ability  to  read.  A  considerable  number  of  persons 
were  reported  as  able  to  read,  though  not  able  to 
write,  but  the  statistics  in  regard  to  this  class  have 
not  seemed  of  sufficient  significance  to  call  for  a  sepa- 
rate presentation  in  a  summary  of  illiteracy  statistics. 

Number  of  illiterates. — The  whole  number  of  persons 
10  years  of  age  and  over  enumerated  at  the  census  of 
1910  who  were  reported  as  unable  to  write  was  5,516, 163. 
The  distribution  of  this  number  by  color  or  race,  nativ- 
ity, and  parentage,  together  with  corresponding  figures 
for  the  three  previous  censuses,  is  given  in  Table  21. 


Table  21 

nXTTKRATK  POPULATION  10  TXARS  OF  AQB  AND  OVER. 

CLAiSS  or  POPULATION. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1    Per 
Number,    cent  of 
I  total. 

1880 

Total 

5,616,16S  1  100.0 

e,  ISO,  069 

16,324,703 

6,289,958 

White 

3,184,633 
1,534,272 
1,378,884 
155,388 
1,650,361 

2,227,731 

85,445 

10,891 

6,213 

1,250 

57.7 
27.8 
25.0 
2.8 
29.9 

40.4 
1.5 
0.2 
0.1 

(») 

3,200,746 
1,913,611 
1,734,764 
178,847 
1,287,135 

2,853,194 

96,347 

25,396 

4,386 

3,212,574 
2,065,003 
1,890,723 
174,280 
1,147,571 

3,042,668 

09,460 

3,019,080 

Native 

2,255,460 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  par. 

763,620 

Negro 

Indian 

Chinese    

Japanese 

»  Exclusive  of  illiterate  persons  in  Indian  Territory  and  on  Indian  reservations, 
areas  spccL'illy  enumerated  in  1890,  but  for  which  illiteracy  statistics  are  not 
available.  '  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  whites,  who  in  1910  constituted  89.3  per  cent 
of  the  total  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  con- 
tributed 57.7  per  cent  of  the  illiterates,  while  the 
negroes,  constituting  10.2  per  cent  of  the  total  popu- 
lation 10  years  of  age  and  over,  contributed  40.4  per 
cent  of  the  illiterates.  Among  the  remaining  classes — 
the  Indians,  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  all  others — the 
total  number  of  illiterates  was  103,799,  or  1.9  per  cent 
of  all  illiterates  reported. 

The  number  of  illiterates  reported  in  1910  was  con- 
siderably less  than  the  number  reported  at  any  of  the 
three  preceding  censuses  covered  by  Table  21.  Despite 
the  fact  of  continuous  growth  in  the  population  of  the 
country,  there  was  comparatively  little  difference  in 
the  number  of  illiterates  reported  at  the  censuses  of 
1880,  1890,  and  1900,  the  largest  number  being  re- 
ported in  1890.  From  1890  to  1910  the  number  of 
illiterate  whites  gradually  decreased,  while  the  number 


of  illiterate  native  whites  has  shown  a  decrease  at 
each  succeeding  census  since  1880,  the  decrease 
being  most  marked  between  1900  and  1910.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  number  of  illiterate  foreign- 
born  whites  steadily  increased^  rising  from  763,620  in 
1880  to  1,650,361  in  1910.  The  number  of  illiterates 
among  the  negroes  was  decidedly  smaller  in  1910  than 
in  1890,  the  first  census  year  at  which  ilHterate  negroes 
were  clearly  distinguished  from  all  other  classes  of  the 
population. 

Percentage  of  illiteracy. — The  significance  of  the 
figures  relating  to  illiteracy  can  best  be  seen  by  a  com- 
parison of  the  number  of  illiterates  with  the  corre- 
sponding total  population.  Table  22  shows  the  total 
population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  and  the  number 
and  percentage  illiterate,  by  color  or  race,  nativity^ 
and  parentage. 


Table  22 

POPULATION  10  YEARS  OP  AGE  AND  OVER: 
1910 

CLASS  OP  POPULATION. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

Total  

71,680,270 

6,516,163 

7.7 

White 

63,933,870 
50,989,341 
37,081,278 
13  908  063 
12,944,529 

7,317,922 

188,758 

68,924 

67,661 

3,135 

3,184,633 

1,534,272 

•    1,378  884 

155,388 

1,650,361 

2,227,731 

85,445 

10,891 

6,213 

1,250 

5.0 

Native 

3.0 

3.7 

Forei^  or  mixed  parental 

1.1 

12.7 

Negro 

30.4 

45.3 

15.8 

9.2 

All  other 

39.9 

Of  the  entire  population  10  years  of  age  and  over 
in  1910,  7.7  per  cent  were  illiterate.  Of  the  whites 
5  per  cent  were  illiterate  and  of  the  negroes  30.4  per 
cent.  Among  the  foreign-born  whites  12.7  per  cent 
were  illiterate  as  compared  with  3  per  cent  among  the 
native  whites.  The  lowest  percentage  of  illiteracy, 
1.1,  was  among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage,  while  among  the  native  whites  of  native 
parentage  the  percentage  was  3.7. 

The  changes  in  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  in  the 
United  States  since  1880  are  shown  for  the  several 
classes  of  the  population  in  Table  23. 


Table  23 

CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 

PERCENTAGE     OF     ILLITERATES     IN 
POPtJLATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AN1> 
OVER. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

Total    

7.7 

10.7 

13.3 

17.0 

White                                

5.0 
3.0 
3.7 
1.1 
12.7 

30.4 
46.3 
15.8 
9.2 
39.9 

6.2 
4.6 
5.7 
1.6 
12.9 

44.5 
56.2 
29.0 
18.2 

7.7 
6.2 
7.5 
2  2 
13.1 

57.1 

i      45.2 

9.4 

8.7 

12.0 

) 

Indian                               

1      70.0 

I 

240 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


The  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  the  population  as  a 
whole  declined  from  17  in  1880  to  7.7  in  1910.  With 
the  exception  of  the  foreign-bom  whites,  each  class  of 
the  population  shared  in  this  decline,  which  was 
gradual  and  uninterrupted  from  census  to  census.  In 
the  native  white  group  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  in 
1910  was  less  than  one-half  as  high  as  in  1880,  and 
the  same  is  evidently  true  of  the  negroes,  who  con- 
stituted much  the  larger  part  of  the  total  non- 
white  population  for  which  the  percentage  is  shown 
for  1880.  The  percentage  of  illiteracy  among  the 
foreign-born  whites  increased  somewhat  between  1880 
and  1890,  but  decreased  slightly  during  the  following 
decades. 

Illiteracy  by  sex. — ^Table  24  gives  for  1910  a  state- 
ment of  illiteracy  by  sex  and  by  color  or  race,  nativ- 
ity, and  parentage. 


Table  24 

POPULATION  10  YEAES  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910 

Male. 

Female. 

CLASS  OP  POPULATION. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Total 

37,027,558 

2,814,950 

7.6 

34,552,712 

2,701,213 

7.8 

White 

33,164,229 
25,843,033 
18,933,751 

6,909,282 
7,321,196 

3,637,386 
96.582 
65,479 
60,809 
3,073 

1,662,505 
796,055 
715,926 

80,129 
866,450 

1,096,000 

40,104 

9,849 

5,247 

1,245 

5.0 
3.1 
3.8 

1.2 
11.8 

30.1 
4l.5 
15.0 

8.6 
40.5 

30,769,641 
25,146,308 
18,147,527 

6,998,781 
5,623,333 

3,680,536 

92.176 

3,445 

6,852 

62 

1,522,128 
738,217 
662,958 

75,259 
783,911 

1,131,731 

45,341 

1,042 

966 

5 

4.9 

Native- 

2.9 

Native  parentage 
Foreign  or  mixed 

parentage 

Foreign  bom 

Ne*;ro 

3.7 

1.1 
13.9 

30.7 

Iii£an 

49.2 

30.2 

Japanese 

14.1 

Another 

(') 

1  Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100. 

In  the  total  population  10  years  of  age  and  over  the 
percentage  of  illiteracy  for  females  was  slightly  higher 
than  that  for  males.  The  percentage  for  females  was 
greater  than  that  for  males  among  the  negroes, 
Indians,  Chinese,  and  Japanese,  the  difference  being 
especially  marked  in  the  case  of  the  last  three  classes 
named.  Among  the  whites  the  percentage  of  illit- 
eracy was  slightly  greater  for  males  than  for  females. 
Figures  for  the  component  elements  of  the  white 
group  show,  however,  that  among  the  native  born, 
whether  of  native  or  of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage, 
illiteracy  was  less  frequent  among  females,  whUe 
among  the  foreign  born  the  contrary  was  the  case. 

Illiteracy  by  age  periods. — Table  27  on  the  next 
page  shows  the  total  population  in  the  various  age 
groups,  with  the  number  and  percentage  illiterate, 
classified  by  sex  and  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage.  Table  25  reproduces  the  more  important 
percentages  shown  in  Table  27. 

While  for  the  entire  population  10  years  of  age  and 
over  the  percentage  of  iUiteracy  was  7.7,  it  wiU  be 
noted  that  in  the  age  group  10  to  14  years  only  4.1  per 
cent  were  ilUterate.    Each  succeeding  age  group  shows 


a  greater  proportion  of  Uliterates,  but  not  until  the 
age  group  35  to  44  years  is  reached  does  the  percentage 
of  iUiteracy  for  a  single  group  become  as  large  as  the 
average  for  aU  ages;  in  the  final  age  group,  65  years 
and  over,  however,  the  proportion  of  illiteracy  was 
almost  double  the  average  for  the  total  population  10 
years  of  age  and  over.  These  figures  reflect  in  part 
the  educational  conditions  under  which  successive  gen- 
erations have  grown  up.  A  particular  interest  attaches 
to  the  figures  for  the  younger  groups,  inasmuch  as  they 
indicate  in  some  degree  the  efficiency  of  our  present 
educational  system.  As  in  the  population  as  a  whole, 
so  in  each  of  its  main  classes  except  the  foreign-born 
whites,  the  proportion  of  iUiteracy  is  larger  in  each 
succeeding  age  group.  The  maximum  percentage  of 
UUteracy  for  the  foreign-born  whites,  15.3,  is  shown 
for  the  age  group  20  to  24  years,  but  in  each  succeed- 
ing age  group  except  the  last — 65  years  and  over — 
the  proportion  of  Uliterates  for  this  class  was  smaUer 
than  in  the  preceding  group.  The  fact  that  immigra- 
tion in  recent  years  has  been  drawn  more  largely  than 
formerly  from  countries  with  a  high  degree  of  iUiter- 
acy probably  accounts  for  this  condition. 


Table  25 

PEECENTAQE  OF  ILUTEBATE3  IN  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF 
AGE  AND  over:  1910 

All 

classes. 

White. 

AGE  PERIOD. 

Total. 

5.0 

1.8 
2.8 
4.6 
5.2 
5.4 
6.7 
9.4 

Native. 

For- 
eign 
bom. 

Total. 

Native 
parent- 
age. 

Foreign 

or 
mixed 
parent- 
age. 

N^ro. 

10  years  and  over. 

10  to  14  years 

7.7 

4.1 
4.9 
6.9 
7.3 
8.1 
10.7 
14.5 

3.0 

1.7 
1.9 
2.3 
2.4 
3.0 
5.0 
7.3 

3.7 

2.2 
2.4 
2.8 
3.0 
3.8 
6.0 
7.6 

1.1 

0.6 
0.8 
0.9 
0.9 
1.1 
1.9 
4.7 

12.7 
3.5 

12.8 
15.3 
14.4 
12.3 
11.1 
13.8 

30.4 

18  9 

15  to  19  years 

20  3 

20  to  24  years 

23.9 

25  to  34  years 

24.6 

35  to  44  years 

32.3 

45  to  64  years 

52.7 

65  years  and  over 

74.5 

Illiteracy  in  the  urban  and  the  rural  population. — The 
proportion  of  ilUteracy  is  liigher  in  the  rural  than  in 
the  urban  population.  Table  26  shows  the  percent- 
age of  iUiteracy  for  the  urban  and  the  rural  population 
in  1910,  classified  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  par- 
entage. (For  absolute  numbers  see  Table  32  on  a 
subsequent  page.) 


Tabic  26 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total 

White 

Native 

Native  parentage 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Foreign  bom 

Negro 

Indian,  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  all  other 


PERCENTAGE  OF  ILUTEBATE3 
IN  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF 
AGE  AND  over:    1910. 


Total.       Urban.      Rural. 


7.7 


5.0 
3.0 
3.7 
1.1 
12.7 

30.4 
31.6 


5.1 


4.2 
0.8 
0.9 
0.7 
12.6 

17.6 
11.0 


10.1 


5.8 
4.8 
5.4 
1.9 
13.2 

36.1 
40.0 


ILLITERACY. 


241 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  27. 


CLASS  OP  POPCLATION". 


Total  popiUatloii 

Male 

Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

Male 

Female 

Chinese 

Male 

Female 

Japanese 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Male 

Female 

Native  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Female 

Foreign-bom  white 

Male 

Female 


popul-vtion  10  teab3  of  age  and 
oveh:  1910' 


Total. 


71,580,270 
37,027,558 
34,652,712 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


5,516,163 
2,814,950 
2.701.213 


63,933,870 
33,164,229 
30,769,641 

7,317,922 
3,637,386 
3,680,536 

188,758 
96,582 
92,176 

68,924 
65,479 
3,445 

67,661 
60,809 
6,852 

50,089,341 
25,843,033 
25,146,308 
37,081,278 
18,933,751 
18,147,527 
13,906,063 
6,909,282 
6,996,781 

12,944,520 
7,321,196 
5,023,333 


3,184,633 
1,662,505 
1,522,128 

2,227,731 
1,096,000 
1,131,731 

85,445 
40,104 
45,341 

10,891 
9,849 
1,042 

6,213 

5,247 

966 

1,534,272 
796,065 
738,217 
1,378,884 
715,926 
662,958 
155,388 
80,129 
75,259 

1,650,361 
866,450 
783,911 


Per 
cent. 


7.7 
7.6 
7.8 


5.0 
5.0 
4.9 

30.4 
30.1 
30.7 

45.3 
41.5 
49.2 

15.8 
15.0 
30.2 

9.2 
8.6 
14.1 

3.0 
3.1 
2.9 
3.7 
3.8 
3.7 
1.1 
1.2 
1.1 

12.7 
11.8 
13.9 


population  10  years  of  age  .\^nd 
over:  1900 » 


Total. 


57,949,824 
29,703,440 
28,246,384 


51,250,918 
26,327,931 
24,922,987 

6,415,581 
3,181,660 
3,233,931 

171,552 
86,504 
85,048 

87,682 
84,141 
3,541 

24,091 

23,214 

877 

41,236,663 
20,912,940 
20,323,722 
30,310,261 
15,452,855 
14,857,406 
10,926,401 
5,460,085 
5,466,316 

10,014,256 
5,414,991 
4,599,265 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


6,180,069 
3,  Oil,  224 
3, 168, 845 


3,200,746 
1,567,153 
1,633,593 

2,853,194 
1,371,432 
1,481,762 

96,347 
45,376 
50,971 

25,396 
23,052 
2,344 

4,386 

4,211 

175 

1,913,611 
965,517 
958,094 
1,734,764 
862,175 
872,589 
178,847 
93,342 
85,505 

1,287,135 
611,636 
675,499 


Per 
cent. 


10.7 
10.1 
11.2 


6.2 
6.0 
6.6 

44.5 
43.1 
45.8 

56.2 
52.5 
59.9 

29.0 

27.4 
66.2 

18.2 
18.1 
20.0 

4.6 
4.0 
4.7 
5.7 
5.6 
5.9 
1.6 
1.7 
1.6 

12.9 
11.3 
14.7 


persons   10  to   14  years  of 
age:  1010 


Total. 


9,107,140 
4,601,753 
4,505,387 


7,918,408 
4,006,104 
3,912,304 

1,155,266 
578,074 
577, 192 

31,393 
16,199 
15,194 

1,575 

1,085 

490 

477 
278 
204 


niiterate. 


N"""'**-      c^. 


370,136 
211,763 
168,373 


144,675 
82,569 
62,106 

218,655 
125,616 
92,939 

6,798 
3,523 
3,276 

87 
44 
43 

20 
10 
10 


7,560,078 

131,991 

3,824,801 

76,369 

3,735,277 

55,632 

5,324,283 

117,973 

2,700,656 

60,087 

2,623,627 

48,886 

2, 2%,  795 

14,018 

1, 124, 145 

7,272 

1,111,650 

6,746 

358,330 

12,684 

181,303 

6,210 

177,027 

6,474 

4.1 
4.6 
3.5 


1.8 
2.1 
1.6 

18.9 
21.7 
16.1 

21.7 
217 
21.6 

5.5 
4.1 

8.8 

4.2 
3.7 
4.9 

1.7 
2.0 
1.5 

2.2 
2.6 
1.9 
0.6 
0.6 
0.6 

3.5 
3.4 
3,7 


Table  a 7— Continued. 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total  popnlatlon 

Kale 

Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

Male 

Female 

Chinese 

Male 

Female ;... 

)anese 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Male 

Female 

Native  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Female 

Foreign-born  white 

Male 

Female 


FKBaONS   15  TO    19  YEARS  OF  AGE: 

1910 


Total. 


9,063,603 

4,627,282 
4.636.321 


7,968,391 
3,999,143 
3,969,248 

1,060,416 
507,945 
652,471 

28,486 
14,612 
13,874 

3,439 

3,069 

380 

2,674 

2,328 

346 

7,294,630 
3,647,389 
3,647,241 
5,089,055 
2,552,528 
2,536,527 
2,205,575 
1,094,861 
1, 110, 714 

673,761 
351,754 
322,007 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


448,414 

262,770 
185,644 


226,432 
132,616 
93,816 

214,860 
126,459 
88,401 

6,513 
3,169 
3,344 

303 

258 

45 

228 
190 
38 

140,323 
85,510 
54,813 

121,878 
75,394 
46,484 
18,445 
10, 116 
8,329 

86,109 
47,106 
39,003 


Per 
eent. 


4.9 

5.8 
4.1 


2.8 
3.3 
2.4 

20.3 
24.9 
16.0 

22.9 
21.7 
24.1 


8.4 
11.8 

8.5 
8.2 
11.0 

1.9 
2.3 
1.5 
2.4 
3.0 
1.8 
0.8 
0.9 
0.7 

12.8 
13.4 
12.1 


PERSONS  20  TO  24  YEARS  OF   AGE: 

1910 


Total. 


0,056,984 
4, 580, 290 
4,476,694 


7,986,411 
4,070,955 
3,915,456 

1,030,795 
482,157 
648,638 

21,844 
11,265 
10,579 

4,451 
3,979 

472 

12,914 
11,375 
1,539 

6,556,030 
3,247,035 
3,308,995 
4,682,922 
2,332,914 
2,350,008 
1,873,108 
914, 121 
958,987 

1,430,381 
823,920 
606,461 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


622,073 
343,450 
278,623 


367,669 
211,861 
155,808 

245,860 
126,970 
118,890 

6,756 
3,138 
3,618 

559 
425 
134 

1,026 
855 
171 

148,541 
84,586 
63,955 
130,991 
75,193 
55,798 
17,550 
9,393 
8,157 

219, 128 
127,275 
91,853 


Per 
cent. 


6.9 

7.5 
6.2 


4.6 
6.2 
4.0 

23.9 
26.3 

21.7 

30.9 
27.9 
34.2 

12.6 
10.7 
28.4 

7.9 
7.6 
U.l 

2.3 
2.6 
1.9 
2.8 
3.2 
2.4 
0.9 
1.0 
0.9 

15.3 
15.4 
15.1 


PERSONS  25  TO  34  YEARS  OF   AGE: 

1910 


Total. 


15,152,188 
7, 901, 116 
7,251,072 


1.3,524,412 
7,089,393 
6,435,019 

1,549,316 
753,968 
795,348 

33,380 
16,993 
16,387 

10,551 

9,708 

843 

33,182 
29,731 
3,451 

10,356,001 
6,210,149 
6, 145, 852 
7,450,675 
3,788,166 
3,662,509 
2,905,326 
1,421,9% 
1,483,343 

3,168,411 
1,879,244 
1,289,167 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


1,102,384 
597, 867 
604,727 


702,962 
403,286 
299,677 

380,742 
183,993 
196,749 

13,692 
6,184 
7,508 

1,534 

1,241 

293 

2,925 
2,427 


247, 774 
136,583 
111,  191 
220,797 
121,983 
98,814 
26,977 
14,600 
12,377 

455,188 
266,702 
188,486 


Per 
cent. 


7.3 
7.6 
7.0 


5.2 
5.7 
4.7 

24.6 
24.4 
24,7 

41.0 
36.4 
45.8 

14.6 
12.8 
34.8 

8.8 
8.2 
14.4 

•2.4 
2.6 
2.2 
3.0 
3.2 
2.7 
0.9 
1.0 
0.8 

14.4 
14.2 
14.6 


72497°— 13- 


>  Includes  the  small  group  ''Age  unknown,"  statistics  for  which  are  not  shown  separately. 


-16    + 


242  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1910  AND  1900— Contd. 


Table  27— Continued. 


CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 


Total  population 

Male 

Female 

White 

Male 

Female 

Negro 

Male 

Female 

Indian 

Male 

Female 

Chinese 

Male 

Female 

Japanese 

Male 

Female 

Native  white 

Male 

Female 

Native  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign  or  mixed  parentage 

Male 

Female 

Foreign-bom  white 

Male 

Female 


PERSONS  35   TO  44  YEARS   OF  AGE: 

1910 


Illiterate. 


Total. 


11,657,687 
6,153,366 
5.504,321 


10,512,117 
5,561,221 
4,950,896 

1,088,862 
550,130 
538, 732 

26, 795 
13,847 
12,948 

15,402 

14, 748 

654 

13,945 
12,865 
1,080 


Number. 


940,510 
466,287 
474, 223 


800,549 
997,695 
802,854 
495,766 
854,044 
641,722 
304,783 
143,651 
161, 132 


2,711,508 
1,563,526 
1,148,042 


569,403 
303, 719 
265,684 

351,858 
152, 132 
199, 726 

15,291 
6,951 
8,340 

2,205 

1,948 

257 

1,493 

1,277 

216 

235,489 
120,488 
115,001 
210,694 
107,355 
103,339 
24, 795 
13,133 
11,662 

333,914 
183.231 
150, 683 


Per 

cent. 


8.1 
7.6 
8.6 


5.4 
5.5 
5.4 

32.3 
27.7 
37.1 

57.1 
50.2 
64.4 

14.3 
13.2 
39.3 

10.7 
9.9 
20.0 

3.0 
3.0 
3.0 
3.8 
3.8 
3.9 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 

12.3 
11.7 
13.1 


PERSONS  45  TO  64  YEARS   OF  AGE: 
1910 


Total. 


13,424,089 
7,163,332 
6,260,757 


12,249,904 
6,518,282 
5,731,622 

1, 108, 103 
595,554 
612,549 

32,925 
17,055 
15,870 

29,647 

29,113 

534 

3,219 

3,045 

174 

8,857,386 
4,623,547 
4,233,839 
6,740,000 
3,547,325 
3,192,675 
2,117,386 
1,076,222 
1,041,164 

3,392,518 
1,894,735 
1,497,783 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


1.436,907 

672, 684 
764, 223 


Per 

cent. 


10.7 
9.4 
12.2 


821,957 
387,641 
434,316 

584,514 
267,588 
316,926 

24,397 
11,679 
12, 718 

5,436 

5,203 

233 

451 
422 
29 

446,855 
217,383 
229,472 
405,784 
197,258 
208,526 
41,871 
20,125 
20,946 

375, 102 
170,258 
204,844 


6.7 
5.9 
7.6 

52.7 
44.9 
61.8 

74.1 
68.5 
80.1 

18.3 
17.9 
43.6 

14.0 
13.9 
16.7 

5.0 
4.7 
5.4 
6.0 
5.6 
6.5 
1.9 
1.9 
2.0 

11.1 
9.0 
13.7 


persons  65  years  of  age  and 
over:  1910 


Total. 


3,949,524 
1,985,976 
1,963,548 


Illiterate. 


Number. 


573,799 
248, 875 
324,924 


3,640,003 
1,825,019 
1,814,984 

294,124 
152,482 
141, 642 

12,986 
6,130 
6,856 

2,330 

2,268 

62 

40 
38 
2 

2,456,654 

1,218,011 

1,238,643 

2,201,068 

1,089,349 

1,111,719 

255,586 

128,662 

126,924 

1,183,349 
607,008 
576,341 


342, 420 
135,102 
207,318 

219,255 
107,877 
111,378 

11,372 
5,178 
6,194 

717 
683 
34 

10 
10 


179,219 
73,035 
106, 184 
167,099 
67, 752 
99,347 
12,120 
5,283 
6,837 

163,201 
62,067 
101, 134 


Per 
cent. 


14.5 
12.5 
16.5 


9.4 
7.4 
11.4 

74.5 
70.7 
78.6 

87.6 
84.5 
90.3 

30.8 
30.1 


7.3 
6.0 
8.6 
7.6 
6.2 
8.9 
4.7 
4.1 
5.4 

13.8 
10.2 
17.5 


While  in  the  whole  urban  population  10  years  of 
age  and  over  in  1910,  5.1  per  cent  were  illiterate,  in 
the  rural  population  the  percentage  was  10.1,  or 
almost  double.  The  contrast  between  urban  and 
rural  illiteracy  is  by  far  the  greatest  in  the  case 
of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage,  of  whom 
less  than  1  per  cent  were  illiterate  in  urban  communi- 
ties and  over  5  per  cent  in  rural  districts.  There  was 
also  a  much  higher  percentage  of  illiteracy  among  the 
negroes  in  rural  districts  than  in  urban  communities. 

The  differences  here  observed  between  the  per- 
centages of  illiteracy  in  the  urban  and  the  rural 
population  explain  in  part  the  differences  in  the  pro- 
portion of  illiteracy  among  the  different  classes  of 
the  population  as  a  whole.  Because  of  the  high 
proportion  of  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage 
and  of  the  negroes  living  in  rural  districts,  the  per- 
centage of  illiteracy  for  each  of  these  two  classes  as  a 
whole  approaches  the  percentage  indicated  for  that 
portion  of  the  class  living  in  the  rural  districts.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  of 
mixed  parentage  are  largely  city  dwellers,  and  their 
general  percentage  approaches  the  urban  percentage 
more  closely  than  the  rural. 


It  may  be  noted  that  the  considerable  divergence  be- 
tween the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  and  those 
of  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  almost  disappears  when 
the  figures  for  the  two  classes  are  compared  for  urban 
communities.  Further  light  upon  the  differences 
among  the  various  classes  can  be  gained  from  a  study 
of  the  geographic  distribution  of  illiteracy. 

DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

The  significance  of  the  number  of  illiterates  can  be 
seen  most  clearly  when  a  comparison  is  made  with  the 
aggregate  population  in  which  the  illiterates  are  con- 
tained. It  has  seemed  advisable  in  some  cases,  how- 
ever, to  give  the  number  and  percentage  of  illiterates 
without  the  aggregate  population  on  which  the  per- 
centage is  based,  it  being  understood  that  the  figures 
representing  the  total  population  in  any  age  group  may 
be  found  in  Chapter  3,  relating  to  age.  The  impor- 
tance, however,  for  the  study  of  illiteracy,  of  the  pop- 
ulation 10  years  of  age  and  over  makes  it  desirable 
to  print  here  for  convenience  of  reference  the  sta- 
tistics of  this  population  classified  according  to  sex 
and  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,for  divisions 
and  states  (Table  29,  page  244). 


ILLITERACY. 


243 


Percentage  of  illiteracy. — Table  30  (page  247)  gives 
by  divisions  and  states  for  1910  and  1900  the 
number  and  percentage  illiterate,  with  separate  fig- 
ures for  the  most  important  of  the  color  or  race, 
nativity,  and  parentage  classes.  Table  28  presents  in 
more  compact  form  the  percentages  alone  for  the 
divisions,  and  for  the  larger  sections  of  the  country — 
the  North,  the  South,  and  the  West,  which  comprise 
respectively  the  first  four,  the  next  three,  and  the 
last  two  divisions. 


Table  28 


DIVISION  AND  SECTIOK 


TTnlted  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central, 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 


PXBCENTAGE  OF  ILLITERATES  IN  POPtTLATION  10  YEAKS 

or  AGE  AND  over:  1910 


All 

classes. 


1910  1900 


7.7 
8.3 
6.7 
3.4 
2.9 
16.0 
17.4 
13.2 
6.9 
3.0 

4.3 
15.6 
4.4 


10.7 

6.0 

6.8 

4.3 

4.1 

23.9 

24.9 

20.5 

9.6 

4.2 

6.0 

23.3 

6.3 


Native  white. 


parentage. 


^^-"-   io^"^lL% 


parentage. 


Foreign- 
born 
white. 


Negro. 


!   !      I   '   i 

1910  1900^ 1910  1900  1910  1900  1910  1900 


3.7 
0.7 
1.2 
1.7 
1.7 
8.0 
9.6 
6.6 
3.6 
0.4 


1.4 
7.7 
1.7 


6.7i 
0.9' 
2.0i 
2.8! 
2.9| 
12. 0' 
13.6 
9.2 
7.ll 
0.8 


1.1 
1.3 

0.8 
0.9 
0.7 
1.2 
1.7 
7.7 
1.2 
0.5 


2.4 
11.8 

3.4 


0.9 
4.3 
0.8 


1.6 

2.1 
1.2 
1.4 
1.1 
2.1 
2.6 


12.7 
13.8 
15.8 
10.1 

7.6 
13.5 

9.7 


9.1  25.6 
1.9  12.5 
0.9  8.0 


1.4 
6.1 
1.3 


12.9 

16.2 
15.8 
10.2 

8.0 
12.9 
10.4 
27.2 
10.6 

7.3 


12.7 
18.8 
9.5 


12.8 
19.1 
8.5 


30.4 

7.8 
7.9 
11.0 
14.9 
32.5 
34.8 
33.1 
8.0 
6.3 


10.5 

33.3 

7.0 


44.6 

11.6 
14.2 
18.5 
25.4 
47.1 
49.2 
48.0 
13.5 
12.7 


18.2 
48.0 
13.1 


In  the  total  population  10  years  of  age  and  over  the 
percentage  of  illiteracy  in  1910  was  practically  the 
same  in  the  North  and  the  West,  but  it  was  much 
greater  in  the  South.  The  division  showing  the  lowest 
proportion  of  illiterates  was  the  West  North  Central, 
where  only  2.9  per  cent  of  the  population  10  years  of 
age  and  over  were  reported  as  illiterate,  while  the  high- 
est proportion,  17.4,  was  reported  for  the  East  South 
Central  division.  In  the  North  the  percentage  of 
illiteracy  was  somewhat  higher  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
and  New  England  divisions,  where  the  foreign  born  are 
more  numerous,  than  in  the  two  central  divisions.  The 
percentage  of  illiteracy  was  decidedly  higher  in  the 
Mountain  division  than  in  the  Pacific,  but  it  should 
be  noted  that  this  higher  percentage  is  mainly  due  to 
exceptionally  high  percentages  in  two  states — New 
Mexico  and  Arizona. 

In  all  divisions  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  native 
whites  of  native  parentage  was  lower  than  that  for  the 
total  population.  The  lowest  percentage  of  illiteracy 
in  this  class  in  any  division  was  in  the  Pacific,  where 


only  0.4  per  cent  were  reported  as  illiterate,  and  the 
highest  percentage,  9.6,  in  the  East  South  Central. 
The  proportion  of  illiterates  among  the  native  whites 
of  native  parentage  was  considerably  lower  in  New 
England  than  in  the  other  divisions  of  the  North. 

Among  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  par- 
entage the  percentage  of  illiteracy  was  very  small,  fall- 
ing below  2  in  all  divisions  except  the  West  South  Cen- 
tral. In  the  last-named  division  illiterates  formed  7.7 
per  cent  of  the  population  of  this  class  10  years  of  age 
and  over,  this  high  figure  being  mainly  due,  however, 
to  the  exceptionally  high  percentage  in  the  state  of 
Texas.  The  proportion  of  illiterates  among  the  native 
whites  oi  foreign  or  mixed  parentage  was  less  than 
among  those  of  native  parentage  in  all  of  the  divisions 
except  the  West  South  Central,  New  England,  and 
Pacific. 

The  highest  percentage  of  illiteracy  among  the  for- 
eign-bom whites  was  in  the  West  South  Central  divi- 
sion and  the  lowest  in  the  West  North  Central.  Of  the 
divisions  where  the  foreign-born  whites  are  numerous, 
the  Middle  Atlantic  shows  the  highest  percentage  of 
illiteracy  for  this  class  and  New  England  the  next 
highest.  The  percentage  of  illiteracy  among  the 
negroes  was  highest,  34.8,  in  the  East  South  Central 
division.  In  the  South  as  a  whole  in  1910  one- third 
of  the  negroes  were  illiterate.  In  the  North,  where 
the  negroes  are  comparatively  few,  the  percentage 
of  illiteracy  was  10.5,  and  in  the  West,  where  their 
numbers  are  insignificant,  the  percentage  of  illiteracy 
was  only  7. 

Comparing  the  figures  for  1910  and  1900,  it  will  be 
noted  that,  for  the  population  as  a  whole  and  for  both 
native  white  groups  and  for  the  negroes,  the  percentage 
of  illiteracy  was  less  in  every  division  in  1910  than  in 
1900;  considerably  less,  except  for  the  population  as  a 
whole,  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  where  the  figures 
were  affected  by  a  rather  large  increase  in  the  pro- 
portion of  foreign  born  in  the  total  population.  The 
decline  in  the  proportion  of  illiterates  among  the 
negroes  for  the  South  as  a  whole,  from  nearly  one-half 
in  1900  to  one-third  in  1910,  is  particularly  conspicuous. 

The  percentages  of  illiterates  in  the  several  states 
among  the  different  population  classes  conform  in  the 
main  to  those  of  the  division  in  which  the  state  is 
located.  The  figures  showing  the  number  and  per  cent 
of  illiterates  in  each  class  by  states  are  given  in  Table 
30,  page  245,  and  are  graphically  illustrated  by  the 
maps  on  pages  246  and  247. 


244 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table  29 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States . . . 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic .... 
East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Coimecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota., 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware , 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia, 

Virginia , 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  Soxtth  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana , 

Oklahoma  i 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah..... 

Nevada 

Pacihc: 

Washington , 

OregMi , 

California 


1910 


71,680,270 


5,330,914 
15,446,515 
14,568,949 
9,097,311 
9,012,826 
6,178,578 
6,394,043 
2,054,249 
3,496,885 


603,893 
354, 118 
289,128 
2,742,684 
440,065 
901,026 

7,410,819 
2,027,946 
6,007,750 

3,848,747 
2,100,405 
4,493,734 
2,230,252 
1,829,811 

1,628,635 

1,760,286 

2,594,600 

424,730 

443,466 

924,032 

1,321,562 

163,080 
1,023,950 

279,088 
1,536,207 

903,822 
1,578,595 
1,078,161 
1,885,111 

664,722 

1,722,644 
1,621,179 
1,541,575 
1,293,180 

1,134,087 
1,213,570 
1,197,476 
2,848,904 

303,551 
249,018 
117,585 
640,846 
240,990 
157,659 
274,778 
69,822 

933,556 

555,631 

2,007,698 


1900 


57,949,824 


4,524,602 
12,167,559 
12,443,302 
7,838,564 
7,616,159 
5,474,227 
4,649,988 
1,276,076 
1,959,347 


565,440 
.  337,893 
278,943 
2,267,048 
344,824 
730,454 

5,801,682 
1,480,498 
4,885,379 

3,289,921 
1,968,215 
3,727,745 
1,896,265 
1,561,156 

1,305,657 

1,711,789 

2,371,865 

229,161 

294,304 

799,755 

1,126,033 

145,500 
920,715 
231, 837 

1,364,501 
701,046 

1,346,734 
942,402 

1,577,334 
385,490 

1,589,685 
1,480,948 
1,304,703 
1,098,891 

934,332 

990,364 

661,379 

2,163,913 

191,596 
119, 837 

72,062 
425,424 
141,282 

94,147 
196,769 

34,959 

408,437 

328,799 

1,222,111 


Male: 
1910 


37,027,654 


2,649,897 
7,863,584 
7,529,768 
4,807,164 
4,528,942 
3,116,286 
3,334,078 
1,185,047 
2,012,792 


307,375 
178,151 
148,686 
1,340,517 
219,221 
455,947 

3,727,218 
1,029,649 
3,106,717 

1,970,027 
1,108,767 
2,333,230 
1,163,835 
953,909 

882,046 
912,728 
1,334,851 
240,658 
245,991 
491,706 
699,184 

83,787 
507,421 
131,983 
770,504 
483,221 
781,434 
531, 692 
939, 791 
299,109 

874,306 
817, 174 
773,415 
651,391 

588,133 

612,534 

648, 116 

1,485,295 

190,263 
146,783 

77,260 
350,684 
131,828 

94, 812 
147,009 

46,408 

552,586 

324, 717 

1,135,489 


Female: 
1910 


34,662,712 


2,681,017 
7,582,931 
7,039,181 
4,290,147 
4,483,884 
3,062,292 
3,059,965 
869,202 
1,484,093 


296,518 
175,967 
140,442 
1,402,167 
220,844 
445,079 

3,683,601 

998,297 

2,901,033 

1,878,720 
1,051,638 
2,160,504 
1,072,417 
875,902 

746,589 
847,558 
1,259,749 
184,072 
197,475 
432,326 
622,378 

79,293 
516,529 
147, 105 
765,793 
420,601 
797, 161 
546,469 
945,320 
265,613 

848,338 
804,005 
768,160 
641,789 

545,954 

601,042 

549,360 

1,363,609 

113,288 
102,235 

40,325 
290,162 
109,162 

62,847 
127, 769 

23,414 

380,970 
230,914 

872,209 


White: 
1910 


63,933,870 


5,270,232 
15,079,257 
14,297,054 
8,860,838 
6,018,022 
4,215,494 
4,881,289 
1,965,656 
3,346,028 


601,890 
353,543 
287,653 
2,707,729 
431,632 
887,785 

7,284,110 
1,951,911 
5,843,236 

3,754,104 
2,109,222 
4,398,331 
2,215,706 
1,819,691 

1,615,427 

1,747,403 

2,461,353 

419,4SI2 

428,265 

913,984 

1,274,974 

138,265 
843,047 
198,658 

1,039,333 
852,778 

1,082,797 
493, 820 

1,038,626 
330,698 

1,512,398 

1,260,304 

878,570 

564,222 

806,683 

686,979 

1,047,254 

2,340,373 

291,125 
243,544 
112,507 
627, 167 
225,048 
133,843 
269,016 
63,340 

904,957 

639,613 

1,901,458 


Negro: 
1910 


7,317,922 


55,321 

351,546 

254,545 

203,  Ml 

2,986,936 

1,960,898 

1,460,705 

18,755 

25,575 


1,166 
480 

1,446 
31,718 

7,913 
12,598 

115,843 

74,577 
161, 126 

93,910 
50,650 
92,928 
14,557 
2,500 

6,366 

12,380 

132,385 

546 

697 

6,725 

44,542 

24,777 
180,454 

79,964 
496,418 

50,925 
490,395 
584,064 
846,195 
233,744 

210,028 
360,663 
662,356 
727,851 

327,009 
625,450 
101, 157 
507,089 

1,633 
578 
2,024 
9,990 
1,344 
1,691 
1,026 
469 

5,517 
1,359 
18,699 


Indian, 
Chinese, 


and 

all  other: 

1910 


328,478 


5,361 

15, 712 

17,350 

32,832 

7,868 

2,186 

52,049 

69,838 

125,282 


837 
95 
29 
3,237 
520 
643 

10,866 
1,458 
3,388 

733 

533 

2,475 

5,989 

7,620 

6,842 
503 
862 
4,752 
14,504 
3,323 
2,046 

38 
449 
466 
546 
119 
5,403 
277 
290 
280 

218 

212 

649 

1,107 

395 

1,147 

49,065 

1,442 

10,793 
4,896 
2,994 
3,689 
14,598 
22,125 
4,736 
6,007 

23,082 
14,659 
87,541 


native  white. 


Native 

parentage: 

1910 


37,081,278 


2,135,801 
6,565,900 
7,370,025 
4,798,510 
5,397,864 
3,945,830 
4,101,510 
1,081,180 
1,684,658 


406,951 
193,583 
183,292 
900,749 
129,279 
321,947 

2,539,893 

788,065 

3,237,942 

2,352,681 

1,654,670 

1,941,879 

919,837 

500,958 

389, 726 
962,435 
1,792,819 
108,422 
170,391 
465,425 
909,292 

102,321 
590,715 
136,907 
985,058 
756, 184 

1,070,405 
478,726 

1,003,230 
274,318 

1,360,814 

1,210,016 

835,692 

539,308 

761,189 

545,698 

934,912 

1,859,711 

124, 768 
145,414 

62,033 
369,056 
185,205 

61,983 
104,566 

28, 156  ■ 

459, 716 
331,492 
893,450 


Foreign  or 

mixed 

parentage: 

1910 


13,908,063 


1,377,187 

3,851,367 

3,941,206 

2,482,634 

339,771 

184,771 

449,348 

461,408 

820,371 


89,603 
66,984 
56,707 
786,386 
130,449 
247,058 

2,109,639 

526,998 

1,214,730 

822,149 
298,956 
1,287,893 
716,066 
816, 142 

691, 786 
515, 722 
444,956 
160,559 
159,540 
276,062 
234,009 

19,004 

151,381 

37,9% 

28,636 

41,948 

6,658 

9,183 

20,740 

24,225 

112,013 
32,303 
24,587 
15,868 

29,040 

90,948 

73,278 

256,082 

76,901 
58,511 
24,153 

135,085 
18,608 
28,136 

102,611 
17,403 

210,313 
107,362 
502,696 


Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


ILLITERACY.  ,  245 

ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER.  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  30 

ALL  classes. 

native  white. 

Native  parentage. 

Foreign 

or  mixed  parentage. 

DIVISION  AND 
STATE. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

TTnited  States.. 

5,516,163 

7.7 

6,180,069 

10.7 

1,378,884 

3.7 

1,734,764 

6.7 

155,388 

1.1 

178,847 

1.6 

1,650,361 

12.7 

1,887,135 

12.9 

2,227,731 

30.4 

2,853,194 

44.5 

Oeookaphic  divs.: 

New  England... 

280,806 

5.3 

272,402 

6.0 

15,551 

-0.7 

19,262 

0.9 

17,606 

1.3 

21,037 

2.1 

242,513 

13.8 

224,988 

16.2 

4,341 

7.8 

5,681 

11.6 

Middle  Atlantic. 

873,812 

5.7 

704,134 

5.8 

75,908 

1.2 

114,083 

2.0 

32,343 

0.8 

37,670 

1.2 

735,244 

15.8 

509,436 

15.8 

27,811 

7.9 

38,594 

14.2 

E.  North  Central 

491,850 

3.4 

534,299 

4.3 

122,256 

1.7 

178,076 

2.8 

36,809 

0.9 

47,182 

1.4 

300,613 

10.1 

263,677 

10.2 

28,071 

11.0 

39,280 

18.5 

W.  North  Central 

263, 138 

2.9 

324,023 

4.l' 

81,362 

1  7 

117,339 

2.9 

17,661 

0.7 

21,075 

1.1 

120,573 

7.6 

120,299 

8.0 

30,436 

14.9 

48,634 

25.4 

South  Atlantic. 

1,444,294 

16.0 

1,821,346 

23.9 

429,618 

8.0 

535,163 

12.0 

4,191 

1.2 

6,367 

2.1 

37,934 

13.5 

26,437 

12.9 

969,432 

32.5 

1,250,279 

47.1 

E.  South  Central 

1,072,100 

17.4 

1,304,935 

24.9 

378,088 

9.6 

461,375 

13.6 

3,142 

1.7 

4,953 

2.6 

8,215 

9.7 

9,253 

10.4 

681,507 

34.8 

887;  838 

49.2 

W.South  Central 

845,604 

13.2 

953,644 

20.5 

229,807 

5.6 

258,017 

9.2 

34,737 

7.7 

30,622 

9.1 

84,674 

25.6 

69,086 

27.2 

483,022 

33.1 

579,489 

48.0 

Mountain 

140,737 

6.9 

122,901 

9.6 

39,253 

3.6 

43,743 

7.1 

5,754 

1.2 

5,773 

1.9 

52,950 

12.5 

29,939 

10.6 

1,497 

8.0 

1,840 

13.  & 

PaciQc 

103,822 

3.0 

82,385 

4.2 

7,041 

0.4 

7,706 

0.8 

4,145 

0.5 

4,168 

0.9 

67,645 

8.0 

34,020 

7.3 

1,614 

6.3 

1,559 

12.7 

New  Englaiid: 

24,654 
16,386 

4.1 
4.6 

29,060 
21,075 

6.1 
6.2 

6,776 
1,462 

1.4 
0.8 

6,880 
2,085 

1.7 
1.0 

4,048 
1,377 

4.5 
2.1 

4,514 
1,755 

6.7 
3.7 

14,394 
13,485 

13.7 
14.5 

17,195 
17,126 

19.4 
20.5 

93 
51 

8.0 
10.6 

156 
70 

14.2 

New  Hampshire 

11.9 

Vermont 

10,806 

3.7 

16,247 

5.8 

2,234 

1.2 

3,231 

1.8 

2,261 

4.0 

3,703 

6.8 

6,239 

13.1 

9,205 

21.4 

69 

4.8 

99 

14.6 

Massachusetts... 

141,541 

5.2 

134,043 

6.9 

3,428 

0.4 

3,912 

0.5 

5,735 

0.7 

6,827 

1.2 

129,412 

12.7 

119,582 

14.6 

2,584 

8.1 

2,853 

10.7 

Rhode  Island... 

33,854 

7.7 

29,004 

8.4 

944 

0.7 

1,196 

1.0 

2,309 

1.8 

2,518 

2.8 

29,781 

17.3 

24,167 

18.7 

752 

9.5 

1,063 

14.1 

Connecticut 

53,665 

6.0 

42,973 

6.9 

1,707 

0.5 

1,958 

0.6 

1,876 

0.8 

1,720 

0.9 

40,202 

15.4 

37,723 

16.3 

792 

6.3 

1,441 

11.5 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

406,020 

5.5 

318,100 

5.5 

21,292 

0.8 

20,188 

1.3 

16,026 

0.7 

18,163 

.    1.1 

362,025 

13.7 

258,423 

14.0 

5,768 

5.0 

9,180 

10.8 

New  Jersey 

113,502 

5.6 

86,658 

5.9 

8,662 

1.1 

13,511 

2.1 

3,601 

0.7 

3,520 

1.0 

93,551 

14.7 

59,307 

14.1 

7,405 

9.9 

9,882 

17.2 

Pennsylvania... 

354,290 

5.9 

299,376 

6.1 

46,054 

1.4 

71,384 

2.5 

13,626 

1.1 

15,988 

1.6 

279,668 

20.1 

191,706 

19.9 

14,638 

9.1 

19,532 

15.1 

E.  N.  Central: 

Ohio 

124,774 

3.2 

131,541 

4.0 

39,807 

1.7 

56,416 

2.8 

7,603 

0.9 

10,739 

1.4 

66,887 

11.5 

50,155 

11.1 

10,460 

11.1 

14,107 

17.8 

66,213 
168,204 

3.1 
3.7 

90,5.39 
157,958 

4.6 
4.2 

36,829 
32,836 

2.2 
1.7 

57,137 
48,680 

3.9 
2.0 

4,126 
7,660 

1.4 
0.6 

6,663 
9,357 

2.2 
0.9 

18,200 
117,751 

11.7 
10.1 

16,059 
86,668 

11.4 
9.1 

6,959 
9,713 

13.7 
10.5 

10,594 
12,903 

22.0 

Dlinois 

18.1 

Michigan 

74,800 

3.3 

80,482 

4.2 

9,661 

1.0 

12,154 

1.6 

8,286 

1.2 

10,123 

1.8 

54,113 

9.3 

54,399 

10.3 

826 

5.7 

1,426 

10.9 

Wisconsin 

57,769 

3.2 

73,779 

4.7 

3.223 

0.6 

3,680 

1.0 

8,245 

1.0 

10,300 

1.5 

43,662 

8.7 

56,396 

11.1 

113 

4.5 

250 

11.4 

W.  N.  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

49,336 

3.0 

52,946 

4.1 

1,636 

0.4 

1,656 

0.6 

4,302 

0.6 

4,782 

0.9 

40,627 

7.6 

42,142 

8.4 

215 

3.4 

337 

7.9 

Iowa 

29,880 
111, 116 
13,070 

1.7 
4.3 
3.1 

40,172 
152,844 
12,719 

2.3 

6.4 
5.6 

8,391 

60,070 

349 

0.9 
3.4 
0.3 

12,404 

89,203 

279 

1.4 

5.6 
0.6 

3,150 
5,172 
1,064 

0.6 
1.2 
0.7 

4,028 
7,202 

784 

0.8 
1.7 
1.1 

16,894 
22,631 
9,474 

6.3 
10.1 
6.3 

21,431 
19,944 
8,432 

7.1 
9.3 

7.8 

1,272 

23,062 

26 

10.3 
17.4 
4.8 

l,9(i2 

36,390 

31 

18.6 

28.1 

North  Dakota... 

12.8 

South  Dakota. . . 

12,750 

2.9 

14,832 

5.0 

656 

0.3 

432 

0.5 

683 

0.4 

772 

0.8 

4,806 

S.O 

6,835 

6.7 

38 

5.5 

51 

13.3 

Nebraska 

18,009 

1.9 

17,997 

2.3 

2,787 

0.6 

3,311 

0.8 

1,491 

0.5 

1,406 

0.7 

12,264 

7.1 

11,911 

6.8 

482 

7.2 

633 

11.8 

Kansas 

28,968 

2.2 

32,513 

2.9 

7,673 

0.8 

10,064 

1.3 

1,799 

0.8 

2,101 

1.0 

13,787 

10.5 

10,604 

8.5 

5,341 

12.0 

9,230 

22.3 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

13,240 

8.1 

17,531 

12.0 

3,362 

3.3 

6,840 

6.3 

163 

0.9 

232 

1.4 

3,359 

19.8 

2,476 

18.3 

6,345 

25.6 

8,967 

38.1 

Marjland 

73,397 

7.2 

101,947 

11.1 

17,464 

3.0 

23,837 

4.7 

1,488 

1.0 

2,595 

1.9 

12,047 

11.9 

12,262 

13.4 

42,289 

23.4 

63,033j    35.1 

Dist.  of  Columbia 

13,812 

4.9 

20,028 

8.6 

797 

0.6 

975 

0.9 

163 

0.4 

163 

0.5 

1,944 

8.2 

1,342 

7.0 

10,814 

13.5 

17,462     24.3 

Virginia 

232,911 

74,866 

15.2 
8.3 

312,120 
80,105 

22.9 
11.4 

81,105 
50,580 

8.2 
6.7 

95,583 
63,008 

11.4 
10.4 

352 
827 

1.2 
2.0 

534 
1,273 

2.1 
3.2 

2,368 
13,075 

9.2 
23.9 

2,043 
4,730 

10.9 
21.5 

148,950 
10,347 

30.0 
20.3 

213,836     44.6 

West  Virginia. . . 

11,083 

32.3 

North  Carolina.. 

291,497 

18.5 

386,251 

28.7 

131,992 

12.3 

175,325 

19.6 

197 

3.0 

320 

5.1 

477 

8.3 

262 

6.1 

156,303 

31.9 

208,132 

47.6 

South  Carolina. . 

276,980 

25.7 

338,659 

35.9 

50,112 

10.5 

54,177 

13.9 

133 

1.4 

198 

2.1 

399 

6.8 

344 

6.5 

220,242 

38.7 

283,883 

52.8 

Georgia 

389,775 
77,816 

20.7 
13.8 

480,420 
84,285 

30.5 
21.9 

79,875 
14,331 

8.0 
5.2 

99,948 
16,470 

12.2 
9.0 

328 
540 

1.6 
2.2 

483 
569 

2.5 
3.6 

875 
3,390 

6.0 
10.5 

833 
2,145 

7.0 
11.6 

308,639 
59,503 

36.5 
25.5 

379,067 
64,816 

52.4 

Florida 

38.4 

E.  S.  Central: 

Kentucky 

208,084 

12.1 

262,954 

16.5 

145,156 

10.7 

166,822 

13.9 

1,641 

1.5 

2,502 

2.1 

3,300 

8.3 

5,444 

10.9 

57,900 

27.6 

88,137 

40.1 

Tennessee 

221,071 

13.6 

306,930 

20.7 

120,384 

9.9 

156,342 

14.5 

582 

1.8 

1,054 

3.2 

1,488 

8.3 

1,690 

9.7 

98,541 

27.3 

147,784 

41.6 

Alabama 

352, 710 

22.9 

443,590 

34.0 

84,204 

10.1 

102,779 

15.2 

564 

2.3 

791 

3.5 

2,063 

11.3 

1,313 

9.3 

265,628 

40.1 

338,605 

57.4 

Mississippi 

290,235 

22.4 

351,461 

32.0 

28,344 

5.3 

35,432 

8.1 

355 

2.2 

C06 

3.8 

1,364 

15.1 

806 

10.7 

259,438 

35.6 

313,312 

49.1 

W.  S.  Central: 

Arkansas 

142,954 

12.6 

190,655 

20.4 

54,221 

7.1 

74,828 

11.8 

804 

2.8 

1,208 

4.9 

1,466 

8.9 

1,124 

8.0 

86,398 

26.4 

113,453 

43.0 

Louisiana 

352, 179 

29.0 

381,145 

38.5 

82,100 

15.0 

78,899 

20.4 

3,259 

3.6 

3,328 

3.8 

12,085 

24.0 

14,324 

28.6 

254,148 

48.4 

284,028 

01.1 

OkJahoma' 

67,567 

5.6 

67,826 

12.1 

32,605 

3.5 

34,284 

8.1 

904 

1.3 

1,086 

3.1 

3,828 

9.8 

2,157 

10.8 

17,858 

17.7 

14,870 

37.0 

Texas 

282,904 

9.9 

314,018 

14.5 

60,881 

3.3 

70,006 

5.1 

29,710 

11.6 

25,000 

13.2 

67,295 

30.0 

51,481 

30.3 

124,618 

24.6 

167, 138 

38.2 

Mountain: 

Montana 

14, 457 

4.8 

11,675 

6.1 

403 

0.3 

406 

0.6 

333 

0.4 

346 

0.8 

8,445 

9.4 

4,264 

7.0 

114 

7.0 

152 

11.4 

Idaho 

5,453 
3,874 

2.2 
3.3 

5,505 

2,878 

4.6 
4.0 

525 
209 

0.4 
0.3 

633 
257 

1.0 
0.7 

182 
89 

0.3 
0.4 

229 
91 

0.8 
0.5 

2,742 
2,548 

6.9 
9.7 

1,305 
1,349 

6.0 
8.2 

37 
102 

6.4 
5.0 

37 
141 

14.5 

Wyoming 

17.2 

Colorado 

23,780 

3.7 

17,779 

4.2 

7,445 

2.0 

7,920 

3.3 

688 

0.5 

772 

0.9 

13,897 

11.3 

7,264 

8.1 

856 

8.6 

962 

13.0 

New  Mexico 

48,697 

20.2 

46,971 

33.2 

28,689 

15.5 

32,532 

30.8 

1,649 

8.9 

1,993 

16.8 

6,580 

31.0 

4,397 

34.8 

191 

14.2 

271 

19.1 

Arizona 

32,953 
6,821 
4,702 

20.9 
2.5 
6.7 

27,307 
6,141 
4,645 

29.0 
3.1 
13.3 

1,414 
465 
103 

2.3 
0.4 
0.4 

1,266 
648 
81 

3.8 
1.1 
0.7 

2,362 
367 
84 

8.4 
0.4 
0.5 

1,830 
460 
52 

10.9 
0.6 
0.6 

13,758 
3,636 
1,344 

31.5 
5.9 

7.6 

7,552 

3,167 

641 

35.3 
6.1 
7.5 

122 
49 
26 

7.2 
4.8 
5.5 

211 
37 
29 

12.7 

Utah 

6.3 

Nevada 

23.0 

Pacific: 

Washington 

18,416 

2.0 

12,740 

3.1 

1,281 

0.3 

978 

0.5 

555 

0.3 

396 

0.6 

11,233 

4.8 

4,546 

4.5 

239 

4.3 

259 

11.0 

Oregon 

10,504 

1,9 

10,686 

3.3 

1,437 

0.4 

1,745 

0.9 

404 

0.4 

435 

0.7 

6,120 

6.1 

2,207     4.1 

46 

3.4 

89 

8.8 

California 

74,902 

3.7 

58,959 

"1 

4,323 

0.5 

4,983 

1.0 

3,186 

0.6 

3,337 

1.0 

50,292 

10.0 

27,267     8.7 

1 

1,329 

7.1 

1,21] 

13.4 

Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


246 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910. 

TOTAL  POPULATION. 


NATIVE  WHITES  OF  NATIVE  PARENTAGE. 


I     I  T>ess  than  1  per  cent. 

niD  1  to  3  per  cent. 

y/y^  3  to  5  per  cent. 

tiiSI  6  to  10  per  cent. 

CS  10  to  15  per  cent. 

Bl  IS  to  26  per  cent. 

AH  W  par  cent  and  over. 

The  heavy  Unas  ("■)  show  geographic  divisions, 


ILLITERACY. 


247 


PERCENTAGE  OF  ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER:  1910. 

FOREIGN-BORN  WHITES. 


NEGROES. 


248 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


Illiteracy  by  sex. — Table  31  shows  for  1910,  by 
divisions  and  states,  the  number  and  percentage  of 
illiterate  males  and  females  10  years  of  age  and  over. 

As  already  noted,  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  for 
females  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole  was  slightly 
higher  than  that  for  males.  In  the  New  England, 
East  North  Central,  East  South  Central,  and  Pacific 
divisions,  however,  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  for 
females  was  slightly  less  than  that  for  males,  and  in  the 
West  North  Central  division  the  percentages  for  the 
two  sexes  were  the  same. 

Illiteracy  in  the  urban  and  rural  population. — Table 
32,  on  page  249,  shows  by  divisions  for  1910  the  urban 
and  rural  population  10  years  of  age  and  over, 
classified  according  to  color  or  race,  nativity,  and 
parentage  groups  in  each  division  in  1910  as  urban  or 
rural,  giving  the  number  and  percentage  of  illiterates 
in  each  case. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  percentage  of 
illiteracy  for  the  total  population  and  for  each  class 
shown  in  the  table  was  considerably  higher  in  rural 
districts  than  in  urban  communities.  There  were 
three  divisions,  however,  the  New  England,  the  Middle 


Atlantic,  and  the  East  North  Central,  in  which  the 
percentage  of  illiteracy  was  the  greater  in  urban 
communities.  This  exception  to  the  general  rule  is 
explained  by  the  relatively  large  number  of  foreign- 
born  whites  living  in  the  cities  of  the  three  divisions 
named.  In  the  native  groups  shown,  which  comprise 
the  native  whites  of  native  and  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  and  the  negroes,  the  proportion  of  ilUterates 
was  greater  in  the  rural  parts  of  all  divisions  than  in 
the  urban  communities.  The  foreign-born  whites 
showed  in  general  a  somewhat  higher  percentage  of 
illiteracy  in  rural  districts  than  in  urban  communities, 
but  an  exception  to  this  rule  appears  in  the  case  of  the 
two  North  Central  divisions.  There  is  a  considerable 
foreign-bom  white  element  in  the  rural  population  of 
these  divisions,  but  the  more  recent  growth  of  the 
foreign-born  population  has  been  in  the  cities,  and  the 
fact  that  recent  immigrants  appear  to  be  somewhat 
more  illiterate  than  the  earUer  ones  furnishes  an  ex- 
planation of  the  higher  percentage  of  illiteracy  among 
the  foreign-bom  whites  in  the  urban  communities 
than  is  found  in  the  rural  districts  of  this  section  of 
the  country. 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  MALE  AND  FEMALE  POPULATION  10  YEARS   OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND 

STATES:  1910. 


Table  31 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TXnited  States . . . 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  Nortli  Central. 
West  Nortli  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central 

Miimesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska. 

Kansas 


ILUTERATES  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER: 

1910 


Male. 


Number. 


2,814,950 


Per 
cent. 


140,326 
442,488 
262, 137 
138,030 
723,570 
542,291 
424,354 
75,242 
66,512 


15,006 
9,210 
6,486 
67,647 
16,192 
25,785 


187,107 
57,047 
198,334 


68,385 
35,956 
86,729 
41,617 
29,450 


25,819 
15,633 
58, 106 
6,645 
6,216 
9,489 
16,122 


7.6 


6.3 
5.6 
3.5 
2.9 
16.0 
17.4 
12.7 
6.3 
3.3 


4.9 
5.2 
4.4 
5.0 
7.4 
5.7 


5.0 
5.6 
6.4 


3.5 
3.2 
3.7 
3.6 
3.1 


2.9 
1.7 
4.4 
2.8 
2.5 
1.9 
2.3 


Female. 


Number. 


2,701,213 


140,480 
431,324 
229,713 
125, 108 
720,724 
529,809 
421,250 
65,495 
37,310 


9,548 
7,176 
4,320 
73,894 
17,662 
27,880 


218,913 
56,455 
155,956 


56,389 
30,257 
81,565 
33,183 
28,319 


23,517 
14,256 
63,010 
6,425 
6,534 
8,520 
12,846 


Per 
cent. 


7.8 


5.2 
5.7 
3.3 
2.9 
16.1 
17.3 
13.8 
7.5 
2.5 


3.2 
4.1 
3.1 
5.3 
8.0 
6.3 


5.9 
6.7 
5.4 


3.0 
2.9 
3.8 
3.1 
3.2 


3.1 
1.7 
4.2 
3.5 
3.3 
2.0 
2.1 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  Sotrrn  Central: 

Kentuclcy 

Teruiessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi , 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico , 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada , 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ILLITERATES  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER: 

1910 


Male. 


Number. 


7,022 
36,556 
5,410 
121,329 
42,511 
142, 108 
133,126 
196,026 
39,482 


109,877 
112,986 
173,726 
146,702 


71,243 
171,423 

35,876 
145,812 


3,831 
2,869 
12.680 
20,965 
18,188 
3,990 
2,823 


11,724 

7,214 

47,574 


Per 
cent. 


8.4 

7.2 

4.1 

15.7 

8.8 

18.2 

26.0 

20.9 

13.2 


12.6 
13.8 
22.5 
22.4 


12.1 
28.0 
6.6 
9.8 


5.2 
2.6 
3.7 
3.6 
16.9 
19.2 
2.7 
6.1 


2.1 
2.2 
4.2 


Female. 


Number. 


6,218 
36,841 
8,402 
111,582 
32.365 
149,389 
143,8.54 
193,749 
38,334 


98,207 
108,085 
178,984 
144,633 


71,711 
180, 756 

31, 691 
137,092 


4,662 
1,«22 
1,006 
11,100 
27,732 
14,770 
2,881 
1,873 


6,092 
3,290 
27,328 


Per 

cent. 


7.8 

7.1 

6.7 

14.6 

7.7 

18.7 

26.3 

20.5 

14.4 


11.6 
13.4 
23.3 
22.5 


13.1 
30.1 
5.8 
10.1 


4.0 
1.6 
2.5 
3.8 
25.4 
23.6 
2.2 
8.0 


1.8 
1.4 
3.1 


ILLITERACY. 


249 


The  very  much  higher  percentage  of  illiteracy 
shown  for  the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  than  for  the  native  whites  of 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage  is  due  in  lai^e  part  to  the 
exceptionally  high  percentages  of  illiteracy  among  the 
native  whites  of  native  parentage  in  the  southern 
divisions,  where  this  nativity  class  makes  up  by  far 


the  greater  part  of  the  white  population.  These  excep- 
tionally high  percentages  for  the  southern  divisions 
are  in  turn  due  principally  to  the  veiy  large  proportion 
of  illiterates  in  the  rural  population  of  the  South,  in 
which  section  of  the  country  somewhat  more  than 
three-fourths  of  the  total  population  in  1910  resided 
in  rural  districts. 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  URBAN  AND  THE  RURAL  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910. 


Table  32 

1 

1                                           NATIVE  -WHITE. 

1 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OP 

ALL  CLASSES. 

1 

Natl  ve  parentage. 

1 

Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 

FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 

NEGRO. 

coMMxrarrr. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

TotaL 

Illiterate. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

United  States 

TTrban 

71,580,270 
34,649,176 
36,831,095 

5,616,163 
1,788,132 
3,748,031 

7.7 
5.1 
10.1 

37,081,278 

14, 002, 647 
23,078,631 

1,S78,884 

130, 906 

1,247,978 

3.7 
0.9 
6.4 

13,908,063 

8,988,097 
4,919,966 

165,388 
60,994 
94,394 

1.1 

0.7 
1.9 

12,944,529 

9,331,994 
3,612,535 

1,650,361 

1, 172, 491 

477, 870 

12.7 
12.6 
13.2 

7,317,922 
2, 231, 353 
5, 086, 569 

2,227,731 

393, 273 

1,834,458 

30.4 
17.6 
36.1 

Rural 

New  England 

6,330,914 

4,434,412 

896,502 

15,446,515 
11,033,560 
4,412,965 

14,568,949 
7,831,690 
6,737,359 

9,097,311 
3,203,714 
5,893,597 

9,012,826 
2,493,359 
6,519,467 

6,178,578 
1,279,677 
4,808,901 

6,394,043 
1,662,545 
4,831,498 

2,064,249 

772,572 

1,281,677 

3,496,885 
2,037,766 
1,459,129 

280,806 
247,143 
33,663 

873,812 
644,618 
229,194 

491,850 
277,444 
214,406 

263,138 
86,958 
176,180 

1,444,294 

211,760 

1,232,534 

1,072,100 
122,477 
049,623 

846,604 
112,889 
732,716 

140,737 
23,962 
116,776 

103,822 
40,881 
62,941 

5.3 
6.6 
3.8 

6.7 
5.8 
5.2 

3.4 
3.5 
3.2 

2.9 
2.7 
3.0 

16.0 
8.5 
18.9 

17.4 
9.6 
19.4 

13.2 
7.2 
15.2 

6.9 
3.1 
9.1 

3.0 
2.0 
4.3 

2,136,801 

1,507,336 

628,465 

6,665,900 
3,663,762 
2,912,148 

7,370,025 
3,102,639 
4,267,486 

4,708,510 
1,558,468 
3,240,042 

5,397,864 
1,320,961 
4,076,903 

3,945,830 

670,026 

3,275,804 

4,101,610 

883,283 

3,218,227 

1,081,180 
384,424 
696,756 

1,684,658 
921,858 
762,800 

15,551 
7,918 
7,633 

76,908 
21,034 
54,874 

122,256 
27,193 
95,063 

81,362 
11,732 
60,630 

429,618 
29,111 
400,607 

378,088 

15,910 

362,178 

229,807 

12,088 

217,719 

39,263 
3,667 
36,686 

7,041 
2,353 
4,688 

0.7 
0.5 
1.2 

1.2 
0.6 
1.9 

1.7 
0.9 
2.2 

1.7 
0.8 
2.1 

8.0 
2.2 
9.8 

9.6 
2.4 
11.1 

5.6 
1.4 
6.8 

3.6 
0.9 
5.1 

0.4 
0.3 
0.6 

1,377,187 

1,248,177 

129,010 

3,851,367 

3,171,581 

679,786 

3,941,206 
2,400,758 
1,640,448 

2,482,634 

883,660 

1,698,974 

339,771 

244,266 

96,516 

184,771 
130,989 
53,782 

449,348 
190,471 
268,877 

461,408 
198,892 
262,516 

820,371 
619,314 
301,057 

17,606 
13,002 
4,604 

32,343 
19,556 
12,787 

36,800 
12,530 
23,279 

17,661 
4,626 
13,035 

4,191 
1,897 
2,294 

3,142 
1,057 
2,085 

34,737 

5,315 

29,422 

5,764 
1,380 
4,374 

4,145 
1,631 
2,514 

1.3 
1.0 
3.6 

0.8 
0.6 
1.9 

0.9 
0.5 
1.5 

0.7 
0.6 
0.8 

1.2 

0.8 
2.4 

1.7 
0.8 
3.9 

7.7 
2.8 
11.4 

1.2 
0.7 
1.7 

0.5 
0.3 
0.8 

1,757,244 

1,623,609 

133,636 

4,661,990 

3,910,013 

761,977 

2,985,823 

2,124,920 

860,903 

1,579,694 
616,718 
962,976 

280,387 
186,142 
96,245 

84,893 

66,769 
28,124 

330,431 
130,677 
199,754 

423,068 
168,430 
264,638 

840,999 
515,716 
325,283 

242,513 
222,030 
20,483 

735,244 
682,756 
152,488 

300,613 

217,771 

82,842 

120,573 
62,693 
67,880 

37,934 
21,611 
16,423 

8,216 
5,163 
3,062 

84,674 
23,415 
61,269 

62,950 
16,274 
36,676 

67,645 
30,878 
36,767 

13.8 
13.7 
15.3 

15.8 
14.9 
20.3 

10.1 
10.2 
9.6 

7.6 
8.5 
7.0 

13.6 
11.6 
17.2 

9.7 
9.1 
10.9 

26.  S 
17.9 
30.7 

12.5 
9.7 
14.4 

8.0 
6.0 
11.3 

56,321 

51,025 

4,296 

351,546 
288,414 
63,132 

254,545 
198,669 
66,876 

203,641 
141,823 
61,818 

2,986,936 

741,429 

2,245,507 

1,960,898 

421,629 

1,539,369 

1,460,705 

353,611 

1,107,094 

18,756 
13,605 
5,250 

25,575 
21,348 
4,227 

4,341 

3,614 

727 

27,811 
20,089 
7,722 

28,071 
19,229 
8,842 

30,  «6 
17,454 
12,982 

969, 432 
158,906 
810,526 

681,507 
100,257 
681,250 

483,022 
71,652 
411,370 

1,497 
939 
558 

1,614 

1,133 

481 

7.8 
7.1 
16.9 

7.9 
7.0 
12.2 

11.0 

9.7 
15.8 

14.9 
12.3 
21.0 

32  5 

Urban 

Rural 

Middle  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  Nokth  Cknteal  ... 
Urban 

Rural 

West  North  Central  . . . 
Urban 

Rural 

South  Atlantic 

Urban 

21  4 

Rural 

36  1 

East  South  Central 

Urban 

34.8 
23.8 

Rural 

37.8 

West  South  Central  . . . 
Urban ; 

33.1 
20  3 

Rural 

37  2 

Mountain 

8.0 

Urban 

7  0 

Rural 

10.6 

Pacific 

C.3 

Urban 

5.3 

Rural 

11.4 

PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 

Table  33  gives  a  statement  of  illiteracy  in  1910  and 
1900  by  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  for 
cities  having  a  population  of  100,000  or  more.  Some- 
what less  detailed  statistics  for  cities  having  from 
25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants  are  given  in  Table  34. 

Among  the  50  cities  having  100,000  inhabitants  or 
more  in  1910,  there  were  four  in  which  the  proportion 
of  illiterates  in  the  total  population  10  years  of  age  and 
over  was  less  than  2  per  cent  (Seattle,  1.1  per  cent; 
Portland,  Oreg.,  1.2  per  cent;  Spokane,  1.3  per  cent; 
and  Los  Angeles,  1.9  per  cent),  and  10  others  in  which 
the  proportion  of  illiterates  in  the  total  population  was 
between  2  and  3  per  cent.  The  two  cities  having  the 
largest  percentage  of  illiteracy  were  Fall  River  (13.2), 
where  the  high  average  was  due  to  the  large  proportion 
of  the  foreign  bom  in  the  population,  and  Birmingham 


(10.4) ,  where  the  high  average  was  due  to  the  large  pro- 
portion of  negroes.  The  differences  between  the  per- 
centages in  other  cities  were  Hkewise  due  in  large  part 
to  differences  in  the  proportions  of  foreign  born  or 
negroes ;  among  the  native  whites  there  was  relatively 
little  variation  in  the  percentage  of  illiteracy,  which 
was  uniformly  very  low. 

In  general,  the  proportion  of  illiterates  in  the  total 
population  of  these  50  cities  was  less  in  1910  than  in 
1900.  Eighteen  cities,  however — Albany,  Bridgeport, 
Chicago,  Denver,  Detroit,  Jersey  City,  Minneapolis, 
New  Haven,  Oakland,  Omaha,  Paterson,  Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh,  Providence,  Rochester,  Scranton,  Syra- 
cuse, and  Worcester — constituted  exceptions  to  this 
rule,  and  in  each  of  these  cities,  it  will  be  noted,  there 
was  a  considerable  increase  in  the  number  of  illiterates 
of  foreign  birth. 


250 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  OF  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE: 

1910  AND  1900. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  lOO.J 


Table  33 


ALL  CLASSES. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


NATIVE  'WTHTE. 


Native  parentage. 


1910 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmingham,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge.  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Indianapolis,  lud 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolte,  Minn . . . 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn. . . 
New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.Y 

Manhattan  Borough 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough . . 

Queens  Borough 

Rkhmond  Borough. 

Newark,  N.  J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa. » 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


2,762 
10,813 
20,325 
11,026 
24,468 

4,440 
12,745 

2,540 
79,911 

9,576 

20,676 
4,442 
2,224 
3,841 

18,731 

12,276 
2,271 

5,874 
11,797 
4,937 

5,258 
9,886 
5,172 
8,855 
10,765 

6,139 

7,947 
7,502 
18,987 

254,208 

161, MS 
13,783 
78,143 
8,374 
2,690 

16,553 
3,863 
2, 
6,927 

57,700 

26,627 
2,145 

14,236 
8,641 
6,916 

21,123 
3,751 
7,697 
8,933 
2,217 

1,123 

5,629 
3,809 
13,812 
5,977 


3.2 

8.6 
4.4 
10.4 
4.4 

5.4 
3.7 
3.0 
4.5 
3.1 

4.6 
2.9 
2.3 
2.1 
5.0 

13.2 
2.5 
3.0 
5.6 
2.3 

L9 
5.3 
6.0 
8.0 
3.6 


7.0 
6.9 

6.7 
8.0 

4-0 
6.1 
3.8 

3.9 

6.0 
3.0 
2.7 
6.9 
4.6 

6.2 
1.2 

7.7 
8.2 
3.8 

3.7 
2.1 

2.1 
8.9 
1.1 

1.3 

4.9 
2.8 
4.9 
5.0 


2,181 
11,406 
29,148 

5,"" 
23,320 

2, 
13, 152 

3,388 
51,142 


14,091 
3,290 
1,797 
1,979 
9,062 

12, 110 
2,136 
6,004 
7,171 
5,258 

1,956 
14,567 

6,843 
14,989 

8,243 

2,977 

9,460 

4,875 

30,820 

181,835 

132,977 

41,852 
6,171 
1,835 

11,715 
1,614 
1,662 
5,191 

45,546 

20,402 
3,925 

10,029 
9,501 
3,499 

20,359 
3,956 
8,960 
6,814 
901 

554 
2,800 
3,865 
20,028 
4,580 


2.8 
15.8 

7.2 
19.1 

5.1 

5.3 
4.8 
4.6 
3.9 
3.4 

4.7 
3.2 
2.6 
1.8 
4.1 

14.9 
3.1 
4.3 
4.5 
3.9 

2.3 


18.3 
3.8 

1 
14.4 

5.6 
13.6 


4.5 
3.6 

6.1 
2.9 
2.0 
6.3 
4.4 

5.8 
6.1 
7.0 
13.7 
2.7 

4.4 
3.1 
3.1 


1.8 
3.2 
3.7 
8.6 
4.9 


111 

1,522 

1,191 

626 

155 

47 
203 

28 

556 

1,175 

190 
1,210 
295 
199 
204 

97 

61 

1,163 

131 

550 


1,142 

46 

255 

70 

84 

898 

47 

1,056 

1,322 

473 
111 
535 
146 
58 

222 
90 
92 

201 
2,219 

429 
96 
156 
703 
146 

1,112 
55 
194 

174 


47 
204 
462 
797 

82 


0.3 
2.1 
0.6 
1.2 
0.1 

0.2! 
0.2| 
0.1 
0.2 
l.Oj 

0.2 
1.31 
0.5| 
0.2; 
0.2 

0.9 
0.2 
0.9 
0.2 
0.4 

0.2 
1.3 
0.3 
0.5 
0.1 

0.1 
1.8 
0.2 
1.0 

0.2 

0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.3 

0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.9 
0.5 

0.3 
0.1 
0.3 
1.3 
0.2 

0.6 
0.1 
0.2 
0.6 
0.1 

0.1 
0.4 
0.8 
0.6 
0.2 


144 

1,049 

2,351 

187 

165 

47 
255 

32 
442 
590 

177 
770 
362 
100 
165 

118 

98 

1,057 

89 

544 

262 
1,253 

75 
246 

62 

77 
1,020 

57 
1,419 

1,367 

►  691 

694 
102 


192 

27 

78 

266 

2,108 

518 
37 
180 
611 
94 

1,348 
54 
127 
195 

47 

7 
238 
461 
975 

84 


0.5 
2.8 
1.3 
1.4 
0.1 

0.3 
0.4 
0.2 
0.2 
0.8 

0.3 
1.3 
1.0 
0.2 
0.4 

1.1 
0.4 
1.4 
0.2 
0.7 

0.6 

1 

0.4 

0.9 

0.2 

0.2 
3.2 
0.2 
2.1 

0.3  4,391 

"■^\    S04\ 

'   1,84S 

264 

111 


163 
23 

664 
40 

363 

94 

622 

46 

1,704 


403 
266 
105 
143 
707 


84 
194 
436 
137 

217 
451 
194 
27 
384 

214 
33 

126 

782 


0.3 
0.4 
0.6 


0.4 
0.1 
0.2 
1.5 
0.5 

0.5 

0.1 

0.4 

1 

0.2 

1.0 
0.2 
0.2 
1.0 
0.1 


0.7 
1.2 
0.9 
0.3 


553 

245 

92 

226 

2,257 

780 
84 

551 
36 


1,196 
156 
243 
452 

47 

17 
190 
281 
163 
209 


0.5 
0.5 
0.6 
0.7 
0.2 

0.4 
0.5 
0.2 
0.3 
0.5 

0.3 
0.9 
0.5 
0.3 
0.5 

2.0 
0.3 
0.5 
0.6 
0.4 

0.4 
1.0 
0.7 
0.3 
0.3 

0.2 
0.5 
0.4 
1.2 

0.4 

0.4 
0.2 
0.4 
0.3 
0.5 

0.6 
0.6 
0.3 
0.7 
0.6 

0.6 
0.2 
1.0 
0.6 
0.3 

0.6 
0.2 
0.2 
1.2 
0.1 

0.1 
0.5 
0.6 
0.4 
0.6 


212 

30 

1,175 

25 

412 

92 
654 
100 
1,339 
672 

391 
295 
157 
74 
499 

541 
114 
306' 

246! 

1481 

142 
613 
328' 
66j 
436 

166 

80 

86 

1,310; 

3,977 

]S,140 

1,566 

194 

77 

546 
58 
52 

316 
1,971 

959 
39 

569 
53 

202 


176 
261 
643 
34 

11 
213 
357 
163 
383 


0.7 
0.9 
1.2 
1.2 
0.3 

0.6 
0.6 
0.5 
0.3 
0.6 

0.4 
1.2 
0.8 
0.3 
0.6 

2.4 
0.5 
1.0 
0.4 
0.6 

0.7 
1.3 
1.6! 
0.8[ 
0.4! 

(la! 

1.3i 

0.3' 
2.0 


2,440 
250 

8,952 

829 

23,371 

4,235 
11,838 

2,241 
75,802 

5,296 

19,721 
1,994 
1,423 
3,076 

17,633 

11,510 
2,088 
2,191 

10,952 
2,192 

4,101 
1,627 
4,928 
622 
10,274 

5,760 

205 

7.179 

3,504 


0.5i  245,095 
(,  .1(148,871 
"•■*\  13.158 
0.6  74,799 
0.6  7,819 
0.5 


0.8 
0.3 
0.2 
1.2 
0.7 

0.8 
0.2 
1.4 
1.1 
0.4 

0.9 
0.4 
0.2 
2.1 
0.2 

0.2 
0.7 
1.0 
0.5 
1.4 


15,131 
3,000 
2,352 
6,333 

47,467 

23,984 
1,674 
13,039 

283 
6,557 

13,899 
3,459 
5,987 
8,289 
1,' 

898 
5,179 
2,990 
1,944 
5,641 


13.8 
5.9 
12.0 
15.1 
10.0 

12.1 
10.3 


10.5 
12.6 
10.6 
8.1 
I1.7 

23.5 
7.6 
11.3 
14.5 


7.0 
9.5 
11.7 
9.9 
9.5 

6.8 
7.0 
17.4 
12.9 

13.2 

13.8 
9.1 
13.6 
10.1 
10.4 

14.2 
8.3 
8.9 
14.5 
12.9 

17.5 
3.9 

17.6 
7.1 

11.5 

11.4 
6.3 
4.7 

24.3 
3.1 

4.4 
17.3 
9.6 
8.2 
12.0 


1,755 

208 

8,585 

241 

21,557 

2,727 
12,142 

2,900 
47,088 

5,114 

13,004 
1,109 
918 
1,396 
8,119 

11,403 
1,873 
1,882 
6,518 
1,593 

938 
2,304 
6,412 

561 
7,695 

2,641 

295 

4,465 

5,333 

170,638 

>m,897 

37,648 
4.664 
1, 

10,218 
1, 
1,189 
4,346 

35,025 

16,468 
733 

8,607 
249 

3,174 

10,764 
3,570 
5,743 
5,930 
402 

397 
2,264 
2,879 
1,342 
4,009 


10.0 
8.6 
12.9 
13.9 
11.3 

12.6 
12.0 
9.9 
8.2 


10.7 
9.1 
9.3 
5.7 


24.1 
8.0 
11.1 
11.4 


5.3 

10.8 
16.3 
11.3 


14.9 
18.3 

13.9 

15.6 

10.9 
10.3 


14.7 
7.9 
5.1 
11.6 
12.1 

14.6 
4.2 

16.0 
8.9 
7.9 


7.7 
5.6 
20.9 
2.2 

5 

9.7 
10.6 

7.0 
11.0 


39 

9,005 

9,438 

9,528 

420 

58 

65 

213 

1,595 

2,503 

306 
962 
392 
291 
176 


2,316 

240 

2,038 


6,662 

3 

7,932 

26 


6,810 

137 

13,541 


/  i,711 

\      181 

806 

135 


589 
87 
249 
146 
5,595 

1,409 

18 

434 

7,615 
11 

4,799 
66 
76 
16 
57 

16 
60 
71 
10,814 
36 


4.2 
20.9 
13.2 
22.1 

3.5 

6.2 
4.1 
6.6 
4.0 
14.3 

4.1 
8.7 
9.5 
6.0 
3.5 

8.1 

4.8 
12.4 
4.9 


6.0 
18.7 

2.7 
17.6 

2.9 

2.9 
22.0 

4.6 
18.3 

3.6 

3.2 
5.3 


..  7.5 
3.3 
6.3 
11.3 

7.8 


1.9 

9.7 

19.6 

1.4 

12.4 
2.3 
5.1 
3.3 
2.7 

2.4 
5.1 
4.3 
13.5 
3.5 


10,099 
16,846 
5,532 

786 

123 
81 

337 
2,014 
2,468 

487 
1,109 
354 
339 
278 

32 

45 

2,745 

244 

2,958 

273 

10,397 

9 

14,106 

47 

83 

8,059 

248 

22,586 

4,362 

1,734 
288 
116 

708 
50 
315 
213 
5,883 

2,437 
33 
634 

8,572 
29 

6,516 
145 
92 
41 
20 

19 

77 

155 

17,462 

75 


6.5 
35.1 
25.7 
40.3 

7.9 

12.6 
6.4 
ILO 

7.5 
19.8 

9.4 
15.9 
12.4 
10.0 

8.0 

11.1 
8.5 

20.3 
7.9 

19.5 

15.9 
31.1 

7.6 
35.1 

6.1 

6.3 

32.4 
10.3 
36.1 

8.3 


11.  t 
13.  g 
IS.S 

12.8 
6.6 
10.6 
2L7 
11.1 

14.4 
4.6 
15.9 
32.2 
5.7 

2L3 
7.3 
6.4 
9.5 
5.5 

6.7 

8.3 
10.5 
24.3 

8.2 


^  Includes  population  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 


ILLITERACY. 


251 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  AND  ILLITERATE  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE 
AND  OVER,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910  AND  1900. 

(Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  ICX).] 


arable  34 


Alabama 


Mobile 

Montgomery. 


Arkansas 


Little  Rock. 


California 


Berkeley 

Pasadena . . . 
Sacramento . 
San  Diego. . . 
San  Jose 


Colorado 


Colorado  Springs. 
Pueblo 


Connecticut 

Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Meriden  city 

New  Britain 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 


Delaware 


Wilmington. 


Florida 


Jacksonville . 
Tampa 


Georgia 


Augusta . . 

Macon 

Savaimah . 


Illinois 


Aurora 

Bloomington . . 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis. 

Elgin 

Johet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 


Indiana 


Evansville.. 
Fort  Wayne. 
South  Bend. 
Terre  Haute. 


Iowa 


Cedar  Rapids. 

CUnton 

CouncQ  Bluffs. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


Kentucky 


Covington . 
Lexington. 
Newport . . 


Shreveport. 


Lewiston. 
Portland. 


Louisiana 


Maine 


lUJTER.^TES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  TEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


All  classes. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


5,195 
4,223 


2,456 


475 
319 
534 
545 
781 


221 
2,023 


4,030 
1,085 
958 
3,174 
1,528 
1,381 
1,199 
3,657 


3,829 
2,203 


3,718 
3,411 
7,795 


494 
280 
544 
330 

2,614 
615 

1,619 
724 
552 
761 

1,981 


1,938 
1,152 
1,405 


375 
665 
382 
1,395 
275 
691 
311 


2,576 
935 
641 


1,077 

3,766 

452 


3,604 


1,777 
1,393 


Per 
cent. 


12.3 
13.4 


6.5 


1.4 

1.2 
1.4 
1.6 
3.2 


0.9 
6.6 


5.0 
4.2 

a 

6.6 
6.0 

e.s 

6.2 


6.6 


7.9 

7.6 


10.9 
10.3 
14.6 


2.0 
1.2 
2.4 
1.3 
6.5 
2.8 
5.8 
1.3 
1.8 
2.0 
4.7 


3.4 
2.2 
3.3 
1.7 


1.4 
1.8 
2.8 
1.1 
2.0 
0.9 
1.7 
1.4 


3.9 
2.6 
1.6 


2.5 
12.5 
L8 


15.8 


8.4 
2.8 


1900 


Ntim- 
l)er. 


6,493 
6,478 


3,863 


847 


1,209 
3,511 


1,672 


2,036 
5,061 
3,204 


6,879 


8,368 


1,660 


1,466 
1,020 
1,111 
503 
1,214 


2,790 

653 

1,197 

1,104 


434 
'462 


1,003 
535 
350 


2,237 
1,101 


1,526 

3,128 

641 


1,591 


Per 
cent. 


20.8 
26.7 


12.5 


3.4 


6.4 
6.4 


Native  white:  1910 


7.8 


6.7 


21.7 


19.0 


6.7 


6.4 
2.2 
3.8 
2.0 
4.4 


5.9 
1.8 
4.3 
3.7 


2.1 


2.3 
1.7 
2.0 
1.8 
1.4 


5.6 
4.0 


4.5 
14.1 
2.8 


Native 
parentage. 


Num-     Per 
ber.     cent. 


162 
131 


429 


38 
188 


219 


563 
403 
168 


23 
62 
219 
111 
166 
32 
19 
120 
106 
9 
195 


475 
696 
111 
376 


63 
33 
75 
29 
254 
24 
34 
39 


170 

95 
165 


253 
923 
107 


LO 
LO 


2.2 


(») 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.4 


0.2 
0.9 


0.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.2 
0.4 
0.4 
O.S 
0.2 


Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


0.6 

101 

0.4 

5 

0.7 

81 

3.6 

12 

2.4 

4 

LO 

26 

0.2 

22 

0.5 

18 

1.4 

36 

0.6 

19 

0.7 

80 

0.4 

40 

0.3 

40 

0.4 

77 

0.7 

62 

0.1 

13 

0.9 

88 

1.5 

182 

2.1 

137 

0.6 

69 

1.1 

60 

0.4 

29 

0.4 

31 

0.6 

22 

0.2 

36 

0.6 

72 

0.2 

44 

0.2 

31 

0.3 

19 

0.5 

79 

0.4 

28 

0.5 

20 

1.1 

94 

5.2 

11 

0.9 

60 

ae 

6 

0.6 

203 

0.2 

40 

0.3 
0.1 


0.6 


0.1 
0.4 
0.2 
0.6 
0.4 


0.2 
0.7 


0.3 
0.4 
O.i 
0.4 
0.7 
0.6 
O.B 
0.4 


0.7 


0.2 
2.5 


0.7 
0.4 
0.6 


0.3 
0.3 
0.9 
0.4 
0.8 
0.5 
0.4 
0.4 
0.5 
0.1 
0.8 


1.2 

0.8 
0.6 
0.7 


0.4 
0.4 
0.4 
0.3 
0.5 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 


0.7 
0.5 
0.3 


0.7 
0.6 
0.6 


0.5 


3.7 
0.4 


Foreign-bom 

white: 

1910 


Num- 
ber. 


58 


394 
159 
373 
412 
638 


105 
1,629 


3,818 
L035 
917 
3,120 
1,371 
1,310 
1,147 
3,429 


2.905 


81 
L206 


30 
66 
211 


427 
120 
116 
139 

1,660 
616 

1,514 
423 
188 
729 

1,340 


271 

383 

1,201 

216 


295 
284 
422 
261 
852 
206 
622 
250 


1,549 
417 
304 


209 
87 
227 


172 


1,523 
1,291 


Per 

cent. 


4.5 
4.4 


3.0 


6.3 
3.8 
4.3 

6.8 

n.2 


3.6 
20.0 


12.6 
11.3 
It. 7 
17.8 
16.9 
15.4 

le.i 

13.9 


21.8 


3.3 
13.1 


3.4 
10.0 
6.6 


6.6 
3.6 
5.8 
6.0 

18.3 
9.2 

14.9 
4.9 
6.2 
6.4 

20.1 


6.1 
5.4 
9.4 
5.8 


6.7 
5.9 
10.1 
3.3 
8.4 
3.4 
6.1 
9.5 


15.4 
10.4 
10.9 


5.3 
9.4 


17.6 


17.1 
11.0 


Negro: 
1910 


Num- 
ber. 


4,913 
4,059 


1,943 


65 
137 


1,457 


Per 

cent. 


25.9 
25.1 


3.8 
6.0 
5.5 
9.6 
2.5 


6.9 
10.6 


4.8 
2.7 
t.7 


12.3 
4.5 
S.9 
5.2 


18.7 


ILUTERATES  AMONG  HAUES  21 
YEAEa  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


3,654 

14.7 

850 

11.5 

3,110 

19.9 

2,938 

19.6 

7,387 

26.5 

22 

8.8 

60 

8.8 

166 

13.5 

57 

8.6 

715 

14.6 

24 

16.3 

46 

10.6 

99 

7.2 

191 

13.7 

9 

5.1 

350 

13.9 

1,010 

18.7 

35 

7.0 

18 

3.5 

152 

6.9 

12 

6.5 

27 

8.9 

36 

12.4 

56 

11.4 

217 

8.8 

1 

1 

0.4 

3 

775 

10.0 

395 

10.4 

149 

7.3 

520 

20.7 

2,743 

28.6 

58 

12.2 

3,362 

29.7 

6 

7 

2.9 

1910 


Num- 
ber. 


1,748 
1,267 


250 
160 
264 
268 
371 


91 
1,192 


1,566 
431 
S68 

1,272 
593 
515 
473 

1,643 


2,191 


1,366 
643 


1,182 
1,148 
2,610 


245 
103 
227 
142 
1,493 
242 


360 


827 
399 
605 
341 


181 
446 
165 


365 
169 


L209 
408 
372 


L116 


798 
588 


Per 
cent. 


11.6 
11.7 


6.3 


2.0 
1.7 
1.4 
1.8 
3.8 


1.0 
7.1 


5.0 
4.6 
4.6 
9.1 
7.2 
5.8 


7.0 
5.5 


9.9 
9.9 
12.8 


2.5 
1.3 
2.7 
1.5 
7.1 
3.1 
8.4 
1.2 
1.7 
2.4 
5.6 


3.9 
2.0 
3.7 

1.8 


1.6 
2.2 
4.7 
1.2 
2.2 
0.8 
2.2 
1.9 


4.6 
2.9 
2.1 


2.8 
14.9 
1.9 


12.9 


11.0 
3.2 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


2,191 
1,790 


1^416 


61 

57 
548 
150 
364 


1,484 
369 
SIS 
668 
579 
336 
S09 
923 


2,170 


992 
519 


2,032 
1,339 
2,628 


326 
251 
203 
134 
700 
270 
728 
413 
391 
129 
465 


L180 
248 
536 
446 


114 
201 
194 
164 
445 
156 
117 
35 


940 
445 
123 


594 

1,095 

212 


977 


L038 
597 


252 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  AND  ILLITERATE  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE 
AND  OVER,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 

[Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


Table  34— Continued. 

ILUTERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF 

> 

AGE  AND  OVEE. 

ILUTERATES  AMONG  MALES  21 
YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 

All  classes. 

Native  white:  1910 

Forcign-bom 
white: 
1910 

Negro: 
1910 

1910 

19W 

CITY. 

1910 

1900 

Native 
parentage. 

Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 

» 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Kassachusettt! 
Brockton 

1,222 

240 

2,085 

1,356 

433 

1,897 

1,444 

3,108 

9,067 

2,261 

774 

9,350 

1,231 

963 

621 

2,083 

1,232 

3,311 

2,601 

773 

136 
1,269 
381 
568 
597 
403 
1,267 

1,720 

435 

1,534 

689 

647 

1,298 
1,085 

3,374 
1,447 

1,767 
3,757 
3,314 

367 
3,943 
2,533 
1,535 
6,684 
2,368 
4,633 

678 

2,654 

1,322 

1,151 

793 

684 

924 

1,015 

1,505 

691 

1,425 

649 

3,148 

1,279 

5,044 

1,037 

5,311 

2,675 
3,061 

2.6 
1.0 
8.1 
7.0 
1.6 
6.3 
4.0 
6.8 

13.2 
3.0 
2.2 

12.1 
3.7 
3.6 
2.4 
6.0 
1.9 
4.5 
9.4 
3.3 

0.6 
3.6 
1.2 
2.1 
1.8 
1.5 
3.1 

2.7 

1.7 
2.4 
2.4 

1.7 

3.6 
5.3 

5.9 
6.8 

4.5 
9.1 
4.4 
1.3 
6.9 
4.5 
6.6 
15.8 
9.9 
5.9 
2.4 

10.3 
4.5 
2.8 
2.5 
2.6 
4.3 
4.1 
6.5 
3.0 
5.8 
2.8 
5.4 
2.0 
8.2 
4.6 
8.4 

10.1 
14.9 

1,033 

3.2 

28 
7 
26 
8 
10 
26 
34 
35 
36 
49 
13 
90 
17 
19 
13 
21 
20 
75 
89 
121 

39 
75 
54 
42 
129 
37 
65 

27 

306 
403 
391 

12 

65 
16 

41 
30 

115 
20 

249 
21 
50 
14 
19 
20 

■  9 

296 
7 

29 
21 
111 
51 
11 
93 
7 
16 
29 
16 
54 
68 
68 
88 
76 
34 

378 
302 

0.1 
0.1 
0.4 
0.2 
0.1 
0.3 
0.2 
0.5 
0.4 
0.2 
0.1 
0.6 
0.1 
0.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.3 
0.9 
1.4 

0.3 
0.9 
0.3 
0.3 
0.7 
0.2 
0.5 

0.2 

1.4 
1.0 
1.7 

0.1 

0.3 
0.3 

0.3 
0.4 

0.6 
0.3 
0.6 
0.1 
0.3 
0.1 
0.3 
0.4 
0.2 
0.9 
0.2 

0.3 
0.2 
0.4 
0.3 
0.1 
0.8 
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.3 
0.4 
0.3 
0.3 
0.4 
0.7 
0.2 

2.3 
3.1 

30 
12 
26 
47 
18 
94 
49 
155 
179 
63 
16 
297 
14 
61 
30 
84 
27 
166 
101 
106 

9 
232 
16 
22 
63 
27 
113 

59 

20 
86 
22 

22 

20 
20 

186 
64 

29 
63 

109 
18 

103 
95 
49 
84 
37 

199 
28 

30 
38 
29 
34 
14 
56 
12 
14 
30 
13 
33 
81 
110 
112 
88 
76 

3 
11 

0.2 
0.2 
0.4 
0.8 
0.2 
1.1 
0.6 
0.9 
0.9 
0.3 
0.1 
1.6 
0.2 
0.6 
0.4 
0.8 
0.1 
0.8 
1.2 
1.6 

0.2 
1.6 
0.2 
0.3 
0.8 
0.4 
0.7 

0.3 

0.9 
0.7 
0.7 

0.2 

0.3 
0.3 

1.2 
1.2 

0.5 
0.5 
0.7 
0.3 
0.6 
0.6 
0.7 
1.0 
0.6 
1.0 
0.3 

0.6 
0.4 
0.4 
0.4 
0.2 
0.9 
0.2 
0.2 
0.4 
0.2 
0.6 
0.6 
0.6 
0.6 
1.6 

a4 

0.7 
1.7 

1,141 

217 

2,018 

1,300 

387 

1,773 

1,342 

2,912 

8,778 

2,102 

709 

8,423 

1;159 

882 
572 
1,961 
1,163 
3,016 
2,337 
537 

68 
957 
303 
469 
372 
318 
1,071 

1,625 

26 
561 
27 

469 

1,177 
1,001 

3,145 
1,353 

936 
3,634 
2,241 

210 
3,686 
2,420 
1,311 
6,523 
2,313 
3,879 

633 

2,589 

1,250 

990 

661 

658 

730 

950 

l,a33 

611 

1,370 

543 

2,968 

1,074 

4,821 

869 

5,097 

23 
27 

7.6 

2.6 
15.5 
13.4 

4.1 
13.4 
12.3 
13.0 
22.2 

7.9 

5.4 
20.8 
10.6 
13.6 

5.5 
16.0 
5.  7 
13.5 
24.6 

7.2 

2.7 
8.9 
4.8 
11.1 
5.7 
8.2 
9.4 

5.4 

2.9 
7.1 
2.4 

3.7 

17.6 
13.3 

11.1 
15.7 

15.1 
18.4 
14.7 

3.7 
16.0 

9.1 
16.6 
23.8 
16.8 
15.3 

4.8 

25.0 

16.8 
13.8 
12.8 

6.4 
22.0 
12.3 
15.8 
12.9 
11.8 
12.3 
16.5 

7.1 
23.4 
14.4 
19.7 

5.2 
6,2 

16 
1 
9 

3.8 
0.6 
4.4 

543 

76 

790 

599 

181 

836 

649 

1,.305 

3,852 

1,000 

225 

4,085 

572 

447 

280 

1,015 

538 

1,434 

1,267 

279 

72 
569 
239 
320 
266 
205 
649 

948 

159 
727 
265 

268 

458 
630 

1,434 
620 

748 
1,852 
i;478 

108 
1,937 
1,106 

654 
2,241 
1,161 
2,187 

222 

1,164 
615 
435 
345 
316 
403 
432 
707 
300 
825 
264 

1,684 
475 

2,146 
589 

2,491 

S48 
937 

3.0 
1.0 
7.8 
8.5 
1.9 
7.6 
4.8 
8.4 

14.8 
3.4 
1.8 

14.5 
6.3 
4.4 
2.9 
8.0 
2.4 
5.2 

12.4 
3.5 

0.9 
4.5 
1.6 
3.0 
2.1 
1.9 
3.6 

3.2 

1.6 

2.8 
2.5 

1.7 

3.3 
7.3 

7.3 
8.0 

4.8 
11.3 
5.1 
1.1 
8.6 
5.0 
7.7 
15.0 
11.6 
7.0 
2.2 

12.3 
5.1 
2.8 
2.0 
3.2 
5.3 
4.9 
7.9 
3.6 
8.0 
3.0 
6.7 
2.1 
9.6 
6.9 

10.6 

9.4 
13.1 

424 

62 

488 

1,082 
126 
699 
576 

1,508 

1,601 
586 
226 

2,264 
344 
300 
262 
861 
490 
874 
758 
333 

36 
543 

73 
173 
169 
165 
410 

721 

195 
712 
267 

339 

207 
205 

1,693 
982 

455 
919 
967 
92 

1,274 
598 
650 

1,011 
910 

1,698 
114 

403 
326 
264 
387 
62 
491 
406 
398 
205 
410 
278 
656 
895 
1,025 
304 
709 

700 
968 

3.4 

Brookline  town 

1.2 

Chelsea 

1,329 

4.9 

4  8 

Chieopee 

19  4 

Everett 

17 

2.7 

1.8 

Fitchburg 

1,610 
1,540 
4,001 
4,191 
1,540 

664 
6,055 

832 

6.5 
5.1 

11.4 
8.4 
2.7 
2.4 

12.2 
3.0 

7.7 

Haverhill 

16 

1 

62 

36 

30 

532 

35 

8 

1 

4 

12 

58 

72 

6 

20 
6 
3 
28 
29 
21 
16 

3 

82 
480 
248 

10 

36 
46 

1 

4.8 

*'27.'7* 
6.2 
7.9 
23.7 
8.9 
3.1 

■"2.1" 
6.6 
4.6 
33.3 

4.1 
3.7 
0.9 
8.7 
5.0 
7.0 
5.7 

0.8 

11.7 

12.9 

•  14.9 

4.5 

5.6 
7.6 

5.2 

Holyoke 

12  8 

Lawrence 

9  0 

Lynn 

2.7 

Maiden 

2.4 

New  Bedford 

13.2 

Newton 

3.7 

Pittsfleld 

4.8^ 

Ouinc  V 

3.8 

Salem 

2,121 
1,318 
2,127 
1,788 

7.4 
2.7 
4.2 
7.1 

8.5 

Somerville 

2.7 

Springfield 

4.7 

rTaunton ■ 

8.2 

Waltham 

5.0 

Michi^n 
Battle  Creek 

0.6 

Bay  City 

1,265 

6.9 

7.5^ 

Flint 

1.8- 

Jackson 

366 

1.7 

2.1 

Kalamazoo 

2.3 

Lansing 

3.5 

1,028 

1,495 

516 
1,742 

3.0 

3.7 

2.5 
2.1 

3.6- 

mnnesota 
Duluth 

3.» 

Hissonrl 
Joplin 

2.$ 

St.  Joseph 

2.1 

Springfield 

4.1 

Montana 
Butte 

692 

607 

475 

4,055 

2.4 

1.9 
2.4 

8.9 

2.6- 

L7- 

South  Omaha 

2.1 

Kew  Hampshire 

10. » 

Nashua 

14.6- 

New  Jersey 
Atlantic  City 

1,145 
2,092 
2,414 

4.9 
8.7 
4.0 

... 

670 

34 

701 

117 

93 

1 

155 

54 

9 

244 

3 

4 
13 
21 
44 

1 
45 
46 
134 
19 
25 
19 

8 
26 
23 

4 
90 

2,269 
2,717 

7.6 
7.8 

14.0 
7.4 
8.4 
0.9 
7.6 

11.9 
7.0 

10.7 

"""2."  9' 
3.7 
9.6 

■■■g.o" 

6.1 
9.3 
3.6 
10.5 
3.2 
3.3 
4.5 
7.5 

'"'7.0" 

24.4 
28.2 

4.9 

9.9 

Camden 

4.3 

1.6. 

Elizabeth 

2,542 
1,607 

6.4 
3.5 

8.4 
3.6 

Orange 

9.8 

3,225 

14.9 

13.4 

Perth  Amboy 

15.7 

3,855 

6.6 

7.7- 

West  Hoboken  town 

1.8- 

New  York 

6.r 

Auburn 

723 
712 
942 

2.8 
2.1 
3.1 

3.2- 

Bingham  ton 

2.2 

Elmira 

3.4 

0.9- 

Kingston 

7.2^ 

7.1 

New  Rochelle 

8.9" 

2.9 

6.3 

Poughkeepsie 

3.9^ 

Schenectady 

1,265 
2,301 
2,471 

4.9 
4.6 
6.4 

5.9 

Troy 

6.3 

6.* 

Watertown 

4.5. 

1,698 

4.6 

6.3! 

Charlotte 

15.4 

Wilmington 



18.0 

ILLITERACY. 


253 


ILLITERATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  AND  ILLITERATE  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE 
AND  OVER,  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 

[Percent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100.] 


-Table  34— Continued. 


Ohio 


Akron 

Canton 

Hamilton.... 

iima 

Ix)rain 

Newark 

Springfield . . 
Yoimgstown . 
Zanesville 


Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City . 


ILLITEBATES  IN  THE  POPULATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


All  classes. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


Pennsylvania 

Allentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazlcton 

Johnstown 

liancaster 

McKeesport 

New  Castle. 

Norristown  borough 

Heading 

Shenandoah  borough 

Wilkes- Barre 

Williamsport 

York 


Bhode  Island 


Newport 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town. 
Woonsocket 


South  Carolina 


Charleston . 
Columbia.. 


Tennessee 


Chattanooga . 
Knoxville 


Texas 


Austin 

DaUas 

EI  Paso 

Fort  Worth.. 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio. 
Waco 


Utah 

Salt  Lake  Citv. 

Lynchburg. 

Virginia 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Eoanoke... 

Washington 

West  Virginia 


Huntington. 
Wheeling . . . 


Wisconsin 


Oreen  Bay. 
La  Crosse . . 

Madison 

Oshkosh... 

Racine 

Sheboygan. 
Superior... 


1,706 

1,431 
386 
368 

1,228 
205 
827 

4,513 
507 


870 
735 


1,241 
1,307 
2,085 

609 
1,979 
1,338 
1,913 
3,912 

666 
1,336 
1,834 
2,057 
2,367 
4,445 
3,609 

364 
1,000 


653 
2,256 
2,244 
2,703 


7,326 
3,723 


3,665 
1,942 


1,904 
3,042 
4,085 
2,289 
1,550 
4,161 
7,788 
1,075 


299 
1,148 


2,195 
4,966 
2,617 
1,911 


1,255 


1,271 
1,082 


1,123 
637 
343 
7U 

1,127 
672 
850 


Per 
cent. 


3.0 
3.4 
1.3 
1.6 
5.6 
1.3 
2.1 
7.1 
2.2 


4.2 
1.4 


3.0 
3.1 
6.6 
2.6 
3.7 
2.5 

10.0 
9.0 
1.7 
4.1 
6.4 
8.8 
3.0 

23.7 
6.9 
1.4 
2.7 


2.9 
5.4 
10.6 
9,1 


15.3 
17.4 


9.9 
6.6 


4.0 
13.3 
3.8 
5.1 
6.4 
10.1 
5.1 


1.6 
1.6 


9.3 
9.0 


1.8 


6.1 
3.2 


5.7 
2.5 
1.6 
2.7 
3.6 
3.2 
2.7 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


719 
462 


1,239 
2,759 


1,059 
628 

1,869 
459 

1,270 

1,4C3 


2,533 
798 

1,918 
861 

9.3 
2.4 
7.6 
3.9 

2,565 

4.1 

2,438 
625 
949 


1,947 
"3,384 

7,763 


3,816 
3,040 


2,477 


1,113 
2,250 
4,137 
4,244 


649 


6,925 


874 


1,174 


699 
960 


778 


Per 
cent. 


2.1 
1.9 


3.9 
7.9 


3.7 
2.1 
0.9 
2.2 
3.1 
3.6 


6.2 
2.7 
3.6 


6.2 

ih'.h 


17.4 


15.5 
11.6 


7.2 


5.3 

7.5 

11.4 

10.2 


1.6 


1&4 


2.9 


3.2 
4.3 


Native  white:  1910 


Native 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


115 
79 

146 

175 

7 

80 

139 
55 

156 


84 
100 


240 

89 

132 

63 

341 

67 

180 

270 

49 

70 

529 

658 

76 

122 

111 

640 


173 
626 


467 
960 


333 
329 
268 
268 

70 
177 
918 

79 


161 
368 
151 
400 


36 


Per 
cent. 


Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


0.4 
0.3 
0.9 
0.9 
0.1 
0.5 
0.6 
0.3 
0.9 


0.7 
0.3 


1.0 
0.8 
0.6 
0.8 
0.3 
0.8 
1.1 
0.9 
0.9 
0.5 
0.5 
3.7 
1.1 
2.6 
0.7 
0.6 
2.1 


0.2 
0.7 
1.0 
0.9 


1.1 

5.7 


2.6 

4.6 


2.6 
0.7 
2.2 
0.7 
0.7 
0.6 
2.7 
0.6 


0.2 
0.3 


1.1 
1.3 
1.0 
2.0 


0.1 


4.6 
0.9 


1.3 
0.2 
(') 

a.  4 

0.1 
0.1 
0.1 


36 

59 

49 

34 

101 

62 

146 

112 

72 

34 

32 

216 

85 

137 

180 

20 

64 


82 
31 

237 
45 
82 

115 

1,304 

13 


Per 
cent. 


29 


16 


365 
50 
15 
38 
36 
35 
31 


0.4 
0.6 
0.3 
0.6 
0.3 
0.4 
0.4 
0.5 
0.9 


0.2 
0.3 


0.7 
0.9 
0.7 
0.9 
0.6 
1.1 
2.0 
1.3 
1.1 
0.4 
0.6 
4.9 
1.0 
2.5 
1.0 
0.4 
2.2 


0.3 
1.4 

4.6 
2.8 


0.3 
2.1 


0.4 
0.9 


2.6 
0.4 
5.3 
1.0 
1.0 
1.2 
7.3 
0.7 


0.3 
0.2 


0.8 
0.4 
0.5 
0.9 


0.2 


1.6 
0.9 


3.6 
0.4 
0.2 
0.3 
0.3 
0.4 
0.3 


Foreign-bom 

white: 

1910 


Num- 
ber. 


1,487 

1,292 
155 
123 

1,200 
148 
302 

4,272 
216 


16 
245 


904 

990 
1,392 

433 
1,796 

499 
1,700 
3,591 

230 
1,210 
1,678 
1,1S3 
1,699 
4,231 
3,261 

178 

181 


532 
1,957 
1,888 
2,379 


160 
36 


356 
310 

3,432 
637 
519 
549 

4,387 
128 


64 
426 
135 

62 


1,080 


23 
735 


676 
571 
305 
646 
1,081 
633 


Per 
cent. 


n.6 

15.4 
4.8 
7.8 

11.5 
7.4 
9.7 

17.8 

13.7 


3.0 
7.7 


14.9 
19.8 
21.5 
14.4 
12.4 
12.6 
29.1 
24.4 
7.3 
9.9 
20.1 
30.5 
18.8 
41.6 
20.9 
7.8 
11.7 


8.6 
11.3 
21.8 
15.3 


6.3 
8.4 


4.7 


14.8 
6.1 
27.0 
15.6 
8.7 
8.9 
27.0 
10.1 


5.0 
4.4 


14.5 

12.5 

12.5 

7.0 


5.2 


4.6 
13.8 


16.9 
9.5 
7.5 
8.9 
8.9 
7.6 
5.9 


Negro: 
1910 


Num- 
ber. 


50 
5 

62 

45 
7 

21 
352 

94 


763 
363 


3 

15 

552 
9 
18 

444 
1 
19 
92 
43 
48 

128 
23 
1 
46 
65 

115 


6,988 
3,050 


3,104 
932 


1,131 
2,370 

116 
1,329 

845 
3,318 
1,174 

844 


1,964 
4,148 
2,317 
1,451 


25 


240 
95 


Per 
cent. 


8.9 
2.0 
10.2 
5.6 
2.3 
7.1 
8.5 
5.8 
8.7 


12.1 

6.7 


2.6 
3.8 

13.8 
3.8 
6.0 

11.5 


5.0 
13.1 

6.7 
10.8 
15.8 

3.4 


8.1 
7.0 

n.6 


5.8 
5.8 
9.0 


ILUTERATES  AMONG  MALES  21 
YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 


1910 


Num- 
ber. 


27.9 
32.2 


20.7 
14.2 


18.8 
15.4 
9.5 
12.0 
12.2 
16.4 
13.2 
16.8 


2.7 
4.6 


25.3 
19.7 
24.6 
22.7 


3.6 


13.3 
9.0 


5.2 
'3.'9' 
'i.2' 


933 
856 
181 
186 
709 
137 
400 
2,532 
238 


343 
381 


374 
611 

1,124 
213 

1,054 
586 
758 

2,504 
276 
628 

1,048 
837 

1,075 

2,296 

1,630 
164 
406 


306 

841 

960 

1,244 


2,256 
1,234 


1,440 
634 


750 
1,130 
1,348 
1,104 

698 
1,523 
2,621 

383 


149 
675 


729 

1,790 

900 

730 


525 
509 


524 
256 
172 
321 
586 
304 
479 


Per 

cent. 


3.9 
5.1 
1.7 
2.0 
7.0 
1.6 
2.6 
9.0 
2.7 


3.9 
1.5 


2.5 
3.9 
9.1 
2.4 
5.2 
2.9 
11.3 
13.3 
2.0 
4.9 
8.9 
9.7 
3.7 
28.6 
8.6 
1.8 
3.0 


3.5 
6.6 
12.6 
11.9 


14.0 
16.2 


10.1 
6.0 


8.7 
3.8 
11.4 
4.4 
5.5 
5.9 
9.4 
5.2 


1.9 
2.0 


9.3 
8.6 
8.6 
7.2 


2.1 


5.6 
4.0 


7.6 
2.9 
2.2 
3.4 
4.7 
3.9 
3.1 


1900 


Num- 
ber. 


285 
168 
132 
164 
207 
162 
543 
1,426 
181 


127 
97 


327 
252 
851 
149 
623 
580 
286 

1,502 
281 

1,017 
475 
259 
989 

2,417 


244 
340 


245 
681 
976 


2,269 
1,117 


1,347 
933 


849 
912 
352 
729 
1,399 
1,395 
527 


253 


830 

2,440 

646 

455 


622 


248 


403 
183 
78 
252 
358 
398 
403 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


254 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


ELLITEBATE  CHILDBEN  10  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AGE. 

United  States  as  a  whole. — The  extent  of  illiteracy 
in  the  age  group  comprising  children  from  10  to  14 
years  old,  inclusive,  is  of  special  significance,  inas- 
much as  it  foreshadows  the  proportion  of  Oliteracy 
that  may  be  expected  for  the  whole  native  population 
in  the  future,  if  educational  conditions  remam  un- 
changed. Moreover,  a  comparison  of  the  figures  for 
this  age  group  as  reported  for  1910  and  for  1900  wiU 
indicate,  more  clearly  than  any  comparison  of  figures 
relating  to  the  population  as  a  whole,  the  changes 
which  have  taken  place  during  the  decade  in  the 
eflSciency  of  the  country's  educational  system.  Com- 
parative statistics  of  illiteracy  among  children  from 
10  to  14  years  of  age  for  1910  and  1900  are  given  in 
Table  35. 


Table  35 

CHILDREN  10  TO  14  TEARS  OF  AGE,  INCLTJSIVE. 

1910 

1900 

CLASS  OF  POPULATION. 

Total 

imterate. 

Total. 

Illiterate. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Total 

9,107,140 

370,136 

4.1 

8,080,234 

677,649 

7.1 

White 

7,918,408 
7,560,078 
5,324,283 

2,235,795 
358,330 

1,155,266 

144,675 
131,991 
117,973 

14,018 
12,684 

218,555 

1.8 
1.7 
2.2 

0.6 
3.5 

18.9 

6,959,238 
6,647,673 
4,660,390 

1,987,283 
311,565 

1,091,990 

240,580 
223,208 
205,735 

17,473 
17,372 

328,992 

3  5 

Native 

3.4 

Native  parentage . . 
Foreign  or  mixed 

parentage 

Foreign  bom 

4.4 

0.9 
5.6 

Negro 

30.1 

The  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  children  from  10  to 
14  years  of  age  declined  from  7.1  in  1900  to  4.1  in  1910. 
The  greatest  relative  change  was  among  the  native 
whites  of  native  parentage,  where  the  proportion  of 
illiterates  among  children  of  this  age  group  in  1910 
was  only  half  as  great  as  in  1900.  There  was  also  a 
noteworthy  diminution  in  the  proportion  for  the 
foreign-born  whites.  Among  the  negroes  the  per- 
centage of  illiteracy  for  children  10  to  14  years  of  age 


was  still  very  high  in  1910,  being  18.9,  but  even,  this 
figure  represented  a  notable  reduction  as  compared 
with  the  percentage  in  1900. 

Divisions  and  states. — Table  36  gives,  by  divisions, 
the  total  population  from  10  to  14  years  of  age,  with 
the  number  and  percentage  illiterate,  classified  accord- 
ing to  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage,  for  1910, 
and  the  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  1900. 

In  each  of  the  four  northern  divisions  and  in  the 
Pacific  division  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  children  in 
this  age  group  in  1910  were  illiterate,  the  minimum  per- 
centage, 0.3,  being  in  the  East  North  Central  division. 
In  the  three  southern  divisions  taken  together  one- 
tenth  of  the  children  from  10  to  14  years  of  age 
were  unable  to  write.  In  the  Mountain  division 
the  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  this  age  group  was 
smaller  than  in  any  of  the  southern  divisions,  but 
considerably  larger  than  in  the  Pacific  division.  For 
native  whites,  both  of  native  and  of  foreign  or 
mixed  parentage,  the  percentage  of  illiterates  among 
children  from  10  to  14  years  of  age  was  very  small 
except  in  the  South.  The  percentages  for  foreign-born 
whites  were  somewhat  higher  than  for  either  class  of 
the  native  whites  in  all  of  the  divisions,  and  conspicu- 
ously so  in  the  West  South  Central  division.  So  far 
as  the  negro  children  were  concerned,  there  was  com- 
paratively little  difference  in  the  northern  and  western 
divisions  between  the  proportion  of  illiterates  in  this 
group  and  that  among  the  native  whites.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  percentages  of  illiteracy  for  negro  chil- 
dren in  the  southern  divisions  were  conspicuously 
larger  than  the  percentages  for  the  white  children. 

A  comparison  of  the  figures  shown  for  1910  with 
those  for  1900  indicates  that  there  was  in  general  a 
considerable  diminution  during  the  decade  in  the  per- 
centage of  illiteracy  among  children  from  10  to  14  years 
of  age;  indeed,  in  a  great  many  cases  the  percentage  in 
1910  was  less  than  half  what  it  was  in  1900. 

Table  37  gives,  by  states,  the  population  10  to  14 
years  of  age,  with  the  number  and  percentage  illiterate. 


Table  36 


CHILDREN  10  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AGE,  INCLUSIVE. 


All  classes. 


Total: 
1910 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber: 
1910 


Per  cent. 


1910 


1900! 


Native  white. 


Native  parentage. 


Total: 
1910 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber: 
1910 


Per  cent. 


1910  1900 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Total: 
1910 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber: 
1910 


Per  cent. 


1910  1900 


Foreign-lx>m  white. 


Total: 
1910 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber: 
1910 


Per  cent. 


1910 


1900 


Negro. 


Total: 
1910 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber: 
1910 


Per  cent. 


1910  1900 


United  states. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

Moimtain 

Pacific 


9,107, 

559, 
1,726, 
1,706, 
1,170, 
1,396, 

969, 
1,016, 

239, 

322, 


370,136 

1,970 

7,313 

5,327 

6,697 

140,007 

103,293 

95,759 

8,228 

1,542 


4.1 

0.4 
0.4 
0.3 
0.6 
10.0 
10.7 
9.4 
3.4 
0.5 


7.1 

1.0 
0.9 
0.7 
1.4 
17.8 
18.2 
16.1 
5.4 
0.8 


5,324,283 

222,923 
862,310 
1,039,168 
722,854 
830,589 
629,684 
079, 642 
149, 849 
187,264 


117,973 

510 

2,025 

2,920 

3, 

41,768 

30,561 

27, 678 

2,551 

273 


2.2 
0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.5 
5.0 
5.8 
4.1 
1.7 
0.1 


4.4 

0.4 
0.4 
0.6 
1.6 
9.9 
10.7 
9.1 
4.3 
0.3 


,235,795 

277, 105 

675,339 

576, 779 

393, 447 

42,842 

17,025 

71,802 

69,816 

111,640 


14,018 

605 

1,731 

1,185 

953 

349 

157 

8,041 

718 

279 


0.6 

0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.8 
0.9 
11.2 
1.0 
0.2 


0.9 

0.5 
0.5 
0.5 
0.5 
1.4 
1.4 
11.4 
1.5 
0.4 


358,330 

54, 181 

157, 894 

65,327 

29,230 

8,259 

1,812 

15,016 

10,052 

16,559 


12,684 

830 
3,226 
773 
772 
437 
206 
5,190 
832 
418 


3.5 

1.5 
2.0 
1.2 
2.6 

5.3 
11.4 
34.6 
8.3 
2.5 


5.6 

5.0 
5.8 
2.1 
3.1 
7.7 
8.6 
36.2 
7.8 
2.8 


,155,266 

5,092 

29,648 

23,184 

20,281 

613, 239 

320, 476 

240,265 

1,286 

1,795 


218,555 

18 

297 

270 

732 

97, 196 

66,209 

53,803 

20 

10 


18.9 

0.4 

1.0 

1.2 

3.6 

18.9 

20.7 

22.4 

1.6 

0.6 


30.1 

1.1 

2.6 

2.4 

7.7 

31.3 

33.1 

32.7 

2.4 

1.0 


ILLITERACY.  255 

ILLITERATES  AMONG  CHILDREN  10  TO  14  YEARS  OF  AGE,  INCLUSIVE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  37 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


tJnlted  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central.... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central.. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


1910 


Total. 


9,107,140 


559,556 
726,086 
706, 759 
170,674 
396,058 
969,343 
016,531 
239,610 
322,523 


64,588 
36, 271 
31,451 
284,960 
47,014 
95,272 


785,826 
228,695 
711,665 


425,602 
255,568 
520,955 
258,480 
246,154 


214,402 
222,577 
324, 191 
69,392 
60,021 
121,782 
168,309 


Illiterat*. 


Num-       Per 
ber.       cent. 


370,136 


1,970 

7,313 

5,327 

6,697 

140,007 

103,293 

95, 759 

8,228 

1,542 


493 
123 
105 
697 
290 
262 


2,619 
1,163 
3,531 


1,304 
714 

1,805 
758 
746 


566 
536 
3,744 
705 
394 
310 
443 


0.4 
0.4 
0.3 
0.6 
10.0 
10.7 
9.4 
3.4 
0.5 


0.8 
0.3 
0.3 
0.2 
0.6 
0.3 


0.3 
0.5 
0.5 


0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 


0.3 
0.2 
1.2 
1.2 
0.7 
0.3 
0.3 


1900 


Total. 


8,080,234 


465,807 

1,442,376 

1,654,278 

1,151,704 

1,247,791 

922,176 

816,211 

163,371 

216,520 


60,307 
32,897 
30,179 
229,330 
36,739 
76,356 


643,788 
174,347 
624,241 


414,847 
264,822 
494,880 
247,617 
232, 112 


192,064 
239,649 
347,266 
35,607 
47,299 
121,743 
168,277 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber. 


677,649 


4,773 

13,135 

10,977 

16,506 

221,977 

168,028 

131,621 

8,838 

1,794 


1,255 
557 
287 

1,547 
691 
436 


4,740 
2,069 
6,326 


2,048 
1,453 
4,044 
1,744 
1,688: 


1,365 
883 
11,660 
836 
472 
412 
878 


Per 
cent. 


7.1 


1.0 
0.9 
0.7 
1.4 
17.8 
18.2 
16.1 
5.4 
0.8 


2.1 
1.7 
1.0 
0.7 
1.9 
0.6 


0.7 
1.2 
1.0 


0.5 
0.6 
0.8 
0.7 
0.7 


0.7 
0.4 
3.4 
2.4 
1.0 
0.3 
0.6 


DIVISION  and  state. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia , 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina , 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Eajw  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma' 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado • 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAonc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Calliomia 


1910 


Total. 


19,308 
129,605 

24,649 
237,563 
131,027 
265,964 
192,406 
315,217 

80,319 


252,905 
243,328 
253,196 
219,914 

179,879 
193,791 
186,069 
456, 792 


29,686 
31,902 
10,829 
69,688 
34,408 
18,091 
40,070 
4,936 


92,802 
56,776 
17^,946 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber. 


3,257 

93 

21,917 

3,491 
26,955 
32,858 
42,861 

8,282 


15,233 
18,285 
41,637 
28,238 


14,820 
47, 734 
4,531 
28,674 


398 
112 
57 
605 
3,824 
2,750 
269 
213 


332 
112 


Per 
cent. 


1.5 
2.5 
0.4 
9.2 
2.7 
10.1 
17.1 
13.6 
10.3 


6.0 
7.5 
16.4 
12.8 


8.2 

24.6 

2.4 

6.3 


1.3 
0.4 
0.5 
0.9 
11.1 
15.2 
0.7 
4.3 


0.4 
0.2 
0.6 


1900 


Total. 


18,746 
126, 217 

22,734 
220,837 
110,729 
235,325 
174, 363 
277,865 

60,975 


251,653 
243,773 
228,685 
198,065 


166,481 
169,385 
97,168 
383,177 


19,397 
16,982 

7,843 
48,871 
21,849 
11,671 
33,370 

3,388 


48,233 
41,398 
126,889 


Illiterate. 


Num- 
ber.' 


845 
5,859 
398 
34,612 
5,819 
51,190 
51,536 
63,329 
8,389 


21,247 
36,375 
66,072 
44,334 


26,972 
55,691 
13,467 
35,491 


374 

209 

72 

742 

4,354 

2,592 

220 

275 


340 

175 

1,279 


Per 

cent. 


4.5 

4.6 
1.8 
16.7 
6.3 
21.8 
29.6 
22.8 
13.8 


8.4 
14.9 


16.2 
32.9 
13.9 
9.3 


1.9 
1.2 
0.9 
1.5 

19.9 
22.2 
0.7 
8.1 


0.7 
0.4 
1.0 


>  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER. 

United  States  as  a  whole. — By  reason  of  the 
political  privileges  which  appertain  to  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over  a  peculiar  interest  attaches  to  the  pro- 
portion of  illiterates  in  t<his  class  of  the  population, 
which  is  shown  in  Table  38. 


Table  38 

males  21  TEASS  OF  AGE  AND  OVEE. 

class  of  population. 

Total. 

Number  illiterate. 

Percent 
illiterate. 

1910 

1900       i 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

Total 

26,999,161 

21,134,299J 

2,273,603 

2,288,470 

8.4 

10.8 

White 

24,357,514 
17,710,697 
13,211,731 

4,498,966 
6,646,817 

2,458,873 
62,967 
60,421 
56,638 
2,738 

18.918.697 
14,014,427 
10,569,743 

3,444,684 
4,904,270 

2,060,302 
57,077 
81,018 
17,205 

1,406,364 
617,733 
557,042 

60,691 

788,631 

819,135 

32,603 

9,452 

4,928 

1,121 

1,249,897 
687,581 
618,606 

68,975 
562,316 

976,610 
36,334 
22,476 
3,163 

5.8 
3.6 
4.2 

1.3 
11.9 

33.3 
51.8 
15.6 
8.7 
40.9 

6.6 

Native 

4.9 

Native  parentage. . 
Foreign  or  mixed 

parentage 

Foreign  bom 

Negro 

5.9 

2.0 
11.5 

47.4 

Indian 

63.7 

Chinese 

27.7 

Japanese 

18.3 

Another 

i 

The  percentage  of  illiteracy  for  the  total  male  popu- 
lation 21  years  of  age  and  over  in  1910  was  8.4.  For 
the  native  whites  of  native  parentage  the  percentage 
was  4.2,  for  the  native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed 
parentage  1.3,  for  the  foreign-born  whites  11.9,  and 
for  the  negroes  33.3.  In  the  total  population,  and  in 
every  class  except  the  foreign-born  whites,  the 'per- 
centage of  illiteracy  among  males  21  years  of  age  and 
over  was  less  in  1910  than  in  1900. 


Divisions  and  states. — The  number  and  percentage 
of  illiterate  males  21  years  of  age  and  over  in  the 
principal  color  or  race,  nativity,  and  parentage  groups 
is  shown  by  divisions  and  states  in  Table  39. 

In  the  total  number  of  males  21  years  of  age  and  over 
the  percentage  of  illiteracy  was  lowest  in  the  West 
North  Central  division  and  highest  in  the  East  South 
Central  division.  The  three  southern  divisions, 
which  contain  large  numbers  of  negroes,  had  much 
higher  proportions  of  illiterates  among  males  21  years 
of  age  and  over  than  the  northern  and  western 
divisions. 

A  comparison  of  the  figures  for  1910  with  those  for 
1900  shows  that,  except  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division, 
where  the  proportion  of  illiterates  remained  the 
same,  and  the  New  England  division,  which  shows  a 
comparatively  small  decrease,  there  was  generally 
throughout  the  United  States  a  considerable  decrease 
during  the  decade  in  the  percentage  of  illiterates 
among  males  21  years  of  age  and  over.  The  excep- 
tional situation  in  New  England  and  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division  is  due  to  the  fact  that  these  divi- 
sions have  received  a  great  part  of  the  recent  immi- 
grants to  the  United  States. 

Principal  cities. — ^Table  40  gives  figures  showing 
the  number  and  percentage  of  illiterates  among  males 
21  years  of  age  and  over  in  cities  having  100,000  inhab- 
itants or  more,  similar  information  in  condensed  form 
being  given  in  Table  34  for  cities  having  25,000  to 
100,000  inhabitants. 


256 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

ILLITERATE  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table  39 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Geogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma^ 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

IdahjD 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada. 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  CLASSES. 


1910 


Nmnber. 


2,273,603 


127, 449 
401,098 
241, 755 
123,369 
540,246 
406,530 
310, 191 
63,138 
59,827 


13,070 
8,413 
6,039 
61,909 
14,456 
23,562 

170,030 
51,086 
179,982 

62,998 
33, 5»} 
79,433 
38,703 
27,038 

23,603 
14,204 
51,284 
6,467 
5,550 
8,545 
14,716 

6,272 
31,238 
5,082 
92,917 
35,040 
107,563 
90,707 
141,541 


87,516 
86,677 
124,494 
107,843 

53,440 
118,716 

28,707 
109,328 

8,812 
3,416 
2,594 
11,343 
16,634 
14,463 
3,477 
2,399 

10,580 
6,460 
42,787 


Per 

cent. 


8.4 


1900 


Number. 


2,288,470 


6.3 
6.8 
4.3 
3.5 
17.6 
19.4 
13.7 
6.9 
3.7 


117, 144 
308,291 
236, 561 
130,663 
611, 631 
466,085 
320,986 
50,011 
47,098 


5.5 
6.2 
5.3 
6.1 


6.0 
6.6 

7.8 

4.2 
4.1 
4.6 
4.4 
4.0 

3.7 
2.1 
5.3 
3.1 
3.1 
2.4 
2.9 

10.1 
8.5 
4.9 
17.7 
10.4 
21.3 
27.1 
22.8 
14.0 

14.5 
15.7 
24.3 
25.3 

13.5 

28.6 

6.4 

10.9 

5.7 
3.1 
4.1 
4.2 
17.6 
19.5 
3.3 
6.0 

2.4 
2.6 
4.6 


13,952 
10,295 
8,544 
53,694 
11,675 
18,984 

130,004 
38,305 
139,982 

58,698 
40,016 
67,481 
39,230 
31,136 

20,856 
17,061 
60,327 
5,187 
5,628 
7,388 
14,216 

7,538 
40,352 
7,052 
113,353 
32,066 
122,658 
99,516 
158,247 
30,849 

102,528 
105,851 
139,649 
118,057 

62,615 
122,638 

21,950 
113,783 

6,209 
2,936 
1,636 
7,689 
15,585 
11,215 
2,470 
2,271 

6,635 

6,978 

33,485 


Per 

cent. 


10.8 


6.9 

6.8 

5.1 

4.5 

24.5 

26.0 

20.3 

8.9 

5.3 


6.4 
7.9 
7.9 
6.4 
9.2 
6.8 

5.9 
6.9 

7.7 

4.8 
5.6 
4.8 
5.5 
5.5 

4.1 

2.7 
7.0 
5.4 
5.0 
2.5 
3.4 

14.0 
12.5 
8.4 
25.3 
12.9 
29.4 
35.1 
31.6 
22.1 

18.8 
21.7 
33.7 
33.8 

20.0 
37.6 
10.6 
15.4 

6.1 
5.4 
4.3 
4.1 
28.3 
25.4 
3.7 
12.8 

3.4 
4.8 
6.2 


NATiVK  white:  1910 


Native  parentage. 


Number. 


557,042 


8,398 

34,360 

59,185 

38,518 

166,364 

148,311 

86,421 

12,195 

3,290 


3,149 

859 

1,331 

1,700 

466 

893 

11,443 
4,216 
18,701 

19,188 
17,641 
15,588 
5,254 
1,514 

732 

4,219 

27,860 

203 

305 

1,401 

3,798 

1,672 
8,097 
325 
33,488 
20,666 
49, 619 
17,535 
29,936 
5,026 

59,314 
47,479 
30,389 
11,129 

20,343 
28,091 
14,345 
23,642 

228 

244 

120 

2,663 

8,142 

553 

'  199 

46 

600 

729 

1,961 


Per 

cent. 


4.2 


1.0 
1.5 
2.3 
2..3 
9.0 
11.1 
6.0 
2.8 
0.5 


2.0 
1.1 
1.9 
0.5 
1.0 
0.7 

1.3 
1.5 
1.7 

2.3 
3.0 
2.3 
1.6 
1.0 

0.6 
1.3 
4.4 
0.5 
0.5 
0.8 
1.1 

4.4 
4.0 
0.7 
9.9 
7.8 
14.1 
11.0 
8.9 
5.1 

12.8 
11.5 
10.9 
6.1 

7.7 
15.6 
4.2 
3.7 

0.4 
0.4 
0.4 
1.8 
11.8 
1.9 
0.6 
0.3 

0.3 
0.5 

0.5 


Foreign  or  mixed 
parentage. 


Numb  er. 


60,691 


7,622 
12,514 
16,669 
7,651 
1,672 
1,482 
9,353 
2,089 
1,639 


2,073 

609 

1,230 

2,172 

794 

744 

6,383 
1,207 
4,924 

3,379 
1,953 
3,275 
4,144 
3,918 

1,767 
1,456 
2,367 
290 
299 
643 
849 


523 
66 
192 
356 
91 
64 
149 
163 

833 
264 
244 
141 

385 

936 

479 

7,664 

166 
109 

37 
273 
538 
744 
173 

49 

240 

185 

1,214 


Per 
cent 


2.0 
1.1 
1.3 
0.9 
1.4 
2.1 
6.0 
1.2 
0.6 


7.8 
3.4 
6.4 
1.0 
2.2 
1.1 

1.0 
0.8 
1.3 

1.1 
1.7 
0.8 
1.9 
1.5 

0.9 
0.8 
1.4 
0.6 
0.6 
0.7 
1.0 

1.1 

1.0 
0.5 
1.8 
2.2 
4.0 
1.9 
1.9 
2.1 

2.0 
2.2 
2.9 
2.3 

3.4 
2.8 
1.7 
9.3 

0.6 
0.5 
0.3 
0.6 
7.7 
7.0 
0.5 
0.6 

0.3 
0.5 

0.7 


foreign-born 

white: 

1910 


Number. 


788,631 


108,853 

340,642 

150, 136 

58,309 

19,659 

3,631 

36,251 

31,203 

39,947 


7,676 
6,909 
3,439 
56,504 
12,793 
21,532 

148,703 
42,347 
149,592 

35,160 
10,602 
55,907 
28,034 
20,433 

19,947 
7,779 

10,848 
4,029 
2,323 
6,886 
7,497 

1,692 

6,037 

810 

1,297 

8,528 

274 

206 

376 

1,439 

1,382 
628 

1,028 
593 

661 

5,211 

2,188 

28,191 

6,885 
2,036 
1,810 
7,468 
3,630 
7,447 
1,959 
968 

6,993 
4,033 
28,921 


Per 
cent. 


11.9 


13.7 
15.0 

9.5 

6.7 
13.0 

7.8 
21.1 
12.1 

7.9 


15.8 
16.5 
14.5 
12.5 
16.9 
14.1 

12.2 
13.7 
20.2 

11.4 
11.9 
9.2 
9.3 
7.6 

6.7 
5.3 
8.9 
5.1 
4.3 
6.2 
10.1 

19.3 
10.5 
6.9 
8.7 
24.6 
8.3 
6.1 
4.4 
8.2 

6.8 
6.2 
9.8 
11.3 

6.8 
19.7 

9.3 
26.1 

9.9 

7.9 

9.9 

10.6 

29.0 

29.0 

6.0 

7.6 

4,7 
6.3 
9.7 


negro: 
1910 


Number. 


819,135 


1,967 

11,826 

13,285 

13,468 

351,220 

252, 677 

173,284 

707 

701 


"  55 
29 
38 
1,186 
345 
314 

2,295 
3,052 
6,479 

5,169 

3,312 

4,349 

397 

68 

123 

626 

10,068 

16 

24 

231 

2,380 

2,829 
17,484 

3,801 
57,867 

5,457 
56,669 
72,857 
111,037 
23,219 

25,958 
38,273 
92,744 
95,702 

32,013 
84,176 
7,396 


75 
16 
50 
373 
88 
64 
26 
IS 

121 
24 

556 


'  Includes  population  of  Indian  Territory  for  1900. 


ILLITERACY.  257 

ILLITERATE  MALES  21  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER  IN  CITIES  HAVING  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE:  1910. 


Table  40 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlan&.Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Birmlngtiam,  Ala 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge.  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich . . . 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Lo8  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapol^  Miim 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Corm 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.Y 

ManhaUan  Borough 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough . . 

Queens  Borough 

Richmond  Borough . 

Newark.  N.J 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa» 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.Y 

St.  I>ouLs,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Mmn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C 

Worcester,  Mass 


ALL  CLASSES. 


1910 


Number. 


1,219 
3,606 
7,701 
4,348 
0,335 

1,815 

5,664 

978 

35,636 

3,962 

9,418 
2,063 
1,0G9 
1,580 
9,700 

4,942 
933 
2,712 
5,519 
2,034 

2.270 
4,024 
2,266 
3,163 
5,147 

2,770 
2,901 
3,037 
6,301 

91,815 

5S,S56 

6,7H 

$8, its 

S,836 

1,301 

6,227 

i.sn 

1,429 
2,584 
22,222 

14,165 
1,187 
6,738 
3,187 
3,158 

9,106 
1,576 
3,621 
4,616 
1,373 

700 
2,821 
1,802 
5.082 
2,732 


Per 
cent. 


3.8 
&1 
4.7 
ia7 
4.5 

5.5 
4.4 
3.2 
5.1 
3.5 

6.3 
3.4 
2.8 
2.2 
6.6 

15.6 
2.7 
3.5 
6.8 
2.3 

2.0 
6.9 
7.2 
7.1 
4.6 

2.6 
9.4 
7.5 
6.6 

6.4 

r.t 

IB 
6.0 
4-7 
4.9 

6.0 
3.6 
3.3 
7.0 
4.7 

8.5 
L3 

a3 

&6 
4.6 

4.1 
2.2 
2.0 
12.2 
L4 

1.8 
6.3 
3.4 
4.9 

6.0 


1900 


Number. 


762 
3,396 
10,152 
2,051 
8,111 

1,203 
6,168 
1,097 
20,572 
3,114 

5,786 

1,406 

679 

716 

3,687 

4,158 
823 
2,528 
3,094 
2,096 

886 
5,836 
2,592 
6,746 
3,069 

1,205 

3,160 

1,866 

10,078 

66,656 
43,  SOS 

s,eoo 

16,416 

1,343 

895 

4,508 

741 

612 

1,876 

17,588 

10,588 
3,251 
3,830 
3,369 
1,327 

7,026 
1,351 
3,606 
2,985 


304 
1,071 
1,592 
7,052 
1,788 


Per 
cent. 


2.7 
14.6 

7.2 
16.7 

4.6 

6.5 
5.3 
4.1 
4.0 
3.4 

6.2 
3.5 
2.6 
1.7 
4.5 

15.5 
3.3 
4.8 
5.1 
3.9 

2.7 
9.8 
9.6 
1&3 
4.1 

L9 
14.3 

5.7 
13.4 

6.5 

7.8 

e.t 

4.6 
6.4 
4.4 

6.6 

3.6 
L8 
6.3 
4.5 

7.8 
8.6 
7.2 
14.4 
2.9 

4.1 
2.6 
2.8 
10.6 
1.5 

2.0 
3.3 
4.2 
8.4 
5.0 


NATIVE  white:  1910 


Native 
imrentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


45 
470 
434 
182 

54 

19 

92 

8 

216 

473 

70 
397 
130 

91 


40 
26 

448 
45 

242 

100 
464 
20 
71 
22 

42 
371 

15 
306 

446 
16t 
49 
181 
60 
H 

95 
36 
47 
69 
895 

164 
49 
63 

288 
62 

411 
18 
83 
63 
21 

16 

86 

229 

325 

34 


Per 
cent. 


0.4 
1.8 
0.6 
0.9 

ai 

a2 
a3 

0.1 
0.2 
1.3 

a2 

LI 

ae 
a3 

0.2 

LI 
0.2 
LO 
0.3 

as 
a2 

L6 
0.3 
0.4 

ai 

0.1 
2.1 
0.1 

ao 

0.2 

o.t 

0.3 
0.2 
0.4 
0.3 

0.4 
0.2 
0.3 
LO 
0.6 

0.4 
0.1 
0.4 
L5 
0.3 

ae 
ai 
a  2 
a  7 
ai 

ai 

as 
n 
a  7 
a  3 


Foreign  or 

mixed 
parentage. 


Num- 
ber. 


65 
11 

195 
4 

107 

29 
234 

12 
501 

201 

121 
75 
33 
54 

251 

201 
23 
63 
96 
46 

63 
185 

61 

6 

127 

73 

7 

33 

236 

1,194 
4t9 
93 
660 
8S 
39 

166 
75 
38 
62 

776 

264 
31 

162 
18 
72 

397 
52 
75 

146 
21 

8 
64 
120 

66 
56 


Per 
cent. 


a5 
a  7 

a  6 
a  2 
a  2 

a4 
a  6 
a  2 
a  3 
a  5 

a3 
a  7 
a  4 
a  3 
a  6 

2.6 

a  3 
a  5 
a4 
a3 

as 

Ll 

a  9 
a  2 
a3 

a  3 
a  3 
a  4 
La 

a  4 
o.s 
o.t 
0.4 
o.s 

0.6 

a  6 
a  6 
a  4 
a7 
a7 

a  6 
a  2 

LO 

as 
a  3 

as 
a  2 
a  2 

L4 

ai 

ai 
a5 
as 
a  5 
ao 


foreign-born 

white: 

1910 


Number. 


L091 
100 

3,488 
380 


1,738 

6,281 

874 

34, 145 

2,103 

9,047 
1,124 
704 
1,214 
9,310 

4,687 

865 

1,200 

6,267 

941 

1,806 
601 

2,183 
249 

4,979 

2,605 

66 

2,929 

1,328 

88,818 
61,188 
6,481 
t7,SSl 
3,618 
1,S00 

6,694 
1,494 
1,223 
2,383 
18,287 

13,053 
865 

6,278 
112 

3,014 

6,315 
1,468 
2,683 
4,299 
1,145 

556 
2,649 
L419 

810 
2,627 


Per 
cent. 


13.3 
4.4 
ia4 
12.9 
8.6 

ia2 
9.4 
6.0 
9.0 
7.9 

9.6 
13.2 
9.6 
6.3 
12.4 

23.2 
6.3 
11.5 
14.0 
7.2 

6.1 
7.1 
12.0 
7.3 
&9 

5.8 
4.6 
15.3 
9.8 

ia7 

;/./ 

8.0 
11.0 

9.4 
10.0 

1L5 
7.7 
8.9 

11.8 

ia9 

18.6 
3.4 

16.1 
5.5 

ILl 

lao 

6.1 

3.6 

24.6 

3.2 

4.5 
17.7 
9.0 
6.9 
1L5 


NEGBO: 
1910 


Num- 
ber. 


19 

3,012 

3,509 

3,780 

132 

23 
40 
73 
546 
L183 

125 
459 
194 
100 
72 

6 
9 

991 
76 
787 

115 
2,782 

1 
2,825 

9 

39 

2,456 

48 

4,330 


608 
63 

HI 
64 
i5 

216 
34 

110 

50 

2,108 

663 

7 

187 

2,765 

6 

1,875 

26 

43 

5 

24 

4 

27 

30 

3,801 

9 


Per 
cent. 


5.0 
2L7 
13.4 
23.0 

2.6 

4.9 
5.4 
5.3 
3.1 
16.0 

3.8 
9.1 

ia9 

5.0 
3.2 

4.5 

3.4 
13.1 
3.6 
&6 

4.5 

20.3 

('>   . 

16.4 

2.3 

3.2 

25.3 

4.0 

17.1 

2.9 

n 

7.4 

7.2 
2.7 
5.8 
11.0 
7.5 

7.1 

L3 

lae 
2a  8 

2.0 

1L4 
L7 
5.2 
2.3 
2.0 

L3 
a  2 
4.2 

13.8 
2.3 


I  Per  cent  not  shown  where  base  is  less  than  100. 
72497°— 13 17  + 


*  Includes  populatiOD  of  Allegheny  for  1900. 


Chapter  8. 
DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES. 


Introduction. — ^This  chapter  summarizes  the  data 
collected  by  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census  with 
regard  to  the  number  of  dwellings  and  families  and 
the  average  number  of  persons  per  dwelling  and  per 
family.  Data  are  presented  for  each  state  and  for 
the  principal  cities.  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and 
other  outlying  possessions  are  not  included. 

In  census  usage  a  ''dwelling"  is  any  building  in 
which  one  or  more  persons  reside.  A  mere  cabin,  or 
a  room  in  a  warehouse,  occupied  by  a  single  person,  is 
a  census  dwelling,  while  on  the  oih&r  hand  an  apart- 
ment house  containing  many  families  constitutes  only 
one  dwelling. 

The  term  "family"  as  here  used  means  a  household 
or  group  of  persons,  whether  related  by  blood  or  not, 
who  share  a  common  abode,  usually  also  sharing  the 
same  table.  If  one  person  lives  alone,  he  constitutes 
a  family,  while  on  the  other  hand  those  who  dwell  in  a 
hotel  or  institution  in  which  many  people  live  are  also 
treated  as  forming  a  single  family. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  a  family  under  the 
census  definition  may  in  some  instances  be  very  large, 
there  is  no  considerable  difference  between  the  aver- 
age size  of  aU  families  under  the  census  usage  and  the 
average  size  of  what  are  commonly  termed  families  or 
households  in  popular  speech.  At  the  census  of  1900 
a  distinction  was  made  between  "private  families," 
in  most  of  which  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  members  are 
related  by  blood  or  marriage,  and  "  economic  families," 
comprising  more  or  less  artificial  groups,  including 
boarding  houses  (at  least  those  having  several  or 
many  boarders),  hotels,  institutions,  construction 
gangs,  lumber  camps,  etc. 

For  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  as  reported  at  the 
census  of  1900,  the  average  size  of  all  families  was  4.7 
persons,  and  the  average  for  private  families  4.6,  and 
in  many  of  the  states  there  was  scarcely  any  difference 
between  the  two  averages.  In  fact,  the  decline  from 
census  to  census  in  the  average  size  of  "census  families  " 
is  undoubtedly  due  to  a  decline  in  the  average  size  of 
private  families,  resulting  from  a  decrease  m  the  aver- 
age number  of  children  m  the  "natural"  family.* 
Similarly,  differences  between  localities  as  to  the 
average  size  of  census  families  in  general  result  in 
the  main  from  differences  in  the  average  size  of  private 
families  and  "natural"  families. 

*  It  should,  of  course,  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  "private  family" 
is  often  by  no  means  identical  with  a  natural  family.  A  natural 
family  may  be  defined  as  consisting  only  of  persons  related  by  blood 
or  marriage  and  as  comprising  all  such  persons  within  the  particular 
degree  of  consanguinity  which  the  individual  using  the  term  has  in 
mind — the  most  common  usage  being,  perhaps,  to  consider  a  hus- 
band and  wife  and  their  children  as  the  unit.  The  members  of  a 
natural  family  often  do  not  live  together  in  the  same  "private 
family."  On  the  other  hand,  many  private  families  have  servants 
or  other  members  not  related  by  blood,  or  members  with  more  or 
less  distant  blood  relationship. 


Summary  for  the  United  States. — Table  1  shows,  for 
the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the  statistics  regarding 
dwellings  and  families  at  each  census  from  1850  to 
1910,  except  that  the  data  regarding  dwellings  for 
1860  and  1870  are  omitted  because  they  are  not  com- 
parable with  those  for  the  other  censuses. 


Table  1 

CENSUS  TEAE. 

Population. 

Number  of 
occupied 
dwellings. 

Number  of 
families. 

Persons 
toa 

dwell- 
ing. 

Persons 

to  a 
family. 

1910 

91,972,266 

75,994,575 

162,622,250 

60,155,783 

38,558,371 

»  27,489,561 

•19,987,563 

17,805,845 
14,430,145 
11,483,318 
8,966,812 

u 

'3,362,337 

20,255,555 
16,187,715 
12,690,152 
9,945,916 
7,579,363 
3  5,210,934 
'3,598,240 

6.2 
5.3 
6.5 
5.6 

CJ 
(») 
»5.9 

4.5 

1900 

4.7 

1890 

4.9 

1880 

5.0 

1870 

5.1 

I860 

'5.3 

1850 

'5.6 

>  Exclusive  of  population  (325,464)  specially  enumerated,  for  which  statistics 
as  to  dwellings  and  families  are  not  available. 

'  Dwellings  reported  in  1860  and  1870  Include  both  occupied  and  unoccupied 
dwellings. 

'  Dwellings  and  families  returned  for  free  population  only. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  in  1 910,  with  a  popu- 
lation of  91,972,266,  there  were  17,805,845  occupied 
dwellings  and  20,255,555  census  families.  The  aver- 
age number  of  persons  per  dwelling  was  5.2,  and  the 
average  number  per  family,  4.5.  It  is  obvious  that 
the  great  majority  of  dwellings  are  occupied  by  a 
single  family  each.  i 

At  each  census  from  1850  to  1910,  for  which  compa- 
rable figures  are  available,  a  decrease  was  shown  in 
the  average  number  of  persons  per  dwelling  and 
the  average  number  per  family.  The  decrease  in  the 
average  number  per  dwelling  has  been  due  to  the 
decrease  in  the  average  per  family,  the  influence  of 
which  has  been  partly  offset  by  the  increased  construc- 
tion of  tenements  and  other  dwellings  containing 
more  than  one  family. 

Divisions  and  states. — ^Table  2  shows,  by  geographic 
divisions  and  states,  the  number  of  dwellings  and 
families  in  1910  and  the  average  number  of  persons 
per  dwelling  and  per  family  for  each  of  the  last  three 
censuses. 

Variations  among  the  divisions  and  states  with 
respect  to  the  average  number  of  persons  per  dwelling 
are  largely  due  to  variations  in  the  proportion  of  the 
population  living  in  great  cities,  where  there  are  many 
tenement  houses,  apartment  houses,  and  other  large 
dwelUngs.  The  average  number  of  persons  per  dwell- 
ing in  1910  was  greatest  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  and 
New  England  divisions  (6.2  and  6,  respectively),  and 
these  are  the  divisions  with  the  largest  proportion  of 
urban  population.  The  average  was  lowest  in  the 
Mountain  division  (4.5).  Among  the  states,  New 
York,  Ehode  Island,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  and 
Connecticut  had  an  average  of  more  than  six  persons 
per  dwelling  in  1910.  The  average  was  lowest  in 
Nevada  (3.6). 

(259) 


260 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 


In  1910  the  average  number  of  persons  per  family 
was  greatest  in  the  three  southern  divisions  (4.8  in 
the  South  Atlantic  and  West  South  Central  and  4.7 
in  the  East  South  Central),  and  smallest  (4.3)  in  the 
East  North  Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions.  In 
all  of  the  geographic  divisions  except  the  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  the  average  size  of  families  de- 
creased from  1900  to  1910,  while  in  those  two  divisions 
there  was  no  change.  Among  the  individual  states, 
the  average  size  of  families  in  1910  was  greatest  in 
Minnesota  and  North  Carolina,  5  in  each  case.  It 
was  4.9  in  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  Texas.  In  no 
state  except  Nevada  did  the  average  fall  below  4.1. 


Table  2 


DIVISION  AND 
STATE. 


United  states 

Geog.divs.: 
New  England. 
Mid.  Atlantic . 
E.  N.  Central. 
W.  N.  Central. 
South  Atlantic 
E.S.  Central.. 
W.S.  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

N.  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Ehode  Island. 

Connecticut... 
Mid.  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey . . . 

Pennsylvania. 
E.N.  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

I     Illinois 

'     Michigan 

Wisconsin.... 
W.N.  Central: 

Minnesota. . . . 

Iowa 

Missouri 

NorthDakota 

South  Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

S.  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.Columbia 

Viiginia 

West  \''lrginia 

N.Carolina... 

S.Carolina 

Geoigia 

Florida 

E.  S.  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  S.  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Coloiado 

New  Mexico.. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

P\cmc: 

Washington.. 

Oregon 

Calliomia 


Popula- 
tion: 
1910 


91,972,266 


6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,637,921 
12, 194, 895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,617 
4,192,304 


742,371 
430, 572 
355,956 

3,366,416 
542,610 

1, 114, 756 

9,113,614 
2,537,167 
7,665,111 

4, 767, 121 
2, 700, 876 
5,638,591 
2, 810, 173 
2,333,860 

2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
577,056 
683,888 
1,192,214 
1,690, 

202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2,206,287 
1,615,400 
2,609,121 

752,619 

2,289.905 
2, 184;  789 
2,138,093 
1, 797, 114 

1,574,449 
1,656,388 
1,657,155 
3,896,542 

376,053 
325,594 
145,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81,875 

1.141,990 

672,765 

2,377,549 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


17,805,845 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


1910  1900  1S90 


20,255,555 


1,099,336 
3,093,464 
3, 743, 779 
2,448,083 
2,424,935 
1, 732, 152 
1,780,510 
586,451 
897, 135 


159,437 
88,871 
77,466 

511,926 
79, 725 

181,911 

1,178,686 

407,295 

1,507,483 

1,024,800 
631,554 

1,006,848 
618,222 
462,356 

380,809 
498,943 
677, 196 
118, 757 
127, 739 
268,967 
385, 672 

43,183 
253,805 

68,513 
400, 445 
239,128 
430, 570 
302,842 
530,631 
165,818 

469,669 
444,814 
441,249 
376,420 

327,625 
331,220 
342,488 
779, 177 

82,811 
71,830 
30,969 
183,874 
75,888 
45,386 
72,649 
23,044 

238,822 
144,832 
613, 481 


1,464,942 
4,235,676 
4,214,820 
2,692,069 
2,639,270 
1, 796, 832 
1,827,105 
614,656 
970, 186 


177,960 
103, 156 
85,178 
734,013 
117,976 
246,659 

2,046,845 

558, 202 

1,630,628 

1, 138, 165 
654, 891 

1,264,717 
657,418 
499,629 

416,462 
512,515 
749,812 
120,910 
131,060 
265,549 
395, 771 

44,951 
274, 824 

71,339 
419, 452 
248, 480 
440, 334 
315, 204 
553, 264 
171,422 

494,788 
462,553 
454, 767 
384, 724 

333,368 
344, 144 
351,167 
798,426 

86,602 
73, 669 
32,092 
194,467 
78,883 
47,927 
77,-339 
23,677 

254,692 
151,858 
563,636 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


5.2 


6.0 
6.2 
4.9 
4.8 
5.0 
4.9 
4.9 
4.6 
4.7 


4.7 
4.8 
4.6 
6.6 
6.8 
6.1 

7.7 
6.2 
5.1 

4.7 
4.3 
5.6 
4.6 
5.0 

6.5 
4.5 
4.9 
4.9 
4.6 
4.6 
4.4 

4.7 
5.1 
5.7 
5.1 
5.1 
5.1 
5.0 
4.9 
4.5 

4.9 
4.9 

4.8 
4.8 

4.8 
5.0 
4.8 
5.0 

4.5 
4.5 
4.7 
4.3 
4.3 
4.5 
5.1 
3.6 

4.8 
4.6 
4.6 


6.3 


5.7 
6.0 
5.0 
5.0 
5.2 
5.1 
6.2 
4.5 
4.8 


4.7 
4.8 
4.6 
6.2 
6.3 
5.7 

7.0 
6.9 
5.1 

4.8 
4.6 
5.7 
4.6 
5.2 

5.5 
4.8 
6.2 
5.0 
4.9 
5.0 
4.7 

4.8 
5.4 
5.6 
6.3 
5.3 
5.3 
5.2 
6.1 
4.7 

5.2 
5.2 
6.0 
6.0 

5.1 
5.1 
4.9 
5.3 

4.6 
4.4 
4.7 
4.5 
4.3 
4.3 
5.2 
3.9 

4.9 
4.7 
4 


5.5 


5.7 
5.9 
6.2 
5.2 
5.4 
5.5 
5.6 
5.0 
5.1 


4.9 
4.9 
4.8 
6.3 
6.6 
5.7 

6.7 
6.8 
5.3 

5.1 

4.8 
5.7 
4.8 
5.3 

5.7 
6.0 
5.5 
4.8 
4.8 
5.3 
4.9 

5.0 
5.7 
5.9 
6.7 
5.6 
5.4 
5.3 
5.4 
5.0 

5.5 
5.5 
5.4 
5.5 

5.4 
5.5 
4.1 
5.6 

4.9 
4.7 
6.1 
5.1 
4.4 
4.5 
5.6 
4.6 

5.1 

5. 

6.1 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMILY. 


1910  1900  1890 


4.5 


4.5 
4.6 
4.3 
4.5 
4.8 
4.7 
4.8 
4.3 
4.3 


4.2 
4.2 
4.2 
4.6 
4.6 
4.5 

4.5 
4.6 
4.7 

4.2 
4. 

4.5 
4.3 

4.7 

5.0 
4.3 
4.4 
4.8 
4.5 
4.6 
4.3 

4.5 
4.7 
4.6 
4.9 
4.9 
5.0 
4.8 
4.7 
4.4 

4.6 
4.7 
4.7 
4.7 

4.7 
4.8 
4.7 
4.9 

4.3 
4.4 
4.5 
4.1 
4.1 
4.3 
4.8 
3.5 

4.6 
4.4 
4.2 


4.6 
4.6 
4.5 
4.8 
5.0 
4.9 
6.0 
4.4 
4.4 


4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4. 

4.6 

4.5 

4.4 
4.5 
4.8 

4.4 
4.4 
4.7 
4.4 
4.9 

5.1 

4.6 

4 

4.9 

4.8 

4.8 

4.6 

4.7 
4.9 
4.9 
5.1 
6.1 
5.1 
5.0 
4.9 
4.6 

4.9 
5.0 
4.9 
4.9 

4.9 
4.8 
4.8 
5.2 

4.4 
4.3 
4.6 
4.2 
4.2 
4.1 
4.9 
3.8 

4.6 
4.5 
4.3 


4.9 


4.5 
4.7 
4.8 
5.0 
6.2 
5.3 
5.3 
4.8 
4.9 


4.4 
4.3 

4.4 
4.7 
4.6 
4.5 

4.6 
4.7 
5.0 

4.7 
4.7 
4.9 
4.6 
5.0 

5.2 
4.9 
5.1 
4.7 
4.7 
5.1 
4.8 

4.9 
5.2 
6.2 
6.4 
5.4 
5.3 
5.2 
6.2 
4.9 

5.2 
5.3 
5.3 
5.3 

5.3 
5.2 
4.1 
5.4 


6.4 
4.5 

4.9 
4.9 
4.9 


Urban  and  rnral  communities. — ^Table  3  shows  statis- 
tics regarding  dwellings  and  families  in  1910  for  urban 
and  rural  communities. 


Table  3 

division  AND  CLASS  OF 
COMMUNITY. 


"United  States 

TTrban 

Rural 

New  England 

Urban 

Rural 

Middle  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  North  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

West  North  Central 

Urban 

Rural 

South  Atlantic 

Urban 

Rural 

East  South  Centeal.  . 

Urban 

Rural 

West  South  Central. 

Urban 

Rural 

Mountain 

Urban 

Rural 

Pacific 

Urban 

Rural 


Population. 


91,972,266 
42,623,383 
49, 348, 883 


6,562,681 
5,455,345 
1,097,336 

19,315,892 
13,723,373 
6.692,519 

18,250,621 
9,617,271 
8,633,350 

11.637,921 
3,873,716 
7,764,205 

12,194,896 
3,092,153 
9,102,742 

8,409,901 
1,574,229 
6,835,672 

8,784,534 
1,957,456 
6,827,078 

2,633,517 

947,611 

1,686,006 

4,192,304 
2,382,329 
1,809,975 


Dwellings 


Per- 
sons 
to  a 
family. 


As  might  be  expected,  the  average  number  of  persons 
per  dwelling  is  materially  higher  in  urban  than  in  rural 
communities,  except  for  the  three  southern  divisions, 
the  respective  figures  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole 
in  1910  being  5.9  and  4.7.  The  difference  is  particu- 
larly conspicuous  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  in 
which  the  city  of  New  York  is  situated.  The  average 
number  of  persons  per  dwelling  in  the  urban  com- 
munities in  this  division  in  1910  was  7.3,  as  compared 
with  4.6  for  rural  communities. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  average  number 
of  persons  per  census  family  is  slightly  smaller  in  urban 
than  in  rural  communities,  but  in  several  of  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  the  average  is  greater  in  urban 
communities.  It  is  probable  that  large  ''economic" 
families — hotels,  institutions,  etc. — are  more  numerous 
in  urban  than  in  rural  communities,  and  that  if  only 
private  families  were  considered  the  rural  communities 
would  show  a  greater  excess  in  average  size  of  family,  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole,  than  appears  in  the  table. 

Principal  cities. — ^Table  4  shows  statistics  regarding 
dwellings  and  families  for  each  city  of  100,000  or  more 
inhabitants,  and  Table  5  presents  similar  statistics 
for  cities  of  25,000  to  100,000  inhabitants. 

The  city  of  New  York,  with  an  average  of  15.6  per- 
sons per  dwelling  in  1910  (30.9  in  Manhattan  Borough), 
stands  out  conspicuously  among  the  cities  of  100,000 


DWELLINGS  AND   FAMILIES. 


261 


inhabitants  or  more,  in  most  of  which  the  average 
number  of  persons  per  dwelHng  was  below  9,  and  in 
many  of  which  it  was  below  5.  Fall  River  ranks  next 
to  New  York  in  the  average  number  of  persons  per 


dwelling.  The  average  number  of  persons  per  family 
in  1910  was  highest  in  St.  Paul  (5.2)  and  lowest  in 
Indianapolis  (4).  In  New  York  both  in  1910  and  in 
1900  the  average  number  of  persons  per  family  was  4.7. 


DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES   IN  CITIES  HAVING  100,000  INHABITANTS  OR  MORE. 


Table  4 


Albany,  N.Y 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Binningham,  Ala. . 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Conn . . 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  Mass. . 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. . . 
Cleveland,  Ohio.. . 
Columbus,  Ohio ... 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass. . . 
Grand  Rapids.Mich 
Indianapolis,  Ind . . 

Jersey  City,  N.J... 
Kansas  City, Mo... 
Los  Angeles, Cal... 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn. ... 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapol^  Minn. , 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Conn. 
New  Orleans,  La. . , 


Popula- 
tion: 
1910 


100,253 
154,839 
558,485 
132,685 
670,585 
102,054 

423,715 
104,839 
2,185,283 
363,591 
560,663 
181,511 

116,577 
213,381 

465,766 
119,295 
112,571 
233,650 

267,779 
248,381 
319, 198 
223,928 
106,294 
131, 105 

373,857 
301.408 
110,364 
ia3,605 
339,075 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


15,437 
30,308 
101,905 
26,989 
73,919 
14,934 

62,335 
14,577 
246,744 
49,525 
90,465 
39,580 

26,692 
44,736 
83,124 
10,962 
23,432 
53,359 

27,805 
47,978 
69,061 
41,686 
15.056 
26,710 

60,724 
46,903 
22,118 
17.466 
67,192 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


24,069 

35,813 
118,851 

31,050 
139,700 

21,689 

91,328 

22,765 
473, 141 

87,541 
124,822 

42,645 

28,370 
51,339 
100,356 
24,378 
26,925 
58,645 

56,790 
59,296 
78,678 
52,155 
21,932 
31,154 

80,566 
63,241 
26,077 
29,271 
73, 377 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


1910  1900  1890 


6.5 
5.1 
6.5 
4.9 
9.1 
6.8 

6.8 
7.2 
8.9 
7.3 
6.2 
4.6 

4.4 
4. 

5.6 
10.9 
4. 
4.3 


5.2 
4.6 
5.4 
7.1 
4.9 

6.2 
6.4 
5.0 
7.6 
5.0 


6.9 
5.4 
6.7 
6.8 
8.4 
6.3 

7.1 
6.9 
8.8 
8.0 
•6.0 
5.2 

4.7 
4.9 
6.5 
11.0 
4.9 
4.7 

8.7 
5.8 
4.5 
5.9 
6.9 
5.9 

6.2 
6.4 
6.3 
7.1 
5.4 


7.2 
6.7 
6.0 
5.5 
8.5 
6.4 

6.9 
6.8 
8.6 
8.9 
6.0 
5.4 

5.0 
5.9 
6.6 
11.2 
5.3 
5.0 

8.8 
6.7 
4.9 
6.4 
7.2 
5.6 

6.2 
6.5 
5.5 
7.3 
5.6 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMLY. 


1910  1900   1890 


4.2 

4.3 
4.7 
4.3 
4.8 
4.7 

4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.2 
4.5 
4.3 

4.1 
4.2 
4.6 
4.9 
4.2 
4.0 

4.7 
4.2 
4.1 
4.3 
4.8 
4.2 

4.6 
4.8 
4.2 
4.6 
4.6 


4.4 
4.4 
4.8 
4.5 
4.8 
4.6 

4. 

4.7 

4.7 

4.4 

4 

4 

4.3 
4.3 
4.7 
5.0 
4.3 
4.3 

4.6 
4.5 
4.1 
4.6 
4.9 
4.7 

4.8 
4.8 
4.4 
4.6 
4.6 


4.6 
4.9 
5.0 
6.0 
5.0 
4.6 

5.0 
4.9 
5.0 
4.7 
4.9 
4.9 

4.6 
6.4 
4.9 
5.2 
4.5 
4.6 

4.7 
5.0 
4.6 
4.9 
5.2 
4.8 

4.9 
6.0 
4.9 
4.7 
6.0 


New  York,  N.  Y. . . . 

Manhattan  B  or 

Bronx  Borough 

Brooklyn  Borough. 
Queem  Borough. . . 
Richmond  Bor 

Newark,  N  J 

Oakland.  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa.... 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.« 

Portland,  Oreg 

Providence,  R.  I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.Y... . 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . 

Scran  ton.  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.C.. 
Worcester,  Mass 


Popula- 
tion: 
1910 


4,766,883 

i,  S3 1,54s 
4S0,980 

1,634,351 
284,041 
85,969 

347,469 
150,174 
124,096 
125,600 

1,649,008 
533,905 
207,214 
224,326 

127,628 
218,149 
687,029 
214,744 

416,912 
129,867 
237,194 
104,402 

137,249 
168,497 
331,069 
146,986 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


305,698 
75,410 
S8,  733 

147,666 
S9, 764 
U,li5 

38,693 
31,740 
23,657 
15,812 

295,220 
86,942 
37,436 
28,705 

22,205 
38,860 
105,650 
32,616 

66,025 
22,143 
43,669 
20,282 

23,200 
35,888 
58,513 
15,109 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


1,020,827 

493,545 

93,897 

353,666 

62,001 

17,718 

77,039 
36,723 
26,359 
27,978 

327,263 
110,457 
42,029 
49,129 

26,914 
46,787 
155,555 
41,548 

86,414 
26,312 
51,042 
22,676 

31,551 
39,677 
71,339 
30,743 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


1910  1900  1890 


15.6 
SO.  9 
15.0 
11.1 
7.1 
6.1 

9.0 
4.7 
5.2 
7.9 

5.2 
6.1 
5.5 
7.8 

5.7 
5.6 
6.5 
6.6 

6.4 
5.9 
6.4 
5.1 

5.9 
4.7 
5.7 
9.7 


13.7 

23.0 
10.1 
10.2 

e.s 

6.0 

8.1 
4.8 
5.7 

7.7 

5.4 
6.3 
6.2 
7.0 

6.0 
56 
7.0 
6.6 

6.4 
5.9 
6.8 
5.6 

5.7 
4.9 
5.6 
9.0 


12.9 
19.9 


7.8 
6.2 
7.0 
7.9 

5.6 
6.3 
7.4 
7.5 

6.6 
6.6 

7.4 
6.3 

6.3 
6.1 
6.8 
6.9 

6.6 
5.1 
5.9 
8.7 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMILY. 


1910  1900  1890 


4.7 
i-7 
4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.9 

4.5 
4.1 
4.7 
4.5 

4.7 
4.8 
4. 
4.6 

4.7 
4.7 
4.4 
5.2 

4.8 
4.9 
4.6 
4.6 

4.4 
4.2 
4.6 
4.7 


4.7 
4.7 
4.7 
4.6 
4.8 
4.9 

4.5 
4.4 
4.9 
4.5 

4.9 
5.0 
5.4 
4.5 

4 

4.7 

4. 

5.3 

4.8 
4.9 
5.7 
4.5 

4.3 
4.6 
4.9 
4.8 


4.8 
4-8 
6.1 
4.7 
4-9 
5.8 

4.7 
4.8 
6.2 
4.7 

5.1 
5.2 
6.8 
4.5 

5.2 
4.9 
4.9 

5.2 

5.7 
5.1 
5.4 
5.7 

4.6 
4.8 
5.2 
4.8 


I  Includes  Allegheny  for  1900  and  1890. 
DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS. 


Table  5 


Alabama 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Arkansas 
Little  Rock 

Calif  omia 

Berkeley 

Pasadena 

Sacramento 

San  Diego 

San  Jose 

Colorado 
Colorado  Springs... 
Pueblo 

Connecticut 

Hartford 

Meriden  town 

Meridcn  city 

New  Britain 

Norwich  town 

Stamford  town 

Stamford  city 

Waterbury 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Florida 

Jacksonville 

Tampa 

Georgia 

Augusta 

Macon  

Savannah 


Popu- 
lation: 
1910 


51,521 
38,136 


45,941 


40,434 
30,291 
44,696 
39,578 
28,946 


29,078 
44,395 


98,915 
32,006 
27,265 
43,916 
28,219 
28,836 
25,138 
73,141 


87,411 


57,699 
37,782 


41,040 
40,665 
65,064 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


11,181 
8,152 


9,562 


8,720 
7,796 
8,809 
9,874 
6,639 


7,050 
8,686 


11,535 

4,835 
3,879 
4,722 
5,016 
4,  "" 
3,7/7 
7,715 


17,223 


12,263 
7,553 


9,239 
8,606 
13,583 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


12,360 
9,578 

10,217 


9,791 

8,273 

10,189 

10,601 

7,297 


7,456 
9,272 


21,925 
7,257 
6,192 
8,586 
6,376 
6,239 
S,4^ 

14,556 


18,637 


13,228 
8,263 


10,881 
10,293 
16,378 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELUNO. 


1910  1900  1890 


4.6 
4.7 


4.8 


4.6 
3.9 
5.1 
4.0 
4.4 


6.6 
7.0 
9.3 
5.6 
6.4 
6.8 
9.5 


5.1 


4.7 
5.0 


4.4 

4.7 
4.8 


6.0 
4.8 


5.2 


4.6 
4.0 
4.9 
4.0 
4.7 


4.9 

4.9 


8.2 

e.s 

7.8 

( 

( 

s.s 

8.3 


4.5 
5.0 


4.9 
5.0 
5.3 


S.2 


4.8 
3.9 
5.5 
4.4 
5.3 


8.1 
(') 

7.2 

7.9 
(•) 

5.7 
(•) 

8.3 


6.0 
5.6 
5.4 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FA  KILT. 


1910  1900   1890 


4.2 
4.0 


4.6 


4.1 
3.7 
4.4 
3.7 
4.0 


3.9 

4.8 


4.5 
4.4 
14 
5.1 
4.4 
4.6 
4.6 
5.0 


4.7 


3.8 
4.0 
4.0 


4.2 
4.1 


4.6 


4.4 
3.9 
4.3 
3.7 
4.3 


4.4 
4.5 


4.6 
(■) 
4.6 
4.8 

4.S 
4 


3.9 

4.5 


4.0 
3.9 

4.1 


4.8 
4.9 


4.7 


4.8 
3.9 
5.2 
4.3 
5.1 


5.1 
6.5 


4.6 

4.7 
(') 

4.7 
(') 

4.9 


4.9 


4.7 
5.0 


4.4 
5.0 

4.8 


Aurora 

Bloomington. . . 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis. 

Elgm 

Jofiet 

Peoria 

Quincy 

Rockford 

Springfield 


Indiana 


EvansviUe. . . 
Fort  Wayne. 
South  Bend.. 
Terre  Haute. 


Iowa 

Cedar  Rapids. . . 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs.. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Sioux  City 

Waterloo 


Kansas 


Kansas  City. 

Topeka 

Wichita 


Kentucky 

Covington 

Lexington 

Newport 

'  Figures  not  available- 


Popu- 

lalfon: 

1910 


29,807 
25,768 
27,871 
31,140 
58,  ,547 
25, 976 
34, 670 
66,950 
36,587 
45,401 
61,678 


69,647 
63,933 
53,684 
58,157 


32,811 
25, 577 
29,292 
43,028 
86,368 
38.494 
47.828 
28,693 


82,331 
43,684 
52,450 


53,270 
35,099 
30,309 


Dwell 
ings: 
1910 


6,236 
6,082 
6,793 
7,131 

11,628 
6,383 
6,006 

14,111 
7,685 
8,802 

11,214 


15,240 
13,879 
11,200 
13, 457 


7,580 
5,765 
6,344 
8,900 
18,694 
7,472 
9,293 
5,708 


18,279 
10,387 
11,293 


9,841 
7,880 
5,470 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


6,864 
6,455 
7,167 
7,   '' 

12,888 
6,024 
7,199 

15,225 
8,792 

10, 437 

11,905 


16,196 
14,625 
12, 039 
14,320 


7,949 
5,978 
6,722 
10,316 
20,599 
8,417 
10,204 
6,093 


19,677 
11,243 
12,671 


12,621 
8,530 
7,315 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


1910  1900  1890 


4.8 
4.2 
4.1 
4.4 
5.0 
4.8 
5.8 
4.7 
4.8 
5.2 
4 


4. 

4.6 
4.8 
4.3 


4.7 
4.6 
4.7 
4.4 
5.2 
5.1 
5.7 
5.2 
4.9 
5.2 
4.9 


5.1 
4.7 
5.1 
4.7 


4.6 
4.5 
4.9 
5.0 
4.9 
5.5 
5.2 
4.5 


5.9 

4.8 
5.8 


4.9 
4.8 
4.7 
4.7 
5.8 
5.5 
5.9 
5.1 
5.3 
5.4 
6.1 


5.6 
5.4 
5.2 
4.9 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMILY. 


1910  1900  1890 


4.3 
4.0 
3.9 
4.1 
4.5 
4.3 
4.8 
4.4 
4.2 
4.4 
4.3 


4.3 
4.4 
4.6 
4.1 


4.1 
4.3 

4.4 
4.2 
4.2 
4.6 
4.7 
4.4 


4.3 
4.4 
4.7 
4.4 
4.4 
4.9 
4.6 
4.1 


4.5 
4.7 
4.5 
4.5 
5.2 
5.0 
5.7 
4.8 
4.7 
4.6 
4.7 


4.8  6.2 

4.5  4.9 

4.6  4.8 
4.3  4.6 


4.7 
4.7 
4.8 
4.6 
4.8 
4.9 
6.3 
4.3 


4.7 
4.4 
4.6 


4.S 
4.7 
4.7 


262  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— POPULATION. 

DWELLINGS  AND  FAMILIES  IN  CITIES  HAVING  FROM  25,000  TO  100,000  INHABITANTS— Continued. 


Table  5— Continued. 


Louisiana 

Shreveport 

Maine 

Lewis  ton 

Portiand 

Massachusetts 

Brockton 

Broolcline  town 

Ctielsea 

Chicopee 

Everett 

Fitchburg 

Haverhiil 

Hoiyolie 

Lawrence 

Lynn 

Maiden 

New  Bedford 

Newton 

Pittsfieid 

Quincy 

Salem 

Somerville 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Waltham 

Michigan 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Flint 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Saginaw 

Minnesota 

Duluth 

Missouri 

Joplin 

St.  Joseph 

Springfield 

Montana 
Butte 

Nebraska 

Lincoln 

South  Omaha 

New  Hampshire 

Manchester 

Nashua 

New  Jersey 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizabeth 

Hoboken 

Orange 

Passaic 

Perth  Amboy 

Trenton 

West  Hoboken  town. 

New  York 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Binghamton 

Ebmra 

Jamestown 

Kingston 

Mount  Vernon 

New  Boehelle 

Newburgh 

Niagara  Falls 

Poughkeepaie 

Schenectady 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown , 

Yonkers 


Popu- 
lation: 
1910 


28,015 


26,247 
68,571 


56,878 
27,792 
32,452 
25,401 
33,484 
37,826 
44,115 
57, 730 
85,892 
89,336 
44,404 
96,652 
39,806 
32, 121 
32,642 
43,697 
77,236 
88,926 
34,259 
27,834 


25,267 
45,166| 
38, 550 
31,433 
39,4371 
31,229 
50,510 


78,466; 

32,073 
77,403 
35,201 

39,165 


43,973 
26,259 


70,063 
26,005 


46,150 
55,545 
94,538 
34,371 
73,409 
70,324 
29,630 
64,773 
32, 121 
96,815 
35,403 


31,267 
34,668 
48,443 
37,176 
31,297 
25,908 
30,919 
28,867 
27,805 
30,445 
27,936 
72,826 
76,813 
74,419 
26,730 
79,803 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


6,070 


3,150 
9,460 


8,246 
3,733 
3,570 
3,288 
5,590 
4,869 
7,332 
4,841 
10,413 
13, 112 
7,419 
11,504 
7,403 
5,834 
6,128 
5,917 
12, 139 
13,352 
5,407 
4,723 


6,170 
9,579 
7,393 
7,464 
8,412 
6,849 
11,563 


7,592 
16,086 
7,906 

7,476 


9,507 
4,962 


8,694 
4,708 


7,942 
6,147 

20,260 
6,108 

10,090 
4,433 
4,391 
5,135 
4,209 

17,932 
3,723 


4,122 
6,776 
8,437 
7,982 
5,"" 
4,834 
4,592 
4, — 
4,233 
6,671 
4,576 
10,639 
10, 745 
10,333 
5,754 
7,857 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


6,697 


5,368 
13,591 


13, 161 
5,858 
6,597 
4,438 
7,581 
7,931 
9,975 
11,265 
17. 142 
19, 786 
9,895 
20,820 
8,236 
6,748 
7,081 
9,265 
18,440 
19,968 
7,276 
5,796 


6,720 
9,956 
8,527 
7,935 
9,096 
7,382 
11,926 


14,736 

8,052 
17,138 
8,419 

8,566 


10,472 
5,245 


14,166 
5,650 


9,744 
10,998 
21,482 

7,717 
15,434 
15, 520 

6,294 
10,257 

6,367 
19,678 

8,374 


6,686 

7,'" 

11,438 

8,981 

7,731 

6,054 

6,797 

6,826 

6,620 

6,621 

6,834 

15,868 

18,109 

16,053 

6,512 

16,219 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


1910  1900  1890 


&3 
6.2 


a9 

7.4 
9.1 
7.7 
6.0 
7 

6.0 
11.9 
8.2 
6.8 
6.0 

a4 

5.4 
5.5 
5.3 
7.4 
6.4 
6.7 
6.3 
5.9 


4.1 

4.7 
5.2 
4.2 
4.7 
4.6 
4.4 


&6 

4.2 
4.8 
4.5 


4.6 
5.3 


8.1 
5.5 


5.8 
9.0 
4.7 
5.6 
7.3 

15.9 
6.7 

10.7 
7.6 
6.4 
9.5 


7.6 
5.1 
5.7 
4.7 
6.5 
6.4 
6.7 
6.7 
6.6 
5.4 
6.1 
6.8 
7.1 
7.2 
4.6 
10.2 


4.6 


ao 

6.1 


6.0 
7.1 
6.6 
7.0 
5.4 
6.8 
5.8 
10 
7.7 
6.2 
5.3 
7.1 
5.4 
5.2 
5.3 
6.8 
5. 

6.1 
6.2 
5.4 


4.4 
5.0 
4.4 
4.4 
47 
4.3 
45 


6.5 

4  8 
6.7 
4  8 


7.7 
5.5 


5.0 
7.4 
4  5 
5.5 
6.7 
14  2 
6.3 
9.0 
7.2 
6.1 
8.0 


6.5 
5.3 
5.6 
4  9 
5.2 
5.7 
6.0 
6.1 
6.1 
5.3 
6.0 
7.0 
7.8 
6.2 
4  8 
9.0 


4  7 


a6 

&3 


6.6 

7.2 
6.2 
6.9 
5.3 
6.4 
6.6 
1L3 
7.7 
6.5 
5.6 
6.7 
5.7 
5.5 
4  8 
6.8 
6.1 
6.4 
6.3 
5.6 


4  7 
5.3 
46 
47 
4  9 
47 
5.2 


a  2 

6.2 
6.6 
5.1 


6.2 
5.2 


8.3 
6.6 


47 
7.1 

4  7 

(0 
6.5 

12.8 
6.4 
7.6 
6.6 
6.0 

(0 


6.2 
6.2 
6.3 
6.3 
5.1 
6.2 
5.1 
6.7 
6.8 

(') 
6.3 
6.4 
7.8 
6.0 
4  8 
8.6 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMILY. 


1910  1900   1890 


49 
43 


43 

47 
49 
5.7 
44 
48 
44 
5.1 
5.0 
45 
46 
46 
48 
48 
46 
47 
42 
45 
47 
48 


3.8 
45 
45 
40 
43 
42 
42 


40 
4  6 
42 

46 


4  2 
5.0 


49 
46 


4  7 
6.1 
4  4 
4  6 
4 

4  5 
4  7 
6.3 
5.0 
4  9 
4  2 


4  7 
44 
42 
41 
4  0 
4  3 
4  5 
5.0 
4  2 
4  6 
41 
4  6 
4  2 
4  6 
41 
4  9 


49 

44 


43 
5.0 
45 
5.5 
44 
47 
42 
5.1 
49 
44 
44 
45 
49 
47 
47 
45 
43 
44 
47 
49 


3.9 

47 
41 
41 
43 
4  2 
44 


4  5 
6.0 
4  4 


6.1 
6.3 


4  9 
4  6 


5.1 
6.0 
4  4 
4  9 
4  8 
4  4 
4  8 
5.1 
5.1 
4  9 
4  3 


4  4 


5.2 
44 


44 
5.1 
4  5 
5.4 
4  3 
47 
46 
5.3 
49 
46 
45 
45 
5.1 
49 
5.6 
44 
45 
4  5 
47 
49 


41 
5.0 
42 
43 
45 
45 
49 


6.8 

5.0 
6.3 
4  9 


6.0 
6.2 


5.2 

4  7 


4  6 
6.6 
4  6 

(') 
4.9 
4  6 
5.1 
5.3 
5.1 
4  8 
(') 


4  7 
4  7 
4  6 
46 
4  4 
4  6 
4  9 
6.4 
4  6 

(') 
4  4 
4  6 
4  7 
4  6 
4  4 
5.3 


North  Carolina 

Charlotte 

Wilmington 

Ohio 

Aliron 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Lima 

Lorain 

Newark 

Springfield 

Youngstown 

Zanesville 

Oklahoma 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City , 

Pennsylvania 

AUentown 

Altoona 

Chester 

Easton 

Erie 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

McKeesport 

New  Castle 

Norristo\vn  borough. , 

Reading 

Shenandoah  borough 

WUkes-Barre 

Williamsport 

York 

Rhode  Island 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 

South  Carolina 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Tennessee 

Chattanooga 

Knoxville 

Texas 

Austin 

Dallas 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth 

Galveston 

Houston 

San  Antonio 

Waco 

Utah 
Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City 

Vlrgrinla 

Lynchburg , 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Roanoke , 

Washington 

Tacoma , 

West  Virginia 

Huntington 

Wheeling 

Wisconsin 

Green  Bay 

La  Crosse 

Madison 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Supenor 


Popu- 
lation : 
1910 


34,014 
25,748 

69,067 
50,217 
35, 279 
30,508 
28,883 
25,404 
46,921 
79,066 
28,026 


25,278 
64,205 


51,913 
52,127 
38,537 
28,523 
66,525 
64,186 
25,452 
55,482 
47,227 
42,694 
36,280 
27,875 
96,071 
25, 774 
67,105 
31,860 
44,750 


27, 149 
51,622 
26,629 
38,125 


58,833 
26,319 


44,604 
36,346 

29,860 
92,104 
39,279 
73,312 
36,981 
78,800 
96, 614 
26,425 

25,580 
92,777 


29,494 
67, 452 
33,190 
34,874 


83,743 


31, 161 
41,641 


25, 236 
30,417 
25, 531 
33,062 
38,002 
26,398 
40,384 


Dwell- 
ings: 
1910 


7,079 
5,461 

13,701 
10,722 
7,626 
6,929 
6,071 
6,138 
11,050 
14,280 
6,755 


6,197 
11,516 


11,379 

11,024 
7,769 
6,660 

12,437 

14,461 
4,6a3 
9,790 

10,524 
7,553 
7,532 
6,121 

20,798 
4,059 

12, 127 
7,266 

10,078 


4,477 
6,699 
4,939 
4,200 


9,652 
4,979 


9,023 


6,836 
18,536 

7,992 
14, 585 

7,361 
15,903 
19,574 

5,315 

4,932 
17,856 


6,476 
11,953 
6,633 
6,223 


16,253 


6,023 
7,769 


5,072 
6,257 
5,182 
7,169 
7,054 
4,714 
6,105 


Fami- 
lies: 
1910 


7,740 
5,878 

15,851 
11,845 
8,256 
7,358 
6,076 
6,439 
11,621 
16,228 
7,163 


6,799 
13,665 


11,772 

11,473 

8,032 

6,935 

14,742 

15,073 

5,002 

10,665 

10,836 

8,802 

8,146 

5,391 

21,809 

4,619 

13,247 

7,660 

10,405 


5,531 
11,299 
5,719 
7,480 


15,093 

5,745 


10,580 
7,905 

6,194 
20,516 

8,792 
16,295 

8,258 
17,040 
21,096 

5,651 

5,424 
20,283 


6,242 
15, 498 
7,120 
7,179 


18,064 


6,541 
9,843 


5,448 
6,686 
5,949 
7,581 
8,286 
5,859 
7.046 


PERSONS  TO  A 
DWELLING. 


1910  1900  1890 


48 
4  7 

6.0 
4  7 
4.6 
4  4 
6.7 
41 
4  2 
6.6 
41 


49 
6.6 


46 
4  7 
6.0 
4  3 
6.3 
4  4 
5.4 
5.7 
4  6 
5.7 
4  8 
5.4 
4  6 
6.3 
6.5 
44 
4  4 


6.1 
7.7 
6.4 
9.1 


6.1 
5.3 


49 
5.3 

5.1 
5.0 
4  9 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
4  9 
5.0 

5.2 
5.2 


5.4 
5.6 
6.0 
5.6 


5.2 


5.2 

5.4 


5.0 
49 
4  9 
4  6 
5.4 
5.6 
6.6 


6.2 
47 

49 
4  6 
6.0 
4  6 
6.0 
4  6 
4  8 
5.4 
4.4 


47 
5.4 


47 
4  9 
6.1 
4  5 
5.4 
4  6 
5.0 
5.4 
4  7 
5.6 
49 
5.3 
4  9 
5.8 
5.3 
4  6 
4  7 


5.8 
6.7 
6.5 
9.1 


6.4 

5.7 


5.2 
5.6 

5.3 
5.2 
5.0 
4  9 
5.2 
5.2 
5.1 
5.3 

5.1 
5.-2 


5.7 
6.1 
6.4 
5.6 


6.4 


6.2 
5.1 
5.4 
4  9 
5.3 
5.6 
6.3 


5.1 
5.0 

6.0 
5.2 
5.2 
6.3 
5.0 
4  8 
4  8 
6.5 
4  8 


3.6 


5.0 
6.2 
5.1 
4  4 
5.7 
48 
5.4 
6.6 
49 
6.8 
49 
5.4 
6.0 
6.7 
5.4 
4  9 
4  6 


6.1 
7.2 
5.8 
9.5 


6.7 
6.1 


5.3 
6.1 

5.3 
5.6 
5.2 
5.6 
6.1 
5.4 
5.6 
5.3 

5.7 
6.4 


6.3 
6.0 
5.7 
6.5 


6.1 
5.8 


5.9 
5.5 
5.2 
6.2 
5.1 
6.0 


PERSONS  TO  A 
FAMILY. 


1910  1900  1890 


4  4 
4.4 

44 
4  2 
4  3 
41 
4  8 
3.9 
4  0 
4  9 
3.9 


44 
4  5 
4  8 
41 
46 
4  3 
6.1 
5.2 
4  4 
49 
4  5 
6.2 
44 
5.6 
5.1 
4  2 
4  3 


4  9 
4  6 
4  7 
5.1 


3.9 
4 


4  2 
46 

48 
45 
45 
45 
4  5 
4  6 
4  6 
4  7 

4  7 
4. 


4  7 
4.4 
4  7 
4  9 


48 
42 


4  6 
4  6 
4  3 
4  4 
4  6 
4  5 
5.7 


i  Figures  not  available. 


AGRICULTURE 

Chapter    9.— FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY 

Chapter  10.— TENURE,  MORTGAGE  INDEBTEDNESS,  COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS, 

AND  SIZE  OF  FARMS- 
CHAPTER  11.— LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS  AND  ELSEWHERE 
Chaf»TER  12.— live  stock  products  and  domestic  animals  SOLD  OR  SLAUGHTERED 

ON  FARMS 
Chapter  13.— FARM  CROPS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE 
Chapter  14.— IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS 


(263) 


Chapter  9. 
FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPEETY. 


UinTED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE:  1910  AND  1900. 


The  present  chapter  gives  the  principal  data  per- 
taining to  farms  and  farm  property,  by  states  and 
geographic  divisions,  for  1910  and  1900,  and  by  geo- 
graphic divisions  for  each  census  from  1850  to  1910. 


The  following  table  summarizes,  for  the  United 
States  (excluding  noncontiguous  possessions) ,  the  prin- 
cipal facts  with  regard  to  farms  and  farm  property  for 
the  years  1910  and  1900: 


FARMS,  FARM  LAND,  AND  FARM  PROPERTY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Table  1 


Population 

Urban  population  ^ 

Rural  population ' 

Number  of  all  farms 

Land  area  of  the  country acres. 

Land  in  farms acres. 

Improved  land  in  farms acres. 

Average  acreage  per  farm 

Average  improved  acreage  per  farm 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  in  farms 

Per  cent  of  land  in  farms  improved 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  improved 

Value  of  farm  property,  total 

Land 

Buildings 

Implements  and  machinery 

Domestic  animals,  poultry,  and  bees 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  farm 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  acre  of  land  in  farms 
Average  value  of  land  per  acre 


1910 

(April  15) 


91, 972, 266 
42, 623, 383 
49, 348, 883 

6, 361,  602 

*  1, 903,  289,  600 
878,  798,  325 
478, 451, 750 

138.1 
75.2 
46.2 
54.4 
25.1 

$40, 991, 449, 090 

28, 475,  674, 169 
6, 325, 451,  528 
1,  265, 149,  783 
4, 925, 173,  610 

$6,444 
146.64 
132.40 


1900 

(June  1) 


75, 994, 575 
31,  609, 645 
44,  384,  930 

5, 737, 372 

*  1,  903, 461,  760 

838, 591,  774 

414, 498, 487 

146.2 
72.2 
44.1 
49.4 
2L8 

$20, 439, 901, 164 

13, 058,  007,  995 

3,  556,  639,  496 

749,  775,  970 

3,  075, 477,  703 

$3,563 
$24.  37 
$15.  57 


IKCBEASE.I 


Amount. 


15, 977,  691 

11, 013, 738 

4, 963, 953 

624, 130 

* -172, 160 
40,  206, 551 
63,  953,  263 

-8.1 
3.0 


$20,  661,  647, 926 

15, 417,  666, 174 

2,  768,  812,  032 

515,  373,  813 

1, 849, 695, 907 

$2,  881 
$22.  27 
$16.  83 


Per  cent. 


2L0 
34.8 
11.2 

10.9 


4.8 
15.4 

-5.5 
4.2 


100.6 

118.1 
77.8 
68.7 
60.1 

80.9 

9L4 

108.1 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotPS  dpcrcasc. 

»  Population  of  incorijorated  places  having,  in  1910, 2,500  or  more  inhabitants.   The  figure  for  1900  does  not  represent  the  urban  population  according  to  that 
'  census  but  is  the  population  in  that  year  of  the  territory  classified  as  urban  in  1910. 
'  Total,  exclusive  of  urban.    (See  Note  2.) 

*  Change  in  area  due  to  the  drainage  of  lakes  and  swamps  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,  building  of  the  Roosevelt  and  Laguna  reservoirs,  and  the  formation  of  the 
Salton  Sea  in  California. 


There  are  in  the  United  States  6,361,502  farms,* 
containing  a  total  of  878,798,000  acres,^  of  which 
478,452,000  acres  are  improved.  The  land  in  farms 
represents  somewhat  less  than  one-half,  46.2  percent, 
of  the  total  land  area  of  the  country,  while  the  im- 
proved land  represents  somewhat  over  one-half,  54.4 


per  cent,  of  the  total  acreage  of  land  in  farms.  Im- 
proved land  in  farms  thus  represents  almost  exactly 
one-fourth,  25.1  per  cent  of  the  total  land  area  of  the 
country.  On  the  average  the  farms  of  the  United 
States  contain  138.1  acres,  of  which,  on  the  average, 
over  one-haK,  75.2  acres,  are  improved  land. 


>  Faxjn.— A  "farm"  for  census  purposes  is  all  the  land  which  is  directly  fanned 
by  one  person  managing  and  conducting  agricultural  operations,  either  by  his  own 
labor  alone  or  with  the  assistance  of  members  of  his  household  or  hired  employees. 
The  term  "agricultural  operations"  is  used  as  a  general  term  referring  to  the  work 
of  growing  crops,  producing  other  agricultural  products,  and  raising  animals,  fowls, 
and  bees.  A  "farm"  as  thus  defined  may  consist  of  a  single  tract  of  land  or  of  a 
number  of  separate  and  distinct  tracts,  and  these  several  tracts  may  be  held  under 
different  tenures,  as  where  one  tract  is  owned  by  the  farmer  and  another  tract  is 
hired  by  him.  Further,  when  a  landowner  has  one  or  more  tenants,  renters,  crop- 
pers, or  managers,  the  land  operated  by  each  is  considered  a  "farm." 

In  applying  the  foregoing  definition  of  a  "farm"  for  census  purposes,  enumerators 
were  instructed  to  report  as  a  "  farm  "  any  tract  of  3  or  more  acres  used  for  agricultural 
purposes,  no  matter  what  the  value  of  the  products  raised  upon  the  land  or  the 
amount  of  labor  involved  in  operating  the  same  in  1909.  In  addition,  they  were 
Instructed  to  report  in  the  same  manner  all  tracts  containing  less  than  3  acres  which 
either  produced  at  least  $250  worth  of  farm  products  in  the  year  1909,  or  on  which 
the  continuous  services  of  at  least  one  person  were  expended. 


'  Land  in  farms.— Land  in  farms  is  divided  at  the  present  census  into  (1) 
improved  land ,  (2)  woodland,  and  (3)  all  other  unimproved  land.  The  same  classi- 
fication was  followed  in  1880.  At  former  censuses,  except  that  of  1880,  farm  land 
was  divided  into  improved  land  and  unimproved  land,  woodland  being  included 
with  unimproved  land.  Improved  land  includes  all  land  regularly  tilled  or  mowed, 
land  pastured  and  cropped  in  rotation,  land  lying  fallow,  land  in  gardens,  orchards, 
vineyards,  and  nurseries,  and  land  occupied  by  farm  buildings.  Woodlaiid  includes 
all  land  covered  with  natural  or  planted  forest  trees  which  produce,  or  later  may 
produce,  firewood  or  other  forest  products.  All  other  unimproved  land  includes 
brush  land,  rough  or  stony  land,  swamp  land,  and  any  other  land  which  is  not 
improved  or  in  forest.  It  should  be  noted,  however,  in  this  connection  that  the 
census  classification  of  farm  land  as  "improved  land,"  "woodland,"  and  "other 
unimproved  land  "  is  one  not  always  easy  for  the  farmers  or  enumerators  to  make, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  farmers  sometimes  use  these  terms  with  different  mean- 
ings from  those  assigned  to  them  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census.  There  is  evidence 
that  the  same  kind  of  land  has  at  certain  times  and  places  been  reported  as 
"improved  land  "  and  at  other  times  and  places  as  "  unimproved  land,"  rendering 
these  classifications  less  accurate  than  the  report  of  total  farm  acreage  and  value. 

(265) 


266 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  total  value  of  farm  property  reaches  the  enor- 
mous sum  of  $40,991,000,000,  of  which  over  two- 
thirds  represents  the  value  of  land,  about  one-sixth 
the  value  of  buildings,  and  about  another  one-sixth 
the  combined  value  of  implements  and  machinery  and 
of  live  stock.  The  average  value  of  all  farm  property 
per  farm  reporting  is  $6,444.  The  average  value  of  all 
farm  property  per  acre  of  land  in  farms  is  $46.64,  and 
the  average  value  of  the  land  itself  per  acre  is  $32.40. 

It  is  a  significant  fact  that  whereas  the  total  popu- 
lation increased  21  per  cent  between  1900  and  1910, 
the  urban  population  increased  34.8  per  cent  and 
the  rural  population  only  11.2  per  cent.  The  num- 
ber and  acreage  of  farms  mcreased  much  less  rapidly 
the;^  the  total  population,  but  the  growth  in  the 
number  of  farms  nearly  kept  pace  with  the  move- 
ment of  the  rural  population,  amounting  to  10.9  per 
cent.  The  total  farm  acreage,  on  the  other  hand,  in- 
creased only  4.8  per  cent.  This,  however,  is  less 
significant  than  the  increase  in  acreage  of  improved 
farm  land,  which  amounted  to  15.4  per  cent,  showing 
a  greater  percentage  of  mcrease  than  the  number  of 
farms  or  rural  population  but  still  f aUuig  appreciably 
behind  the  increase  in  total  population.  It  should  be 
noted  that  "rural  population"  is  a  much  broader  term 
than  ''agricultural  population."  "Rural"  as  here 
used  includes  the  entire  population  outside  of  incor- 


porated places,  including  New  England  "towns," 
having  2,500  inhabitants  or  more. 

The  average  size  of  a  farm  decreased  from  146.2  acres 
in  1900  to  138.1  acres  in  1910,  but  the  average  acreage 
of  improved  land  per  farm  was  somewhat  greater  in 
the  later  year  than  in  the  earlier.  It  is  possible  that 
the  reported  increase  in  the  proportion  of  farm  land  im- 
proved, from  49.4  per  cent  in  1900  to  54.4  in  1910,  is 
partly  due  to  differences  of  interpretation  as  to  what 
constitutes  improved  land.      (See  definitions,  p.  265.) 

The  total  value  of  farm  property  a  Httle  more  than 
doubled  during  the  decade  1900  to  1910.  The  greater 
part  of  this  extraordinary  increase  has  been  in  farm 
land,  the  value  of  which  increased  no  less  than  118.1 
per  cent,  and  this  in  turn  was  due  largely  to  the  ad- 
vance in  the  price  of  land,  the  average  value  per  acre 
being  more  than  twice  as  high  in  1910  as  in  1900 — 
$32.40  as  compared  with  $15.57.  There  have  been 
remarkable  increases,  also,  in  the  value  of  farm  build- 
ings and  equipment,  the  value  of  buildings  having 
increased  77.8  per  cent,  that  of  implements  and 
macliinery  68.7  per  cent,  and  that  of  Uve  stock  60.1 
per  cent. 

Notwithstanding  the  decrease  in  the  average  size  of 
farms,  the  value  of  all  farm  property  per  farm  in- 
creased from  $3,563  in  1900  to  $6,444  in  1910,  or  80.9 
per  cent. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  lAND,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Geographic  distribution  of  farms  and  farm  land. — 
The  agricultural  industry  of  the  country  is  very  un- 
equally distributed  among  its  diflferent  sections  and 
states.  Table  3,  on  pages  268  and  269,  shows  for  each  of 
the  nine  main  geographic  divisions  and  for  each  state 
the  total  and  rural  population,  number  of  farms, 
total  land  area,  and  acreage  of  farm  land  and  of 
improved  farm  land  for  1910  and  1900.  It  also  shows 
what  percentage  of  the  respective  totals  was  found  in 
each  division  and  state  at  each  of  these  censuses. 

While  the  differences  among  the  several  geographic 
divisions  as  regards  the  proportions  in  which  they  con- 
tribute to  the  farming  industry  of  the  country  are 
naturally  affected  greatly  by  the  differences  in  the 
total  area  of  the  divisions,  it  is  evident  that  they  are 
due  in  large  degree  to  differences  in  the  extent  to 
which  the  land  is  capable  of  utilization  for  farming 
purposes,  or  has  thus  far  been  so  utilized.  For  in- 
stance, the  Mountain  division,  wliich  comprises  28.89 
per  cent  of  the  total  land  area,  has  only  3.33  per  cent 
of  the  improved  farm  land. 

There  is  little  correspondence  between  the  geo- 
graphic distribution  of  population  and  that  of  the 
agricultural  industry.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
"rural  population,"  as  shown  in  the  table,  includes 
large  numbers  of  persons  not  living  on  farms,  there  is, 
naturally,  a  somewhat  closer  correspondence  between 


the  distribution  of  the  rural  population  and  that  of 
the  number  of  farms  and  the  acreage  of  farm  land. 

Table  3  shows  that,  whether  the  importance  of  the 
agricultural  industry  be  judged  by  the  number  of 
farms,  the  total  acreage  of  farms,  or  the  total  improved 
acreage,  the  great  bulk  of  it  is  to  be  found  in  five 
geographic  divisions — namely,  the  four  which  con- 
stitute the  territory  between  the  Alleghenies  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains  (East  and  West  North  Central  and 
East  and  West  South  Central)  together  with  the  South 
Atlantic.  Each  of  these  five  divisions  has  in  the 
neighborhood  of  one-sixth  of  the  total  number  of 
farms  in  the  country. 

The  West  North  Central  division  has  a  decidedly 
larger  acreage  of  farm  land  than  any  other;  it  con- 
tains 26.5  per  cent  of  the  total  farm  acreage  of  the 
United  States.  The  West  South  Central  division 
ranks  next,  with  19.2  per  cent  of  the  total,  followed 
by  the  East  North  Central  and  the  South  Atlantic. 
Notwithstanding  their  great  total  area,  the  Moun- 
tain and  Pacific  divisions  contain  only  a  compara- 
tively small  proportion  of  the  present  farm  land  of 
the  country. 

The  acreage  of  improved  farm  land  is  on  the  whole 
the  best  criterion  of  the  agricultural  importance  of  a 
given  state  or  division.  Five-sixths  of  the  improved 
farm  land  of  the  country  is  in  the  two  North  Central, 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


267 


the  two  South  Central,  and  the  South  Atlantic  divi- 
sions. More  than  one-third  of  the  total  (34.3  per  cent) 
is  found  in  the  West  North  Central  division,  the  broad 
prairies  of  which  are  pecuharly  adapted  for  almost 
complete  utihzation  for  farming  purposes.  The  East 
North  Central  division  ranks  next,  containing  18,6 
per  cent  of  the  improved  farm  land  of  the  country,  and 
the  West  South  Central  follows  with  12.2  per  cent. 
The  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions  together  con- 
tribute less  than  8  per  cent  of  the  total,  this  small 
proportion  being  due  partly  to  the  newness  of  this 
section  and  partly  to  the  great  extent  of  mountainous 
and  arid  territory. 

It  is  convenient  also  to  consider  the  country  as 
divided  into  three  great  groups  of  states,  which  may  be 
designated,  in  general  terms,  as  the  North,  the  South, 
and  the  West,  The  North  includes  the  first  four  divi- 
sions Hsted  in  Table  3,  the  South  the  next  three  divi- 
sions, and  the  West  the  last  two.  Another  convenient 
comparison  is  between  the  territory  east  and  that  west 
of  the  Mississippi  River. 

The  following  table  shows,  for  each  of  these  sections, 
the  percentages  which  the  number  of  farms,  the  acreage 
of  farm  land,  and  the  acreage  of  improved  farm  land 
represent  of  the  totals  for  the  United  States: 


Table  2 

PKB  CSNT  or  UNITED  STATES  TOTALS. 

SECTION. 

Number  of 
farms. 

AU  land  in 
farms. 

Improved 
land  In  farms. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

United  States 

100.0 

45.4 

48.7 

5.9 

100.0 

50.1 
46.7 
4.2 

100.0 
47.1 
40.3 
12.6 

100.0 
45.6 
43.2 
11.2 

100.0 
60.6 
31.5 
7.9 

100.0 

The  North 

63.0 

The  South 

30.4 

The  West /. . 

6.6 

Kast  of  the  Mississippi 

61.9 
38.1 

64.1 
35.9 

41.7 
58.3 

43.8 
56.2 

45.6 
54.4 

51.1 

West  of  the  Mississippi . . 

48.9 

While  the  South  has  a  larger  proportion  of  the  num- 
ber of  farms  than  the  North,  it  has  a  smaller  propor- 
tion of  the  total  farm  land  of  the  country,  and  a 
decidedly  smaller  proportion  of  the  improved  farm 
land.  The  North  contained  a  sHghtly  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  total  area  of  farm  land  in  1910  than  it  did  in 
1900,  but  its  proportion  of  the  improved  farm  land 
was  less  in  the  later  year  than  in  the  earher.  Precisely 
the  opposite  is  true  of  the  South, 

The  movement  of  agriculture  toward  the  West, 
which  had  been  going  on  since  the  first  settlement  of 
the  country,  continued  during  the  past  decade.  The 
four  divisions  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi,  taken  to- 
gether, comprised  54.4  per  cent  of  the  improved  farm 
land  of  the  country  in  1910  as  compared  with  48.9  per 
cent  in  1900. 

Increases  and  decreases:  1900-1910. — It  will  be  seen 
by  Table  3  that  in  the  territory  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
east  of  the  Mississippi,  comprising  three  geographic 
divisions — New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  and  East 


North  Central — there  was  an  actual  decrease  in  the  num- 
ber of  farms  between  1900  and  1910,  despite  a  large 
increase  in  population.  In  the  West  North  Central 
division  the  increase  in  the  number  of  farms  has  been 
comparatively  small,  amounting  to  4.6  per  cent.  In 
all  of  the  other  five  divisions  there  has  been  a  very  con- 
siderable increase  in  the  number  of  farms.  In  the 
East  South  Central  and  Mountain  divisions  the  num- 
ber increased  more  rapidly  than  the  total  population. 

Great  differences  appear  among  the  several  geo- 
graphic divisions  with  respect  to  the  changes  in  the 
total  acreage  of  land  in  farms.  In  the  New  England, 
Middle  Atlantic,  South  Atlantic,  and  West  South 
Central  divisions  tliere  was  a  decrease  in  the  acreage 
reported  in  farms.  The  largest  decrease,  both  in 
absolute  amount  and  in  percentage,  was  in  the  West 
South  Central  division,  but  this  is  in  a  sense  mis- 
leading. A  considerable  increase  in  the  acreage  of 
farms  occurred  in  two  of  the  states  of  the  division, 
Arkansas  and  Oklahoma.  In  Louisiana  a  moderate 
decrease  appeared,  due  to  the  purchase  by  nonresi- 
dents of  undeveloped  lands  in  the  extreme  southern 
part  of  the  state,  which  had  been  reported  as  parts  of 
farms  in  1900,  although  not  actually  used  for  agricul- 
ture. A  larger  percentage  of  the  total  land  area  of 
the  state  is  now  improved  than  in  1900.  In  Texas 
there  was  nominally  a  very  great  decrease  in  the  acre- 
age of  farm  land,  but  a  large  part  if  not  all  of  this 
was  due  to  the  fact  that  in  1900  the  state  contained 
many  enormous  ranches  which  in  their  entirety  were 
reported  as  farm  land,  whereas  in  1910  many  of  these 
ranches  were  broken  into  smaller  tracts,  some  of 
which  were  reported  as  farms,  while  others  had  not 
been  put  to  use  for  agriculture.  Some  large  tracts  of 
land  which  were  owned  by  nonresidents  and  not  used 
at  the  time  of  enumeration  in  1910  had  been  used 
more  or  less  for  grazing  in  1900,  The  acreage  of 
improved  land  in  Texas  increased  greatly  during  the 
decade. 

In  the  East  North  Central  and  East  South  Central 
divisions  there  was  a  slight  increase  in  farm  land 
during  the  past  decade.  In  the  West  North  Central 
division  over  31,000,000  acres  more  land  was  reported 
in  farms  in  1910  than  in  1900,  this  increase  represent- 
ing more  than  three-fourths  of  the  total  increase  for 
the  United  States.  The  percentage  of  increase  in  this 
division,  15.7  per  cent,  was,  however,  exceeded  by 
that  in  the  Mountain  division,  28.3  per  cent.  A  very 
considerable  increase  in  farm  land  was  also  reported 
for  the  Pacific  states. 

Most  of  the  states  show  the  same  movement  with 
regard  to  acreage  of  farm  land  as  the  divisions  in  which 
they  are  situated,  but  there  are  a  few  exceptions.  In 
the  East  North  Central  division,  for  example,  which  as 
a  whole  showed  an  increase,  this  was  confined  to  the 
states  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  there  being  de- 
creases in  farm  land  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois. 


268 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


FARMS,  LAND  IN  FARMS,  AND  POPULATION,  BY  STATES  AND  DIVISIONS,  WITH  PER  CENT 
[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  3 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  states 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


total  pofulation. 


1910 


91,972,266 


6,552,681 
19,315,892 
18,250,621 
11,637,921 
12,194,895 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 
4,192,304 


742,371 
430,572 
355,956 

3,366,416 
542,610 

1,114,756 

9,113,614 
2,537,167 
7,665,111 

4,767,121 
2,700,876 
5,638,591 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 

2,075,708 
2,224,771 
3,293,335 
577,056 
583,888 
1,192,214 
1,690,949 

202,322 
1,295,346 

331,069 
2,061,612 
1,221,119 
2,206,287 
1,515,400 
2,609,121 

752,619 

2,289,905 
2, 184, 789 
2,138,093 
1, 797, 114 

1,574,449 
1,656,388 
1,657,155 
3,896,542 

376,053 
325,594 
145,965 
799,024 
327,301 
204,354 
373,351 
81,875 

1,141,990 

672, 765 

2,377,549 


1900 


75,994,575 


5,592,017 

15,454,678 

15,985,581 

10,347,423 

10,443,480 

7,547,757 

6,532,290 

1,674,657 

2,416,692 


694,466 
411,588 
343,641 
2,805,346 
428,556 
908,420 

7,268,894 
1,883,669 
6,302,115 

4,157,545 
2,516,462 
4,821,550 
2,420,982 
2,069,042 

1,751,394 
2,231,853 
3,106,665 
319, 146 
401,570 
1,066,300 
1,470,495 

184,735 
1,188,044 

278,718 
1,854,184 

958,800 
1,893,810 
1,340,316 
2,216,331 

528,542 

2, 147, 174 
2,020,616 
1,828,697 
1,551,270 

1,311,564 
1,381,625 
3  790,391 
3,048,710 

243,329 
161,772 

92,631 
539,700 
195,310 
122,931 
276,749 

42,335 

518,103 

413,536 

1,485,053 


Increase. 


Number.     Per  ct 


15,977,691 


960,664 
3,861,214 
2,265,040 
1,290,498 
1,751,415 

862,144 
2,252,244 

958,860 
1,775,612 


47,905 
18,984 
12,315 
561,070 
114,054 
206,336 

1,844,720 

653,498 

1,362,9% 

609,576 
184,414 
817,041 
389, 191 
264,818 

324,314 
-7,082 
186,670 
257,910 
182,318 
125,914 
220,454 

17,587 
107,302 

52,351 
207,428 
262,319 
312,477 
175,084 
392,790 
224,077 

142,731 
164, 173 
309,396 
245,844 

262,885 
274, 763 
866,764 
847,832 

132,724 
163,822 
53,434 
259,324 
131,991 
81,423 
96,602 
39,640 

623,887 
259,229 
892,496 


17.2 
25.0 
14.2 
12.5 
16.8 
11.4 
34.5 
57.3 
73.5 


6.9 
4.6 
3.6 
20.0 
26.6 
22.7 

25.4 
34.7 
21.6 

14.7 
7.3 
16.9 
16.1 
12.8 

18.5 
-0.3 
6.0 
80.8 
45.4 
11.8 
15.0 

9.5 
9.0 
18.8 
11.2 
27.4 
16.6 
13.1 
17.7 
42.4 


8.1 
16.9 
15.8 

20.0 
19.9 

109.7 
27.8 

54.5 
101.3 
57.7 
48.0 
67.6 
66.2 
34.9 
93.4 

120.4 
62.7 
60.1 


RURAL  population. 


1910 


49,348,883 


1,097,336 
5,592,519 
8,633,350 
7,764,205 
9,102,742 
6,835,672 
6,827,078 
1,686,006 
1,809,975 


360,928 
175,473 
187,013 
241,049 
17,956 
114,917 

1,928,120 

629,957 

3,034,442 

2,101,978 
1,557,041 
2, 161, 662 
1,483,129 
1,329,540 

1,225,414 

1,544,717 

1,894,518 

513,820 

507,215 

881,362 

1,197,159 

105,237 
637,154 


1,585,083 
992,877 
1,887,813 
1,290,568 
2,070,471 
533,539 

1,734,463 
1,743,744 
1,767,662 
1,589,803 

1,371,768 
1,159,872 
1,337,000 
2,958,438 

242,633 
255,696 
102,744 
394, 184 
280, 730 
141,094 
200,417 
68,508 

536,460 
365,705 
907,810 


1900 


44,384,930 


1,102,486 
5,146,961 
8,637,570 
7,324,759 
8,105,763 
6,361,467 
5,370,554 
1,099,325 
1,236,045 


354,902 
185,581 
195,235 
235,852 
16,877 
114,039 

1,916,611 

520,016 

2,710,334 

2,130,083 
1,640,168 
2,155,217 
1,454,156 
1,257,946 

1, 137, 799 

1,664,586 

1,963,234 

285,784 

353,625 

804,447 

1,116,284 

99,018 
694,911 


1,499,323 
821,336 
1,685,595 
1,163,046 
1,840,279 
402,255 

1,663,941 
1,684,894 
1,591,027 
1,421,605 

1,179,845 
1,000,628 
3  701,243 
2,488,838 

153,853 
139,665 

59,005 
270,038 
168,826 
101,522 
168,581 

37,835 

290,489 
270,696 
674,860 


Increase. 


Number.    Per  ct 


4,963,953 


-5, 150 
445,558 
-4,220 
439,446 
996,979 
474,205 
1,456,524 
586,681 
573,930 


6,026 

-10,108 

-8,222 

5,197 

1,079 

878 

11,509 
109,941 
324,108 

-28,105 

-83, 127 

6,445 

28,973 

71,594 

87,615 

-119,869 

-68, 716 

228,036 

153,590 

76,915 

81,875 

6,219 
42,243 


85,760 
171,541 
202,218 
127,522 
230,192 
131,284 

70,522 
58,850 
176,635 
168, 198 

191,923 
159,244 
635, 757 
469,600 

88,780 
116,031 
43,739 
124, 146 
111,904 
39,572 
31,836 
30,673 

245,971 
95,009 
232,950 


11.2 


-0.5 

8.7 

-(■) 

6.0 

12.3 

7.5 

27.1 

53.4 

46.4 


1.7 
-5.4 
-4.2 
2.2 
6.4 
0.8 

0.6 
21.1 
12.0 

-1.3 

-5.1 
0.3 
2.0 
5.7 

7.7 
-7.2 
-3.5 
79.8 
43.4 
9.6 
7.3 

6.3 
7.1 


6.7 
20.9 
12.0 
11.0 
12.5 
32.6 

4.2 
3.5 
11.1 
11.8 

16.3 
15.9 
90.7 
18.9 

57.7 
83.1 
74.1 
46.0 
66.3 
39.0 
18.9 
81.1 

84.7 
35.1 
34.6 


NUMBER  OP  ALL  FARMS. 


1910 


6,361,502 


188,802 

468, 379 

1,123,489 

1,109,948 

1,111,881 

1,042,480 

943, 186 

183,446 

189,891 


60,016 
27,053 
32,709 
36,917 
5,292 
26,815 

215,697 

33,487 

219,295 

272,045 
215,485 
251,872 
206,960 
177, 127 

156, 137 
217,044 
277,244 
74,360 
77,644 
129,678 
177,841 

10,836 

48,923 

217 

184,018 

96,685 
253,725 
176,434 
291,027 

50,016 

259,185 
246,012 
262,901 
274,382 

214,678 
120,546 
190, 192 
417,770 

26,214 
30,807 
10,987 
46,170 
35,676 

9,227 
21,676 

2,689 

56,192 
45,502 
88,197 


1900 


5,737,372 


191,888 
485, 618 
1,135,823 
1,060,744 
962,225 
903,313 
754,853 
101,327 
141,581 


69,299 
29,324 
33,104 
37, 715 
5,498 
26,948 

226, 720 
34,650 
224,248 

276,719 
221,897 
264, 151 
203,261 
169,795 

154,659 
228,622 
284,886 
45,332 
52,622 
121,525 
173,098 

9,687 

46,012 

269 

167,886 

92,874 

224,637 

155,355 

224,691 

40,814 

234,667 
224,623 
223,220 
220,803 

178,694 

115,969 

3  108,000 

352,190 

13,370 
17,471 

6,095 
24,700 
12,311 

5,809 
19,387 

2,184 

33,202 
35,837 
72,542 


Increase. 


Number.    Per  ct. 


624, 130 


-3,086 
-17,239 
-12,334 
49,204 
149,656 
139, 167 
188,333 
82, 119 
48,310 


717 
-2,271 
-395 
-798 
-206 
-133 

-11,123 
-1,163 
-4,953 

-4,674 

-6,412 

-12,279 

3,699 

7,332 

1,478 

-11,578 

-7,642 

29,028 

25,022 

8,153 

4,743 

1,149 

2,911 

-52 

16, 132 

3,811 
29,088 
21,079 
66,336 

9,202 

24,518 
21,389 
39,681 
53,579 

35,984 
4,577 
82,192 
65,580 

12,844 
13,336 
4,892 
21,470 
23,365 
3,418 
2,289 
505 

22,990 
9,665 
15,656 


>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent 


-  Less  than  one-hundredth  of  1  per  cent. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


269 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  UNITED  STATES  TOTALS  AMONG  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Total 

land  area 

(acres). 

ALL  LA20)  m  FABMS  (ACRES). 

IMPBOVED  L.'IND  IN 

FARMS  (ACHES). 

PEE  CENT  or  UNITED  i 

STATES 

TOTALS. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

Land 

Farms. 

Farm  land. 

Improved. 

Acres. 

Per  ct. 

Acres. 

Per  ct. 

area. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

1,903,289.600 

878,798,325 

838,591,774 

40,206.551 

4.8 

478,451,750 

414.498,487 

63,953,263 

15.4 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

2 

39,664,640 

19,714,931 

20,548,999 

-834,068 

-4.1 

7,254,904 

8,134,403 

-879,499 

-10.8 

2.08 

2.97 

3.34 

2.24 

2.45 

1.52 

1.96 

Z 

64,000,000 

43,191,056 

44,860,090 

-1,669,034 

-3.7 

29,320,894 

30,786,211 

-1,465,317 

-4.8 

3.36 

7.36 

8.46 

4.91 

S.35 

6.13 

7.43 

4 

157.160,960 

117,929,148 

116,340,761 

1,588,387 

1.4 

88,947,228 

86,670,271 

2,276,957 

2.6 

8.26 

17.66 

19.80 

13.42 

18.87 

18.59 

20.91 

5 

326,914,560 

232,648,121 

201,008,713 

31,6.39,408 

15.7 

164,284,862 

135,643,828 

28,641,034 

21.1 

17.18 

17.45 

18.49 

26.47 

23.97 

34.34 

32.72 

6 

172,205,440 

103,782,255 

104,297,506 

-515,251 

-0.5 

48,479,733 

46,100,226 

2,379,507 

5.2 

9.05 

17.48 

16.77 

11.81 

12.44 

10.13 

11.12 

7 

114,885,760 

81,520,629 

81,247,643 

272,986 

0.3 

43,946,846 

40,237,337 

3,709,509 

9.2 

6.04 

16.39 

15.74 

9.28 

9.69 

9.19 

9.71 

8 

275,037,440 

169,149,976 

176,491,202 

-7,341,226 

-4.2 

58,284,273 

39,770,530 

18,493,743 

46.5 

14.45 

14.83 

13.16 

19.25 

21.05 

12.18 

9.59 

9 

549,840,000 

59,533,420 

46,397,284 

13,136,136 

28.3 

15,915,002 

8,402,576 

7,512,426 

89.4 

28.89 

2.88 

1.77 

6.77 

5.63 

3.33 

2.03 

10 

203,580,800 

51,328,789 

47,399,576 

3,929,213 

8.3 

22,038,008 

18,753,105 

3,284,903 

17.5 

10.70 

2.98 

2.47 

5.84 

6.65 

4.61 

4.52 

11 

19,132,800 

6,296,859 

6,299,946 

-3,087 

-(') 

2,360,657 

2,386,889 

-36,232 

-1.1 

1.01 

0.94 

1.03 

0.72 

0.75 

0.49 

0.58 

12 

5,779,840 

8,249,458 

3,609,864 

-360,406 

-10.0 

929,185 

1,076,879 

-147,694 

—13.7 

0.30 

0.43 

0.51 

0.37 

0.43 

0.19 

0.26 

13 

5,839,360 

4,663,577 

4,724,440' 

-60,863 

-1.3 

1,633,965 

2,126,624 

-492,659 

-23.2 

0.31 

0.51 

0.58 

0.53 

0.56 

0.34 

0.51 

14 

5,144,960 

2,875,941 

3,147,064 

-271,123 

-8.6 

1,164,501 

1,292,132 

-127,631 

-9.9 

0.27 

0.58 

0.66 

0.33 

0.38 

0.24 

0.31 

15 

682,880 

443,308 

45.5,602 

-12,294 

-3.7 

178,344 

187,354 

-9,010 

-4.8 

0.04 

0.08 

0.10 

0.05 

0.05 

0.04 

0.05 

16 

3,084,800 

?,  185, 788 

2,312,083 

-126,295 

-5.5 

988,252 

1,064,525 

-76,273 

-7.2 

0.16 

0.42 

0.47 

0.25 

0.28 

0.21 

0.26 

17 

30,498,560 

22,030,367 

22,648,109 

-617,742 

-2.7 

14,844,039 

15,599,986 

-755,947 

-4.8 

1.60 

3.39 

3.95 

2.51 

2.70 

3.10 

3.76 

18 

4,808,960 

2,573,857 

2,840,966 

-267,109 

-9.4 

1,803,336 

1,977,042 

-173,706 

-8.8 

0.26 

0.53 

0.60 

0.29 

0.34 

0.38 

0.48 

19 

28,692,480 

18,586,832 

19,371,015 

-784,183 

-4.0 

12,073,619 

13,209,183 

-635,664 

-4.1 

1.51 

3.46 

3.91 

2.11 

2.31 

2.65 

3.19 

20 

26,073,600 

24,105,708 

24,501,985 

-396,277 

-1.6 

19,227,969 

19,^,472 

-16,503 

-0.1 

1.37 

4.28 

4.82 

2.74 

2.92 

4.02 

4.64 

21 

23,068,800 

21,299,823 

21,619,623 

-319,800 

-1.6 

16,931,262 

16,680,358 

250,894 

1.6 

1.21 

3.39 

3.87 

2.42 

2.58 

3.54 

4.02 

22 

35,867,520 

32,522,937 

32,794,728 

-271,791 

-0.8 

28,048,323 

27,699,219 

349,104 

1.3 

1.88 

3.96 

4.60 

3.70 

3.91 

5.86 

6.68 

23 

36,787,200 

18,940,614 

17,561,698 

1,378,916 

7.9 

12,832,078 

11,799,250 

1,032,828 

8.8 

1.93 

3.25 

3.54 

2.16 

2.09 

2.68 

2.85 

24 

35,303,840 

21,060,066 

19,862,727 

1,197,339 

6.0 

11,907,606 

11,246,973 

660,634 

6.9 

1.86 

2.78 

2.96 

2.40 

2.37 

2.49 

2.71 

25 

51,749,120 

27,675,823 

26,248,498 

1,427,325 

5.4 

19,643,533 

18,442,685 

1,200,948 

6.5 

2.72 

2.45 

2.70 

3.15 

3.18 

4.11 

4.45 

26 

35,575,040 

33,930,688 

34,574,337 

-643,649 

-1.9 

29,491,199 

29,897,552 

-406,353 

-1.4 

1.87 

3.41 

3.98 

3.86 

4.12 

6.16 

7.21 

27 

43,985,280 

34,591,248 

33,997,873 

693,376 

1.7 

24,581,186 

22,900,043 

1,681,143 

7.3 

2.31 

4.36 

4.97 

3.94 

4.05 

5.14 

5.52 

28 

44,917,120 

28,426,650 

15,642,640 

12,884,010 

82.9 

20,455,092 

9,644,520 

10,810,572 

112.1 

2.36 

1.17 

0.79 

3.23 

1.85 

4.28 

2.33 

29 

49,195,520 

20,016,892 

19,070,616 

6,946,276 

36.4 

15,827,208 

11,286,983 

4,641,225 

40.2 

2.58 

l.*22 

0.92 

2.96 

2.27 

3.31 

2.72 

30 

49,157,120 

38,622,021 

29,911,779 

8,710,242 

29.1 

24,382,577 

18,432,595 

6,949,982 

32.3 

2.68 

2.04 

2.12 

4.39 

3.57 

5.10 

4.45 

31 

52,335,360 

43,384,799 

41,662,970 

1,721,829 

4.1 

29,904,067 

25,040,550 

4,863,617 

19.4 

2.76 

2.80 

3.02 

4.94 

4.97 

6.25 

6.04 

32 

1,257,600 

1,038,866 

1,066,228 

-27,362 

-2.6 

713,538 

754,010 

-40,472 

-5.4 

0.07 

0.17 

0.17 

0.12 

0.13 

0.15 

0.18 

33 

6,362,240 

5,057,140 

5,170,075 

-112,935 

-2.2 

3,354,767 

3,516,352 

-161,585 

-4.6 

0.33 

0.77 

0.80 

0.58 

0.62 

0.70 

0.85 

34 

38,400 

6,063 

8,489 

-2,426 
-412,247 

—28.6 

6,133 
9,870,058 

5,934 
10,094,805 

—801 

—13.5 

1.35 

35 

25,767,680 

19,495,636 

19,907,883 

-2.1 

-224,747 

-2.2 

2.89 

2,93 

2.22 

2.37 

2.06 

2.44 

36 

15,374,080 

10,020,442 

10,654,513 

-628,071 

-6.9 

5,521,757 

5,498,981 

22,776 

0.4 

0.81 

1.52 

1.62 

1.14 

1.27 

1.15 

1.33 

37 

31,193,600 

22,439,129 

22,749,356 

-310,227 

-1.4 

8,813,056 

8,327,106 

485,950 

5.8 

1.64 

3.99 

3.92 

2.55 

2.71 

1.84 

2.01 

38 

19,516,800 

13,512,028 

13,985,014 

-472,986 

-3.4 

6,097,999 

5,775,741 

322,258 

5.6 

1.03 

2.77 

2.71 

1.54 

1.67 

1.27 

1.39 

39 

37,584,000 

26,953,413 

26,392,057 

561,356 

2.1 

12,298,017 

10,615,644 

1,682,373 

15.8 

1.97 

4.57 

3.92 

3.07 

3.15 

2.57 

2.56 

40 

35,111,040 

5,253,538 

4,363,891 

889,647 

20.4 

1,805,408 

1,511,653 

293,755 

19.4 

1.84 

0.79 

0.71 

0.60 

0.52 

0.38 

0.36 

41 

25,715,840 

22,189,127 

21,979,422 

209,705 

1.0 

14,354,4n 

13,741,968 

.612,503 

4.5 

1.35 

4.07 

4.09 

2.52 

2.62 

3.00 

3.32 

42 

26,679,680 

20,041,657 

20,342,058 

-300,401 

-1.6 

10,890,484 

10,245,950 

644,534 

6.3 

1.40 

3.87 

3.92 

2.28 

2.43 

2.28 

2.47 

43 

32,818,560 

20,732,312 

20,685,427 

40,885 

0.2 

9,693,581 

8,654,991 

1,038,590 

12.0 

1.72 

4.13 

3.89 

2.36 

2.47 

2.03 

2.09 

44 

29,671,680 

18,557,533 

18,240,736 

316,797 

1.7 

9,008,310 

7,594,428 

1,413,882 

18.6 

1.56 

4.31 

3.85 

2.11 

2.18 

1.88 

1.83 

45 

33,616,000 

17,416,075 

16,636,719 

779,356 

4.7 

8,076,254 

6,953,735 

1,122,519 

16.1 

1.77 

3.37 

3.11 

1.98 

1.98 

1.69 

1.68 

46 

29,061,760 

10,439,481 

11,059,127 

-619,646 

-5.6 

5,276,016 

4,666,532 

609,484 

13.1 

1.53 

1.89 

2.02 

1.19 

1.32 

1.10 

1.13 

47 

44,424,960 

28,859,353 

3  22,988,339 

5,871,014 

25.5 

17,551,337 

'8,574,187 

8,977,150 

104.7 

2.33 

2.99 

»1.88 

3.28 

3  2.74 

3.67 

3  2.07 

48 

167,934,720 

112,435,067 

125,807,017 

-13,371,950 

-10.6 

27,360,666 

19,576,076 

7,784,590 

39.8 

8.82 

6.57 

6.14 

12.79 

15.00 

5.72 

4.72 

49 

93,568,640 

13,545,603 

11,844,454 

1,701,149 

14.4 

3,640,309 

1,736,701 

1,903,608 

109.6 

4.92 

0.41 

0.23 

1.54 

1.41 

0.76 

0.42 

50 

53,346,560 

5,283,604 

3,204,903 

2,078,701 

64.9 

2,778,740 

1,413,118 

1,365,622 

96.6 

2.80 

0.48 

0.30 

0.60 

0.38 

0.58 

0.34 

51 

62,460,160 

8,543,010 

8,124,536 

418,474 

5.2 

1,256,160 

792,332 

463,828 

58.6 

3.28 

0.17 

0.11 

0.97 

0.97 

0.26 

0.19 

52 

66,341,120 

13,532,113 

9,474,588 

4,057,525 

42.8 

4,302,101 

2,273,968 

2,028,133 

89.2 

3.49 

0.73 

0.43 

1.54 

1.13 

0.90 

0.55 

53 

78,401,920 

11,270,021 

5,130,878 

6,139,143 

119.7 

1,467,191 

326,873 

1,140,318 

348.9 

4.12 

0.56 

0.21 

1.28 

0.61 

0.31 

0.08 

54 

72,838,400 

1,246,613 

1,935,327 

-688,714 

-35.6 

350,173 

254,521 

95,652 

37.6 

3.83 

0.15 

0.10 

0.14 

0.23 

0.07 

0.06 

55 

52,597,760 

3,397,699 

4,116,951 

-719,252 

-17.5 

1,368,211 

1,032,117 

336,094 

32.6 

2.76 

0.34 

0.34 

0.39 

0.49 

0.29 

0.25 

56 

70,285,440 

2,714,757 

2,565,647 

149,110 

5.8 

752,117 

572,946 

179,171 

31.3 

3.69 

0.04 

0.04 

0.31 

0.31 

0.16 

0.14 

57 

42,775,040 

11,712,235 

8,499,297 

3,212,938 

37.8 

6,373,311 

3,465,960 

2,907,351 

83.9 

2.25 

0.88 

0.58 

1.33 

1.01 

1.33 

0.84 

58 

61,188,480 

11,685,110 

10,071,328 

1,613,782 

16.0 

4,274,803 

3,328,308 

946,495 

28.4 

3.21 

0.72 

0.62 

1.33 

1.20 

0.89 

0.80 

.59 

99,617,280 

27,931,444 

28,828,951 

-897,507 

-3.1 

11,389,894 

11,958,837 

-568,943 

-4.8 

5.23 

1.39 

1.26 

3.18 

3.44 

2.38 

2.88 

» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


270 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


In  acreage  of  improved  land  in  farms  all  of  the 
divisions  except  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic 
show  increases  between  1900  and  1910.  The  West 
North  Central  division  reported  a  much  greater  abso- 
lute increase  than  any  other  division,  nearly  29,000,000 
acres  of  improved  land,  or  not  far  from  half  of  the 
total  increase  for  the  United  States,  having  been 
added  during  the  decade.  The  percentage  of  increase 
was,  however,  less  than  in  the  West  South  Central 
and  Mountain  divisions.  In  the  West  South  Central 
about  18,500,000  acres  were  added  during  the  decade, 


an  increase  of  46.5  per  cent;  and  in  the  Mountain 
division  over  7,500,000  acres,  or  89.4  per  cent.  The 
three  northernmost  states  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division,  namely,  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia, 
show  decreases,  which  are,  however,  more  than  offset 
by  the  increases  in  the  other  five  states  of  the  division. 
The  following  statement  shows  the  changes  in  the 
number  of  farms,  land  in  farms,  and  improved  farm 
land  during  the  past  decade  in  the  North,  the  South, 
and  the  West,  and  in  the  territory  east  and  west  of 
the  Mississippi  River,  respectively: 


Table  4 

POPULATION. 

NUMBEB  OF  ALL  FARMS. 

SECTION. 

1910 

1900 

Increase.' 

1910 

1900 

Increase.i 

Amount. 

Percent. 

Amount. 

Percent. 

United  States 

91,972,266 

55,757,115 
29, 389, 330 
6,825,821 

75,994,675 

47,379,699 

24,523,527 

4,091,349 

15,977,691 

8,377,416 
4,865,803 
2,734,472 

21.0 

17.7 
19.8 
66.8 

6,361,502 

2,890,618 

3,097,547 

373,337 

5,737,372 

2,874,073 

2,620,391 

242,908 

624,130 

16,545 
477,156 
130,429 

10.9 

The  North 

0.6 

The  South 

18.2 

The  West 

53.7 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

64,723,990 
27,248,276 

55,023,513 
20,971,062 

9,700,477 
6,277,214 

17.6 
29.9 

3,935,031 
2,426,471 

3,678,867 
2,058,505 

256,164 
367,966 

7  0 

17.9 

A] 

Jj  LAND  IN  FAKl 

IS  (AfcEES). 

ntPROVKD  LAND  IN  FARMS  (ACRES). 

"United  States 

878,798,325 
413,483,256 
354,452,860 
110,862,209 

838,591,774 

382,758,563 
362,036,351 
93,796,860 

40,206,551 
30,724,693 
-7,583,491 
17,065,349 

4.8 

8.0 
-2.1 
18.2 

478,451,750 

289,807,888 
150,690,852 
37,953,010 

414,498,487 

261,234,713 
126,108,093 
27,155,681 

63,953,263 

28,573,175 
24,582,759 
10,797,329 

15.4 

The  North 

10.9 

The  South 

19.5 

The  West 

39.8 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

366,138,019 
512,660,306 

367,294,999 
471,296,775 

-1,156,980 
41,363,531 

-0.3 
8.8 

217,949,605 
260,502,145 

211,928,448 
202,570,039 

6,021,157 
57,932,106 

2.8 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

28.6 

>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


The  increase  of  over  30,000,000  acres  of  land  in  farms 
in  the  North  was  almost  wholly  confined  to  the  West 
North  Central  division.  In  the  South  there  was  an 
apparent  decrease,  owing  entirely  to  the  conditions  in 
Louisiana  and  Texas,  already  described.  The  West 
shows  a  smaller  absolute  increase,  but  a  greater  per- 
centage of  increase,  than  the  North. 

In  acreage  of  improved  farm  land  the  North  shows 
the  greatest  absolute  increase  during  the  decade,  but 
in  the  South  the  absolute  increase  was  nearly  as  great 
and  the  percentage  of  increase  nearly  twice  as  great, 
while  in  the  West  the  absolute  increase  was  about 
one-third  as  great,  but  the  percentage  of  increase 
almost  four  times  as  high  as  in  the  North. 

Percentage  of  land  in  farms  and  percentage  im- 
proved.— Wide  differences  exist  among  the  several 
states  and  divisions  in  the  proportion  of  their  total 
area  which  has  been  brought  into  farms,  and  also  in 
the  proportion  of  the  farm  land  which  has  been  im- 
proved. Table  5  shows  these  differences  by  means  of 
percentages  calculated  from  the  figures  in  Table  3. 
The  definition  of  improved  land  given  in  the  note  on 
page  265  should  be  borne  in  mind,  since  it  is  probable 
that  the  differences  in  the  proportion  of  land  improved 
and  the  changes  in  this  proportion  from  census  to  cen- 
sus are  due  partly  to  differences  in  interpretation  as  to 
what  constitutes  improved  land  in  different  sections  of 
the  country  and  at  different  censuses. 

The  map  on  page  272  shows,  by  counties,  the  propor- 
tion which  land  in  farms  represents  of  the  total  land 


area,  and  the  map  on  page  273  shows  the  proportion 
which  improved  land  represents  of  the  total  land 
area. 

The  East  North  Central  division  leads  all  other  geo- 
graphic divisions  in  the  extent  to  which  its  land  area 
has  been  brought  into  farms,  exactly  three-fourths 
of  its  total  land  area  consisting  of  farm  land.  The 
proportions  in  the  West  North  Central  and  East  South 
Central  divisions  in  each  case  exceed  70  per  cent. 
The  Middle  Atlantic,  West  South  Central,  and  South 
Atlantic  divisions  have  each  over  60  per  cent  of  their 
total  land  area  in  farms,  but  in  the  New  England  divi- 
sion the  proportion  falls  slightly  below  50  per  cent ;  in 
the  Pacific  division  it  is  only  25.2  per  cent;  and  in 
the  Mountain  division  only  10.8  per  cent. 

The  divisions  rank  somewhat  differently  with  re- 
spect to  the  proportion  of  their  area  wliich  is  repre- 
sented by  improved  farm  land,  these  differences  in 
ranking  being  due  of  course  to  the  differences  among 
the  divisions  in  the  percentage  which  improved  land 
represents  of  the  total  farm  land.  The  East  North 
Central  division  again  ranks  first,  56.6  per  cent  of  its 
total  land  area  consisting  of  improved  farm  land,  and 
the  West  North  Central  division  ranks  second,  with 
50.3  per  cent.  The  Middle  Atlantic  division,  however, 
ranks  third,  followed  by  the  East  South  Central  and 
South  Atlantic.  In  each  of  the  five  divisions  just 
named  the  improved  farm  land  constituted  more 
than  one-fourth  of  the  total  land  area,  but  in  the 
West    South    Central,    New    England,    Pacific,    and 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


271 


Mountain  divisions  tlie  proportion  is  below  one-fourth, 
and,  in  fact,  in  the  Mountain,  division  it  is  only  2.9  per 
cent. 

With  respect  to  the  proportion  which  improved 
land  represents  of  all  land  in  farms,  the  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  reported  a  dechne 
between  1900  and  1910,  as  shown  in  the  table  below, 
but  in  each  of  the  other  seven  divisions  the  propor- 
tion was  larger  in  the  later  year,  the  change  being 
most  conspicuous  in  the  West  South  Central  and  Moun- 
tain divisions. 


Table  5 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

pee  cent 

LAND  in  farms 
F0EM3  OF 

total  land 
aeea. 

PEE  CENT  OF 
FARM  LAND 
IMPEOVKD. 

PEE  cent  of 
TOTAL  LAND 

AREA 
IMPROVED. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

ITnited  States 

46.2 

44.1 

54.4 

49.4 

25.1 

21.8 

GEOOEAPmc  divisions: 

49.7 
67.5 
75.0 
71.2 
60.3 
71.0 
61.5 
10.8 
25.2 

61.8 
70.1 
74.1 
61.5 
60.6 
70.7 
64.2 
8.4 
23.3 

36.8 
67.9 
75.4 
70.6 
46.7 
63.9 
34.4 
26.7 
42.9 

39.6 
68.6 
74.5 
67.5 
44.2 
49.6 
22.5 
18.1 
39.6 

18.3 
45.8 
56.6 
50.3 
28.1 
38.2 
21.2 
2.9 
10.8 

20.5 

Middle  Atlantic 

48.1 

East  Nortti  Central 

65.2 

West  North  Central 

41.5 

26.8 

East  South  Central 

35.0 

West  South  Central 

14.5 

1.6 

Pacific      

9.2 

New  England: 

32.9 
56.2 
79.9 
55.9 
64.9 
70.9 

72.2 
53.5 
64.8 

92.5 
92.3 
90.7 
51.5 
59.6 

53.5 
95.4 
78.6 
63.3 
52.9 
78.6 
82.9 

82.6 
79.5 
15.8 
75.7 
65.2 
71.9 
69.2 
71.7 
15.0 

86.3 
75.1 
63.2 
62.5 

51.8 
35.9 
65.0 
67.0 

14.5 
9.9 
13.7 
20.4 
14.4 
1.7 
6.5 
3.9 

27.4 
19.1 
28.0 

32.9 
62.6 
80.9 
61.2 
66.7 
74.9 

74.3 
69.1 
67.5 

94.0 
94.1 
91.5 
47.7 
66.2 

50.7 
97.2 
77.3 
34.6 
38.8 
60.8 
79.6 

84.8 
81.3 
22.1 
77.3 
69.3 
72.9 
71.7 
70.2 
12.4 

85.5 
76.2 
63.0 
61.5 

49.5 
38.1 
51.7 
74.9 

12.7 
6.0 
13.0 
14.3 
6.5 
2.7 
7.8 
3.7 

19.9 
16.5 
28.9 

37.5 
28.6 
36.0 
40.5 
40.2 
45.2 

67.4 
70.1 
68.2 

79.8 
79.6 
86.2 
67.8 
66.6 

71.0 
86.9 
71.1 
72.0 
60.8 
63.1 
68.9 

68.7 
66.3 
84.7 
50.6 
55.1 
39.3 
45.1 
45.6 
34.4 

64.7 
64.3 
46.8 
48.5 

46.4 
50.5 
60.8 
24.3 

26.9 
52.6 
14.7 
31.8 
13.0 
28.1 
40.3 
27.7 

54.4 
36.6 
40.8 

37.9 
29.8 
46.0 
41.1 
41.1 
46.0 

68.9 
69.6 
68.2 

78.5 
77.2 
84.5 
67.2 
56.6 

70.3 
86.5 
67.4 
62.1 
59.2 
61.6 
60.1 

70.7 
68.0 
69.9 
50.7 
51.6 
36.6 
41.3 
40.2 
34.6 

62.5 
60.4 
41.8 
41.6 

41.8 
42.2 
37.3 
15.6 

14.7 
44.1 

9.8 
24.0 

6.4 
13.2 
25.1 
22.3 

40.8 
33.0 
41.5 

12.3 
16.1 
28.0 
22.6 
26.1 
32.0 

48.7 
37.5 
44.2 

73.7 
73.4 
78.2 
34.9 
33.7 

38.0 
82.9 

55.9 
45.5 
32.2 
49.6 
57.1 

56.7 
52.7 
13.4 
38.3 
3.5.9 
28.3 
31.2 
32.7 
5.4 

55.8 
40.8 
29.5 
30.4 

24.0 
18.2 
39.5 
16.3 

3.9 
5.2 
2.0 
6.5 
1.8 
0.5 
2.6 
1.1 

14.9 
7.0 
11.4 

12.5 

18.6 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

36.4 
25.1 
27  4 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

34.6 
61.1 

41.1 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

46.0 
73.8 

Indiana 

lUtnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centbal: 

72.6 
77.3 
32.1 
31.8 

35.6 

Iowa... 

84.0 
52.1 

21.5 

22.9 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

37.5 
47.8 

60.0 
55.3 
15.5 
39.2 
35.8 

26.7 

South  Carolina 

29.6 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

28.2 
4.3 

53.4 
38.4 

26.4 

25.6 

West  South  Central: 

20.7 

16.1 

19.3 

Texas 

11.7 

Mountain: 

1.9 

2.6 

1.3 

3.4 

0.4 

0.3 

Utah                 

2.0 

0.8 

Pacific: 

8.1 

5.4 

12.0 

In  the  North,  as  shown  in  Table  6,  improved  farm 
land  represents  49.3  per  cent  of  the  total  land  area; 
in  the  South,  26.8  per  cent;  and  in  the  West,  5  per 
cent.  East  of  the  Mississippi  the  proportion  is  39.8 
per  cent;  west  of  the  river,  19.2. 


Table  6 

section. 

PERCENT  LAND 

IN  FARMS  FORMS 

OF  TOTAL  LAND 

AREA. 

PERCENT  OF 
FARM  LAND 
IMPROVED. 

PER  CENT  OP 

TOTAL   LAND 

AREA  IMPROVED. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

United  states 

The  North 

46.2 

70.4 
63.1 
14.7 

44.1 

65.1 
64.4 
12.4 

54.4 

70.1 
42.5 
34.2 

49.4 

68.3 
34.8 
29.0 

25.1 

49.3 
26.8 
5.0 

21.8 
44.5 

The  South 

22.4 

The  West.... 

3.6 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

West  of  the  Mississippi. . . 

66.8 
37.8 

C7. 1 
34.8 

59.5 

50.8 

57.7 
43.0 

39.8 
19.2 

38.7 
14.9 

Average  size  of  farms. — Table  13,  on  page  280,  shows 
the  average  acreage  and  improved  acreage  per  farm. 

The  farms  are  smaller  in  the  older  sections  of  the 
country  than  in  the  newer.  They  are,  also,  in  general, 
smaller  in  the  Southern  states  than  in  the  Northern. 
This  latter  condition,  however,  is  due  largely  to  the 
fact  that  the  land  operated  by  each  tenant  is,  in  the 
census  statistics,  treated  as  a  separate  farm.  In  cer- 
tain Southern  states  there  are  still  many  so-called 
plantations  consisting  of  several  or  even  many  tenant 
holdings.  In  many  cases  these  plantations  as  a  whole 
are  as  truly  agricultural  units  as  large  farms  in  the 
North  operated  by  hired  labor. 

More  specifically,  the  average  size  of  farms  is  small- 
est in  the  East  South  Central  division — 78.2  acres.  It 
is  92.2  acres  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  93.3  in  the 
South  Atlantic,  104.4  in  the  New  England,  and  105 
in  the  East  North  Central.  These  five  divisions  do 
not  differ  so  widely  from  one  another  as  they  all  do 
from  the  four  divisions  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  in  which  the  farms  average  much  larger, 
ranging  from  1Y9.3  acres  in  the  West  South  Central 
to  324.5  acres  in  the  Mountain  division.  From  the 
standpoint  of  cultivation  of  the  soil,  as  distinguished 
from  grazing,  the  average  number  of  improved  acres 
per  farm  furnishes  a  better  basis  for  comparison  of 
size  than  the  average  number  of  acres  of  all  land, 
and  in  this  respect  the  divisions  rank  quite  differently. 

While  the  average  size  of  farms  in  the  country  as  a 
whole  has  decreased  about  6  per  cent  since  1900,  it  has 
increased  in  the  East  and  West  North  Central  divi- 
sions, and  in  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic 
divisions  the  decrease  is  small.  But  in  the  three 
southern  divisions  and  in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific 
divisions  the  decrease  in  the  size  of  farms  has  been 
conspicuous. 

The  following  table  shows  the  average  size  of  farms 
in  the  North,  the  South,  and  the  West,  and  in  the 
territory  east  and  west  of  the  Mississippi,  respectively: 


Table  7 


United  States.. 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


AVERAGE 

ACRES  OF  LAND 

PER  FARM. 


1910 


138.1 

143.0 
114.4 
296.9 


93.0 
211.3 


1900 


146.2 

133.2 
138.2 
386.1 


AVERAGE 

IMPROVED  ACEE3 

PER  FARM. 


1910 


1900 


76.2 

100.3 


101.7 


72.8 
90.9 

48.1 
111.8 


55.4 
107.4 


57.6 
98.4 


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274 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


VALUE  OF   FARM   PROPERTY,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES :  1910  AND  1900. 


Geographic  distribution  of  farm  values. — ^Table  10 
(pp.  276  and  277)  shows  for  each  division  and  state  for 
1910  and  1900  the  value  of  all  farm  property  and  that 
of  each  class,  together  with  increases. 

The  distribution  of  farm  values  among  the  divi- 
sions and  states  of  the  country  differs  quite  rad- 
ically from  the  distribution  of  land  in  farms,  since 
there  are  wide  differences  in  the  average  value  of  farm 
land  and  farm  equipment  per  acre  in  the  different  sec- 
tions of  the  country.  The  following  table  shows  what 
percentage  of  the  total  value  of  all  farm  property  and 
of  each  class  thereof  in  the  United  States  is  reported 
from  each  geographic  division  or  section : 


Table  8 

PER  CENT  OF  UNITED  STATES  TOTALS. 

DIVISION  OE  SECTION. 

All  farm 
property. 

Land. 

Build- 
ings. 

Imple- 
ments 
and  ma- 
chinery. 

Live 
stock. 

XTnlted  States 

New  England 

100.0 

2.1 
7.2 
24.7 
33.0 
7.2 
5.3 
9.4 
4.3 
6.8 

100.0 
1.3 
5.1 
25.4 
35.3 
6.6 
4.7 
9.5 
4.1 
7.9 

100.0 
5.3 
15.5 
26.0 
24.7 
9.5 
6.5 
6.5 
2.3 
3.7 

100.0 
4.0 
13.2 
21.2 
29.2 
7.8 
6.0 
9.5 
3.9 
5.2 

100.0 
2.0 

Middle  Atlantic 

7.1 

East  North  Central 

19.8 

West  North  Central 

31  5 

South  Atlantic 

7.4 

East  South  Central 

7.6 

West  South  Central 

12.0 

Mountain 

7.9 

Pacific 

4.8 

The  North 

67.0 
21.9 
11.1 

67.2 
20.8 
12.0 

71.5 
22.6 
6.0 

67.7 
23.2 
9.1 

60.4 

The  South 

26.9 

The  West 

12.7 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

46.5 
53.5 

43.1 
56.9 

62.8 
37.2 

52.2 

47.8 

43.8 
56.2 

Table  8  shows  that  nearly  one-third  of  the  total 
value  of  farm  property  in  1910  was  found  in  the  West 
North  Central  division  alone,  and  nearly  one-fourth 
in  the  East  North  Central,  leaving  only  about  42  per 
cent  for  the  other  seven  geographic  divisions.  An 
examination  of  Table  10,  however,  shows  that  the 
East  North  Central  division  had  a  smaller  proportion 
of  the  total  value  of  farm  property  in  1910  than  in  1900. 
The  same  is  true  of  three  other  easterly  divisions, 
the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic,  and  East  South 
Central;  but  the  South  Atlantic  division  and  all  four 
of  the  divisions  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  River 
contributed  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  value  of 
farm  property  in  the  later  year  than  in  the  earlier. 

In  the  North  as  a  whole  the  value  of  farm  property 
in  1910  constituted  67  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the 
United  States;  in  the  South,  21.9  per  cent;  and  in  the 


West,  11.1  per  cent.  The  territory  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  comprised  46.5  per  cent  of  all  farm  prop- 
erty and  that  west  of  the  river  53.5  per  cent. 

Increase  in  value  of  farm  property. — Between  1900 
and  1910  the  total  value  of  farm  property  in  the 
United  States  doubled,  increasing  100.5^  per  cent. 
This  extraordinary  increase  in  value  has  been  shared 
by  every  state.  (The  District  of  Columbia,  although 
listed  in  the  tables,  counts  for  but  httle  in  agricul- 
tural statistics.)  Moreover,  there  has  been  an  increase 
in  every  state  in  the  value  of  each  class  of  farm 
property,  with  the  sole  exception  of  the  value  of 
implements  and  machinery  in  Louisiana.  The  appar- 
ent decrease  in  this  item  in  Louisiana  is  misleading, 
being  due  mainly,  if  not  whoUy,  to  the  fact  that  the 
returns  for  1900  included  as  implements  and  machinery 
the  equipment  of  sugar  mills  on  plantations,  which  was 
excluded,  as  being  manufacturing  property,  in  1910. 

In  absolute  amount  of  increase  in  the  value  of  all 
farm  property  the  West  North  Central  division  far 
exceeds  any  other,  the  increase  of  $7,714,000,000  there 
representing  considerably  more  than  one-third  of  the 
total  increase  for  the  entire  country.  Tlie  East  North 
Central,  West  South  Central,  and  Pacific  divisions 
follow,  in  the  order  named,  in  the  absolute  amounts 
added  to  the  value  of  farm  property.  The  divisions, 
however,  rank  differently  with  respect  to  the  percent- 
ages of  increase.  The  Mountain  division  shows  the 
most  remarkable  relative  increase,  192.3  per  cent,  fol- 
lowed in  order  by  the  Pacific,  West  South  Central,  West 
North  Central,  and  South  Atlantic  divisions.  In  each 
of  these  five  divisions  the  increase  exceeded  100  per 
cent.  Tlie  lowest  rate  of  increase  Avas  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division,  28.1  per  cent. 

As  shown  in  Table  9,  the  relative  increase  in  the 
value  of  all  farm  property  in  the  South,  110.1  per 
cent,  exceeded  that  in  the  North,  90.1  percent;  but  both, 
as  might  be  expected,  fell  below  the  West,  in  which  the 
increase  was  164.7  per  cent.  The  absolute  increase  in 
the  North,  however,  over  $13,000,000,000,  greatly  ex- 
ceeded that  in  the  other  two  sections  combined,  repre- 
senting in  fact  almost  two-thirds  of  the  total  increase 
for  the  United  States.  For  the  entire  territory  east 
of  the  Mssissippi  River  the  percentage  of  increase  in 
the  value  of  all  farm  property  was  69.1  and  for  the 
territoiy  west  of  the  river  139.3. 


Table  9 

VALtTB  OF  ALL  FAEM  PEOPERTY. 

PES  CENT  OF  increase:  1900-1910 

SECTION. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

All  farm 
property. 

Land. 

Buildings. 

Imple- 
ments 
and  ma- 
chinery. 

Live 
Stock. 

United  States 

$40,991,449,090 

27,481,267,056 
8,972,126,889 
4,538,055,145 

$20,439,901,164 

14,455,452,476 
4,269,854,719 
1,714,593,969 

$20,551,547,926 

13,025,814,580 
4,702,272,170 
2,823,461,176 

100.5 
90.1 
110.1 
164.7 

118.1 

104.2 
131.3 
203.5 

77.8 
69.2 
99.0 
125.0 

68.7 
65.6 
62.9 
119.0 

60.1 

The  North 

56.8 

The  South 

63.5 

The  West 

70.1 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

19,079,930,097 
21,911,518,993 

11,284,358,101 
9,155,543,063 

7,795,571,996 
12,755,975,930 

69.1 
139.3 

73.4 
171.0 

62.5 
111.6 

56.7 
84.2 

62.0 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

58.7 

o 

0» 


09 


o 

w 
o 

Pi 


B 


O 


<1 


(275) 


276 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

FARM  PROPERTY— VALUE  OF  EACH  CLASS  OF  FARM  PROPERTY,   WITH  AMOUNTS 
[A  minus  sign  (—)  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  10 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Paciflc 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa... 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


all  farm  property. 


1910 


$40,991,449,090 


867,240,457 
2,959,589,022 
10,119,128,066 
13,535,309,511 
2,951,200,773 
2,182,771,779 
3,838,154,337 
1,757,573,368 
2,780,481,777 


199,271,998 
103,704,196 
145,399,728 
226,474,025 
32,990,739 
159,399,771 

1,451,481,495 

254,832,665 

1,253,274,862 

1,902,694,589 
1,809,135,238 
3,905,321,075 
1,088,858,379 
1,413,118,785 

1,476,411,737 
3,745,860,544 
2,052,917,488 
974,814,205 
1,166,0%,  980 
2,079,818,647 
2,039,389,910 

63,179,201 
286,167,028 
8,476,633 
625,005,383 
314,738,540 
537,716,210 
392,128,314 
580,546,381 
143, 183, 183 

773,797,880 
612,520,836 
370,138,429 
426,314,634 

400,089,303 

301,220,988 

918,198,882 

2,218,645,164 

347,828,770 
305,317,185 
167,189,081 
491,471,806 
159,447,990 

75,123,970 
150,795,201 

60,399,365 

'    637,543,411 

528,243,782 

1,614,694,584 


1900 


$20,439,901,164 


639, 
2,310, 
5,683, 
5,820, 
1,454, 
1, 195, 
1,619, 

601, 
1,113, 


645,900 
880,728 
925,367 
994,481 
031,316 
868,790 
954,613 
264, 180 
329,789 


122,410,904 
85,842,096 

108,451,427 

182,646,704 
26,989,189 

113,305,580 

1,069,723,895 

189,533,660 

1,051,629,173 

1,198,923,946 
978,616,471 

2,004,316,897 
690,355,734 
811,712,319 

788,684,642 
1,834,345,546 
1,033,121,897 
255,266,751 
297,525,302 
747,950,057 
864,100,286 

40,697,654 
204,645,407 

11,535,376 
323,515,977 
203,907,349 
233,834,693 
153,591,159 
228,374,637 

53,929,064 

471,045,856 
341,202,025 
179,399,882 
204,221,027 

181,416,001 

198,536,906 

1277,525,433 

962,476,273 

117,859,823 
67,271,202 
67,477,407 

161,045,101 
53,767,824 
29,993,847 
75, 175, 141 
28,073,835 

144,040,547 
172,761,287 
796,527,955 


Increase. 


Amount. 


$20,551,547,926 


227; 

648, 
4,435; 

7,714. 

1,497; 

986, 
2,218, 
1, 156, 
1,667, 


594,557 
702,294 
202,699 
316,030 
169,457 
902,989 
199,724 
309, 188 
151,988 


76,861,094 
17,862,100 
36,948,301 
43,827,321 
6,001,550 
46,094,191 

381,757,600 

65,299,005 

201,645,689 

703,770,643 
830,518,767 
1,901,004,178 
398,502,645 
601,406,466 

687,727,095 
1,911,514,998 
1,019,795,591 
719,547,454 
868,571,678 
1,331,868,590 
1,175,289,624 

22,481,547 
81,521,621 
-3,058,843 
301,549,406 
110,831,191 
303,881,517 
238,537,155 
352, 171, 744 
89,254,119 

302,752,024 
271,318,811 
190,738,547 
222,093,607 

218,673,302 

102,684,082 

640,673,449 

1,250,168,891 

229,968,947 
238,045,983 
99,711,674 
330,426,705 
105,680,166 
45, 130, 123 
75,620,000 
31,725,530 

493,502,864 
355,482,495 
818,166,629 


Per  cent 


100.5 


35.6 
28.1 
78.0 
132.5 
103.0 
82.5 
136.9 
192.3 
149.7 


62.8 
20.8 
34.1 
24.0 
22.2 
40.7 

35.7 
34.5 
19.2 

58.7 
84.9 
94.8 
57.7 
74.1 

87.2 
104.2 

98.7 
281.9 
291.9 
178.1 
136.0 

55.2 
39.8 
-26.5 
93.2 
54.4 
130.0 
155.3 
154.2 
165.5 

64.3 
79.5 
106.3 
108.8 

120.5 

51.7 

230.9 

130.5 

195.1 
353.9 
147.8 
205.2 
196.6 
150.5 
100.6 
110.6 

342.6 
205.8 
102.7 


1910 


$28,475,674,169 


382,134,424 
i;  462, 321, 005 
7,231,699,114 
10,052,560,913 
1,883,349,675 
1,326,826,864 
2,716,098,530 
1,174,370,096 
2,246,313,548 


86,481,395 
44,519,047 
68,385,327 
105,532,616 
15,009,981 
72,206,058 

707,747,828 
124, 143, 167 
630,430,010 

1,285,894,812 

1,328,196,545 

3,090,411,148 

615,258,348 

911,938,261 

1,019,102,027 
2,801,973,729 
1,445,982,389 
730,380,131 
902,006,751 
1,614,539,313 
1,537,976,573 

34,938,161 
163,451,614 
7,193,950 
394,658,912 
207,075,759 
343,164,945 
268,774,854 
370,353,415 

93,738,065 

484,464,617 
371,415,783 
216,944,175 
254,002,289 

246,021,450 

187,803,277 

649,066,668 

1,633,207,135 

226,771,302 
219,953,316 
88,908,276 
362,822,205 
98,800,497 
42,349,737 
99, 482, 164 
35,276,599 

517,421,998 

411,696,102 

1,317,195,448 


1900 


$13,058,007,995 


283,460,803 

1,219,928,090 

3,973,023,780 

3,892,877,273 

899,820,936 

708,153,451 

953,785,562 

284,064,810 

842,893,290 


49,359,450 
35,498,760 
45,813,905 
86,925,410 
13,421,770 
52,441,508 

551,174,220 

93,360,930 

575,392,940 

817, 163, 710 
687,633,460 
1,514,113,970 
423,569,950 
530,542,690 

559,301,900 
1,256,751,980 
695,470,723 
173,352,270 
189,206,890 
486,605,900 
532,187,610 

23,768,820 
120,367,550 
9,700,230 
200,615,080 
134,269,110 
141,955,840 

99,805,800 
138,515,430 

30,823,016 

291,117,430 
202,013,790 
100,165,571 
114,856,660 

105,106,650 

107,730,210 

1149,397,900 

591,550,802 

52,660,560 
35,486,368 
23,434,010 
90,341,523 
17,323,709 
11,416,460 
40,126,560 
13,275,620 

99,310,510 
113,137,820 
630,444,960 


Increase. 


Amount. 


$15,417,666,174 


98,673,621 
242,392,915 

3,258,675,334 

6,159,683,640 
983,528,739 
618,673,413 

1,762,312,968 
890,305,280 

1,403,420,258 


37,121,945 
9,020,287 

12,571,422 

18,607,206 
1,588,211 

19,764,550 

156,573,608 
30,782,237 
55,037,070 

468,731,102 
640,563,085 
1,576,297,178 
191,688,398 
381,395,571 

459,800,127 

1,545,221,749 

750,511,666 

557,027,861 

713,399,861 

1,127,933,413 

1,005,788,963 

11,169,341 

43,084,064 
-2,506,280 
194,043,832 

72,806,649 
201,209,105 
168,968,994 
231,837,985 

62,915,049 

193,347,187 
169,401,993 
116,778,604 
139,145,629 

140,914,800 

80,073,067 

499,668,768 

1,041,656,333 

174,110,742 
184,466,948 
65,474,200 
272,480,082 
81,482,788 
30,933,277 
69,355,604 
22,000,979 

418,111,488 
298,558,282 
686,750,488 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


277 


AND  PERCENTAGES  OF  INCREASE.  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


BUILDINGS. 

1 

IMPLEMENTS  AND 

MACHINERY. 

LIVE  STOCK. 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

1 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

Amount. 

Percent. 

Amount. 

Percent. 

Amount. 

Percent 

1 

$6,325,451,528 

$3,556,639,496 

$2,768,812,032 

77.8 

$1,265,149,783 

$749,775,970 

$615,373,813 

68.7 

$4,925,173,610 

$3,075,477,703 

$1,849,695,907 

60.1 

2 

336,410,384 

244,806,945 

91,603,439 

37.4 

50,798,826 

36,551,820 

14,247,006 

39.0 

97,896,823 

74,826,332 

23,070,491 

3a8 

3 

980,628,098 

729,069,850 

251,558,248 

34.5 

167,480,384 

116,253,270 

51,227,114 

44.1 

349,159,535 

245,635,518 

103,524,017 

42.1 

4 

1,642,292,480 

939,573,660 

702,718,820 

74.8 

268,806,550 

166,694,220 

102,112,330 

61.3 

976,329,922 

604,633,707 

371,696,215 

61.5 

5 

1,562,104,957 

758,405,725 

803,699,232 

106.0 

368,935,544 

197,367,840 

171,567,704 

86.9 

1,551,708,097 

972,343,643 

579,364,454 

59.6 

6 

603,086,799 

306,528,682 

296,558,117 

96.7 

98,230,147 

53,318,890 

44,911,257 

84.2 

366,534,152 

194,362,808 

172,171,344 

88.6 

7 

411,570,975 

225,627,372 

185,943,603 

82.4 

75,339,333 

48,767,235 

26,572,098 

54.5 

369,034,607 

213,320,732 

155,713,875 

73.0 

8 

412,498,352 

185,105,506 

227,392,846 

122.8 

119,720,377 

77,925,050 

41,795,327 

53.6 

589,837,078 

403,138,495 

186,698,583 

46.3 

9 

145,026,777 

54,554,862 

90,471,915 

165.8 

49,429,975 

18,807,620 

30,622,355 

162.8 

588,746,520 

243,836,888 

144,909,632 

59.4 

10 

231,832,706 

112,966,894 

118,865,812 

105.2 

66,408,647 

34,090,025 

32,318,622 

94.8 

235,926,876 

123,379,580 

112,547,296 

91.2 

11 

73,138,231 

47,142,700 

25,995,531 

55.1 

14,490,533 

8,802,720 

5,687,813 

64.6 

25,161,839 

17,106,034 

8,055,805 

47.1 

12 

41,397,014 

34,625,600 

6,771,414 

19>6 

5,877,657 

5,163,090 

714,567 

13.8 

11,910,478 

10,554,646 

1,355,832 

12.8 

13 

54,202,948 

37,257,715 

16,945,233 

45.5 

10,168,687 

7,538,490 

2,630,197 

34.9 

22,642,766 

17,841,317 

4,801,449 

26.9 

14 

88,636,149 

71,093,880 

17,542,269 

24.7 

11,563,894 

8,828,950 

2,734,944 

31.0 

20,741,366 

15,798,464 

4,942,902 

31.3 

15 

12,922,879 

9,703,490 

3,219,389 

33.2 

1,781,407 

1,270,270 

511,137 

40.2 

3,276,472 

2,593,659 

682,813 

26.3 

16 

66,113,163 

44,983,560 

21,129,603 

47.0 

6,916,648 

4,948,300 

1,968,348 

39.8 

14,163,902 

10,932,212 

3,231,690 

29.6 

17 

476,998,001 

336,959,960 

140,038,041 

41.6 

83,644,822 

56,006,000 

27,638,822 

49.3 

183,090,844 

126,583,715 

57,507,129 

45.8 

18 

92,991,352 

69,230,080 

23,761,272 

34.3 

13,109,507 

9,330,030 

3,779,477 

40.5 

24,688,639 

17,612,620 

6,976,019 

39.6 

19 

410,638,745 

322,879,810 

87,768,935 

27.2 

70,726,065 

60,917,240 

19,808,815 

38.9 

141,480,062 

102,439,183 

39,040,869 

38.1 

20 

368,257,594 

219,451,470 

148,806,124 

67.8 

61,210,071 

36,354,150 

14,855,921 

40.9 

197,332,112 

125,954,616 

71,377,496 

56.7 

21 

266,079,051 

154,101,880 

111,977,171 

72.7 

40,999,541 

27,330,370 

13,669,171 

50.0 

173,860,101 

109,650,761 

64,309,340 

58.7 

22 

432,381,422 

251,467,680 

180,913,842 

71.9 

73,724,074 

44,977,310 

28,746,764 

63.9 

308,804,431 

193,758,037 

116,046,394 

59.4 

23 

285,879,951 

158,947,760 

126,932,191 

79.9 

49,916,285 

28,795,380 

21,120,905 

73.3 

137,803,795 

79,042,644 

58,761,151 

74.3 

24 

289,694,462 

155,604,970 

134,069,492 

86.2 

52,956,579 

29,237,010 

23,719,569 

81.1 

158,529,483 

96,327,649 

62,201,834 

64.6 

25 

243,339,399 

110,220,415 

133,118,984 

120.8 

52,329,165 

30,099,230 

22,229,935 

73.9 

161,641,146 

89,063,097 

72,578,049 

81.5 

2C 

455,405,671 

240,802,810 

214,602,861 

89.1 

95,477,948 

57,960,660 

37,517,288 

64.7 

393,003,196 

278,830,096 

114,173,100 

40.9 

27 

270,221,997 

148,508,490 

121,713,507 

82.0 

50,873,994 

28,602,680 

22,271,314 

77.9 

285,839,108 

160,540,004 

125,299,104 

78.0 

28 

92,276,013 

25,428,430 

66,848,183 

262.9 

43,907,595 

14,055,560 

29,852,035 

212.4 

108,249,860 

42,430,491 

65,819,375 

155.1 

29 

102,474,056 

30,926,300 

71,547,756 

231.3 

33,786,973 

12,218,680 

21,568,293 

176.5 

127,229,200 

65,173,432 

62,055,768 

95.2 

30 

198,807,622 

91,054,120 

107,753,502 

118.3 

44,249,708 

24,940,450 

19,309,258 

77.4 

222,222,004 

145,349,587 

76,872,417 

52.9 

31 

199,579,599 

111,465,160 

88,114,439 

79.1 

48,310,161 

29,490,580 

18,819,581 

63.8 

253,523,677 

190,956,936 

62,566,641 

32.8 

32 

18,217,822 

10,667,220 

7,560,602 

70.8 

3,206,095 

2,150,560 

1,055,535 

49.1 

6,817,123 

4,111,054 

2,706,069 

65.8 

33 

78,285,509 

54,810,760 

23,474,749 

42.8 

11,859,771 

8,611,220 

3,248,551 

37.7 

32,670,134 

20,855,877 

11,714,257 

56.2 

34 

1,037,393 

1,573,760 

-536,367 

-34.1 

92,350 

136,060 

-43,710 

-32.1 

152,840 

125,326 

27,514 

22.0 

35 

137,399,150 

70,963,120 

.66,436,030 

93.6 

18,115,883 

9,911,040 

8,204,843 

82.8 

74,891,438 

42,026,737 

32,864,701 

78.2 

36 

57,315,195 

34,026,560 

23,288,635 

68.4 

7,011,513 

5,040,420 

1,971,093 

39.1 

43,336,073 

30,571,259 

12,764,814 

41.8 

37 

113,459,662 

52,700,080 

60,759,582 

115.3 

18,441,619 

9,072,600 

9,369,019 

103.3 

62,649,984 

30, 106, 173 

32,543,811 

108.1 

38 

64,113,227 

26,955,670 

37,157,557 

137.8 

14,108,853 

6,629,770 

7,479,083 

112.8 

45,131,380 

20,199,859 

24,931,521 

123.4 

39 

108,850,917 

44,854,690 

63,996,227 

142.7 

20,948,056 

9,804,010 

11,144,046 

113.7 

80,393,^3 

35,200,507 

45,193,486 

128.4 

40 

24,407,924 

9,976,822 

14,431,102 

144.6 

4,446,007 

1,963,210 

2,482,797 

126.5 

20,591,187 

11,166,016 

9,425,171 

84.4 

41 

150,994,755 

90,887,460 

60,107,295 

66.1 

20,851,846 

15,301,860 

5,549,986 

36.3 

117,486,662 

73,739,106 

43,747,556 

59.3 

42 

109,106,804 

63,136,960 

45,969,844 

72.8 

21,292,171 

15,232,670 

6,059,501 

39.8 

110,706,078 

60,818,605 

49,887,473 

82.0 

43 

71,309,416 

34,452,612 

36,856,804 

107.0 

16,290,004 

8,675,900 

7,614,104 

87.8 

65,594,834 

36,105,799 

29,489,035 

81.7 

44 

80,160,000 

37,150,340 

43,009,660 

115.8 

16,905,312 

9,556,805 

7,348,507 

76.9 

75,247,033 

42,657,222 

32,589,811 

76.4 

45 

63,145,363 

30,075,520 

33,069,843 

110.0 

16,864,198 

8,750,060 

8,114,138 

92.7 

74,058,292 

37,483,771 

36,574,521 

97.6 

46 

49,741,173 

33,400,400 

16,340,773 

48.9 

18,977,053 

28,536,790 

-9,559,737 

-33.5 

44,699,485 

28,869,506 

15,829,979 

54.8 

47 

89,610,556 

121,406,775 

68,203,781 

318.6 

27,088,860 

110,512,495 

16,576,371 

157.7 

152,432,792 

196,208,263 

56,224,529 

58.4 

48 

210,001,260 

100,222,811 

109,778,449 

109.5 

• 
165.4 

56,790,260 

30,125,705 

26,664,555 

88.5 

318,646,509 

240,576,955 

78,069,554 

32.5 

49 

24,854,628 

9,365,530 

15,489,098 

10,539,653 

3,671,900 

6,867,753 

187.0 

85,663,187 

52,161,833 

33,501,354 

64.2 

50 

25,112,509 

6,831,815 

18,280,694 

267.6 

10,476,051 

3,295,045 

7,181,006 

217.9 

49,775,309 

21,657,974 

28,117,335 

129.8 

51 

9,007,001 

3,531,520 

5,475,481 

155.0 

3,668,294 

1,366,000 

2,302,294 

168.5 

65,605,510 

39,145,877 

26,459,633 

67.6 

52 

45,696,656 

16,002,512 

29,694,144 

185.6 

12,791,601 

4,746,755 

8,044,846 

169.5 

70,161,344 

49,954,311 

20,207,033 

40.5 

53 

13,024,502 

3, 565; 105 

9,459,397 

265.3 

4,122,312 

1,151,610 

2,970,702 

258.0 

43,494,679 

31,727,400 

11,767,279 

37.1 

54 

4,935,573 

2,266,500 

2,669,073 

117.8 

1,787,790 

765,200 

1,022,590 

133.6 

26,050,870 

15,545,687 

10,505,183 

67.6 

55 

18,063,168 

10,651,790 

7,411,378 

69.6 

4,468,178 

2,922,550 

1,545,628 

52.9 

28,781,691 

21,474,241 

7,307,450 

34.0 

56 

4,332,740 

2,340,090 

1,992,650 

85.2 

1,576,096 

888,560 

687,536 

77.4 

19,213,930 

12,169,565 

7,044,365 

57.9 

57 

54,546,459 

16,299,200 

38,247,259 

234.7 

16,709,844 

■    6,271,630 

10,438,214 

166.4 

48,865,110 

22,159,207 

26,705,903 

120.5 

58 

43,880,207 

19,199,694 

24,680,513 

128.5 

13,205,645 

6,506,725 

6,698,920 

103.0 

59,461,828 

33,917,048 

25,544,780 

75.3 

59 

133,406,040 

77,468,000 

55,938,040 

72.2 

36,493,158 

21,311,670 

15,181,488 

71.2 

127,599,938 

67,303,325 

60,296,613 

89.6 

278 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  of  land. — 
Much  more  significant  than  comparisons  between 
states  and  divisions  with  respect  to  the  total  value  of 
farm  property  are  comparisons  of  the  average  value 
of  farm  property  per  acre  of  land  in  farms.  Table  12 
shows  for  each  division  and  state  the  average  value,  per 
acre  of  farm  land,  of  all  farm  property  and  of  each  class. 

In  the  average  value  of  all  farm  property  per  acre 
of  farm  land  the  geographic  division  which  ranks 
highest  is  the  East  North  Central,  the  average  in 
that  division  being  $85.81.  The  Middle  Atlantic  divi- 
sion is  next  ($68.52  per  acre),  followed  by  the  West 
North  Central  ($58.18),  Pacific  ($54.17),  and  New 
England  ($43.99)  divisions  in  the  order  named.  In 
the  Mountain  division,  as  well  as  in  each  of  the  three 
southern  divisions,  the  average  value  of  farm  property 
per  acre  falls  between  $20  and  $30. 

The  average  value  of  land  itself  per  acre  ranges  from 
$61.32  in  the  East  North  Central  division  to  $16.06  in 
|the  West  South  Central.  The  values  are  much  lower 
in  New  England,  the  three  southern  divisions,  and 
the  Mountain  division  than  iij  the  other  four  divisions. 

The  southern  divisions  of  the  country  in  general 
show  greater  percentages  of  increase  in  the  value  of 


all  farm  property  per  acre  of  farm  land  during  the 
past  decade  than  the  northern  divisions.  The  West 
South  Central  division  outranks  all  others  in  this 
respect,  with  an  increase  of  147.2  per  cent.  The  two 
most  westerly  divisions,  Mountain  and  Pacific,  rank 
next  in  percentage  of  increase,  followed  by  the  South 
Atlantic  and  the  West  North  Central.  In  all  five  of 
the  divisions  just  named  the  average  value  of  all  farm 
property  per  acre  of  land  was  more  than  twice  as  high 
in  1910  as  in  1900.  The  lowest  rate  of  increase,  33 
per  cent,  was  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division. 

The  principal  factor  in  the  increase  of  the  value  of 
farm  property  as  a  whole  has  been  the  increase  in  the 
value  of  land  per  acre.  In  five  of  the  nine  geographic 
divisions — ^namely,  the  four  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  together  with  the  South  Atlantic — the  average 
value  of  land  in  farms  per  acre  was  more  than  twice 
as  high  in  1910  as  in  1900;  in  the  Mountain  division 
it  was  more  than  three  times  as  high.  In  the  East 
North  Central  and  East  South  Central  divisions  the 
increase  in  value  of  farm  land  per  acre  exceeded  75 
per  cent.  The  lowest  percentages  of  increase  were  in 
the  Middle  Atlantic  and  New  England  divisions — 24.5 
per  cent  and  40.5  per  cent,  respectively. 


Table  11 

AVERAGE  VALTJE  OF  ALL  FARM 
PROPERTY  PER  ACRE. 

LAND. 

BUILDINGS. 

IMPLEMENTS  AND 
MACHINERY. 

LIVE  STOCK. 

SECTION. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

1910 

1900 

Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

1910 

1900 

Per 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

of  in- 
crease. 

United  States 

The  North 

946.64 
66.46 
25.31 
40.93 

$24.37 
37.77 
11.79 
18.28 

$22.27 
28.69 
13.52 
22.65 

91.4 

76.0 
114.7 
123.9 

$32.40 
46.26 
16.72 
30.86 

$16. 5r 

24.48 
7.08 
12.01 

$16.83 

21.78 
9.64 
18.85 

108.1 

89.0 
136.2 
157.0 

$7.20 
10.93 
4.03 
3.40 

$4.24 
6.98 
1.98 
1.79 

69.8 

56.6 
103.5 
89.9 

$1.44 

2.07 
0.83 
1.04 

$0.89 
1.35 
0.50 
0.56 

61.8 
63.3 
66.0 
85.7 

$5.60 
7.20 
3.74 
6.63 

$3.67 
4.96 
2.24 
3.92 

62.6 

45.2 

The  South 

67.0 

The  West 

43.6 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

52.11 
42.74 

30.72 
19.43 

21.39 
23.31 

69.6 
120.0 

33.56 
31.58 

19.29 
12.67 

14.27 
18.91 

74.0 
149.3 

10.85 
4.59 

6.66 
2.36 

62.9 
94.5 

1.80 
1.18 

1.15 
0.70 

50.5 
68.6 

6.90 
5.40 

3.63 
3.70 

62.5 
45.9 

The  average  value  of  all  farm  property  in  the  North, 
as  shown  in  Table  1 1,  is  equal  to  $66.46  for  each  acre  of 
land  in  farms,  in  the  South  to  $25.31 ,  and  in  the  West  to 
$40.93.  The  South  shows  a  decidedly  higher  percent- 
age of  increase  in  the  average  during  the  past  decade 
than  the  North. 

The  average  value  of  land  per  acre  is  shown  by 
counties  in  the  map  on  page  275.  It  should  be  noted 
that  the  averages  are  based  only  on  land  in  farms. 
Each  county  as  a  whole  is  shaded  according  to  the 
average  value  per  acre  of  land  in  farms,  even  though 
only  a  small  proportion  of  the  county  may  actually 
be  occupied  by  farm  land.  There  are,  for  example, 
certain  counties  in  the  West  in  which,  usually  because 
of  irrigation,  the  average  value  of  land  in  farms  exceeds 
$100  per  acre,  but  in  which  less  than  one-fifth  of  the 
total  area  is  in  farms.  Somewhat  similar  conditions 
appear  in  several  counties  in  Florida  and  a  few  else- 
where. Comparison  should  therefore  be  made  between 
this  map  and  the  map  on  page  272  showing  the  pro- 
portion of  the  total  land  area  of  each  county  which 
is  occupied  by  farms. 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm. — Table  13,  on 
page  280,  shows  the  average  value  per  farm  of  all  farm 


property  and  of  each  class,  and  also,  as  a  means  of 
judging  the  significance  of  '  the  figures,  the  average 
acreage  and  improved  acreage  per  farm. 

Owing  to  the  combined  effect  of  large  average  size 
of  farms  and  high  average  value  of  farm  property  per 
acre,  the  Pacific  and  West  North  Central  divisions 
conspicuously  lead  all  others  in  average  value  of  all 
farm  property  per  farm,  the  average  for  the  Pacific 
division  being  $14,643.  On  account  of  the  large  aver- 
age acreage  of  farms,  the  Mountain  division  ranks  next 
to  the  West  North  Central  in  average  value  of  farms 
and,  on  account  of  the  high  average  value  of  farm 
property  per  acre,  the  East  North  Central  ranks  next. 
In  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South  Central  divi- 
sions the  average  values  per  farm — $2,654  and  $2,094, 
respectively — are  very  much  lower  than  those  in  the 
other  divisions,  the  farms  themselves  being  small  and 
their  average  value  per  acre  comparatively  low.  If 
each  plantation  in  the  South  were  treated  as  a  single 
farm,  the  average  value  of  property  per  farm  would 
be  considerably  higher  than  shown  in  the  table. 

In  every  division  the  average  value  of  farms  has 
increased  greatly  since  1900;  in  the  West  North  Cen- 
tral division  it  has  more  than  doubled. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


279 


FARM  PROPERTY— AVERAGE  VALUE   OF  EACH  CLASS  OF   FARM  PROPERTY  PER  ACRE    OF   LAND  IN  FARMS, 

WITH  INCREASES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  12 

ALL  FARM  PROPERTY. 

LAND. 

BOTLDINGS. 

IMPLEMENTS  AND 
MACHINERY. 

UVE  stock. 

DIViaiON  OR  STATE. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Perct. 
of  in- 
crease. 

1910 

1900 

Per  ct. 
of  in- 
crease. 

1910 

1900 

Perct. 
of  in- 
crease. 

Amt. 

Per  ct. 

Amt. 

Perct. 

TTnlted  States... 

$16.64 

$24.37 

122.27 

91.4 

$32.40 

$15.57 

$16.83 

108.1 

$7.20 

$4.24 

69.8 

$1.44 

$0.89 

61.8 

$5.60 

$3.67 

62.6 

New  England 

43.99 

31.13 

12.86 

41.3 

19.38 

13.79 

5.59 

40.5 

17.06 

11.91 

43.2 

2.58 

1.78 

44.9 

4.97 

3.64 

36.6 

Middle  Atlantic 

68.52 

61.51 

17.01 

33.0 

33.86 

27.19 

6.67 

24.5 

22.70 

16.25 

39.7 

3.88 

2.59 

49.8 

8.08 

5.48 

47.4 

East  North  Central. 

85.81 

48.86 

36.95 

75.6 

61.32 

34.15 

27.17 

79.6 

13.93 

8.08 

72.4 

2.28 

1.43 

59.4 

8.28 

5.20 

59.2 

West  North  Central. 

58.18 

28.96 

29.22 

100.9 

43.21 

19.37 

23.84 

123.1 

i      6.71 

3.77 

78.0 

1.59 

0.98 

62.2 

6.67 

4.84 

37.8 

South  Atlantic 

28.44 

13.94 

14.50 

104.0 

18.15 

8.63 

9.52 

110.3 

i      5.81 

2.94 

97.6 

0.95 

0.51 

86.3 

3.53 

1.86 

89.8 

East  South  Central. 

26.78 

14.72 

12.06 

81.9 

16.28 

8.72 

7.66 

86.7 

i      6.06 

2.78 

81.7 

0.92 

0.60 

53.3 

4.63 

2.63 

72.2 

West  South  Central. 

22.69 

9.18 

13.51 

147.2 

16.06 

5.40 

10.66 

197.4 

2.44 

1.05 

132.4 

0.71 

0.44 

61.4 

3.49 

2.28 

53.1 

29.52 
64.17 

12.96 
23.49 

16.56 
30.68 

127.8 
130.6 

19.73 
43.76 

6.12 
17.78 

13.61 
25.98 

222.4 
146.1 

2.44 
4.62 

1.18 
2.38 

106.8 
89.9 

0.83 
1.29 

0.41 
0.72 

102.4 
79.2 

6.53 
4.60 

5.26 
2.60 

24.1 

Pacific 

76.9 

Maine 

31.65 
31.91 

19.43 
23.78 

12.22 
8.13 

62.9 
34^2 

13.73 
13.70 

7.83 
9.83 

5.90 
3.87 

75.4 
39.4 

11.62 
12.74 

7.48 
9.59 

65.3 
32.8 

2.30 
1.81 

1.40 
1.43 

64.3 
26.6 

4.00 
3.67 

2.72 
2.92 

47.1 

New  Hampshire... 

25.7 

31.18 
78.75 

22.96 
68.04 

8.22 
20.71 

35.8 
35.7 

12.52 
36.69 

9.70 
27.62 

2.82 
9.07 

29.1 
32.8 

11.62 
30.82 

7.89 
22.59 

47.3 
36.4 

2.18 
4.02 

1.60 
2.81 

36.3 
43.1 

4.86 
7.21 

3.78 
5.02 

28.6 

Massachusetts 

43.6 

Rhode  Island 

74.42 

59.24 

15.18 

26.6 

33.86 

29.46 

4.40 

14.9 

29.15 

21.30 

36.9 

4.02 

2.79 

44.1 

7.39 

5.69 

29.9 

Connecticut 

72.93 

49.01 

23.92 

48.8 

33.03 

22.68 

10.35 

45.6 

30.25 

19.46 

55.4 

3.16 

2.14 

47.7 

6.48 

4.73 

37.0 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

05.89 
09.01 
67.43 

47.23 
66.71 
64.29 

18.66 
32.30 
13.14 

39.6 
48.4 
24.2 

32.13 
48.23 
33.92 

24.34 
32.86 
29.70 

7.79 
16.37 
4.22 

32.0 
46.8 
14.2 

21.65 
36.13 
22.09 

14.88 
24.37 
16.67 

46.6 
48.3 
32.6 

3.80 
5.09 
3.81 

2.47 
3.28 
2.63 

63.8 
55.2 
44.9 

8.31 
9.55 
7.61 

6.64 
6.20 
5.29 

50.0 

New  Jersey 

54.0 

Pennsylvania 

43.9 

East  North  Centbal: 

Ohio 

78.93 
84.94 
120.08 
67.49 
67.10 

48.93 
45.27 
61.12 
39.31 
40.87 

30.00 
39.67 
58.96 
18.18 
26.23 

61.3 
87.6 
96.5 
46.2 
64.2 

63.34 
62.36 
95.02 
32.48 
43.30 

33.36 
31.81 
46.17 
24.12 
26.71 

19.99 
30.55 
48.85 
8.36 
16.59 

59.9 
96.0 
105.8 
34.7 
62.1 

16.28 
12.49 
13.29 
15.09 
13.76 

8.96 
7.13 
7.67 
9.05 
7.83 

70.6 
75.2 
73.3 
66.7 
76.7 

2.12 
1.92 
2.27 
2.64 
2.51 

1.48 
1.26 
1.37 
1.64 
1.47 

43.2 
52.4 
65.7 
61.0 
70.7 

8.19 
8.16 
9.49 
7.28 
7.53 

5.14 
6.07 
5.91 
4.50 

4.86 

59.3 

Indiana 

60.9 

Illinois 

60.6 

Michigan 

61.8 

Wisconsin 

55.3 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

53.35 
110.40 
59.35 
34.29 

30.05 
63.06 
30.39 
16.42 

23.30 
57.34 
28.96 
17.87 

77.5 
108.1 

95.3 
108.8 

36.82 
82.58 
41.80 
26.69 

21.31 
36.35 
20.46 
11.15 

15.51 
46.23 
21.34 
14.64 

72.8 
127.2 
104.3 
130.4 

8.79 
13.42 
7.81 
3.25 

4.20 
6.96 
4.37 
1.64 

109.3 
92.8 
78.7 
98.2 

1.89 
2.81 
1.47 
1.54 

1.15 
1.68 
0.84 
0.90 

64.3 
67.3 
75.0 
71.1 

5.84 
11.58 
8.26 
3.81 

3.39 
8.06 
4.72 
2.73 

72.3 

Iowa 

43.7 

Missouri 

75.0 

North  Dakota 

39.6 

South  Dakota 

44.82 

15.60 

29.22 

187.3 

34.69 

9.92 

24.77 

249.7 

3.94 

1.62 

143.2 

1.30 

0.64 

103.1 

4.89 

3.42 

43.0 

Nebraska 

53.85 
47.01 

25.01 
20.74 

28.84 
26.27 

115.3 
126.7 

41.80 
36.45 

16.27 
12.^ 

25.53 
22.68 

156.9 
177.6 

6.15 
4.60 

3.04 
2.68 

69.4 
71.6 

1.15 
1.11 

0.83 
0.71 

38.6 
56.3 

5.75 
6.84 

4.86 
4.58 

18.3 

Kansas 

27.5 

South  Atl.vntic: 

Delaware 

60.82 
56.59 

38.17 
39.58 

22.65 
17.01 

69.3 
43.0 

33.63 
32.32 

22.29 
23.28 

11.34 
9.04 

50.9 
38.8 

17.54 
15.48 

10.00 
10.60 

75.4 
46.0 

3.09 
2.35 

2.02 
1.67 

53.0 
40.7 

6.56 
6.44 

3.86 
4.03 

69.9 

Maryland 

59.8 

District  of  Columbia 

1,398.08 

1,358.86 

39.22 

2.9 

1,186.53 

1,142.68 

43.85 

3.8 

171.10 

185.39 

-7.7 

15.23 

16.03 

-5.0 

25.21 

14.76 

70.8 

Virginia 

32.06 
31.39 

16.25 
19.14 

15.81 
12.25 

97.3 
64.0 

20.24 
20.65 

10.08 
12.60 

10.16 
8.05 

100.8 
63.9 

7.05 
5.72 

3.56 
3.19 

98.0 
79.3 

0.93 
0.70 

0.50 
0.47 

86.0 
48.9 

3.84 
4.32 

2.11 
2.87 

82.0 

West  Virginia 

50.5 

North  Carolina 

23.96 

10.28 

13.68 

133.1 

15.29 

6.24 

9.05 

145.0 

5.06 

2.32 

118.1 

0.82 

0.40 

105.0 

2.79 

1.32 

111.4 

South  Carolina 

29.02 

10.98 

18.04 

164.3 

19.89 

7.14 

12.75 

178.6 

4.74 

1.93 

145.6 

1.04 

0.47 

121.3 

3.34 

1.44 

131.9 

Georgia 

21.54 
27.25 

8.65 
12.36 

12.89 
14.89 

149.0 
120.5 

13.74 
17.84 

5.25 
7.06 

8.49 
10.78 

161.7 
152.7 

4.04 
4.65 

1.70 
2.29 

137.6 
103.1 

0.78 
0.85 

0.37 
0.45 

110.8 
88.9 

2.98 
3.92 

1.33 
2.56 

124.1 

Florida 

53.1 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

34.87 
30.56 
17.85 
22.97 

21.43 
16.77 
8.67 
11.20 

13.44 
13.79 
9.18 
11.77 

62.7 
82.2 
105.9 
105.1 

21.83 
18.53 
10.46 
13.69 

13.24 
9.93 
4.84 
6.30 

8.69 
8.60 
5.62 
7.39 

64.9 
86.6 
116.1 
117.3 

6.80 
5.44 
3.44 
4.32 

4.14 
3.10 
1.67 
2.04 

64.3 
75.5 
106.0 
111.8 

0.94 
1.06 
0.79 
0.91 

0.70 
0.75 
0.42 
0.52 

34.3 
41.3 
88.1 
75.0 

5.29 
5.52 
3.16 
4.05 

3.35 
2.99 
1.75 
2.34 

67.9 

Tennessee 

84.6 

Alabama 

80.6 

Mississippi 

73.1 

West  South  Central: 

ArkftT|sfV».       ....    . 

22.97 
28.85 
31.82 
19.73 

10.90 
17.95 
12.07 
7.65 

12.07 
10.90 
19.75 
12.08 

110.7 
60.7 
163.6 
157.9 

14.13 
17.99 
22.49 
14.63 

6.32 
9.74 
6.50 
4.70 

7.81 
8.26 
15.99 
9.83 

123.6 
84.7 
246.0 
209.1 

3.63 
4.76 
3.11 
1.87 

1.81 
3.02 
0.93 
0.80 

100.6 

57.6 

234.4 

133.8 

0.97 
1.82 
0.94 
0.51 

0.53 
2.68 
0.40 
0.24 

83.0 

-29.5 

104.3 

112.5 

4.25 
4.28 
5.28 
2.83 

2.25 
2.61 
4.19 
1.91 

88.9 

Louisiana 

64.0 

Oklahoma 

26.0 

Texas 

48.2 

Mountain: 

Montana 

25.68 
57.79 
19.57 
36.32 
14.15 

9.95 
20.99 

8.31 
17.00 
10.48 

15.73 
36.80 
11.26 
19.32 
3.67 

158.1 
175.3 
135.5 
113.6 
35.0 

16.74 
41.63 
10.41 
26.81 

8.77 

4.45 
11.07 
2.88 
9.54 
3.38 

12.29 
30.56 

7.53 
17.27 

5.39 

276.2 
276.1 
261.6 
181.0 
159.5 

1.83 
4.75 
1.05 
3.38 
1.16 

0.79 
2.13 
0.43 
1.69 
0.69 

131.6 
123.0 
144.2 
100.0 
68.1 

0.78 
1.98 
0.43 
0.95 
0.37 

0.31 
1.03 
0.17 
0.50 
0.22 

151.6 
92.2 

152.9 
90.0 
68.2 

6.32 
9.42 
7.68 
5.18 
3.86 

4.40 
6.76 
4.82 
5.27 
6.18 

43.6 

Idaho 

39.3 

Wyoming 

59.3 

Colorado 

1.7 

New  Mexico 

-37.5 

Arizona 

60.26 
44.38 
22.25 

15.50 
18.26 
11.18 

44.76 
26.12 
11.07 

288.8 
143.0 
99.0 

33.97 
29.28 
12.99 

5.90 
9.75 
5.17 

28.07 
19.53 
7.82 

475.8 
200.3 
151.3 

3.96 
5.32 
1.60 

1.17 
2.59 
0.91 

238.5 
105.4 
75.8 

1.43 
1.32 
0.58 

0.40 
0.71 
0.35 

257.5 
85.9 
65.7 

20.90 
8.47 
7.08 

8.03 
5.22 
4.74 

160.3 

Utah 

62.3 

Nevada 

49.4 

Pacific: 

Washington 

54.43 

16.95 

37.48 

221.1 

44.18 

11.68 

32.50 

278.3 

4.66 

1.92 

142.7 

1.43 

0.74 

93.2 

4.17 

2.61 

59.8 

Oregon 

45.21 

57.81 

17.15 
27.63 

28.06 
30.18 

163.6 
109.2 

35.23 
47.16 

11.23 
21.87 

24.00 
25.29 

213.7 
115.6 

3.76 
4.78 

1.91 
2.69 

96.9 

77.7 

1.13 
1.31 

0.65 
0.74 

73.8 
77.0 

5.09 

4.57 

3.37 
2.33 

51.0 

California... 

69.1 

280  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

FARM  LAND  AND  FARM  PROPERTY— AVERAGES  PER  FARM,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  13 


DIVISION  OB  STATE. 


XTnited  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota ... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah.. 

Nevada , 

Paotic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


AVEEAGE  ACRES  PEE  FAEM. 


All  farm  land. 


Improved  land. 


1910         1900         1910         1900 


138.1 


104.4 

92.2 

105.0 

209.6 

93.3 

78.2 

179.3 

324.5 

270.3 


104.9 
120.1 
142.6 
77.9 
83.8 
81.5 

102.2 
76.9 
84.8 


129.1 
91.5 
118.9 

177.3 
156.3 
124.8 
382.3 
335.1 
297.8 
244.0 

95.9 
103.4 
27.9 
105.9 
103.7 
88.4 
76.6 
92.6 
105.0 

85.6 
81.5 
78.9 
67.6 

81.1 
86.6 
151.7 
269.1 

516.7 
171.5 
777.6 
293.1 
315.9 
135.1 
•156.7 
,009.6 

208.4 
256.8 
316.7 


146.2 


107.1 
92.4 
102.4 
189.5 
108.4 
89.9 
233.8 
457.9 
334.8 


106.2 
123.1 
142.7 
83.4 
82.9 
85.8 

99.9 
82.0 
86.4 

88.5 
97.4 

124.2 
86.4 

117.0 

169.7 
151.2 
119.3 
342.9 
362.4 
246.1 
240.7 

110.1 
112.4 

31.6 
118.6 
114.7 
101.3 

90.0 
117.5 
106.9 

93.7 
90.6 
92.7 
82.6 

93.1 

95.4 

1  212. 9 

357.2 

885.9 
183.4 

1,333.0 
383.6 
416.8 
333.2 
212.4 

1,174.7 

256.0 
281.0 
397.4 


75.2 


38.4 
62.6 
79.2 

148.0 
43.6 
42.2 
61.8 
86.8 

116.1 


39.3 
34.3 
50.0 
31.5 
33.7 
36.9 

68.8 
53.9 
57.8 

70.7 
78.6 
111.4 
62.0 
67.2 

125.8 
135.9 
88.7 
275.1 
203.8 
188.0 
168.2 

65.8 
68.6 
23.7 
53.6 
57.1 
34.7 
34.6 
42.3 
36.1 

65.4 
44.3 
36.9 
32.8 

37.6 
43.8 
92.3 
65.5 

138.9 
90.2 

114.3 
93.2 
41.1 

•  38.0 
63.1 

279.7 

113.4 
93.9 
129.1 


72.2 


42.4 
63.4 
76.3 

127.9 
47.9 
44.5 
52.7 
82.9 

132.5 


40.3 
36.7 
64.2 
34.3 
34.1 
39.5 


57.1 
58.9 

69.5 
75.2 
104.9 
58.0 
66.2 

119.2 
130.8 
80.4 
212.8 
214.5 
151.7 
144.7 

77.8 
76.4 
22.1 
60.1 
59.2 
37.1 
37.2 
47.2 
37.0 

58.6 
45.6 
38.8 
34.4 

38.9 

40.2 

179.4 

55.6 

129.9 
80.9 

130.0 
92.1 
26.6 
43.8 
53.2 

262.3 

104.4 
92.9 
164.9 


AVEEAGE  VALUE  PEE  FAEM. 


All  farm  property. 


1910         1900 


S,444 


4,593 
6,319 
9,007 

12, 195 
2,654 
2,094 
4,069 
9,581 

14,643 


3,320 
3,833 
4,445 
6,135 
6,234 
5,944 

6,732 
7,610 
5,715 

6,994 
8,396 
15,505 
5,261 
7,978 

9,456 
17,259 

7,405 
13,109 
15,018 
16,038 
11,467 

5,830 
5,849 
39,062 
3j397 
3,255 
2,119 
2,223 
1,995 
2,863 

2,986 
2,490 
1,408 
1,554 

1,864 
2,499 
4,828 
5,311 

13,269 
9,911 

15,217 

10,645 
4,469 
8,142 
6,957 

22,462 

11,346 
11,609 
18,308 


$3, 563 


3,333 
4,759 
5,004 
5,488 
1,511 
1,324 
2,146 
5,934 
7,864 


2,064 
2,927 
3,276 
4,843 
4,909 
4,205 

4,718 
5,470 
4,690 

4,333 
4,410 
7,588 
3,396 
4,781 

6,100 
8,023 
3,626 
6,631 
5,654 
6,155 
4,992 

4,201 
4,448 
42,882 
1,927 
2,196 
1,041 
989 
1,016 
1,321 

2,007 

1,519 

804 

925 

1,015 

1,712 

12,570 

2,733 

8,815 
3,850 

11,071 
6,520 
4,367 
5,163 
3,878 

13,129 

4,338 
4,821 
10,980 


Land. 


1910         1900 


$4,476 


2,024 
3,122 
6,437 
9,057 
1,694 
1,273 
2,880 
6,402 
11,829 


1,441 
1,646 
1,785 
2,859 
2,836 
2,693 

3,283 
3,707 
2,875 

4,727 
6,164 
12,270 
2,973 
5,148 

6,527 
12, 910 

6,216 

9,822 
11,626 
12,450 

8,648 

3,224 
3,341 
33, 152 
2,145 
2,142 
1,352 
1,523 
1,273 
1,874 

1,869 

1,510 

826 

926 

1,146 
1,558 
3,413 
3,909 

8,651 
7,140 
8,092 
7,858 
2,770 
4,690 
4,590 
13,119 

9,208 
9,048 
14,935 


$2, 276 


1;477 
2,512 
3,498 
3,670 
935 
784 
1,264 
2,803 
5,953 


832 
1,211 
1,384 
2,305 
2,441 
1,946 

2,431 
2,694 
2,566 

2,953 
3,099 
5,732 
2,084 
3,126 

3,616 
5,497 
2,441 
3,824 
3,696 
4,004 
3,074 

2,454 

2,616 

36,060 

1,195 

1,446 

632 

642 

616 

756 

1,241 
899 
449 
620 


929 

11,383 

1,680 

3,939 
2,031 
3,845 
3,658 
1,407 
1,965 
2,070 
6,079 

2,991 
3,157 
8,691 


Buildings. 


1910 


$994 


1,782 

2,094 

1,462 

1,407 

542 

394 

437 

791 

1,221 


1,219 
1,530 
1,657 
2,401 
2,442 
2,466 

2,212 
2,777 
1,873 

1,354 
1,235 
1,717 
1,381 
1,636 

1,658 
2,098 
975 
1,241 
1,320 
1,533 
1,122 

1,681 
1,600 
4,781 
747 
593 
447 
363 
374 


583 
444 
271 
292 

294 
413 
471 
503 

948 
815 
820 
990 
365 
535 
833 
1,611 

971 

964 

1,513 


1900 


$620 


1,276 
1,501 
827 
715 
319 
250 
245 
538 
798 


796 
1,181 
1,125 
1,886 
1,765 
1,669 

1,486 
1,998 
1,440 

793 
694 
952 
782 
916 

713 
1,063 
621 
561 
588 
749 
644 

1,101 
1,191 
6,850 
423 
366 
235 
174 
200 
244 

387 
281 
154 
168 

168 

288 

1198 

285 

700 
391 
579 
648 
290 
390 
649 
1,071 

491 

536 

1,068 


Implements 
and  machinery. 


1910        1900 


$199 


209 
358 
239 
332 
88 
72 
127 
269 
360 


241 
217 
311 
313 
337 
258 


391 
323 

188 
190 
293 
241 
299 

336 
440 
183 
590 
435 
341 
272 


242 
426 
98 
73 
73 
80 
72 


80 
87 
62 
62 

79 
167 
142 
136 

402 
340 
334 
277 
116 
194 
206 
586 

297 
290 
414 


$131 


190 
239 
147 
186 
65 
54 
103 
186 
241 


148 
176 
228 
234 
231 
184 

247 
269 
227 

132 
123 
170 
142 
172 

195 
253 
100 
310 
232 
205 
170 

222 
187 
506 
59 
54 
40 
43 
44 
48 

65 
68 
39 
44 

49 
246 
197 

85 

275 
188 
224 
192 
93 
132 
151 
407 

189 
182 
294 


Live  stock. 


1910         1900 


$774 


519 
745 
869 

1,398 
330 

.  364 
625 

2,119 

1,242 


419 
440 
692 
562 
619 
628 

849 
734 
646 

725 

807 

1,226 

666 


1,036 
1,811 
1,031 
1,456 
1,639 
1,714 
1,426 

629 
666 
704 
407 
448 
247 
256 
276 
412 

453 
450 
250 
274 

346 
371 
801 

763 

3,268 
1,616 
5,971 
1,520 
1,219 
2,823 
1,328 
7,145 

870 
1,307 
1,447 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


281' 


In  the  North,  as  shown  in  Table  14,  the  average 
value  of  a  farm  with  its  equipment  in  1910  was  $9,507, 
as  compared  with  $2,897  in  the  South  and  $12,155  in 
the  West.  The  West  leads  the  other  two  sections  in 
the  average  value  per  farm  of  land,  of  implements  and 
machinery,  and  of  live  stock,  but  the  average  value  of 
buildings  per  farm  is  highest  in  the  North.  The  aver- 
age value  of  a  farm  is  nearly  twice  as  high  for  the  ter- 
ritory west  of  the  Mississippi  as  for  that  east  of  the 
river,  the  excess  being  due  to  the  difference  in  the 
average  size  of  farms.  In  spite  of  the  lower  average 
size  of  farms,  it  should  be  noted  that  the  average  value 


of  buildings  per  farm  is  higher  east  of  the  Mississippi 
River  than  west. 


Table  14 


TTnited  States  . . 

The  North 

The  South 

The  Wes^ 

East  of  Mississippi. 
West  of  Mississippi. 


ALL  FARM 
PROPERTY. 


1910    1900     1910    1900 


$6, 444  $3, 563  $4, 476  $2, 276 


9,507 
2,897 
12,155 


9,030 


6,030  6,618 
1,629!  1,913 
7,059    9,162 


3,067 
4,448 


3,122 
6,672 


3,260 

978 

4,639 


1,926 
2,902 


BUILDINGS. 


1910  1900 


$994 

1,564 

461 

1,009 


1,010 
969 


$620 
930 
274 


665 
540 


IMPLEMENTS 

AND 
MACHINERY. 


1910    1900 


$199 


95 
310 


168 
249 


$131 

180 


218 


LrVE 
STOCK. 


1910    1900 


$774 

1,029 

428 

1,673 


549 
1,140 


$536 

660 

309 

1,512 


362 
847 


FAEMS  AND  FARM  PROPEKTY:  1860  TO  1910. 


United  States  as  a  whole. — Table  15  shows,  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole,  the  population,  number 
and  acreage  of  farms,  and  value  of  farm  property 
at  each  census  from  1850  to  1910.  In  considering  this 
table  it  should  be  noted  that  some  of  the  figures  are 
not  entirely  comparable.  There  have  been  some  vari- 
ations from  census  to  census  in  the  definition  of  farm 
land  and  of  improved  farm  land.  Moreover,  in  some 
of  the  Western  states,  land  which  was  formerly  free 
public  range,  and  as  such  utilized  more  or  less  exten- 
sively for  grazing,  has  from  time  to  time  been  brought 
under  private  ownership  without  involving  any  con- 
siderable change  in  the  character  or  extent  of  the 
agricultural  operations.  This  transfer  of  unimproved 
grazing  land  from  public  to  private  ownership  tends  to 
reduce  the  proportion  of  improved  land  to  total  land 


in  farms.  Again,  the  comparability  of  the  figures 
regarding  the  number  of  farms  is  affected  by  the 
changes  in  respect  to  the  management  of  planta- 
tions in  the  South  which  followed  the  Civil  War, 
Prior  to  the  war  plantations  were  ordinarily  worked 
by  slave  or  hired  labor  and  were  reported  as  single 
units,  while  after  the  war  they  came  more  and  more  to 
be  parceled  out  to  tenants,  whose  holdings  are  reported 
by  the  census  as  separate  farms,  even  though  they 
may  be  operated  under  a  thoroughgoing  supervision 
on  tlie  part  of  the  owner  of  the  plantation  or  his  repre- 
sentative. Notwithstanding  these  qualifications,  how- 
ever, the  data  presented  in  the  table  are  sufficiently 
comparable  to  indicate  in  a  broad  way  the  agricul- 
tural progress  of  the  country  during  the  past  60 
years. 


FARMS,  FARM  LAND,  AND  FARM  PROPERTY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1850  TO  1910. 


Table  16 


1910 


1900 


1890 


1880 


1870 


1860 


IStiO 


Population 

Number  of  farms 

Land  area  of  the  country acres. 

Land  in  farms acres . 

Improved  land  in  farms acres. 

Average  acreage  per  farm 

Average  improved  acreage  per  farm 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  in  farms 

Per  cent  of  land  in  farms  improved 

Per  cent  of  total  land  area  improved 

Value  of  farm  property,  total , 

Land  and  Duildings 

Implements  and  machinery 

Domestic  animals,  poultry,  and  bees 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  farm 

Average  value  of  all  property  per  acre  of  land 

in  farms 

Average  valuoof  land  and  buildings  per  acre 


91,972,266 

6,361,502 

1,903,289,600 

878,798,325 

478,451,750 

138.1 
75.2 
46.2 
54.4 
25.1 

$40,991,449,090 

34,801,125,697 

1,265,149,783 

4,925,173,610 

$6,444 

$46.64 
$39.60 


75,994,575 

5,737,372 

1,903,461,760 

838,591,774 

414,498,487 

146.2 
72.2 
44.1 
49.4 
2L8 

$20,439,901,164 

16,614,647,491 

749,775,970 

3,075,477,703 

$3,563 

$24.37 
$19. 81 


62,947,714 

4,564,641 

1,903,337,600 

623,218,619 

357,616,765 

136.5 
78.3 
32.7 
67.4 
18.8 

$10,082,267,689 

13,279,252,649 

494,247,467 

2,308,767,573 

$3,523 

$25.81 
$21. 31 


50, 155, 783 

4,008,907 

1,903,337,600 

536,081,835 

284,771,042 

133.7 
71.0 
28.2 
53.1 
15.0 

$12,180,501,538 

10,197,096,776 

406,520,055 

1,576,884,707 

$3,038 

$22.7 
$19.0 


38,558,371 

2,659,985 

1,903,337,600 

407,735,041 

188,921,099 

153.3 
71.0 
21.4 
46.3 
9.9 

$8,944,857,749 

7,444,054,462 

270,913,678 

1,229,889,609 

$3,363 

$21.94 
$18.26 


31,443,321 

2,044,077 

1,903,337,600 

407,212,538 

163, 110, 720 

199.2 
79.8 
21.4 
40.1 
8.6 

$7,980,493,063 

6,645,045,007 

246,118,141 

1,089,329,915 

$3,904 

$19.60 
$16. 32 


23,191,876 

1,449,073 

1,884,375,680 

293,560,614 

113,032,614 

202.6 
78.0 
15.6 
38.6 
6.0 

$3,967,343,580 

3,271,575,426 

151,587,638 

544,180,516 

$2,738 

$13. 51 
$11. 14 


Table  16,  on  page  282,  shows  the  increase  since  1850 
in  the  number  of  farms,  in  the  total  farm  acreage, 
in  improved  farm  acreage,  and  in  the  value  of  farm 
property. 

The  greatest  increase  in  the  number  of  farms  and 
also  in  the  improved  farm  acreage  took  place  in  the 
decade  1870  to  1880,  but  the  greatest  increase  in  the 
total  farm  acreage  was  in  the  decade  1890  to  1900,  and 
by  far  the  greatest  increase  in  the  value  of  farm  prop- 
erty was  in  the  last  decade,  1900  to  1910. 


Comparisons  of  the  two  30-year  periods  show  that, 
while  from  1850  to  1880  the  agricultural  industry  more 
than  kept  pace  with  the  population,  it  has  on  the  whole 
failed  to  do  so  since  1880.  The  population  increased 
116.3  per  cent  between  1850  and  1880,  and  improved 
farm  land  increased  151.9  per  cent;  but  from  1880 
to  1910  population  increased  83.4  per  cent  and  im- 
proved farm  land  only  68  per  cent.  It  is  possible 
that  the  figures  for  acreage  of  farms  and  improved 
acreage  in  1880  are,  in  some  measure,  out  of  line  with 


282 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


those  for  both  the  earlier  and  the  later  censuses,  as 
the  definitions  used  at  that  census  were  unusually 
broad,  but  the  degree  of  incomparability,  if  any,  is 
not  sufficient  to  affect  materially  the  general  conclu- 
sions just  stated. 


TaMe  16 


1900-1910... . 
1890-1900.... 
1880-1890.... 
1870-1880..., 
1860-1870..., 
1850-1860..., 

1880-1910: 
Amount 
Per  cent 

1850-1880: 
Amount 
Per  cent 

1850-1910: 
Amount 
Per  cent 


Popula- 
tion. 


15,977,691 
13,046,861 
12,791,931 
11,597,412 
7,115,050 
8,251,445 


41,816,483 
83.4 

26,963,907 
116.3 


68,780,390 
296.6 


Number 
of  farms. 


624,130 
1,172,731 

655,734 
1,348,922 

615,908 

595,004 


2,352,595 
68.7 

2,559,834 
176.6 


4,912,429 
339.0 


Acreage. 


Land  in 
farms. 


40,206,551 
215,373,155 

87, 136, 784 

128,346,794 

522,503 

113,651,924 


342,716,490 
63.9 

242,521,221 
82.6 


585,237,711 
199.4 


Improved 
land  in 
farms. 


63,953,263 
56,881,732 
72,845,713 
95,849,943 
25.810,379 
50,078,106 


193,680,708 
68.0 

171,738,428 
151.9 


365,419,136 
323.3 


Value  of  farm 
property. 


$20,551,547,926 
4,357,633,475 
3,901,766,151 
3,235,643,789 
964,364,686 
4.013,149,483 


28,810,947,552 
236.5 

8,213,157,958 
207.0 


37,024,105,510 
933.2 


The  proportion  of  the  total  area  of  the  country  rep- 
resented by  farm  land  has  steadily  increased  from 
census  to  census.  It  was  15.6  per  cent  in  1850  and 
46.2  per  cent  in  1910.  The  most  marked  increase  in 
this  percentage  took  place  between  1890  and  1900,  and 
was  due  largely  to  bringing  into  farms  great  areas 
of  land  which  had  formerly  been  free  public  range. 
The  proportion  of  farm  land  improved  increased 
steadily  from  38.5  per  cent  in  1850  to  57.4  per  cent  in 
1890,  but  because  of  the  fact  just  stated  it  fell  off  by 
1900,  and  even  in  1910  was  somewhat  lower  than  in 
1890,  being  54.4  per  cent.  The  proportion  of  the 
total  land  area  of  the  country  represented  by  im- 
proved farm  land  has  risen  steadily  from  6  per  cent 
in  1850  to  25.1  per  cent  in  1910. 

The  average  size  of  farms  fell  from  202.6  acres  in 
1850  to  133.7  acres  in  1880,  this  decline  being  due  in 
part  to  the  breaking  up  of  plantations  in  the  South, 
previously  referred  to.  From  1880  to  1900,  on  account 
of  the  inclusion  in  large  ranches  of  land  which  had 
formerly  been  free  public  domain,  the  average  size  of 
farms  increased  somewhat,  reaching  146.2  acres  in 
1900,  since  which  time  it  has  again  decreased  on  ac- 
count of  the  breaking  up  of  ranches  and  the  further 
subdivision  of  plantations  in  the  South.  The  average 
acreage  of  improved  land  per  farm  has  been  compara- 
tively stationary  from  census  to  census;  it  was  78 
acres  in  1850  and  75.2  acres  in  1910. 

The  value  of  farm  property  in  1910  was  considera- 
bly more  than  ten  times  as  great  as  in  1850,  but  more 
than  half  of  the  total  increase  has  taken  place  in 
the  last  decade  alone.  The  increase  in  farm  values  was 
very  rapid  from  1850  to  1860,  and  from  that  time  was 
more  gradual  until  1900. 


The  average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  of  land 
in  farms  in  1910  was  nearly  three  and  one-half  times 
as  great  as  in  1850.  The  increase  was  very  rapid  from 
1850  to  1860,  but  was  comparatively  slight  during  the 
next  three  decades.  The  average  was  actually  lower 
in  1900  than  in  1890,  but  an  extraordinary  increase 
appeared  at  the  census  of  1910. 

Farms  and  farm  property,  by  geographic  divisions. — 
Tables  17  and  18  show  the  changes  with  regard  to  farms 
and  farm  property  in  each  of  the  nine  geographic  divi- 
sions from  1850  to  1910.  In  considering  these  tables, 
due  regard  should  be  given  to  the  conditions  above  re- 
ferred to  as  alFecting  the  comparability  of  the  statistics. 

The  most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  statistics  in 
these  tables  is  the  movement  of  agriculture  toward 
the  West.  New  England  has  actually  less  improved 
land  in  farms  at  present  than  it  had  in  1850.  The 
acreage  of  farm  land  and  of  improved  land  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division  reached  its  maximum  m  1880  and  has 
since  declined.  The  East  North  Central  division 
showed  very  rapid  increases  from  1850  to  1880,  but  only 
a  moderate  increase  since  that  time.  The  acreage  of 
farm  land  in  the  South  Atlantic  division  was  less 
in  1910  than  in  1860,  although  improved  land  had 
increased  appreciably.  On  the  other  hand,  the  four 
divisions  west  of  the  Mississippi  have  shown,  as  might 
be  expected,  extraordinary  increases  from  census  to 
census. 

In  the  average  acreage  of  land  per  farm  remarkable 
changes  have  taken  place  in  the  South  and  in  the  West. 
On  account  chiefly  of  the  division  of  plantations  into 
tenant  holdings,  the  average  farm  in  the  three  southern 
divisions  combined  was  less  than  one-half  as  large  in 
1880  as  it  had  been  in  1850.  The  average  size  of 
farms  in  the  Mountain  division  increased  rapidly  from 
1850  to  1900  on  account  of  the  bringing  of  previously 
public  land  into  large  ranges.  On  the  other  hand,  in 
the  Pacific  states,  or  more  specifically  in  California, 
great  tracts  of  land  were  already  in  1850  included  in 
privately  owned  ranches,  and  these  have  from  time  to 
time  been  broken  up,  reducing  the  average  size. 

The  most  striking  feature  of  the  table  with  regard 
to  farm  values  is  the  decline  in  such  values  in  the 
Southern  states  between  1860  and  1870,  due  to  the  dis- 
astrous effect  of  the  Civil  War.  On  the  other  hand,  in 
the  Northern  states  quite  generally  there  was  a»  decided 
increase  in  the  value  of  farm  property  during  the  decade 
of  the  war.  It  was  not  until  1900  that  the  aggregate 
value  of  farm  property  in  the  East  South  Central  divi- 
sion again  reached  the  figure  reported  in  1860,  and  the 
recovery  in  the  South  Atlantic  division  took  almost  as 
long.  The  marked  decline  in  the  average  value  of  a 
farm  with  its  equipment  m  the  Southern  states  alter 
1860  was  partly  due  to  the  decline  in  the  value  of 
property  per  acre  following  the  war  and  partly  to  the 
breaking  up  of  plantations. 


FARMS  AND  FARM  PROPERTY. 


283 


FARMS,  LAND  IN  FARMS,  AND  POPULATION,  WITH  INCREASES.  AND  AVERAGES  AND  PERCENTAGES  BY 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1850  TO  1910. 
[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  17 


GEOaRAPEIC  DIVISION. 


TTKITED  STATES 

1910 

MOO 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

GEOGRAPHIC 
DIVISIONS 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

1910 

1900 

1800 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

EAST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1860 

WEST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

EAST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL, 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

WEST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1800 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

MOUNTAIN. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

PACIFIC. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

Wo 

1860 

1850 


POPULATION. 


Number. 


91,972,266 
75,994,575 
62,947,714 
50, 155, 783 
38,558,371 
31,443,321 
23,191,876 


6,552,681 
5,592,017 
4,700,749 
4,010,529 
3,487,924 
3,135,283 
2,728,116 


19,315,892 
15,454,678 
12,706,220 
10,496,878 
8,810,806 
7,458,985 
5,898,736 


18,250,621 
15,985,581 
13,478,305 
11,206,668 
9,124,517 
6,926,884 
4,523,260 


11,637,921 
10,347,423 
8,932,112 
6,157,443 
3,856,594 
2,169,832 
880,335 


12,194,895 
10,443,480 
8,857,922 
7,597,197 
5,853,610 
5,364,703 
4,679,090 


8,409,901 
7,547,757 
6,429,154 
5,585,151 
4,404,445 
4,020,991 
3,363,271 


8,784,534 
6,532,290 
4,740,983 
3,334,220 
2,029,965 
1,747,667 
940,251 


2,633,517 

1,674,657 

1,213,935 

653, 119 

315,385 

174,923 

72,927 


4,192,304 

2,416,692 

1,888,334 

1,114,578 

675, 125 

444,053 

105,891 


Per 

cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


21.0 
20.7 
25.5 
30.1 
22.6 
35.6 


17.2 
19.0 
17.2 
15.0 
11.2 
14.9 


25.0 
21.6 
21.0 
19.1 
18.1 
26.4 


14.2 
18.6 
20.3 
22.8 
31.7 
53.1 


12.5 
15.8 
45.1 
59.7 
77.7 
146.5 


16.8 
17.9 
16.6 
29.8 
9.1 
14.7 


11.4 
17.4 
15.1 
26.8 
9.5 
19.6 


34.5 
37.8 
42.2 
64.2 
16.2 
85.9 


57.3 
38.0 
85.9 

107.1 
80.3 

139.9 


73.5 
28.0 
69.4 
65.1 
52.0 
319.4 


NUMBEB  OF  FARMS 


Number. 


6,361,502 
5,737,372 
4,564,641 
4,008,907 
2,659,985 
2,044,077 
1,449,073 


188,802 
191,888 
189,961 
207,232 
180,649 
183,942 
167,651 


468,379 
485,618 
468,608 
488,907 
420,946 
380,993 
322,103 


1,123,489 
1,135,823 
1,009,031 
985,273 
761,735 
586,717 
368,177 


1,109,948 
1,060,744 
914,791 
712,695 
363,343 
185,448 
69, «» 


1,111,881 
962,225 
749,600 
644,429 
374, 102 
301,940 
248,196 


1,042,480 
903,313 
655,766 
569,739 
371,968 
271, 150 
223,436 


943,186 
754,853 
431,006 
316,909 
139,030 
99,223 
43,378 


183,446 
101,327 
49,398 
25,043 
13,774 
8,812 
4,676 


189,891 
141,581 
96,480 
68,680 
34,438 
25,852 
2,036 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


10.9 
25.7 
13.9 
60.7 
30.1 
41.1 


-1.6 
1.0 

-8.3 
14.7 

-1.8 
9.7 


-3.5 
3.6 

-4.2 
16.1 
10.6 
18.3 


-1.1 
12.6 
2.4 
29.3 
29.8 
59.4 


4.6 
16.0 
28.4 
96.1 
95.9 
167.1 


15.6 
28.4 
16.3 
72.3 
23.9 
21.7 


15.4 
37.7 
15.1 
53.2 
37.2 
21.4 


24.9 
75.1 
36.0 

127.9 
40.1 

128.7 


81.0 
105.1 
97.3 
81.8 
56.3 
88.5 


34.1 
46.7 
64.4 
70.4 
33.2 
1,169.7 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS. 


Acres. 


878,798,325 
838,591,774 
623, 218, 619 
536,081,835 
407,735,041 
407,212,538 
293,560,614 


19,714,931 
20,548,999 
19,755,584 
21,483,772 
19,560,863 
20,110,022 
18,367,458 


43,191,056 
44,860,090 
42,987,941 
46,501,868 
43,174,521 
40,970,623 
36,795,377 


117,929,148 
116,340,761 
105,786,825 
105,784,212 
87,440,392 
72,606,843 
60,188,876 


232,648,121 
201,008,713 
150,800,169 
101,197,945 
51,765,877 
35,202,747 
12,497,615 


103,782,255 
104,297,506 
100,157,573 
101,419,563 

90,213,055 
106,520,771 

93,401,610 


81,520,629 
81,247,643 
78,999,359 
76,872,951 
66,323,611 
74,776,655 
58,561,870 


169,149,976 
176,491,202 
77,448,935 
56,627,272 
33,019,636 
44,216,310 
19,083,596 


59,533,420 
46,397,284 
14,765,862 
3,976,377 
1,753,590 
1,560,938 
337,420 


51,328,789 
47,399,576 
32,516,371 
22,217,875 
14,465,496 
11,156,729 
4,326,793 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


4.8 
34.6 
16.3 
31.5 

0.1 
38.7 


-4.1 
4.0 

-8.0 
9.8 

-2.7 
9.5 


-3.7 
4.4 

-7.6 
7.7 
6.4 
11.3 


1.4 
10.0 

(') 
21.0 
20.3 
44.8 


15.7 
33.3 
49.0 
95.5 
47.1 
181.7 


-0.5 

4.1 

-1.2 

12.4 

-15.3 

14.0 


0.3 

2.8 

2.8 

15.9 

-11.3 

27.7 


-4.2 
127.9 
36.8 
71.5 
-25.3 
131.7 


28.3 
214.2 
271.3 
126.8 

12.3 
362.6 


8.3 
45.8 
46.4 
53.6 
29.7 
157.9 


IMPROVED  LAND  IN 
FARMS. 


478,451,750 
414,498,487 
357,616,755 
284,771,042 
188,921,099 
163,110,720 
113,032,614 


7,254,904 
8,134,403 
10,738,930 
13,148,466 
11,997,540 
12,216,771 
11,150,694 


29,320,894 
30,786,211 
31,599,004 
33,237,166 
29,119,645 
26,766,140 
22,805,574 


88,947,228 
86,670,271 
78,774,647 
76,589,373 
54,899,646 
41,186,414 
22,912,190 


164,284,862 
135,643,828 
105,517,479 
61,252,946 
23,509,863 
11,122,285 
3,768,142 


48,479,733 
46,100,226 
41,677,371 
36,170,331 
30,202,991 
34,900,942 
30,009,323 


43,946,846 
40,237,337 
35,729,170 
30,820,882 
24,218,478 
25,891,024 
19,023,415 


58,264,273 
39,770,530 
30,559,654 
18,985,889 
6,870,297 
7,341,202 
3,015,631 


15,915,002 

8,402,576 

5,460,739 

2,213,300 

576,200 

240,625 

182,534 


22,038,008 
18,753,105 
17,559,671 
13,362,689 
7,526,439 
3,446,317 
165,311 


Per 

cent 
of  in- 
crease 


15.4 
15.9 
25.6 
60.7 
15.8 
44.3 


-10.8 
-24.3 
-18.3 

9.6 
-1.8 

9.6 


-4.8 
-2.6 
-4.9 

14.1 
8.8 

17.4 


2.6 
10.0 

4.2 
37.7 
33.3 
79.8 


21.1 
28.6 
72.3 
160.5 
111.4 
195.2 


5.2 
10.6 
15.2 
19.8 
-13.5 
16.3 


9.2 
12.6 
15.9 
27.3 
-6.5 
36.1 


46.5 
30.1 
61.0 
176.3 
-6.4 
143.4 


89.4 
53.9 
146.7 
284.1 
139.5 
31.8 


17.5 

6.8 

31.5 

77.4 
118.4 


PER  CENT  OF  UNITED 
STATES  TOTAL  IN 
EACH  DIVISION. 


Num- 
ber of 
farms. 


2.97 
3.34 
4.16 
5.17 
6.79 
9.00 
11.57 


7.36 
8.46 
10.27 
12.20 
15.83 
18.64 
22.23 


17.66 
19.80 
22.10 
24.58 
28.64 
28.70 
25.41 


17.45 
18.49 
20.04 
17.78 
13.66 
9.07 
4.79 


17.48 
16.77 
16.42 
16.07 
14.06 
14.77 
17.13 


16.39 
15.74 
14.37 
14.21 
13.98 
13.27 
16.42 


14.83 
13.16 
9.44 
7.90 
5.23 
4.85 
2.99 


2.88 
1.77 
1.08 
0.62 
0.52 
0.43 
0.32 


2.98 
2.47 
2.11 
1.46 
1.29 
1.26 
0.14 


All 
farm 
land. 


2.24 
2.45 
3.17 
4.01 
4.80 
4.94 
6.26 


4.91 
5.35 
6.90 
8.67 
10.59 
10.06 
12.53 


13.42 
13.87 
16.97 
19.73 
21.46 
17.86 
17.10 


26.47 
23.97 
24.20 
18.88 
12.70 
8.64 
4.26 


11.81 
12.44 
16.07 
18.92 
22.13 
26.16 
31.82 


9.28 
9.69 
12.68 
14.34 
16.27 
18.36 
19.95 


19.25 
21.05 
12.43 
10.56 

8.10 
10.86 

6.50 


6.77 
5.53 
2.37 
0.74 
0.43 
0.38 
0.11 


5.84 
5.65 
5.22 
4.14 
3.55 
2.74 
1.47 


Im- 
proved 

farm 
land. 


1.52 
1.96 
3.00 
4.62 
6.35 
7.49 
9.86 


6.13 
7.43 
8.84 
11.67 
15.41 
16.41 
20.18 


18.59 
20.91 
22.03 
26.54 
29.06 
25.25 
20.27 


34.34 
32.72 
29.50 
21.51 
12.44 
6.82 
3.33 


10.13 
11.12 
11.65 
12.70 
15.99 
21.40 
26.55 


9.19 
9.71 
9.99 
10.82 
12.82 
15.87 
16.83 


12.18 
9.59 
8.55 
6.67 
3.64 
4.50 
2.67 


3.33 
2.03 
1.53 
0.78 
0.30 
0.15 
0.16 


4.61 
4.52 
4.91 
4.69 
3.98 
2.11 
0.15 


Per 
cent 
land  In 
farms 
forms 
of  total 
land 
area. 


49.7 
51.8 
49.8 
64.2 
49.3 
50.7 
46.3 


67.5 
70.1 
67.2 
72.7 
67.5 
64.0 
57.5 


75.0 
74.1 
67.4 
67.4 
55.7 
46.3 
32.0 


71.2 
61.5 
46.1 
31.0 
15.8 
7.7 
6.8 


60.3 
60.6 
58.2 
58.9 
52.4 
61.9 
54.2 


71.0 
70.7 


57.7 
65.1 
61.0 


61.5 
64.2 
28.2 
20.6 
12.0 
16.1 
6.9 


10.8 
8.4 
2.7 
0.7 
0.3 
0.5 
0.1 


25.2 
23.3 
16.0 
10.9 
7.1 
4.0 
1.5 


Per 
cent 
of 
farm 
land 
im- 
proved 


54.4 
49.4 
67.4 
63.1 
46.3 
40.1 
38.5 


36.8 
39.6 
54.4 
61.2 
61.3 
60.7 
60.7 


67.9 
68.6 
73.5 
71.5 
67.4 
65.3 
62.0 


75.4 
74.5 
74.5 
71.5 
62.8 
66.7 
45.7 


70.6 
67.5 
70.0 
60.5 
45.4 
31.6 
30.2 


46.7 
44.2 
41.6 
35.7 
33.5 
32.8 
32.1 


53.9 
49.5 
45.2 
40.1 
36.5 
34.6 
32.5 


34.4 
22.5 
39.5 
33.5 
20.8 
16.6 
15.8 


26.7 
18.1 
37.0 
55.7 
32.9 
16.4 
54.1 


42.9 
39.6 
64.0 
60.1 
52.0 
30.9 
3.8 


AVERAGE 

ACRES  PER 

FARM. 


All 

farm 
land. 


138.1 
146.2 
136.6 
133.7 
153.3 
199.2 
202.6 


104.4 
107.1 
104.0 
103.7 
108.3 
109.3 
109.6 


92.2 
92.4 
91.7 
95.1 
102.6 
107.5 
114.2 


105.0 
102.4 
104.8 
107.4 
114.8 
123.9 
136.3 


209.6 
189.5 
164.8 
142.0 
142.5 
189.8 
180.0 


93.3 

108.4 
133.6 
157.4 
241.1 
352.8 
376.3 


78.2 
89.9 
120.5 
134.9 
178.3 
275.8 
262.1 


179.3 
233.8 
179.7 
178.7 
237.5 
445.6 
439.9 


324.5 
457.9 
298.9 
168.8 
127.3 
177.1 
72.2 


270.3 
334.8 
337.0 
378.6 
420.0 
431.6 
2,125.1 


>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


284 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


VALUE  OF  FARM  PROPERTY  WITH  INCREASES,  AND  AVERAGE  VALUE  PER  FARM,  AND  PER  ACRE  OF  FARM  LAND, 

BY  GEOGRAPHIC  DIVISIONS:  1850  TO  1910. 
EA  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  18 


GEOGRAPHIC 
DIVISION. 


UOTTED  STATES 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

GEOGRAPHIC 
DrVISIONS 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

MIDDLE 
ATLANTIC. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

EAST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

WEST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

EAST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

WEST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1860 

MOUNTAIN. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 

PACIFIC. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 


ALL  FARM     PROPERTY. 


Value. 


$40,991,449,090 
20,439,901,164 
16, 082, 267, 689 
12, 180, 501, 538 
8, 944, 857, 749 
7,980,493,063 
3,967,343,580 


867,240,457 
639,645,900 
585,267,817 
671,846,058 
566,353,951 
561,467,417 
435,154,525 


2,959,589,022 
2,310,886,728 
2, 384, 703, 476 
2,524,721,419 
2,381,103,898 
1,892,664,457 
1,249,643,065 


10,119,128,066 
5,683,925,367 
4,751,184,987 
4,158,388,413 
3,090,625,976 
2,028,817,467 
805,787,277 


13  535,309,511 
5,820,994,481 
3,766,511,744 
1,949,743,846 
1,018,032,607 
494,589,405 
108,885,147 


2,951,200,773 
1,454,031,316 
1,333,395,489 
1,053,156,575 

740,833,437 
1,207,375,444 

706,208,481 


2, 182, 771, 779 

1,195,868,790 

1,054,730,138 

846,707,577 

705,564,773 

1,169,024,049 

494,085,395 


3,838,154,337 
1,619,954,613 
835,791,560 
443,589,488 
201,412,394 
503,093,122 
151, 172, 760 


1,757,573,368 

601,264,180 

349,550,941 

122,598,535 

19,571,627 

10,984,059 

4,169,566 


2,780,481,777 

1,113,329,789 

1,021,131,537 

409,749,627 

221,359,086 

112,477,643 

12,237,364 


rer 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


100.5 
27.1 
32.0 
36.2 
12.1 

101.2 


35.6 

9.3 

-12.9 

18.6 
0.9 

29.0 


28.1 
-3.1 
-5.5 
6.0 
25.8 
51.6 


78.0 
19.6 
14.3 
34.5 
52.3 
151.8 


132.5 
54.5 
93.2 
91.5 
105.8 
354.2 


103.0 
9.0 
26.6 
42.2 
-38.6 
71.0 


82.5 
13.4 
24.6 
20.0 
-39.6 
136.6 


136.9 

93, 

88.4 
120.2 
-60.0 
232.8 


192.3 
72.0 

185.1 

526.4 
78.2 

163.4 


149.7 
9.0 

149.2 
85.1 
96.8 

819.2 


Average 
value. 


Per 
farm. 


$6,444 
3,563 
3,523 
3,038 
3,363 
3,904 
2,738 


4, 

3,333 

3,081 

3,242 

3,135 

3,052 

2,596 


6,319 
4,759 
5,"'" 
5,164 
5,657 
4,968 
3,880 


9,007 
5,004 
4,709 
4,221 
4,057 
3,458 
2,189 


12, 195 
5,488 
4,117 
2,736 
2,802 
2,667 
1,568 


2,654 

1,511 

1,779 

1,634 

1, 

3,999 

2,845 


2,094 
1,324 
1,608 
1,486 
1,897 
4,311 
2,211 


4,069 
2,146 
1,939 
1,400 
1,449 
5,070 
3,485 


9,581 
6,934 
7,076 
4," 
1,421 
1,246 
892 


14,643 
7,864 

10,584 
6,983 
6,428 
4,351 
6,010 


Per 
acre. 


$46.61 
24.37 
25.81 
22.72 
21.94 
19.60 
13.51 


43.99 
31.13 
29.63 
31.27 
28.94 
27.92 
23.69 


68.62 
61.51 
55.47 
64.29 
55.15 
46.20 
33.96 


85.81 
48.86 
44.91 
39.31 
35.34 
27.91 
16.06 


58.18 
28.96 
24.98 
19.27 
19.67 
14.05 
8.71 


28.44 
13.94 
13.31 
10.38 

8.21 
11.33 

7.56 


26.78 
14.72 
13.35 
11.01 
10.64 
16.63 
8.44 


22.69 
9.18 

10.79 
7.83 
6.10 

11.38 
7.92 


29.52 
12.96 
23.67 
30.83 
11.16 
7.04 
12.36 


54.17 
23.49 
31.40 
18.44 
15.30 
10.08 
2.83 


LAND  AND  BUILDINGS. 


Value. 


$34,801,125,697 
16,614,647,491 
13,279,252,649 
10, 197, 096, 776 
7, 444, 054, 462 
6, 645, 045, 007 
3,271,575,426 


718,544,808 
528,267,748 
489,570,178 
580,681,418 
468, 133, 979 
476,303,837 
372,348,643 


2,442,949,103 
1,948,997,940 
2,049,630,359 
2, 222, 761, 984 
2,059,090,179 
1,645,644,638 
1,082,660,262 


8,873,991,694 
4,912,597,440 
4,101,406,702 
3, 629, 140, 732 
2,646,744,323 
1,735,742,858 
671,678,076 


11,614,665,870 

4,651,282,998 

2, 968, 360, 452 

1,500.300,355 

804,857,937 

394,270,606 

80,045,058 


2,486,436,474 

1,206,349,618 

1,135,319,670 

891,774,157 

610,428,194 

1,008,613,065 

676,590,683 


1,738,397,839 
933,780,823 
827, 514, 447 
677,848,031 
543,560,620 
929,440,929 
371,934,332 


3,128,596,882 
1,138,891,068 
612,508,151 
303,707,658 
134,716,055 
384,540,755 
107,629,651 


1,319,396.873 

338,619,672 

198,545,200 

68,078,360 

8,961,817 

4,343,081 

1, 965, 721 


2,478,146,264 
955,860,184 
896,397,490 
332,804,081 
167,571,358 
66,145,239 
6,723,211 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease 


109.5 
25.1 
30.2 
37.0 
12.0 

103.1 


36.0 
7.9 
-16.7 
24.0 
-1.7 
27.9 


25.3 

-4. 

-7.8 

7.9 

25.1 

52.0 


80.6 
19.8 
13.0 
37.1 
52.6 
158.4 


149.7 
56.7 
97.8 
86.4 
104.1 
392.6 


106.1 
6.3 
27.3 
46.1 
-39.5 
74.9 


86.2 
12.8 
22.1 
24.7 
-41.5 
149.9 


174.7 
85.9 
101.7 
125.4 
-66.0 
257.3 


289.6 
70.6 
241.8 
648.1 
106.3 
120.9 


159.2 
6.6 
169.3 
98.6 
153.3 
883.8 


Average 
value. 


Per 
farm. 


$5, 471 
2,896 
2,909 
2,544 
2,799 
3,251 
2,258 


3,806 
2,753 
2,577 
2,802 
2,591 
2,689 
2,221 


5,216 

4,013 

4,374 

4,646 

4, 

4,319 

3,361 


7, 

4,325 

4,065 

3,683 

3,475 

2,968 

r  824 


10,464 
4,385 
3,245 
2,105 
2,215 
2,126 
1,153 


2,236 
1,254 
1,515 
1,384 
1,632 
3,340 
2,323 


1, 

1,034 

1,262 

1,190 

1,461 

3,428 

1,665 


3,317 
1,509 
1,421 
958 
969 
3,876 
2,481 


7,192 

3,342 

4,019 

2,319 

651 

493 

420 


13,050 
6,751 
9,291 
5,672 
4,866 
2,569 
3,302 


Per 
acre. 


$39.  60 
19.81 
21.31 
19.02 
18.26 
16.32 
11.14 


36.46 
25.71 
24.78 
27.03 
23.92 
23.68 
20.27 


66.56 
43.45 
47.68 
47.80 
47.69 
40.17 
29.42 


75.25 
42.23 
38.77 
34.31 
30.27 
23.88 
13.38 


49.92 
23.14 
19.68 
14.83 
16.56 
11.20 
6.40 


23.96 
11.57 
11.34 
8.79 
6.77 
9.47 
6.17 


21.32 
11.49 
10.47 
8.82 
8.20 
12.43 
6.35 


18.60 
6.45 
7.91 
5.36 
4.08 
8.70 
5.64 


22.16 
7.30 
13.45 
14.61 
5.11 
2.78 
5.83 


48.28 
20.17 
27.57 
14.98 
11.58 
5.93 
1.55 


IMPLEMENTS  AND  MACmNERY. 


Value. 


$1,265,149,783 
749,775,970 
494, 247, 467 
406, 520, 055 
270,913,678 
246, 118, 141 
151, 587, 638 


50,798,826 
36,561,820 
23,783,288 
22,090,563 
18,042,446 
16,468,564 
12,937,290 


167,480,384 
116,253,270 
93,084,964 
84,986,863 
71,635,120 
57,356,104 
41,232,970 


268,806,560 
166,694,220 
126,454,149 
119,804,675 
84,717,847 
56,810,880 
30,393,529 


368,935,544 

197,367,840 

125,771,166 

86,428,597 

38,858,215 

16,005,666 

5,170,375 


98, 230, 147 
53,318,890 
36,444,018 
30,812,107 
20, 025, 259 
34,046,771 
24,656,646 


75,339,333 
48,767,236 
31,323,896 
27,464,111 
19,612,753 
32,200,066 
21,417,837 


119,720,377 
77,925,050 
27,019,876 
19,124,513 
10,234,828 
29,083,003 
15,329,938 


49,429,976 

18,807,620 

7,969,430 

3,440,196 

896,262 

446,887 

162, 248 


66,408,647 
34,090,026 
22,396,680 
12,362,430 
6,890,958 
3,701,221 
286,906 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease 


68.7 
51.7 
21.6 
50.1 
10.1 
62.4 


39.0 
53.7 

7.6 
22.5 

9.6 
27.3 


44.1 
24.9 
9.5 
18.6 
24.9 
39.1 


61.3 
31.8 
5.6 
4L4 
49.1 
86.9 


86.9 
56.9 
45.5 
122.4 
142.8 
209.6 


84.2 
46.3 
18.3 
53.9 
-41.2 
38.1 


54.5 

55.7 
14.1 
40.0 
-39.1 
50.3 


53.6 
188.4 
41.3 
86. 
-64.8 
89.7 


162.8 
136.0 
131.7 
283.8 
100.6 
175.4 


94.8 
52.2 
81.2 
79.4 
86.2 
1, 190. 1 


Average 
value. 


Per 
farm 


$199 
131 
108 
101 
102 
120 
105 


269 
190 
125 
107 
100 
90 
77 


358 
239 
199 
174 
170 
151 
128 


239 
147 
125 
122 
111 
97 
83 


332 
186 
137 
121 
107 
86 
74 


127 
103 
63 
60 
74 
293 
353 


269 
186 
161 
137 
65 
51 
35 


350 
241 
232 
211 
200 
143 
141 


Per 
acre. 


$1.44 
0.89 
0.79 
0.76 
0.66 
0.60 
0.52 


2.68 
1.78 
1.20 
1.03 
0.92 
0.82 
0.70 


3.88 
2.59 
2.17 
1.83 
1.66 
1.40 
L12 


2.28 
1.43 
1.20 
1.13 
0.97 
0.78 
0.61 


1.59 
0.98 
0.83 
0.85 
0.75 
0.45 
0.41 


0.95 
0.61 
0.36 
0.30 
0.22 
0.32 
0.26 


0.92 
0.60 
0.40 
0.36 
0.30 
0.43 
0.37 


0.71 
0.44 
0.35 
0.34 
0.31 
0.66 
0.80 


0.83 
0.41 
0.54 
0.87 
0.61 
0.29 
0.48 


1.29 
0.72 
0.69 
0.56 
0.48 
0.33 
0.07 


UVE  STOCK. 


Value. 


$4, 925, 173, 610 
3,075,477,703 
2,308,767,573 
1,576,884,707 
1,229,889,609 
1,089,329,915 
544,180,516 


97,896,823 
74,826,332 
71,914,351 
69,068,077 
80, 177, 526 
68,695,016 
49,868,692 


349, 159, 535 
245,635,618 
241, 988, 153 
216,972,572 
250,378,699 
189, 663, 715 
126,749,843 


976,329,922 
604,633,707 
523,324,136 
409,443,006 
359,163,806 
236,263,729 
103,715,673 


1,661,708,097 
972,343,643 
672,380,126 
363,014,894 
174,316,465 
84,313,144 
23,669,714 


366,534,162 
194,362,808 
161,631,801 
130,570,311 
110,379,984 
164,716,608 
104,961,363 


369,034,607 
213,320,732 
195,891,795 
141,395,436 
142,401,400 
207,383,065 
100,733,226 


689,837,078 
403,138,495 
196,263,533 
120,757,317 
56,461,511 
89,469,364 
28, 213, 171 


388,746,620 
243,836,888 
143,036,311 
61,079,979 
9,713,558 
6,194,091 
2,041,597 


235,926,876 
123,379,580 
102,337,367 
64,583,116 
46,896,770 
42,631,183 
6,227,247 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease 


60.1 
33.2 
46.4 
28.2 
12.9 
100.2 


30.8 

4.0 

4 

-13.9 

16.7 

37.8 


42.1 
16.1 
11.5 
-13.3 
32.0 
60.8 


6L5 
16.5 
27.8 
14.0 
52.0 
127.8 


59.6 
44.6 
85.2 
108.2 
106.7 
256.2 


88.6 
20.3 
23.8 
18.3 
-33.0 
56.9 


73.0 
8.9 
38.5 
-0.7 
-31.3 
105.9 


46.3 
105.4 

62.5 
113.9 
-36.9 
217.1 


59.4 
70.5 
134.2 
628.8 
56.8 
203.4 


91.2 
20.6 
58.5 
37.7 
10.0 
715.6 


Chaptee  10. 

TENURE,  MORTGAGE  INDEBTEDNESS,  COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS,  AND 

SIZE  OF  FARMS. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  shows  in  condensed  form 
the  main  results  of  the  Thirteenth  Census  of  the  United 
States,  taken  as  of  April  15, 1910,  with  reference  to  the 
tenure  of  farms,  the  mortgage  indebtedness  on  farms, 
the  color  and  nativity  of  farm  operators,  and  the  size 
of  farms,  presenting  statistics  by  geographic  divisions 
and  states.  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  and  other 
outlying  possessions  are  not  included. 

Definitions. — One  of  the  most  important  branches 
of  agricultural  statistics  is  that  which  relates  to  the 
distribution  of  farms  and  farm  property  according 
to  the  tenure  under  which  the  farm  operator  holds 
the  land.  The  three  mam  classes  of  farm  operators, 
on  the  basis  of  tenure,  are  (1)  owners,  (2)  hired 
managers,  and  (3)  tenants.  In  some  of  the  tables  a 
distinction  is  made  between  owners  who  operate  their 
own  land  exclusively  and  those  who  rent  additional 
land,  while  the  class  of   tenants  is  subdivided  into 


share  tenants,  share-cash  tenants,  and  cash  tenants. 
The  following  are  the  definitions  of  the  several  classes 
of  farm  operators,  substantially  as  furnished  to  the 
census  enumerators : 

Farm  owners  include  (1)  fanners  operating  their  own  land  only, 
and  (2)  those  operating  both  their  own  land  and  some  land  hired 
from  others. 

Managers  are  fanners  who  are  conducting  farm  operations  for 
the  owner  for  wages  or  a  salary. 

Farm  tenants  are  farmers  who,  as  tenants,  renters,  or  croppers, 
operate  hired  land  only.  They  were  reported  in  1910  in  three 
classes:  (1)  Share  tenants — those  who  pay  a  certain  share  of  the 
products,  as  one-half,  one-third,  or  one-quarter;  (2)  share-cash 
tenants — those  who  pay  a  share  of  the  products  for  part  of  the  land 
rented  by  them  and  cash  for  part,  as  cash  for  pasture  or  garden 
and  a  share  of  all  the  crops  grown  on  plowed  land;  and  (3)  cash 
tenants — those  who  pay  a  cash  rental  or  a  stated  amount  of  labor 
or  products,  such  as  |7,  10  bushels  of  wheat,  or  100  pounds  of  seed 
cotton  per  acre.  All  tenants  who  did  noA  specify  whether  they 
rented  for  cash  or  for  a  share  of  the  products,  or  both,  are  tabu- 
lated as  having  "tenure  not  specified." 


TEXrCTRE   OF  FARMS. 


Tennre  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole:  1910  and 
1900. — Table  1  shows,  for  the  United  States  as  a 
whole,  the  number  of   farms   in  1910  classified  by 


tenure,  with  corresponding  data  for  1900  as  far  as 
available.  It  shows  also  the  acreage  of  the  farms  in 
the  three  main  groups. 


Table  1 

mrUBEB  OF  FARMS. 

ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS  (ACRES). 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

a.AfW  OF  OPERATOR. 

1910 

1900 

Increase.' 

1910 

1900 

Increase.! 

Number  of 
farms. 

Acreage. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Acres. 

Per 

cent. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

All  farms 

6,361,602 

6,737,372 

624,130 

10.9 

878,798,326 

838,691,774 

40,206,551 

4.8 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

3,948,722 

3,354,897 

593,825 

68,104 

2,354,676 

1,399,923 

128,466 

712,294 

113,993 

3,653,323 

3,201,947 

451,376 

59,085 

2,024,964 
}    1,273,299 

1        751,665 

295,399 
152,950 
142,449 

-981 

329,712 
255,090 

74,622 

8.1 

4.8 

31.6 

-1.7 

16.3 
20.0 

9.9 

598,554,617 

556,040,051 

42,514,566 

7.6 

62.1 
52.7 
9.3 

0.9 

37.0 
/    22.0 
1      2.0 
/    11.2 
\      1.8 

63.7 
55.8 
7.9 

1.0 

35.3 
1    22.2 

}    13.1 

68.1 

66.3 

Ben  ting  additional  land 

53,730,865 
226,512,843 

87,518,186 
195,033,537 

-33,787,321 
31,479,306 

-38.6 
16.1 

6.1 
25.8 

10.4 

23.3 

Share 

Share-cash 

Cash 

Not  reported 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  in  1910  substan- 
tially five-eighths  (62.1  per  cent)  of  the  farms  were 
operated  by  owners  and  three-eighths  (37  per  cent) 
by  tenants,  the  proportion  operated  by  hired  man- 
agers being  less  than  1  per  cent.  Owners  "owning 
entire  farm"  are  more  than  five  times  as  numerous 
as  owners  "renting  additional  land."  In  most  cases 
of  share-cash  tenancy  the  share  feature  is  the  more 
important,  the  principal  crops  being  raised  on  shares, 


while  only  a  small  amount  of  land,  usually  for  a  home 
garden  or  for  pasture,  is  rented  on  the  basis  of  cash 
payment.  Share-cash  tenants  were  included  with 
share  tenants  in  1900,  while  tenants  for  whom  the  form 
of  payment  was  not  specified  were  included  with 
cash  tenants.  The  share  and  share-cash  tenants,  as 
reported,  together  constituted  substantially  two-thirds 
of  the  entire  number  of  tenants  both  in  1910  and  in 
1900. 

(285) 


286 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Between  1900  and  1910  the  farms  operated  by 
owners  increased  8.1  per  cent  in  number,  while  those 
operated  by  tenants  increased  16.3  per  cent,  the 
small  number  operated  by  managers  decreasing  1.7 
per  cent.  It  may  be  noted  that  at  least  since  1880 
(and  probably  further  back  also)  the  farms  operated 
by  tenants  have  in  each  decade  increased  faster 
than  those  operated  by  owners.  Tenant  farms  consti- 
tuted 25.6  per  cent  of  all  farms  in  1880;  28.4  per 
cent  in  1890;  35.3  per  cent  in  1900;  and  37  per  cent 
in  1910. 

The  distribution  of  acreage  of  farms  according  to 
tenure  differs  somewhat  from  the  distribution  of  the 


number  of  farms.  Farms  operated  by  owners  con- 
tained 68.1  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  in  1910; 
tenant  farms,  25.8  per  cent;  and  farms  operated  by 
managers,  6.1  per  cent.  The  acreage  of  farms  oper- 
ated by  owners  increased  7.6  per  cent  during  the 
decade  1900  to  1910,  while  that  of  tenant  farms  in- 
creased 16.1  per  cent.  There  was  a  marked  decrease 
in  the  total  acreage  of  farms  operated  by  managers. 

Main  tenure  classes,  by  geographic  divisions:  1910 
and  1900. — Table  2  shows  the  number,  total  and  im- 
proved acreage,  and  value  of  land  and  buildings  of 
the  farms  of  the  three  main  tenure  groups  in  each 
geographic  division  for  1910  and  1900. 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY 
TENURE  OF  OPERATOR,  WITH  PERCENTAGES,  BY  DIVISIONS.-  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  2 


DIVISION  AND  CLASS 
OF  OPERATOE. 


UNITED  STATES 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MIDDLE 
ATLANTIC. 

Total , 

Owners , 

Managers 

Tenants 

EAST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

EAST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MOUNTAIN. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

PACIFIC. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF  FARMS. 


1910 


,361,502 

,948,722 

58,104 

,354,676 


188,802 

168,408 

5,379 

15,015 


468,379 

355,036 

9  072 

104,271 


1,123,489 

809,044 

10,848 

303,597 


1,109,948 

758,946 

8,384 

342,618 


1,111,881 

593,154 

8,298 

510,429 


1,042,480 

510,452 

3,290 

528,738 


943,186 

440,905 

4,6% 

497,585 


183,446 

160,844 

2,912 

19,690 


189,891 

161,933 

5,225 

32,733 


1900 


6,737,372 

3,653,323 

59, 085 

2,024,964 


191,888 

169,194 

4,736 

17,958 


48.5,618 

354,411 

8,383 

122,824 


1,135,823 

826,313 

11,224 

298,286 


1,060,744 

737,910 

8,394 

314,440 


962,225 

527,512 

9,115 

425,598 


903,313 

463,686 

4,696 

434,931 


754,853 

379,284 

4,954 

370,615 


101,327 
85,501 
3,417 
12,409 


141,681 

109,512 

4,166 

27,903 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


878,798,325 

598,554,617 

53,730,865 

226, 512, 843 


19,714,931 

17,089,125 

1,087,463 

1,538,343 


43,191,056 

30,283,268 

1,714,084 

11,193,704 


117,929,148 

80,234,320 

2,364,205 

35,340,623 


232,648,121 

164,789,865 

5,005,299 

62,852,957 


103,782,255 

69,129,783 

3,364,390 

31,288,082 


81,520,629 

57,131,972 

1,603,467 

22,785,190 


169,149,976 

104,353,474 

19,698,171 

45,098,331 


59,533,420 

42,265,930 

11,003,725 

6,263,765 


61,328,789 

33,276,880 

7,900,061 

10,161,848 


1900 


838,591,774 

556, 040, 051 

87, 518, 186 

195,033,537 


20,548,999 

17,8.31,187 

794,696 

1,923,117 


44,860,090 

30,622,456 

1,601,774 

12,835,860 


116,340,761 

82,363,334 

2,271,111 

31,706,316 


201,008,713 

147,063,919 

6,591,608 

47,363,286 


104,297,506 
68,925,876 
3,461,604 
31,910,026 


81,247,643 

67,381,476 

1,623,460 

22,242,717 


176,491,202 
96,807,816 
46,220,890 
33,462,496 


46,397,284 
25,543,926 
16,516,149 
4,338,209 


47,399,576 
29,600,061 
8,638,005 
9,261,610 


IMPROVED  LAND  IN 
FARMS  (ACRES). 


1910 


478,451,750 

309,850,421 

12,314,015 

156,287,314 


7,264,904 

6,259,844 

376,404 

618,656 


29,320,894 

20,288,060 

910,418 

8,122,416 


88,947,228 

58,470,026 

1,493,321 

28,983,881 


164,284,862 

111,279,585 

2,726,669 

50,278,608 


48,479,733 

28,844,267 

1,229,084 

18,406,382 


43,946,846 

27,383,922 

578,791 

15,984,133 


58,264,273 

30,885,471 

1,426,467 

25,952,335 


15,915,002 

12,152,688 

1,471,963 

2,290,451 


22,038,008 
14,286,658 
2,100,898 
5,650,462 


1900 


414, 498, 487 

278, 231, 252 

10,909,500 

125,357,735 


8,134,403 

6,993,008 

306,164 

835,241 


30,786,211 

20,652,713 

804,706 

9,328,792 


86,670,271 

59,690,428 

1,444,504 

25,635,339 


135,643,828 

96,603,533 

2,420,464 

36,619,831 


46,100,226 
27,800,075 
1,287,637 
17,012,614 


40,237,337 

26,374,099 

640,263 

14,222,975 


39,770,530 

22,792,774 

1,251,426 

16,726,330 


8,402,576 

6,324,997 

946,550 

1,131,029 


18,753,105 
12,099,625 
1,807,796 
4,845,684 


VALUE  OF  LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


$34, 801, 125, 697 

22.366,934,278 

1,456,958.992 

10,977,232,427 


718,544, 

579,951,343 
81,663,226 
56,930,239 


2,442,949,103 

1,594,225,109 

178,283,760 

670,440,244 


8,873,991,594 

5,458,959,267 

198,347,752 

3,216,684,685 


11,614,665,870 

7,615,880,376 

199,611,857 

3,799,173,637 


2,486,436,474 

1,593,294,281 

125,639,290 

767,602,903 


1,738,397,839 

1,136,752,626 

47,597,661 

656,047,652 


3,128,596,882 

1,767,880,518 

205,183,146 

1,155,533,219 


1,319,396,873 
972,132,526 
133,047,729 
214,216,618 


2,478,146,254 

1,648,858,342 

287,684,582 

541,603,330 


1900 


$16,614,647,491 

11,091,392,665 

774, 828, 656 

4,748,426,170 


528,267,748 
433,769,770 
42,482,668 
52,015,310 


1,948,997,940 

1,246,587,320 

102,029,260 

600,381,360 


4,912,597,440 

3,257,174,800 

111,240,560 

1,544,182,080 


4,651,282,998 

3,258,392,678 

102,200,190 

1,290,690,230 


1,206,349,618 

778,139,258 

63,534,320 

364,676,040 


933,780,823 

616,577,383 

27,529,790 

289,673,660 


1,138,891,068 
659,724,645 
135,054,060 
344,112,363 


338,619,672 
237,084,6.35 
64,904,110 
46,630,927 


955,860,184 
603,942,276 
135,853,698 
216,  OW,  210 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


NumlDer 
of  farms. 


1910  1900 


62.1 

0.9 

37.0 


100.0 
!9.2 
2.8 
8.0 


100.0 
76.8 
1.9 
22.3 


100.0 

72.0 

1.0 

27.0 


100.0 
68.4 
0.8 
30.9 


100.0 
53.4 
0.7 
46.9 


100.0 
49.0 
0.3 
50.7 


100.0 
46. 
0.5 
62.8 


100.0 

87.7 

1.6 

10.7 


100.0 

80.0 

2.8 

17.2 


100.0 

63.7 

1.0 

35.3 


100.0 
88.2 
2.5 
9.4 


100.0 
73.0 
1.7 
25.3 


100.0 
72.8 
1.0 
26.3 


100.0 
69.6 
0.8 
29.6 


100.0 
54.8 
0.9 
44.2 


100.0 
61.3 
0.5 
48.1 


100.0 
50.2 
0.7 
49.1 


100.0 
84.4 
3.4 
12.2 


100.0 
77.3 
2.9 
19.7 


All  land 
in  farms. 


1910  1900 


100.0 
68.1 
6.1 
25.8 


100.0 
86.7 
5.5 
7.8 


100.0 
70.1 
4.0 
25.9 


100.0 

68.0 

2.0 

30.0 


100.0 
70.8 
2.2 
27.0 


100.0 
66.6 
3.2 
30.1 


100.0 

70.1 

2.0 

28.0 


100.0 
61.7 
11.6 
26.7 


100.0 
71.0 
18.5 
10.5 


100.0 
64.8 
16.4 
19.8 


100.0 
66.3 
10.4 
23 


100.0 
80 
3.9 
9.4 


100.0 
68.0 
3.3 
28.0 


100.0 
70.8 
2.0 
27.3 


100.0 
73.2 
3.3 
23.6 


100.0 
66.1 
3.3 
30.6 


100.0 
70.6 
2.0 
27.4 


100.0 
54.9 
26.2 
19.0 


100.0 
66.1 
35.6 
9.4 


100.0 
62.4 
18.0 
19.5 


Improved 
land  in 
farms. 


1910  1900 


100.0 
64.8 
2.6 
32.7 


100.0 
67.1 
2.6 
30.2 


100.0 
86.3 
5.2 
8.5 


100.0 
69.2 
3.1 

27.7 


100.0 

66.7 

1.7 

32.6 


100.0 
67.7 
1.7 
30.6 


100.0 
69.5 
2.5 
38.0 


100.0 

62.3 

1.3 

36.4 


100.0 

53.0 

2.4 

44.6 


100.0 
76.4 
9.2 
14.4 


100.0 
64.8 
9.6 
25.6 


100.0 
86.0 
3.8 
10.3 


100.0 

67.1 

2.6 

30.3 


100.0 


1.7 
29.6 


100.0 

71.2 

1.8 

27.0 


100.0 

60.3 

2.8 

36.9 


100.0 

63.1 

1.6 

35.3 


100.0 
57.3 
3.1 
39.5 


100.0 
76.3 
11.3 
13.6 


100.0 
64.5 
9.6 
25.8 


Value  of 
land  and 
buildings. 


1910  1900 


100.0 
64.3 
4.2 
31.5 


100.0 


11.4 
7.9 


100.0 

65.3 

7.3 

27.4 


100.0 

61.5 

2.2 

36.2 


100.0 

66.6 

1.7 

32.7 


100.0 
64.1 
5.0 
30.9 


100.0 

65.3 

2.7 

31.9 


100.0 

56.5 

6.6 

36.9 


100.0 
73.7 
10.1 
16.2 


100.0 
66.5 
11.6 
21.9 


100.0 
66.8 
4.7 
28.6 


100.0 
82.1 
8.0 
9.8 


100.0 
64.0 
5.2 
30.8 


100. 0 

66.3 

2.3 

31.4 


100.0 
70.1 
2.2 
27.7 


100.0 

64.5 

5.3 

30.2 


100.0 

66.0 

2.9 

31.0 


100.0 
67.9 
11.9 
30.2 


100.0 
70.0 
16.2 
13.8 


100.0 
63.2 
14.2 
22.6 


TENURE  OF  FARMS. 


287 


As  respects  the  proportion  which  tenant  farms  form 
of  the  total  number  of  farms,  the  divisions  fall  into 
three  groups.  The  three  southern  divisions  (South 
Atlantic,  East  South  Central,  and  West  South  Cen- 
tral) have  a  high  proportion  of  tenant  farms,  the 
proportion  in  1910  exceeding  50  per  cent  in  the  last 
two  divisions  named.  In  three  of  the  northern  divi- 
sions (the  West  North  Central,  East  North  Central, 
and  Middle  Atlantic)  the  number  of  tenant  farms  is 
also  comparatively  large,  the  proportion  varying  in 
1910  from  30.9  per  cent  in  the  West  North  Central 
division  to  22.3  per  cent  in  the  Middle  Atlantic. 
In  the  two  western  divisions  (the  Pacific  and  Moun- 
tain) and  in  the  New  England  division  the  proportion 
was  much  lower,  ranging  from  17.2  per  cent  in  the 
Pacific  division  to  8  per  cent  in  the  New  England. 

In  the  southern  divisions  the  average  size  of  tenant 
farms  is  much  smaller  than  that  of  farms  operated  by 
owners,  so  that  the  proportion  which  the  total  acreage 
of  tenant  farms  forms  of  tlie  total  acreage  of  all  farms 
in.  these  divisions  is  not  materially  different  from  the 
proportion  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  East  North  Central, 
and  West  North  Central  divisions. 

The  number  of  farms  operated  by  managers  is  small 
in  all  of  the  divisions,  the  liighest  proportion  being  in 
the  Now  England  and  Pacific  divisions,  2.8  per  cent 
in  each  case.  In  the  Mountain,  Pacific,  and  West  South 
Central   divisions,    however,    the    acreage    of    farms 


operated  by  managers  is  of  considerable  importance, 
constituting  18.5  per  cent,  15.4  per  cent,  and  11.6  per 
cent,  respectively,  of  the  total  acreage  in  farms. 

In  the  East  North  Central  and  West  North  Central 
divisions,  which  constitute  the  most  important  farm- 
ing divisions  of  the  country,  and  also  in  the  three 
divisions  constituting  the  South,  the  tenant  farms 
formed  a  larger  proportion,  and  farms  operated  by 
owners  a  smaller  proportion,  of  the  total  number  of 
farms  in  1910  than  in  1900,  but  the  opposite  is  true  of 
the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  in  the 
extreme  East,  and  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions 
in  the  West.  The  proportion  wliich  the  acreage  of 
tenant  farms  represents  of  the  total  farm  acreage 
increased  in  all  divisions  except  the  New  England, 
Middle  Atlantic,  and  South  Atlantic,  which  show  a 
decrease  in  this  respect,  accompanied,  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  and  South  Atlantic  divisions,  by  an  increase 
in  the  proportion  of  tlie  acreage  in  farms  operated  by 
owners.  Tliis  latter  class  of  farms  also  shows  an 
increase  in  its  proportion  of  the  total  acreage  in  the 
Mountain,  Pacific,  and  West  South  Central  divisions, 
the  farms  operated  by  managers  constituting  the  only 
class  in  these  divisions  which  decreased  in  relative 
importance  as  measured  by  acreage. 

Table  3  shows,  by  divisions,  the  percentage  of  in- 
crease or  decrease  in  the  number  and  acreage  of  farms 
of  the  three  main  tenure  groups  from  1900  to  1910. 


Table  3 

PER  CENT 

or  mcBEASE:'  1900  to  1910 

DIVISION. 

Number  of  farms. 

All  land  In  farms. 

Improved  land  In  farms. 

Value  of  land  and  buildings. 

Totol. 

Own- 
ers. 

Mana- 
gers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Mana- 
gers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Mana- 
gers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Mana- 
gers. 

Ten- 
ants, 

United  States 

10. » 
-1.6 
-3.5 
-1.1 
4.0 
15.6 
15.4 
24.9 
81.0 
34.1 

8.1 

-0.5 
0.2 
-2.1 
2.9 
12.4 
10.1 
16.2 
88.1 
38.7 

-1.7 

13.6 

8.2 

-3.3 

-0.1 

-9.0 

-29.9 

-5.2 

-14.8 

25.4 

16.3 

-16.4 
-15.1 
1.8 
9.0 
19.9 
21.6 
34.3 
68.7 
17.3 

4.8 
-4.1 
-3.7 

1.4 
15.7 
-0.5 

0.3 
-4.2 
28.3 

8.3 

7.6 
-4.2 
-0.8 
-2.6 
12.1 
0.3 
-0.4 
7.8 
65.5 
12.4 

-38.6 

36.8 
14.1 
3.7 
-24.1 
-2.8 
-1.2 
-57.4 
-33.4 
-7.5 

16.1 

-20.0 

-12.8 

11.5 

32.7 

-1.9 

2.4 

34.8 

44.4 

9.6 

15.4 

-10.8 
-4.8 
2.6 
21.1 
5.2 
9.2 
46.5 
89.4 
17.5 

11.4 

10.5 
-1.8 
-1.9 
15.2 
3.8 
7.9 
35.5 
92.1 
18.1 

12.9 

22.9 
13.1 
3.4 
12.7 
-4.5 
-9.6 
14.0 
55.5 
16.2 

24.7 

-25.9 
-12.9 
13.1 
37.3 
8.2 
12.4 
65.0 
102.5 
16.6 

109.5 
36.0 
25.3 
80.6 
149.7 
106.1 
86.2 
174.7 
289.6 
159.2 

101.7 

33.7 

27.9 

67.6 

133.7 

104.8 

84.2 

168.0 

310.0 

173.0 

88.0 
92.2 
74.7 
78.3 
95.3 
97.6 
72.9 
51.9 
142.3 
111.8 

131.2 

New  p;  ngland 

9.4 

Middle  Atlantic ^ 

East  North  Central 

11.7 
108.3 

West  North  Central 

194.4 

South  Atlantic  

110.5 

East  South  Central 

91.6 

West  South  Central 

235.8 

Mountain 

359.4 

Pacific 

150.7 

•  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Table  4  shows,  by  divisions,  certain  averages  and 
percentages  which  reflect  differences  in  the  character- 
istics of  farms  operated  by  owners,  managers,  and 
tenants,  respectively. 

In  the  country  as  a  whole  the  average  size  in  1910 
of  farms  operated  by  owners  was  151.6  acres;  of 
farms  operated  by  managers,  924.7  acres;  and  of 
tenant  farms,  96.2  acres.  The  farms  operated  by 
managers  are  in  all  geographic  divisions  materially 
larger  than  those  operated  by  owners  or  tenants,  but 
the  excess  in  the  size  of  farms  operated  by  owners 
over  that  of  tenant  farms,  which  appears  in  the  aver- 
age for  the  country  as  a  whole,  is  by  no  means  found  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  Farms  operated  by  owners 
are  somewhat  larger  than  those  operated  by  tenants 
in  the  West  North  Central  division  and  very  much 
larger  in  the  South,  but  on  the  other  hand,  in  the  three 


more  easterly  divisions  of  the  North  and  in  the 
Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions,  the  tenant  farms  are 
the  larger,  although  there  is  very  little  difference  in 
New  England.  Conditions  as  to  relative  size  were 
approximately  the  same  in  1900  as  in  1910.  The 
average  size  of  farms  operated  by  owners  decreased 
more  or  less  during  the  decade  in  all  divisions  except 
the  West  North  Central,  wliile  that  of  tenant  farms 
increased  somewhat  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  East 
North  Central,  West  North  Central,  and  West  South 
Central  divisions. 

The  ratio  which  the  acreage  of  improved  farm  land 
bears  to  the  total  farm  acreage  is  higher  in  the  case 
of  tenant  farms  than  in  the  case  of  farms  operated 
by  owners  in  every  geographic  division,  the  difference 
being  particularly  conspicuous  in  the  South  and  in 
the  West  North  Central  and  Pacific  divisions. 


288 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Tabic  4 


DIVISION  AND  CLASS 
OF  OPERATOR. 


UKITEDSTATES 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEW  ENGLAND. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

EAST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  NORTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

EAST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  SOUTH 
CENTRAL. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MOUNTAIN. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

PACIFIC. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


AVERAGE  ACRES  PER 
FARM. 


All  land  in 
farms. 


1910     1900 


138.1 

151.6 

924.7 

96.2 


146.2 

152.2 

1,481.2 

96.3 


104.4 
101.5 
202.2 
102.5 


92.2 
85.3 
188.9 
107.4 


ia5.o 

99.2 
217.0 
116.4 


209.6 
217.1 
597.0 
183.4 


93.3 
116.5 
405.4 

61.3 


78.2 
111.9 
487.4 

43.1 


179.3 

236.7 

4194. 7 

90.6 


324.5 
262.8 
3778.8 
318.1 


270.3 
219.0 
1512.0 
310.1 


75.2 
78.5 
211.9 
4 


107.1 
105.4 
167.8 
107.1 


92.4 
86.1 
179.1 
104.5 


102.4 
99.7 
202.3 
106.3 


189.5 
199.3 
785.3 
150.6 


108.4 

130.7 

379.8 

75.0 


89.9 
123.8 
345.7 

51.1 


233.8 

255.2 

9,330.0 

90.3 


457.9 

298.8 

4,833.2 

349.6 


334.8 

270.3 

2,049.4 

331.9 


Improved 
land  in 
farms. 


1910  1900 


72.2 
76.2 
184.6 
61.9 


38.4 
37.2 
70.0 
41.2 


62.6 
57.1 
100.4 
77.9 


79.2 
72.3 
137.7 
95.5 


148.0 
146.6 
325.2 
146.7 


43.6 
48.6 
148.1 
36.1 


42.2 
53.6 
175.9 
30.2 


61.8 
70.1 
303.8 
52.2 


86.8 
75.6 
505.5 
116.3 


116.1 
94.0 
402.1 
172.0 


PERCENT 

OF  FARM 

LAND 

IMPROVED. 


42.4 
41.3 
64.6 
46.5 


63.4 
58.3 
96.0 
76.0 


76.3 
72.1 
128.7 
85.9 


127.9 
130.9 
288.4 
116.5 


47.9 
52.7 
141.3 
40.0 


44.5 
54.7 
136.3 
32.7 


52.7 
60.1 
252.6 
42.4 


82.9 
74.0 
277.0 
91.1 


132.5 
110.5 
433.9 
173.7 


1910  1900 


54.4 
51.8 
22.9 
69.0 


36, 
36.6 
34.6 
40.2 


67.9 
67.0 
63.1 
72.6 


75.4 
72.9 
63.4 
82.0 


70.6 
67.5 
54.5 
80.0 


46.7 
41.7 
36.5 
58.8 


53.9 

47.9 
30.1 
70.2 


34.4 

29.0 

7.2 

57.5 


26.7 


13.4 
30.6 


42.9 
42.9 
26.6 
55.7 


49.4 
50.0 
12.5 
64.3 


$5,471 
5,664 

25, 075 
4,662 


39.6: 
39.2 
38. 5| 
43.4 


68. 6i 
67.7 
53.6 

72.7 


74.5 
72.3 
63.6 
80.9 


67.5 
65.7 
36.7 
77.3 


44.2; 
40. 3| 
37. 2i 
53.3 


49.5 
44.2 
39.4 
63.91 


22.5! 
23.5 
2.7, 
47.0 


18.1 
24.8 
5.7 
26.1 


39.6 
40.9 
21.2 
52.3 


AVERAGE  VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND   BUILDINGS. 


Per  farm. 


1910    1900 


$2,896 
3,036 

13, 114 
2,345 


3,800 
3,444 
15, 182 
3,792 


5,210 
4,490 
19,052 
6,430 


7, 

6,747 
18,284 
10,595 


10,464 
10,035 
23,809 
11,089 


2,236 
2,080 
15,129 
1,504 


1, 

2,225 
14, 407 
1,050 


3,317 

4,010 

43,693 

2,322 


7,192 
6,044 
45,689 
10,879 


13,050 
10,853 
55,059 
16,546 


Per  acre. 


1910    1900 


$39. 60 
37.37 
27.12 
48.46 


2,753 
2,564 
8,970 
2,896 


4,013 
3,517 
12, 171 

4,888 


4,325 
3,942 
9,911 
5,177 


4,385 
4,416 
12, 175 
4,105 


1,254 

1,475 

6,970 

857 


1,034 
1,330 

5,862 
666 


1,509 

1,739 

27,202 


3,342 
2,773 
16,068 
3,758 


6,751 

5,515 

32,610 

7,743 


$19. 81 

19.95 

8.85 

24.35 


36.45 
33.94 
75.10 
37.01 


56.56 
52.64 
104.01 
59.89 


75.25 
68.04 
84.25 
91.02 


49.92 
46.22 
39.88 
60.45 


23.96 
23.05 
37.31 
24.53 


21.32 

19.88 
29.08 
24.36 


18.50 
16.94 
10.42 
25.62 


22.16 
23.00 
12.09 
34.20 


48.28 
49.55 
36.42 
53.35 


25.71 
24.33 
53.46 
27.05 


43.45 
40.84 
67.94 
46.77 


42.23 
39.55 
48.98 
48.70 


23.14 
22.16 
15.50 
27.26 


11.57 
11.29 
18.35 
11.43 


11.49 
10.75 
16.96 
13.02 


6.45 
6.81 
2.92 
10.28 


7.30 
9.28 
3.32 
10.75 


20.17 
20.40 
15.91 
23.33 


This  condition  is  due  probably  to  the  fact  that  tenants 
in  most  cases  rent  only  that  land  of  which  they  expect 


to  make  active  use,  and  therefore  hire  relatively  little 
unimproved  land.  In  every  division  the  percentage 
of  improved  land  in  the  farms  operated  by  managers  is 
lower  than  in  those  operated  by  owners,  this  condition 
being  closely  related  to  the  fact,  already  noted,  that 
the  farms  of  managers  are  generally  much  larger  than 
other  farms. 

Chiefly  because  they  consist  more  largely  of  im- 
proved land,  the  tenant  farms  have  in  every  geo- 
graphic division  a  higher  average  value  of  land 
and  buildings  per  acre  of  land  than  the  farms  oper- 
ated by  owners.  Furthermore,  the  average  value 
of  land  and  buildings  per  farm  is  greater  for  tenant 
farms  than  for  farms  operated  by  owners,  except 
in  the  three  soiithem  divisions,  where  the  tenant 
farms  are  considerably  smaller  than  those  operated 
by  owners. 

Number  of  farms  for  all  tenure  groups,  by  divisions: 
1910  and  1900.— Table  5  shows,  for  1910  and  1900, 
by  divisions,  the  number  of  farms  in  each  of  the  major 
and  minor  tenure  groups. 

Farms  operated  by  owners  "owning  entire  farm" 
greatly  outnumber  those  operated  by  owners  "rent- 
ing additional  land"  in  all  divisions;  the  difference  is 
less  conspicuous  in  the  West  North  Central  division, 
where  there  were  nearly  one-third  as  many  of  the  latter 
class  in  1910  as  of  the  former. 

In  every  division  the  farms  operated  by  owners 
"renting  additional  land"  increased  in  numbers  be- 
tween 1900  and  1910,  while  in  every  division  except 
the  Mountain  and  Pacific  the  farms  operated  by 
owners  "owning  entire  farm"  either  decreased  or  in- 
creased less  rapidly  than  did  those  of  the  former  group. 
It  seems  to  be  an  increasing  practice  of  farmers  to 
extend  the  farms  they  operate  by  renting  land  in 
addition  to  what  they  own. 

In  every  geographic  division  except  the  New  Eng- 
land and  Pacific  divisions  (in  both  of  which  the  total 
number  of  tenants  is  comparatively  small)  the  num- 
ber of  share  tenants  materially  exceeds  the  number  of 
cash  tenants,  the  difference  being  still  more  conspicu- 
ous if  the  share-cash  tenants  are  counted  with  those 
having  exclusively  a  share  tenure. 


Table  5 

NUMBER  OF  FARMS  OPERATED  BY— 

Owners- 

Managers. 

Share  and  share-cash  tenants. 

Cash  and  "not  reported"  tenants. 

DIVISION. 

Owning  entire 
farm. 

Eenting 

additional 

land. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

Total. 

Share. 

Share- 
cash. 

Total. 

Total. 

Cash. 

Not 
reported. 

Total. 

United  States 

New  England 

3,354,897 

162,539 
329,423 
677,239 
580,066 
521,558 
438,977 
368,855 
145,029 
131,211 

3,201,947 

KB,  554 
332,844 
713,258 
584,560 
480,613 
418,387 
338, 114 
77,006 
93,551 

593,625 

5,869 
25,613 
131,805 
178,880 
71,596 
71,475 
72,050 
15,815 
20,722 

451,376 

6,640 
21,567 
113,055 
153,350 
46,899 
45,299 
41, 170 
8,435 
15,961 

58,104 

6,379 
9,072 
10,848 
8,aS4 
8,298 
3,290 
4,696 
2,912 
5,225 

59,085 
4,736 
8,383 

11,224 
8,394 
9,115 
4,696 
4,954 
3,417 
4,166 

1,528,389 

2,827 

57,190 

204,263 

218,079 

309,498 

320, 478 

391,365 

10,964 

13,725 

1,399,923 

2,611 
54,958 
170, 712 
167,096 
299,381 
307,923 
374,372 
10,349 
12,521 

128,466 

210 

2,232 

33,551 

50,983 

10,117 

12,555 

16,993 

615 

1,204 

1,273,299 

4,936 

69,485 

203,121 

201,873 

252,899 

244,778 

274,677 

7,679 

13,851 

828,287 

12,188 

47,081 

99,334 

124,539 

200,931 

208,260 

106,220 

8,726 

19,008 

712,294 

9,787 

40,958 

84,082 

102,883 

176,617 

192,252 

84, 191 

5,661 

15,863 

113,993 

2,401 
6,123 
15,252 
21,656 
24,314 
16,008 
22,029 
3,065 
3,145 

751,665 

13,022 

Middle  Atlantic 

53,339 

East  North  Central 

95,165 

West  North  Central 

112,567 

South  Atlantic 

172,699 

East  South  Central 

190,153 

West  South  Central 

95,938 

Mountain 

4,730 

Pacific 

14,052 

TENURE  OF  FARMS. 


289 


NUMBER  OF  FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY  CHARACTER  OF 
TENURE  OF  OPERATOR:  1910. 


Q     OMEO. 


The  proportion  of  farms  under  share  tenancy  is 
highest  in  the  West  South  Central  division,  where 
such  farms  (incUiding  those  of  share-cash  tenants) 
m  1910  constituted  78.7  per  cent  of  all  tenant 
farms.  In  all  of  the  divisions  constituting  the  North 
and  the  West  there  was  a  greater  increase  (or  less 
decrease)  during  the  decade  in  the  number  of  cash 
tenants  (including  those  for  whom  the  form  of  ten- 
ure was  not  reported)  than  in  the  number  of 
72497°— 13 19  + 


ACREAGE   OF   ALL   LAND    IN    FARMS,  CLASSIFIED   BY 
CHARACTER  OF  TENURE  OF  OPERATOR:  1910. 


10  «  30 


^H  OWNEKS  V7^  MtNMlMt  BSSB  TCNtNT* 

share  and  share-cash  tenants,  but  in  each  of  the 
three  divisions  constituting  the  South  the  opposite 
was  true. 

Tenure,  by  states:  1910  and  1900. — Table  6,  on  the 
two  following  pages,  shows,  for  each  state,  the  princi- 
pal facts  with  regard  to  the  number,  total  and  improved 
acreage,  and  value  of  land  and  buildings  of  farms  of 
the  three  general  tenure  groups,  for  1910,  with  certain 
comparative  data  for  1900. 


290 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY 

TENURE  OF  OPERATOR,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  6 


STATE  AND  CLASS  OF 
OPEBATOK. 


XTew  England. 

MAINE. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEW  HAMPSHIKE. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

VEEMONT. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

EHODE  ISLAND. 
Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

CONNECTICUT. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Middle  Atlantic 

NEW  YOKK. 

Total 

0\^ers 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEW  JEESET. 
Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

East  North  Central 

OHIO. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

INDIANA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

ILLINOIS. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MICHIGAN. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WISCONSIN. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

West  BTorth  Central 

MINNESOTA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

IOWA 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910   1900 


60,016 

56,454 

999 

2,563 


27,053 

24,493 

681 

1,879 


32,709 

28,065 

636 

4,008 


36,917 

32,075 

1,863 

2,979 


5,292 

4,087 

251 

954 


26,815 

23,234 

949 

2,632 


215,597 

166,674 

4,051 

44,872 


33,487 

24,133 

1,060 

8,294 


219,295 

164,229 

3,961 

51, 105 


272,045 

192, 104 

2,753 

77,188 


215,485 

148,501 

2,297 

64,687 


251,872 

145, 107 

2,386 

104,379 


206,960 

172,310 

1,961 

32,689 


177, 127 

151,022 

1,451 

24,654 


156,137 

122, 104 

1,222 

32,811 


217,044 

133,003 

1,926 

82,115 


226,720 

168,698 

3,819 

54,203 


59,299 

55,607 

917 

2,775 


29,324 

26,450 

689 

2,185 


33, 104 

27,669 

615 

4,820 


37, 715 

32,581 

1,531 

3,603 


5,498 

4,182 

208 

1,108 


26,948 

22,705 

776 

3,467 


34,656 

23,434 

861 

10,355 


224,248 

162,279 

3,703 

58,266 


276,719 

197,361 

3,427 

75,931 


221,897 

156,227 

2,222 

63,448 


264, 151 

158,503 

1,950 

103,698 


203,261 

168,814 

2,234 

32,213 


169, 795 

145,408 

1,391 

22,996 


154,659 

126,809 

1,095 

26,755 


228,622 

147,305 

1,581 

79,736 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


6,296,859 

5,915,822 

156,901 

224, 136 


3,249,458 

2,863,633 

209,625 

176,200 


4,663,577 

3,816,498 

208,938 

638, 141 


2,875,941 

2,343,103 

330,914 

201,924 


443,308 

318,262 

44,436 

80,610 


2,185,788 

1,831,807 

136,649 

217,332 


22,030,367 

15,824,840 

838,476 

5,367,051 


6,299,946 

5,918,922 

126,537 

254,487 


3,609,864 

3,186,413 

169,308 

254, 143 


4,724,440 

3,833,611 

131,449 

759,380 


3,147,064 

2,646,113 

234,034 

266,917 


455,602 
335,354 
28,700 
91,548 


2,312,083 

1,910,774 

104,667 

296,642 


22,648,109 

15,815,967 

712,436 

6, 119, 706 


2,573,857 

1,562,906 

227,340 

783,611 


18,586,832 

12,895,522 

648,268 

5,043,042 


24,105,708 

16,031,682 

504,636 

7,569,390 


21,299,823 

13,938,925 

483,469 

6,877,429 


32,522,937 

17,787,063 

558,463 

14,177,411 


18,940,614 

15,107,494 

452,504 

3,380,616 


21,000,066 

17,369,156 

355, 133 

3,335,777 


27,675,823 

20,668,885 

413, 734 

6,593,204 


33,930,688 

20,214,337 

490,805 

13,225,546 


1900 


2,840,966 

1,624,766 

250,292 

965,908 


19,371,015 

13,081,723 

539,046 

5,750,246 


24,501,985 

16,900,711 

564,863 

7,036,411 


21,619,62:3 

15,098,5631 

496,216 

6,024,844 


32,794,728 

19,671,602 

454,378 

12,668,748 


17,561,698 

14,078,277 

424,311 

3,059,110 


19,862,72 

16,614,181 

331,343 

2,917,203 


26,248,498 

20,893,966 

486, 147 

4,868,385 


34,574,337 

22,451,768 

498,982 

11,623,587 


IMPROVED 
LAND  IN 
FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


2,360,657 

2,222,452 

53,352 

84,853 


929,185 

829,301 

42,790 

57,094 


1,633,965 

1,321,497 

52,584 

259,884 


1,164,501 
931,621 
150,206 
82,674 


178,344 
127,964 
15,914 
34,466 


988,252 

827,009 

61,558 

99,685 


14,844,039 

10,606,157 

431,936 

3,805,946 


1,803,336 

1,105,612 

106,528 

591, 196 


12,673,519 

8,576,291 

371,954 

3,725,274 


19,227,969 

12,724,672 

349,442 

6,153,855 


16,931,252 

10,943,297 

343, 151 

5,644,804 


28,048,323 

15,033,192 

428,467 

12,586,664 


12,832,078 

10, 142, 159 

217, 109 

2,472,810 


11,907,606 

9,626,706 

155, 152 

2,125,748 


19,643,533 

14,153,505 

285,241 

5,204,787 


29,491,199 

17,432,235 

383,977 

11,674,987 


VALXnS  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


$159,619,626 

147,713,769 

5,375,570 

■     6,530,287 


85,916,061 
74,451,558 
6,767,633 
4,696,870 


112,588,275 

88,566,017 

7,926,085 

16,096,173 


194, 168, 765 
144,241,398 
36,745,990 
13,181,377 


27,932,860 
18,137,295 
5,175,000 
4,620,565 


138,319,221 

106,841,306 

19,672,948 

11,804,967 


1,184,745,829 

797,712,574 

89,015,220 

298,018,035 


217,134,519 
133,121,579 
27,319,227 
56,693,713 


1,041,068,755 

663,390,956 

61,949,303 

315,728,496 


1,654,152,406 

1,047,849,280 

47,^,700 

558,367,426 


1,594,275,596 

993,140,921 

37,817,116 

563,317,559 


3,522,792,570 

1,765,992,310 

65,008,033 

1,691,792,227 


901,138,299 
699,059,567 
22,981,178 
179,097,554 


1,201,632,723 

952,917,179 

24,605,725 

224,109,819 


1,262,441,426 

920,359,347 

20,909,251 

321,172,828 


3,257,379,400 

1,942,594,349 

44,993,925 

1,269,791,126 


STATE  AND  CLASS  OF 
OPEEATOE. 


West  Korth  Central 
—Continued. 

MISSOURI. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEBRASKA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

KANSAS. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

South  Atlantic 

DELAWARE. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MAETLAND. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

DISTEICT  OF 
COLUMBIA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

VIEGINIA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  VIEGINIA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

GEORGIA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

FLORIDA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

East  South  Central 

KENTUCKY. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

TENNESSEE. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910      1900 


277,244 

192,285 

2,001 

82,958 


74,360 

63,212 

484 

10,064 


77,644 

57,984 

429 

19,231 


129,678 

79,250 

987 

49,441 


177,841 

111,108 

1,335 

65,398 


10,836 

6,178 

123 

4,535 


48,923 

33,519 

988 

14,416 


217 
118 
15 
84 


184,018 

133,664 

1,625 

48,729 


96,685 

75,978 

872 

19,835 


253,725 

145,320 

1,118 

107,287 


176,434 

64,350 

863 

111,221 


291,027 

98,628 

1,419 

190,980 


50,016 

35,399 

1,275 

13,342 


259,185 

170,  &32 

993 

87,860 


284,886 

196,158 

1,831 

86,897 


45,332 

40,972 

495 

3,865 


52,622 

40,640 

531 

11,451 


121,525 

75,583 

1,132 

44,810 


173,098 

110, 443 

1,729 

60,926 


9,687 

4,680 

131 

4,876 


46,012 

29,513 

1,052 

15,447 


167,886 

114,155 

2,135 

51,596 


92,874 

71,529 

1,054 

20,291 


224,637 

130,572 

1,057 

93,008 


155,355 

59,417 

1,054 

94,884 


224,691 

88,529 

1,602 

134,560 


40,814 

28,984 

1,010 

10,820 


234,667 

155,996 

1,606 

77,065 


246,012  224,623 

144, 125  132, 197 

826     1,286 

101,0611  91,140 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


34,591,248 

25,189,241 

629,845 

8,772,162 


28,426,650 

23,586,728 

477,213 

4,362,709 


26,016,892 

19,314,938 

635,199 

6,066,755 


38,622,021 

26,975,554 

1,094,812 

10,551,655 


43,384,799 

28,840,182 

1,263,691 

13,280,926 


1,038,866 

476,827 

21,164 

540,875 


.5,057,140 

2,905,318 

207,291 

1,944,531 


6,063 
2,429 
1,456 
2,178 


19,495,636 

14,715,345 

660,325 

4,119,%0 


10,026,442 

8, 184, 195 

284,602 

1,557,745 


22,439,129 

15,656,323 

582,377 

6,200,429 


13,512,028 

8,051,503 

547,412 

4,913,113 


26,953,413 

14,851,292 

779, 122 

11,322,999 


5,253,538 

4,280,551 

280,741 

686,246 


22, 189, 127 

17,462,755 

315,260 

4,411,112 


20,041,657 

14,672,637 

334, 929 

5,054,091 


1900 


33,997,873 

25,413,150 

648,597 

7,936,126 


15,542,640 

13,539,689 

661,711 

1,341,240 


19,070,616 

15,168,804 

476, 141 

3,425,671 


29,911,779 

20,454,685 
1,352,589 
8,104,605 


41,662,970 
29,141,857 
2,467,341 
10,053,772 


1.066,228 

■  423, 763 

16, 146 

626,319 


5,170,075 

2,799,642 

205,754 

2,164,679 


2,808 
2,005 
3,676 


19,907,883 

13,818,195 

788,038 

5,301,050 


10,054,513 

8,529,402 

358,994 

1,766,117 


22,749,356 

16,062,030 

420,450 

6,266,876 


13,985,014 

8,227,679 

665, 760 

5,091,575 


26,392,057 

15,547,407 

795, 177 

10,049,473 


4,363.891 

3,514,950 

208,680 

640,261 


21,979,422 

17,334.324 

362, 219 

4,282,879 


20,342,058 

14,523,975 

383, 754 

5,434,329 


IMPROVED 

LAND  ra 
FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


24,581,186 

17,694,543 

396,712 

6,489,931 


20,455,092 

16,407,698 

374,882 

3,672,512 


15,827,208 

10,779,500 

288,166 

4,759,542 


24,382,577 

15,463,311 

562,829 

8,356,437 


29,904,067 

19,348,793 

434,862 

10,120,412 


713,538 

322,077 

17,587 

373,874 


3,354,767 

1,883,482 

129,269 

1,342,016 


5,133 
2,127 
1,263 
1,743 


9,870,058 

7,471,786 

320,528 

2,077,744 


5,521,757 

4,606,103 

133,834 

781,820 


8,813,056 

5,539,783 

159,982 

3,113,291 


6,097,999 

2,800,778 

141,806 

3,155,415 


12,298,017 

4,931,295 

248,350 

7,118,372 


1,805,408 

l,286,a36 

76,465 

442,107 


14,354,471 

11.086,744 

174,708 

3,093,019 


10,890,484 

7,461,499 

115,918 

3,313,067 


VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BmLDINQS. 


1910 


$1,716,204,386 

1,206,020,845 

40,361,980 

469,821,561 


822,656,744 

658,809,090 

16,898,168 

146,949,486 


1,005,080,807 

694,509,873 

13,918,757 

296,652,177 


1,813,346,935 

1,084,248,917 

30,056,713 

699,041,305 


1,737,556,172 

1,109,337,955 

32,473,06a 

595,745,164 


53,155,983 

27,175,067 

1,776,280 

24,204,636 


241,737,123 
132,810,705 
24,468,741 
84,457,677 


8,231,343 
2,279,800 
3,240,843 
■2,710,70» 


532,058,062 
402,841,295 
27,354,426 
101,862,341 


264,390,954 

207,994,468 

9,135,665 

47,260,821 


456,624,607 

305,334,091 

14,209,244 

137,081,272 


332,888,081 
185,703,312 
11,286,139 
135,898,630 


479,204,332 

239,621,776 

17,653,921 

221,928,635 


118,145,089 
89,533,767 
16,414,031 
12, 198, 191 


635,459,372 

464,838,303 

16,836,522 

153,784,547 


480,522,587 

332,367,652 

10,992,818 

137, 162, 117 


TENURE  OF  FARMS. 


291 


NTJMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY 

TENURE  OF  OPERATOR,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 


Table  6— Contd. 


STATE  AND  CLASS  OF 
OPERATOE. 


East  South  Central 

—Continued. 

ALABAMA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Mississim. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

West  South  Central 

AEKANSA.S. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

LOUISIANA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

OKLAHOMA  .1 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

TEXAS. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Mountain 

MONTANA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

IDAHO. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBEK  OT 
FAEMS. 


1910     1900 


262,901 

103,929 

646 

158,326 


274,382 

92,066 

825 

181,491 


214,678 
106,649 
763 
107,266 


120,546 

52,989 

950 

66,607 


190,192 

86,404 

651 

104,137 


417,770 

105,863 

2,332 

219,575 


26,214 

23,365 

505 

2,344 


30,807 

27,169 

450 

3,188 


223,220 

93,472 

874 

128,874 


220,803 

82,021 

930 

137,852 


178,694 

96,735 

819 

81,140 


115,969 

47, 701 

1,034 

67,234 


108,000 

60,209 

541 

47,250 


352,190 

174,639 

2,560 

174,991 


13,370 

11,661 

479 

1,230 


17,471 

15,585 

357 

1,529 


all  land  in  fabms 
(acres). 


1910 


20,732,312 

13,280,106 

306,767 

7,085,439 


18,557,533 

11,716,474 

586,511 

6,254,548 


17,416,075 

12.389,542 

328,186 

4,698,347 


10,439,481 

6, 766, 123 

986,357 

2,687,001 


28,859,353 

15,996,795 

428,679 

12,433,879 


112,435,067 
69,201,014 
17,954,949 
25,279,104 


13,545,603 
10,640.902 
1,429,990 
1, 474, 711 


5,283,604 

4,446,313 

270,234 

567,057 


1900 


20,685,427 

13,565,350 

361,301 

6,758,776 


18,240,736 

11,957,827 

516, 176 

5,766,733 


16,636,719 

12,187,517 

319,450 

4, 129, 752 


11,059,127 

7,167,807 

973, 721 

2,917,599 


22,988,339 
12,238,431 
2,936.411 
7,813,497 


125,807,017 
65,214,061 
41,991,308 
18,601,648 


11,844,454 

5,631,184 

5,351,005 

862,265 


3,204,903 

2,725,403 

199,403 

280,097 


rUPBOVED 
LAND  IN 
FABMS 
(ACEES) 


1910 


9,693,581 

4,620,232 

120,099 

4,953,250 


9,008,310 

4,215,447 

168,066 

4,624,797 


8,076,254 

4,815,122 

112,699 

3,148,433 


6,276,016 

2,865,762 

414,442 

1,995,812 


17,551,337 

9,322,165 

176,927 

8,052,245 


27,360,666 

13,882,422 

722,399 

12,755,845 


3,640,309 

2,894,823 

357,840 

387,646 


2,778,740 

2,268,114 

126,814 

383,812, 


VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


$288,253,591 

166,872,298 

6,965,693 

114,415,600 


334,162,289 
171,674,273 
12,802,628 
149,685,388 


309,166,813 

181,882,010 

10,440,663 

116,844,140 


237,544,450 
134,121,536 
29,902,294 
73,520,620 


738,677,224 

417,862,302 

8,748,571 

312,066,351 


1,843,208,396 

1,034,014,670 

156,091,617 

653, 102, 108 


251,625,930 
196,511,859 
26,293,008 
28,821,063 


245,066,825 
196.806,545 
13,627,913 
34,631,367 


STATE  AND  CLASS  OF 
OPEEATOK. 


Mountain— Contd 

WYOMING. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

COLOBADO. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

ARIZONA. 

Total 

Owners j... 

Managers 

Tenants 

UTAH. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NEVADA. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Pacific 

WASHINGTON. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

OBEGON. 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

CALirOBNIA. 

Total 

Owners ". .. 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF 
FABMS. 


1910 


10,987 

9,779 

311 

897 


46,170 
36,993 

787 
8,390 


35,676 

33,398 

321 

1,957 


,227 
,203 
163 
861 


21,676 

19,762 

194 

1,720 


2, 

2,175 
181 
333 


66,192 

47,605 

961 

7,726 


45,502 

37,796 

847 

6,859 


1900 


6,095 

6,185 

446 

464 


24,700 
18,239 


5,681 


12,311 

10,674 

483 

1,154 


5,809 

4,986 

335 

489 


19,387 

17,363 

311 

1,713 


2,184 

1,   ■" 

126 

249 


33,202 

28,020 

405 

4,777 


35,837 

28,963 

508 

6,366 


88,197   72,542 

66,632  52,529 

3,4171    3,253 

18,148   16,7601 


ALL  LAND  IN  FABMS 
(ACEES). 


1910 


8,643,010 

5,152,581 

2,862,992 

627,437 


13,532,113 
10, 134, 797 
1,140,446 
2,256,870 


11,270,021 

7,095,901 

3, 195, 759 

978,361 


1,246,613 
874.914 
264,798 
106,901 


3,397,699 

2,888,090 

315,376 

194,233 


2,714,757 

1,032,432 

1,524,130 

1,58, 195 


11,712,235 

9,115,171 

629,082 

2,067,982 


11,685,110 

9,036,370 

766,007 

1,882,733 


27,931,444 
15,125,339 
6,004,972 
6,201,133 


1900 


8,124,636 

4,022,941 

3,608,155 

493,440 


9,474,688 
6,156,841 
1,787,515 
1,530,232 


5,130,878 

2,421,403 

2,282,612 

426,863 


1,936,327 

623, 117 

1,364,854 

57,356 


4,116,951 

2,601,564 

929,298 

586,099 


2,566,647 

1,461,483 

1,002,307 

101,857 


8,499,297 

6,998,988 

373,499 

1,126,810 


10,071,328 
7,411,128 
1,162,468 
1,497,732 


28,828,951 
15,189,945 
7,002,038 
6,636,968 


IMPROVED 

LAND  IN 
FAEMS 
(ACEES). 


1910 


1,266,160 
940,372 
189,900 
125,888 


4,302,101 

2,907,897 

310,402 

1,083,802 


1,467,191 

1,298,739 

74, 147 

94,305 


860,173 

264,439 

36,871 

69,863 


1,368,211 

1,202,072 

66,462 

99,677 


752, 117 
386,132 
310,527 

55,468 


6,373,311 

4,760,836 

159,461 

1,463,014 


4,274,803 

3,001,350 

212,812 

1,000,641 


11,389,894 
6, 464, 472 
1,728,625 
3,196,797 


VALUE  OP 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS, 


1910 


$97,915,277 
71,276,564 
17,184,459' 
9,464,264 


408,618,861 

270,209,463 

29,343,663 

108,965,745 


111,830,999 
80,982,226 
20,343,772 
10,505,002 


47,286,310 
33,196,611 
5,800,694 
8,288,005 


117,545,332 

101,417,764 

6,545,737 

9,581,841 


39,609,339 
21,731,516 
13,908,493 
3,969,331 


.571,968,457 
430,624,440 
29,414,474 
111,929,543 


455,576,309 
335,786,072 
28,725,693 
91,064,644 


1,450,601,488 
882,447,830 
229,644,415 
838,609,243 


« Figures  for  1900  Include  Indian  Territory. 


292 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


FARM  MORTGAGES. 


The  inquiries  with  reference  to  mortgage  debt  at 
each  of  the  last  three  censuses  related  only  to  those 
fanns  wliich  were  operated  by  their  owners,  and  no 
attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  the  total  number  of 
farms  which  were  mortgaged  or  the  total  amount  of 
mortgage  debt.  Tenants  or  hired  managers  are  not 
likely  to  have  accurate  information  as  to  whether  the 
farms  they  operate  are  mortgaged,  and  still  less  as  to 
the  amount  of  mortgage  debt,  and  it  would  be  prac- 
tically impossible,  in  many  cases,  to  reach  the  owners 
of  such  farms  in  order  to  ascertain  these  facts.  In  the 
case  of  farms  of  owners  who  rent  additional  land,  the 
statement  as  to  the  amount  of  mortgage  debt  relates 
only  to  the  land  owned  by  the  operator.  Such  farms 
are  included  in  all  of  the  statistics  dealing  with  the 
number  of  farms  mortgaged,  but  not  in  those  relating 
to  the  amount  of  mortgage  debt. 

Number  of  farms  mortgaged. — The  statistics  with 
reference  to  the  number  of  farms  mortgaged  for  the 
past  three  censuses  are  not  precisely  comparable, 
although  nearly  so.  At  the  census  of  1910  questions 
as  to  mortgage  debt  applied  to  all  farms  operated  by 
owners,  while  at  the  two  preceding  censuses  they 
applied  only  to  the  slightly  smaller  class  of  "owned 


farm  homes" — that  is,  farms  occupied  by  their  owners 
as  homes. 

Table  7  shows,  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole  for 
the  last  three  censuses,  the  actual  returns  with  regard 
to  the  number  of  farms  or  farm  homes  operated  or 
occupied  by  their  owners  which  were  free  from  mort- 
gage and  mortgaged,  respectively. 


Table  7 

Total. 

Free  from 
mortgage. 

Mortgaged. 

Not 
specified. 

191 0— Farms  oixjrated  by  owners. 
1900— Owned  farm  homes 

3.948.722 
3.638.403 
3,142,746 

2.588,596       1.312,034 
2,419.180       1,093.164 
2,227,969          87.';.fti2 

48,092 
126,059 

39,725 

At  the  census  of  1900  there  were  many  more  cases 
of  failure  to  report  the  presence  or  absence  of  mort- 
gage indebtedness  than  at  the  census  of  1910  or  of 
1890.  While  the  proportion  free  from  mortgage  or 
mortgaged  can  be  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  actual 
reports,  it  would  not  be  proper  to  compute  the  increase 
in  the  number  of  farms  in  each  of  these  classes  with- 
out first  distributing  in  proper  proportion  the  farms 
for  which  no  report  was  secured  between  the  two 
groups.  This  has  been  done  in  Table  8,  wliich  pre- 
sents statistics  by  divisions. 


Table  8 


FARMS  OR  FARM  HOMES  OPERATED  OR  OCCUPIED  BY  OWNERS. 


Free  from  mortgage. 


1910 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


2,621,283 

109.586 
219,093 
478, 408 
408, 980 
481,412 
394, 573 
305,792 
127,400 
06,039 


Increase: » 
1900-1910 


1900 


1890 


2,510, 
108, 
214, 
603, 
406, 
438. 
380, 
306, 
74, 
77, 


990 


2,255,789 

118.717 
222.497 
479,014 
357,099 
387,381 
346,320 
238,995 
45,631 
60,135 


Number. 


110, 

1, 
4, 
-25, 
2, 
43, 
13, 

52, 
18, 


Per 
cent. 


4.4 

1.0 

2.2 

-5.0 

0.7 

9.9 

3.6 

-0.2 

70.1 

23.1 


Increa.sc:' 
1890-1900 


Number. 


254,865 

-10,243 
-8,212 
24,407 
49.166 
50,716 
34,546 
67,365 
29,265 
17,855 


Per 
cent. 


11.3 

-8.6 
-3.7 
5.1 
13.8 
13.1 
10.0 
28.2 
64.1 
29.7 


Mortgaged. 


1900 


1,327,439 

58, 822 
135,943 
330,636 
349,960 
111,742 
115. 879 
135, 113 
33,444 
55,894 


1,127,749 

66,129 

144, 462 

327,799 

322,852 

88,217 

77,976 

67,987 

12,570 

29,757 


Increase:' 
1900-1910 


1890 


40, 
130, 
288, 
3.30, 

31. 

16, 

11, 
7. 

24, 


Number. 


199, 

2, 
-8, 

2 

27! 
23. 
37, 
67, 
20, 
26, 


Per 
cent. 


17.7 

4.8 
-5.9 
0.9 
8.4 
26.7 
48.6 
98.7 
166.1 
87.8 


Increase:* 
1890-1900 


Number. 


240,792 

9.391 
13. 692 
39. 440 
-7.218 
67. 137 
61.742 
56,032 
5.059 
5,517 


Per 
cent. 


27.1 

20.1 
10.5 
13.7 
—2.2 
183!  8 
380.3 
468.7 
67.4 
22.8 


'  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Table  9  shows  percentages  derived  from  Table  8. 


Table  9 


tTnited  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


PER  CENT  OF  ALL  FARMS  FOR  "WHICH  MORTGAGE 
REPORTS  WERE  OBTADfED.l 


Free  from  mortgage. 

Mortgaged 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1910 

1900 

66.4 

68.9 

71.8 

33.6 

31.1 

65.1 

65.9 

71.8 

34.9 

34.1 

01.7 

59.7 

63.0 

38.3 

40.3 

59.1 

60.6 

62.4 

40.9 

,39.4 

53.9 

55.7 

52.0 

46.1 

44.3 

81.2 

83.2 

92.6 

18.8 

16.8 

77.3 

83.0 

95.5 

22.7 

17.0 

69.4 

81.8 

95.2 

30.6 

18.2 

79.2 

8.^6 

85.9 

20.8 

14.4 

63.2 

72.4 

'" 

36.8 

27.6 

28.2 

28.2 

37.0 

37.6 

48.0 

7.4 

4.5 

4.8 

14.1 

28.7 


'  For  1910  based  on  farms  operated  by  their  owners  and  for  1900  and  1890  on 
farm  homes  occupied  by  their  owners. 


In  making  comparisons  betw^een  geographic  divi- 
sions and  between  censuses,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind 
that  the  fact  of  mortgage  indebtedness  is  not  neces- 
sarily an  indication  of  lack  of  prosperity.  There  can 
be  no  question  but  that  American  farmers  generally 
were  more  prosperous  in  1910  than  at  the  two  pre- 
ceding censuses,  and  yet  in  that  year  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  farms  were  mortgaged.  The  proportion 
of  mortgage  indebtedness  is  higlier  in  Iowa  and  Wis- 
consin than  in  any  of  the  other  states,  and  yet  these 
states  are  among  the  most  prosperous  in  agriculture. 
Although  in  some  cases  mortgages  are  placed  on  farms 
because  of  poor  crops  or  other  misfortunes  or  because 
of  mismanagement,  they  often  represent  an  unpaid 
portion  of  the  cost  of  the  farm  itself  or  money  ex- 


FARM  MORTGAGES. 


293 


pended  for  additional  land  or  for  buildings  and  other 
equipment.  The  conditions  in  different  parts  of  the 
country  as  to  land  titles  and  as  to  availability  of 
pubhc  lands  for  settlement  in  some  cases  affect  the 
proportion  of  farms  mortgaged. 

NUMBER  OF  FARMS  OPERATED  BY  THEIR   OWNERS, 
FREE  FROM  MORTGAGE  AND  MORTGAGED:  1910. 


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FREE  FROM  MORTGAQE 


8Q3 


MORTGAQEO 


In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  number  of 
farms  or  farm  homes  operated  or  occupied  by  their 
owners  which  were  free  from  mortgage  increased  much 
less  rapidly  during  each  of  the  last  two  census  decades 
than  the  number  mortgaged.     The  proportion  mort- 


gaged was  28.2  per  cent  in  1890,  31.1  percent  in  1900, 
and  33.6  per  cent  in  1910. 

In  1910  the  proportion  mortgaged  was  highest  (46.1 
per  cent)  in  the  West  North  Central  division.  The 
lowest  proportions,  18.8  per  cent,  22.7  per  cent,  and 
20.8  per  cent,  respectively,  were  in  the  South  Atlantic, 
East  South  Central,  and  Mountain  divisions. 

In  every  geographic  division  except  the  Middle 
Atlantic  the  proportion  of  farms  mortgaged  was 
greater  in  1910  than  in  1900,  and  in  every  division 
except  the  West  North  Central  the  proportion  was 
greater  in  1910  than  in  1890.  The  most  conspicuous  in- 
crease in  the  proportion  of  farms  mortgaged  has  been 
in  ythe  three  southern  divisions,  and  it  is  very  likely 
that  increased  confidence  of  lenders  in  the  titles 
to  land  and  in  the  ability  of  the  farmers  to  pay  their 
debts  has  had  much  to  do  with  this  change. 

Amount  of  mortgage  debt. — Table  10  shows,  by  di- 
visions, for  1910,  the  number  of  farms  operated  by 
owners  owning  their  entire  farm  and  for  which  the 
amount  of  mortgage  debt  was  reported,  together  with 
the  total  value  of  the  land  and  buildings  of  such  farms, 
and  the  amount  of  debt.  For  1890  it  shows  the  total 
number  of  owned  farm  homes  mortgaged  (including 
those  of  owners  who  rented  additional  land) ,  with  the 
value  of  the  land  and  buildings,  and  the  amount  of 
mortgage  indebtedness  (including  estimates).  The 
census  statistics  with  reference  to  the  amount  of  mort- 
gage debt  do  not  cover  all  the  mortgaged  farms  reported. 
In  some  cases  the  enumerators  were  able  to  ascertain 
that  a  farm  was  mortgaged,  but  were  unable  to  secure 
a  statement  of  the  amount  of  indebtedness.  Further, 
the  statistics  relative  to  the  amount  of  indebtedness 
do  not  include  the  farms  operated  by  owners  who 
rent  'additional  land,  which  make  up  a  considerable 
number.  In  the  case  of  these  farms  the  report  as  to 
the  amount  of  debt  would  necessarily  relate  only  to 
the  land  which  was  owned  by  the  operator,  and  it 
would  be  improper  to  compare  it  with  the  entire  value 
of  the  farm,  including  that  of  the  hired  land.  The 
total  number  of  mortgaged  farms  operated  by  owners, 
including  those  who  rent  additional  land,  in  the  United 


Table  lO 

FARMS  OPEKATED  BY  OWNERS  OWNINO  ENTIEE  FARM:  1910* 

OWNED  FARU  HOUES:  1890  > 

Num- 
ber. 

Value  of  land 
and 

buildings. 

Amount  of 
debt. 

Ratio 

of 
debt 

to 

value, 

per 

cent. 

Average  per  farm. 

Num- 
ber. 

Value  of  land 

and 

buildings. 

Amount  of 
debt. 

Ratio 

of 
debt 

to 

value, 

per 

cent. 

Average  per  farm. 

Value. 

Debt. 

Equi- 
ty. 

Value. 

Debt. 

Equi- 
ty. 

TTnited  States  . . . 
New  England   

1,006,511 

53, 791 

118,220 

257,884 

2:i6,975 

86,522 

85.282 

96,687 

26,731 

44,419 

96,330,236,951 

183, 826, 183 
516,334,528 
1,605,964.728 
2,361,540.675 
270.317,105 
203,126,373 
4.84.014,790 
247.994,132 
4.17,119,437 

11,726,172,851 

58  535. 508 

178,326,219 

459,886.968 

608. 480. 562 

73,597,258 

59, 769, 643 

121.365,670 

59,364,  ia5 

106,846,838 

27.3 

31.8 
34.5 
28.6 
25.8 
27.2 
29.4 
25.1 
23.9 
23.4 

$6,289 

3.417 
4.368 
6,227 
9.965 
3,124 
2,382 
5.006 
9,277 
10,291 

11.715 

1,088 
1.508 
1,783 
2,568 
851 
701 
1,255 
2.221 
2,405 

$4,574 

2,329 
2,860 
4,444 
7,397 
2,273 
1,681 
3,751 
7,056 
7,886 

886,957 

40, 738 
130, 770 
288,359 
330,070 
31,080 
16.234 
11,955 
7,511 
24,240 

13,054,923,165 

110, 12;?,  599 

542,842.412 

1.011,288.228 

1.014.518,328 

83,843.919 

28,688,835 

27,862,864 

34. 260. 958 

201,494,022 

$1,085,995,960 

44.512,143 

234.538.777 

330, 156, 531 

341.286.412 

33,665;  166 

12. 432, 680 

11,924,086 

10,905.181 

60,574,984 

35.5 

40.4 
43.2 
33.2 
33.6 
40.2 
43.3 
42.8 
31.8 
30.1 

93,444 

2,356 
4,151 
3.507 
3,074 
2,698 
1.767 
2.331 
4.561 
8,312 

11,224 

952 
1.794 
1,166 
1,034 
1,083 
766 
997 
1,452 
2,499 

$2,220 

1,404 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

2,357 
2,341 
2,040 
1,615 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

1.001 
1..334 
3,109 

Pacific 

5,813 

'  Includes  only  those  reporting  value  of  farm  and  amount  of  debt. 

*  Includes  all  owned  farm  homes  operated  by  their  owners,  with  estimates  for  those  with  incomplete  reports. 


294 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


MORTGAGES  AND  MORTGAGE  INDEBTEDNESS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


Table  11 


DIVISION  OR  STATE, 


Geogkaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  HamjMhire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Elinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 


West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah.. 

Nevada 

Paqfic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


NUMBEB  OF  FARMS  OPERATED 

BY  owners: 
1910  > 

PER  CENT 
REPORTED  AS 
MORTGAGED.^ 

FAEMS  OPERATED  BY  OWNERS  OWNING  ENTIR".  FARM: 

1910  3 

RATIO  OF 
DEBT  TO 
VALUE, 

PEE  CENT. 

Total. 

Free  from 
mort- 
gage. 

Mort- 
gaged. 

Not 
re- 
ported. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

Num- 
ber. 

Value  of  land 

and 

buildings. 

Amount  of 
debt. 

Average  per  farm. 

1910 

1890 

Value. 

Debt. 

Equity. 

3,948,722 

2,688,596 

1,312,034 

48,092 

33.6 

31.1 

28.2 

1,006,511 

$6,330,236,951 

$1,726,172,851 

$6,289 

11,715 

$4,674 

27.3 

35.5 

168,408 

108,938 

58,474 

9% 

34.9 

34.1 

28.2 

53,791 

183,826,183 

58,535,508 

3,417 

1,088 

2,329 

31.8 

40.4 

355,036 

217,257 

134,803 

2,976 

38.3 

40.3 

37.0 

118,220 

516,334,528 

178,326,219 

4,368 

1,508 

2,860 

34.5 

43.2 

809,044 

473,822 

327,463 

7,759 

40.9 

39.4 

37.6 

257,884 

1,605,964,728 

459,886,968 

6,227 

1,783 

4,444 

28.6 

33.2 

758,946 

404,555 

346,182 

8,209 

46.1 

44.3 

48.0 

236,975 

1,361,640,675 

608,480,562 

9,965 

2,568 

7,397 

25.8 

33.6 

593,154 

474,742 

110,198 

8,214 

18.8 

16.8 

7.4 

86,522 

270,317,105 

73,597,258 

3,124 

851 

2,273 

27.2 

40.2 

510,452 

388,837 

114,195 

7,420 

22.7 

17.0 

4.5 

85,282 

203,125,373 

59,769,643 

2,382 

701 

1,681 

29.4 

43.3 

440,905 

299,303 

132,252 

9,350 

30.6 

18.2 

4.8 

90,687 

484,014,790 

121,365,670 

5,006 

1,255 

3,761 

25.1 

42.8 

160,844 

125,940 

33,060 

1,844 

20.8 

14.4 

14.1 

26,731 

247,994,132 

59,364,185 

9,277 

2,221 

7,056 

23.9 

31.8 

151,933 

95,202 

55,407 

1,324 

36.8 

27.6 

28.7 

44,419 

457,119,437 

106,846,838 

10,291 

2,405 

7,886 

23.4 

30.1 

56,454 

41,309 

14,948 

197 

26.6 

26.7 

22.1 

13,894 

39,774,005 

11,738,529 

2,863 

845 

2,018 

29.5 

36.7 

24,493 

18,119 

6,234 

140 

25.6 

25.5 

21.8 

5,666 

15,457,040 

4,773,610 

2,728 

842 

1,886 

30.9 

38.4 

28,065 

14,851 

13,140 

74 

46.9 

46.9 

44.3 

12,138 

36,858,501 

1»,  436, 091 

3,037 

1,025 

2,012 

33.7 

41.8 

32,075 

18,768 

13,014 

293 

40.9 

38.6 

30.5 

12,030 

49,742,396 

16,371,484 

4,135 

1,361 

2,774 

32.9 

41.9 

4,087 

2,811 

1,180 

96 

29.6 

27.1 

19.1 

1,001 

4,087,933 

1,356,326 

4,084 

1,355 

2,729 

33.2 

42.6 

23,234 

13,080 

9,958 

196 

43.2 

40.7 

31.1 

9,062 

37,906,308 

11,859,468 

4,183 

1,309 

2,874 

31.3 

40.6 

166,674 

93,118 

72,311 

1,245 

43.7 

46.3 

44.2 

62,555 

284,659,163 

97,309,848 

4,551 

1,556 

2,995 

34.2 

43.6 

24,133 

11,983 

11,793 

357 

49.6 

51.9 

48.9 

10,666 

55,507,006 

19,476,938 

5,204 

1,826 

3,378 

35.1 

49.6 

164,229 

112,156 

50,699 

1,374 

31.1 

32.3 

27.4 

44,999 

176,168,359 

61,539,433 

3,915 

1,368 

2,547 

34.9 

40.7 

192,104 

135,616 

54,997 

1,491 

28.9 

29.8 

28.9 

42,785 

220,749,834 

63,788,397 

5,160 

1,491 

3,669 

28.9 

34.3 

148,501 

89,847 

56,914 

1,740 

38.8 

36.5 

33.1 

40,108 

251,  %1, 241 

57,486,582 

6,282 

1,433 

4,849 

22.8 

30.3 

145,107 

86,713 

55,792 

2,602 

39.2 

39.3 

36.7 

36,938 

454,857,222 

115,799,646 

12,314 

3,135 

9,179 

25.5 

34.6 

172,310 

88,705 

82,631 

974 

48.2 

48.3 

49.4 

68,655 

250,874,010 

75,997,030 

3,654 

i,iffr 

2,547 

30.3 

32.4 

151,022 

72,941 

77, 129 

952 

51.4 

45.8 

42.9 

69,398 

427,522,421 

146,815,313 

6,160 

2,116 

4,044 

34.3 

33.3 

122,104 

65,038 

66,146 

921 

46.3 

44.8 

46.4 

41,776 

296,015,776 

77,866,283 

7,062 

1,864 

6,198 

26.4 

31.6 

133,003 

63,234 

68,045 

1,724 

51.8 

53.0 

53.3 

50,462 

735,265,320 

204,242,722 

14,574 

4,048 

10,526 

27.8 

33.3 

192,285 

102,514 

88,486 

1,285 

46.3 

42.4 

36.4 

64,028 

389,476,000 

112,565,403 

6,083 

1,758 

4,325 

28.9 

32.3 

63,212 

30,651 

31,727 

834 

50.9 

31.4 

48.7 

19,187 

213,642,953 

47,841,587 

11,135 

2,493 

8,642 

22.4 

36.3 

57,984 

35,101 

21,691 

1,192 

38.2 

36.7 

52.4 

11,313 

154,749,490 

32,771,359 

13,679 

2,897 

10,782 

21.2 

38.6 

79,250 

47,435 

30,839 

976 

39.4 

45.4 

52.0 

19,778 

286,308,920 

62,373,472 

14,476 

3,154 

11,322 

21.8 

32.4 

111,108 

60,582 

49,249 

1,277 

44.8 

41.8 

55.5 

30,442 

287,082,217 

70,819,736 

9,430 

2,326 

7,104 

24.7 

36.0 

6,178 

3,817 

2,264 

97 

37.2 

36.5 

29.4 

2,021 

8,801,976 

3,068,721 

4,365 

1,518 

2,837 

34.9 

44.0 

33,519 

21,084 

12,127 

308 

36.5 

36.8 

30.0 

10,764 

44,398,721 

15,673,773 

4,129 

1,457 

2,672 

35.3 

38.5 

118 

93 

21 

4 

18.4 

18.9 

4.1 

20 

233,.400 

56,100 

11,670 

2,805 

8,865 

24.0 

32.8 

133,664 

111,474 

21,182 

1,008 

16.0 

14.7 

3.2 

17,410 

62,377,247 

15,440,291 

3,583 

887 

2,696 

24.8 

47.6 

75,978 

66,093 

9,525 

360 

12.6 

14.1 

13.0 

7,878 

21,549,125 

5,692,533 

2,735 

710 

2,025 

26.0 

32.2 

145,320 

117,028 

26,642 

1,650 

18.5 

15.8 

4.9 

19,252 

42,952,440 

9,958,389 

2,231 

517 

1,714 

23.2 

45.6 

64,350 

47,535 

15,020 

1,795 

24.0 

20.6 

8.0 

11,189 

39,593,747 

10,109,072 

3,639 

903 

2,636 

25.6 

50.2 

98,628 

78,004 

18,257 

2,367 

19.0 

14.7 

3.4 

13,839 

37,526,424 

10,988,409 

2,712 

794 

1,918 

29.3 

41.9 

35,399 

29,614 

5,160 

625 

14.8 

10.3 

2.9 

4,169 

12,884,025 

2,709,970 

3,098 

652 

2,446 

21.0 

31.2 

170,332 

135,505 

33,039 

1,788 

19.6 

15.2 

4.1 

25,846 

81,315,441 

23,411,430 

3,146 

906 

2,240 

28.8 

40.1 

144, 125 

118,285 

24,006 

1,834 

16.9 

11.5 

3.2 

17,362 

47,232,059 

12,626,330 

2,720 

727 

1,993 

26.7 

40.1 

103,929 

74,604 

27,457 

1,968 

26.9 

19.2 

4.4 

19,230 

32,311,461 

10,350,577 

1,680 

638 

1,142 

32.0 

43.8 

92,066 

60,543 

29,693 

1,830 

32.9 

27.1 

7.7 

22,844 

42,266,412 

13,381,306 

1,850 

586 

1,264 

31.7 

64.4 

106,649 

82,321 

22,374 

1,954 

21.4 

14.3 

4.2 

16,665 

35,035,023 

8,941,332 

2,116 

640 

1,576 

25.6 

44.4 

52,989 

42,011 

9,834 

1,144 

19.0 

17.7 

4.0 

7,620 

28,771,636 

8,950,301 

3,826 

1,190 

2,636 

31.1 

44.1 

85,404 

46,889 

36,036 

2,479 

43.5 

<9.2 

24,588 

122,327,300 

27,384,765 

4,975 

1,114 

3,861 

22.4 

195,863 

128,082 

64,008 

3,773 

33.3. 

23.4 

6.7 

48,024 

297,880,832 

76,089,272 

6,203 

1,584 

4,619 

25.5 

41.7 

23,365 

18,014 

4,820 

531 

21.1 

14.0 

15.6 

3,990 

44,616,154 

10,741,280 

11,182 

2,692 

8,490 

24.1 

31.7 

27,169 

17,933 

9,010 

226 

33.4 

16.4 

16.3 

7,594 

64,376,068 

14,557,103 

8,477 

1,917 

6,560 

22.6 

30.0 

9,779 

7,815 

1,923 

41 

19.7 

12.2 

13.1 

1,531 

16,675,387 

4,207,983 

10,892 

2,749 

8,143 

25.2 

34.6 

36,993 

26,822 

9,636 

535 

26.4 

27.0 

25.5 

7,571 

77,332,068 

18,986,026 

10,214 

2,508 

7,706 

24.6 

32.4 

33,398 

31,382 

1,775 

241 

5.4 

2.3 

3.0 

1,397 

10,683,233 

2,590,282 

7,647 

1,854 

5,793 

24.2 

34.2 

8,203 

7,038 

1,043 

122 

12.9 

6.0 

6.8 

813 

8,695,498 

2,253,252 

10,696 

2,772 

7,924 

25.9 

40.6 

19,762 

15,131 

4,492 

139 

22.9 

11.1 

5.5 

3,526 

21,319,580 

4,564,175 

6,046 

1,294 

4,752 

21.4 

24.9 

2,175 

1,805 

361 

9 

16.7 

19.3 

17.2 

309 

4,297,144 

1,464,084 

13,907 

4,738 

9,169 

34.1 

33.1 

47,506 

30,979 

16,026 

500 

34.1 

21.7 

26.8 

12,715 

113,394,798 

25,644,551 

8,918 

2,017 

6,901 

22.6 

28.6 

37,796 

24,855 

12,632 

309 

33.7 

25.2 

23.4 

10,274 

93,525,449 

21,165,627 

9,103 

2,060 

7,043 

22.6 

29.9 

66,632 

39,368 

26,749 

515 

40.5 

32.2 

32.5 

^,430 

250,199,190 

60,036,660 

11,675 

2,802 

8.873 

24.0 

30.3 

1  Ilicludes  those  whose  owners  rented  additional  land.  »  Percentages  are  based  on  combined  total  of  farms  "free  from  mortgage"  and  "mortgaged." 

'  Includes  only  those  whose  owners  reported  value  of  farm  and  amount  of  debt.  *  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARM  MORTGAGES. 


295 


States  in  1910  was  1,327,439,  but  the  number  for  which 
statistics  regarding  the  amount  of  indebtedness  have 
been  compiled  is  only  1,006,511. 

No  statistics  of  the  amount  of  mortgage  indebted- 
ness on  farms  were  collected  at  the  census  of  1900,  but 
such  statistics  were  collected  in  1890.  In  the  pub- 
lished reports  of  that  census,  however,  the  amount  of 
mortgage  indebtedness  on  farms  with  incomplete 
reports  was  estimated.  Moreover,  the  farms  of  owners 
who  rented  additional  land  were  included  in  the  statis- 
tics. Consequently,  the  statistics  of  absolute  amounts 
of  mortgage  debt  for  1890  are  not  comparable  with 
those  for  1910.  On  the  other  hand,  the  ratio  which 
the  mortgage  indebtedness  bears  to  the  value  of  the 
mortgaged  farms  is  reasonably  comparable  for  the  two 
censuses. 

The  total  value  of  the  land  and  buildings  of  the 
1,006,511  farms  shown  for  1910  was  $6,330,000,000, 
and  the  amount  of  debt  was  $1,726,000,000,  or  27.3 
per  cent  of  the  value.  The  corresponding  proportion 
in  1890,  as  shown  in  the  reports,  was  35.5  per  cent,  and 
to  make  this  figure  strictly  comparable  it  would  pre- 
sumably have  to  be  increased  slightly.  There  was 
thus  during  the  20  years  a  marked  diminution  in  the 


relative  importance  of  mortgage  debt.  This  decline 
in  the  ratio  of  debt  to  value  is  primarily  due  to  the 
very  rapid  increase  in  the  value  of  land  in  farms. 
The  average  amount  of  mortgage  indebtedness  per 
farm  increased  from  $1,224  in  1890  to  $1,715  in  1910, 
but  the  average  owner's  equity  per  farm  increased 
from  $2,220  to  $4,574,  or  more  than  doubled. 

In  1910  there  was  no  very  great  difference  among 
the  several  geographic  divisions  with  respect  to  the 
ratio  of  indebtedness  to  the  value  of  land  and  build- 
ings, the  highest  ratio  being  34.5  per  cent  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division,  and  the  lowest  23.4  per  cent 
in  the  Pacific  division.  In  every  division  the  ratio  of 
indebtedness  to  value  was  materially  lower  in  1910 
than  in  1890,  when  in  five  of  the  divisions  it  exceeded 
40  per  cent. 

Statistics  by  states. — Table  1 1  presents,  by  divisions 
and  states,  statistics  of  the  number  of  farms  mortgaged 
for  1910,  with  comparative  percentages  for  1900  and 
1890,  and  of  the  value  of  mortgaged  farms  and  the 
amount  of  mortgage  debt  for  1910,  with  comparative 
percentages  for  1890.  The  percentages  showing  the 
relative  number  of  mortgaged  farms  in  each  state  in 
1910  are  shown  graphically  in  the  diagram  on  page  293. 


296 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE 


COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS. 


Number  of  native  white,  foreign-born  white,  and  col- 
ored farmers,  by  tenure:  1910. — Table  14,  on  the  oppo- 
site page,  shows,  for  each  geographic  division  and 
state,  the  number  of  farms  in  1910  operated  by  native 
whites,  foreign-born  whites,  and  colored  persons 
(negroes,  Indians,  Chinese,  and  Japanese),  respec- 
tively, tha  farms  in  each  group  being  further  classified 
according  to  the  tenure  of  the  operator.  The  diagram 
shows,  by  states,  the  number  of  farms  classified  by 
color  and  nativity  of  operator  in  1910. 

Table  12  shows  the  percentage  of  the  total  number 
of  farm  operators  in  each  geographic  division  in  1910 
represented  by  native  whites,  foreign-born  whites,  and 
colored  persons,  respectively,  and  also  a  similar  distri- 
bution of  the  farm  owners  and  of  the  farm  tenants. 
The  distribution  of  farm  managers,  which  is  less 
significant  on  account  of  their  small  number,  is  not 
shown. 


Table  12 

PER  CENT  OF  ALL 

PER  CENT 

OF 

PER  CENT  OF 

FARM  OPERATORS. 

FARM  OWNERS. 

FARM 

TENANTS. 

i 

u 

i 

b 

i 

b, 

• 

A 

A 

*^ 

A 

a 

V, 

A 

A 

DIVISION. 

Sf 

^ 

!fi 

1 

^ 

!f< 

^ 

2 

1 

4 

£  0 

e 
% 

H 

1 

1 

B 

H 

'^ 

£ 

fe 

?, 

fe 

£ 

^ 

^ 

fr, 

% 

;>^ 

'^ 

'Z 

P^ 

;z; 

tTnlted  States 

75.0 

10.5 

14.6 

80.1 

13.8 

6.1 

66.2 

6.0 

28.8 

85.3 

14.5 

0.2 

85.6 

14.2 

0.2 

82.6 

17.1 

0  3 

Middle  Atlantic 

89.5 

10.1 

0.4 

89.1 

10.5 

0.4 

91.1 

8.4 

0.5 

East  North  Central 

82.7 

16.7 

0.5 

79.9 

19.7 

0.5 

90.3 

9.1 

0.6 

West  North  Central 

74.8 

24.3 

0.9 

70.4 

28.6 

1.0 

84.4 

14.9 

0.7 

South  Atlantic 

67.4 

0.6 

32.0 

81.8 

1.0 

17.2 

50.2 

0.2 

49.6 

East  South  Central 

68.3 

0.5 

31.2 

87.7 

0.8 

11.5 

49.5 

0.2 

50,4 

West  South  Central 

73.4 

4.4 

22.2 

81.0 

5.9 

13.1 

66.6 

3.1 

30,4 

Mountain 

78.5 
69.8 

17.1 
27.7 

4.4 
2.5 

78.0 
69.9 

17.2 
28.7 

4.8 
1.4 

81.7 
67.9 

16.7 
24.1 

1  7 

Pacific 

8  0 

Of  the  6,361,502  farms  in  the  United  States  as  a 
whole  in  1910,  4,771,063,  or  75  percent,  were  operated 
by  native  white  farmers;  669,556,  or  10.5  per  cent,  by 
foreign-born  whites;  and  920,883,  or  14.5  per  cent,  by 
negroes  and  other  nonwhites.  These  percentages  may 
be  compared  with  those  showing  the  distribution  of  the 
total  male  population  of  voting  age.  Of  the  males  21 
years  of  age  and  over  in  the  United  States  in  1910, 
65.6  per  cent  were  native  whites,  24.6  per  cent  foreign- 
bom  whites,  and  9.8  per  cent  colored. 

The  colored  farmers  are  for  the  most  part  in  the 
Southern  states.  In  the  South  Atlantic  and  East 
South  Central  divisions  nearly  one-third  of  the  farm 
operators  are  colored,  and  in  the  West  South  Central 
between  one-fourth  and  one-fifth;  while  in  each  of  the 
four  divisions  constituting  the  North  the  proportion 
is  below  1  per  cent,  and  in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific 
divisions  (where  this  class  of  farmers  is  made  up  chiefly 


of  Indians,  Chinese,  and  Japanese)  the  proportions 
are  only  4.4  per  cent  and  2.5  per  cent,  respectively. 
Nearly  all  of  the  foreign-bom  white  farmers  are  in 
the  North  and  West. 

NUMBER    OF    FARMS,    CLASSIFIED    BY    COLOR    ANE 
NATIVITY  OF  OPERATOR:  1910. 


V^^  NATIVE  WHITE  QB  roftdON  SOKN  WMITI  ^ggg  MmO  *M0  OtHtM  HONmiltt 

Table  13  shows  the  proportion  of  the  native  white, 
foreign-born  white,  and  colored  farm  operators,  respec- 
tively, who  were  in  each  of  the  three  general  tenure 
groups  in  1910. 


Table  13 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  Nort.h  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 


PER  CENT  OF 

NATIVE  WHITE 

FARM 

OPERATORS. 


<^ 

£2 

i 

1 

o 

£h 

66.3 

82.7 

89.6 

7.7 

75.4 

22.7 

69.5 

29.5 

64.3 

34.8 

64.8 

34.2 

62.9 

36.7 

51.6 

47.8 

87.1 

11.2 

80.1 

16.8 

1.0 

2.7 
1.9 
1.0 
0.9 
1.0 
0.4 
0.6 
1.7 
3.1 


PER  CENT  OF 

FOREIGN-BORN 

WHITE  FARM 

OPERATORS. 


81.4 

87.2 
79.0 
84.6 
80.7 
84.9 
81.1 
62.7 
88.3 
83.1 


17.6 

9.3 
18.6 
14.7 
18.9 
11.7 
17.8 
36.8 
10.4 
15.0 


PER  CENT  OF 
NEGRO  AND 
OTHER  NON- 
WHITE  FARM 
OPERATORS. 


COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS.  297 

FARM  OPERATORS  CLASSIFIED  BY  COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  AND  BY  TENURE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910. 


Table  14 

DIVISION  OK  STATE. 


United  States . 


GsooBAFHic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central  . 
West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Paciflc 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  DakoU^ 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho  

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  FARM  OPERATORS. 


Total. 


6,3<1,50S 


188,802 
468,379 
123,489 
109,948 
111,881 
042,480 
943, 186 
183,446 
189,891 


Owners. 


Tenants . 


3,848,722  2,854,676 


168,408 
355,036 
809,044 
7.58,946 
593,154 
510, 452 
440,905 
160,844 
151,933 


00,016 
27,063 
32,709 
36,917 
5,292 
26,815 

215,697 
33,487 
219,206 

272,045 
215,485 
251,872 
206,960 
177,127 

156,137 
217,044 
277,244 
74,380 
77,644 
129,678 
177,841 

10,836 

48,923 

217 

184,018 

96,686 
253,725 
176,434 
291,027 

50,016 

259,185 
246,012 
262,901 
274,382 

214,678 
120,646 
190,192 
417,770 

26,214 
30,807 
10,987 
46,170 
35,676 

9,227 
21,676 

2,689 

56,192 
45,502 
88,197 


66,464 
24,403 
28,065 
32,075 
4,087 
23,234 

166,674 
24,133 
104,229 

192,104 
148,501 
145, 107 
172,310 
161,022 

122,104 
133,003 
192,286 
63,212 
67,964 
79,260 
111,106 

6,178 
33,519 
118 
133,664 
75,978 
145,320 
64,350 
98,628 
35,399 

170,332 
144, 125 
103,929 
92,066 

106,649 
52,989 
85,404 

195,863 

23,365 
27, 169 

9,779 
36,993 
33,398 

8,203 
19, 762 

2,175 

47,506 
37,796 
66,632 


15,016 
104.271 
303,597 
342,618 
510,429 
528,738 
497.585 
19,090 
32,733 


2,663 
l,-879 
4,008 
2,979 
964 
2,632 

44,872 
8,294 
51,106 

77,188 
64,687 
104,379 
32,689 
24,054 

32,811 
82,115 
82,968 
10,664 
19,231 
49,441 
66,396 

4,535 
14,416 
84 
48,729 
19,835 
107,287 
111,221 
190,980 
13,342 

87,860 
101,061 
158,326 
181,491 

107,266 

66,607 

104, 137 

219,575 

2,344 
3,188 

897 
8,390 
1,967 

861 
1,720 

333 

7,726 
6,869 
18,148 


Man- 
agers. 


58,104 


5,379 
9,072 
10,848 
8,384 
8,298 
3,290 
4, 
2,912 
6,226 


999 
681 
636 
1,863 
261 
949 

4,061 
1,060 
3,961 

2,763 
2,297 
2,386 
1,961 
1,451 

1,222 

1,926 

2,001 

484 

429 

987 

1,335 

123 

988 

16 

1,626 

872 
1,118 

863 
1,419 
1,275 

993 
826 
646 
825 

763 

950 

651 

2,332 

605 
450 
311 
787 
321 
163 
194 
181 

961 

847 

3,417 


NATIVE  WHITE  FARM   OPERATORS. 


Total,  i  Owners.! Tenants.  ?^?°" 
agers. 


4,771,063  3,162,5841,558,392 


161,009 
419,342 
929,619 
8.30,642 
748,878 
712,443 
692,624 
143,991 
132,515 


55,014 
24,347 
28,968 
28,431 
4,408 
19,841 

187,629 
28,796 
204,917 

262,645 
204,951 
217,053 
147,790 
107,180 

74,710 
167,866 
250,111 
35,750 
49,360 
93,509 
150,346 

9,504 
40,669 
168 
134, 166 
95,138 
187,667 
79,424 
168,083 
34,080 

245, 499 
206,821 
151,214 
108,909 

148,627 

63,236 

161,773 

318,988 

18,165 
24,694 

9,019 
37,198 
32,088 

5,218 
15,948 

1,661 

37,770 
35,819 
58,926 


144,212 
316,426 
646,032i 
534,260 
486, 1341 
447,80S| 
367,128 
125,426 
106,158 


51,798 
22,143 
24,789 
24,857 
3,466 
17, 'ISO 

144,850 

18,833 

152,743 

176,602 
139,869 
123,907 
118,660 
87,004 

62,427 
96,616 
177,620 
29,082 
36,011 
62,357 
89,148 

6,448 
28.047 
82 
90,862 
74,074 
123,510 
43,834 
82,634 
27,043 

162,736 
132,710 
85,734 
66,628 

89,839 
40,815 
68,564 
167,910 

15,966 
21,514 

7,965 
29,801 
30,046 

4,410 
14,380 

1,325 

31,163 
29,215 
45,780 


12,395 
95,030 
274, 112 
289,255 
256,412 
261,650 
331,233 
16,079 
22,226 


2,286 
1,612 
3,603 
2,173 
743 
1,978 

39,389 
7,137 
iS,604 

73,598 
62,878 
91,014 
27,609 
10,013 

21,446 
67,547 
79,609 
6,352 
14,024 
40,296 
69,981 

3,966 
11,797 
76 
32,884 
19,606 
63,115 
34,862 
84, 167 

5,950 

81,837 
73,347 
64,894 
41,572 

58,081 
21,587 
92,607 
158,958 

1,771 
2,781 

795 
6,711 
1,742 

683 
1,404 

192 

5,838 
5,883 
10,505 


50,087 

4,402 
7,886 
9,475 
7,127 
7,332 
2,985 
4,263 
2.486 
4,131 


930 
502 
576 
1,401 
199 
704 

3,390 

826 

3,670 

2,646 
2,204 
2,132 
1,521 
1,073 

837 

1,694 

1, 

316 

325 

866 

1,217 

100 

826 

11 

1,409 

858 
1,032 

738 
1,282 
1,087 

926 
764 
586 
709 

707 

834 

602 

2,120 

409 
399 
259 
686 
.300 
125 
164 
144 


721 
2,641 


FOREIGN-BORN  WHITE  FARM 
OPERATORS. 


Total. 


669,556: 


27, 451 

47,070 

188,153 

269,442 

7,141 

4,819 

41,501 

31,427 

62,546i 


4,973 
2,691 
3, 721 
8,362 
843 
6,861 

27,029 
6,215 
13,832 

17,450 
0,729 
33,394 
68,224 
60,360 

81,134 
48,987 
14,467 
37,867 
25,476 
36,707 
26,804 

410 

1,882 

37 

1,749 

839 

412 

212 

385 

1,215 

'  1,966 

883 

1,244 

736 

2,458 
2,431 

7,748 
28,864 

6,853 
5,708 
1,903 
8,398 
1,440 

806 
5,452 

867 

17,297 

9,056 

26,193 


Own- 
ers. 


Ten-    Man- 
ants.  I  agers. 


NEGRO  AND  OTHER  NONWHITE 
FARM  OPERATORS. 


644,917118,166   6,473 


23,925 

.37, 190 

159,104 

217,317 

6,059 

3,907 

26,008 

27,743 

43,658 


4,631 
2,338 
3,259 
7,109 
692 
6,996 

21,010 
5,036 
11,146 

14,289 
8,100 
20,411 
62,865 
63,370 

69,483 
34,252 
12,556 
33,403 
20,237 
26,524 
20,862 

324 

1,522 

28 

1,574 

746 

367 

144 

296 

1,058 

1,667 
716 

1,113 
412 

2,148 

1,449 

5,690 

16,721 

6,213 
6,312 
1,753 
6,726 
1,231 
644 
5,166 


16,641 
8,103 
19,914 


2,568 

8,766 

27,750 

60,944 

836 

856 

15,291 

3,280 

7,875 


274 
265 
403 
795 
199 
632 

5,366 

073 

2,427 

2,961 
1,491 
12, 747 
4,928 
6,603 

11,268 
14,505 
1,833 
4,298 
5,142 
9,053 
4,846 


284 
6 

139 
86 
33 
64 
75 
70 

262 
157 
123 
314 

300 

943 

2,036 

12,012 

547 
345 
99 
1,572 
192 
135 
257 
133 

1,475 

835 

5,566 


958 
1,114 
1,299 
1,181 

246 
50 

202 

404 
1,013 


88 
69 

458 
52 

233 

647 
207 
260 

180 
78 
236 
431 
374 

383 
230 

78 
166 

97 
130 

97 

7 
76 

3 
36 

7 
12 

4 
14 
87 

27 
11 

8 
10 

10 
39 
22 
131 

93 
51 
51 
100 
17 
27 
20 
36 

181 
118 
714 


Total. 


920,883 


241,221 


342 

1,961 

5,717 

9,864 

355,862 

325,218; 

209,061 

8,028 

4,830 


29 
16 
20 

124 
41 

113 

939 
476 
546 

1,950 
805 

1,425 
946 
691 

293 

201 
3,666 

743 
2,808 

462 
1, 

922 

6,372 

12 

48, 114 

708 

65,650 

96,798 

122,559 

14,721 

11,730 
38,308 
110,443 
164,737 

63,593 
54,879 
20,671 
69,918 

1,196 

405 

65 

574 

2,148 

3,2a3 

276 

161 

1,126 

627 

3,078 


Own-     Ten-     Man- 
ors,      ants,    agers. 


271 

1,414 

3,908 

7,369 

101,961 

58,737 

57,769 

7,675 

2,117 


678,118   1,544 


25 
12 
17 
109 
29 
79 

808 
265 
341 

1,313 
472 

789 
785 
549 

194 

136 
2,109 

727 
2,736 

369 
1, 

406 

3,960 

8 

32,228 

658 

21,443 

20,372 

15,698 

7,298 

5,929 
10,700 
17,082 
26,026 

14,662 
10,725 
11,150 
21,232 

1,167 

343 

61 

466 

2,121 

3,149 

216 

162 

701 

478 


52 

475 

1,735 

2,419 

253, 181 

266,232 

151,061 

331 

2,632 


3 
2 
2 
11 
12 
22 

117 
184 
174 

609 
318 

618 
152 
38 

97 
63 
1,516 
14 
65 
92 
672 

600 

2,335 

3 

16,706 

143 

44, 139 

76,296 

106,738 

7,322 

5,761 
27,557 
93,309 
139,606 


44,077 
9,494 
48,605 


413 

141 

2,078 


298 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Table  13  brings  out  the  fact  that  in  each  of  the 
geographic  divisions  except  New  England  a  larger 
proportion  of  the  foreign-born  white  farmers  than  of 
the  native  white  own  their  farms,  the  percentages  for 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  in  1910  being,  respec- 
tively, 81.4  and  66.3.  This  difference  is  largely  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  foreign-born  white  farmers  are  on  the 
average  considerably  older  than  the  native  white. 
Most  of  the  former  have  been  in  this  country  a  good 
many  years,  as  comparatively  few  of  the  more  recent 
immigrants  have  gone  to  the  farms.  A  large  propor- 
tion of  the  native  white  tenants  consist  of  young  men, 


sons  of  farmers,  who  have  only  recently  begun  the 
independent  operation  of  farms,  and  who  expect  to 
buy  land  later.  In  the  country  as  a  whole  the  pro- 
portion of  owners  is  very  much  lower  among  colored 
farmers  (26.2  per  cent  in  1910)  than  among  either  the 
native  white  or  the  foreign-born  white ;  but  there  is 
a  great  difference  in  this  respect  between  the  South 
and  the. rest  of  the  country. 

Number  of  farmers,  classified  by  color:  1910  and  1900. — 
Table  15  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  for  1910  and 
1900,  the  number  of  farm  operators  who  were  whites, 
negroes,  Indians,  Chinese,  and  Japanese,  respectively. 


Table  15 

ALL  FARM 
OPERATORS. 

■WHITE  FARM 
OPERATORS. 

COLORED  FARM  OPERATORS. 

DIVISION. 

Total. 

Negroes. 

Indians. 

Chinese. 

Japanese. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

XTnlted  States 

6,361,502 

188,802 

468,379 

1, 123, 489 

1,109,948 

1,111,881 

1,042,480 

943,186 

183,446 

189,891 

5,737,372 
191,888 
485,618 
1,135,823 
1,060,744 
%2,225 
903,313 
754,853 
101,327 
141,581 

5,440,619 

188,460 
466,418 
1, 117, 772 
1,100,084 
756,019 
717, 262 
734,125 
175, 418 
185,061 

4,969,608 

191,594 
483,772 
1,129,810 
1,049,857 
673,354 
635,418 
570,949 
96,521 
138,333 

920, 883 

342 

1,961 

5,717 

9,864 

355,862 

325, 218 

209,061 

8,028 

4,830 

767,764 

294 

1,846 

6,013 

10,887 

288,871 

267,895 

183,904 

4,806 

3,248 

893,384 

310 

1,310 

4,843 

5,603 

354,530 

324,885 

201, 422 

218 

263 

746,715 

264 

1,497 

5,179 

7,076 

287,933 

267,530 

176,899 

133 

204 

24,237 

32 

638 

870 

4,238 

1,303 

332 

7,584 

7,524 

1,716 

19,910 

29 

337 

830 

3,807 

935 

365 

6,989 

4,551 

2,067 

760 

■■5' 
2 
2 

13 
1 

10 

91 
636 

1,100 

1 

12 
4 
4 
3 

2,502 

39 

8 

2 

21 

16 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

Kast  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

16 
122 
938 

45 

195 

2,215 

Mountain 

Pacific 

39 

In  the  country  as  a  whole  the  number  of  negro 
farmers  increased  much  more  rapidly  between  1900 
and  1910  than  that  of  white  farmers,  the  respective 
percentages  of  increase  being  19.6  and  9.5.  Only  1.4 
per  cent  of  all  the  negro  farmers  in  1910  were  outside 
of  the  three  divisions  constituting  the  South,  and  it 
is  noteworthy  that  the  number  in  the  North  was 
smaller  in  1910  than  in  1900.     The  number  of  Chinese 


and  Japanese  farmers  at  both  censuses  was  small,  but 
the  latter  made  a  remarkable  increase  during  the  dec- 
ade, while  the  former  fell  off  considerably  in  number. 
Country  of  birth  of  white  farmers:  1910. — Table  16 
shows,  for  1910,  by  geograpliic  divisions,  the  number 
of  white  farm  operators  born  in  each  of  the  leading 
countries  from  which  the  United  States  receives 
immigrants. 


Table  16 


WHITE  FARM  OPERATORS. 


Total. 


XTnlted  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


5,440,619 

188,460 
466,418 
1,117,772 
1,100,084 
756,019 
717, 262 
734,125 
175,418 
185,061 


Bom  in 
United 
States. 


4,763,266 

160,196 
417, 730 
927,524 
829,467 
748,411 
712, 116 
691,971 
143,699 
132, 142 


Born  ita  foreign  countries. 


Total. 


669,556 

27,451 
47,076 
188,153 
269,442 
7,141 
4,819 
41,501 
31,427 
52,546 


Austria. 


843 
1,868 
6,874 
14, 761 
344 
121 
6,173 
1,021 
1,331 


Hun- 
gary. 


3,827 

248 
538 
840 
1,394 
165 
62 
264 
147 
169 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 


Total. 


England. 


39,728 

2,429 
5,716 
10,332 
8,805 
1,134 
467 
1,558 
4,932 
4,356 


Ireland. 


33,480 

3,751 

7,103 

7,466 

9,094 

633 

467 

781 

1,484 

2,701 


Scot- 
land. 


10,220 

714 

999 

2,080 

2,786 

313 

120 

417 

1,362 

1,429 


Wales. 


4,110 

198 

652 

922 

1,265 

61 

18 

97 

562 

335 


France. 


5,832 

306 

668 

1,353 

1,173 

112 

108 

650 

355 

1,107 


Oermany. 


221,800 

2,481 
15,601 
79,813 
87,935 

2,635 

1,920 
15,420 

5,147 
10,848 


United  states 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


Born  in  foreign  countries— Continued. 


Holland, 


13,790 

75 

1,143 

6,710 

4,827 

52 

26 

139 

393 

425 


Italy. 


10,614 

652 

2,370 

654 

404 

214 

392 

2,089 

1,067 

2,772 


Russia. 


25,788 

1,169 
1,919 
1,941 
16,245 
143 
44 
1,686 
1,058 
1,583 


Poland. 


7,228 

372 

411 

3,466 

2,179 

69 

27 

662 

47 

95 


Scandinavian  countries. 


Total. 


155,670 

2,278 

2,908 

32,660 

96,476 

407 

382 

2,276 

8,407 

10,877 


Den- 
mark. 


28,376 

390 

563 

5,739 

14,846 

124 

73 

491 

3,097 

3,062 


Norway. 


Sweden. 


59,742 

141 

109 

13,330 

41,015 

93 

64 

404 

1,683 

2,903 


67,463 

1,747 

2,246 

13,491 

39,614 

190 

245 

1,381 

3,627 

4,912 


Switzer- 
land. 


14,333 

207 

895 

4,062 

3,863 

247 

391 

712 

1,023 

2,933 


Other 
Euro- 
pean 
coun- 
tries. 


17,689 

948 

379 

4,527 

5,331 

75 

84 

842 

593 

4,910 


Canada. 


61,878 

10,611 

3,807 

24,262 

13,356 

443 

148 

847 

3,038 

5,366 


All 
Other 
coun- 
tries.* 


10,333 

169 
99 
291 
549 
94 
42 
6,988 
791 
1,310 


Coun- 
try of 
bfrth 
not  re- 
ported. 


7,807 

813 

1,612 

2,095 

1,175 

467 

327 

653 

292 

373 


I  Includes  those  born  at  sea. 


COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS. 


299 


The  foreign  countries  which  have  contributed  the 
largest  number  of  farm  operators  to  the  United  States 
are  Germany,  Sweden,  Canada,  Norway,  England, 
Ireland,  Austria,  Denmark,  and  Russia,  in  the  order 
named.  It  should  be  noted  that  this  order  by  no 
means  corresponds  to  the  order  in  which  the  various 
foreign  countries  have  contributed  to  the  total  popula- 
tion of  the  United  States. 

The  immigrants  from  certain  countries,  notably 
Ireland,  Italy,  and  Russia,  have  nearly  all  gone  into 
pursuits  other  than  agricultural. 

Color  and  tenure  of  farmers  in  the  South:  1910  and 
1900. — On  account  of  the  large  number  of  colored 
farmers  in  the  South,  more  detailed  statistics  regarding 
the  two  principal  race  groups  are  presented  for  that 
section  than  for  the  North  and  West. 

Table  17  shows,  for  the  South  as  a  whole  and  for 
each  of  the  geographic  divisions  composing  it,  the 
number,  total  and  improved  acreage,  and  value  of 
land  and  buildings  in   1910  and  1900,  for  farms  of 


white  and  colored  farmers,  respectively,  with  a  further 
classification  according  to  tenure.  It  also  shows, 
by  percentages,  the  distribution  of  the  respective 
totals  between  the  two  color  groups  and  among  the 
six  subgroups  formed  by  combination  of  the  tenure 
classification  with  that  according  to  color. 

In  the  South  as  a  whole  in  1910  white  farmers  con- 
stituted 71.3  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  farmers 
and  colored  farmers  28.7  per  cent.  Of  the  total  farm 
acreage,  however,  88  per  cent  was  in  farms  operated 
by  white  and  12  per  cent  in  farms  operated  by  colored 
farmers;  and  of  the  improved  land  in  farms,  81.6  per 
cent  was  in  farms  operated  by  white  farmers  and  18.4 
per  .cent  in  farms  operated  by  colored  farmers. 

Whites  constituted  a  smaller  proportion  of  the  total 
number  *of  farmers  and  the  farms  operated  by  them 
contained  a  smaller  proportion  of  the  total  land  in 
farms  in  1910  than  in  1900,  but  there  was  no  change 
in  the  proportion  of  improved  land  in  farms  operated 
by  the  two  race  groups. 


Table  17 


DIVISION   AND  CLASS  OF 
OPEKATOB. 


THE  SOUTH... 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmere: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Sontb  Atlantic 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants , 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

East  Sontb  Central 
White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

West  South  Central 
White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910 


3,097,547 


2,207,40fi 

1,326,044 

15,084 

866,278 

890, 141 

218, 467 

1,200 

670,474 


1,111,881 

756,019 

491, 193 

7,578 

257,248 

355,862 

101,961 

720 

253,181 

1,042,480 

717,262 

451,715 

3,041 

262,506 

325,218 

58,737 

249 

266,232 

943,186 

734,125 

383,136 

4,465 

346,524 

209,061 

57,769 

231 

151,061 


1900 


2,620,391 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


SM,  462, 980 


1,879,721 

1,183,806 

17,172 

678,743 

740,670 

186,676 

1,593 

552,401 


962,225 

673,354 

442,396 

8,145 

222,813 

288,871 

85, 116j 

970! 

202,785 

903,313 

635,418 

413,775 

4,372 

217,271 

267,895 

49,911 

324 

217,660 

754,853 

570,949 

327,635 

4,655 

238,659 

183,904 

51,649 

299 

131,956 


862, 036, 861 


IMPROVED  LAND  IN 
FARMS  (ACRES). 


1910 


160,690,852 


323,424,3051  122,055,109 

209,756,4841  79,582,541 

50,877,426  3,126,093 

62,790,3951  40,246,475 


42,609,117  38,612,046 

15,691,536  13,358,684 

349,7791  428,518 

26,667,802!  24,824,844 


103,782,255 

86,106,873 

63,483,405 

3,219,019 

19,404,449 

17,675,382 

5,646,378 

145,371 

11,883,633 

81,520,629 

67,924,912 

52,592,020 

1,527,107 

13, 805, 785 

13,595,717 

4,539,952 

76,360 

8,979,405 

169,149,976 

157,811,958 
98,848,268 
19,570,123 
39,393,567 

11,338,018 

5,505,206 

128,048 

5,704,764 


104,297,506 

88,660,241 
64,498,437 
3,260,530 
20,901,274 

15,637,265 

4,427,439 

201,074 

11,008,752 

81,247,643 

68,626,325 

53,543,623 

1,563,062 

13,519,640 

i 

12,621,318 

3,837,853 

60,388 

8,723,077 

176,491,202 

166, 137, 739 

■  91,714,424 

46,053,834 

28,369,481 

10,353,463 

5,093,392 

167,056 

5,093,015 


27,735,743 

7,531,119 

108,249 

20,096,375 


48,479,733 

37,489,664 

26,148,320 

1,167,797 

10,173,547 

10,990,069 

2,695,947 

61,287 

8,232,835 

43,946,846 

34,390,317 

25,170,277 

552,554 

8,667,486 

9,556,529 

2,213,645 

26,237 

7,316,647 

58,264,273 

51,075,128 

28,263,944 

1,405,742 

21,405,442 

7, 189, 145 

2,621,527 

20,725 

4,546,893 


1900 


126,108,083 


102,893,486 
69,940,143 
3,051,584 
29,901,759 

23,214,607 

6,026,805 

127, 742 

17,060,060 


46,100,226 

37,204,364 

25,700,843 

1,220,873 

10,282,648 

8,895,862 

2,099,232 

66,764 

6,729,866 

40,237,337 

32,045,709 

23,660,079 

614,397 

7,771,233 

8,191,628 

1,714,020 

25,866 

6,451,742 

39,770,530 

33,643,413 

20,579,221 

1,216,314 

11,847,878 

6, 127, 117 

2,213,553 

35, 112 

3,878,452 


VALUE  OF  LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


17,353,431,195 


6,453,298,861 

4,223,935,087 

367,948,147 

1,861,415,627 

900,132,334 

272,992,238 

10,371,949 

616, 768, 147 


1900 


83,279,021,609 


2,898,740,541 

1,947,821,958 

220,573,860 

730,344,723 

380,280,968 

106,019,328 

5,544,310 

268,117,330 


2,486,436,474 

2,118,729,406 

1,487,725,662 

119,811,609 

511, 192, 135 

367,707,068 

105,568,619 

5,727,681 

256,410,768 

1,738,397,839 

1,458,730,081 

1,064,815,312 

45,025,391 

348,889,378 

279,667,758 

70,937,214 

2,572,270 

206, 158i  274 

3,128,596,882 

2,875,839,374 

1,671,394,113 

203,  111, 147 

1,001,334,114 

252,757,508 

96, 486, 405 

2,071,998 

154, 199, 105 


1,206,349,618 

1,072,961,860 
741,156,350 
60,596,740 
271, 208, "70 

133,387,758 

36,982,908 

2,937,580 

93,467,270 

933,780,823 

802,327,213 
588,037,473 
26,246,880 
188,042,8601 

131,453,610 

28,539,910 

1,282,910! 

101,630,7901 

1, 138, 891, 068< 

1,023,451,468 
618,628,135! 
133,730,240 
271,093,093 

115,439,6001 

41,096,510 

1,323,820 

73,019,270! 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Number 
of  farms. 


1910  1900 


100.0 


71.3 
42.8 
0.5 
28.0 

28.7 

7.1 

(>) 

21.6 


100.0 

68.0 
44.2 
0.7 
23.1 

32.0 
9.2 
0.1 

22.8 

100.0 


43.3 
0.3 
25.2 

31.2 

5.6 
(1) 
25.5 

100.0 

77.8 
40.6 
0.5 
36.7 

22.2 
6.1 
(1) 
16.0 


100.0 


71.7 
45.2 
0.7 
25.9 

28.3 
7.1 
0.1 

21.1 


100.0 

70.0 
46.0 
0.8 
23.2 

30.0 
8.8 
0.1 

21.1 

100.0 

70.3 
45.8 
0.5 
24.1 

29.7 

5.5 

(') 

24.1 

100.0 

75.6 
43.4 
0.6 
31.6 

24.4 
6.8 
(») 
17.5 


All  land 
In  farms. 


1910  1900 


100.0 


100.0 


88.0  89.3 
60.6;  57.9 

6.9    14.1 
20.5    17.3 

1 
12.0    10.7 

4. 4     3. 7 

0.  1     0.  1 

7.5 


100.0 

83.0 
61.2 
3.1 

18.7 

17.0 
5.4 
0.1 

11.5 

100.0 

83.3 

64.5 

1.9 

16.9 

16.7 
5.6 
0.1 

11.0 

100.0 

93.3 
58.4 
11.6 
23.3 

6.7 
3.3 
0.1 
3.4 


Improved 
land  in 

farms. 


1910  1900 


100.0 


81.6 
52.8 
2.1 
26.7 

18.4 
5.0 
0.1 

13.3 


100. 0 100. 0 


85.0 

61.8 

3.1 

20.0 

15.0 
4.2 
0.2 

10.6 

100.0 

84.5 

65.9 

1.9 

16.6 

15.5 
4.7 
0.1 

10.7 

100.0 

94.1 
52.0 
26.1 
16.1 

5.9 
2.9 
0.1 
2.9 


77.3 
53.9 
2.4 
21.0 

22.7 
5.6 
0 

17.0 

100.0 

78.3 

57.3 

1.3 

19.7 

21.7 
5.0 
0.1 

16.6 

100.0 

87.7 
48.5 
2.4 
36 

12.3 
4.5 

(>) 
7.8 


Value  of 
land  and 
buildings. 


1910, 1900 


100. 0100.0 


81.6 
55.5 
2.4 
23.7 

18.4 
4.8 
0.1 

13.5 


100.0 

80.7 
55.7 
2.6 
22.3 

19.3 
4.6 
0.1 

14.6 

100.0 

T9.6 

68.8 

1.5 

19.3 

20.4 
4.3 
0.1 

16.0 

100.0 

84.6 
51.7 
3.1 
29.8 

15.4 
5.6 
0.1 


87.8 
57.4 
5.0 
25.3 

12.2 
3.7 
0, 
8.4 


100.0 

85.2 
59. 
4.8 
20.6 

14.8 
4.2 
0.2 

10.3 

100.0 

83.9 
61.3 
2.6 
20.1 

16.1 
4.1 
0.1 

11.9 

100.0 

91.9 
53.4 
6.5 
32.0 

8.1 
3.1 
0.1 
4.9 


100.0 


88.4 
59.4 
6.7 
22.3 

11.6 
3.3 
0.2 

8.2 


100.0 


61.4 
5.0 
22.5 

11.1 
3.1 
0.2 

7.7 

100.0 

85.9 
63.0 
2.8 
20.1 

14.1 
3.1 
0.1 

10.9 

100.0 

89.9 
54.3 
11.7 
23.8 

10.1 
3.6 
0.1 
6.4 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Table  18,  on  the  following  page,  shows  percentages 
of  increase  based  on  the  preceding  table. 

The  number  of  colored  farmers  in  the  South 
increased  20.2  per  cent  during  the  decade  1900  to 
1910,  as  compared  with  an  increase  of  17.4  per  cent 


in  the  number  of  white  farmers.  The  acreage  of  land 
in  farms  operated  by  white  farmers  decreased  some- 
what in  each  geographic  division  of  the  South,  wliile 
the  acreage  in  farms  operated  by  colored  farmers 
increased  in  each  of  the  three  divisions,  the  percentages 


300 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


ranging  from  7.7  to  13.  In  the  South  as  a  whole 
the  value  of  land  and  buildings  of  farms  operated 
by  wliite  farmers  increased  122.6  per  cent  during  the 
decade,  as  compared  with  an  increase  of  136.7  per 
cent  for  farms  operated  by  colored  farmers;  in  the 
West  South  Central  division,  however,  the  percentage 
of  increase  was  higher  fof  farms  of  white  farmers  than 
for  those  of  colored  farmers. 


The  number  of  tenants  in  the  Sodth,  both  white 
and  colored  increased  more  rapidly  between  1900  and 
1910  than  the  number  of  farm  owners.  In  the  case 
of  farms  operated  by  white  farmers,  the  total  acreage, 
improved  acreage  and  value  of  land  and  buildings 
also  increased  more  rapidly  for  tenant  farms  than  for 
those  operated  by  owners,  while  the  opposite  was  true 
of  farms  operated  by  colored  farmers. 


Table  18 

PER 

CENT  OF  INCREASE : '  1900  TO  1910 

DIVISION  AND  CLASS  OF 
OPERATOR. 

Number  of  farms. 

All  land 

in  farms. 

Improved  land  in  farms. 

Value  of  land  and  buildings. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Man- 
agers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Man- 
agers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Man- 
agers. 

Ten-    i 
ants. 

Total. 

Own- 
ers. 

Man- 
agers. 

Ten- 
ants. 

The  South : 

White  farmers 

Colored  farmers 

17.4 
20.2 

12.0 
17.0 

-12.2 
-24.7 

27.6 
21.4 

-^3.6 
10.4 

2.5 
17.6 

-52.2 
-18.4 

15.6 
7.0 

19.5 
19.5 

13.8 
25.0 

2.4 
-16.3 

I 

34.6  1 
17.8  j 

122:6 
136.7 

116.9 
156.0 

66.8 
87.1 

154.9 
130.0 

South  Atlantic: 

12.3 
23.2 

12.9 
21.4 

28.6 
13.7 

11.0 
19.8 

9.2 
17.7 

16.9 
11.8 

-7.0 
-25.8 

-30.4 
-23.1 

-4.1 

-22.7 

15.5 
24.9 

20.8 
22.3 

,     45.2 
14.5 

-2.9 
13.0 

-1.0 

7. 7 

-5.0 
9.5 

.-1.6 
27.5 

-1.8 
18.3 

7.8 
8.1 

-1.3 

-27.7 

-2.3 
26.4 

-57.5 
-23.4 

-7.2 
7.9 

2.1 
2.9 

38.9 
12.0 

0.8 
23.5 

7.3 
16.7 

51.8 
17.3 

1.7 
28.4 

6.4 
29.1 

37.3 
18  4 

-4.3 
-8.2 

-10.1 
1.4 

15.6 
-41.0 

-1.1  1 
22.3 

11.5 
13.4 

80.7 
17.2 

97.5 
175.7 

81.8 
112.8 

181.0 
119.0 

100.7 
185.5 

81.1 
148,6 

170.2 
134.8 

97.7 
95.0 

71.5 
100.5 

51.9 
56.5 

88.5 

Colored  farmers 

174.3 

East  South  Central: 

White  farmers 

85.5 

Colored  farmers 

102.9 

West  South  Central: 

Whiite  farmers 

269.4 

Colored  farmers 

111.2 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


In  Table  19  the  number,  total  and  improved  acre- 
age, and  value  of  land  and  buildings  of  farms  operated 
by  white  farmers  are  distributed  by  percentages 
among  the  three  tenure  classes,  and  a  corresponding 
distribution  is  made  for  the  farms  operated  by  colored 
farmers.  The  percentages  therefore  have  a  different 
significance  from  those  shown  in  Table  17.  and  afford 
a  more  convenient  means  of  comparing  conditions 
among  the  white  and  the  colored  farmers. 

In  1910,  60.1  per  cent  of  the  white  farmers  in  the 
South  as  a  whole  were  owners,  as  against  24.5  per 
cent  of  the  colored  farmers.  The  proportion  of  the 
total  farm  acreage  wliich  was  in  farms  operated  by 
owners  was  68.9  per  cent  for  farms  operated  by  white 
farmers  and  36.8  per  cent  for  those  operated  by  col- 
ored farmers. 

The  changes  between  1900  and  1910  with  regard  to 
the  number,  acreage,  and  value  of  farms  operated  by 
the  two  race  groups,  respectively,  in  the  South  Atlantic 
and  East  South  Central  divisions  were  quite  different 
from  those  in  the  West  South  Central  division. 

In  the  South  as  a  whole  among  both  white  and 
colored  farm  operators,  owners  reported  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  total  farm  acreage  in  1910  than  in 
1900.  In  the  case  of  wliite  farmers  the  proportion 
of  land  in  tenant  farms  also  increased,  wliile  there  was 
a  marked  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  land  in  farms 
operated  by  white  managers  (mainly  due  to  a  large 
decrease  in  the  West  South  Central  division).  In  the 
case  of  colored  farmers  however  the  proportion  of 
land  which  was  in  tenant  farms  was  lower  in  1910 
than  in  1900. 


Table  19 

PEE 

CENT 

OF  TOTAL. 

DIVISION  .VND  CLASS  OF 
OPERATOR. 

Number  of 
farms. 

All  land 
in  farms. 

Improved 
land  in 
farms. 

Value  of 
land  and 
buildings. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

THE  SOTTTH 

White  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

60.1 

0.7 

39.2 

100.0 

24.6 

0.1 

76.8 

100.0 

63.0 

0.9 

36.1 

100.0 
25.2 
0.2 
74.6 

100.0 
68.9 
7.8 
23.3 

100.0 

36.8 

0.8 

62.4 

100.0 
64.9 
15.7 
19.4 

100.0 

34.6 

1.1 

64.3 

100.0 
64.7 
2.5 
32.7 

100.0 

27.2 

0.4 

72.6 

100.0 
68.0 
3.0 
29.1 

100.0 

26.0 

0.6 

73.5 

100  0 
65.5 
5.7 
28.8 

100.0 

30.3 

1.2 

68.5 

100.0 

Owners 

67.2 

Managers 

7.6 

Tenants 

25.2 

Colored  farmers: 

Total    

100.0 

28.6 

Managers 

1.5 

Tenants 

70.6 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

White  farmere: 

Total 

100.0 

65.0 

1.0 

34.0 

100.0 
28.7 
0.2 
71.1 

100.0 
63.0 
0.4 
36.6 

100.0 
18.1 
0.1 
81.9 

100.0 
52.2 
0.6 
47.2 

100.0 
27.6 
0.1 
72.3 

100.0 

65.7 

1.2 

33.1 

100.0 
29.5 
0.3 
70.2 

100.0 
65.1 
0.7 
34.2 

100.0 
18.6 
0.1 
81.2 

100.0 
57.4 
0.8 
41.8 

100.0 
28.1 
0.2 
71.8 

100.0 
73.7 
3.7 
22.5 

100.0 
31.9 
0.8 
67.2 

100.0 
77.4 
2.2 
20.3 

100.0 
33.4 
0.6 
66.0 

100.0 
62.6 
12.4 
25.0 

100.0 

48.6 

1.1 

50.3 

100.0 
72.7 
3.7 
23.6 

100.0 

28.3 

1.3 

70.4 

100.0 
78.0 
2.3 
19.7 

100.0 
30.4 
0.5 
69.1 

100.0 
55.2 
27.7 
17.1 

100.0 

49.2 

1.6 

49.2 

100.0 

69.7 

3.1 

27.1 

100.0 
24.5 
0.6 
74.9 

100.0 

73.2 

1.6 

25.2 

100.0 
23.2 
0.3 
76.6 

100.0 

55.3 

2.8 

41.9 

100.0 
36.5 
0.3 
63.2 

100.0 
69.1 
3.3 
27.6 

100.0 
23.6 
0.8 
75.7 

100.0 

73.8 

1.9 

24.3 

100.0 
20.9 
0.3 

78.8 

100.0 

61.2 

3.6 

35.2 

100.0 
36.1 
0.6 
63.3 

100.0 
70.2 
5.7 
24.1 

100.0 

28.7 

1.6 

69.7 

100.0 
73.0 
3.1 
23.9 

100.0 
25.4 
0.9 
73.7 

100.0 

58.1 

7.1 

34.8 

100.0 
38.2 
0.8 
61.0 

100.0' 

Owners 

69.1 

Managers 

5.6 

Tenants 

25.3 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

27.7 

Managers 

2.2 

Tenants 

70.1 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

73.3 

Managers 

3.3 

23.4 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

21.7 

Managers 

1.0 

Tenants 

77.3 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

Owners 

60.4 

13.1 

26.5 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

100.0 

35.6- 

1.1 

Tenants 

63.3; 

COLOR  AND  NATIVITY  OF  FARMERS. 


301 


Table  20  shows  the  average  total  and  improved 
acreage  per  farm,  the  average  value  of  land  and  build- 
ings per  farm  and  per  acre,  and  the  percentage  of  farm 
land  improved,  for  farms  classified  according  to  the 
color  and  tenure  of  the  farmer. 

In  the  South  as  a  whole  the  average  size  of  the  farms 
operated  by  white  farmers  in  1910  (141,3  acres)  was 
nearly  three  times  as  great  as  that  of  the  farms  oper- 
ated by  colored  farmers  (47.9  acres).  The  difference 
was  less  marked  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South 
Central  divisions  than  in  the  West  South  Central. 
The  farms  operated  by  white  owners  comprised  on  an 
average  162.1  acres,  and  those  operated  by  colored 
owners  71.8  acres,  while  the  farms  of  white  tenants 
averaged  83.8  acres  in  size  and  those  of  colored  tenants 
39.6  acres.  Between  1900  and  1910  the  average  size 
of  farms  operated  by  white  owners  decreased,  while 
that  of  farms  operated  by  colored  owners  increased. 
On  the  other  hand,  colored  tenants  as  well  as  white 
tenants  had  smaller  farms  in  1910  than  in  1900. 

While  the  farms  of  colored  farmers  are  smaller  than 
those  of  the  whites,  tiiey  consist  more  largely  of 
improved  land.  In  the  South  as  a  whole  in  1910  the 
proportion  of  improved  land  for  the  farms  of  white 
farmers  was  39.4  per  cent,  as  compared  with  65.1  per 
cent  for  the  farms  of  colored  farmers.  The  differences  in 
this  respect,  however,  are  less  conspicuous  when  farms 
of  similar  tenure  are  compared. 


In  the  South  as  a  whole  the  average  value  of  land 
and  buildings  per  acre  was  in  1910  higher  for  farms 
of  colored  farmers  than  for  those  of  white  farmers — 
$21.13  as  compared  with  $20.69.  This  is  the  effect 
of  conditions  in  the  West  South  Central  division,  the 
average  value  being  higher  for  farms  of  white 
farmers  in  the  other  two  divisions  of  the  South. 
Between  1900  and  1910  there  was  a  great  increase  in 
the  average  value  per  acre  in  the  case  of  farms  of  all 
three  classes  of  tenure  operated  by  farmers  of  both 
color  groups.  In  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South 
Central  divisions  the  relative  increases  were  in  most  cases 
somewhat  more  marked  for  farms  operated  by  colored 
farmers  than  for  those  operated  by  whites,  while  in  the 
West  South  Central  division  the  opposite  was  the  case. 

In  the  South  as  a  whole  the  average  value  of  land 
and  buddings  per  farm  in  1910  for  farms  operated  by 
white  farmers  was  $2,923,  or  nearly  three  times  the 
average  value  for  farms  operated  by  colored  farmers, 
which  was  $1,011.  The  percentage  of  increase  "be- 
tween 1900  and  1910,  however,  was  somewhat  greater 
in  the  average  value  for  farms  of  colored  farmers  than 
in  that  for  farms  of  white  fariners. 

Table  21,  on  the  next  page,  shows,  for  each  of  the 
Southern  states,  the  number,  total  and  improved  acre- 
age, and  value  of  land  and  buildings  of  farms  operated 
by  white  and  by  colored  farmers,  with  a  further  distinc- 
tion according  to  tenure. 


Table  20 

ATEEAOB  ACEX8  PER  PABM. 

PEE  CENT  OF  FABM 
LAND  IMPBOVED. 

AVEEAOE  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BOTLDINOS. 

DIVISION  AWD  CLASS  OF  OPEEATOE. 

All  land  in  farms. 

Improved  land  in  farms. 

Per  farm. 

Per 

acre. 

1»10 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

THE  SOTTTH 

White  farmers: 

Total 

141.3 

162.1 

1,<13.1 

8S.8 

47.9 
71.8 
Ml.  6 
39.6 

172.1 

177.2 

2,M2.8 

92.5 

U.1 

71.6 

869.0 

44.9 

65.7 
60.0 
207.2 
46.5 

31.2 
34.5 
90.2 
30.0 

64.7 
59.1 
177.7 
44.1 

31.8 
32.3 
80.2 
80.9 

39.4 
37.0 
12.0 
65.4 

65.1 
48.0 
30.9 
75.6 

31.8 

33.3 

6.0 

47.6 

60.1 
45.1 
29.8 
68.7 

82,923 
3,185 

24.393 
2,149 

1.011 

1.250 

8,643 

920 

$1,542 
1,645 

12,845 
1,076 

513 

571 

3,480 

486 

820.69 
19.65 
15.13 
25.64 

21.13 
17.40 
29.65 
23.21 

$8.96 

Owners        

9.29 

4.34 

11.63 

Colored  fanners; 

Total            

9.86 

7.98 

12.94 

10.80 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 
White  farmers: 

Total 

113.9 
129.2 
424.8 
76.4 

49.7 
65.4 
201.9 
46.9 

94.7 
116.4 
602.2 

52.6 

41.8 
77.3 
306.7 
33.7 

215.0 

258.0 

4,383.0 

113.7 

64.2 

95.3 

654.3 

37.8 

131.7 
145.8 
400.3 
93.8 

54.1 

52.0 

207.3 

64.3 

108.0 
129.4 
357.5 
62.2 

47.1 
76.9 
186.4 
40.1 

291.0 

279.9 

9,893. 4 

118.9 

56.3 

98.6 

558.7 

38.6 

49.6 
63.2 
154.1 
39.5 

30.9 
26.4 
85.1 
32.5 

47.9 
55.7 
181.7 
83.0 

29.4 
37.7 
105.4 
27.5 

69.6 

73.8 

314.8 

61.8 

34.4 
45.4 
89.7 
30.1 

55.3 
58.1 
149.9 
46.1 

30.8 
24.7 
68.8 
33.2 

50.4 
57.2 
140.5 
35.8 

30.6 
34.3 
79.8 
29.6 

58.9 

62.8 

261.3 

49.6 

33.3 

42.9 

117.4 

29.4 

43.5 
41.2 
36.3 
62.4 

62.2 
47.7 
42.2 
69.3 

50.6 
47.9 
36.2 
62.8 

70.3 
48.8 
34.4 
81.5 

32.4 
28.6 
7.2 
54.3 

63.4 
47.6 
16.2 
79.7 

42.0 
39.8 
37.4 
49.2 

56.9 
47.4 
33.2 
61.1 

46.7 
44.2 
39.3 
57.5 

64.9 
44.7 
42.8 
74.0 

20.3 
22.4 
2.6 
41.8 

59.2 
43.5 
21.0 
76.2 

2,802 
3,029 
15,810 
1,987 

1,033 
1,035 
7,955 
1,013 

2,034 
2,357 
14,806 
1,329 

860 
1,20S 
10,330 

774 

3,917 
4,362 
45,490 
2,890 

1,209 
1,670 
8,970 
1,021 

1,593 
1,675 
7,440 
1,217 

462 

435 

3,028 

461 

1,263 

1,421 

6,003 

865 

491 

572 

3,960 

467 

1,793 

1,888 

28,728 

1,136 

628 

796 

4,427 

553 

24.61 
23.43 
37.22 
26.34 

20.80 
18.70 
39.40 
21.58 

21.48 
20.25 
29.48 
25.27 

20.57 
15.63 
33.69 
22.96 

18.22 
16.91 
10.38 
25.42 

22.29 
17.53 
16.18 
27.03 

12.10 

11.49 

18.53 

12.98 

Colored  fanners: 

Total 

8.53 

8.35 

14.61 

8.49 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 
White  farmers: 

Total     

11.69 

10.98 

16.79 

Tenants       

13.91 

Colored  farmers: 

Total     

10.42 

7.44 

21.24 

Tenants     

11.65 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 
White  farmers: 

Total                            

6.16 

6.75 

2.90 

Tenants               

9.56 

Colored  farmers: 

Total  

11.15 

8.07 

7.92 

Tenants 

14.34 

302 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND   BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY 
COLOR  AND  TENURE  OF  OPERATOR,  FOR  THE  SOUTH,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  21 


STATE    AND    CLASS    OF 
OPERATOR. 


South  Atlantic 

DELAWARE. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MARYLAND. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

VIRGINIA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  fanners: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

GEORGIA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

FLORIDA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenonts 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910   1900 


9,914 

5,772 

107 

4,035 

922 

406 

16 

500 


42,551 

29,569 

901 

12,081 

6,372 

3,950 

87 

2,335 


205 
110 
14 
81 


135,904 

101,436 

1,445 

33,023 

48,114 

32,228 

180 

15,706 


95,977 

75,420 

865 

19,692 

708 

558 

7 

143 


188,069 

123,877 

1,044 

63,148 

65,656 

21,443 

74 

44,139 


79,636 

43,978 

732 

34,926 

96,798 

20,372 

131 

76.295 


168,468 

82,930 

1,296 

84,242 

122,559 

16,698 

123 

106,738 


35,295 

28,101 

1,174 

6,020 


4,348 

116 

4,405 

818 

332 

15 

471 


40,169 

26,251 

947 

12,971 

5,843 

3,262 

105 

2,476 


252 
128 

18 
106 

17 
5 


123,052 

87,589 

1,— 

33,566 

44,834 

26,566 

238 

18,030 


92, 132 

70,995 

1,046 

20,091 

742 

534 

8 

200 


169,773 

113,052 

936 

55,785 

54,864 

17,520 

121 

37,223 


69,954 

40,447 

874 

28,633 

85,401 

18,970 

180 

66,251 


141,865 

77,154 

1,394 

63,317 

82,826 

11,375 

208 

71,243 


27,288 

22,432 

917 

3,939 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


981,893 

463,212 

18,7" 

499,912 

56,973 

13,615 

2,395 

40,963 


4,698,623 

2,783,279 

193,930 

1,721,414 

358,517 

122,039 

13,361 

223,117 


5,968 
2,371 
1,452 
2,145 

95 

58 

4 

33 


17,257,416 

13,334,122 

630,340 

3,292,954 

2,238,220 

1,381,223 

29,985 

827,012 


9,991,901 

8,158,238 

283,847 

1,549,816 

34,541 

25,957 

655 

7,929 


19,253,325 

14,458,827 

563,385 

4,231,113 

3,185,804 

1,197,496 

18,992 

1,969,316 


9,571,652 

6,953,459 

504,958 

2, 113, 135 

3,940,476 

1,098,044 

42,454 

2,799,978 


19,861,362 

13,501,789 

751,571 

5,608,002 

7,092,051 

1,349,503 

27,651 

5,714,997 


4,484,833 

3,828,108 

270, 767 

385,958 


1900 


1,013,662 

411,390 

14,621 

587,651 

62,566 

12,373 

1,525 

38,668 


4,795,774 

2,698,151 

193,449 

1,904,174 

374,301 

101,491 

12,305 

260,505 


8,181 
2,779 
1," 
3,418 

308 
29 
21 

2.'58 


17,678,765 

12,786,864 

753,678, 

4,138,223j 

2,229,118! 

1,031, 331 1 

34,960 

1,162,827! 


10,612,929; 

8,503,6051 

357,465! 

1,761,869! 

41,684 

26,797| 

l,529i 

14,258 


19,794,218 

15,096,678' 

380,947 

4,316,693 

2,955,138 

965,452| 

39,603| 

1,950,183 


10,192,938 

7,265,012 

619,690 

2,308,336 

3,792,076 

962,667 

46,170 

2,783,239 


20,917,083 

14,623,145 

742,501 

5,661,437 

5,474,974 

924,262 

62,676 

4,498,036 


3,646,691 

3,110,913 

196,296 

339,483 


IMPROVED 
LAND  IN 
FARMS 

(acres). 


1910 


676,462 

312,803 

15,553 

348,106 

37,076 
9,274 
2,034 

25,768 


3,136,185 

1,806,918 

120,254 

1,209,013 

218,582 

76,564 

9,016 

133,003 


6,038 
2,  " 
1,259 
1,710 

96 

68 
4 
33 


8,758,850 

6,802,428 

306,482 

1,649,940 

1,111,208 

669,358 

14,046 

427,804 


5,501,500 

4,591,681 

133,232 

776,687 

20,267 

14,522 

602 

5,133 


7,082,344 

6,027,216 

164, 738 

1,900,390 

1,730,712 

512,567 

5,244 

1,212,901 


3,499,775 

2,261,431 

126,932 

1,111,412 

2,598,224 

539,347 

14,874 

2,044,003 


7,506,455 

4,286,899 

237, 134 

2,982,422 

4,791,562 

644,396 

11,216 

4,136,950 


1,323,055 

1,056,975 

72,213 

193,867 


value  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


$51,174,267 

26,627,616 

1,630,480 

22,916,271 

1,981,716 
547,651 
146,800 

1,288,365 


231,467,339 
128,886,932 
23,296,191 
79,286,216 

10,269,784 
3,924,773 
1,172,650 
5,172,461 


8,141,943 
2,231,400 
3,232,843 
2,677,700 

89,400 

48,400 

8,000 

33,000 


486,833,558 

374,781,761 

26,023,611 

86,028,186 

45,224,504 

28,059,634 

1,330,815 

15,834,155 


263,314,560 

207,256,207 

9,099,970 

46,958,383 

1,076,394 
738,261 
35,696 
302,438 


387,358,391 
282,624,002 
13,652,244 
91, 182, 145 

69,266,216 

22,810,089 

557,000 

45,899,127 


233,888,327 
163,591,021 
10,306,245 
59,992,061 

98,999,754 

22,112,291 

980,894 

75,906,569 


350,320,600 

219,080,866 

16,895,884 

114,343,850 

128.883,732 

20,640,910 

758,037 

107,684,786 


106,230,421 
82,746,967 
16,675,141 
7,808,323 


STATE    AND     CLASS    OF 
OPERATOR. 


South  Atlantic— Con. 

FLORIDA — continued . 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

East  South  Central 

KENTUCKY. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

TENNESSEE. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

ALABAMA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

MISSISSIPPI. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

West  South  Central 

ARKANSAS. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants , 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

LOUISIANA. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

OKLAHOMA.' 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

TEXAS. 

White  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 

Colored  farmers: 

Total 

Owners 

Managers 

Tenants 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910      1900 


14, 721 

7,298 

101 

7,322 


247,455 
164,403 
953 


11,730 

6,929 

40 

6.761 


207,704 

133,426 

775 

73,504 

38,308 

10,700 

51 

27,667 


152,468 

86,847 

694 

66,017 

110,443 

17,082 

62 

93,309 


109,645 

67,040 

719 

41,886 

164, 737 

26,026 

106 

139,605 


21, 


13,526 

6,552 

93 


223,429 

150,594 

1,543 

71,292 

11,238 

5,402 

63 

5,773 


190,728 

122,771 

1,204 

66,753 

33,895 

9,426 

82 

24,387 


129, 137 

79,362 

802 

48,973 

94,083 

14,110 

72 

79,901 


92,124 

61,048 

823 

30,253 

128, 679 

20,973 

107 

107,699 


131,711 

84,794 

739 

46, 178 

46,983 

11,941 

80 

34,962 


57,809 

38,323 

955 

18,531 

68,160 

9,378 

79 

48,703 


94,775 

50,018 

492 

44,265 

13,226 

10,191 

49 

2,985 


286,654 

154,500 

2,469 

129,686 

66,636 

20,139 

91 

45,306 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


768,705 

458,443 

9,974 

300,288 


21,748,350 

17,207,392 

310,942 

4,230,016 

440,777 

255,363 

4,318 

181,096 


18,435,579 

14,081,961 

317,247 

4,036,371 

1,606,078 

590,676 

17,682 

997,720 


16,640,877 

11,813,387 

349,285 

3,478,206 

6,091,4,36 

1,466,719 

17,482 

3,607,234 


12, 100, 106 

9,489,280 

649,633 

2,061,193 

6,467,427 

2,227,194 

36,878 

4, 193, 355 


14,762,762 

11,186,428 

322,093 

3,255,231 

2,653,323 

1,204,114 

6,093 

1,443,116 


8,316,160 

5,931,428 

965,381 

1,418,361 

2,124,321 

834, 695 

20,976 

1,268,650 


26,582,642 

14,397,140 

422,384 

11,763,118 

2,276,711 

1,599,655 

6,295 

670, 761 


108, 151, 404 
67,334,272 
17,860.265 
22,956,867 

4,283,663 

1,860,742 

94,684 

2,322,237 


1900 


IMPROVED 
LAND  IN 

FARMS 

(acres). 


717,200 

404,037 

12,385 

300,778 


21,531,566 

17,098,174 

353,312 

4,080, 

447,856 

236, 150 

8,907 

202,799 


18,791,962 

14,030,161 

371,788 

4,390,023 

1,550,096 

493,824 

11,966 

1,044,306 


15,965,260 

12,348,537 

347,089 

3,269,634 

4,720,167 

1,216,813 

14,212 

3, 489, 142 


12,337,637 

10,066,761 

490,873 

1,779,903 

6,903,199 

1,891,066 

25,303 

3,986,830 


14,333,097 

11,152,225 

304,644 

2,876,328 

2,303,622 

1,036,292 

14,906 

1, 253, 424 


8,711,079 

6,423,557 

954,06.5 

1,333,457 

2,348,048 

744,250 

19,656 

1,684,142 


21,128, 187 
10,685,337 
2,840,991 
7,601,859 

1,860,162 

1,653,094 

95,420 

211,638 


121,965,376 
63,4.53,305 
41,954,234 
16,557,837 

3,841,641 

1,760,756 

37,074 

2,043,811 


1910 


482,353 

229,861 

4,252 

248,240 


14,010,777 

10,900,955 

171,131 

2,938,691 

343,694 

185,789 

3,577 

154,328 


9,728,208 

7,111,807 

109,140 

2,507,261 

1,162,276 

349,692 

6,778 

805,806 


6,130,405 

3,944,413 

115,087 

2,070,905 

3.563,176 

675,819 

5,012 

2,882,345 


4,520,927 

3,213,102 

167, 196 

1,150,629 

4,487,383 

1,002,345 

10,870 

3,474,168 


6,303,048 

4,273,85'" 

109,631 

1,919,560 

1,773,206 

641,265 

3,068 

1,228,873 


3,809,409 

2,466,112 

406,396 

936,902 

1,466,607 

399,660 

8,047 

1,068,910 


16.378,618 

8,687,671 

175,443 

7,615,504 

1,172,819 

734, 594 

1,484 

436, 741 


24,584,153 
12,936,404 
714,273 
10,933,476 

2,776,513 

946,018 

8,126 

1,822,369 


value  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


$11,916,668 

6,786,810 

738,890 

4,389,868 


620,427,464 

457,684,135 

16,459,067 

146,284,262 

15,031,908 

7,154,168 

377,466 

7,500,285 


438,330,021 

320,187,872 

10,188,313 

107,953,836 

42,192,566 

12,179,780 

804,505 

29,208,281 


214,334,864 

149,586,796 

6,550,964 

68, 197, 104 

73,918,727 

17,285,502 

414. 729 

56,218,496 


185,637,732 
137,366,509 
11,827,047 
30, 454, 176 

148,524,667 

34,317,764 

975,581 

11.3,231,212 


240, 153, 704 
161,187,795 
10,201,748 
68,764,161 

69,013,109 

20,694,215 

238,916 

48,079,979 


192,610,792 
121,341,966 
29,298,223 
41, 970, 603 

44, 933, 668 

12,779,570 

604,071 

31,650,017 


601,455,431 

385,536,964 

8,612,109 

297,300,368 

47,221,793 

32,326,348 

136,462 

14,759,983 


1,751,019,447 
1,003,327,398 
15-1,999,067 
593,292,982 

91,588,948 

30,687,272 

1,092,660 

59,809,126 


1  Figures  for  190O  Include  Indian  Territory. 


FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SIZE. 


303 


FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SIZE. 


In  adopting  the  size  groups  into  which  farms  are 
classified,  the  Census  Bureau  has  taken  account  of  the 
fact  that  in  large  sections  of  the  country  the  boundaries 
of  very  many  of  the  farms  correspond  more  or  less 
closely  to  the  Government  surveys  of  public  land. 
The  Government  land  has  for  the  most  part  been  sold 
or  otherwise  disposed  of  in  quarter  sections,  containing 
160' acres  or  approximately  that  amount;  and  where 
these  have  been  broken  up  they  have  commonly  been 


subdivided  into  "quarter-quarters,"  or  40-acre  tracts. 
The  greater  number  of  farms,  therefore,  in  a  large 
part  of  the  country,  contain  either  160  acres  or  some 
other  multiple  of  40  acres. 

United  States  as  a  whole:  1910  and  1900. — Table 
22  shows,  for  1910  and  1900,  the  number  of  farms 
in  each  of  the  various  size  groups,  and  also  the  acre- 
age for  a  smaller  number  of  groups,  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole. 


Table  22 

mniBEE  OF  FAKIIS. 

ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS  (ACEES).                          I 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

SIZE  GROUP. 

1910 

1900 

Increase. 

1910 

1900 

Increase.' 

Number  of 
farms. 

All  land  in 
farms. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

All  farms 

6, 361, $02 

839,166 

18,033 

317,010 

504,123 

1,414,376 

1,438,069 

1,516,286 

978, 175 

534, 191 

443,984 

125,295 
50,135 

5,737,372 

673, 870 

41,385 

225,844 

406,641 

1,257,496 

1.366,038 

1,422,262 

868,020 

490,069 

377,951 

102,626 
47,160 

624,130 

165,296 

91,166 
97,482 

156,880 
72,031 
94,024 

110,155 
44,122 
66,033 

22,769 
2,975 

10.9 

24.5 

24.0 

12.6 
5.3 
6.6 

12.7 
9.0 

17.6 

22.2 
6.3 

878.798,325 

8,793,820 

838,591,774 

7,180,839 

40,206,651 

1,612,981 

4.8 
22.6 

100.0 
13.2 
0.3 
6.0 
7.9 

22.2 
22.6 
23.8 
15.4 
8.4 
7.0 

2.0 
0.8 

100.0 

11.7 
0.7 
3.9 
7.1 

21.9 
23.8 
24.8 
15.1 
8.6 
6.6 

1.8 
0.8 

100.0 
1.0 

100.0 
0.9 

Under  20  acres 

Under  3  acres  

3  to  9  acres 

10  to  19  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

45,378,449 
103,120,868 
205,480.585 
265,289,069 

41,636,128 
98,691,600 
192,680,321 
232,954,515 

3,842,321 

4,629,169 

12,800,264 

32,334,654 

9.3 
4.6 
6.6 
13.9 

6.2 
11.7 
23.4 
30.2 

6.0 
11.8 
23.0 
27.8 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

175  to  259  acres 

2C0  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

83,663,487 
167,062,047 

67,864,116 
197,784,156 

15,789,371 
-30,702,109 

23.3 
-16.6 

9.6 
19.0 

8.1 
23.6 

1,000  acres  and  over 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

This  table  shows  that  in  1910  more  than  two- thirds 
of  the  farms  of  the  country  (68.6  per  cent)  were  between 
20  and  175  acres  in  size.  The  most  numerous  single 
group  was  that  comprising  farms  of  100  to  174  acres, 
which  constituted  23.8  per  cent  of  the  total  number. 
Farms  of  50  to  99  acres,  and  those  of  20  to  49  acres, 
which  comprised  22.6  per  cent  and  22.2  per  cent, 
respectively,  of  the  total  number,  were  nearly  as 
numerous. 

The  distribution  of  the  total  acreage  of  farms  among 
the  several  size  groups  is  of  course  radically  different 
from  the  distribution  of  the  number  of  farms.  Farms 
of  175  to  499  acres,  which  in  1910  formed  only  15.4  per 
cent  of  the  whole  number  of  farms,  contained  30.2  per 
cent  of  the  total  farm  acreage  of  the  country,  and  con- 
stituted the  most  important  group  with  respect  to 
acreage.  Farms  of  100  to  174  acres  ranked  next  in 
importance  in  this  respect.  These  two  groups  together 
comprised  somewhat  over  one-half  (53.6  per  cent)  of 
the  total  acreage.  Next  to  these  groups  in  acreage 
were  the  farms  of  1,000  acres  and  over,  whiclf  are 
chiefly  found  in  the  West,  and  which  comprised  19  per 
cent  of  the  total  acreage,  but  only  0.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  number.  On  the  other  hand,  farms  under  20 
acres  in  size,  although  relatively  numerous  (represent- 
ing 13.2  per  cent  of  the  total  number),  comprised  only 
1  per  cent  of  the  farm  acreage  of  the  country. 

The  only  group  in  which  the  number  of  farms  de- 
creased absolutely  between  1900  and  1910  is  that  con- 
sisting of  places  under  3  acres  in  size,  which  at  both 


<  Data  for  1910  and  1900  not  comparable.    (See  text.) 

censuses  were  few  in  number.  The  number  of  such 
places  shown  for  1910  is  56.4  per  cent  smaller  than 
that  shown  for  1900,  and  there  was  a  decrease  in 
this  group  in  every  geographic  division  except  the 
Mountain  division.  This  decrease,  however,  is  with- 
out question  due  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  to  changes 
in  the  census  definition  of  what  constitutes  a  farm,  and 
no  conclusion  of  value  can  be  drawn  from  the  data. 

In  both  number  and  acreage,  farms  of  the  groups 
from  50  to  174  acres  increased  less  rapidly  between 
1900  and  1910  than  those  of  the  groups  from  3  to  49 
acres  or  from  175  to  999  acres.  Farms  of  1,000  acres 
and  over  increased  somewhat  in  number,  but  com- 
prised a  smaller  acreage  in  1910  than  in  1900.  Con- 
sequently the  percentages  showing  the  distribution  of 
the  number  and  acreage  of  farms  among  size  groups 
for  1910  differ  somewhat  from  those  for  1900.  It 
may  be  noted  that  in  a  general  way  the  changes  dur- 
ing the  past  decade  with  reference  to  the  relative  im- 
portance of  farms  of  the  different  size  groups  are  con- 
tinuations of  changes  which  have  been  going  on  at 
least  since  1880  and  possibly  for  a  longer  time. 

Number,  acreage,  and  value  of  farms  of  the  principal 
size  groups,  by  divisions:  1910  and  1900. — Table  23, 
on  the  following  page,  presents  statistics  for  each  geo- 
graphic division,  showing  the  number  of  farms,  total 
and  improved  acreage,  and  value  of  land  and  build- 
ings for  1910  and  1900,  respectively,  by  size  groups, 
together  with  the  percentage  of  the  several  totals 
represented  in  each  size  group. 


S04 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS  CLASSIFIED  BY 

SIZE,  WITH  PERCENTAGES,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  23 


DIVISION    AND    SIZE    GROUP. 


XmiTED  STATES 


NCMBEB  OF 
FABMS. 


1910 


1900 


Total 6, 361. 502  5, 737, 372 

TTnder  20  acres 839, 1661    673, 870 

20  to  49  acres 1. 414, 376  1, 257. 496 

50  to  99  acres 1, 438, 063  1, 366, 038j 


ALL  LAND  IN  FABMS 
(ACKES). 


1910 


878,798.325 

8, 793, 820 

45,378,449 

103. 120, 868 

100  to  174  acres ,1,516. 286  1, 422, 262  205, 480, 585  192, 680. 321  128.  853. 338 118, 390, 708  i  9, 405, 391 

175  to  499  acres I    978,175!     868,020  265,289,069  232,954,515  161,775,502135,530,043  11,762,614 


1900 


IMPROVED  LAND  IN 
FABMS  (ACBES). 


1910 


VALUE  OF  LAND  AND 
BUILDINQS. 


PEB  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


1910 


Improved  Value  of 
land  in  land  and 
farms,      buildings. 


838,591,774  478,451,750  414,498.487  $34,801,125, 

7,180,839  7,991,543     6,440,447'  1,309,907 

41,536,128  38,596,032   33,000,734  12,485,471 

98,591,699  71,155,246   67,344,759  1  5,029.510 


500  to  999  acres I  125, 295 

1,000  acres  and  over !  60, 135 

NEW  ENGLAND 

Total \  188,802 

Under20acres I  34,304 

20to49acres |  33,822 


50  to  99  acres. 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

1 75  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

MOUNTAIN. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

PACIFIC. 


Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . 


45,932 
44,019 
28,008 
2,139 
578 


468,379 
80,919 
78,375 
130,702 
123,756 
52,310 
1,"  " 


1,123,489 
108,283 
197, 164 
340,940 
315,607 
155,585 
5,147 
763 


1,109,948 
52,636 
91,971 
181,843 
368,669 
346,875 
55,179 
12,875 


1,111,881 
186,956 
354,207 
251,901 
181,336 
117,899 
14,555 
5,027 


1,042,480 

211,614 

350,256 

225,976 

157,414 

86,297 

8,396 

2,527 


943,186 
102,044 
251,444 
216,860 
222,794 
118,416 
18,232 
13,396 


183,446 
23,426 
19,383 
19,330 
64,783 
41,676 
8,483 
6,305 


189,891 
39,084 
37,754 
24,585 
37,908 
31,109 
11,316 
8,135 


102, 526 
47, 160 


191,888 
28,018 
33,805 
49,389 
48,039 
30,007 
2,133 
497 


485,618 
75,165 
84,330 
142,341 
129,501 
51,815 
1,907 
559 


1,135,823 
100,071 
230,411 
350,291 
301,629 
146,901 
5,569 
951 


83,653,487 
167, 082, 047 


1,060,744 

47,650 

110,718 

212,600 

354,794 

288,187 

36,186 

10,609 


962,225 
147,165 
265,623 
216,522 
181,290 
128,541 
17,191 
5,893 


903,313 

153,359 

280,010 

204,914 

159,531 

92,783 

9,777 

2,939 


754,853 
84,898 
218,481 
161,611 
178,015 
82,662 
15,047 
14,139 


101,327 
16,366 
12,685 
11,243 
33,963 
17,553 
4,932 
4,585 


141,581 
21,178 
21,433 
17,127 
35,500 
29,571 
9,784 


19,714,931 
317,557 
1,101,352 
3,210  561 
5, 575; 475 
7,062,543 
1,324,559 
1,122,884 


43,191,056 
751,343 
2,596,184 
9,335,076 
15,710,409 
12,531,376 
1,154,723 
1,111,945 


117,929,148 

1,002,397 

6,907,601 

25,448,406 

41,708,394 

38,250,593 

3,205,712 

1,406,045 


232,648,121 
475,532 
3,206,053 
13,808,123 
53,137,842 
99,858,046 
37, 138, 135 
25,024,390 


103,782,255 
1,991,481 
11,035,210 
17,173,796 
22,907,206 
31,000,073 
9,454,383 
10,220,106 


81,520,629 
2,485,330 
10,670,111 
15,708,129 
20,216,555 
22,187,511 
5,421,938 
4,831,055 


169,149,976 
1,242,449 
8,037,214 
15,230,102 
30,702,647 
31,958,649 
12,188,175 
69,790,740 


59,533,420 
180,499 
642,802 
1,434,802 
9,976,088 
12,933,225 
5,910,654 
28,455,350 


51,328,789 
347,232 
1,181,922 
1,771,873 
5,545,969 
9,507,053 
7,855,208 

25,119,532 


67,864,116    40,817,118   29,474,642 
197,784,15611  31,262,771'  24,317,154 


20,548,999:1 
276,28411 
1,134,595,' 
3,460,8741 
6,042,1381 
7,522,491, 
1,288,248 
824, 369 j 


7,254,904 

231,463 

575,903' 

1,427,597 

2,198,055 

2,334,708 

312,640 

174,538 


8,134,403 

200,479 

604,403 

1,569,867 

2,507,554 

2,755,789 

358,662 

137, 649 


44,860 

721; 

2,821, 

10, 107. 

16,457i 

12,362, 
1,181, 
1,207, 


090 
639 
655 
376 
261  1 
2811 
884! 
994t 
i 


116,340,7611 

968,368! 

8,185,211, 

26,211,781, 

39,905,390 

36,115,424 

3,451,901 

1,502,680 


29,320,894  30,786,211 

645,000  629,450 

2,014,736  2,225,595 

7,028,777'  7,651,789 

ll,230,267i  11,835,314 

7,720,162  7,779,729 

494,032  476,042 

187,920  188,292 


2, 483, 160 
2,325,069 


201,008,713 
464,511 
3,964,477 
16,094,073 
51,223,754 
81,^82,257; 
24,471,401 
22,808,240 


104,297,506 
1,523,823 
8,509,856 
14,791,972 
22,874,837 
34,062,583 
11,082,044 
11,452,391 


81,247,643 
1,834,590 
8,842,608 
14,273,248 
20,730,779 
24,100,920 
6,173,881 
5,291,617 


176,491,202 
1,059,252 
6,983,734 
11,549,787 
24,869,710 
22,186,227 
9,927,387 
99,915,105 


46,397,284 

129,663 

422,912 

841,675 

5,217,740 

5,433,180 

3,539,684 

30,812,430 


47,399,576 

202,709 

671,080 

1,260,913 

5,358,712 

9,189,152 

6,747,680 

23,969,324 


88,947,228 
893,205 
5,437,794 
19,692,117 
31,821,219 
28,505,359 
2,027,345 
570, 189 


164,284,862 
423,462 
2,500,290 
10,848,559 
39,724,322 
76,716,957 
23,210,837 
10,860,435 


48,479,733 
1,760,123 
8,821,385 
10,013,755 
10,855,205 
12,264,756 
2,879,471 
1,885,038 


43,946,846 
2,380,281 
8,931,163 
9,740,827 

10,281,319 
9,710,562 
1,860,628 
1,042,066 


58,264,273 
1,197,062 
6,966,847 
10,409,053 
16,991,457 
14,780,491 
3,620,037 
4,299,326 


15,915,002 

162,718 

497,568 

937,086 

3,495,991 

4,682,626 

2,036,857 

4,102,156 


22,038,008 
298,229 
850,3461 
1,057,475 
2,255,703 
5,059,881 
4,375,271 
8,141,103 


86,670,271 

864,666 

6,394,8801 

19,964,780 

30,029,865 

26,554,255 

2,195,830 

665,995 


135,643,828 
403,743 
3,047,189 
12,518,337 
38,166,400 
60,221,5931 
14,258,439 
7,028,127 


46,100,226 
1,329,173 
6,686,678 
8,482,251 
10,744,477 
13,296,834 
3,382,119 
2,178,694 


40,237,337 
1,715,807 
7,199,044 
8,626,698 
9,837,663 
9,846,677 
1,941,233 
1,070,215 


718,544, 
93,749, 
99,415 
143,027i 
167,577 
168,134 
27,992: 
18,647; 


2, 442, 949, 
235,705 
287, 713 
597,452 
757,538 
487,133 

46,416; 

30,988, 


8,873,991 
240,935 
547,475 

1,776,191 

3,040,388; 

2,985,416; 

221,406, 

62, 176, 


11,614,665 

132,495 

250,463 

897, 439; 

3,121,921 

5,437,429 

1,230,317 

544,599; 


2,486,436, 
148,599, 
305, 777 
467,510, 
534, 692 
657,034 
172,377: 
140,445 


1,738,397 
122,796; 
300, 677 
341,585 
377,318 
424,085 
100,340: 
71,586; 


39,770,530 
1,014,776 
6,061,500; 
7,323,424|i 

11,200,820,1 
8,243,354 
2,324,i92 
3,602,464 


3,128,596, 
72,535, 
254,640, 
439,513 
785, 6C8, 
735,359 
229,842 
611,037 


8,402,576    1,319,396, 


109,731 
306,586 
511,707 
2,014,774 
2,218,693 
1,072,124 
2,168,961 


54,910, 
87,355 
115,954 
282,364 
339,662 
140,170, 
298,977 


18,753,105    2,478,146, 
172,622!      208,179, 
474,859|| 
695,g06r 


2,053,841  i 
4,613,1191 
3,466,0011 
7,276,7571 


291,950, 
250,836, 
337,921 
528,357 
314,289, 
546,609, 


802i 
227! 
415i 
293! 

552 
625 
8941 


528,267,748 
57,980,200 
75,887,880 
112,410,638 
128,858,450 
126,367,890 
17,957,540 
8,805,150 


731 


1,948,997,940 
161,690,010 
226,543,290 
494,483,240 
624, 647, 040 
388,660,190 
35,403,970 
17,570,200 


4,912,597,440 

135,930,180 

373,935,470 

1,076,060,430 

1,654,447,810 

1,509,324,270 

126,381,220 

36,518,060 


4,651,282,998 

57,661,954 

146,534,830 

506,081.490 

1,370,979,308 

2,007,589,126 

372,885,350 

189,550,940 


1,206,349,618 

60,017,520 

136,920,190 

201,290,600 

279,877,870 

364, 705, 180 

92,971,250 

70,567,0081 


933,780,823 
51,232,040 
140,013,630 
171,108,660 
210,282,803 
259,612,140 
61,645,550 
39,886,000 


1,138, 891, 068i 
31,983,740: 
118,319,860 
158,489,050: 
250,220,768 
210,333,9501 
75,937,760 
293,605,940 


338,619,672 
15,071,078 
21,245,087 
25,322,345 
70,241,205 
73,600,113 
38,692,090 
94,447,754 


955,860,184 
61,156,905 
84,662,760 
78,835,150 
123,364,706 
207,884,288 
125,863,010 
274,093,275 


100.0 
18.2 
17.9 
24,3 
23.3 
14.8 
1.1 
0.3 


100.0 
17.3 
16.7 
2: 

26.4 
11.2 
0.4 
0.1 


100.0 
9.6 
17.6 
30.3 
28.1 
13.8 
0.5 
0.1 


100.0 

4.7 

8.3 

16.4 

33.2 

31.3 

5.0 

1.2 


100.0 
16.8 
31.9 
22.7 
10.3 
10.6 
1.3 
0.5 


100.0 
20.3 
33.6 
21.7 
15.1 
8.3 
0.8 
0.2 


100.0 
10.8 
26.7 
23.0 
23.6 
12.6 
1.9 
1.4 


100.0 
12.8 
10.6 
10.5 
35.3 
22.7 
4.6 
3.5 


100.0 
20.6 
19,9 
12.9 
20.0 
16.4 
6.0 
4.3 


1910  1900  1910  1900 


100.0 
14.6 
17.6 
25.7 
25.0 
15.6 
1.1 
0.3 


100.0 
15.5 
17.4 
29.3 
26.7 
10.7 
0.4 
0.1 


100.0 
8.8 
20.3 
30.8 


100.0 

1.6 

5.6 

16.3 

28.3 

35.8 

6.7 

5 


100.0 

1.7 

6,0 

21.6 

36.4 

29.0 

2.7 

2.6 


100.0100.0 
1.3     3.2 

5.5 
16.8 


29.4 

36.6 

6.3 

4.0 


100.0 

1 

6.3 
22,5 
36. 
27.6 
2.6 
2.7 


100.0100.0 


0.8 
5,9 
21.6 
26.61  35.4 
12.91  32.4 
0.5  2.7 
0.1;     1.2 


4.5 

0.2 

10.4 

1.4 

20.0 

6.9 

.33. 4 

22.8 

27.2 

42.9 

3.4 

16.0 

1.0  10.8 

0.8 
7.0 
22,5 
34.3 
31.0 
3.0 
1.3 


100.0 
0.2 
2.0 
8.0 
25.5 
40.8 
12.2 
11.3 


100.0100.0 
15. 3i  1.9 
27.6;  10.6 


22.5 
18.8 
13.4 
1.8 
0.6 


100.0 
17.0 
31.0 
22.7 
17.7 
10.3 
1.1 
0.3 


100.0 
11.2 
28.9 
21.4 
23,6 
11.0 
2.0 
1.9 


100.0 
16.2 
12.5 
11.1 
33.5 
17.3 
4.9 
4.5 


100.0 
15.0 
15.1 
12.1 
25.1 
20.9 
6.9 
4.9 


16.5 
22.1 
29.9 
9.1 
9.8 


100.0 
3.0 
13.1 
19.3 
24.8 
27.2 
6.7 
5.9 


100.0 
0.7 
4.8 
9.0 
18.2 
18.9 
7.2 
41.3 


100.0 
1.5 
8.2 
14.2 
21.9 
32.7 
10.6 
11.0 


100.0 

0.3 

1.1 

2.4 

16.8 

21.7 

9.9 

47.8 


100.0 
0.7 
2.3 
3.6 
10.8 
18.5 
15.3 
48.9 


100.0 
2.3 
10.9 
17.6 
25.5 
29.7 
7.6 
6.5 


100.0 
0.6 
4.0 
6.5 
14.1 
12.6 
5.6 
56.6 


100.0 
0.3 
0.9 
1.8 
11.2 
11.7 
7.6 
66.4 


19. 
30.3 
32.2 
4.3 
2.4 


100.0 

2.2 

6.9 

24.0 

38.3 

26.3 

1.7 

0.6 


100.0 
2.5 
7.4 
19.3 
30.8 
33.9 
4.4 
1.7 


100,0 
13.0 
13 

19.9 
23.3 
23.4 
3.9 
2.6 


100.0100.0 
2.0i    9.6 


7.2 
24.9 
38.4 
25.3 
1.5 
0.6 


100.0100.0 
1.0     1.0 


6.1 

22.1 

35.8 

32.0 

2.3 

0.6 


7.4 

23.0 

34.6 

30.6 

2,5 

0.8 


100.0100.0 
0.3     0.3 

1.5  2.2 

6.6  9.2 
24.2  28.1 
46.7  44.4 
14.1   10.5 

6.6     5.2 


11.8 
24.5 
31.0 
19.9 
1.9 
1.3 


100.0 

2.7 

6.2 

20.0 

34.3 

33.6 

2.6 

0.7 


100.0 

1.1 

2.2 

7.7 

26.9 

46.8 

10.6 

4.7 


100.  a  100. 0100.0 


3.6 
18.2 
20.7 
22.4 
25.3 
5.9 
3.9 


100.0 
6.4 
20.3 
22.2 
23,4 
22.1 
4.2 
2.4 


100.0 
2.1 
12.0 
17.9 
29.2 
25.4 
6.2 
7.4 


2.9 
14.5 
18.4 
23.3 
28.8 
7.3 
4.7 


6.0 
14.7 
18.8 
21.5 
26.4 
6.9 
5.6 


100.0100.0 

4.3|    7.1 


17.9 
21.4 
24,4 
24.5 
4.8 
2.7 


100.0 
2.6 
15.2 
18.4 
28.2 
20.7 
6.8 
9.1 


100. 0100.0 

1.0  1.3 

3.1  3.6 
5.9  6.1 

22.0  24.0 

29.4  26.4 

12.8  12.8 

25.8  25.8 


100.0100.0100.0 
0.4  1.4  0.9 
1.4  3.9  2.5 
2.71  4.8;  3.7 
11.31  10.2,  11.0 
19.4  23.0'  24.6 
14.2!  19.9  18.5 
60.6  36.9  38.8 


17.3 
19.7 
21.7 
24.4 
5.8 
4.1 


100.0 

2.3 

8.1 

14.0 

25.1 

23.5 

7.3 

19.5 


100.0 
3.8 
8.0 
17.0 
28.4 
31.0 
5.7 
6.3 


100.0 
11.0 
14.4 
21.3 
24.4 
23.9 
3.4 
1.7 


100.0 
8.3 
11.6 
25.4 
32.1 
19.9 
1.8 
0.9 


100.0 
2.8 

7.6 
21.9 
33.7 
30.7 
2.6 
0.7 


100.0 
1.2 
3.2 
10.9 
29.5 
43.2 
8.0 
4.1 


100.0 
5.0 
11.4 
16.7 
23.2 
30.2 
7.7 
5.8 


100.0 
5.5 
15.0 
18.3 
22.5 
27.8 
6.6 
4.3 


100.0 
2.8 
10.4 
13.9 
22.0 
18.5 
6.7 
25.8 


100.0100.0 
4.2  4.5 
6.3 
7.6 
20.7 
21.7 
11.4 
27.9 


8.8 
21.4 
25.7 
10.6 
22.7 


100.0100.0 
8.4  6.4 
11,8  8,0 
10.1  8.2 
13.61  12.9 
21.31  21.7 
12. 7l  13.2 
22.1!  28.7 


FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SIZE. 


305 


The  three  northeastern  divisions  of  the  country  the 
New  England  Mddle  Atlantic,  and  East  North  Cen- 
tral, show  in  general  somewhat .  similar  conditions 
with  respect  to  the  size  of  farms.  In  each  the  farms  of 
50  to  99  acres  constituted  in  1910  the  most  numerous 
group  and  those  of  100  to  174  acres  the  next  most 
numerous.  The  group  compiising  farms  of  100  to  174 
acres  is  first  in  importance  as  respects  acreage  in  two 
of  these  divisions  and  second  in  the  other.  The  West 
North  Central  division,  which  has  been  more  recently 
settled,  differs  considerably  from  the  other  three 
northern  divisions.  In  this  division  the  most  nu- 
merous group  is  that  comprising  farms. of  100  to  174 
acres,  and  the  most  important  group  from  the  stand 
point  of  acreage  is  that  comprising  farms  of  175  to  499 
acres.  In  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South  Central 
divisions  conditions  in  regard  to  size  of  farms  are  ap- 
proximately alike.  In  each  the  small  farms  of  20  to 
49  acres  are  the  most  numerous,  but  the  farms  of  175 
to  499  acres  contain  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total 
acreage  than  any  other  group.  In  the  West  South 
Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions,  in  which 
there  are  still  many  great  stock  ranches,  the  farms  of 
1  000  acres  and  over  are  the  most  important  in  acreage. 
In  the  West  South  Central  division,  however,  because 
of  the  presence  of  many  small  tenant  farms  in  the  cot- 
ton belt,  the  group  comprising  farms  of  20  to  49  acres 
is  more  numerous  than  any  other;  in  the  Pacific  divi- 
sion because  of  the  many  small  fruit  farms,  the  farms 
of  less  than  20  acres  form  the  most  numerous  group; 
and  in  the  Mountain  division  farms  of  100  to  174  acres 
lead  in  number. 

Comparing  the  percentages  for  1910  in  this  table 
witli  those  for  1900,  it  may  be  seen  that  the  groups 
which  stood  first  and  second ,  respectively,  in  number 
and  those  wliich  stood  first  and  second  in  acreage  were 
in  almost  every  division  the  same  at  both  censuses. 
Nevertheless  there  have  been  considerable  changes 
in  the  relative  importance  of  some  of  the  groups.  In 
all  of  the  divisions  except  the  West  North  Central  the 
number  of  farms  of  1  000  acres  and  over  was  either 
relatively  less  in  1910  than  in  1900  or  maintained  the 
same  proportion;  and  in  all  of  the  divisions  except  New 
England  these  large  farms  contained  a  smaller  propor- 
tion of  the  total  acreage  of  farm  land  at  the  later  cen- 
sus than  at  the  earlier.  On  the  other  hand,  in  all  ex- 
cept the  West  South  Central  and  Mountain  divisions, 
farms  of  less  than  20  acres  constituted  a  larger  propor- 
tion of  the  total  number  in  1910  than  in  1900,  and  in 
all  except  the  East  and  West  North  Central  and  Moun- 
tain divisions — in  wliich  the  proportion  was  the  same 
at  both  censuses — such  farms  contained  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  acreage  in  the  later  year  than  in  the 
earlier.  Other  changes  were  less  nearly  uniform 
among  the  divisions.  In  the  South  Atlantic  and  East 
South  Central  divisions  the  small  farms  of  less  than  20 
acres  were  of  relatively  greater  importance  in  number 

72497°— 13 20  + 


and  acreage  in  1910  than  in  1900  on  account  of  the 
continued  breaking  up  of  plantations  into  smaller 
farms,  cliiefly  operated  by  tenant,^.  In  the  West 
South  Central  and  Mountain  divisions  the  breaking  up 
of  many  ranches  of  1  000  acres  and  over  has  been  ac- 
companied by  an  increase  in  the  relative  importance, 
as  measured  by  acreage,  of  all  of  the  other  size  groups, 
and  the  same  is  true,  for  the  most  part,  of  the  Pacific 
division. 

Table  24  shows,  by  divisions,  the  percentage  of  in- 
crease in  number  and  acreage  for  farms  of  the  size 
groups  shown  in  the  preceding  table. 


Table  34 


DmaiON  AND  ITEM. 


ITnltod  States: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 


New  England: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
Middle  Atlantic: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
East  Nokth  Central: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
West  Nobth  Central: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
South  Atlantic: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
East  Soutii  Central: 

Numtx.T  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
West  Soutu  Central: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 
Mountain: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  laud. 
Pacific: 

Number  of  farms 

Acreage  of  farm  land. 


per  cent  of  increase:"  1900  to  1910 


All 
{&nos 


10.9 
4.8 


-1.6 
-4.1 


-3.5 
-3.7 


4.6 
15.7 


15.6 
-0.5 


15.4 
0.3 


24.9 
-4.2 


81.0 
28.3 


34.1 
8.3 


Un- 
der 
20 
acres 


20  to 

49 
acres. 


84. 5 
22.5 


22.4 
14.9 


8.2 
3.5 


10.3 
2.4 


27.0 
30.7 


38.0 
35.5 


20.2 
17.3 


43.1 
39.2 


84.6 
71.3 


18.6 
9.3 


0.1 
-2.9 


-7.1 
-8.0 


-14.4 
-15.6 


-16.9 
-19.1 


33.3 
29.7 


25.1 
20.7 


15.1 
15.1 


52.8 
52.0 


76.1 
76.1 


50  to 

99 
acres. 


5.3 
4.6 


100 
to 
174 
acres. j acres, 


175 
to 


-7.0 
-7.2 


-8.2 
-7.6 


-2.7 
-2.9 


-14.5 
-14.2 


16.3 
16.1 


10.3 
10.1 


34.2 
31.9 


71.9 
70.5 


43.5 
40.5 


6.6 
6.6 


-8.4 

-7.7 

-4.4 
-4.5 

4.6 
4.5 

3.9 
3.7 

0.1 

-1.3 
-2.5 

25.2 
23.5 

90.7 
91.2 

6.8 
3.5 


12.7 
13.9 


-6.7 
-6.1 


5.9 
5.9 


20.4 
21.8 


-8.3 
-9.0 


-7.0 

-7, 


43.3 
44.0 


137.4 
138.0 


5.2 
3.5 


500 

to 

999 

acres 


22.2 

23.3 


0.3 
2.8 


-3.1 
-2.3 


-7.6 
-7.1 


52.5 
51.8 


-15.3 
-14.7 


-14.1 
-12.2 


21.2 
22.8 


72.0 
67.0 


15.7 
16.4 


1,000 
acres 
and 
over. 


6.3 
-16.5 


16.3 
36.2 


-16.1 
-8.0 


-19.8 
6.4 


21.4 
9.7 


-14.7 
-10.8 


-14.0 

-8.7 


-5.3 
-30.1 


38.8 
-7.6 


16.4 
4.8 


1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.       ^  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Table  25,  on  the  following  page,  shows,  by  geograpliic 
divisions,  the  percentage  which  improved  land  forms 
of  all  farm  land  in  each  size  group,  and  the  average 
value  of  land  and  buildings  per  farm  and  per  acre. 

As  miglit  be  expected,  small  farms  have,  in  general, 
a  liigher  percentage  of  improved  land  than  large  farms. 
In  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  in  1910,  90.9  per  cent 
of  the  acreage  of  the  farms  under  20  acres  in  size  con- 
sisted of  improved  land,  while  only  18.7  per  cent  of  the 
acreage  of  farms  of  1,000  acres  and  over  was  improved. 

The  differences  among  the  several  size  groups  with 
reference  to  the  proportion  of  farm  land  improved 
naturally  tend  to  bring  about  corresponding  differences 
in  the  average  value  of  all  farm  land  per  acre.  More- 
over, the  lai^est  farms  are  commonly  in  sections  of 
the  country  not  easily  accessible  to  markets,  where 
land  A'alues  are  relatively  low.  Furthermore,  on  the 
smaller  farms  buildings  are  in  most  cases  of  relatively 
greater  importance  tlian  on  the  iai^er  farms.  Conse- 
quently it  is  not  surprising  that  in  the  United  States 
as  a  whole  the  average  value  of  land  and  buildings  per 


306 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


acre  in  farms  ranged  in  1910  from  $148.96  for  farms  of 
less  than  20  acres  to  $13.92  for  farms  of  1,000  acres 


and  over,  and  that  the  average  value  per  acre  decreases 
uniformly  as  the  size  of  the  farms  increases. 


Table  25 


DIVISION  AND  SIZE  GROUP. 


TTNITED  STATES 

Total 

Fnder  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

NEW  ENGLAND. 
Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

MIDDLE  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,800  acros  and  over 

"WEST  NOKTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 


PER  CENT  OF 
FARMLAND 
IMPROVED. 


1910 


64.4 
90.9 
80.6 
69.0 
62.7 
61.0 
48.8 
18.7 


36.8 
72.9 
52.3 
44.5 
39.4 
33.1 
23.6 
15.5 


67.9 
85.8 
77.6 
75.3 
71.5 
61.6 
42.8 
16.9 


75.4 
89.1 
78.7 
77.4 
76.3 
74.5 
63.2 
40.6 


70.6 
89.1 
78.0 
78.6 
74.8 
76.8 
62.5 
43.4 


1900 


49.4 
89.7 
79.4 
68.3 
61.4 
58.2 
43.4 
12.3 


39.6 
72.6 
53.3 
45.4 
41.5 
36.6 
27.8 
16.7 


68.6 
87.2 
78.9 
75.7 
71.9 
62.9 
40.3 
15.6 


74.5 
89.3 
78.1 
76.2 
75.2 
73.5 
63.6 
44.3 


67.5 
86.9 
76.9 
77.8 
74.5 
73.5 
58.3 
30.8 


AVERAGE  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


Per  farm. 


1910 


$5,471 
1,561 
1,757 
3,497 
6.203 
12,025 
19, 819 
46,376 


3,806 
2,733 
2,939 
3,114 
3,807 
6,003 
13,087 
32,263 


5,216 
2,913 
3,671 
4,571 
6,121 
9,312 
25,117 
66,074 


7,899 
2,226 
2,777 
5,210 
9,633 
19, 188 
43,017 
81,490 


10,464 
2,522 
2,723 
4,935 
8,468 
1.5,675 
22,297 
42;  299 


1900 


$2,896 
939 
1,053 
2,067 
3,314 
5,931 
9,244 

21,735 


2,753 
2,069 
2,245 
2,276 
2,682 
4,211 
8,419 
17,717 


4,013 
2,151 
2,686 
3,474 
4,823 
7,501 
18,565 
31, 431 


4,325 
1,358 
1,623 
3,072 
5,485 
10,274 
22,694 
38,400 


4,385 
1,210 
1,323 
2,380 
3,864 
6,966 
10,305 
17,867 


Per  acre. 


1910 


$39.60 
148.96 

54.77 
48.77 
45.77 
44.34 
29.68 
13.92 


36.45 
295.22 
90.27 
44.55 
30.06 
23.81 
21.13 
16.61 


56.56 
313.71 
110. 82 
64.00 
48.22 
38.87 
40.20 
27.87 


75.25 
240.36 
79.26 
69.80 
72.90 
78.05 
69.07 
44.22 


49.92 
278.63 
78.12 
64.99 
58.75 
.54.45 
33.13 
21.76 


1900 


$19. 81 
88.11 
31.88 
28.64 
24.46 
22.10 
13.97 
5.18 


25.71 
209.86 
66.89 
32.48 
21.33 
16.80 
13.94 
10.68 


43.45 
224.06 
80.29 
48.92 
37.96 
31.44 
29.96 
14.54 


42.23 
140.37 
45.68 
41.05 
41.46 
41.79 
36.61 
24.30 


23.  M 
124. 13 
36.96 
31.45 
26.76 
24.49 
15.24 
8.31 


DIVISION  AND  SIZE  GROUP. 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres.. 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Total '. 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

MOUNTAIN. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over 

PACIFIC. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 


PER  CENT  OF 
FARM  LAND 
IMPROVED. 


1910 


46.7 
88.4 
79.9 
58.3 
47.4 
39.6 
30.5 
18.4 


53.9 
95.8 
83.7 
62.0 
50.9 
43.8 
34.3 
21.6 


34.4 
96.3 
86.7 
68.3 
55.3 
46.2 
29.7 
6.2 

26.7 
90.2 
77.4 
65.3 
35.0 
36.2 
34.5 
14.4 


42.9 
85.9 
72.0 
59.7 
46.7 
53.2 
55.7 
32.4 


1900 


44.2 
87.2 
78.6 
57.3 
47.0 
39.0 
30.5 
19.0 


49.5 
93.5 
81.4 
60.4 
47.5 
40.9 
31.4 
20.2 


22.5 
95.8 
86.8 
63.4 
45.0 
37.2 
23.4 
3.6 

18.1 
84.6 
72.5 
60.8 
38.6 
40.8 
30.3 
7.0 


39.6 
85.2 
70.8 
55.2 
38.3 
50.2 
.51.4 
30.4 


AVERAGE  VALUE  OF   LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


Per  farm. 


1910 


$2,236 
795 
1,033 
1,856 
2,949 
5,573 
11,843 
27,938 


1,668 

580 

858 

1,512 

2,397 

4,914 

11,952 

28,329 


3,317 
711 
1,013 
2,027 
3,526 
6,210 
12,607 
45,613 

7,192 
2,344 
4,507 
5,999 
4,359 
8,150 
16,524 
46,972 


13,050 
5,326 
7,733 
10,203 
8,914 
16,984 
27,774 
67, 192 


1900 


SI, 254 

408 

515 

930 

1,544 

2,837 

5,408 

11,975 


1,034 

334 

500 

835 

1,318 

2,798 

6,305 

13,571 


1,509 

377 

542 

981 

1,406 

2,545 

5,046 

20,766 

3,342 
921 
1,675 
2,252 
2,068 
4,193 
7,845 
20,599 


6,751 
2,888 
3,950 
4,603 
3,475 
7,030 
12,864 
39,223 


Per  acre. 


1910 


$23.96 
74.62 
33.15 
27.22 
23.34 
21.19 
18.23 
13.74 


21.32 
49.41 
28.18 
21.75 
18.66 
19.11 
18.51 
14.82 


18.50 
58.38 
31.68 
28.86 
25.59 
23.01 
18.86 
8.76 

22.16 
304.21 
135. 90 
80.82 
28.30 
26.26 
23.71 
10.51 


48.28 
599.54 
247.01 
141.57 
60.93 
55.58 
40.01 
21.76 


1900 


$11.57 
39.39 
16.09 
13.61 
12.24 
10.71 
8.39 
6.16 


11.49 
27.93 
15.83 
11.99 
10.14 
10.77 
9.98 
7.54 


6.45 
30.19 
16.94 
13.72 
•10.06 
9.48 
7.65 
2.94 

7.30 
116.23 
50.24 
30.09 
13.46 
13.55 
10.93 

3.07 


20.17 
301. 70 
126. 16 
62.52 
23.02 
22.62 
18.65 
11.44 


Size   groups,  by  states:   1910  and  1900. — Table  26 


shows,  by   geographic  divisions,  for  each  state,  the      groups  in  1910  and  1900,  respectively. 


number  and    acreage    of   farms   in  the  several  size 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS  CLASSIFIED  BY 

SIZE,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  26 

STATE  AND  SIZE 

NUMBER  OF 

FARMS. 

ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 

IMPROVED 
ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 

VALUE   OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 

STATE  AND  SIZE 

NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 

ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 

'improved 

ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 

VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 

GROUP. 

GROUP. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1910 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1910 

ITew  England 

New  England— Con. 

MAINE. 

1 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Total 

60,016 
7,113 

59,299 
5,307 

6, 296, 859 

6,299,946 
56,657 

2,360,657] 
49,008 

$159,619,626 
11,570,427 

Total 

36,917 

37, 715 

2,875,941 
96,041 

3,147,064 

1,164,501 
69,869 

$194,168,765 
39,272,556 

Under  20  acres 

67,517 

Under  20  acres 

10,606 

8,889 

84,038 

20  to  49  acres 

9,492 

9,267 

314,397 

317,627 

154,846 

15,302,117 

20  to  49  acres 

8,890 

8,875 

287,509 

290,522 

156,902 

36,665,199 

50  to  99  acres 

17,895 

18,644 

1,246,571 

1,297,754 

553,516 

36,562,364 

50  to  99  acres 

7,981 

8,910 

554,699 

618,783 

252,447 

40,939,114 

100  to  174  acres 

16,633 

17,191 

2,078,196 

2,127,393 

838,328' 

50,555,750 

100  to  174  acres 

5,703 

6,660 

721,710 

825,328 

290,707 

34,863,149 

175  to  499  acres 

8,293 

8,260 

2,041,995 

2,009,634 

678,640i 
61,914 

39,190,736 

175  to  499  acres 

3,325 

3,967 

840,139 

997,933 

278,531 

32,098,128 

500  to  999  acres 

461 

516 

284,828 

306,709 

4,161,055 

500  to  999  acres 

319 

339 

197,218 

210,173 

47,817 

6,375,095 

1,000  acres  and  over . . 

129 

114 

263,355 

184, 172 

24,405 

2,277,177 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

93 

75 

178,625 

120,287 

68,228 

3,955,524 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Total 

27,053 
4,595 

29,324 

3,249,458 
42,565 

3,609,864 
40,273 

929,185 
30,314 

85,916,061 
8,104,281 

Total 

5,292 

5,498 

443,308 

455,602 

178,344 

27,932,860 

Under  20  acres 

3,999 

Under  20  acres 

1,377 

1,412 

12,387 

11,378 

9,873 

5,169,439 

20  to  49  acres 

4,509 

4,765 

140,013 

163,050 

68,056 

9,187,967 

20  to  49  acres 

1,144 

1,169 

36,603 

38,550 

22,097 

5,309,083 

SO  to  99  acres 

6,248 

7,123 

434,835 

503,049 

164,514 

14,413,621 

50  to  99  acres 

1,264 

1,256 

87,794 

87,093 

41,493 

6,140,626 

100  to  174  acres 

6,247 

7,430 

787,462 

935,586 

255,561 

19,065,747 

100  to  174  acres 

945 

1,049 

117,094 

130,689 

47,500 

4,789,185 

175  to  499  acres 

4,774 

5,333 

1,221,669 

1,369,401 

314,777 

24,369,313 

175  to  499  acres 

487 

550 

121,822 

136,387 

42,914 

5,056,297 

500  to  999  acres 

513 

510 

322,557 

308,766 

58,667 

6,197,466 

500  to  999  acres 

51 

45 

30,875 

28,610 

10,577 

1,101,300 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

167 

164 

294,357 

289,739 

37,296 

4,577,666 

1,000  acres  and  over.. 

24 

17 

36,733 

22,895 

3,890 

366,930 

VERMONT. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Total 

32,709 
4,578 

33,104 
3,285 

4,663,577 
40,250 

4,724,440 
32,276 

1,633,965 
29,952 

112,588,275 
7,692,142 

Total 

26,815 

26,948 

2,185,788 
58,797 

2,312,083 
51,662 

988,252 
42,447 

138,319,221 
21,940,957 

Under  20  acres 

Under  20  acres 

6,035 

5,126 

20  to  49  acres 

3,481 

3,511 

112, 129 

120,740 

58,062 

7,038,230 

20  to  49  acres 

6,306 

6,218 

204,701 

204,106 

115,940 

25,912,631 

50  to  99  acres 

5,910 

6,513 

424,012 

468, 227 

182,638 

13,057,680 

50  to  99  acres 

6,634 

6,943 

462,650 

485,968 

232,989 

31,914,010 

100  to  174  acres 

9,492 

10,215 

1,238,117 

1,328,066 

480,120 

29,253,559 

100  to  174  acres 

4,999 

5,494 

632,896 

695,076 

285,839 

29,049,903 

175  to  499  acres 

8,516 

8,943 

2,187,113 

2,280,010 

757,888 

43,794,392 

175  to  499  acres 

2,613 

2,954 

649,805 

729,126 

261,958 

23,625,686 

500  to  999  acres 

607 

536 

371,849 

322,903 

95,940 

6,114,956 

500  to  999  acres 

188 

187 

117,232 

111,087 

37,725 

4,042,7,53 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

125 

IW 

290,107 

172,218 

29,365 

5,637,316 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

40 

26 

59,707 

35,058 

11,354 

1,833,281 

FARMS,  CLASSIFIED  BY  SIZE. 


307 


NUMBER,  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS  CLASSIFIED  BY 

SIZE,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 


Table  26— Contd. 


STATE  AND  SIZE 
GROUP. 


Uiddle  Atlantic 

NEW  YORK. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over. . 

East  North  Central 

OHIO. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

INDIANA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

ILLINOIS. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

MICUIOAN. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over  . 

WISCONSIN. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

West  North  Central 

MINNESOTA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174aeres 

175  to  499  acres..... 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

IOWA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174acres , 

175  to  499  acres , 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. , 

MISSOURI. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres , 

500  to  999  acres , 

1,000  acres  and  over . 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910   1900 


215,59' 
34,188 
31,047 
5G,821 
01,031 
31,163 
1,104 
243 

33,487 
8,073 
7,607 
8,194 
7,207 
2,235 
112 
59 

219,295 
38,658 
39,721 
65,687 
55,518 
18,912 
632 
107 


272,045 
38,913 
50,331 
88,047 
68,746 
25,113 
783 
112 

!15,485 
23,644 
40,161 
67,221 
57,261 
26,107 
949 
142 

251,872 
20,294 
33,322 
57,917 
80,539 
57, 755 
1,842 
203 

206,960 
14,785 
49,890 
73, 748 
50,622 
17,143 
607 
165 

177,127 
10,647 
23,460 
54,007 
58,439 
29,467 
966 
141 


226, 720 
32, 542 
35,123 
63,789 
63,846 
30,063 
1,109 
248 

34,650 
7,585 
7,032 
8,882 
7,855 
2,513 
110 
73 

224,248 
35,038 
41,575 
69,670 
57,800 
19,239 
688 
238 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


156,137 
5,619 
12,028 
26,571 
55, 424 
52,836 
3,359 
300 


276, 719 
35,462 
57,566 
89,774 
67,258 
25,579 
916 
164 

221,897 
21,976 
47,009 
71,055 
55,060 
25,479 
1,094 
224 

204,151 
19,635 
41,160 
65,851 
81,3.38 
53,834 
2,051 
282 

203,261 

13,470 
59, 197 
71,021 
43,741 
15,179 
517 
136 

169,795 
9,528 
25,479 
52,590 
54,232 
26,830 
991 
145 


154,659 

4,803 

13,278 

30,990 

56, 785 

45,473 

2,965 

365 

228,622 
11,648 
21, 475 
49, 665 
79,923 
62,753 
2,818 
340 

284,886 
19,088 
66, 931 
78,933 
78,941 
47, 131 
3,268 
594 


1910 


1900 


22, 030,  .36' 

307,302 

1,028,991 

4,068,580 

7,804,30" 

7,650,324 

685,906 

584,897 

2,573,857 
77,541 
243,806 
585,063 
911,564 
524,918 
70,426 
160,539 

18,586,832 

366,440 

1,323,387 

4,681,433 

6,994,538 

4,456,134 

398,391 

366,509 


24,105,708 

363,977 

1,719,606 

6,444,930 

8,850,408 

6,020,366 

488,963 

217,458 

21,299,823 

221,480 

1,384,810 

4,977,801 

7,485,481 

6,400,036 

591,015 

239,194 

32,522,937 
180,520 
1,129,398 
4,337,599 
10,964,517 
14,446,916 
1,135,951 
322,036 

18,940,614 

137,131 

1,814,802 

6,537,099 

6,591,003 

4,125,482 

391,180 

343,917 

21,060,066 

93,289 

858,979 

4,150,977 

7,816,985 

7,257,793 

598,603 

283,440 


27,678,823 

49,878 

435,963 

2,055,944 

8,031,778 

14,515,821 

2,118,081 

468,358 

33,930,688 

117,965 

637, 644 

2,980,189 

11,243,738 

17,206,099 

1,513,469 

331, 584 

34,591,248 
192, 760 
1,657,429 
5,524,548 
10,701,983 
13,374,223 
2,180,501 
959,804 


22,648,109 

307, 521 

1,180,411 

4,551,108 

8,157,512 

7,243,784 

690,692 

517,081 

2,840,966 
74,332 
249,077 
638,281 
991,720 
590,453 
67,963 
229,140 

19,371,015 

3.39,786 

1,392,167 

4,917,987 

7,308,029 

4,528,044 

423,229 

461,773 


24,501,985 

340,431 

1,972,566 

6,636,508 

8,663,663 

6,050,168 

674,368 

264,281 

21,619,623 

218,458 

1,650,252 

5,251,614 

T,  200, 079 

6,207,774 

691,425 

340,121 

32,794,728 

194,356 

1,431,732 

4,979,857 

11,066,345 

13,481,126 

1,258,084 

384,230 

17,561, 

130,371 
2,183,332 
5,305,994 
6,692,182 
3,675,739 
324,843 
249,237 

19,862,727 

84,753 

947,329 

4,037,908 

7,284,121 

6,640,618 

603,181 

264,817 


IMPROVED 
ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 


1910 


26,248,498 

43,331 

494,528 

2,316,708 

8,508,727 

12,375,525 

1,871,977 

637,702 

34,574,337 

109,927 

765, 266 

3,828,843 

11,197,376 

16,361,478 

1,764,029 

547, 418 

33,997,873 
198, 193 
2,028,673 
5,885,823 
10,573,397 
12, 149, 760 
2,090,466 
1,071,561- 


14,844,039 

267,909 

801,480 

3,053,725 

5,540,385 

4, 746, 402 

316,532 

117,656 

1,803,336 
64,420 
187,500 
458,015 
698,576 
337,874 
30,988 
25,964 

12,673,519 

312,671 

1,025,756 

3,517,03" 

4,991,357 

2,635,886 

146,512 

44,300 


VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


19,227,969 

327,189 

1,441,294 

6,288,437 

7,053,181 

4,641,288 

355,502 

121,078 

16,931,252 

196,616 

1,156,565 

4,097,432 

5,996,101 

4,923,766 

418,664 

143,209 

28,048,323 

169,616 

973,339 

3,796,686 

9,672,197 

12,384,216 

849,906 

203,465 

12,832,078 

121,750 
1,351,445 
3,998,814 
4,639,148 
2,602,019 

159,477 
59,425 

11,907,606 

78,135 

616,151 

2,611,749 

4,560,592 

3,954,071 

243,8% 

43,012 


19,643,533 

39,373 

244,221 

1,258,358 

5,245,521 

10,910,810 

1,617,491 

327,759 


51,184,745,829 
108,633,214 
129,618,019 
264,212,934 
360,162,067 
277,308,686 
27,143,232 
17,667,078 

217,134,619 
31,003,585 
33,700,754 
51,375,789 
59,041,617 
31,466,039 
5,129,686 
5,416,660 

1,041,068,755 

96,068,746 

124,395,056 

281,863,465 

338,333,945 

178,358,651 

14,143,740 

7,906,152 


29,491,1991 

102,881! 

450,5171 

2,619,874! 

10,009,429 


1,654,152,406 
81,009,747 
149,416,179 
454,592,415 
669,462,824 
360,285,828 
29,425,733 
9,960,680 

1,594,275,596 

43,197,215 

111,641,607 

371,629,800 

549,602,724 

465,787,540 

40,161,060 

12,355,650 

3,522,792,570 
69,074,677 
111,860,899 
405,785,654 
1,174,168,111 
1,627,581,457 
116,284,611 
28,037,361 

901,138,299 

28,255,364 

106,804,968 

271,485,989 

301,276,358 

174,584,535 

13,040,547 

5,690,638 

1,201,632,723 
29,398,801 
67,753,125 
272,697,539 
445,978,819 
357, 177,  .307 
22,494,803 
6,132,329 


1,262,441,426 

14,224,838 

28,966,718 

106,823,204 

355,727,207 

653,616,766 

85,672,938 

17,409,755 


3,257,379,400 
39,306,861 
63,692,308 
295,461,882 

1,096,625,573 

i4;875;5oo:  1,614,102,750 

1,203,407      122,994,559 
229,5911       26,195,467 


24,581,186! 

176, 479! 
1,312,077; 
4, 184,  784! 
7, 666, 746' 
9,356,608! 
1,412, 313  i 

472,179 


1,716,204,386 
42,818,101 
101,486,534 
276,273,994 
603,288,840 
649,467,153 
105,685,100 
37, 184, 664 


STATE  AND  SIZt 
GROUP. 


West  N.  Central— 

Continued. 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

NEBRASKA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

176  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

KANSAS. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1.000  acres  and  over. . 

South  Atlcmtio 

DELAWARE. 

Total 

Under  20  acres ..... 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over. 

MARYLAND. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

DIST.  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over. . 

VIRGINIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . .  I 


NUMBER  OF 

FARMS. 


1910      1900 


74,360 

229 

450 

1,207 

23,003 

34,393 

12,662 

2,416 

77,644 

808 

1,121 

2,406 

28,396 

33,041 

9,698 

2,174 

129,678 
4,368 
4,658 
12,618 
43,916 
47,233 
13,128 
3,867 

177,841 
8,042 
10,738 
26,151 
57, 789 
61,286 
10,475 
3,360 


10,836 
1,536 
1,988 
2,977 
2,849 
1,429 
62 


48,923 
10,232 
8,629 
9,946 
11,457 
8,070 
606 
83 

217 
122 
65 
17 
10 
3 


184,018 
39,746 
42,390 
38,342 
32,997 
28, 101 
3,450 
992 

96,685 
15,399 
20,323 
26,806 
20,156 
12,248 
1,316 
437 


45,332 

791 

555 

716 

18,471 

18,339 

6,114 

1,346 

52,622 

807 

967 

2,214 

16,144 

23,375 

7,074 

2,041 

121,525 
3,507 
6,243 
17,979 
46,109 
40,271 
6,052 
2,364 

173,098 
7,006 
12,269 
32,103 
58,421 
50,846 
8,895 
3,669 


877 
1,568 
2,610 
2,923 
1,633 
71 
6 

46,012 
8,150 
7,'-' 
9,307 
11,543 
8,659 
591 
79 

269 
154 
71 
31 
9 
2 
•  2 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


1900 


167,886 
32,903 
36,644 
33,948 
32,466 
27,725 
4,100 
1,100 

92,874 
13,081 
19,306 
25,529 
20,164 
12,669 
1,511 
614 


263,725  224,637 
43,224!  33,184 
75,629i  59,913 
62,157,  55,028 
43,987!  44,052 
25,254  28,236 
2,669!  3,275 
S05         949 

173,434155,355 
37,985  33,096 
70,582  64,384 
33,147:  29,944 
19,427|  20,5321 
12,  .539  14,075! 
1,942  2,314! 
812     1,010! 


28,426,650 

1,601 

16,687 

94,199 

3,640,003 

12,000,916 

8,783,550 

3,889,694 

26,016,892 

6,612 

39, 475 

183,202 

4,458,036 

10,819,704 

6,588,127 

3,926,736 

38,622,021 

37,150 

152,474 

971,897 

6,543,429 

13,923,207 

8,837,526 

8,156,338 

43,384,799 

69,566 

366,381 

1,998,144 

8,518,876 

18,018,076 

7,121,881 

7,291,876 


1,038,866 

16,185 

66,119 

211, 100 

359,476 

345,465 

32,210 

9,311 

6,067,140 
97,263 
278, 402 
700,098 
1,486,215 
2,0.55,882 
312,911 
126,369 

6,063 

1,878 

1,114 

1,115 

917 


15,542,640 

7,711 

18,063 

69,040 

2,945,787 

6, 403, 548 

3,561,491 

2,547,000 

19,070,616 

5,080 

36,346 

168,923 

2,382,021 

8,019,437 

6,005,021 

3,453,788 

29,911,779 
31,203 
184,424 
1,367,012 
6,978,190 
11,865,326 
4,150,909 
6,334,715 

41,662  070 
69;  066 
437, 177 
2,467,724 
8,638,256 
14,807,183 
6,027,508 
9,216,056 


1,066,228 

9,580 

52,439 

186,885 

370,605 

396,319 

42,682 

7,718 

5,170,075 
82, 774 
254,342 
658,833 
1,494,118 
2,206,470 
354,853 
118,686 


1,463 
2,107 
2,205 
1,037 
375 
1,302 


IMPROVED 
ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 


1910 


19,495,636 
397,425 
1,332,113 
2,648,520 
4,191,039 
6,937,154 
2,216,101 
1,773,284 

10,026,442 

149,047 

676, 989 

1,875.754 

2,657,005 

3,179,329 

849,970 

738,348 

22,439,129 
485,387 
2,326,984 
4,253,522 
5,532,657 
6,504,207 
1, 724,  796 
1,611,576 

13,512,028 
412, 235 
2,072,476 
2,205,641 
2, 433, 404 
3,349,902 
1,277,578 
1,760,892 


19,907,883 
324,257 
1,125,988 
2,376,444 
4,102,998 
7,425,185 
2,616,261 
1,936,750 

10,654,513 

129,864 

645,963 

1,765,028 

2,544,791 

3,312,251 

977,235 

1,279,381 

22, 749, 356 
357,540 
1,880,512 
3, 742, 478 
6,514,229 
7,363,558 
2,098,813 
1,792,226 

13,985,014 
333,961 
1,660,059 
2,005,919 
2,576,058 
3,791,972 
1,608,769 
2,108,276 


20,455,092 

1,224 

10, 718 

63,653 

2, 124, 647 

9,063,590 

6,675,379 

2,525,881 

15,827,208 

5,686 

30,001 

134, 340 

2,113,308 

8,064,822 

3,886,801 

1,592,251 

24,382,577 

34,074 

134, 271 

879, 406 

5,675,821 

10,633,939 

3,888,358 

3, 136, 708 

29,904,067 
63,746 
318,485 
1, 718, 144 
6,888,860 
13,811,688 
4,527,088 
2,676,066 


713, 638 

13,464 

62,746 

164,027 

249,355 

226,100 

14,083 

3,823 

3,354,767 
80,696 
209, 115 
497,340 
1,049,206 
1,329,921 
161,285 
37,204 

5, 133 

1,001 

1,660 

812 

813 

867 


VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


9,870,058 

321, 370 

894,682 

1,495,798 

2,194,056 

3,382,003 

973,035 

609,115 

5,621,757 

128,207 

456, 945 

1, 156, 188 

1,509,134 

1,695,072 

366,356 

210,855 

8, 813, 056 

427,423 

1, 705, 751 

2,086,897 

2,098,630 

1,906,623 

365,077 

222,655 

6,097,999 

391,563 

1,791,196 

1,293,365 

1,006,949 

1,046,858 

306,337 

262, 741 


$822,666,744 

364,599 

739,953 

2,539,341 

83,425,352 

354,271,009 

271,500,607 

109,815,883 

1,005,080,807 

1,868,680 

3,061,278 

10,407,867 

149,337,025 

504,518,418 

239,012,732 

96,874,817 

1,813,346,935 
14,379,350 
19,378,644 
88,286,663 
507,591,497 
878,937,406 
185,509,755 
119,263,720 

1,737,556,172 
19,533,087 
33, 138, 115 
117,647,026 
425,925,574 
782,516,666 
219,941,757 
138,854,948 


53,165,983 
3,913,303 
5,569,301 
10,989,516 
15,699,291 
15,893,322 
1,053,960 
47,300 

241, 737, 123 
17,813,279 
22,791,832 
36,304,852 
63,818,929 
87,550,094 
10,724,022 
2, 734, 115 

8,231,343 

3,723,300 

2,034,300 

987,000 

936, 743 

550,000 


532,058,062 
31,523,270 
49,994,079 
77,362,360 
108,368,330 
170,377,481 
53,041,674 
41,390,868 

264,390,954 
12,056,803 
22,929,321 
49,093,413 
64,873,363 
80,792,565 
19,609.782 
16,  O.S6,707 

466,624,607 
24,749,610 
72,871,655 
101,807,106 
107,303,214 
107,251,793 
24,677,277 
17,963,962 

332,888,081 
19,781,861 
71,354,028 
68,416,043 
60,628,192 
69,933,577 
22,659,623 
20,215,867 


308 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


NUMBER.  TOTAL  AND  IMPROVED  ACREAGE,  AND  VALUE  OF  LAND  AND  BUILDINGS  OF  FARMS  CLASSIFIED  BY 

SIZE,  BY  STATES:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 


Table  ae—Contd. 


STATE  AND  SIZE 
GROUP. 


South  Atlantic- 
Continued. 

GEORGIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  ocres  and  over . . 

FLORIDA. 

Total 

Under  20  acr^ 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . . 

East  South  Central 

KENTUCKY. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

SO  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. . 

TENNESSEE. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

ALABAMA.' 

Total 

Under  20  years 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over . 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

West  South 
Central 

ARKANSAS. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . 

LOUISIANA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over . 

OKLAHOMA.! 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  a«res 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . 

TEXAS. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 


291,027 
29,629 
117,432 
68,510 
42, 275 
27, 710 
3,950 
1,521 


50,016 
9,084 
17, 169 
9,999 
8,178 
4,545 
670 
371 


259,185 
55,472 
58,537 
6o,  778 
50,134 
26,639 
2,181 
444 


246,012 
47,341 
72, 212 
60,105 
41,545 
22,450 
1,878 
481 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910     1900 


224,691 
19,356 
73,408 
52,251 
41,661 
31,439 
4,718 
1,858 


40,814 
6,364 
13,646 
7,874 
7,940 
4,103 
609 
278 


234,667 
42,904 
51,850 
60,435 
48,564 
27,886 
2,470 
558 


262,901 
41,858 
106,841 
55,448 
35,563 
20,093 
2,276 
822 

274,382 

66,943 

112,666 

44,645 

30. 172 

17,115 

2,061 

780 


214,678 
36,259 
74,983 
45,373 
39,353 
17,149 
1,163 


224,623 
36,542 
61,442 
57,265 
42,476 
24,274 
2,058 
566 


223,220 
31,643 
80,784 
47,745 
37,111 
22,193 
2,788 
956 

220,803 
42, 270 
85,934 
39,469 
31,380 
18,430 
2,461 
859 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


1900 


178,694 
24,665 
55,332 
38,595 
42,007 
16,440 
1,239 
416 


120,546115,969 

29,256!  25,782 

46,3891  44,622 

20,248;  18,179 

13,681    15,633 

8,406     9,015 

1,548     1,688 

1,018|    1,050 

1 

190,192,108,000 

7,158!    6,731 

31,4891  19,390 

39,002  16,300 

75,186,  48, 

33,812|  13,206 

2, 688,    1,937 

857     1,453 

417, 770:352,190 
29,371  27,720 
98,583   99,137 

112,237  88,537 
94,574  71,392 
59,049  44,001 
12,83.3  10,183 
11,123'  11,220 


26,953,413 
348,103 
3,  709, 289 
4,553,582 
5, 223, 132 
7,412,596 
2,604,839 
3,101,872 

5,253,538 
85,797 
570,960 
724,565 

1, 123, 163 

1,214,621 
435,978 

1,098,454 


22, 189, 127 
685,546 
1,854,214 
4,556,297 
6, 282, 939 
6,711,828 
1,370,115 
828,188 

20,041,657 
547,322 
2,240,374 
4,147,088 
5, 266, 026 
5,724,087 
1,189,042 
937,718 

20,732,312 
477,518 
3,294,559 
3,862,717 
4,674,360 
5,257,792 
1,497,299 
1,668,067 

18,557.533 
874,944 
3,280,964 
3,142,027 
4,003,230 
4,493,804 
1,. 365, 482 
1,397,082 


17,416,075 

476,539 

2,343,264 

3,299,148 

5,395,529 

4,316,389 

763,283 

821,923 


26,392,057 
223,685 
2,421,384 
3,472,677 
5, 150, 210 
8,469,107 
3,074,445 
3,580,549 


4,363,891 
60,699 
467,062 
581,503 
1, 120, 791 
1,097,346 
407,684 
628,806 


21,979,422 
465,040 
1,658,283 
4,161,328 
6,107,837 
7,087,446 
1,513,808 
985,680 

20,342,058 
430, 110 
1,937,942 
3,935,990 
5,371,931 
6,216,250 
1,285,379 
1,164,456 

20,685,427 
362,820 
2,579,379 
3,369,528 
4, 963, 792 
5,891,271 
1,808,499 
1,710,138 

18, 240, 736 
576,620 
2,667,004 
2,806,402 
4,287,219 
4,905,953 
1,566,195 
1,431,343 


16,636,716 

331,590 

1,806,004 

2,867,527 

5,915,487 

4,155,698 

811,737 

748,776 


IMPROVED 
ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 


10,439,481    11,059,127 
365,220;        322,025 


1,397,534 
1,418,628; 
1,817,211 
2,274,598; 
1,036,218 
2,140,072 


l,:i30,953 
1,272,079 
2, 150, 489 
2,452,116 
1,118,940 
2,412,525 


28,859,353  22,988,339 


80,936 
1,065,835 
2,798,88'5 
11,217,523 
9, 429, 784 
1,767,120 
2. 499. 270 

112,435,007 
329, 754 
3,230,581 
7,713,441 
12,272,384 
15,937,878 
8,621,564 
64,329,475 


78,682 
625,971 
1.149,099 
7,547,936 
3.725,720 
1,266.374 
8,  .594, 557 

125,807,017 
326,955 
3,220,806 
6,261,082 
9,255,798 
11,852,793 
6,730,336 
88,159,247 


1910 


12,298,01 

327, 212 
3,318,067 
2,968,547 
2,367,863 
2,288,329 
595, 659 
432,340 

1,805,408 
69,247 
391,233 
361, 791 
380,200 
388,993 
107,639 
106,305 


14,354,471 

554,143 

1,495,951 

3,174,258 

4,117,357 

4,077,796 

688,727 

246,239 

10,890,484 

501,007 

1,800,374 

2,581,648 

2,802,232' 

2,619,991 

422,571 

162, 661 


9,693,581 

461,806 

2,803,670 

2, 289, 469 

1,857,959 

1,602,363 

374,410 

303,904 

9,008,310 

86;i,325 

2,831,168 

1,695,452 

1.503,771 

1,410,412 

374,920 

329,262 


8,076,254 

467,555 

1,944,165 

1,799,792 

1,993,878 

1,455,435 

228,306 

187, 123 

5,276,016 
345,303 

1,164,909 
821,543 
789,583 
958,320 
453,758 
742,600 

17,551,337 

76,769 

930,731 

2,042,852 

7,118,362 

5,914,539 

876,997 

591,087 

27,360,060 
307,435 
2,927,042 
5,744,866 
7,089,634 
6, 452, 197 
2,060,976 
2,778,516 


VALUE  OF 
LAND  AND 
BUILDINGS. 


1910 


8479,204,332 
19,929,323 
96,117,977 

102,927,993 
92,772,819 

102,831,020 
32,471,115 
32,154,085 

118,145,989 
15,109,442 
22, 124, 761 
19,623,399 
20,391,462 
21,854,842 
8, 139, 751 
10,902,332 


635,459,372 
36,723,010 
68,341,744 
119,994,284 
156,477,645 
193,447,982 
40,615,629 
19,859,078 

480,522,587 
31,506,673 
74, 475. 941 
104,019,256 
113, 199, 169 
120, 220, 288 
23,618,9.50 
13,482,310 


288,253,591 
17,732,596 
65,174,986 
61,745,865 
56,058,111 
55,450,822 
16,116,822 
15,974,389 

334,162,289 
36,834,417 
92,685,257 
55,825,671 
51,583,771 
54,966,781 
19,995,266 
22,271,126 


309,166,813 
21,086,055 
70,534,909 
63, 280, 020 
66,823,373 
57,492,644 
14,164,369 
15,785,443 

237,544,450 
17,800,570 
41, 491, '842 
32,597,748 
30,213,391 
39, 499, 613 
23,317,045 
52,624,241 

738.677,224 

6,672.521 

30, 170, 704 

75,944,069 

314,897,360 

248,931,705 

35,255.653 

26, 805, 212 

1,843,208,395 
26,976,349 
112,443,379 
267,691,312 
373,734,548 
389,435,229 
157,105,181 
515,822,397 


STATE  AND  SIZE 
GROUP. 


Mountain 

MONTANA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

IDAHO. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over 

WYOMING. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over 

COLORADO. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

ARIZONA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over. 

UTAH. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000 acres  and  over 

NEVADA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1 ,000  acres  and  over . 

Pacific 

WASHINGTON. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 

OREGON. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

50  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

500 to  999 acres.... 
1,000  acres  and  over 

CALIFORNIA. 

Total 

Under  20  acres 

20  to  49  acres 

60  to  99  acres 

100  to  174  acres 

175  to  499  acres 

600  to  999  acres 

1,000  acres  and  over 


NUMBER  OF 
FARMS. 


1910      1900 


26,214 

755 

956 

1,260 

10,552 

8,339 

2,353 

1,999 

30,807 
2,005 
4,048 
5,820 
11,891 
5,866 
921 
256 

10,937 

420 

338 

645 

3,816 

3,629 

984 

1,155 

46,170 
5,670 
3,882 
4,384 
16,355 
12, 476 
2,426 
1,577 

35,676 

6,885 

2,812 

1,  '" 

15,363 

7,3r' 

836 

572 

9,227 

3,346 

1,477 

820 

2,591 

757 

164 

72 

21,676 
4,674 
6,550 
4,170 
3,660 
2,681 
651 
390 


271 
320 
411 
565 
540 
248 
344 


56,192 
10,529 
10,252 
7,105 
13,884 
9,215 
3,481 
1,726 

45,502 
6,030 
6.888 
6,800 

12,009 
9,343 
2,716 
1,716 

88, 197 
22,525 
20, 614 
10.080 
12,015 
12,551 

5,119 

4, 


13,370 

653 

399 

663 

5,613 

3,596 

1,257 

1,289 

17, 471 

804 

1,478 

2,306 

8,998 

3,278 

436 

171 

6,095 

502 

75 

257 

2,201 

1,420 

723 

917 

i 

24,700 

2,873 

2, 122 

2,526! 

9,104 

5,372: 

1,466; 

1,237 

12,31i: 

5,057 

2, 197 

959 

2,696 

769 

308 

326 

6,809 
2,' 

674 

1,581 

411 

112 

71 

19,387 
4,204 
5,261 
3,741 
3,363 
2,202 
368 
248 

2,184 
235 
231 
217 
407 
505 
262 
327 


33,202 
3,025 
4,240 
4,387 

11,249 
7,338 
2,015 


35,837 
3,071 
4,083 
4,673 

11,055 
9,228 
2,440 
1,287 

72,542 
15,082 
13.110 
8,067 
13. 196; 
13.005; 
5.329i 
4, 753 


ALL  LAND  IN  FARMS 
(ACRES). 


1910 


1900 


13,545,603 

4,382 

33,662 

96,034 

1,648,834 

2,668,526 

1,654,257 

7,439,908 

5,283,604 

16,286 

144, 087 

443,682 

1,793,755 

1,708,591 

610,397 

666,806 

8,543,010 

1,116 

12, 610 

49,985 

595, 182 

1,166,263 

703,831 

6,014,023 

13,532,113 

40,432 

126,209 

328,961 

2,526,569 

3,929,716 

1,699,403 

4,880,823 

11,270,021 

55,286 

87,971 

132, 025 

2,418,328 

2,322,242 

584,375 

6,669,794 

1,246,613 
15,496 
46,757 
59,047 
399,210 
225,491 
112,612 
388,000 

3,397.699 
45,627 
181,178 
293,613 
512, 595 
746,164 
370,088 

1,249,434 

2,714,757 

1,874 

10,328 

31,455 

81,615 

167,232 

175,691 

2,246,562 


11,712,235 

91,282 

328,883 

523,088 

2,082,832 

2,898,427 

2,442,948 

3,344,775 

11,685,110 

55,128 

227,085 

495,834 

1,753,678 

2,791,920 

1,876,662 

4,484.803 


11,844 
3 
16 
43 

882 
1,157 

900 
8,841 

3,204 
5 
54 
176. 
1,386 
958: 
286! 
336: 

8, 124, 

3 

21 

345 

498 

590: 

6,664 

9, 474 

22 

72: 

199: 

1,409 

1,701 

1,043 

5.025 

5, 130 
41 
65 
65 
413 
229 
218 
4,095 

1,935 
12 
29 
49 
241 
125 
76 
1,399, 

4,116 
40: 
173 
268 
480: 
603 
244 

2,306 

2,565 

1 

7. 

16. 

59 

158 

179, 

2,141 


IMPROVED 
ACREAGE 
OF  FARMS. 


1910 


8,499,297 

28,471 

144,567 

332, 077 

1,765,952 

2,374,994 

1,405,025 

2,448,211 

10,071,328 

29,799 

140,669 

360,734 

1,647,337 

2,815,702 

1,657,634 

3.429,453 


27,931,444   28,828,951 

200,822 

625,954 

752,951 
1,709,459 
3.816,706i 
3,535,598 


144,439 

385,844 

578, 102 

1,945,423 

3,998,456 

3,685,027 

17,289.954'  18,091.660| 


3,640 

3 

21 

55 

614 

923 

599 

1,422 

2,778 
14 
111 
280 
792 
977 
344 
257 

1,256 


33 
174 
330 
189 
518 

4,302. 
37 
99 
235 
978 
1,456, 
557 
935 

1,467 
46 
57 
02 
545 
504 
96 
153 

350 
14 
37 
38 
96 
79, 
3' 


1,368 
42 
153 
214 
256 
328 
133 
238 

752 

1 

6 

16 

38 

81 

79 

527 


6,373,311 

66, 475 

164, 236 

218, 786 

700,073 

1,692,749 

1,709,798 

1,821,194 

4,274,803 

42,075 

127,814 

238,549 

583,111 

1,140,175 
818, 971 

1,324,108 

11,389,894 

189,679 

558,296 

600,140 

972,519 

2.226.957 

1.846.502 

4,995,801 


1,450,601,488 
133,881,617 
192,799.674 
149,394,265 
161.032,374 
271,773,253 
164,166,673 
377,563,732 


« Figures  for  1900  include  Indian  Territory. 


Chapter   U. 
LIVE    STOCK  ON  FARMS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 


Introdnction. — This  chapter  presents  in  condensed 
form  the  main  results  of  the  enumeration  of  live  stock 
in  the  United  States  made  as  of  April  15,  1910,  giving 
the  statistics  by  geographic  divisions  and  by  states. 

The  census  of  agriculture  deals  in  general  only  with 
farms,  but  in  the  case  of  domestic  animals  it  includes 
also  those  not  on  farms  (mainly  in  cities  and  villages), 
although  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  collect  statis- 
tics of  poultry  or  bees  other  than  on  farms.  This 
chapter  presents  first  the  statistics  of  live  stock  on 
farms,  and  later,  in  more  condensed  form,  the  statis- 
tics of  domestic  animals  not  on  farms,  and  concludes 
with  the  combined  totals  for  domestic  animals  on 
farms  and  elsewhere. 


The  term  "live  stock"  as  used  in  the  censuses  of 
1910  and  1900  comprises  the  common  farm  animals 
(cattle,  horses,  mules,  asses  and  burros,  swine,  sheep, 
and  goats),  together  with  poultry  and  bees.  It  is 
obvious  that  in  the  consideration  of  live  stock  as  a 
whole,  no  combination  of  the  numbers  of  the  different 
classes  into  one  total  would  have  any  significance.  No 
comparison  can  be  made  except  on  the  basis  of  value. 
It  should  be  noted,  however,  that  the  increase  in  the 
aggregate  value  of  live  stock  from  1900  to  1910  is 
due  chiefly  to  the  increase  in  the  average  value  per 
head  of  the  live  stock  reported,  as  there  has  been  no 
great  increase  in  nimiber  in  any  important  class,  while 
some  classes  show  a  decrease. 


AH  LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS. 


Table  7,  page  312,  presents  statistics  of  the  value  of 
live  stock  on  farms  at  the  last  two  censuses  by  geo- 
graphic divisions  and  states.  Data  relating  to  domestic 
animals  not  on  farms  will  be  found  on  page  337,  and  a 
combination  of  the  figures  for  all  animals  both  on 
farms  and  elsewhere  on  page  342. 

The  total  value  of  all  live  stock  on  farms  in  the 
United  States  on  April  15,  1910,  was  $4,925,000,000. 
Of  this  total,  $4,760,000,000,  or  96.6  per  cent,  repre- 
sented the  value  of  domestic  animals.  During  the 
decade  the  value  of  Hve  stock  on  farms  increased 
nearly  $1,850,000,000,  or  60.1  per  cent.  During  the 
same  period  the  total  value  of  farm  property  increased 
100.5  per  cent,  the  rate  of  increase  in  the  principal 
constituent  element,  the  value  of  land,  being  118.1 
per  cent,  or  nearly  twice  as  great  as  for  live  stock. 
The  increase  in  the  value  of  live  stock  above  noted 
was  shared  by  every  geographic  division.  Much 
the  largest  absolute  increases  were  in  the  West  North 
Central  and  the  East  North  Central  divisions,  though 
in  percentage  of  increase  the  Pacific  division  ranked 
highest,  closely  followed  by  the  South  Atlantic. 

Table  1  in  the  next  column  gives  statistics  as  to  the 
value  of  live  stock  on  farms  for  certain  larger  sections 
of  the  country.  Tlie  North,  as  the  term  is  used  in 
this  chapter,  includes  the  New  England,  Middle 
Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  and  West  North  Central 
divisions;  the  South  includes  the  South  Atlantic, 
East  South  Central,  and  West  South  Central;  and  the 
West,  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions. 

The  Nortli  shows  a  greater  absolute  increase  in  the 
value  of  all  live  stock  than  the  South  and  the  West 


combined,  but  the  percentage  of  increase  is  somewhat 
lower  in  that  section  than  in  either  of  the  others. 


Table  1 

SECTION. 


The  North: 

1910 

1900 

Perct.  of  increase.. 
The  South: 

1910 

1900 

Per  ct.  of  increase '. 
The  West: 

1910 

1900 

Per  ct.  of  increase . , 

East  of  the  Mississippi: 

1910 

1900 

Per  ct.  of  increase  2. 
West  of  the  Mississippi: 

1910 

1900 

Perct.  of  increase.. 


VALUE  OF  LIVE  STOCK  ON  FABMS. 


Total." 


$2,975,094,377 
1,897,439,200 
56.8 

$1,325,405,837 
810,822,035 
63.5 

$624,673,396 
367,216,468 
70.1 


$2,158,955,039 
1,332,779,097 
62.0 

$2,766,218,571 
1,742,698,606 
58.7 


Domestic 
animals. 


$2,863,849,890 
1,835,336,173 
56.0 

$1,284,298,714 
782,407,960 
64.1 

$611,911,489 
361,453,453 
69.3 


$2,065,504,011 
1,275,186,606 
62.0 

$2,694,556,082 
1,704,010,980 
58.1 


Poultry. 


$106,311,212 
57,123,391 
86.1 

$37,415,336 
24,222,562 
54.5 

$10,936,672 

4,461,866 

145.1 


$87,589,549 
51,136,240 
71.3 

$67,073,671 
34,671,578 
93.5 


Bees. 


$4,893,160 
4,876,407 
0.3 

$3,689,547 

4,178,033 

-11.7 

$1,790,908 
1,123,647 
59.4 


$5,855,199 
6,392,366 

-8.4 

$4,518,416 
3, 785, 721 
19.4 


1  Totals  include  a  small  amount  for  the  value  of  special  classes  of  animals  (bufb- 
loes,  deer,  etc.),  not  included  under  "  domestic  animals." 
» A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

The  next  statement  shows  by  percentages  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  United  States  totals  given  in  Table  7 
among  the  geographic  divisions  and  sections  of  the 
country.  To  aid  in  interpreting  these  figures  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  total  land  in  farms  and  of  the  total 
improved  land  is  also  shown. 

The  distribution  of  the  value  ot  live  stock  corre- 
sponds in  general  more  closely  to  the  distribution  of 
improved  land  than  to  that  of  all  land  in  farms,  the 
only  conspicuous  exception  being  in  the  Mountain 
division.  The  West  North  Central,  East  North  Cen- 
tral, and  West  South  Central  divisions  are  the  most 
important  from  the  standpoint  of  value  of  live  stock. 

(309) 


310 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  North  reported  in  1910  three-fifths  of  the  total 
value  of  all  live  stock  on  farms  in  the  United  States, 
the  South  somewhat  over  one-fourth,  and  the  West 
•one-eighth. 


'Table  2 

PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

DIVISION  OR  SECTION. 

All  land 

m 
farms. 

Im- 
proved 
land  in 
farms. 

Value  of 
all  live 
stock. 

Value  of 
domestic 
animals. 

Value 

of 
poul- 
try. 

Value 

of 
bees. 

1910  1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

100.0 

2.0 
7.1 
19.8 
31.5 
7.4 
7.5 
12.0 
7.9 
4.8 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1910 

XTnited  States 

New  England 

100.0 

II 

13.4 
26.5 
11.8 
9.3 
19.3 
6.8 
5.8 

100.0 

2.5 
5.4 
13.9 
24.0 
12.4 
9.7 
21.1 
5.5 
5.7 

4.'i.fi 

100.0 

1.5 
6.1 
18.6 
34.3 
10.1 
9.2 
12.2 
3.3 
4.6 

100.0 

2.0 
7.4 
20.9 
32.7 
11.1 
9.7 
9.6 
2.0 
4.5 

100.0 

2.4 
8.0 
19.7 
31.6 
6.3 
6.9 
13.1 
7.9 
4.0 

100.0 

1.9 
6.9 
19.7 
31.6 
7.4 
7.5 
12.1 
8.1 
4.8 

100.0 

2.4 
7.9 
19.5 
31.8 
6.2 
6.8 
13.2 
8.1 
4.0 

100.0 

3.4 
11.5 
25.3 
28.6 
8.8 
7.7 
7.7 
3.0 
4.1 

100.0 
1.9 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain .  . 

11.2 
17.4 
16.7 
15.2 
10.8 
9.6 
7.6 

Pacific 

9.7 

The  North 

47.1 

60.6 

31.5 

7.9 

63.0 
30.4 

6.6 

60.4 
26.9 
12.7 

61.7 
26.4 
11.9 

60.2 
27.0 
12.9 

61.6 
26.3 
12.1 

68.7 

24.2 

7.1 

47.2 

The  South 

The  West 

40.3   43.2 
12.6   11.2 

35.6 
17.3 

East  of  the  Mississippi . . 
West  of  the  Mississippi.. 

41.7   43.8 
58.3   56.2 

45.6 
54.4 

51.1 
48.9 

43.8 
56.2 

43.3 
56.7 

43.4 
56.6 

42.8 
57.2 

56.6 
43.4 

56.4 
43.6 

The  following  table  shows  the  average  value  of  live 
stock  per  farm  and  per  acre  "of  land  in  farms : 


Table  3 

DIVISION. 

AVERAGE  SIZE  OF 
FARMS  (ACRES). 

VALUE  OF  LIVE 

STOCK  PER 

FARM. 

VALUE  OF  LIVE 
STOCK  PER  ACRE 
OF  FARM  LAND. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

TJnited  States 

138.1 

104.4 
92.2 
105.0 
209.6 
93.3 
78.2 
179.3 
324.5 
270.3 

146.2 

107.1 
.    92.4 
102.4 
189.5 
108.4 
89.9 
233.8 
457.9 
334.8 

$774 

519 

745 

869 

1,398 

330 

354 

625 

2,119 

1,242 

$536. 
390 
506 
532 
917 
202 
236 
534 
2,406 
871 

$5.60 

4.97 
8.08 
8.28 
6.67 
3.53 
4.53 
3.49 
6.53 
4.60 

$3.67 

3.64 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic . . 

5.48 

East  North  Central 

5.20 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

4.84 
1.86 

East  South  Central 

2.63 

West  South  Central 

2.28 
5.26 

Pacific 

2.60 

Inasmuch  as  in  each  division  the  value  of  domestic 
animals  constitutes  the  greater  part  of  the  value  of 
aU  live  stock,  its  distribution  naturally  corresponds 
closely  to  that  of  the  total.  The  distribution  of  the 
value  of  poultry  is  somewhat  different  and  that  of  the 
value  of  bees  decidedly  different.  The  five  divisions 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River  each  reported  in  1910  a 
much  larger  proportion  of  the  value  of  the  poultry  on 
farms  than  they  did  of  the  value  of  domestic  animals 
on  farms,  while  the  opposite  is  true  of  the  four  divi- 
sions west  of  the  Mississippi. 


The  average  value  of  live  stock  per  farm  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  was  $774  in  1910.  The 
average  per  farm  was  highest  in  the  Mountain,  West 
North  Central,  and  Pacific  divisions,  which  are  also 
divisions  in  which  the  average  size  of  farms  con- 
siderably exceeds  the  average  for  the  United  States. 
In  all  but  one  division  the  average  value  of  live  stock 
per  farm  was  greater  in  1910  than  in  1900.  Largely 
because  of  the  great  decrease  in  the  average  size  of 
farms  in  the  Mountain  division,  however,  the  average 
value  per  farm  in  that  division  decreased. 

The  value  of  live  stock  per  acre  of  farm  land  in  the 
United  States  as  reported  in  1910  was  S5.60.  The 
highest  average  per  acre  was  in  the  East  North  Central 
division,  and  the  next  highest  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
division.  In  the  three  southern  divisions  the  value 
of  live  stock  per  acre  is  comparatively  low.  Between 
1900  and  1910  the  value  of  live  stock  per  acre  increased 
materially  in  each  geographic  division. 


DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  ON  FARMS. 


In  comparing  the  aggregate  number  and  value  of  the 
several  classes  of  domestic  animals  as  reported  at  the 
censuses  of  1910  and  1900,  due  consideration  must  be 
given  to  the  fact  that  the  enumeration  of  1900  was  as 
of  June  1,  while  that  of  1910  was  as  of  April  15.  Had 
the  census  of  1910  been  taken  as  of  June  1,  the  number 
of  animals — especially  of  cattle,  swine,  and  sheep — 
would  have  been  materially  greater  than  reported,  for 
the  reason  that  a  very  large  number  of  domestic  ani- 
mals of  all  kinds  are  born  during  the  six  weeks  from 
AprU  15  to  June  1.  As  the  value  per  head  of  these 
animals  would  be  relatively  low,  however,  an  enumera- 
tion at  the  later  date  would  not  have  had  the  effect  of 
increasing  the  total  value  of  animals  reported  in  any- 
thing like  the  same  degree;  in  other  words,  the  aver- 
age value  per  head  would  have  been  lower  than  that 
based  upon  the  figures  reported  for  April  15. 

Table  4,  on  the  opposite  page,  summarizes,  for 
the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the  principal  facts  with 
regard  to  the  several  classes  of  domestic  animals  on 
farms. 


While  there  was  during  the  decade  1900-1910  a 
great  increase  in  the  total  value  of  domestic  animals, 
this  was  due  chiefly  to  the  increase  in  average  value 
per  head.  The  returns  show  an  apparent  decrease 
in  the  number  of  cattle,  swine,  and  sheep,  and  only 
a  comparatively  slight  increase  in  the  number  of 
horses.  Had  both  censuses  been  taken  as  of  June  1, 
there  would  probably  have  been  much  less  decrease 
in  the  number  of  cattle  and  of  sheep,  a  moderate 
increase  in  the  number  of  swine,  and  a  somewhat 
greater  increase  in  the  number  of  horses  and  of  mules 
than  is  shown  in  Table  4. 

Horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  together  con- 
tributed more  than  one-half  (55.1  per  cent)  of  the 
value  of  domestic  animals  on  farms  in  1910,  while 
cattle,  which  contributed  almost  one-half  (49.5  per 
cent)  of  the  total  in  1900,  contributed  less  than  one- 
third  (31.5  per  cent)  in  1910. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  a  smaller  proportion  of  aU 
farmers  reported  horses  in  1910  than  in  1900,  while  a 
decidedly  larger  proportion  reported   mules.     Swine 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


311 


were  reported  by  a  smaller  percentage  of  all  farmers 
in  1910  than  in  1900,  and  sheep  by  not  only  a  smaller 


percentage,  but  a  smaller  absolute  number.     The  pro- 
portion reporting  cattle,  however,  increased  slightly. 


Table  4 

All  domestic 
animals. 

Cattle. 

HOKSES,  MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BXTEROS. 

Swine. 

Sheep. 

Total. 

Horses. 

Mules. 

Asses  and 
burros. 

Goats. 

Nomberof  aaimals(April  15). 1910 

61,803,866 

67,719,410 

-5,915,644 

-8.7 

$1,499,523,607 

$1,475,204,633 

$24,318,974 

1.6 

31.5 

49.5 

$24. 26 

$21.78 

5,284,916 

4,730,480 

83.1 

82.4 

24,148,580 

21,625,800 

2,522,780 

11.7 

$2,622,180,170 

$1,098,546,454 

$1,523,633,716 

138.7 

55.1 

36.9 

$108.  59 

$50.80 

19,833,113 

18,267,020 

1,566,093 

8.6 

$2,083,588,195 

$896,513,217 

$1,187,074,978 

132.4 

43.8 

30.1 

$105. 06 

$49.08 

4,692,814 

4,530,628 

73.8 

79.0 

4,209,769 

3,264,615 

945, 154 

29.0 

$525,391,863 

$196,222,053 

$329,169,810 

167.8 

11.0 

6.6 

$124. 80 

$60.11 

1,869,005 

1,480,652 

29.4 

25.8 

105,698 

94,165 

11,533 

12.2 

$13,200,112 

$5,811,184 

$7,388,928 

127.1 

0.3 

0.2 

$124. 89 

$61. 71 

43,927 

33,584 

0.7 

0.6 

58,185,676 

62,868,041 

.    -4,682,365 

-7.4 

$399,338,308 

$231,978,031 

$167,360,277 

72.1 

8.4 

7.8 
$6.86 
$3.69 

4,351,751 

4,335,363 

68.4 

75.6 

52,447,861 

61,503,713 

-9,055,852 

-14.7 

$232,841,585 

$170,203,119 

$62,638,466 

36.8 

4.9 
5.7 

$4.44 
$2.77 

610,894 

763,518 

9.6 

13.3 

(June  1)..1900 

2,915,125 

Increase ' 

1,870,599 

Per  cent 

1,044,526 

Value  of  animals 1910 

1900 
Increase 

$4,760,060,093 

$2,979,197,586 

$1,780,802,507 

59.8 

100.0 
100.0 

55.8 

$6,176,423 
$3,265,349 

Per  cent 

$2,911,074 

Per  cent  of  total  value  of  domestic 

animals 1910 

1900 
A  verage  value  per  head 1910 

89.1 

0.1 
0.1 

1900 

$2. 12 

Number  of  farms  reporting .  1910 

6,034,783 

5,498,417 

94.9 

05.8 

$1.75 

1900 
Per  cent  of  all  farms 19 10 

82,755 
77,515 

1900 

1.4 

1 A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


The  following  statement  shows  the  percentage 
which  the  number  of  each  kind  of  animals  in  each 
geographic  division  or  section  of  the  country  repre- 
sents of  the  total  for  the  United  States: 


Table  5 

PEE  CENT  OF 

TOTAL  NUMBER  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

DIVISION  OR 
SECTION. 

Cattle. 

Horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros. 

Swine. 

Sheep. 

Total. 

Horses. 

Mules. 

Asses 

and 

burroe. 

Goats. 

United  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central .. 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central.. 
Mountain 

100.0 
2.2 
6.8 
15.9 
28.6 
7.8 
6.4 
17.3 
9.8 
5.2 

100.0 

1.5 

5.3 

19.3 

31.2 

7.7 

9.0 

15.2 

6.2 

4.6 

100.0 

1.8 
6.2 
22.2 
34.3 
6.6 
5.8 
11.8 
7.2 
5.1 

100.0 

(') 

1.2 

6.2 

17.0 

17.8 

23.8 

30.6 

1.2 

2.2 

100.0 
0.1 
0.6 
5.1 
21.1 
3.2 
14.9 
28.2 
23.7 
3.1 

100.0 

0.7 
3.1 
24.9 
36.6 
10.2 
9.3 
12.1 
1.1 
2.0 

100.0 

0.8 
3.6 
18.2 
9.7 
4.8 
4.8 
4.2 
43.4 
10.7 

100.0 

0.1 
0.3 
1.2 
3.9 
7.2 
6.8 
43.8 
26  3 

Pacific 

11  4 

The  North 

53.5 
31.6 
15.0 

57.3 
31.9 
10.8 

64.4 
23.2 
12.3 

24.5 
72.2 
3.3 

27.0 
46.2 
26.8 

65.2 
31.7 
3.1 

32.2 
13.7 
64.1 

5  5 

The  South 

57  8 

The  West 

36  7 

Eastof  the  Mississippi 
Westof  the  Mississippi 

39.1 
60.9 

42.8 
57. 2 

41.6 

58.4 

49.1 
50.9 

24.0 
76.0 

48.2 
51.8 

32.1 
67.9 

15.6 

84.4 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  West  North  Central  division  has  the  largest 
proportion  of  any  division  of  the  total  number  in 
the  case  of  cattle,  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros  combined,  and  of  swine,  the  Mountain  divi- 
sion much  the  largest  proportion  of  the  sheep,  and  the 


West  South  Central  division  much  the  largest  propor- 
tion of  the  goats.  The  North  has  more  than  half  of 
the  total  number  of  cattle  and  nearly  two-thirds  of 
the  horses  and  the  swine ;  but  the  South  has  a  larger 
proportion  of  the  mules,  asses  and  burros,  and  goats 
than  the  North  or  the  West;  while  the  West  has  more 
than  half  of  the  sheep  of  the  country.  The  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River  contains  a  larger  num- 
ber of  each  kind  of  animals  than  the  territory  east 
of  the  river. 

Table  6  shows,  for  1910  and  1900,  the  10  states 
leading  in  the  total  value  of  live  stock  on  farms  and 
in  the  number  of  the  several  classes  or  groups  of 
domestic  animals,  respectively,  the  states  being  ar- 
ranged in  the  order  of  their  rank. 

The  wide  distribution  of  most  classes  of  live  stock  is 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  the  10  states  which  lead  in 
the  total  value  of  live  stock  together  report  less  than 
one-half  of  the  total  for  the  United  States.  Texas  has 
been  at  the  last  two  censuses  the  leading  state  with 
respect  to  the  number  of  all  cattle  and  the  number  of 
horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  considered  to- 
gether. At  both  censuses  New  York  has  led  with 
respect  to  the  number  of  dairy  cows,  and  Iowa  with 
respect  to  the  number  of  swine,  Wyoming  had  the 
largest  number  of  sheep  and  goats,  taken  together,  in 
1910,  but  Montana  had  the  greatest  number  in  1900. 


Table  6 

STATES  LEADING  IN  NUMBER  OF  ANIMALS  ON  FARMS. 

^ 

§ 

» 

OF  ALL  LIVE    STOCK. 

All  cattle. 

Dairy  cows. 

Horses,  mules,  and  asses 
and  burros. 

Swine. 

Sheep  and  goats. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

Iowa 

Texas 

Illinois 

Missouri... 

Kansas 

Nebraska. . 

Ohio 

New  York. 

Indiana 

Minnesota.. 

Iowa 

Texas...;.. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Nebraska. . 
Wisconsin.. 

Missouri 

Illinois 

New  York. 
Minnesota.. 
California.. 

Texas 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Oklahoma . 
Nebraska. . 

Illinois 

Missouri . . . 
New  York. 
Wisconsin.. 
Ohio 

New  York... 
Wisconsin — 

New  York. . . 

Texas 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kansas .... 
Nebraska. . 
Oklahoma  . 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Minnesota.. 

Texas 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Missouri . . 

Kansas 

Ohio 

Nebraska . 
Indiana... 
Minnesota. 
Kentucky. 

Iowa 

Illinois 

Missouri. . 
Indiana... 
Nebraska . 

Ohio 

Kansas 

Texas 

Oklahoma 
Wisconsin. 

Iowa 

Illinois 

Missouri . . 
Nebraska  . 
Indiana... 

Kansas 

Ohio 

Texas 

Wisconsin 
Tennessee. 

Wyoming. . . 

Montana 

Ohio 

New  Mexico 

Idaho 

Texas 

Oregon 

California. .. 

Michigan 

Missouri 

2 

Texas 

Illinois 

Kansas 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Ohio  

New  Mexica 

Wyoming. 

Ohio. 

Utah. 

Oregon. 

3 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

Pennsylvania 

Texas 

Ohio 

4 
5 
6 
7 

Minnesota — 

Illinois 

Texas 

Pennsylvania 
Ohio 

8 

New  York... 

Indiana 

Pennsylvania 

Missouri 

Minnesota 

Kansas 

Michigan. 
California. 
Texas. 

9 
10 

Missouri 

Michigan 

312 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS— VALUE  OF  THE  SEVERAL  CLASSES,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  7 

DIVISION  OK  STATE. 


tTnited  States  . . . 
GEOGEAPmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

TndiaTift 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Teimessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  UVE  STOCK. 1 


1910 


$4,925,173,610 


97,896; 
349, 159; 
976,329 
1,551,708, 
360,534 
309,034 
589,837; 
388,746, 
235,926; 


25, 161 
11,910; 
22,642; 
20,741 
3,276, 
14, 163 

183,090, 
24,588, 
141,480, 

197,332 
173,800, 
308,804 
137,803 
158,529; 

161,641; 
393,003; 
285,839; 
108,249; 
127,229; 
222,222; 
253,523 

6,817 
32,570; 

152; 

74,891 
43,336, 
62,649; 
45, 131 
80,393 
20,591 

117,486; 

110,706; 
65,594, 
75,247 

74,058, 

44, 
152,432, 
318,646, 

85,663 
49,775; 
65,605; 
70, 161 
43,494 
26,050; 
28,781 
19,213 

48,865, 
59,461 
127,599; 


1900 


$3,075,477,703 


74,826,332 
245,635,518 
604,633,707 
972,343,643 
194,302,808 
213,320,732 
403,138,495 
243,830,888 
123,379,580 


17,106,034 
10,554,646 
17,841,317 
15,798,404 
2,593,659 
10,932,212 

125,583,715 
17,612,620 
102,439,183 

125,954,616 
109,5.50,761 
193,758,037 
79,042,644 
96,327,649 

89,063,097 
278,830,096 
160,540,004 
42,430,491 
65,173,432 
145,349,587 
190,956,936 

4,111,054 
20,855,877 
125,326 
42,020,737 
30,571,259 
30, 100, 173 
20,199,859 
35,200,507 
11,160,016 

73,739,106 
60,818,005 
30,105,799 
42,657,222 

37,483,771 

28,869,506 

'96,208,263 

240,576,955 

52,161,833 

21,657,974 
39,145,877 
49,954,311 
31,727,400 
15,545,687 
21,474,241 
12,109,565 

22,159,207 
33,917,048 
67,303,325 


Percent 
of  in- 
crease. 


60.1 


30.8 
42.1 
61.5 
59.6 
88.6 
73.0 
40.3 
59.4 
91.2 


47.1 
12.8 
20.9 

31.3 
26.3 
29.6 

45.8 
39.6 
38.1 

50.7 
58.7 
59.4 
74.3 
64.6 

81.5 
40.9 
78.0 
155.1 
95.2 
52.9 
32.8 


56.2 
22.0 
78.2 
41.8 
108.1 
123.4 
128.4 
84.4 

59.3 
82.0 
81.7 
76.4 

97.6 
54.8 
58.4 
32.5 

64.2 
129.8 
67.6 
40.5 
37.1 
67.6 
34.0 
57.9 

120.5 
75.3 
89.6 


DOMESTIC  ANIMALS. 


1910 


$4,760,060,093 


92,462,323 
330,213,413 
935, 450, 253 
1,505,717,901 
351,328,058 
350,043,904 
570,926,692 
383,272,141 
228,639,348 


23,989,501 
11,237,704 
21,990,630 
19,208,712 
2,902,316 
13,133,340 

174,500,658 
22,325,409 
133,327,286 

187,523,324 
165,867,178 
296,019,153 
131,740,348 
153,700,250 

156,771,855 
380,201,586 
273,306,602 
106,761,317 
124,841,010 
217,849,050 
245,920,421 

6,243,368 
30,049,901 
145,573 
71,192,843 
41,318,436 
60,050,731 
43,790,143 
78,118,098 
19,818,905 

112,605,412 
100,008,122 
63,574,674 
73,255,756 

71,794,480 

43,314,683 

148,652,983 

313,164,540 

84,999,659 
49,076,971 
65,384,559 
68,840,485 
43,191,913 
24,376,530 
28,330,215 
19,071,809 

47,370,775 
58,243,921 
123,024,652 


$2,979,197,586 


70,994,088 
234,366,768 
581,889,163 
948,080,154 
184,152,273 
203,784,314 
394,471,373 
241,842,845 
119,010,008 


10,298,422 
10,062,877 
17,373,169 
14,730,169 
2,281,817 
10,247,634 

120,673,101 
16,269,548 
97,424,119 

120,466,134 
105,048,528 
186,856,020 
75,997,051 
93,521,430 

86,620,643 
271,844,034 
154,295,363 
41,951,659 
04,287,578 
142,769,629 
186,317,248 

3,733,335 
19,636,844 
122,019 
39,831,552 
29,231,832 
28,242,147 
19,167,229 
33,499,683 
10,687,632 

70,488,187 
58,043,895 
34,408,932 
40,843,300 

35,739,425 

27,757,301 

»  94,746,713 

236,227,934 

61,724,113 
21,389,853 
39,080,158 
49,359,781 
31,644,179 
15,375,286 
21,175,867 
12,093,608 

21,437,628 
33,172,342 
65,000,738 


Percent 
of  in- 
crease. 


30.2 
40.9 
60.8 
58.8 
90.8 
74.7 
4G.3 
58.5 
91.1 


47.2 
11.7 
26.6 
30.4 
27.2 
28.2 

44.7 
37.2 
36.9 

55.7 
57.9 
58.7 
73.4 
64.3 

81.0 
39.9 
77.2 
154.5 
94.2 
52.6 
32.0 

67.2 
56.1 
19.3 
78.7 
41.3 
112.6 
128.5 
133.2 
85.4 

59.8 
83.7 
84.8 
79.4 

100.9 
56.0 
56.9 
32.6 

64.3 
129.4 
67.3 
39.5 
30.5 
58.5 
33.8 
57.7 

121.0 
75.6 
89.3 


1910 


$164,663,220 


5,238,461 
17,775,385 
39,070,998 
44,226,308 
13,031,507 
11,873,198 
11,910,031 
4,656,963 
6,279,709 


1,131,921 
649, 121 
607,787 

1,492,961 
368,018 
988,663 

7,879,388 
2,221,610 
7,674,387 

9,532,672 
7,762,016 
11,696,650 
5,610,958 
4,468,703 

4,646,960 
12,269,881 
11,870,972 
1,486,463 
2,356,465 
4,219,158 
7,377,469 

560,146 
1,858,570 
6,477 
3,396,962 
1,628,700 
2,212,670 
1,206,615 
2,088,653 

673,814 

4,461,871 
3,757,337 
1,807,239 
1,840,751 

2,063,432 
1,326,014 
3,713,943 
4,806,«42 

628,436 
598, 190 
194,078 

1,012,251 
250,466 

1,645,966 
327,908 
93,668 

1,367,440 
1,067,743 
3,844,526 


1900 


$85,807,818 


3,011,608 
10,095,094 
20,819,900 
22,596,723 
8,645,899 
8,063,073 
7,012,990 
1,302,014 
3,099,851 


756, 153 
407, 104 
421, 195 
1,018,119 
305,047 
644,050 

4,310,755 
1,300,853 
4,483,486 

5,085,921 
4,222,409 
0,415,033 
2,685,829 
2,410,714 

2,274,649 
6,535,464 
5,720,359 
477,358 
850, 966 
2,374,930 
4,356,997 

367,475 

1,158,020 

3,108 

1,886,768 

963,805 
1,434,158 

889,953 
1,468,055 

394,557 

2,723,221 
2,275,864 
1,469,269 
1,655,319 

1,540,006 

1,057,889 

2  1,416,127 

3,598,908 

296,806 
203,127 

60,397 
393,219 

62,419 
103,298 
186,922 

55,826 

014,838 

682,524 

1,002,489 


Percent 
of  in- 
crease. 


80.2 


45.0 
70.1 
87.7 
95.7 
59.5 
47.2 
50.5 
241.9 
102.0 


49.7 
39.0 
44.3 
46.6 
20.6 
53.6 

82.8 
70.8 
71.2 

87.4 
83.8 
82.3 
108.9 
85.4 

104.3 
87.7 
107.6 
211.2 
176.0 
77.7 
69.3 

56.7 
60.5 
108.4 
80.0 
69.0 
54.3 
36.6 
43.3 
70.8 

63.8 
65.1 
28.2 
11.6 

34.0 
26.4 
162.3 
33.6 

111.7 
194.5 
221.3 
157.4 
310.9 
1,396.7 
76.4 
67.8 

122.4 
83.3 
102.1 


$10,373,615 


1910 


195,959 
1,100,587 
1,800,931 
1,729,683 
1,574,577 
1,117,145 
997,825 
784,066 
1,006,852 


40,357 
23,593 
44,349 
39,683 
6,138 
41,839 

646,848 
41,560 
478, 179 

275,726 
230,478 
487,733 
446,464 
300,630 

221,781 
517,329 
584,549 
3,080 
31,650 
152,676 
218,612 

13,609 
01,603 
790 
302,623 
388,937 
386,683 
134,622 
187,242 
98,468 

419,379 
340,619 
212,921 
144,226 

200,049 

58,188 
64,261 
075,327 

32, 112 
100, 148 

20,493 
308,008 

46,300 
104,374 
123,568 

48,453 

120,896 
160,164 
729,793 


$10,178,087 


200, 151 
1,104,581 
1,897,103 
1,008,512 
1,004,036 
1,459,835 
1,053,502 
492,539 
631, 108 


51,469 
24,605 
46,953 
35,751 
6,795 
40,528 

693,784 
39,219 

631,678 

402,561 
278,864 
486, 164 
352,469 
377, 105 

107,280 
443,923 
508,217 
1,474 
10,088 
199,503 
277,907 

20,244 
61,013 
199 
308,417 
375,622 
429,808 
142,677 
242,769 
83,827 

527,098 
486,636 
287,598 
158,603 

264,340 

54,316 

» 45, 423 

749,483 

8,139 
64,994 
5,322 
195,096 
20,802 
00,603 
111,452 
20, 131 

106,841 
160,382 
363,885 


1  Totals  include  a  small  amount  for  the  value  of  special  classes  of  animals  (buffaloes,  deer,  etc.)  not  Included  under  "  domestic  animals."    •  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND   ELSEWHERE, 


313 


CATTLE  ON  FARMS. 


TTnited  States  as  a  whole. — Comparisons  between  the 
censuses  of  1910  and  1900  with  reference  to  the 
statistics  of  cattle  are  rendered  difficult,  not  only  by 
the  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration,  already  men- 
tioned, but  by  changes  in  the  definitions  of  the  sev- 
eral classes  of  cattle  which  seemed  necessary  in  view 
of  the  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration.^ 

The  tabular  statement  below  shows  the  exact  desig- 


nations of  the  various  classes  as  they  appeared  upon 
the  schedules  for  the  two  censuses,  and  the  number 
reported  in  each  class.  The  age  limits,  expressed  in 
months,  which  correspond  to  the  dates  specified  in 
1910,  and  the  limits,  expressed  in  date  of  birth, 
which  correspond  to  the  ages  specified  in  1900,  are  also 
stated.  For  purposes  of  comparison  it  is  necessary 
to  combine  all  steers  and  bulls  at  both  censuses. 


Table  8            1910  (Apkil  15). 

1900  (June  1). 

CLASSES  FOB 

COMPARISON 

Class  as  defined  in 

Corre- 
sponding 
age  limits. 

Number. 

Class  as  defined  in 
schedule. 

Corresponding 

limits  of  date  of 

birth. 

Number. 

Designation  in 

comparative 

tables. 

Number. 

Nominal  increase.* 

schedule. 

1910 

1900 

Numljer. 

Per 

cent. 

Total 

61, 803,86* 

Total 

87,719,410 

Total 

Dairy  cows 

other  cows 

Heifers 

61,803,866 

67,719,410 

-5,916,544 

-8.7 

Over    loi 
months. 

Over    loj 
months. 

3i  to  15i 
months. 

Over    15J 
months. 

3i  to  loi 
months. 

Under  3i 
months. 

Cowskeptformilk 
2  years  old  and 
over. 
Cows  and  heifers 
not     kept     for 
milk  2  years  old 
•  and  over. 
Heifers  1  and  un- 
der 2  years. 
[Bulls  1  year  and 
1    over. 

1  Steers  2  years  and 
I    over. 
Steers  1  and  under 

2  years. 
Calves    under    1 
year. 

Before  June  1, 

1898. 

Before  June   1, 
1898. 

June  1,  1898,  to 

June  1, 1899. 
Before  June  1, 

1899. 
Before  June   1, 

1898. 
June  1,  1898,  to 

June  1,1899. 
June  1,  1899,  to 

June  1,  1900. 

Cows  and  heifers  kept  for 

milk  bom  before  Jan. 

1, 1909. 
Cows  and  heifers  not  kept 

for  milk   bom   before 

Jan.  1, 1909. 

Heifers  bom  in  1909 

20,625,432 
12,023,682 

7,293,880 

]■    7,598,258 

5,450,289 
7, 806,  .539 

17,135,633 
11,559,194 

7,174,i83 
1,315,132 
8,266,273 
6,953,113 
15,315,582 

20, 025, 432 
12,023,682 

7,295,880 

13,048,547 
7,806,539 

17,135,633 
11,559,194 

7,174,483 

16,534,518 
15,315,582 

3,489,799 
464,488 

121,397 

-3,485,971 
-7,509,043 

20.4 
4.0 

1  7 

Steers  and  bulls  bom  be- 
fore Jan.  1, 1909. 

Steers  and  bulls  bom  in 

1909. 
Calves  bom  after  Jan.  1, 

Steers  and  bulls. 
Calves 

-21.1 
49  0 

1910. 

>  A  minus  sign  (— ) 

With  respect  to  the  total  number  of  cattle,  the  com- 
parability of  the  returns  is  affected  only  by  the  change 
in  the  date  of  enumeration  from  June  1  at  the  Twelfth 
Census  to  April  15  at  the  Thirteenth  Census.  The 
period  of  six  weeks  between  April  15  and  June  1  is, 
however,  one  in  which  an  exceedingly  large  number  of 
calves  are  born.  There  were  at  least  as  many  cows 
to  produce  calves  in  1910  as  in  1900  (probably  some- 
what more),  so  that  presumably  had  the  enumeration 
of  1910  been  made  as  of  June  1  there  would  have  been 
at  least  as  many  calves  less  than  1  year  old  as  there 
were  in  1900,  namely,  15,316,000.  Much  the  greater 
part  of  these  would  have  consisted  of  calves  born 
between  January  1  and  June  1,  1910,  as  many  more 
calves  are  born  during  the  first  five  months  of  the 
year  than  during  the  last  seven  months,  and,  more- 
over, of  those  born  in  the  later  months  of  the  year  a 
much  larger  proportion  would  be  slaughtered  by  June 
1.     It  is  reasonable  to  suppose,  therefore,  that  had  the 

'At  the  census  of  1900  the  ages  of  cattle,  as  well  as  of  other  domestic 
animals,  were  stated  in  years — for  example,  less  than  1  year  old, 
1  to  2  years,  2  years  and  over.  This  method  of  reporting  prob- 
ably gave  reasonably  accurate  results  when  the  date  of  enu- 
meration was  June  1,  but  had  it  been  employed  when  the  date  of 
enumeration  was  April  15  the  results  would  have  been  unsatis- 
factory. That  date  is  in  the  very  middle  of  the  period  when  the 
greater  number  of  animals  are  bom.  Farmers  of  course  do  not 
keep  accurate  records  of  the  ages  of  their  animals,  and  many  would 
have  found  it  impossible  to  state  on  April  15,  1910,  which  animals 
were  under  or  over  1  year  or  2  years  of  age.  Moreover,  a  clas- 
sification which  would  divide  a  group  of  animals  bom  during 
the  same  spring  and  put  some  in  one  class  and  some  in  another 
would  obviously  be  unsatisfactory.  It  was  therefore  considered 
necessary  at  the  census  of  1910  to  base  the  classification  of  age  upon 
calendar  years,  calling  for  all  animals  bom  after,  during,  or  before 
the  year  1909,  respectively.  This  involved  radical  changes  in  the 
age  limits  of  some  of  the  groups,  as  compared  with  those  employed 
in  1900. 


denotes  decrease. 

enumeration  of  1910  been  made  as  of  June  1,  there 
would  have  been  twelve  or  thirteen  million  calves 
reported  as  bom  during  1910,  or  five  or  six  million 
more  than  were  actually  reported  on  April  15  as  born 
during  that  year  (7,807,000).  On  the  other  hand,  a 
certain  number — probably  one  or  two  million — of  the 
older  cattle  would  have  been  slaughtered  or  otherwise 
eliminated  between  April  15  and  June  1,  so  that  the 
net  addition  to  the  total  number  of  cattle  on  June  1 
would  have  been  perhaps  four  or  five  million. 

Instead,  therefore,  of  a  decrease  in  the  total  number 
of  cattle  from  67,719,000  on  June  1,  1900,  to  61,804,000 
on  April  15,  1910  (a  decrease  of  5,916,000,  or  8.7  per 
cent),  there  would  probably  have  been  a  decrease  of 
not  more  than  three  million,  and  possibly  not  over 
one  million,  had  the  enumeration  of  1910  been  made 
as  of  June  1.  Even  a  comparatively  small  decrease 
in  the  number  of  cattle,  however,  is  significant  when 
considered  in  connection  with  the  increase  of  21  per 
cent  in  population  during  the  decade. 

The  number  of  dairy  cows  reported  in  1910  was 
20,625,000,  and  the  number  reported  in  1900  was 
17,136,000,  so  that  there  was  a  nominal  increase  of 
20.4  per  cent.  The  number  of  dairy  cows,  however,  as 
reported  at  the  census  of  1910,  includes  all  born  prior 
to  January  1,  1909,  or,  in  other  words,  all  over  15^ 
months  old,  while  the  class  in  1900  included  only  those 
2  years  of  age  or  over.  It  would  be  necessary,  in  order 
to  make  the  1910  figures  exactly  comparable  with  the 
1900  figures,  first,  to  subtract  from  the  number  of  cows 
reported  on  April  15,  1910,  the  number  of  those  cows 
which  were  born  between  June  1,  1908,  and  January 
1,  1909,  since  these  would  have  been  counted  as  heif- 


314 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


ers  if  the  age  classification  had  been,  the  same  as  at  the 
census  of  1900;  and,  second,  to  subtract  also  the  num- 
ber of  such  cows  slaughtered  or  otherwise  eliminated 
between  April  15  and  June  1,  1910.  Neither  of  these 
deductions  would  be  large,  and  it  is  certain  that,  after 
making  all  necessary  allowances,  there  was  a  very- 
considerable  increase  in  the  number  of  dairy  cows. 

Cows  and  heifers  not  kept  for  milk  increased  nomi- 
nally by  4  per  cent  during  the  decade,  but  in  the 
absence  of  any  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration  or 
the  method  of  classification,  some  little  decrease  would 
possibly  have  appeared  in  this  group. 

The  number  of  animals  classed  as  steers  and  bulls 
declined  from  16,535,000  in  1900  to  13,049,000  in 
1910,  or  21.1  per  cent,  and  had  there  been  no  change 
in  the  date  of  enumeration  or  method  of  classification 
the  decline  would  have  been  even  greater.  The 
number  of  heifers  at  the  two  censuses  is  approxi- 
mately comparable,  since  in  each  case  it  includes  the 
animals  born  during  a  12-month  period.  This  class 
shows  very  little  change  in  numbers  between  the  two 
censuses. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  the  census  returns  show  that  the 
dairy  industry  is  increasing  in  importance,  while  the 
business  of  raising  cattle  for  slaughter  is  declining. 

Table  9  shows,  for  1910  and  1900,  the  value  of  the 
principal  classes  of  cattle,  as  well  as  the  number  of 
farms  reporting  each  class  in  1910. 


There  was  a  very  considerable  increase  in  the  total 
value  of  dairy  cows,  but  a  decrease  in  the  value  of  all 
the  other  classes  shown  in  the  table. 


Table  9 


1910— Number 

Value 

Average  value.. 

Farms  report'g.. 

Per  cent  of  all 

farms , 


1900— Number . .. 

Value 

Average  value.. 


All  cattle 

(including 

calves). 


161,803,866 

» $1,499,523,607 

24.26 

5,284,916 

83.1 

67,719,410 
$1,475,204,633 
$21. 78 


Dairy 
cows. 


20, 625, 432 

$706,236,307 

$34.24 

5,140,869 

80.8 

17, 135, 633 

$508,616,501 

$29.68 


Other 
cows. 


12,02.3,682 

$269, 160, 193 

$22. 39 

1,444,733 

22.7 

11,559,194 
$271,302,682 
$23. 47 


Heifers. 


7,295, 

$103,194,026 

$14. 14 

2,374,507 

37.3 

7,174,483 

$121,528,076 

$16.94 


Steers  and 
bulls. 


13,048,547 
$347,901,174 
$26.66 


16,534,518 
$436, 467,  .373 
$26.40 


1  Includes  1,003,786  uncla-ssifled  cattle,  valued  at  $21,031,774. 

Divisions  and  states. — Table  14  (pages  316  and  317) 
shows,  for  each  geographic  division  and  each  state, 
the  number  and  value  of  the  several  classes  of  cattle 
on  farms  at  the  last  two  censuses.  Table  10  below 
shows  the  percentage  distribution  of  each  class  among 
the  divisions  and.  sections,  and  also  the  average 
number  of  all  cattle  (excluding  calves)  and  of  dairy 
cows  per  1 ,000  acres  of  land  in  farms  and  of  improved 
farm  land.  The  distribution  of  calves  is  not  shown, 
because  the  difference  in  climate  so  affects  the 
relative  number  of  calves  born  before  April  15  in  the 
different  divisions  that  such  a  distribution  would  not 
represent  normal  conditions. 


Table  lO 

PER 

CENT  OF  TOTAI 

NUMBER  IN  THE  tJNITED  STATES. 

AVERAGE  NUMBER  PER 
1,000    ACRES    OF   ALL 
LAND  IN  FARMS. 

AVERAGE    NUMBER   PEE 
1,000     ACRES     OF     IM- 
PROVED    LAND     2f 
FARMS. 

DrViaiON  OB  SECTION. 

AU  cattle. 

AU  cattle 

(excluding 

calves). 

Dairy 

COWS. 

other 

COWS. 

Heifers. 

steers  and 
bulls. 

All  cattle 

(excluding 

calves). 

Dairy 

COWS. 

AU  cattle 

(excluding 

calves). 

1 

Dairy 

COWS. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

TTnited  States 

New  England 

100.0 
2.2 

6.8 
15.9 
28.6 
7.8 
6.4 
17.3 
9.8 
5.2 

100.0 
2.4 
7.0 
15.6 
29.7 
6.5 
5.4 
21.0 
8.7 
3.8 

100.0 
2.2 
6.5 
15.5 
28.4 
7.9 
6.4 
17.5 
10.4 
6.2 

100.0 
2.5 
7.2 
15.1 
29.4 
6.7 
5.2 
21.2 
9.1 
3.7 

100.0 
4.1 
12.6 
23.4 
25.8 
8.8 
7.9 
10.9 
2.5 
4.0 

100.0 

5.2 
15.2 
23.1 
26.4 
8.1 
7.4 
9.5 
1.9 
3.1 

100.0 

0.8 
2.1 
7.0 
23.8 
7.6 
4.2 
25.8 
21.6 
7.1 

100.0 

0.6 

1.3 

4.5 

23.9 

5.6 

2.3 

37.6 

19.5 

4.7 

100.0 
1.9 

5.8 
17.5 
30.1 
7.5 
7.3 
15.9 
9.2 
4.8 

100.0 

2.9 
8.1 
16.4 
29.9 
6.0 
5.2 
18.8 
8.8 
3.8 

100.0 
0.7 
2.0 
10.9 
37.6 
6.7 
6.0 
19.4 
11.6 
5.2 

100.0 
0.9 
2.6 
13.5 
36.2 
6.2 
5.0 
22.7 
9.4 
3.5 

61 

59 
82 
71 
66 
41 
42 
56 
95 
55 

63 

64 
84 
68 
77 
34 
34 
63 
103 
41 

23 
43 
60 
41 
23 
17 
20 
13 
9 
16 

20 
43 
58 
34 
23 
13 
16 
9 
7 
11 

113 

161 
120 
94 
93 
88 
79 
162 
354 
127 

126 

162 

122 

91 

114 

76 

68 

279 

567 

103 

43 

116 
89 
54 
32 
37 
37 
39 
32 
38 

41 

110 

Middle  Atlantic 

85 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

Pnnth  Atlant.ifi.  .  ,  . 

46 
33 
30 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

31 
41 
39 

Pacific 

29 

The  North 

53.5 
31.6 
15.0 

54.6 
32.9 
12.5 

52.6 
31.8 
15.6 

54.2 
33.0 
12.8 

65.9 
27.6 
6.5 

70.0 
25.0 
5.1 

33.7 
37.6 
28.7 

30.3 
45.5 
24.2 

55.3 
30.7 
14.0 

57.4 
30.0 
12.6 

51.1 
32.1 
16.8 

53.1 
34.0 
12.9 

69 
48 
76 

74 
48 
71 

33 
16 
12 

31 
12 
9 

98 
114 
222 

109 
137 
247 

47 
38 
35 

46 

The  South 

34 

The  West 

32 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

39.1 
60.9 

36.9 
63.1 

38.5 
61.5 

36.6 
63.4 

50.8 
43.2 

59.0 
41.0 

21.7 
78.3 

14.3 

85.7 

40.0 
60.0 

38.7 
61.3 

26.2 
73.8 

28.2 
71.8 

57 
65 

62 
71 

32 
17 

28 
15 

95 
128 

91 

164 

54 
34 

48 
35 

The  West  North  Central  division  ranked  first  in 
number  of  all  cattle  (excluding  calves)  in  1910,  with 
28.4  per  cent  of  the  total  number,  followed  by  the  West 
South  Central,  with  17.5  per  cent,  and  the  East  North 
Central,  with  15.5  per  cent. 

The  distribution  of  dairy  cows  was  somewhat  differ- 
ent from  that  of  the  other  classes  of  cattle.  The  West 
North  Central  division  ranked  first,  reporting  25.8 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  in  1910,  but  was  very 
closely  followed  by  the  East  North  Central.  The 
Middle  Atlantic  and  West  South  Central  divisions 
ranked  third  and  fourth. 

In  the  North  were  found  52.6  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  cattle  (excluding  calves)  in  1910,  and  65.9 


per  cent  of  the  dairy  cows;  in  the  South,  31.8  per  cent 
and  27.6  per  cent,  respectively;  and  in  the  West,  15.6 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  cattle  (excluding calves), 
but  only  6.5  per  cent  of  the  dairy  cows. 

The  average  number  of  all  cattle  (excluding  calves) 
per  1,000  acres  of  land  in  farms  was  highest  in  the 
Mountain  division,  95,  the  Middle  Atlantic  division 
following  closely,  with  82,  while  the  South  Atlantic 
division  shows  the  lowest  average,  41.  This  average 
is  exaggerated  in  the  Mountain  division,  where  con- 
siderable tracts  used  for  grazing  are  not  reported  as 
in  farms.  The  divisions  ranked  very  differently,  how- 
ever, with  respect  to  the  average  number  of  dairy 
cows  per  1,000  acres. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


315 


The  following  statement,  based  on  Table  14,  shows 
the  increase  or  decrease  in  the  number  of  each  class  of 
cattle  between  June  1,  1900,  and  April  15,  1910.  The 
figures  of  the  two  censuses  for  all  cattle  (excluding 


calves)  are  somewhat  more  nearly  comparable  than 
those  for  all  cattle,  but  are  not  exactly  comparable, 
the  figures  for  1910  being  relatively  somewhat  too  liigh 
(see  below). 


Table  11 

INCREASE  IN  NTJMBEK,  JUNE  1,  1900,  TO  APBIL  15,  1910.1 

DIVISION  OK  SECTION. 

AU  cattle. 

All  cattle 
(excluding  calves). 

Dairy  cows. 

other  cows. 

Heifers. 

Calves. 

Steers  and  bulls. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

United  States.... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.... 
West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central  — 
West  South  Central... 

-6,915,644 

-270,065 

-500, 699 

-713,217 

-2,441,385 

407,571 

274,005 

-3,481,130 

144,826 

664,550 

-8.7 

-16.8 

-10.6 

-6.8 

-12.2 

9.2 

7.5 

-24.5 

2.4 

26.2 

1,693,499 

-148,016 
-234,470 
482, 170 
-96,683 
773,811 
730,249 
-1,645,548 
865,778 
866,208 

3.0 

-11.2 

-6.2 

6.1 

-0.6 

22.2 

26.7 

-14.8 

18.2 

44.7 

3,489,799 

-51, 780 
-5, 136 
867,046 
799,803 
427,435 
363,779 
614,599 
184,862 
289, 191 

20.4 

-5.S 
-0.2 
21.9 
17.7 
30.9 
28.8 
37.6 
56.1 
5.3.9 

464,488 

34,940 
97,327 
317,991 
99,197 
268,026 
242,740 
-1,245,669 
343,352 
306,584 

4.0 

52.4 
62.7 
61.2 
3.6 
41.7 
92.1 
-28.6 
15.3 
56.2 

121,397 

-69.366 
-164,030 
99,301 
48,477 
112,657 
160, 718 
-189, 105 
40,198 
82,547 

1.7 

-a3.2 

-28.1 
8.4 
2.3 
26.0 
43.2 
-14.0 
6.4 
30.5 

-7,509,043 

-122,049 

-266,229 

-1,195,387 

-2,344,702 

-366, 240 

-456, 244 

-1,83.=),  582 

-720,952 

-201,658 

-49.0 

-42.1 
-27.5 
-45.2 
-50.2 
-38.9 
-48.6 
-59.0 
-62.5 
-33.4 

-3,485,971 

-01,810 

-162,631 

-802, 168 

-1,079,305 

-163,661 

-47,420 

-1,224,413 

-42,751 

98,188 

-21.1 

-41.9 
-38.5 
-36.0 
-18.0 
-15.9 

-5.7 
-32.6 

-2.8 

16.8 

The  North 

-3,92.5,366 

-2,799,554 

809,376 

-10.6 

-12.6 

9.6 

3,001 
-141,488 
1,731,986 

•     (') 
-0.8 
25.9 

1,609,933 

1,405,813 

474,053 

13.4 
32.8 
54.7 

549,455 

-734,903 

649,936 

15.7 

-14.0 

23.2 

-85,618 
84,270 
122,745 

-2.1 
3.9 
13.6 

-3,928,367 

-2,658,066 

-922,610 

-45.8 
-53.3 
-58.5 

-2,105,914 

-1,435,494 

55,437 

-24.0 

The  South 

-25.5 

The  West 

2.6 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi. 

-802,405 
-5, 113, 139 

-3.2 
-12.0 

1,603,744 
-10,245 

8.4 
(') 

1,601,344 
1,888,456 

15.8 
26.9 

961,024 
-496,536 

58.3 
-5.0 

139,280 
-17,883 

5.0 
-0.4 

-2,406,149 
-5,102,894 

-41.6 
-53.5 

-1,237,690 
-2,248,281 

-26.6 
-18.9 

1  X  minus  sign  (  — )  denotes  decrease. 

The  total  number  of  cattle  (excluding  calves)  in- 
creased in  the  East  North  Central,  South  Atlantic, 
East  South  Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions, 
but  decreased  in  the  other  four  divisions. 


Table  12 

ATXBA.OE  VALUX  FEB  BEAD. 

DIVISION. 

All 

cattle. 

AU  cat- 
tle (ex- 
cluding 
calves). 

Dairy 
cows. 

other 
cows. 

Heifers. 

Calves. 

Steers 
and 
buUs. 

TTnlted  Stotei: 

1910 

$24.26 
21.78 

126. 81 
25.53 

$34.24 
29.68 

$22.39 
23.47 

$14. 14 
16.94 

$6.66 
8.96 

$26.66 

1900 

26.40 

New  England: 

1910 

31.60 
24.21 

32.77 
23.87 

27.70 
23.23 

25.48 
25.30 

18.50 
14.97 

19.13 
16.97 

18.96 
17.68 

24.13 
22.56 

25.76 
22.54 

35.29 
28.04 

37.96 
28.28 

31.28 
28.21 

28.32 
29.69 

20.22 
17.52 

21.02 
20.58 

20.65 
20.20 

25.35 
25.35 

28.44 
26.87 

39.60 
31.52 

43.25 
32.15 

37.12 
31.35 

33.25 
31.64 

26.39 
21.97 

26.97 
24.19 

26.30 
23.03 

39.69 
35.77 

39.81 
35.22 

33.37 
23.63 

25.53 
24.80 

26.66 
29.41 

26.81 
29.68 

13.32 
11.42 

15.60 
17.70 

18.61 
19.96 

23.89 
24.72 

25.17 
25.73 

15.03 
14.82 

16.83 
16.97 

15.78 
18.28 

14.94 
19.97 

10.31 
10.62 

10.06 
12.70 

11.70 
13.95 

16.36 
18.51 

15.66 
18.01 

5.98 
6.82 

6.66 
6.74 

7.00 
8.30 

6.72 
10.78 

5.74 
5.51 

5.61 
6.47 

6.43 

8.71 

8.30 
11.04 

7.06 
8.66 

40.02 

1900 

27.72 

Middle  Atlantic: 

1910    

31.25 

1900 

22.74 

East  North  Central: 
1910 

28.11 

1900 

27.62 

West  North  Central: 
1910 

29.82 

1900 

31.71 

South  Atlantic: 

1910 

22.16 

1900 

18.23 

East  South  Central: 
1910 

19.74 

1900 

19.53 

West  South  Central: 
1910 

22.12 

1900 

Mountain: 

1910 

21.48 
27.41 

1900 

26.83 

Pacific: 

1910 

26.43 

1900 

24.36 

«  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  number  of  dairy  cows  increased  in  all  of  the 
divisions  except  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic. 
There  was  a  decrease  in  steers  and  bulls  in  every 
division  except  the  Pacific,  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
cows  not  kept  for  dairy  purposes  increased  in  every 
division  except  the  West  South  Central,  and  heifers 
increased  in  all  but  three  of  the  divisions. 

Table  12  shows  the  average  value  of  each  class  of 
cattle  in  1910  and  1900. 

The  average  value  of  all  cattle  on  farms  and  ranges 
was  $24.26  in  1910,  as  compared  with  $21.78  in  1900. 
Had  the  census  of  1910  been  taken  as  of  June  1,  how- 
ever, after  more  spring  calves  had  been  bom,  the 
average  value  of  the  cattle  reported  would  have  been 
somewhat  lower  than  on  April  15.  The  changes  in  the 
average  value  of  most  of  the  specified  classes  of  cattle 
appear  to  be  due  mainly  to  changes  in  the  age  limits. 
The  average  value  of  dairy  cows,  however,  increased 
from  $29.68  to  $34.24,  though  the  minimum  age  limit 
was  somewhat  lower  in  1910  than  in  1900. 

Table  13,  below,  gives  the  number  of  aU  cattle  on 
farms  (excluding  calves)  and  the  number  of  dairy 
cows,  by  geographic  divisions,  for  the  censuses  of 
1910,  1900,  1890,  and  1880.  The  data  for  each  census 
except  that  of  1910  were  collected  as  of  the  same 
date  and  on  the  same  basis  of  classification. 


Table  13 

ALL  CATTLE  (EXCLUDING  CALVES). 

DAIRY  COWS. 

DIVISION. 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

United  States 

63,997,327 

1,168,528 
3,530,602 
8,369,644 
15,325,303 
4,264,112 
3,460,270 
9,447,815 
5, 627, 878 
2, 803, 175 

52,403,828 

1,316,544 
3,765,072 
7,887,474 

15,421,986 
3,490,301 
2,730,021 

11,093,363 
4, 762, 100 
1,936,967 

157,848,792 

1,411,852 

4,049,872 

9,033,132 

115,568,301 

3,890,107 

3,822,184 

110,677,962 

I  6, 811, 182 

12,384,200 

139,675,533 

1,503,452 

4,293,844 

7, 629, 040 

1  8, 205, 181 

13,951,728 

3,095,993 

16,619,740 

12,765,312 

1  1,611,243 

20,625,432 

841,698 
2, 597, 652 
4, 829, 527 
5,327,606 
1,810,754 
1,628,061 
2,249,553 
514,466 
826,115 

17,135,633 

893, 478 
2,602,788 
3,962,481 
4,527,803 
1,383,319 
1,264,282 
1,634,954 
329,604 
536,924 

16,511,950 

822,001 
2,529,060 
3,752,237 
4,488,762 
1,369,466 
1,312,074 
1,517,583 
218,689 
502,078 

12,443,120 

746, 656 

Middle  Atlantic 

2,444,089 

East  North  Central                                  

2,990,852 

West  North  Central 

2,411,229 

1,280,761 

East  South  Central 

1,145,403 

West  South  Central               

1,002,037 

124,844 

Pacific..                  

297,249 

1  Includes  estimated  number  of  cattle  on  public  ranges. 


316 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


CATTLE  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE,  BY  AGE  AND 
[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


Table  14 


DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


XTnlted  states.. 
Geographic  div.: 

New  England.. . 

Middle  Atlantic. 

E.  North  Central. 

W.  North  Central 

South  Atlantic . . 

E.  South  Central 

W.  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 

Bhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York , 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio , 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota , 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota. . . 

South  Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. .. 

North  Carolina . . 

South  Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Te.xas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  cattle. 


Number. 


1910 


161, 803, 866 


1,336,550 
4,232,521 
9,819,097 
117,647,714 
»  4,839,321 
>  3, 942, 526 
> 10,721,012 
16,060,725 
13,204,400 


256,523 
167,831 
430,314 
252,416 
34,148 
195,318 

2,423,003 

222,999 

1,586,519 

1,837,607 
1,363,016 
2,440,577 
1,497,823 
2,680,074 

2,347,435 

4,448,006 

2,561,482 

743,762 

11,635,276 

12,932,350 

13,079,403 

54,986 

287,751 

982 

1859,067 

620,288 

1  700,861 

1389,882 

11,080,316 

1845,188 

1,000,937 

1996,529 

1932,428 

11,012,632 

11,028,071 

1  804, 795 

11,953,560 

16,934,586 

1  943, 147 
1  453,807 
1767,427 
11,127,737 
11,081,663 
1824,929 
1412,334 
1  449,681 

1  402, 120 

1725,255 

12,077,025 


1900 


67,719,410 


1,606,615 
4,733,220 
10,532,314 
20,089,099 
4,431,750 
3,668,521 
14, 202, 142 
5,915,899 
2,539,850 


338,847 
226,792 
501, 940 
285,944 
36,034 
217,058 

2,596,389 

239,984 

1,896,847 

2,053,313 
1,684,478 
3,104,010 
1,370,408 
2,314,105 

1,871,325 
5,367,630 
2,978,589 
657,434 
1,546,800 
3,176,243 
4,491,078 

54,180 
292,646 
1,462 
825,512 
639,782 
624,518 
342,898 
899,491 
751,261 

1,083,248 
912,183 
799,734 
873,356 

894,535 

670,295 

2  3,209,116 

9,428,196 

968,387 
363,534 
687,284 
1,433,318 
991,859 
742,635 
343,690 
385, 192 

394,923 

700,303 

1,444,624 


Value. 


1910 


i$l,499,523,607  $1,475,204,633 


1900 


42,240,849 

138,685,253 

271,944,120 

1449,654,307 

189,539,532 

•75,401,279 

1203,239,500 

1146,269,549 

182,549,218 


7,784,384 
5,240,122 
11,828,892 
9,348,076 
1,309,088 
6,730,287 

83,062,242 

8,393,117 

47,229,894 

51,403,341 
39,110,492 
73,454,745 
40,500,318 
67,475,224 

50,306,372 
118,864,139 
72,883,664 
17,711,398 
136,257,234 
173,074,057 
180,557,443 

1,648,333 

7,869,526 

75,305 

121,124,071 

15,860,764 

112,550,054 

17,088,259 

114,060,958 

19,262,262 

25,971,571 
120,690,718 
113,469,626 
115,269,364 

115,460,666 

111,605,354 

143,187,601 

1  132,985,879 

127,474,122 
111,330,639 
122,697,387 
131,017,303 
120,409,965 
114,624,708 
18,948,702 
•9,766,723 

•12,193,465 
117,570,685 
152,785,068 


12 


901,949 
997,472 
710,351 
193,536 
321,262 
253, 269 
117,313 
449,400 
260,081 


585,545 
546,630 
528,795 
130, 917 
165,797 
944,265 

735, 174 
199, 107 
063,191 

560,246 
964,524 
170,907 
165,256 
849,418 

248,958 
518,902 
656,807 
810,637 
847,933 
469,498 
640,801 

340,885 
853,121 
54,471 
838,847 
058,427 
667,950 
334,714 
828,498 
344,349 

987,741 
401,051 
793,556 
070,921 

885,627 
580,996 
421,786 
228,904 

362,016 
389,954 
393,191 
532,738 
977,931 
367,466 
152,844 
273,260 

440,038 
164,897 
655, 146 


DAIRY  cows. 


Number. 


1910 


20,625,432 


841,698 
2,597,652 
4,829,527 
5,327,606 
1,810,754 
1,628,061 
2,249,553 
514,466 
826, 115 


156,819 
101,278 
265,483 
171, 936 
23,329 
122,853 

1,509,594 
154,418 
933,640 

905,125 
633,591 

1,050,223 
767,083 

1,473,505 

1,085,388 
1,406,792 
856, 430 
259, 173 
369,764 
613,952 
736,107 

35,708 
166,859 
857 
356,284 
239,539 
308,914 
180,842 
405,710 
116,041 

409,834 
397, 104 
391,536 
429,587 

425,793 

279,097 

530,796 

1,013,867 

77,527 
86,299 
32,699 
144, 734 
51,451 
28,862 
75,810 
17,084 

186,233 
172,550 
467,332 


1900 


17,135,633 


893,478 
2,602,788 
3,962,481 
4,527,803 
1,383,319 
1,264,282 
1,634,954 
329,604 
536,924 


173,592 
115,036 
270,194 
184,562 
23,660 
126,434 

1,501,608 
157,407 
943,773 

818, 239 
574,276 
1,007,664 
563,905 
998,397 

753,632 
1,423,648 
765,386 
125,503 
270,634 
512,544 
676,456 

32,591 
147,284 
1,251 
281,876 
205,601 
233, 178 
126,684 
276,024 

78,830 

364,025 
321,676 
279,263 
299,318 

312,577 

184,815 

2  276,5.39 

861,023 

45,036 
51,929 
18,272 
100,116 
16,775 
17,965 
65,905 
13,606 

107,232 
122,447 
307,245 


Value. 


1910 


$706,236,307 


33,333,262 
112,358,529 
179,274,884 
177,116,353 
47,779,085 
43,901,866 
59,165,583 
20,418,519 
32,888,226 


5,874,228 
3,916,441 
9,527,660 
7,815,701 
1,089,074 
'  5, 110, 158 

69,110,608 

7,141,572 

36,106,349 

33,963,472 
23,898,428 
41,189,997 
29,312,252 
60,910,735 

33,276,653 
48,651,418 
30,620,097 
8,738,468 
11,502,951 
20,029,378 
24,297,388 

1,315,266 
5,580,210 
68,535 
10,285,422 
7,563,400 
7,839,055 
4,719,950 
8,386,700 
2,020,547 

13,728,018 
11,999,755 
8,569,538 
9,606,555 

9,522,368 
5,912,779 
16,072,908 
27,657,528 

3,407,090 
3,434,134 
1,387,273 
5,961,316 
1,706,201 
1,273,076 
2,586,544 
662,885 

7,988,133 
6,302,765 
18,597,328 


1900 


$508,616,501 


28,162,946 
83,676,301 
124,214,431 
143,239,750 
30,396,379 
30,576,691 
37,651,230 
11,790,181 
18,908,592 


5,060,048 
3,615,354 
7,740,908 
6,546,954 
937, 137 
4,262,545 

48,694,512 
5,840,228 
29,141,561 

24,725,382 
18,285,504 
34,279,218 
17,281,805 
29,642,522 

21,513,337 
46,349,012 
23,514,794 
4,078,546 
8,400,818 
17,192,120 
22,191,123 

993,972 
4,339,777 
50,399 
6,641,677 
5,694,302 
4,426,709 
2,541,723 
4,658,971 
1,048,849 

10,518,031 
8,137,474 
5,512,940 
6,408,246 

6,349,801 

3,607,033 

2  7,699,069 

19,995,327 

1,886,580 
1,797,122 

720,693 
3,797,997 

510,048 

577,693 
2,037,367 

462,681 

4,076,189 
4,093,333 
10,739,070 


other  cows. 


Number. 


1910 


12,023,682 


101,559 

252,577 

837,880 

2,865,372 

910, 106 

506,234 

3,103,235 

2,594,190 

852,529 


1900 


11,559,194 


17,975 
16,175 
27,612 
20,100 
2,524 
17,173 

138,461 
14,896 
99,220 

142,261 
133,709 
281,957 
106,801 
173, 152 

218,948 
614,930 
306,681 
119,510 
341,959 
705,191 
558,153 

3,497 
18,816 


87,697 
63,740 
106,553 
65,319 
245,303 
319, 181 

101,232 
119,718 
146,354 
138,930 

146,199 

183,550 

304, 165 

2,469,321 

372,798 
148.907 
307, 189 
405,884 
579,601 
384,091 
185,174 
210,546 

58,140 
217,480 
576,909 


66,619 

155,250 

519,889 

2,766,175 

642,080 

263,494 

4,348,904 

2,250,838 

545,945 


Value. 


1910 


$269,160,193 


12,483 
13, 102 
21,715 
9,946 
1,379 
7,994 

98,466 

7,977 

48,807 

87,040 
88,619 
228,931 
46,205 
69,094 

68,665 
461,031 
324,198 
108,146 
270,285 
674,025 
850,925 

1,866 

9,490 

38 

40,735 

36,870 

61,082 

42,235 

164,052 

285,712 

51,745 
49,660 
76,560 
85,629 

79,667 

124, 769 

2  774,698 

3,369,880 

311,513 

100,606 
244,8.59 
483,039 
502,865 
357, 719 
96,849 
153,388 

58.395 
183,100 
304,450 


2,373,332 
6,447,442 
22,341,550 
76,808,285 
12,122,883 
7,897,542 
67,740,079 
61,970,884 
21,458,196 


393,705 
372,250 
586,806 
512,381 
66,703 
441,487 

3,739,506 

423,250 

2,284,686 

3,671,000 
3,720,123 
8,436,327 
2,679,663 
3,934,437 

4,616,179 
17,715,974 
8,692,733 
3,256,904 
9,232,917 
18,585,1.79 
14,708,399 

78,966 
413,661 


1,789,833 
1,544,213 
1,455,032 
954,236 
2,496,331 
3,390,621 

2,289,579 
2,097,049 
1,691,238 
1,819,676 

2,077,157 
2,650,249 
6,489,690 
46,522,983 

11,259,752 
3,713,295 
9,410,305 
11,083,972 
10,924.867 
6,742,626 
4,017,265 
4,818,802 

1,530,758 
5,129,426 
14,798,012 


1  Includes  unclassified  animals. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 

SEX  GROUPS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:   1910  AND  1900. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


317 


11 

12 
13 
14 
1.5 
'16 

17 

18 
.19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 

25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 

41 
42 
43 
44 

45 
46 
47 


50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 

57 
58 
59 


Table  14— Continued. 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


ITnited  States 

Geogkaphic  divlsions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

W«st  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas , 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Tacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


YEARLINO  HEIFERS. 


Number. 


1810 


7,295,880 


208,858 

584,076 

1,179,729 

2,145,502 

433,240 

372,097 

1,349,229 

630,722 

271,030 


27,346 
17,932 
45,921 
24,587 
2,939 
20,767 

234,728 
17,625 
167,693 

235,392 
180,545 
306,969 
205,000 
351,124 

323,948 
564,219 
306,951 
104,203 
194,580 
303,661 
336,417 

5,260 
27,226 
50 
94,709 
75,603 
88,187 
51,928 
126,554 
76,480 

125,791 
132,649 
131, 179 
143, 196 

137,849 
102,995 
202,337 
716,943 

100,784 
53,727 
83,896 
114,815 
121,018 
93,113 
50,126 
53, 441 

51,995 
83,102 
218,480 


1900 


7,174,483 


$103, 194, 026  S121, 528, 076 


45,877 
29,574 
68,664 
34,452 
3,815 
26,476 

335,844 
23,609 
224,623 

217,571 
183,193 
332,472 
161,174 
285,319 

211,162 
592,076 
312,749 
69,338 
167,607 
345,275 
447,296 

6,373 
28,930 
76 
71,952 
60,268 
68,732 
33,879 
93,585 
70,445 

104,861 
94,224 
83,027 
89,985 

103,555 

66,076 

s 224, 763 

954,835 

97,899 
40,398 
67,888 
151,627 
114,045 
73,437 
40,461 
44,967 

44,113 

78,628 
148,289 


Value. 


1910 


2,095,920 
7,069,138 
20,183,222 
32,779,162 
5,626,390 
5,358,607 
13,507,986 
10,976,173 
5,638,428 


386,897 
266,545 
626,616 
420,164 
51,315 
344,484 

4,186,454 

334,080 

2,548,604 

3,784,857 
3,119,858 
5,346,736 
3,034,174 
4,897,597 

3,842,647 
8,714,358 
6,198,647 
1,660,721 
2,845,771 
5,536,493 
5,090,626 

85,928 

407,692 

1,742 

1,232,807 

1, 123, 158 

775,949 

464,482 

893,207 

651,425 

1,853,379 

1,536,217 

873,968 

1,095,043 

1,211,494 

877,642 
2,650,755 
8,828,095 

1,965,734 

851,588 

1,658,749 

2,054,943 

1,682,450 

1,287,024 

685,560 

789, 125 

844,480 
1,245,353 
3,448,595 


3,094,829 
9,327,584 
21,567,308 
42,836,754 
4,600,636 
4,726,849 
18,819,545 
11,672,879 
4,881,693 


621,354 
462,468 
889,081 
687,080 
73,276 
461,570 

6,161,703 

470,484 

3,705,397 

3,969,411 
3,660,138 
0,735,360 
2,686,813 
4,626,586 

3,299,866 
12,242,609 
6,040,689 
1,379,618 
3,347,421 
7,413,817 
9,112,935 

91,933 
495,742 
1,367 
1,029,067 
990,666 
561,321 
291,705 
680,407 
458,458 

1,880,432 

1,243,158 

703,459 

899,800 

1,064,074 

620,250 

2  3,661,837 

13,473,384 

2,002,199 

762,889 

1,549,469 

3,156,858 

1,766,334 

961,818 

681,040 

792,272 

805,326 
1,380,105 
2,696,263 


Number. 


1910 


7,806,539 


168,022 

701,919 

1,449,453 

2,322,411 

575,209 

482,256 

1,273,197 

432,847 

401,225 


31,901 
18,603 
67,673 
26,571 
3,773 
20,601 

438,329 
27,934 
235,666 

256,682 
184, 163 
824,079 
236,050 
449,489 

373,537 
669,003 
296,475 
130,683 
205,607 
364,968 
382,248 

7,153 
39,064 
62 
83,926 
69,518 
89,066 
48,291 
153,886 
94,253 

102,493 
114, 187 
115,487 
150,089 

169,240 
120,461 
261, 194 
722,302 

82,626 
49,289 
45,987 
86,201 
49,381 
57,887 
33,042 
28,434 

57,188 
76,238 
267,799 


1900 


Value. 


1910 


1900 


15, 315, 582  $52, 000, 133  S137, 290, 001 


290,071 

968,148 

2,644,840 

4,667,113 

941, 449 

938,500 

3,108,779 

1,153,799 

602,883 


61,794 
40,434 
101,584 
43,621 
6,338 
37,300 

507,140 
39,685 
421,323 

494,684 
428,109 
723,322 
376,482 
623,343 

565,994 
1,290,279 
633,317 
166,420 
343, 141 
754,600 
023,462 

0,363 
65,465 
69 
162,053 
134, 107 
142,686 
87,734 
211,579 
138,393 

250,502 
236,000 
213,397 
238,601 

254, 473 

169,825 

2  536,220 

2,148,261 

187,533 
86,398 
126,770 
269,154 
188,762 
135, 181 
78,940 
81,061 

105, 130 
168,323 
329,430 


1,005,314 
4,676,025 
10,143,006 
15,605,540 
3,303,304 
2,654,890 
8,183,618 
3,593,978 
2,834,468 


229,739 
123,908 
326,718 
167,200 
23,441 
134,308 

2,785,121 

217,613 

1,673,291 

1,919,714 
1,626,445 
2,476,016 
1,544,681 
2,677,251 

1,952,281 
3,836,951 
2,608,087 
876,807 
1,352,522 
2,439,504 
2,640,408 

72,031 
335,659 
1,366 
633,193 
422,136 
398,094 
225,057 
661,368 
554,400 

812,882 
698,481 
454, 175 
689,352 

822, 170 

622,073 

1,690,424 

5,048,951 

793, 113 
373,546 
472,620 
710,698 
387, 193 
406,341 
235,357 
215, 110 

421,618 

529,317 

1,883,523 


1,979,525 

6,526,958 

22,178,540 

50,322,843 

5,183,657 

6,071,611 

27,068,181 

12,736,954 

5,221,732 


411,104 
305,896 
666, i30 
357,542 
46,537 
293,317 

3,144,954 

349,937 

3,032,067 

4,186,576 
4,197,697 
7,195,897 
2,490,467 
4,107,904 

4,254,414 
14,413,586 
6,943,267 
1,540,116 
3,782,871 
8,757,661 
10,630,929 

83,940 

463,971 

605 

1,273,728 

1,102,228 

549,844 

361, 454 

770,968 

586,919 

2,480,227 

1,606,949 

826,805 

1,157,630 

1,418,961 

817,872 

2  5,302,544 

19,528,804 

2,229,419 

883,908 

1,788,934 

3,130,465 

1,989,648 

1, 138, 178 

729,551 

851,851 

889,058 
1,536,473 
2,796,201 


STEERS  AND  BULLS. 


Number. 


1910 


13,048,547 


85,779 

260,327 

1,423,207 

4,903,201 

868,001 

782,728 

2,  .535, 863 

1,508,185 

681,256 


22,482 
13,843 
23,725 
10,222 
1,583 
13,924 

101,891 

8,126 

150,310 

299,147 
231,018 
477,349 
182,889 
232,804 

345,614 
1,293,062 
794,945 
130, 193 
410,255 
880,459 
1,048,673 

3,368 
35,786 
23 
233,894 
181,988 
107,646 
42, 461 
140,928 
121,907 

261,587 
231,542 
141,092 
148,507 

146. 128 
103,433 
619,676 

1,666,626 

260,700 
85,379 
254,530 
355, 242 
191,387 

178. 129 
61, 135 

121,683 

44,831 
150,713 
485,712 


1900 


16,534,518 


147,589 

422,958 
2,225,375 
5,982,506 
1,031,662 

830,148 
3,760,276 
1,550,936 

583,068 


45, 101 
28,646 
39,783 
13,363 
1,842 
18,854 

153,331 

11,306 

258,321 

435,879 
410,281 
811,621 
229,642 
337,952 

271,972 
1,600,696 
942,939 
198,027 
495, 133 
889,899 
1,583,940 

4,987 
51,477 
28 
268,896 
202,936 
118,840 
52,366 
154,251 
177,881 

312,115 
210,723 
147, 487 
169,823 

144,373 

124,810 
21,396,896 
2,094,197 

326,406 
84,203 
229, 495 
429,382 
169,412 
158,333 
61,535 
92, 170 

80,053 
147,805 
355,210 


Value. 


1910 


$347,901,174 


899,815 
560,978 
761, 193 
432,630 
78,555 
699,850 

3,240,553 

276,602 
4,616,964 

8,064,298 
6,846,638 
16,005,670 
4,029,648 
6,065,204 

6,618>632 
39,945,438 
25,864,100 

3,289,498 
11,014,703 
26,357,920 
33,110,415 

96, 152 
1,132,304 
3,662 
7,075,166 
5,207,867 
2,074,684 
721,644 
1,529,790 
1,394,869 

7,289,713 
4,329,771 
1,806,707 
2,027,629 

1,787,440 

1,330,514 

15,236,066 

37,741,205 

8,401,168 
2,210,866 
8,567,389 
10,643,645 
4,068,904 
3,357,651 
1,263,869 
2,824,427 

1,286,846 
3,891,260 
12,830,672 


1900 


$436,467,373 

4,090,676 
9,616,937 
61,458,845 
189,701,439 
18,810,730 
16,213,508 
80, 756, 669 
41,615,008 
14,203,561 


1,221,022 
.  843,827 
859,802 
377,251 
71,844 
716,930 

3,350,767 

303,275 

6,962,905 

11,341,806 
12,044,081 
26,722,047 
4,509,278 
6,841,633 

5,491,668 
65,198,471 
29,906,040 

5,387,354 
14,324,949 
28,553,180 
50,839,787 

124,613 
1,346,190 
1,160 
7,085,640 
5,374,963 
1,454,347 

611,699 
1,248,017 
1,565,201 

8,749,627 
3,451,943 
1,753,241 
2,258,697 

1,768,028 

1,607,317 

2  33,811,561 

43,569,763 

9,972,841 
2, 180, 182 
7,402,798 
11,639,675 
3,857,877 
2,792,813 
1,352,033 
2,416,789 

1,946,963 
3,595,879 
8,660,719 


2  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


318 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


ALL  CATTLE  ON  FARMS. 


NUMBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,  1910. 


200,000  cattle. 
150,000  to  200,000  cattle. 
100,000  to  150,000  cattle, 
50,000  to  100,000  cattle. 
Less  than  50,000  cattle. 


1-/- 


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®  •  •  •  • 

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,—^  •  •  •  • 

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The  heavy  lines  («■)  show  geographic  divisions. 


N^  DAK.  •,      9    « 
J      MINN,    f^^^ 

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S.  DAK.  ;    ^^    XjB   WIS. 

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DAIRY  COWS   ON  FARMS. 

NTOIBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,  1910. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


319 


HORSES,  MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS  ON  FARMS. 


United  States  as  a  whole. — The  draft  animals  on 
farms  in  the  United  States  consist  mainly  of  horses 
and  mules,  comparatively  few  oxen  being  used.  The 
age  classification  of  horses  and  mules  used  in  1910 
differed  from  that  employed  m  1900  in  the  same  way 
as  in  the  case  of  cattle,  and  the  change  in  the  date  of 
enumeration  also  affects  the  returns.     The  data  are, 


however,  somewhat  more  nearly  comparable  than 
those  for  cattle,  because  a  much  larger  proportion  of 
horses  and  mules  are  of  mature  age. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  definitions  of  the 
classes  at  each  census  and  the  number  reported  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  in  each  class,  and  also  the 
totals  for  asses  and  burros: 


Table  15                         1910  (Apeil  15). 

1900  (June  1).                                                 nominal  inceease.i 

Class  as  defined  in  schedule. 

Corresponding  age 

Number. 

Class  as  defined  in  schedule. 

Corresponding  limits 
of  date  of  birth. 

Number. 

Number. 

*Per 
cent. 

24,148,580 

Hones,  moles,  and  asses  and  burros. 

21,625,800 

2,522,780 

11.7 

All  horses 

19,833,113 

18,267,020 

1,566,093 

8.6 

Over  15J  months 
3i  to  liii  months. 

Under  3i  months. 

Horses  2  years  old  and  over 

Before  June  1, 1898 

June  1,1898,  to  June  1, 

1899. 
After  June  1, 1S99 

Bom  before  Jan.  1, 1909 

17,430,418 
1,731,982 

612,775 

15,505,966 
1,440,225 

1,314,829 

1,924,452 
285,757 

—702,054 

12.4 

Colts  born  in  1909 

Horses  1  and  under  2  years 

19  8 

Colts  born  after  Jan.  1, 1910 

53  4 

All  mules 

4,209,769 

3,264,615 

945,154 

29  0 

Over  15i  months. 
3i  to  15}  months . 

Under  3|  months. 

Mules  2  years  old  and  over 

Before^une  1, 1898 

June  1,1898,  to  June  1, 

1899. 
After  June  1,  1899 

Born  before  Jan.  1, 1909 

3,787,316 
313,196 

109,257 

2,753,486 
279,501 

231,628 

1,033,830 
33,695 

-122,371 

37  5 

Colts  born  In  1909 

Mules  1  and  under  2  years 

12  1 

Colts  born  after  Jan.  1, 1910 

Colts  under  1  year 

— 52  8 

Asaes  and  bnrros  (all  ages) 

105,098 

94,165 

11,633 

12.2 

>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


The  total  number  of  horses  reported  as  on  farms 
on  April  15,  1910,  was  19,833,000,  as  compared  with 
18,267,000  on  June  1,  1900,  an  increase  of  1,566,000, 
or  8.6  per  cent.  The  numbers  of  mules  at  the  same 
dates  were  4,210,000  and  3,265,000,  respectively,  show- 
ing an  increase  of  945,000,  or  29  per  cent.  Had  the 
enumeration  of  1910  been  made  as  of  June  1,  however, 
the  increase  in  both  classes  would  have  been  somewhat 
greater  on  account  of  the  addition  of  colts  bom  between 
April  15  and  June  1.  The  number  of  horse  colts  under 
1  year  of  age  reported  on  June  1,  1900,  was  1,315,000. 
Assuming  that  the  rate  of  increase  during  the  decade 
in  the  number  of  young  colts  was  about  the  same  as  the 
rate  for  yearlings  (about  20  per  cent,  which,  it  should  be 
noted,  is  a  greater  relative  increase  than  that  in  older 
horses)  there  would  have  been  on  June  1,  1910,  nearly 
1,600,000  horse  colts  under  1  year  of  age.  Of  these; 
however,  a  comparatively  small  number  would  have 
been  bom  between  June  1,  1909,  and  January  1, 
1910,  and  would  already  be  included  in  the  returns 
for  the  class  of  "colts  bom  in  1909."  After  de- 
ducting these  there  would  have  remained  on  June  1, 
1910,  perhaps  between  twelve  and  fourteen  hundred 
thousand  colts  born  after  January  1,  1910,  or  from 
six  to  eight  hundred  thousand  more  than  were  re- 
ported on  April  15,  1910  (613,000).  Since  a  certain 
number  of  older  horses  living  on  April  15,  1910,  would 
have  died  before  June  1 ,  the  addition  to  the  total  num- 
ber of  horses  of  all  ages  which  would  have  resulted 
from  an  enumeration  on  June  1  would  have  been 
perhaps  200,000  less  than  this  addition  to  the  number 
of  colts.  Similar  calculations  in  the  case  of  mules 
indicate  the  probabiUty  that  had  the  enumeration  of 


1910  been  taken  as  of  June  1,  there  would  have  been 
in  the  neighborhood  of  100,000  more  mules  than  were 
reported  for  April  15. 

With  respect  to  animals  of  the  oldest  age  group, 
which  may  be  roughly  designated  as  "mature  horses" 
and  "mature  mules,"  the  fact  that  the  minimum  age 
limit  for  the  group  in  1910  (15^  months)  was  lower 
than  in  1900  (2  years)  results  in  throwing  some  animals 
into  this  group  at  the  later  census  which  would  have 
been  classed  as  "yearlings"  in  1900.  Even  after  de- 
ducting these,  however,  and  allowing  for  animals 
dying  between  April  15  and  June  1,  the  increase  in 
mature  animals  during  the  decade  would  doubtless  be 
nearly  as  great  as  indicated  by  the  figures  of  the  above 
table.  The  actual  increase  would  probably  be  in  the 
neighborhood  of  10  or  11  per  cent  for  mature  horses 
and  at  least  30  per  cent  for  mature  mules. 

There  should  be  fairly  close  comparability  with  Re- 
spect to  the  older  group  of  colts,  which  may  for 
convenience  be  roughly  designated  by  the  term 
"yearlings."  The  returns  for  this  group  at  each 
census  represent  animals  born  during  a  period  of  12 
months.  A  considerable  increase  occurred  during 
the  decade  in  this  group  in  the  case  of  both  horses 
and  mules. 

The  number  of  horses  reported  in  1910  was  about 
four  and  three-fourths  times  as  great  as  the  number  of 
mules,  whereas  in  1900  there  were  about  five  and  one- 
half  times  as  many  horses  as  mules. 

Table  16  shows  statistics  with  regard  to  the  value 
of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  in  the  United 
States  as  a  whole,  and  the  number  and  percentage  of 
farms  reporting  these  animals. 


320 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Table  16 


1910— Number 

Value 

Average  value 

Farms  reporting 

Per  cent  of  all  farma . 


All  horses, 

mules,  and 

asses  and 

boiros. 


24,148,580 
$2,622,180,170 
$108.69 


1900— Number \       21.625,800; 

Value I$l .  098,546, 464 

Average  value $50. 80 

Farms  reporting 

Per  cent  of  all  farms 


Horses. 


19,833,113 

$2,083,588,195 

$105.06 

4,692,814 

73.8 

18,267,020 

$896,513,217 

$49.  "" 

4,630.628 

79.0 


Mules. 


4,209, 
$525,391,863 
$124.80 
1,869,005 
29.4 

3,264,615 

$196,222,053 

$60.11 

1,480,652 

25.8 


Asses 

and 

burros. 


105,698 

$13,200,112 

$124.89 

43,927 

0.7 

94,165 

$5,811,184 

$61.71 

33,584 

0.6 


This  table  shows  a  remarkable  increase  in  the  total 
value,  which  in  turn  is  due  primarily  to  the  great 
increase  in  value  per  head.  The  combined  value 
of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  in  1910  was 
138.6  per  cent  greater  than  the  value  in  1900. 

Divisions  and  states. — ^Table  21  (pages  322  and  323) 
shows,  for  each  geographic  division  and  state,  the 
number  and  value  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros  on  farms,  by  classes.  Table  17  shows  certain 
percentages  and  averages,  by  divisions  and  sections. 


Table  17 


DIVISION  OB  SECTION 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi  River. . 
West  of  the  Mississippi  River. 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  NUMBER  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


All  horses,  I 
mules,     I 

and  asses  j 
and 
burros.   I' 


All 
horses. 


1910  1900  1910  1900   1910  1900  1910  1900 


100.0 
1.5 

5.3 
19.3 
31.2 
7.7 
9.0 
15.2 
6.2 
4.6 

57.3 
31.9 
10.8 

42.8 
57.2 


100.0 

1.8 
6.3 
20.1 
28.8 
7.5 
9.5 
14.8 
6.4 
4.9 

56.9 
31.8 
11.2 


45.2 

54.8 


100.0 

1.8 
6.2 
22.2 
34.3 
5.6 
6.8 
11.8 
7.2 
6.1 


64.4 
23.2 
12.3 

41.6 
68.4 


Mature 
horses.  1 


Yearling 
horses.' 


62.9 
24.6 
12.6 

44.2 
65.8 


100.0 
2.0 
6. 

22. 

33. 
6. 
6. 

11. 
6.7 
6.0 

64.9 
23.4 
11 

42.7 
67.3 


100. 

0. 

3. 

21. 

38. 

4. 

5. 

21  11. 

4     9. 

2     6. 

63. 4|  63.8 
25.1;  20.9 
11.6   15.3 

45.61  35.2 
54.4   64.8 


100.0 

0.9 

4.8 
22.0 
33.5 

4.2 

4 

11.8 
12.2 

6.7 


61.2 
20.9 
17.9 

36.8 
63.2 


Horse 
colts.  I 


1910  1900 

100. 0 100. 0 

0.2|  0.6 

1.8  3.8 
18. 6|  21.3 
37.11  33.7 

4.6l  4.3 

6.9  6.8 
15.  li  13.1 

8.5  11.9 

7.2  5.4 


57.7 
26.6 
15.7 

32.0 
68.0 


59.6 
23.2 
17.3 

35.8 
64.2 


All 
mules. 


1910  1900 


100.0 

100.0 

(») 

(>) 

1.2 

1.4 

6.2 

6.6 

17.0 

16.4 

17.8 

17.0 

23.8 

26.1 

.30.6 

28.8 

1.2 

0.8 

2.2 

2.9 

24.5  24.6 
72.2  71.8 
3.3     3.7 


49.1 
60.9 


51.1 


Mature 
mules.i 


1910  1900 


100.0 

1.3 
6.8 
14.9 
19.4 
24.4 
31.0 
1.0 
2.1 

22.0 
74.8 
3.2 


51.0 
49.0 


100.0 

(») 

1.5 

6.2 

13.8 

19.1 

26.3 

29.6 

0.7 

2.9 

21.6 
74.9 
3.6 


63.0 

47.0 


Yearling 
mules.i 


1910  1900 


100.0 

(«) 

0.5 

9 
36.4 

3.3 
18.7 
26.2 

2.4 

2.7 


46.7 

48.2 

6.1 


32.3 

67.7 


100.0 

(^) 

1.5 

8.0 

29.0 

7.4 

25.0 

25.1 

1.3 

2.8 

38.5 
67.4 
4.1 


41.8 
58.2 


Mule 
colts.' 


1910  1900 


100.0 

{») 

0.2 
10.0 
34.3 

2.5 
18.6 
29.3 

1.7 

3.6 

44.5 
60.3 
5.2 


100.0 

0.1 

0.6 

10.1 

32.4 

4.0 

24.9 

23.4 

1.7 

2.8 

43.1 

52.3 

4.6 

39.7 
60.3 


All 

asses 

and 

burros. 


1910  1900 


100.0 

0.1 
0.6 
6.1 
21.1 
3.2 
14.9 
28.2 
23.7 
3.1 

27.0 
46.2 
26.8 

24.0 
76.0 


100.0 

0.2 
1.0 
4.6 
16.5 
2.4 
18.8 
23.7 
29.8 
2.9 


22.3 
46.0 
32.7 


27.0 
73.0 


AVEEAGE  NUMBEB 
OF  HOESES,  MULES, 
AND  ASSES  AND 
BUEEOS. 


Per  1,000 
acres  of 
all  land 

in  farms. 


1910  1900 


Per  1,000 

acres  of 

improved 

land. 


1910  1900 


52 

48 
44 
50 
46 
35 
51 
80 
164 
56 

47 
55 
90 


1  For  definition  of  these  terms  at  the  two  censuses,  see  page  319. 

Of  the  total  number  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros,  considered  together,  in  1910,  31.2  per  cent  were 
reported  from  the  West  North '  Central  division,  19.3 
per  cent  from  the  East  North  Central,  and  15.2  per 
cent  from  the  West  South  Central,  these  three  divisions 
together  containing  about  two-thirds  of  the  entire 
number.  The  North  reported  57.3  per  cent  of  the  total, 
the  South  31.9  per  cent,  and  the  West  10.8   per  cent. 

The  geographic  distribution  of  horses  is  quite  dif- 
ferent from  that  of  mules.  Although  the  use  of  mules 
is  rapidly  increasing  in  the  North,  it  is  in  the  South 
th^t  they  have  been  found  particularly  useful.  In  the 
North  there  were  more  than  twelve  times  as  many 
horses  as  mules  in  1910,  but  in  the  South  only  about 
one  and  one-half  times  as  many. 

There  is  a  wide  difference  among  the  several  geo- 
graphic divisions  in  the  extent  to  which  the  breeding 
of  horses  and  mules  is  carried  on,  as  is  shown  b}'-  the 
differences  between  the  distribution  of  "mature"  ani- 
mals and  that  of  "yearhngs  "  and  "colts,"  and  still  more 
clearly  by  a  comparison  of  the  ratios  which  the  num- 
bers of  "colts"  or  "  yearhngs  "  reported  from  the  several 
divisions  bear  to  the  numbers  of  mature  animals  re- 
ported from  the  same  divisions.  At  the  census  of 
1910,  the  number  of  yearhng  horses  (that  is,  those 
born  during  the  year  1909)  was  equal  in  New  England 
to  only  2.9  per  cent  of  the  number  of  mature  horses 
and  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  to  only  5  per  cent, 


» Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  -per  cent. 

whereas  in  the  West  North  Central  division  the  ratio 
was  11.3  per  cent,  in  the  Pacific  division  11.4  percent, 
and  in  the  Mountain  division  14.2  per  cent. 

The  average  number  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros  combined,  in  1910,  to  each  1,000  acres  of  land  in 
farms  in  the  country  as  a  whole  was  27,  and  the  aver- 
age number  to  each  1,000  acres  of  improved  land  was 
50.  The  East  North  Central  division  shows  the  largest 
number  (40)  per  1,000  acres  of  aU  land  in  farms, 
and  the  New  England  and  South  Atlantic  divisions 
stand  lowest,  with  18  in  each  case.  The  number  per 
1,000  acres  of  improved  land  ranged  from  94  in  the 
Mountain  division  to  38  in  the  South  Atlantic. 

Table  18  shows,  by  divisions  and  sections,  the 
increase  or  decrease  from  1900  to  1910  in  the  number 
of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros.  Separate 
data  for  colts  are  not  given  as  they  have  little  signifi- 
cance, but  the  totals  include  colts. 

In  the  number  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  bur- 
ros combined  an  increase  took  place  between  June  1, 
1900,  and  April  15,  1910,  in  all  the  geographic  divi- 
sions except  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic 
divisions.  Much  the  greatest  increase,  both  absolute 
and  relative,  was  in  the  West  North  Central  division, 
but  there  was  also  a  very  conspicuous  mcrease  (mainly 
in  mules)  in  the  West  South  Central  division.  The 
number  of  mules  increased  in  every  geograpliic  divi- 
sion except  the  Pacific. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


321 


Table  18 

INCREASE  Of  NUMBER 

JUNE  ] 

,1900,  TO 

APRIL 

15, 1910.1 

All  horses,  mules, 

and  asses 

and  burros. 

Horses. 

Mules. 

All  asses  and 

DIVISION  OR  SECTION. 

All  horses. 

Mature  horses.* 

Yearlings.* 

All  mules. 

Mature  mules.' 

Yearlings.2 

burros. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent 

XTnitedStetM 

2,522,780 

-30,640 
-77.873 
323,989 
1,309,873 
235,317 
109,741 
465,302 
121,530 
65,541 

11.7 

-7.9 
-5.7 
7.5 
21.0 
14.4 
5.3 
14.5 
8.8 
6.2 

1,566,093 

-30,941 

-83,757 

278,988 

1,122,384 

40,117 

-41,440 

110,305 

102,481 

67,956 

8.6 

-8.0 
-6.4 
6.8 
19.8 
3.7 
-3.5 
4.9 
7.7 
7.1 

1,924,452 

-21,219 

-33,218 

392,044 

1,152,761 

52,890 

-29,720 

162,394 

173,798 

74,722 

12.4 

-5.8 

-2.8 

11.1 

24.3 

5.6 

-2.9 

8.6 

17.5 

9.4 

285,753 

-3,329 

-11,400 

53,823 

181,220 
15,530 
22,291 
21,106 

-10,204 
16,720 

19.8 

-25.0 
-16.4 
16.9 
37.4 
25.5 
31.7 
12.4 
-5.8 
20.2 

945,154 

334 
6,156 
43,885 
180, 815 
194,128 
153,153 
347,591 
22,128 
-3,036 

29.0 

23.9 
13.3 
20.4 
33.8 
36.0 
18.0 
37.0 
82.5 
-3.2 

1,033,830 

590 

9,974 

47,999 

185,153 

211,055 

201,652 

357,665 

20,625 

-883 

37.6 

55.0 
24.5 
28.3 
48.8 
40.2 
27.9 
43.9 
10.8 
-1.1 

33,696 

-50 

-2,579 

8,288 

33,123 

-10,370 

-11,059 

12,055 

3,724 

563 

12.1 

-48.5 

-62.8 

36.9 

40.9 

-50.5 

-15.9 

17.2 

10.0 

7.2 

11,533 

-33 

-272 

1,116 

6,674 

1,072 

-1,972 

7,406 

-3,079 

621 

12.2 

18.3 

Middle  Atlantic     

28.4 

25.9 

West  North  Central 

42.8 

46.6 

East  South  Central 

-11.1 

33.1 

-11.0 

Pacific 

23.1 

The  North 

1,525,349 
810,360 
187,071 

12.4 
11.8 
7.7 

1,286,674 
108,982 
170,437 

11.2 
2.4 
7.5 

1,490,368 
185,564 
24S.520 

15.2 
4.8 
13.9 

220.314 

58,927 

6,516 

24.9 
19.5 
2.5 

231,190 

694,872 

19,092 

29.0 
29.6 

15.7 

243,716 

770,372 

19,742 

41.3 
37.3 
19.8 

38,782 

-9,374 

4,287 

36.0 
-5.8 
37.2 

7,485 

6,506 

-2,458 

35.6 

The  South  

15.4 

The  West 

-8.0 

East  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
West  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

560,534 
1.962,246 

5.7 
16.6 

162,967 
1,403,126 

2.0 
13.8 

360,777 
1,563,675 

5.1 

18.  S 

76,915 
208,842 

14.5 
22.8 

397,656 
547,498 

23.8 
34.3 

471,270 
562,560 

32.3 
43.5 

-15,770 
49,465 

-13.5 
30.4 

-89 
11,622 

-0.3 
16.9 

«  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


The  following  table  shows  the  average  value  per  head 
of  the  various  classes  in  1910  and  1900.  In  compar- 
ing the  averages  for  the  two  censuses  the  differences 
in  classification  should  be  kept  in  mind. 


Table  19 

AVEBAOB  VALUE 

PER  HEAD. 

DIVISION. 

Horses.> 

Mules.i 

All 

asses 

and 

burros. 

All 
horses. 

Mar 

ture 

horses. 

Yeai^ 
lings. 

Colts. 

All 
mules. 

Ma- 
ture 
mules. 

Year- 
lings. 

Colts. 

ITnltedStatei: 

1910 

1900 

)105.06 
49. 08 

1112.36 
53.03 

»58.82 
33.40 

933.68 
19. 70 

$124.80 
60.11 

$131.49 
64.74 

$73.04 
42.06 

$41.61 

26.78 

$124.89 

61.71 

New  England; 
1910 

124.19 
69.59 

130.21 
73.48 

111.17 
65.97 

110.91 
50.30 

109.22 
55.93 

103.16 
63.13 

77,74 
30,43 

78.91 
23.43 

99.85 
36.77 

126.00 
70.84 

133.93 
76.23 

117.71 
59.71 

119.56 
54.67 

114.89 
58.83 

108.57 
55.32 

82.96 
33.07 

88.27 
27.33 

108.73 
40.49 

69.01 
55.76 

72.69 
56.38 

65.68 
42.66 

61.13 
34.54 

62.18 
40.74 

68.94 
45.71 

45.14 
19.09 

40.58 
14.90 

53.47 
21.14 

49.35 
32.42 

43.92 
31.96 

34.57 
24.08 

33.24 
20.84 

34.29 
23.42 

48.59 
30.16 

31.15 
12.69 

25.07 
8.31 

31.51 
13.20 

163.64 
67.17 

146.83 
75.46 

121.05 
57.91 

126.47 
56.17 

143.87 
68.62 

124.63 
64.12 

112.99 
54.81 

106.78 
37.33 

130.38 
53.39 

167.01   87.26 

43.46 
32.61 

41.43 
39.12 

38.93 
29.69 

42.48 
28.15 

38.44 
29.93 

47.94 
29.13 

38.15 
21.56 

34.04 
18.74 

39.18 
20.76 

87.23 

1900 

75.47 

149.02 
78.43 

131.66 
63.56 

141.61 
64.71 

145.26 
69.89 

129.35 
68.64 

118.60 
58.74 

118.70 
42.84 

140.93 
57.61 

54.22 

85.45 
58.49 

75.11 
44.48 

79.20 
42.14 

71.98 
50.87 

76.78 
46.09 

62.11 
34.82 

60.85 
29.23 

71.95 
37.28 

33.04 

Middle  Atlantic: 
1910 

126.97 

1900 

34.61 

E.  North  Central: 
»  1910 

176.69 

1900 

85.84 

W. North  Central: 
1910 

221.90 

1900 

118.83 

South  Atlantic: 
1910 

140.59 

1900 

E.  South  Central: 
1910 

93.97 
149.22 

1900 

85.54 

W.South  Central: 
1910 

105.56 

1900 

61.95 

Mountain: 

1910 

26.39 

1900 

8.19 

Pacific: 

1910 

175.22 

1900 

76.37 

»  For  definition  of  the  subclasses  at  the  two  censuses,  see  page  319. 


>  For  definition  of  these  classes  at  the  two  censuses,  see  page  319. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  average  value 
of  all  horses  per  head  in  1910  was  $105.06,  as  compared 
with  $124.80  per  head  for  mules.  The  average  value 
of  "mature  horses"  increased  from  $53.03  per  head 
in  1900  to  $112.36  in  1910,  and  that  of  "mature 
mules"  mcreased  from  $64.74  to  $131.49.  Even  in 
the  case  of  "yearlings"  and  "  colts"  the  average  value 
was  much  higher  at  the  later  census  than  at  the 
earlier,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  average  age 
of  the  animals  classed  in  these  groups  was  lower. 
Increase  in  average  values  appeared  in  all  of  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  for  all  of  the  age  groups. 

The  average  value  of  "  mature  horses "  ranged  in 
1910  from  $82.96  in  the  West  South  Central  division 
to  $133.93  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  and  that  of  "ma- 
ture mules"  from  $118.60  in  the  West  South  Central 
division  to  $167.01  in  New  England. 

Table  20  presents  a  comparison  of  the  number  of 
horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  for  the  last  four 
censuses.  Horse  and  mule  colts  are  excluded  in  order 
to  make  the  figures  more  nearly  comparable,  but  they 
are  still  not  precisely  comparable,  the  figures  for  1910 
being  relatively  too  large  because  of  the  lower  age  limit 
of  the  colts  excluded.  There  was  a  rapid  increase  in 
the  combined  number  from  1880  to  1890,  but  only  a 
comparatively  moderate  increase  during  the  last  two 
decades. 


Table  20 

HORSES,  Mtn.ES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS 
(EXCLUDINQ  HORSE  AND  MULE  COLTS). 

HORSES  (EXCLUDING  COLTS). 

MULES  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS 
(EXCLUDING  MULE  COLTS). 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

TTnited  States 

New  England 

23,426,548 

355,667 
1,271,362 
4,541,623 
7,267,431 
1,832,861 
2,101,765 
3,540,460 
1,447,067 
1,068,312 

20,079,343 

379,708 
1,308,857 
4,038,353 
5,704,263 
1,562,684 
1,920,573 
2,972,960 
1,219,247 

972,698 

117,681,318 

370, 106 
1,412,441 
4,108,809 
1  5, 122, 717 
1,298,151 
1,636,298 
11,921,647 
1848,385 
1862,764 

12,170,296 

325,562 
1, 268, 138 
3,278,968 
2,727,862 
1, 148, 183 
1,405,536 
1,352,570 
224,039 
439,438 

19,220,338 

353,804 
1,218,425 
4,287,697 
6,566,754 
1,082,963 
1,102,457 
2,256,357 
1,374,904 

976,977 

16,952,191 

378,352 
1,263,043 
3,841,830 
5,228,536 
1,014,543 
1,109,886 
2,065,983 
1,168,354 

881,664 

115,266,244 

368,849 

1,370,015 

3,912,858 

14,661,006 

880.758 

989,455 

1  1,472,506 

1809,671 

1  801, 126 

10,357,488 

324,066 

1.230,885 

3,072,210 

2,394,821 

801,239 

865,026 

1,056,367 

205,209 

407,665 

4,206,210 

1,863 

52,937 

253,926 

700, 677 

749,898 

999,308 

1,284,103 

72,163 

91,335 

3,127,162 
1,366 
45,814 
196,523 
475,727 
548,141 
810,687 
906,977 
50,893 
91,034 

2,315,074 
1,257 
42,426 
195,951 
461,711 
417,393 
646,843 
449, 141 
38,714 
61,638 

1,812,808 

1,496 

37,253 

Middle  Atlantic 

206,758 

East  North  Central 

333,041 

West  North  Central 

346,944 

South  Atlantic 

540,510 

East  South  Central 

296,203 

West  South  Central 

18,830 

Mountain    . . 

31,773 

Pacific 

1  Includes  estimated  number  of  horses  on  public  ranges. 


72497°— 13- 


-21  + 


322 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


HORSES,  MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE  OF  HORSES  AND 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


Table  21 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


TTnited  States 

Oeoqeaphic  di\isions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. . 

South  Atlantic. 

East  South  Central. . 

West  South  Central. . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine , 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

niinols 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana , 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacdtc: 

Washington , 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  HOESES,  mules,  AND  ASSES  AND  BUREOS. 


Number. 


1910 


84,148,680 


356,631 
1,282,787 
4,666,291 
7,532,378 
1,863,817 
2, 164, 134 
3,665,167 
1,501,023 
1,116,352 


107,954 
46,454 
81,232 
64,572 
9,621 
46,798 

595,344 
93,016 
594,427 

933,562 
897,458 
1,603,583 
613,966 
617,722 

759,178 
1,649,364 
1,428,964 
658,427 
682,119 
1,093,901 
1,360,425 

39,018 
178,206 
617 
391,229 
191,868 
341,879 
235,719 
416,180 

69,101 

672,754 
633,553 
384,054 
473,773 

480,014 

313,371 

1,005,748 

1,866,034 

320,290 
202,155 
158,348 
312,007 
206,314 
110,645 
119,113 
72,161 

292,930 
282,183 
641,239 


1900 


21,625,800 


387,271 
1,360,660 
4,342,302 
6,222,505 
1,628,500 
2,054,393 
3,199,865 
1,379,493 
1,050,811 


106,700 
54,990 
85,887 
75,383 
11,433 
52,878 

632,089 
98,955 
629,616 

895,226 
819,440 
1,477,392 
589,570 
560,674 

704,969 

1,450,152 

1,269,333 

366,924 

487,767 

851,174 

1,102,186 

34,482 
166,574 
935 
346,408 
196,658 
295,588 
196,035 
335,247 

56,573 

647,621 
614,897 
346,532 
446,343 

431,070 

339,026 

*  636, 648 

1,793,122 

332,829 
172,275 
137,184 
248,843 
162,366 
133,765 
118,888 
83,343 

246,836 
296,683 
508,293 


Value. 


1910 


$2,622,180,170 


44,353,827 
167,894,587 
521,653,254 
848,994,801 
229,632,663 
245,527,291 
331,109,901 
118,493,632 
114,520,214 


14,440,930 
5,297,663 
8,646,935 
8,717,159 
1,435,962 
5,815,178 

80,732,061 
12,639,560 
74,522,966 

101,748,029 
97,087,699 

182,071,929 
71,830,231 
68,915,366 

89,824,462 
185,831,164 
160,469,138 
84,633,666 
76,183,223 
113,626,618 
139,426,661 

4,219,899 
19,866,498 
60,886 
42,674,780 
19,948,697 
42,260,375 
34,040,450 
58,249,863 

8,411,225 

72,046,486 
76,495,920 
46,372,248 
52,612,637 

60,749,974 
27,484,883 
93,161,190 
169,723,864 

27,616,223 
20,413,716 
12,703,100 
29,318,193 
9,494,368 
4,682,267 
10,226,578 
4,040,197 

31,639,551 
26,617,708 
56,462,955 


1900 


$1,098,646,454 


26,939,945 
100,033,054 
243,575,108 
317,214,620 

98,157,231 
119,072,930 
120,965,695 

32,268,440 

40,319,431 


7,079,288 
3,848,307 
5,342,359 
5,848,851 
983,993 
3,837,147 

48,215,212 
7,938,766 
43,879,076 

61,119,437 
44,475,215 
77,341,758 
36,070.225 
34,568,473 

42,753,099 
81,458,106 
68,688,989 
23,218,108 
20,450,317 
39,951,676 
50,694,426 

2,113,871 
10,754,026 
63,412 
18,320,400 
11,116,918 
17,642,369 
13,284,779 
21,592,900 

3,368,556 

36,113,306 
36,685,769 
21,145,589 
26,228,267 

20,376,384 

17,313,284 

» 22, 788, 578 

60,487,449 

7,907,421 
4,204,618 
3,286,842 
7,686,283 
2,468,129 
1,857,606 
3,470,718 
1,386,823 

8,705,100 
9,011,732 
22,602,599 


ALL  HORSES. 


Number. 


1910 


119,833,113 


354,755 

1,229,686 

4,401,442 

16,794,192 

1,111,187 

1,144,599 

12,349,029 

1  1,427,057 

11,021,166 


107,574 
46,229 
80,781 
64,283 
9,547 
46,341 

591,008 
88,922 
549,756 

910,224 
813,644 
1,452,887 
610,033 
614,654 

753.184 
1,492,226 
1,073,387 
660,599 
1669,362 
1 1,008,378 
1,147,056 

33,066 
166,438 
664 
330,424 
179,991 
166,151 

79,847 
120,067 

45,640 

443,034 
349,709 
136,636 
216,220 

264,716 

181,286 

1742,959 

11,170,068 

1315,956 
1197,772 
1156,062 
1294,036 
1  179,526 

199,678 
1115,676 

168,4K 

1280,672 
1271,708 
1468,886 


1900 


18,267,020 


385,696 
1,313,443 
4,122,454 
5,671,808 
1,071,070 
1,186,039 
2,238,724 
1,324,576 

953,210 


106,299 
54,806 
85,531 
75,034 
11,390 
52,576 

628,438 
94,024 
590,981 

878,205 
751,715 
1,350,219 
586,559 
555,756 

696,469 
1,392,673 
967,037 
359,948 
480,768 
796,318 
979,696 

29,722 
148,994 
864 
298,622 
185,188 
159, 163 

78,419 
127,407 

42,811 

451,697 
352,388 
152,643 
229,311 

253,690 

194,372 

» 621,330 

1,269,432 

329,972 
170,120 
136,643 
236,646 
131,153 
126,063 
115,884 
80,295 

243,985 
287,932 
421,293 


Value. 


1910 


i$2, 083, 688, 196 


44,058,076 

160,111,303 

489,290,485 

1753,512,291 

121,359,125 

118,071,299 

1182,618,200 

1112,606,228 

>  101, 961, 188 


14,364,756 
5,266,389 
8,591,357 
8,671,997 
1,424,177 
5,739,400 

80,043,302 
12,012,512 
68,055,489 

98,910,638 
87,118,468 
163,363,400 
71,312,474 
68,585,505 

89,068,872 
177,999,124 
113,976,563 

83,461,739 

173,442,978 

1102,804,907 

112,758,108 

3,461,791 
16,787,467 
55,026 
34,857,610 
18,583,381 
18,428,134 
10,147,178 
14,193,839 

4,854,699 

44,796,120 
39,320,044 
13,651,284 
20,303,851 

23,152,209 

11,789,696 

163,651,661 

184,024,636 

127,115,764 
119,832,423 
12,426,838 
1  27,382,926 
17,868,314 
14,209,726 
19,999,836 
13,770,402 

129,680,849 
126,181,143 
147,099,196 


1  Includes  unclassified  animals. 


2  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE   STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


323 


MULES,  BY  AGE  GROUPS,  AND  OF  ASSES  AND  BURROS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  In  classification.] 


MATUBE  HORSES. 

YEARLING  HORSES. 

HORSE  COLTS. 

Number. 

Value. 

Number. 

Value.                   i 

Number. 

Value. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

i 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

17,430,418 

IS, 505, 966 

11,958,564,817 

»822,317,707 

1,731,982 

1,446,225 

9101,883,668 

148,298,639 

612,775 

1,314,829 

920,635,831 

925,896,871 

2 

343,826 

365,045 

43,322,612 

25,860,181 

9,978 

13,307 

688,532 

742,021 

951 

7,344 

46,932 

238,091 

3 

1,160,154 

1,193,372 

155,380,823 

90,970,287 

58,271 

69,671 

4,235,865 

3,927,904 

11,201 

50,400 

494,015 

1,610,841 

4 

3,915,950 

3,523,912 

460,941,612 

210,406,428 

371,741 

317,918 

24,416,182 

13,561,186 

113,745 

280,624 

3,932,691 

6,756,751 

5 

5,896,776 

4,744,015 

705,002,548 

259,332,434 

665,741 

484,521 

40,695.232 

16,736.828 

227,438 

443,272 

7,559,473 

9,237,064 

6 

1,006,489 

953,599 

115,636,163 

56,098,624 

76,474 

60,944 

4,755,035 

2,482,859 

28,224 

56,627 

967,927 

1,324,033 

7 

1,009,795 

1,039,515 

109,635,147 

57,505,865 

92,662 

70,371 

6,388,491 

3,216,928 

42,142 

76,163 

2,047,661 

2,296,238 

8 

2,057,662 

1,895,268 

170,709,873 

62,673,946 

191,821 

170,715 

8,658,033 

3,259,602 

92,672 

172,741 

2,886,634 

2,191,659 

9 

1,166,007 

992,209 

102,922,196 

27,114,567 

165,941 

176,145 

6,734,082 

2,624,806 

52,153 

156,222 

1,307,304 

1,297,588 

10 

873,753 

799,031 

95,003,843 

32,355,375 

99,353 

82,633 

5,312,216 

1,740,506 

44,189 

71,540 

1,392,594 

944,606 

11 

103,505 

99,510 

14,070,531 

6,778,904 

3,705 

3,955 

270,476 

201,548 

364 

2,834 

17,749 

78,537 

12 

45,073 

52,621 

6,192,638 

3,726,007 

1,081 

1,543 

70,269 

90,816 

75 

702 

3,682 

23,847 

13 

77,043 

79,190 

8,381,854 

5,072,032 

3,513 

3,852 

200,625 

181,727 

225 

2,489 

8,878 

65,838 

14 

63,161 

71,937 

8,576,453 

5,619,159 

948 

2,298 

86,054 

160,121 

174 

799 

9,490 

47, 177 

15 

9,434 

11,120 

1,411,234 

962,429 

93 

179 

10,833 

13,779 

20 

91 

2,110 

4,740 

16 

45,610 

50,667 

6,684,002 

3,701,660 

638 

1,480 

50,275 

94,030 

93 

429 

5,123 

17,952 

17 

562,310 

578,378 

78,032,682 

45,556,014 

25,083 

30,033 

1,851,349 

1,771,023 

3,615 

20,027 

159,271 

650,894 

18 

86,032 

89,144 

11,725,055 

7,188,643 

2,207 

3,054 

201,762 

240,380 

683 

1,826 

85,695 

153,261 

19 

511,812 

525,860 

65,623,086 

38,225,630 

30,981 

36,584 

2,182,754 

1,916,501 

6,963 

28,547 

249,649 

806,696 

20 

814,507 

765.549 

93,373,221 

45,725,947 

73,620 

67,332 

4,787,578 

3,037,402 

22,197 

66,324 

749,839 

1,395,896 

21 

714,091 

644,469 

81,433,050 

36,968,203 

71,863 

64,820 

4,714,861 

2,365,668 

27,690 

52,426 

970,557 

1,308,117 

22 

1,264,202 

1,126,875 

152,396,330 

62,604,632 

138,447 

115,377 

9,210,361 

4,576,418 

50,238 

107,967 

1,766,703 

2,518,050 

23 

560,936 

517, 135 

68,278,456 

33,450,482 

41,474 

38,406 

2,775,456 

1,711,641 

7,623 

31,018 

258,562 

746.534 

24 

562,220 

479,884 

65,460,549 

31,667, 164 

46,437 

41,983 

2,927,926 

1,871,157 

5,997 

33,889 

197,030 

788, 154 

25 

675,509 

599,666 

84,779,112 

39,252,715 

63,069 

61,399 

3,840,249 

2,031,667 

14,606 

45,604 

449,511 

970,772 

26 

1,289,973 

1,134,467 

165,638,084 

69,370,107 

159,679 

133,689 

10,873,651 

5,369,392 

42,574 

124,527 

1,487,389 

2,991,078 

27 

932,269 

846,646 

105,564,793 

38,747,179 

108,615 

63,214 

6,820,643 

2,070,506 

37,603 

68,177 

1,591,127 

1.277,129 

28 

664,313 

299,192 

78,762,790 

21,054,668 

61,671 

32,131 

3,873,395 

1,127,100 

24,615 

28,625 

825,554 

546,743 

29 

571,800 

380,985 

68,788,279 

18,015,647 

60,966 

62,669 

3,759,940 

1,369,292 

23,723 

47,124 

667,466 

700,748 

30 

870,111 

665,460 

96,141,203 

33,061,792 

100,804 

73,082 

5,547,013 

2,316,583 

37,099 

66,776 

1,088,946 

1.284,984 

31 

992,801 

828,709 

105,328,287 

39,830,326 

106,937 

78,447 

5,980,341 

2,462,398 

47,318 

72,639 

1,449,480 

1,465,610 

32 

29,632 

26,229 

3,285,872 

1,641,088 

2,311 

1,903 

133,793 

84,427 

1,122 

1,590 

32,126 

42.110 

33 

137,278 

130.114 

15,886,073 

8,666,416 

12.318 

9,938 

723,072 

455,204 

5,842 

8,942 

178,322 

231,074 

34 
35 

563 
288,869 

814 
258,974 

54,970 

55,297 

24 

1,476 

1 

16 

56 

590 

32,552,971 

14,104,537 

29,972 

20,291 

1,891,589 

780,009 

11,593 

19,257 

413,050 

441,868 

36 

159,657 

160,278 

17,419,881 

9,610,189 

16,973 

12,963 

1,047,242 

601,504 

3,461 

11,947 

116,258 

264,857 

37 

155,949 

147,419 

17,845,638 

8,430,054 

6,834 

5,927 

459,952 

233,882 

3,368 

5,807 

122,544 

131,675 

38 

76,971 

72,530 

9,971,960 

4,615,538 

2,134 

3,188 

146,949 

161,587 

742 

2,701 

28,269 

69.778 

39 

114,666 

118,854 

13,880,577 

6,802,754 

3,918 

4,525 

253,141 

189,539 

1,484 

4,028 

60,121 

99,935 

40 

43,015 

38,387 

4,738,221 

2,172,751 

2,014 

2,185 

99,297 

75,232 

611 

2,239 

17,181 

42,156 

41 

387,795 

400.283 

41,190,070 

22,057,785 

38,089 

24,927 

2,737,998 

1,428,700 

17,150 

26,487 

868,052 

1,062,057 

42 

300,327 

305,426 

35,981,004 

18,024,501 

32,698 

23,109 

2,467,838 

993,396 

16,684 

23,853 

871,202 

663,620 

43 

125,264 

136,073 

13,110,385 

7,403,511 

7,347 

7,846 

425,172 

299,118 

3,025 

8,724 

115,727 

203,492 

44 

196,409 

197,733 

19,353,688 

10,020,068 

14,528 

14,489 

757,483 

495,714 

5,283 

17,089 

192,680 

367,069 

45 

228,479 

222,596 

21,878,918 

9,493,685 

17,382 

14,179 

939,768 

381,735 

8,855 

16,815 

333,523 

289,075 

46 

164,604 

168,786 

11,296,815 

6,184,115 

11,210 

12,076 

368,084 

274,190 

5,472 

13,510 

124,796 

166,312 

47 

643,418 

2  426,708 

59,223,145 

2  15,222,452 

64,996 

2  47,635 

3,295,586 

2  980,188 

34,111 

2  46,987 

1,110,190 

•     2  636,372 

48 

1,021,161 

1,077,178 

78,310,995 

31,773,694 

98,233 

96,825 

■4,054,595 

1,623,489 

44,234 

95,429 

1,318,125 

1,099,900 

49 

251,134 

245,284 

24,411,464 

6,584,595 

41,491 

44,850 

1,785,979 

839,334 

11,717 

39,838 

295,478 

364,743 

50 

162, 711 

131,076 

18,185,360 

3,708,771 

22,449 

20,832 

1,166,362 

278,326 

8,450 

18,212 

269,486 

136,246 

51 

127,275 

99,077 

11,259,690 

2,783,644 

20,638 

19,754 

840,676 

297,109 

5,078 

16,712 

137,177 

144,443 

62 

254,581 

185,541 

25,655,649 

6,487,282 

29,601 

27,360 

1,419,805 

530,164 

9,388 

23,645 

271,777 

291,280 

53 

145,151 

97,937 

7,128,138 

1,943,884 

17,500 

16,550 

369,739 

177,458 

4,468 

16,666 

63,713 

99,127 

54 

74,788 

83,804 

3,681,406 

1,466,417 

11,276 

22,283 

256,106 

152,878 

5,775 

18,976 

79,422 

82,610 

65 

94,290 

90,974 

9,149,915 

3,026,122 

14,070 

13,515 

660,117 

247,348 

4,541 

11,395 

132,091 

122,843 

66 

56,077 

58,516 

3,450,674 

1,113,852 

8,916 

11,001 

236,298 

102,188 

2,736 

10,778 

58,160 

56,296 

57 

241,624 

191,314 

27,839,750 

7,794,016 

27,272 

30,312 

1,498,683 

502,760 

11,071 

22,359 

325,941 

253,658 

58 

229,646 

234,112 

23,393,536 

7,903,406 

30,154 

27,682 

1,424,342 

480,133 

10,081 

26,138 

299,005 

267,621 

59 

402,584 

373,605 

43,770,557 

16,657,953 

41,927 

24,639 

2,389,191 

763,613 

23,037 

23,049 

767,648 

423,427 

324  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

HORSES.  MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE  OF  HORSES  AND  MULES, 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


Table  31— Continued. 

DIVISION  OB  STATE. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Ehode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio.. 

Indiana 

niinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PACinc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Number. 


1910 


4,209,769 


1,729 
52,416 
259,423 
715,932 
749,257 
003,804 
286,378 
48,957 
91,873 


358 
195 
429 
268 
63 
416 

4,052 
4,041 
44,323 

22,850 
82,168 
147,833 
3,700 
2,872 

5,775 

55,524 

342,700 

7,695 

12,424 

83,405 

208,409 

5,935 
22,-667 
53 
60,022 
11,717 
174,711 
155,471 
295,348 
23,333 

225,043 
275,855 
247,146 
265,760 

222,200 
131,554 
257,066 
675,558 

4,174 
4,036 
2,045 
14,739 
14,937 
3,963 
2,277 
2,786 

12,185 
9,927 
69,761 


1900 


3,264,616 


1,396 
46,260 
215,538 
535,117 
556,129 
850,651 
938,787 
26,829 
94,909 


363 
97 
331 

298 
38 

278 

3,313 

4,888 
38,059 

16,771 
66,717 
124,644 
2,916 
4,490 

8,339 
55,747 
283,519 
6,880 
6,804 
55,124 
118,704 

4,745 

17,511 

81 

47,474 

11,354 

135,610 

117,369 

207,321 

13,664 

190,665 
253,657 
192,070 
214,259 

175,001 

143,970 

1112,535 

507,281 

2,729 
1,793 
1,227 
6,784 
5,311 
4,077 
2,116 
2,792 

2,600 

7,446 

84,773 


Value. 


1910 


$525,391,863 


282,928 
7,696,310 
31,404,071 
90,544,355 
107,799,330 
125,108,538 
145,350,358 
6,227,444 
11,978,529 


72,446 
29,681 
63,540 
43,385 
11,155 
72,721 

650,497 

621,774 

6,424,039 

2,776,831 

9,678,014 

18,140,335 

493,826 

316,066 

732,723 
7,561,818 
43,438,702 
1,149,001 
1,668,617 
10,374,076 
26,629,418 

764,133 
3,043,581 
5,860 
7,696,516 
1.339,760 
23,699,687 
23,830,361 
43,974,611 
3,545,821 

26,402,090 
35,100,810 
31,677,217 
32,028,421 

27,128,027 
15,624,962 
28,618,224 
73,979,145 

445,278 
481,301 
248,572 
1,798,535 
1,463,012 
399,449 
157,497 
233,800 

1,776,297 
1,185,788 
9,016,444 


190d 


1196,222,053 


93,704 
3,490,899 
12,480,773 
30.056,974 
38,036,487 
54,539,552 
51,455,760 
1,001,561 
6,067,343 


19,530 
6,072 

21,847 

20,685 
2,835 

22,736 

229,172 

364,037 

2,907,690 

941,211 

3,717,083 

7,420,611 

168,475 

243,493 

486,680 
3,586,761 
15,482,282 
476,366 
345,609 
3,171,460 
6,507,916 

345,401 

1,394,522 

6,050 

2,941,765 

725, 134 

8,677,298 

8,415,623 

14,454,822 

1,074,972 

11,105,553 
16,200,550 
13,104,642 
14,128,807 

9,989,704 
10,636,982 
« 5,707,455 
26,121,619 

102,741 
70,642 
61,609 
325,547 
183, 132 
123,539 
58,860 
85,601 

138,185 

318,249 

4,610,909 


mature  mules. 


Number. 


1910 


3,787,316 


1,663 
50,723 
217,775 
564,316 
736,343 
924,878 
1,172,266 
39,700 
79,654 


342 
186 
405 
259 
63 
409 

3,840 
3,960 
42,923 

20,904 
69,493 
121, 450 
3,329 
2,599 

5,213 
46,485 
265,601 
7,164 
10,495 
67,186 
162,172 

5,676 
21,498 
63 
56,016 
10,800 
171,135 
154,806 
293,231 
23,128 

195,675 
240,282 
242,285 
246,636 

206,452 
128,667 
219,990 
617, 166 

3,021 
2,993 
1,675 
11,602 
13,175 
3,607 
1,664 
2,163 

9,949 
7,708 
61,997 


1900 


2,753,486 


1,073 
40,749 
169,776 
379,162 
525,288 
723,226 
814,600 
19,076 
80,537 


240 

72 
280 
214 

36 
231 

2,939 

4,499 

33,311 

13,986 
52,232 
97,646 
2,379 
3,633 

6,804 
42,462 
194,984 
5,962 
5,143 
42,252 
81,565 

4,349 

16,970 

81 

40,399 

9,791 

126,034 

113,768 

200,811 

13,185 

149,010 
200,302 
179,522 
194,392 

165,369 
136,420 
190,164 
433,657 

1,749 
1,309 
779 
5,017 
4,118 
3,080 
1,278 
1,745 

1,927 
5,341 
73,269 


Value. 


1910 


9497,982,330 


277,738 
7,558,868 
28,671,206 
79,913,033 
106,961,436 
119,631,758 
139,030,282 
4,712,502 
11,225,517 


71,431 
28,836 
51,616 
42,906 
11,155 
71,796 

633,272 

616,389 

6,309,197 

2,656,354 

8,849,572 

16,396,322 

469,927 

299,031 

697,461 

6,877,871 
37,683,467 
1,112,691 
1,537,901 
9,353,668 
22,649,984 

748,326 

2,967,983 

5,860 

7,337,186 

1,278,071 

23,472,903 

23,787,489 

43,831,302 

3,532,316 

24,372,211 
32,489,724 
31,285,918 
31,483,906 

26,198,831 
15,485,703 
26,428,433 
70,917,315 

380,307 
411, 147 
226,432 
1,605,500 
1,376,570 
379,905 
125,278 
207,363 

1,628,923 
1,044,573 
8,552,021 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


325 


BY  AGE  GROUPS,  AND  OF  ASSES  AND  BURROS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900— Continued. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


YEAELIKQ  MULES. 

MXJLE 

COLTS. 

ALL  ASSES  AND  BUBEOS. 

Number. 

V'alue. 

Number. 

Value. 

Number.          | 

Value. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1 
1900 

1910 

1900 

1910      1 

1 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

313,196 

279,601 

$22,874,502 

$11,755,416 

109,257 

231,628 

$4,535,031 

$6,201,899 

106,698 

94,166 

$13,200,112 

$5,811,184 

2 

53 

103 

4,625 

5,585 

13 

210 

565 

7,142 

147 

180 

12,823 

5,948 

3 

1,529 

4,108 

130,657 

240,260 

164 

1.403 

6,795 

54,882 

685 

957 

86,974 

33,123 

4 

30,725 

22,437 

2,307,669 

007,086 

10,923 

23,325 

425,106 

692,575 

5,426 

4,310 

958,698 

369,970 

5 

114,108 

80,985 

9,037,902 

.3,412,773 

37,509 

74,970 

1,593,420 

2, 110, 194 

22,254 

15,580 

4,938,155 

1,851,320 

6 

10,182 

20,552 

732,886 

1,045,582 

2,732 

9,289 

105,008 

277,980 

3,373 

2,301 

474,208 

216,228 

7 

58,699 

09,758 

4,507,a36 

3,214,847 

20,227 

57.667 

969,744 

1,679,732 

15,731 

17,703 

2,347,454 

1,514,347 

8 

82,078 

70,023 

5,098,056 

2,438,377 

32,035 

54,164 

1,222,020 

1,167,656 

29,760 

22,364 

3,141,343 

1,384,728 

9 

7,454 

3,730 

453,560 

100,017 

1,803 

4,024 

61,382 

75,400 

25,009 

28,088 

659,960 

220,919 

10 

8,368 

7,805 

602,111 

290,980 

3,851 

6,667 

150,901 

136,338 

3,313 

2,692 

580,497 

205,601 

11 

11 

21 

745 

970 

5 

92 

270 

2,675 

22 

48 

3,728 

760 

12 

7 

13 

726 

630 

3 

12 

120 

232 

30 

27 

1,593 

1,565 

13 

23 

13 

1,865 

630 

1 

38 

60 

1,315 

22 

26 

2,038 

915 

14 

S 

27 

366 

1,480 

4 

57 

116 

2,260 

21 

61 

1,777 

1,709 

15 

2 
27 

182 

926 

16,346 

65 
1,810 

9,160 

11 
41 

284 

6 
24 

338 

630 
3,057 

38,262 

210 

16 
17 

7 
191 

20 
192 

660 
6,162 

780 

21 

880 

8,109 

18 

61 

322 

4,660 

20,823 

20 

67 

725 

2,844 

63 

43 

5,274 

2,455 

10 

1,277 

3,004 

109,652 

210,286 

123 

1,144 

5,190 

45,876 

348 

676 

43,438 

22,559 

20 

1,601 

1,321 

107,501 

60,244 

346 

1.464 

11,976 

46,525 

488 

250 

61,560 

18,981 

21 

9,388 

7,320 

094,621 

324,363 

3,287 

7,165 

133,821 

216,355 

1,646 

1,008 

291,217 

116,144 

22 

19, 181 

13,194 

1,467,711 

685,666 

7,202 

13,804 

276,302 

401,070 

2,863 

2,529 

568,194 

223,147 

23 

309 

188 

21,641 

7,866 

62 

349 

2,257 

0,000 

233 

06 

23,932 

3,193 

24 

246 

414 

16,195 

19,867 

27 

543 

840 

10,625 

196 

428 

13,795 

8,505 

25 

444 

813 

31,077 

39,020 

118 

722 

4,195 

24,682 

219 

161 

22,857 

11,475 

26 

7,557 

6,807 

612,601 

333,830 

1,482 

6,488 

61,346 

207,356 

1,614 

1,832 

280,212 

150,768 

27 

57,750 

47,111 

4,836,860 

1,939,879 

19,349 

41.424 

918,366 

1,140,502 

12,877 

8,777 

3,053,873 

1,111,893 

28 

421 

510 

31,780 

25,237 

110 

408 

4,530 

11,615 

133 

96 

22,915 

13,231 

29 

1,563 

743 

116,940 

30,180 

366 

918 

13,776 

24,573 

333 

196 

71,628 

19,021 

30 

12,467 

6,671 

885,050 

203,366 

3,753 

6,201 

134,458 

182,875 

2,118 

732 

447,635 

116,756 

31 

33,906 

18,330 

2,522,685 

751,271 

12,331 

18,800 

456,749 

518,591 

4,960 

3,787 

1,039,035 

428,176 

32 

173 

289 

12,750 

17,930 

.     86 

107 

3,057 

5,450 

18 

16 

3,975 

845 

33 
34 
35 

869 

1,136 

63,006 

66,408 

300 

405 

11,690 

15,192 

101 

69 

35,450 

6,810 

3,170 

4,196 

224,565 

192,701 

836 

2,870 

33,765 

83,918 

783 

412 

121,654 

52,231 

36 

777 

852 

56,018 

41, 149 

140 

711 

5,671 

24,293 

160 

116 

25,556 

15,234 

37 

2,734 

5,600 

106,891 

256,401 

842 

3,076 

29,893 

81,927 

1,017 

826 

132,554 

69,460 

38 

528 

3,081 

37,602 

187,207 

137 

520 

5,270 

18,937 

401 

247 

62,911 

22,353 

39 

1,754 

5,021 

128,402 

261,684 

363 

•  1,480 

14,817 

44,951 

765 

519 

81,403 

45,850 

40 

177 

377 

12,660 

22,102 

28 

102 

845 

3,312 

128 

98 

10, 705 

3,446 

41 

21,240 

20,945 

1,640,308 

035,563 

8,128 

20,710 

389,571 

600,746 

4,677 

5,259 

848,276 

459,210 

42 

26,486 

28,674 

2,150,423 

1,284,211 

9,087 

24.681 

460,663 

724,608 

7,989 

8,852 

1,075,066 

703, 702 

43 

3,743 

7,853 

248,218 

300,664 

1,118 

4,695 

43,081 

134,232 

1,272 

1,810 

143, 747 

134,826 

44 

7,230 

12,286 

468,087 

606,409 

1,894 

7,581 

76,429 

220,146 

1,793 

1,773 

280,365 

216,609 

45 

11,203 

10,908 

741,838 

433,326 

4,545 

8,734 

187,358 

209,940 

3,098 

2,479 

469,738 

222,186 

46 
47 

2,261 
25,795 
42,819 

6,225 
>  11,810 

120,251 
1,746,555 

293,765 
1426,637 

626 
11,281 

2,325 
'  10.561 

19,008 
443,236 

52,950 
1254,782 

531 
5,723 

683 
12,783 

70,226 
881,305 

51,685 
1242,111 

48 

41,080 

2,480,412 

1,284,649 

16,583 

32,544 

572,418 

649,984 

20,408 

16,409 

1,720,074 

868, 747 

49 
60 
51 
52 
53 
54 

as 

66 

1,023 
806 
325 
2,408 
1,458 
338 
575 
521 

404 
209 
239 
874 
632 
552 
380 
440 

61,206 
50,840 
20,600 
165,238 

77,447 
17,167 
28,364 
23,689 

12,021 
6,610 
9,451 
33,300 
15,307 
13,384 
9,775 
9,169 

130 
237 
45 
729 
304 
118 
138 
102 

576 
275 
209 
893 
561 
446 
458 
607 

3,765 
10,305 
1,540 
27,797 
8,995 
2,377 
3,855 
2,748 

12,806 
6,253 
3,730 

22,303 
8,040 
7,273 
6,279 
8,716 

160 

347 

241 

3,233 

11,852 

7,104 

1,160 

912 

128 
362 
414 

5,513 
15,902 

4,625 
888 
266 

55, 181 
99,992 
27,690 
136, 732 
163,032 
73,092 
68,246 
35,995 

16,008 
10,733 
10,037 
52,010 
64,528 
32,162 
15,555 
28,886 

67 
68 
69 

1,673 
1,782 
4,913 

322 
1,014 
6,469 

125,587 
124,857 
351,667 

12,992 
30,013 
247,975 

663 

437 

j              2,851 

441 
1,091 
5,035 

21,787 
16,358 
112,756 

10,669 
20,882 
104,787 

173 

548 

2,592 

160 

306 

2,227 

82,405 
150,777 
347,315 

16,481 
42,423 
146,697 

326 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Alili  HORSES,    MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BURROS  ON  FARMS. 

NUMBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,  1910. 


ALI,  SWINE  ON  FARMS. 


NUMBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,  1910. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


327 


SWINE  ON  FAKMS. 


United  States  as  a  whole. — The  following  table  shows, 
for  1910  and  1900,  the  principal  facts  with  regard  to 
swine  on  farms  for  the  United  States : 


Table  22 


WIO— Number  (April  15) ... . 

Value 

Average  value 

Farms  reporting 

Per  cent  of  all  farms 

UOO— Number  (June  1) 

Value 

Average  value 

Farms  reporting 

Per  cent  of  all  farms 


All  swine. 


58,185,676 

$399,338,308 

$6.86 

4,351,751 

68.4 

62,868,041 

$231,978,031 

$3.69 

4,335,363 

75.6 


Hogs  and 

pigs  bom 

before  Jan.  1. 


35,134,097 

$352,157,958 

$10.02 

4,092,391 

64.3 


Pigs  bom 
after  Jan.  1. 


23,051,579 

$47, 180,, 350 

$2.05 

1,868,672 

29.4 


1  No  age  classification  in  1900. 

The  number  of  swine  reported  for  June  1,  1900,  was 
62,868,000  and  the  number  reported  for  April  15, 1910, 
58,186,000,  an  apparent  decrease  of  4,682,000,  or  7.4 
per  cent.  The  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration, 
however,  has  a  very  serious  effect  on  the  compara- 
bility of  the  statistics  for  1900  and  1910,  since  the 
number  of  swine  bom  between  April  15  and  June  1 
undoubtedly  greatly  exceeds  the  number  slaughtered 
during  that  period.  It  is  probable  that  if  the  enu- 
meration of  1910  had  been  made  as  of  June  1  the  num- 
ber of  swine  would  have  been  greater  than  in  1900,  but 
it  is  impossible  to  make  any  close  estimate.  Notwith- 
standing the  decrease  in  the  number  of  swine  at  the 
census  of  1910,  as  compared  with  that  of  1900,  the 
aggregate  value  of  swine  on  farms  increased  from 
$231,978,000  in  1900  to  $399,338,000  in  1910. 

Divisions  and  states. — Table  25  (page  328)  shows, 
for  each  geographic  division  and  state,  the  number 
and  value  of  swine  on  farms  at  the  last  two  censuses. 
The  following  statement  shows,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions and  sections,  the  distribution  of  swine  and  the 
increase  or  decrease  during  the  decade: 


Table  23 

INCREASE  IN 

number: 
1900  TO  1910  > 

PER    CENT   OP   TOTAL 
NUMBER  IN  UNITED 
STATES. 

AVEBAOE  NUM- 
BER PER  1,000 
ACRES  OF  LAND 
IN  FARMS. 

DIVISION  OB  SECTION. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

All 

swine. 

"32 

P4 

All 
swiae. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

MS  03 

3^- 

United  States.... 
New  England 

-4,682,366 

34.443 

-169,186 

-1,580,192 

-3,145,529 

401,158 

-1.206,742 

'619,466 

241,231 

128,986 

-7.4 

9.S 

-8.6 

-9.9 

-12.9 

7.2 

-18.2 

9.7 

60.4 

12.2 

100.0 

0.7 
3.1 
24.9 
36.6 
10.2 
9.3 
12.1 
1.1 
2.0 

100.0 

o.c 

3.1 
25.5 
38.9 

8.8 
10.6 
10.2 

0.6 

1.7 

100.0 

0.7 
3.1 
21.7 
36.0 
U.O 
10.4 
13.8 
1.2 
2.1 

100.0 

0.7 
3.1 
29.6 
37.5 
9.1 
7.7 
9.5 
1.0 
1.9 

66 

20 
41 
123 
91 
57 
67 
42 
11 
23 

76 

18 
44 
138 
122 
53 
82 
36 
9 
22 

40 
12 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central... 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central... 
West  South  Central... 
Mountain 

25 
65 
54 
37 
45 
29 
7 

Paelflc 

15 

The  North 

-4,866,464 

-186,118 

370,217 

-11.4 
-1.0 
25.3 

65.2 
31.7 
3.1 

68.1 
29.6 
2.3 

61.5 
35.2 
3.3 

70.9 
26.2 
2.9 

92 
52 
17 

112 

51 
16 

52 

The  South 

35 

The  West 

10 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
WestoftheMississippi. 

-2,526,519 
-2,155,846 

-8.3 
-6.7 

48.2 
51.8 

48.6 
51.4 

46.9 
53.1 

50.1 
49.9 

77 
59 

83 
69 

45 
36 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


In  considering  the  geographic  distribution  of  the 
total  number  of  swine  reported  for  April  15,  1910,  it 


should  be  noted  that  the  number  reported  for  that 
date  presumably  corresponds  more  closely  to  the  av- 
erage number  on  hand  during  the  entire  year  in  the 
case  of  some  sections  of  the  country  than  in  the  case 
of  others,  since,  on  account  of  differences  in  climate 
and  in  the  prevailing  practice  as  to  hog  raising,  the 
proportion  which  the  number  of  pigs  born  before  April 
15  represents  of  the  entire  number  born  during  the 
year  varies  materially  in  different  sections.  More- 
over, the  distribution  of  the  number  of  swine  living  on 
a  given  date  does  not  indicate  very  closely  the  impor- 
tance of  the  several  sections  of  the  country  in  the  hog 
raising  industry,  for  the  reason  that  in  some  sections 
the  hogs  are  slaughtered  at  an  earlier  average  age  than 
in  other  sections.  In  1910  the  West  North  Central 
division  reported  considerably  more  than  one-third 
(36  per  cent)  of  the  total  number  of  "mature"  swine 
(that  is,  those  born  before  Jan.  1,  1910)  in  the  United 
States,  and  the  East  North  Central  division  some- 
what over  one-fifth  (21.7  per  cent).  Most  of  the  re- 
mainder were  in  the  three  southern  divisions.  For 
reasons  already  indicated  the  distribution  of  young 
pigs  differs  somewhat  from  that  of  other  swine. 

In  considering  the  increase  or  decrease  in  the  num- 
ber of  swine  of  all  ages  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration  probably  affects 
the  comparability  of  the  statistics  for  the  two  censuses 
in  a  more  marked  degree  in  some  divisions  than  in 
others.  Fewer  swine  were  reported  on  April  15,  1910, 
than  on  June  1,  1900,  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  East 
North  Central,  and  West  North  Central  divisions,  and 
also  in  one  southern  division,  the  East  South  Central, 
but  there  was  an  increase  in  the  other  five  divisions. 

The  following  table  shows  average  values  per  head: 


Table  24 

AVERAGE  VALUE  PER  HEAD. 

DIVISION 

All  swine. 

Hogs  and 

pigs  bom 

before  Jan. 

1, 1910. 

Pigs  bom 
after  Jan. 
1, 1910. 

1910 

1900 

United  States 

$6.86 
10.09 
8.18 
7.10 
8.62 
3.83 
4.70 
4.65 
7.98 
7.02 

$3.69 
6.79 
5.38 
3.83 
4.35 
2.29 
2.39 
2.56 
4.64 
4.11 

$10. 02 
13.92 
11.17 
11.64 
13.18 
4.94 
6.08 
5.85 
10.88 
9.53 

$2.05 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

4.33 
3.68 

East  North  Central 

2.04 

West  North  Central 

1.95 

South  Atlantic 

1.76 

1.84 

West  South  Central 

1.98 

Mountain 

2.89 

Pacific  

2.76 

For  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  average  value 
of  all  swine  in  1910  was  $6.86,  as  compared  with  $3.69 
in  1900.  Had  the  enumeration  of  1910  been  made 
as  of  June  1,  however,  the  average  value  per  head 
would  have  been  considerably  less  than  that  based 
upon  the  values  reported  for  April  15.  The  average 
value  per  head  of  swine  born  before  January  1,  1910, 
which  furnishes  a  better  basis  for  comparison  among 
divisions  than  that  of  all  swine,  was  much  lower  in  the 
three  southern  divisions  than  in  the  divisions  of  the 
North  and  West. 


328 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


SWINE  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900, 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration.] 


Table  25 


MVISION  OB  STATE. 


TTni ted  States 

Obogbaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nobth  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL 

SWINE. 

hogs  and  figs  boen  befobe 

JAN.  1,  1910. 

pigs  boen  a 
1910 

FTEE  JAN.    1, 

Number. 

Value. 

1910 

1000 

1910 

1900  . 

Number. 

Value. 

Number. 

Value. 

58,185,676 

62,868,041 

$399,338,308 

$231,978,031 

36,134,097 

$352,167,958 

23,051,579 

$47,180,350 

396,642 

362, 199 

4,002,424 

2,460,845 

238,351 

3,317,046 

158,291 

685,378 

1,790,821 

1,960,007 

14,656,806 

10,550,806 

1,076,591 

12,030,104 

714,230 

2,626,702 

14,461,059 

16,047,251 

102,738,278 

61,404,163 

7,634,179 

88,825,333 

6,826,880 

13,912,945 

21,281,509 

24,427,038 

183,456,287 

106,372,079 

12,642,984 

166,637,349 

8,638,626 

16,818,938 

5,963,920 

5,562,762 

22,834,358 

12,738,747 

3,877,400 

19,167,812 

2,086,520 

3,666,546 

5,438,606 

6,645,348 

25,551,000 

16,865,699 

3,664,939 

22,286,615 

1,773,667 

3,264,385 

7,021,945 

6,402,479 

32,631,977 

16,367,505 

4,842,112 

28,312,087 

2,179,833 

4,319,890 

640,911 

399,680 

6,114,499 

1,853,665 

408,069 

4,441,808 

232,842 

672,691 

1,190,263- 

1,061,277 

8,352,679 

4,364,522 

749,472 

7,139,804 

440,791 

1,212,875 

87,156 

79,018 

948,094 

516,016 

54,326 

804,965 

32,830 

143,129 

45,237 

61,211 

504,174 

367,573 

28,506 

-    431,973 

16,732 

72,201 

94,821 

96,090 

974,779 

620,169 

64,537 

798,831 

40,284 

175,948 

103,018 

78,926 

978,989 

649,617 

62,368 

809,431 

40,650 

169,658 

14,038 

11,508 

123,647 

90,614 

8,157 

98,492 

5,881 

25,166 

52,372 

46,447 

472,741 

326,857 

30,468 

373,364 

21,914 

99,387 

666,179 

676,639 

6,905,272 

3,794,332 

364,375 

4,698,066 

301,804 

1,207,206 

147,006 

175,387 

1,127,040 

926,179 

86,699 

936,728 

60,306 

191,312 

977,637 

1,107,981 

7,624,«4 

5,830,295 

626,517 

6, 3%,  310 

352,120 

1,228,184 

3,105,627 

3,188,563 

19,412,730 

11,813,168 

1,574,009 

16,180,493 

1,631,618 

3,232,237 

3,613,906 

3,763,389 

23,739,586 

13,804,893 

1,906,268 

20,433,328 

1,707,648 

3,306,258 

4,686,362 

5,915,468 

36,210,179 

23,616,781 

2,603,062 

32,416,806 

2,083,300 

3,793,374 

1,245,833 

1,165,200 

9,755,042 

4,688,898 

655,921 

8,284,483 

589,912 

1,470,659 

1,809,331 

2,014,631 

13,620,741 

7,680,423 

894,929 

11,610,224 

914,402 

2,110,517 

1,520,257 

1,440,806 

13,929,127 

6,865,590 

833,970 

12,277,431 

686,287 

1,651,696 

7,545,853 

9,723,791 

69,693,218 

43,764,176 

4,299,499 

63,976,664 

3,246,354 

5,716,664 

4,438,194 

4,524,664 

31,937,573 

16,633,936 

2,800,281 

28,578,662 

1,637,913 

3,359,021 

331,603 

191,798 

3,152,909 

930,470 

199,707 

2,797,423 

131,896 

355,486 

1,009,721 

823,120 

10,387,093 

3,540,072 

658, 181 

9,598,656 

351,540 

788,437 

3,436,724 

4,128,000 

29,M9,482 

18,660,932 

1,970,895 

27,157,456 

1,464,829 

2,492,026 

3,000,167 

3,694,859 

24,706,885 

17,076,904 

1,880,461 

22,251,277 

1,119,706 

2,466,608 

49,260 

46,732 

337,910 

234,472 

34,101 

288,364 

15,169 

49,546 

301,583 

317,902 

1,765,857 

1,329,143 

196,415 

1,476,180 

105,168 

289,677 

665 

802 

9,382 

4,097 

435 

7,831 

230 

1,651 

797,635 

946,443 

4,165,680 

2,572,524 

526,328 

8,607,001 

271,307 

658,679 

328,188 

442,844 

2,087,392 

1,389,808 

211,463 

1,779,050 

116,725 

308,342 

1,227,625 

1,300,469 

4,638,046 

2,516,410 

802,279 

3,861,361 

425,346 

776,685 

665,211 

618,995 

2,552,344 

1,411,516 

421,973 

2,158,347 

243,238 

393,997 

1,783,684 

1,424,298 

5,429,016 

2,677,950 

1,141,385 

4,547,835 

642,299 

881,181 

810,069 

464,277 

1,848,731 

702,827 

543,021 

1,641,843 

267,048 

306,888 

1,491,816 

1,954,537 

8,951,692 

5,176,183 

1,038,488 

7,934,000 

453,328 

1,017,692 

1,387,938 

1,976,984 

7,329,622 

4,838,713 

1,031,137 

6,593,762 

356,801 

735,860 

1,266,733 

1,423,329 

4,366,520 

2,887,230 

815,446 

3,678,508 

451,287 

678,012 

1,292,119 

1,290,498 

4,913,166 

2,963,673 

779,868 

4,080,345 

512,251 

832,821 

1,518,947 

1,713,307 

6,170,924 

2,981,309 

1,150,767 

4,607,057 

368,180 

563,867 

1,327,605 

788,426 

3,824,046 

1,494,284 

838,321 

3,183,728 

489,284 

640,318 

1,839,030 

11,236,133 

11,997,641 

14,286,226 

1,211,876 

10,440,178 

627,154 

1,667,463 

2,336,363 

2,665,614 

11,639,366 

7,605,687 

1,641,148 

10,081,124 

695,215 

1,668,2^ 

99,261 

49,496 

868,829 

281,402 

56,342 

720,365 

42,919 

138,464 

178, 346 

114,080 

1,398,727 

480,338 

118,907 

1,246,634 

59,439 

152,093 

33,947 

15,471 

301,716 

78,145 

23,301 

271,694 

10,646 

30,022 

179,294 

101,198 

1,568,168 

482,722 

110,922 

1,360,907 

68,372 

207,261 

45,409 

20,426 

275,861 

81,644 

31,784 

241,813 

13,625 

34,038 

17,208 

18,103 

113,714 

80,587 

10,422 

91,479 

6,786 

22,236 

64,286 

65,732 

445,653 

293,115 

42,107 

382,284 

22,179 

63,309 

23,160 

15,174 

161,861 

75,712 

14,284 

126,632 

8,876 

25,219 

206,135 

181,535 

1,674,927 

830,704 

127,356 

1,431,286 

78,779 

243,641 

217,577 

281,406 

1,570,949 

1,057,037 

139,306 

1,361,694 

78,271 

209,256 

766,551 

698,336 

6,106,803 

2,476,781 

482,810 

4,346,824 

283,741 

769,979 

1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS  AND  ELSEWHERE. 


329 


Table  26  shows  the  number  of  swine  reported  at 
each  of  the  last  four  censuses.  The  figures  for  1910, 
as  already  stated,  are  not  closely  comparable  with 
the  others.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  swine 
since  1880  has  fallen  far  short  of  keeping  pace  with 
the  growth  of  population.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that,  on  account  of  the  improvement  in  methods  of 
raising  and  marketing  swine,  the  increase  in  the  actual 
annual  production  for  market  (both  in  number  and 
in  weight)  has  been  more  rapid  than  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  hogs  and  pigs  hving  on  any  given  date^ 
as  shown  in  this  table. 

SHEEP  AND  GOATS  ON  FARMS 


Table  26 

DIVISION. 

(JWINE. 

1910 

1900 

1890              1880 

1 

United  States 

68,185,676 

396,642 
1,790,821 
14,461,059 
21,281,509 
5,963,920 
5,438,606 
7,021,945 
640,911 
1,190,263 

62,868,041 

362,199 

1,960,007 

16,047,251 

24,427,038 

5,563,762 

6,645,348 

6,402,479 

399,680 

1,061,277 

167,426,859 

407,590 

2,345,759 

14,995,448 

22,629,184 

5,082,321 

6,544,683 

14,353,903 

1175,429 

1892,542 

149,772,670 

362, 133 

2,158,944 

13,590,908 

1  14,527,709 

15,720,132 

6,790,000 

15,422,141 

1105,015 

1  1,095,688 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

1  Includes  estimated  number  of  swine  on  public  ranges. 


United  States  as  a  whole. — The  effect  of  the  change 
in  the  date  of  enumeration  and  method  of  classifica- 
tion in  rendering  the  statistics  of  the  last  two  cen- 
suses incomparable  is  probably  somewhat  greater 
in  the  case  of  sheep  than  in  the  case  of  cattle.     No 


age  classification  was  made  at  either  census  for  goats. 
The  following  statement  shows  the  designations  ap- 
plied to  the  several  classes  of  sheep  at  each  of  the  last 
two  censuses  and  the  number  reported  in  each  class, 
and  also  the  totals  for  goats: 


Table  27 


1910  (April  15). 


Class  as  defined  on  schedule. 


All  ahMp  and  goats  ... 

Sheep  and  Iambs. 


Ewes  bom  before  Jan.  1,  1910 

Rams  and  wethers  bom  before  Jan.  1, 

1910. 
Lambs  bom  after  Jan.  1, 1910 


Goats  and  kids  (all  ages) , 


Corresponding  age 
limits. 


Over  34  months.. 
Over  31  months.. 

Under  3)  months. 


Number. 


W,3«2,98e 


62,447,861 


31,933,797 
7,710,249 

12,803,815 


2,915,1% 


1900  (June  1). 


Class  as  defined  on  schedule. 


All  iheep  and  Koati... 

Sheep  and  lambs. 


Sheep  (ewes)  1  year  old  and  over. 
Sheep  (rams  and   wethers)  1 

year  old  and  over. 
Lambs  under  1  year 


Ooats  (all  ages) 


Corresponding  limits 
of  date  of  birth. 


Before  June  1,1899.. 
Before  June  1, 1899. . 


After  June  1,1899. 


Number. 


63,374,318 


61,503,713 


31,857,652 
7,995,315 


21,650,746 


1,870,599 


nominal  INCEEASE.l 


Number. 


-8,011,326 


-9,055,852 


76,145 
-285,066 


-8,846,931 


1,044,526 


Per 
cent. 


-12.6 


0.2 
-3.6 


-40.9 
55.8 


>  A  minus  sign  ( 

The  total  number  of  sheep  reported  as  on  farms  and 
ranges  on  April  15,  1910,  was  52,448,000,  as  compared 
with  61,504,000  on  June  1,  1900,  a  decrease  of 
9,056,000,  or  14.7  per  cent.  This  decrease,  however, 
is  due  partly  to  the  change  in  the  date  of  enumera- 
tion. Many  lambs  are  born  during  the  interval  be- 
tween April  15  and  June  1.  Furthermore,  on  many 
ranches  in  the  West  the  lambs  are  not  definitely 
counted  so  early  in  the  year  as  April  15,  and  it  seems 
likely  that  in  some  such  cases  ranchmen  failed  to 
make  any  estimate  of  the  lambs. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that,  even  after  making  necessary 
allowances,  as  discussed  below,  the  number  of  ewes  1 
year  of  age  or  over  on  June  1,  1910,  was  probably  less 
than  1,000,000  short  of  the  number  on  the  same  date 
in  1900,  it  seems  likely  that,  if  the  enumeration  of 
1910  had  been  made  as  of  June  1,  there  would  have 
been  nearly  as  many  lambs  less  than  1  year  old  as 
were  reported  10  years  before,  probably  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  21,000,000,  as  compared  with  21,651,000 
in  1900.  Of  these,  however,  a  comparatively  small 
number  would  have  consisted  of  animals  born  between 
June  1,  1909,  and  January  1,  1910,  which  are  already 
included,  under  the  classification  of  1910,  in  the  re- 
turns of  ewes  and  rams  and  wethers.  After  deducting 
these  there  would  probably  have  remained  on  June  1, 
1910,  about  19,000,000  or  20,000,000  spring  lambs,  or 
6,000,000  or  7,000,000  more  than  the  number  reported 
on  April  15,  which  was  12,804,000.     The  number  of 


— )  denotes  decrease. 

older  sheep,  however,  would,  on  account  of  slaughter 
and  deaths  from  other  causes,  have  been  less  on  June 
1  than  on  April  15 — perhaps  by  between  1,000,000 
and  2,000,000.  In  view  of  all  these  considerations,  it 
would  seem  that,  if  the  enumeration  of  1910  had  been 
made  as  of  June  1,  there  would  have  been  between 
56,000,000  and  58,000,000  sheep  and  lambs,  as  com- 
pared with  61,504,000  on  June  1,  1900. 

The  number  of  ewes  was  reported  in  19 10  as  3 1,934,000 
and  in  1900  as  31,858,000,  there  being  thus  nominally 
a  shght  increase.  In  order  to  make  the  figures  compa- 
rable, however,  it  would  be  necessary  to  deduct  from 
the  number  of  ewes  reported  on  April  15,  1910,  the  com- 
paratively small  number  born  between  June  1,  1909, 
and  January  1,  1910,  which  would  have  been  classed  as 
lambs  at  the  census  of  1900,  and  also  to  deduct  the 
comparatively  small  number  of  ewes  slaughtered  or  oth- 
erwise eUminated  during  the  six  weeks  from  April  15  to 
June  1 .  The  whole  number  to  be  deducted  would  prob- 
ably be  less  than  one  mUUon.  In  the  case  of  rams  and 
wethers,  the  number  to  be  deducted  from  the  returns 
of  1910,  on  account  of  slaughter  between  April  15  and 
June  1,  would  be  relatively  greater  than  in  the  case  of 
ewes,  so  that  had  the  date  of  enumeration  and  the 
method  of  classification  been  the  same  at  the  two 
censuses  a  considerably  greater  decrease  would  have 
appeared  than  is  shown  in  the  table. 

Despite  the  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration,  the 
number  of  goats  and  kids  increased  from  1,871,000  in 
1900  to  2,915,000  in  1910. 


330 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  following  statement  shows  the  value  of  sheep 
and  goats  and  the  number  of  farms  reporting  them : 


Table  28 

SHEEP.  1 

All  goats 
and  kids. 

All  sheep 
and  Iambs. 

Ewes. 

Rams  and 
wethers. 

Lambs. 

1910— Number 

52,447,861 

$232,841,585 

$4.44 

610,894 

9.6 

61,503,713 

$170,203,119 

$2.77 

31,933,797 

$164,855,314 

$5.16 

590,878 

9.3 

31,857,652 

$101,288,730 

$3.18 

7,710,249 

$38,660,830 

$5.01 

297,138 

4.7 

7,995,315 

$26,898,061 

$3.36 

12,803,815 

$29,325,441 

$2.29 

470,626 

7.4 

21,650,746 

$42,016,328 

$1.94 

2,915,125 

$6,176,423 

Average  value 

Farms  reporting 

Per  cent  of  all  farms. 

1900— Number 

$2.12 

82,755 

1.3 

1,870,599 

$3,265,349 

Average  value 

$1.75 

1  For  definition  of  the  subclasses  at  the  two  censuses,  see  preceding  table. 


It  will  be  seen  that,  despite  the  decline  in  the 
number  of  sheep,  the  value  of  the  sheep  reported  on 
April  15,  1910,  $232,842,000,  was  36.8  per  cent  greater 
than  the  value  on  June  1,  1900,  $170,203,000.  The 
value  of  goats  and  kids  nearly  doubled  during  the 
decade. 

Divisions  and  states. — -Table  32  (pages  332  and  333) 
shows,  for  each  geographic  division  and  state,  the  num- 
ber and  value  of  sheep  and  goats  at  the  last  two  censuses. 
Table  29  below  shows,  by  geographic  divisions  and 
sections,  the  increase  in  number  during  the  decade, 
the  per  cent  distribution,  and  the  average  number 
per  1,000  acres  of  land  in  farms: 


Table  29 

INCEEASE  IN  NUMBES:  1900  TO  1910  ' 

PEE  CENT  or  TOTAL  NUMBEE  IN  UNITED  STATES. 

AVEEAGE    NUMBEE    PEE    1,000    ACEES    OF 
LAND  IN  FAEMS. 

DrVISION  OE 
SECTION. 

All  sheep. 

Sheep  (exclud- 
ing lambs). 

All  goats. 

All  sheep 
and  goats. 

All  sheep. 

s  . 

"so 
o 

1 

15 

All  goats. 

All  sheep 
and  goats. 

All  sheep. 

i 

01 

i 

All  goats. 

Number. 

Per 

cent. 

Number. 

Per 
cent. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

TTnlted  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic — 
East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

-9,056,852 

-491,886 

-1,480,485 

-1,674,039 

100,726 

-185,362 

73,182 

-260,777 

-4,195,861 

-941,350 

-14.7 
-53.3 
-44.5 
-14.9 

2.0 
-6.9 

3.0 
-10.6 
-15.6 
-14.4 

-208,921 

-256,774 
-709,907 
-365,336 
369,218 
-153,501 
24,103 
-176,673 
1,525,400 
-465,451 

-0.5 

-45.6 

-36.0 

-5.3 

11.7 

-9.0 

1.6 

-9.6 

8.5 

-11.0 

1,044,526 

1,016 

3,376 

9,523 

18,715 

5,812 

-12,005 

544,450 

362.752 

110,887 

55.8 

46.6 
80.2 
37.3 
19.8 
2.8 
-5.7 
74.4 
96.8 
50.0 

100.0 

0.8 
3.3 
17.3 
9.4 
4.9 
4.9 
6.3 
42.5 
10.7 

100.0 

1.5 
5.3 
17.7 
8.0 
4.6 
4.2 
5.0 
43.1 
10.7 

100.0 

0.8 
3.5 
18.2 
9.7 
4.8 
4.8 
4.2 
43.4 
10.7 

100.0 
1.5 
5.4 
18.2 
8.1 
4.4 
3.9 
4.0 
43.8 
10.6 

100.0 

0.8 
3.2 

16.5 
8.9 
3.9 
3.8 
4.2 

49.2 
9.5 

100.0 

i:o 

4.6 
23.5 
12.0 
7.5 
7.7 
4.1 
25.5 
14.2 

100.0 

0.1 
0.3 
1.2 
3.9 
7.2 
6.8 
43.8 
25.3 
11.4 

100.0 

0.1 
0.2 
1.4 
5.1 
11.0 
11.3 
39.1 
20.0 
11.8 

63 

22 
43 
81 
22 
26 
33 
21 
395 
115 

76 

45 
74 
97 
25 
28 
32 
18 
589 
143 

60 

22 
43 
81 
22 
24 
31 
13 
383 
109 

73 
45 
74 
96 
25 
26 
30 
14 
581 
138 

46 

16 
29 
55 
15 
15 
19 
10 
328 
74 

16 

6 
14 
26 

7 

9 
12 

3 
55 
35 

3 

(») 

^\ 

2 

8 
12 
7 

S 

(») 

(*) 
(1) 

(*) 
2 
3 

4 
8 

Pacific 

5 

The  North 

-3,545,684 

-372,957 

-5,137,211 

-17.4 
-4.9 
-15.3 

-962,799 
-300,071 
1,059,949 

-7.6 

-6.1 

4.8 

32,030 
538,257 
473,639 

25.8 
46.9 
79.4 

30.8 
16.1 
53.2 

32.4 
13.8 
53.8 

32.2 
13.7 
54.1 

33.2 
12.3 

54.5 

29.3 
11.9 
58.7 

41.0 
19.3 
39.6 

5.5 
57.8 
36.7 

6.8 
61.4 
31.9 

41 
25 
266 

54 
24 
364 

41 
20 
256 

53 

21 

357 

28 

13 

210 

13 

7 
46 

10 

'% 

The  South 

The  West 

6 

East  of  Mississippi.. 
West  of  Mississippi. 

-3,758,590 
-5,297,262 

-18.3 
-12.9 

-1,461,415 
1,252,494 

-11.6 
4.6 

7,722 
1,036,804 

1.7 
72.9 

31  2 

68.8 

33.2 

66.8 

32.1 
67.9 

33.5 

66.5 

28.2 
71.8 

44.2 
55.8 

15.6 
84.4 

23.9 
76.1 

47 
74 

57 
90 

46 
70 

56 

87 

31 

56 

16 
14 

1 
5 

1 
3 

>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

In  considering  the  geographic  distribution  of  the 
total  number  of  sheep  and  of  goats  reported  for  April 
15,  1910,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that,  owing  to 
differences  in  climatic  conditions,  the  spring  lambs  and 
kids  are  bom  earlier  in  some  sections  than  in  others. 
Greater  significance  attaches  to  the  figures  for  "ma- 
ture "  sheep.  Of  the  sheep  born  before  January  1,1910, 
the  Mountain  division  reported  nearly  one-half  (49.2 
per  cent)  and  the  East  North  Central  division  about 
one-sixth  (16.5  per  cent).  The  North  as  a  whole 
contained  29.3  per  cent,  the  South  11.9  per  cent,  and 
the  West  58.7  per  cent. 

For  reasons  indicated  above  there  were  marked 
differences  in  1910  in  the  ratios  of  lambs  to  ewes  in 
the  several  divisions.  In  the  East  North  Central  di- 
vision the  number  of  lambs  reported  was  equal  to 
54.3  per  cent  of  the  number  of  ewes,  and  in  the  Pacific 
division  to  62.7  per  cent,  whereas  in  the  Mountain 
division  the  ratio  was  only  21.4  per  cent. 

There  are  also  decided  differences  among  the  several 
divisions  with  respect  to  the  ratio  which  the  number 
of  rams  and  wethers  bears  to  the  number  of  ewes,  as 
shown  by  Table  32.  In  some  divisions  most  of  the 
male  animals  are  sold  for  slaughter  at  an  early  age, 
while  in  others  a  large  proportion  are  kept  for  wool. 

The  distribution  of  goats  is  quite  different  from  that 
of  sheep.     The  leading  division  is  the  West  South 


*  Less  than  1  animal  per  1,000  acres  of  land. 

Central,  which  reported  43.8  per  cent  of  the  total  in 
1910.     Very  few  goats  are  found  in  the  North. 

The  average  number  of  sheep  and  goats  combined 
per  1,000  acres  of  land  in  farms  in  the  United  States  as 
a  whole  was  63  on  April  15, 1910,  as  compared  with  76 
on  June  1,  1900.  Of  "mature"  sheep,  the  figures  for 
which  are  more  nearly  comparable,  the  average  num- 
ber per  1,000  acres  was  45  in  1910,  and  48  in  1900. 
In  1910  there  were  in  the  Mountain  division  328  sheep 
bom  before  January  1  per  1,000  acres  of  land  in  farms, 
but  it  should  be  noted  that  many  sheep  in  this  division 
are  kept  on  public  range  land  and  not  on  farms. 

Comparisons  among  the  several  geographic  divi- 
sions with  respect  to  the  increase  or  decrease  between 
1900  and  1910  in  the  total  number  of  sheep  are  much 
less  satisfactory  than  comparisons  based  on  the  num- 
ber of  mature  sheep.  There  was  a  considerable  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  mature  sheep  of  both  sexes 
combined  in  the  Mountain  and  West  North  Central 
divisions,  and  a  small  increase  in  the  East  South  Cen- 
tral division.  As  shown  by  Table  32,  however,  mature 
ewes  decreased  in  the  East  North  Central  division,  while 
rams  and  wethers  decreased  in  the  East  South  Central 
division  and  increased  in  the  East  North  Central.  In 
all  of  the  divisions  except  the  four  above  mentioned 
there  was  a  decrease  in  both  these  classes  during  the 
decade. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND   ELSEWHERE. 


331 


The  following  statement  shows  the  average  value 
per  head  of  sheep  and  goats  at  the  last  two  censuses: 


Table  30 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PEE  HEAD 

DIVISION. 

All  sheep. 

Ewes. 

Rams 
and 

weth- 
ers. 

Lambs 
bom 
after 

Jan.  1. 

All  goats  and 
Tuds. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1910 

1910 

1910 

1900 

TTnited  States... 
New  England 

4.29 
4.85 
4.09 
4.60 
3.61 
3.73 
3.29 
4.90 
4.02 

$2.77 
2.90 
3.24 
2.86 
3.22 
2.51 
2.64 
2.02 
2.73 
2.60 

15.16 

4.99 
5.98 
5.23 
5.67 
4.34 
4.32 
3.70 
5.29 
4.88 

$5.01 
6.53 
5.45 
4.88 
5.69 
3.58 
3.71 
3.92 
5.28 
4.60 

$2.29 

2.35 
2.58 
1.72 
2.14 
2.60 
2.92 
1.82 
2.58 
2.38 

$2.12 

5.77 
5.51 
3.16 
2.87 
1.12 
1.33 
2.13 
2.36 
4.45 

$1.75 

5.38 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central.... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central.... 

4.37 
2.69 
3.44 
0.85 
0.94 
1.44 
2.05 

Pacific 

2.93 

The  average  value  of  all  sheep  per  head  on  April  15, 
1910,  was  $4.44,  as  compared  with  $2.77  on  June  1, 
1900.  These  figures  are  less  significant  than  those  for 
the  "mature"  animals  alone.  The  average  value  of 
ewes  for  the  country  as  a  whole  increased  from  $3,18 
in  1900  to  $5.16  in  1910,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  average  age  of  the  animals  classed  as  ewes 
was  somewhat  lower  in  1910  than  in  1900.  The  aver- 
age value  of  rams  and  wethers  in  1910  was  $5.01,  as 
compared  with  $3.36  in  1900.  The  average  value  of 
all  goats  was  $2.12  in  1910,  as  compared  with  $1.75 
in  1900,  thus  showing  a  much  smaller  increase  than 
the  value  of  sheep.    An  extraordinary  range  appears  in 


the  average  value  of  goats.  In  the  West  South  Central 
division,  which  leads  in  the  total  number  of  goats, 
the  average  value  was  $2.13. 

For  ewes  bom  before  1910  the  average  value  was 
highest  ($5.98  per  head)  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
division,  next 'highest  ($5.67)  in  the  West  North 
Central  division,  and  lowest  ($3.70)  in  the  West  South 
Central  division. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  number  of 
sheep  (excluding  lambs)  at  each  census  from  1880 
to  1910.  The  figures  for  1910,  as  already  explained, 
should  be  reduced,  perhaps  by  3  or  4  per  cent,  in 
order  to  make  them  strictly  comparable  with  the 
returns  for  1900.  It  is  probable  that  some  lambs 
were  included  with  the  sheep  at  the  enumerations 
of  1880  and  1890.  The  returns,  as  given  below, 
would  indicate  a  gradual  though  slight  decrease  in 
the  total  number  of  sheep  (excluding  lambs)  during 
each  decade  since  1880. 


Table  31 

SHEEP  (EXCLUDINO  LAMBS). 

1910 

1900 

1890 

1880 

ITnlted  States 

39,644,046 

306,443 
1,260,455 
6,534,854 
3,524,749 
1,552,698 
1,513,833 
1,662,445 
19,509.675 
3,778,894 

39,852,967 
563,217 
1,970,362 
6,900,190 
3,155,531 
1,706.199 
1,489,730 
1,839,118 

17,984,275 
4,244,345 

140,876,312 

936,532 

3, 196, 495 

9,449,783 

12,882,371 

2,445,386 

2,316,279 

14,710.918 

•9,519,933 

15,418,615 

142,192,074 

1,362,234 
3,608,798 
10,566,266 
13,096,623 
12,579,006 
2,308,290 
14,089,021 
1  7, 097, 442 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central ...     . 

West  South  Central  

Mountain 

Pacific 

1  7, 484, 394 

>  Includes  estimated  number  of  sheep  on  public  ranges. 


ALL  SHEEP  ON  FARMS. 


NUMBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,1910. 


#  200,000  sheep. 

9  150,000  to  200,000  sheep. 

3  100,000  to  150,000  sheep. 

O  60,000  to  100,000  sheep. 

O  Less  than  50,000  sheep. 

The  heavy  lines  (■»)  show  geographic  divisions 


332 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


SHEEP  AND  GOATS  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE  OF  SHEEP,  BY  AGE 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  in  classification.] 


Table  32 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


XTnited  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York , 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana , 

Illinois , 

Michigan 

Wisconsin , 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  SHEEP. 


Number. 


1910 


52,447,861 


1900 


61,603,713 


430,672 
.844,067 
542,234 
065,009 
513,553 
496,221 
193,657 
770,291 
592, 167 


206,434 
43,772 

118,551 
32,708 
6,789 
22,418 

930,300 
30,683 
883,074 

,909,162 
,336,967 
,059,846 
,306,476 
929,783 

637,582 
,145,549 
,811,268 
293,371 
611,264 
293,500 
272,475 

7,806 
237,137 


1, 


804,873 
910,360 
214,473 
37,559 
187,644 
113,701 

363,013 
795,033 
142,930 
195,245 

144,189 

178,287 

62,472 

,808,709 

380,746 
010,478 
397,161 
426,214 
346,984 
226,733 
827,180 
154,795 

475,556 
699,136 
417,477 


922,558 
3,324,542 

11,216,273 
4,964,283 
2,698,915 
2,423,039 
2,454,434 

26,966,152 
6,533,517 


Value. 


1910 


1232,841,585 


190O 


$170,203,119 


1,846,797 

8,934,933 

39,009,830 

23,287,792 

9,085,747 

9,299,829 

7,226,258 

111,656,290 

22, 494, 109 


420,116 
105,113 
296,576 
62,559 
11,207 
36,987 

1,745,746 

47,730 

1,531,066 

4,020,628 
1,742,002 
1,030,581 
2,747,609 
1,675,453 

589,878 
1,056,718 
1,087,213 
681,952 
775,236 
611,273 
262,013 

11,765 
191,101 


692,929 
968,843 
301,941 
71,538 
336,278 
124,520 

1,297,343 
496,011 
317,053 
312,632 

256,929 

219,844 

•88,363 

1,889,298 

6,170,483 
3,121,532 
5,099,613 
2,044,814 
4,899,487 

924,761 
3,818^423 

887,039 

929,873 
3,040,291 
2,563,353 


813,976 
192,346 
538,991 
166,498 
32,637 
112,349 

4,839,651 

161, 138 

3,934,144 

14,941,381 
5,908,496 
4,843,736 
9,646,565 
3,669,652 

2,693,424 
5,748,836 
7,888,878 
1,257,737 
3,002,038 
1,486,948 
1,209,931 

36,898 
1,142,965 


2,679,634 
10,767,037 
32,130,946 
15,980,743 
6,761,269 
6,393,873 
4,970,206 
73,501,804 
17,017,607 


3,300,026 
3,400,901 
559,217 
81,362 
308,212 
256,166 

5,573,998 

3,009,196 

299,919 

416,716 

327,984 

343,046 

253,864 

6,301,364 

29,028,069 
15,897,192 
29,666,228 
6,856,187 
12,072,037 
4,400,514 
8,634,735 
5,101,328 

1,931,170 
12,213,942 
8,348,997 


1,116,483 
309,451 
881,402 
193,596 
41,282 
137,420 

5,921,941 

202,490 

4,642,606 

10,956,308 
5,794,976 
3, 706, 642 
7,162,664 
4,510,356 

1,740,088 
3,956,142 
3,350,846 
1,987,136 
2,434,206 
1,678,498 
833,827 

43,588 
696,531 


2,089,779 
2,664,556 
477,421 
111,770 
438,363 
239,261 

4,191,205 

1,179,424 

488,299 

534,945 

437,317 

333,040 

<  217, 732 

3,982,117 

18,165,404 

8,294,776 
16,310,096 

5,584,897 
10,643,514 

1,901,764 
10,256,488 

2,344,866 

2,450,929 
7,563,447 
7,003,231 


Number. 


1910 


31,933,797 


289,454 
1,057,902 
5,536,905 
3,053,164 
1,345.456 
1,342,911 
1,163,916 
15,262,412 
2,891,677 


143,738 
29,075 
78,996 
20,912 
3,952 
12,781 

568,829 

15,719 

473,364 

2,188,951 
742,676 
583,487 

1,433,263 
588,628 

417,652 
676,687 
1,014,469 
187,249 
412,648 
177,877 
166,582 

3,924 
119,806 


1900 


31,867,652 


527,301 
1,732,622 
6,006,474 
2,669,058 
1,381,330 
1,223,888 
1,215,247 
13,827,002 
3,274,830 


413,273 
499,064 
120,810 

22,368 
105,041 

61, 170 

723,682 
429,902 
80,276 
109,051 

80,285 
100, 494 

41,609 
931,528 

3,251,686 
1,810,944 
3,954,463 
1,111,336 
2,359,565 

752,413 
1,340,595 

681,410 

226,377 
1,447,785 
1,217,515 


240,717 
61,296 

168,292 
30,441 
6,901 
20,656 

938,315 
24,744 
769,463 

2,090,093 
940,387 
548,853 

1,508,503 
918,638 

329,984 
576, 104 
587,767 
340,273 
422,042 
279,073 
133,825 

6,360 
101,006 


Value. 


1910 


9164,855,314 


1,443,342 
6,325,992 
28,966,091 
17,313,989 
6,845,194 
5,795,000 
4,267,001 
80,791,568 
14, 107, 137 


353,549 
497;  247 
164, 105 

40,478 
162,704 

55,881 

647,838 
256,032 
167,830 
162, 188 

130,700 
114,414 
145,959 
924,174 

2,995,795 
1,611,090 
2,498,914 
1,089,680 
2,850,876 

452,271 
1,893,802 

434,574 

459,158 
1,480,282 
1,335,390 


655,661 
148,381 
430,077 
111,  140 
21,601 
76,482 

3,678,912 

93,277 

2,553,803 

10,341,677 
4,400,050 
3,500,963 
7,740,957 
2,982,554 

2,190,295 

4,381,645 

5,707,617 

913,530 

2,304,684 

974,667 

841,651 

19,535 
648,094 


1900 


2,022,836 
2,410,161 
367,950 
51,845 
184,193 
140,590 

3,469,817 

1,897,706 

181,767 

245,710 

211,703 

210,300 

192,834 

3,652,164 

18,690,188 
11,294,338 
22,938,391 
5,465,629 
9,149,625 
3,031,764 
6,709,694 
3,512,039 

1,121,445 
8,070,909 
4,914,783 


$101,288,730 


1,741,887 
6, 490, 238 
20,692,825 
10,268,049 
3,767,442 
3,372,779 
2,589^6 
42, 747, 743 
9,618,141 


709,720 
201,388 
597, 117 
125,357 
22,575 
85,730 

3,729,631 

109,540 

2,651,067 

6,790,239 
3,776,066 
2,341.230 
4,737,021 
3,048,269 

1,205,275 
2,610,908 
2,060,859 
1,193,611 
1,603,327 
1,102,871 
491,198 

22,899 
381,448 


1,135,069 

1,554,696 

276,389 

66,202 

221,603 

109, 136 

2,172,170 
651,780 
259,428 
289,401 

240,681 

185,840 

1  125,588 

2,037,617 

10,105,384 
4,947,388 
9,391,096 
3,417,731 
6,828,816 
1,061,358 
5,695,818 
1,300,152 

1,382,745 
4,188,763 
4,046,633 


>  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


333 


AND  SEX  GROUPS,  AND  OF  GOATS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1910  AND  1900. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration  and  change  In  classification.] 


EAM3  AND  -WETHERS. 

LAMBS. 

ALL  OOATS  AND  KIDS. 

Number. 

Value. 

Number. 

Value. 

Number. 

Value. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

1 

7,710,249 

7,995,315 

(38,660,830 

$26,898,061 

12,803,815 

21,650,746 

$29,326,441 

$42,016,328 

2,916,126 

1,870,599 

$6,176,423 

$3,265,349 

2 

16,989 

35,916 

110,942 

147,519 

124,229 

359,341 

292,513 

790,228 

3,195 

2,179 

18,426 

11,715 

3 

202,553 

237,840 

1,104,926 

925, 126 

583,602 

1,364,180 

1,504,015 

3,351,673 

7,688 

4,212 

41,834 

18,399 

4 

997,949 

893,716 

4,873,680 

3,283,882 

3,007,380 

4,316,083 

5,170,059 

8,154,239 

35,059 

25,636 

110,771 

68,595 

5 

471,585 

486,473 

2,681,105 

2,003,162 

1,540,260 

1,808,752 

3,292,698 

3,709,532 

113,215 

94,500 

324,714 

325, 176 

•6 

207,242 

324,809 

742,315 

755,264 

960,855 

992,716 

2,498,238 

2,238,563 

211, 101 

205,289 

235,758 

173,764 

7 

170,922 

265,842 

633,565 

640,381 

982,388 

933,309 

2,871,264 

2,380,713 

198,647 

210,652 

264,565 

198,543 

8 

508,529 

623,871 

1,994,385 

1,540,070 

531, 212 

616,316 

964,872 

840,510 

1,270,231 

731, 781 

2,719,056 

1,050,654 

9 

4,247,263 

4,157,273 

22,439,895 

14,430,839 

3,260,616 

8,981,877 

8,424,827 

16,323,222 

737,644 

374,892 

1,738,171 

769,636 

10 

887,217 

969,515 

4,080,017 

3,171,818 

1,813,273 

2,289,172 

4,306,955 

4,227,648 

332,445 

221,558 

723,128 

648,967 

11 

6,196 

11,496 

32,643 

42,087 

56,500 

167,903 

125,672 

364,706 

682 

279 

2,177 

1,091 

12 

2,126 

4,023 

12,661 

16,538 

12,671 

39,795 

31,414 

92,626 

496 

208 

3,459 

916 

13 

5,364 

13,875 

41,028 

58,264 

34, 191 

114,409 

67,886 

226,021 

261 

102 

1,033 

444 

14 

1,787 

3,428 

13,898 

16,719 

10,009 

18,690 

31,460 

51,520 

1,251 

1,254 

7,990 

7,188 

15 

254 

728 

1,912 

3,563 

2,683 

4,678 

9,124 

15,164 

106 

23 

982 

131 

16 

1,262 

2,366 

8,910 

11,388 

8,376 

13,966 

26,967 

40,302 

600 

313 

2,785 

1,946 

17 

37,290 

46,201 

281,814 

252,127 

324,181 

761,230 

878,926 

1,940,183 

3,476 

1,316 

21,432 

6,442 

18 

1,076 

1,019 

8,341 

9,384 

13,888 

21,367 

59,520 

83,566 

674 

699 

4,614 

3,006 

19 

164,187 

190,020 

814,771 

663,616 

245,633 

671,583 

566,570 

1,327,924 

3,539 

2,197 

15,788 

8,951 

20 

701,212 

658,157 

3,074,671 

1,795,218 

1,018,999 

1,372,378 

1,525,233 

2,370,851 

5,379 

5,432 

17,843 

15,975 

21 

69,851 

70,261 

435,658 

337,709 

624,540 

731,354 

1,072,788 

1,681,201 

7,290 

4,484 

20,905 

8,920 

22 

74,997 

80,297 

463,735 

376,616 

401,362 

401,431 

879,048 

989,897 

12,436 

8,877 

38,564 

19,932 

23 

111,978 

117,427 

679,784 

490,322 

761,236 

1,121,679 

1,225,824 

1,936,321 

6,080 

2,861 

14, 192 

10,008 

24 

39,911 

67,574 

219,932 

285,118 

301,244 

689,241 

467,166 

1,176,969 

4,876 

3,882 

19,267 

12,760 

25 

34,419 

29,344 

193,642 

124,256 

185,511 

230,560 

309,487 

410,557 

4,688 

3,821 

18,480 

12,908 

26 

93,230 

81,764 

587,375 

399,619 

375,632 

398,850 

779,916 

945,615 

20,664 

41,468 

64,239 

146,708 

27 

101,720 

75,946 

694,295 

290,638 

695,079 

423,610 

1,686,966 

999,349 

72,416 

24,487 

187,409 

64,786 

28 

54,143 

111,164 

244,907 

412,119 

51,979 

230,515 

99,300 

381,406 

1,074 

1,122 

5,618 

5,308 

29 

88,393 

86,296 

473,063 

355,828 

110,223 

267,898 

224,291 

475,051 

2,337 

2,915 

11,422 

15,050 

30 

62,239 

66,877 

380,679 

245,269 

63,384 

175,323 

131,602 

330,358 

3,290 

2,399 

11,945 

9,126 

31 

37,441 

46,082 

207,144 

175,433 

68,452 

82,106 

161,136 

167,196 

8,847 

18,288 

25,601 

71,290 

32 

491 

604 

2,698 

3,610 

3,391 

4,801 

14,665 

18,079 

88 

143 

328 

619 

33 
34 
36 

6,446 

10,514 

38,791 

46,835 

110,886 

79,681 

466,080 

268,248 

1,182 

1,179 

9 

5,306 

6,116 

4,023 
39 

26,446 

38,576 

154,771 

136,929 

366,154 

300,804 

1,122,419 

817,781 

7,327 

28,286 

10,002 

36 

67,888 

75,492 

314,500 

242,289 

343,408 

396, 104 

676,260 

867,571 

5,748 

847 

20,682 

2,123 

37 

19,260 

44,707 

53,509 

76,109 

74,403 

93,129 

137,758 

124,923 

35,019 

42,901 

43,039 

37,997 

38 

5,558 

11,958 

12,694 

20,203 

9,633 

19,102 

16,923 

25,365 

24,750 

26,576 

27,728 

24,450 

39 

48,209 

96,190 

82,959 

132,597 

34,394 

77,384 

41,060 

84,163 

89,616 

84,624 

70,059 

61,972 

40 

33,945 

46,828 

82,493 

97,692 

18,686 

21,811 

33,083 

32,433 

47,371 

43,705 

40,521 

32,639 

41 

54,472 

68,320 

276,356 

239,384 

684,859 

581,185 

1,827,826 

1,779,651 

29,869 

11,967 

61,665 

19,763 

43 

40,435 

61,772 

186,379 

137,901 

324,696 

188,207 

925,111 

389,743 

43,560 

25,884 

82,666 

38,938 

43 

28,836 

71,468 

64,959 

124, 718 

33,818 

87,755 

53,193 

104,153 

79,347 

117,413 

76,361 

94,258 

44 

47,179 

74,282 

105,872 

138,378 

39,015 

76,162 

65,134 

107, 166 

45,871 

55,388 

43,873 

45,594 

4S 

16,232 

38,061 

41,478 

73,128 

47,672 

88,168 

74,803 

123,608 

58,294 

51,839 

84,938 

58,788 

46 

38,814 

54,820 

84,321 

97,454 

38,979 

50,610 

48,425 

49,746 

57,102 

38,308 

57,354 

35,697 

47 

7,287 

115,224 

31,682 

145,761 

13,576 

127,180 

29,348 

146,383 

25,591 

114,301 

62,687 

132,392 

48 

446,196 

515,766 

1,836,904 

1,323,727 

430,985 

449,358 

812,296 

620,873 

1,135,244 

627,333 

2,514,077 

923,777 

49 

1,708,149 

1,219,419 

9,347,063 

4,253,491 

420,911 

1,955,269 

990,818 

3,806,529 

5,045 

1,713 

22,416 

7,870 

50 

299,386 

354,377 

1,898,361 

1,193,622 

900,148 

1,156,065 

2,704,493 

2,153,766 

5,719 

4,481 

36,697 

20,167 

51 

872,102 

828,271 

5,193,297 

3,317,543 

570,596 

1,772,428 

1,534,540 

3,601,457 

2,739 

2,666 

16,128 

11,884 

52 

194,260 

263, 143 

1,089,087 

1,022,872 

120,618 

691,991 

301,471 

1,144,294 

31,611 

37,433 

80,644 

73, 141 

53 

535,419 

482,867 

2,107,914 

1,444,135 

452,000 

1,565,744 

814,498 

2,370,563 

412,050 

224,136 

939,702 

472,961 

54 

164,187 

216, 187 

635,520 

491,578 

310,133 

256,303 

733,230 

348,828 

246,617 

98,403 

555,327 

167, 863 

55 

330,295 

659,332 

1,502,373 

2,241,804 

156,290 

1,265,289 

422,768 

2,318,866 

29,014 

1,427 

75,547 

2,702 

66 

143,465 

133,677 

666,280 

465,794 

329,920 

318,788 

923,009 

578,919 

4,849 

4,633 

11,710 

12,948 

67 

68,887 

98,864 

331,798 

339,544 

180,291 

371,851 

477,927 

728,640 

8,621 

2,876 

31,662 

10, 757 

68 

510,557 

481,073 

2,421,520 

1,455,064 

740,793 

1,078,936 

1,721,513 

1,919,620 

185,411 

109,661 

370,637 

375,229 

69 

307,773 

389,578 

1,326,699 

1,377,210 

892,189 

838,386 

2,107,515 

1,579,388 

138,413 

109,021 

320,829 

262, 981 

334 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


POULTRY  ON  FARMS. 


The  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration  from  June  1, 
at  the  census  of  1900,  to  April  15,  at  the  census  of 
1910,  should  have  no  very  material  effect  upon  the 
comparability  of  the  statistics  of  poultry,  for  the 
reason  that  according  to  the  schedules  used  at  both 


censuses  only  fowls  3  months  of  age  or  over  were 
to  be  reported. 

The  following  table  shows  for  1910  and  1900.  the 
principal  facts  with  regard  to  each  class  of  fowls  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole : 


Table  SS 

All  fowls. 

Chickens. 

Turkeys. 

Ducks. 

Geese. 

Guinea  fowls. 

Pigeons. 

Peafowls. 

Ostriches. 

1110— Number 

295,880,190 

$154,663,220 

$0.52 

5,585,032 

87.8 

250,624,038 

280,345,133 

$140,205,607 

$0.50 

5,578,525 

87.7 

233,566,021 

3,688,708 

$6,605,818 

$1.79 

871,123 

13.7 

6,594,695 

2,906,525 

$1,567,164 

$0.54 

503, 704 

7.9 

4,785,850 

4,431,980 

$3,194,507 

$0.72 

662,324 

10.4 

5,676,788 

1,765,031 

$613,282 

$0.35 

339,538 

5.3 

(2) 

2,730,994 

$762,374 

$0.28 

109,407 

1.7 

6,458 
$18,328 
$2.84 
1,807 
(') 

(') 

5,361 

Value   

$1,696,140 

$316. 39 

2» 

(') 

1900— Number 

684 

I  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


» Included  with  cliickens. 


» Not  reported. 


The  total  number  of  all  fowls  reported  at  the  census 
of  1910  was  295,880,000,  of  which  280,345,000,  or 
94.7  per  cent,  consisted  of  chickens.  The  number  of 
fowls  reported  in  1900  was  250,624,000.  Excluding 
pigeons  and  peafowls,  which  were  not  reported  in 
1900,  there  was  an  increase  between  1900  and  1910  of 
42,519,000,  or  17  per  cent.  The  increase  was  wholly 
confined  to  chickens,  as  there  was  a  marked  decrease 
in  turkeys,  ducks,  and  geese.  The  total  value  of  all 
fowls  in  1910  was  $154,663,000,  or  an  average  of  52 


cents  per  fowl,  while  the  total  value  in  1900  was 
$85,808,000,  or  an  average  of  34  cents  per  fowl,  the 
average  value  having  thus  increased  52.9  per  cent. 
The  average  values  of  the  separate  classes  of  poultry 
were  not  reported  in  1900. 

The  following  table  gives,  for  each  geographic 
division  and  section,  statistics  as  to  the  number  and 
value  of  the  different  kinds  of  fowls  reported.  It  shows 
also  what  percentage  of  the  total  number  was  found  in 
each  division. 


Table  34 


DmSION  Oa  SECTION. 


TTnited  states.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central. . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

TheNorth 

The  South. 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


Number. 


1910 


280,345, 

6,841, 
24,449, 
69,471, 
85,192. 
25,627: 
24,495! 
29, 176: 
5,467: 
9,623 


133 

918 
500 
413 
651 
003 
054 
294 
343 
,957 


185,955,482 
79,298,351 
15,091,300 


150,884,888 
129,460,245 


19001 


666,021 

440,678 
511,436 
104, 189 
364,879 
293,912 
965,751 
333,880 
116,639 
434,657 


151,421,182 
72,593,543 
9,551,296 


131.315,966 
102,250,055 


Per  ct. 
of  in- 
crease. 


20.0 

6.2 

13.7 

19.6 

30.3 

15.0 

6.7 

6.7 

75.4 

49.6 


22.8 
9.2 
58.0 


14.9 
26.6 


Value. 


1910 


$140,205,607 

4,975,551 
16,346,161 
36,609,410 
41,207,295 
11,894,700 
10,272,636 
10,393,418 
3,005,103 
5,501,333 


99,138,417 
32,560,754 
8,506,436 


80,098,458 
60,107,149 


Number. 


1910 


3,688,708 

24,255 
252,546 
701,342 
833,472 
526,518 
483,741 
620,791 

86,703 
159,340 


1,811,615 

1,631,050 

246,043 


1,988,402 
1,700,306 


1900 


6,594,695 

46,851 

483,081 

1,501,307 

1,571,149 

810,975 

792,170 

1,084,212 

81,408 

223,542 


3,602,388 

2,687,357 

304,950 


3,634,384 
2,960,311 


Per  ct. 
of  in- 
crease.* 


-44.1 

-48.2 
-47.7 
-53.3 
-47.0 
-35.1 
-38.9 
-42.7 
6.5 
-28.7 


-49.7 
-39.3 
-19.3 


-45.3 
-42.6 


Value. 


1910 


$6,605,818 

74,725 
628, 191 
1,330,198 
1,563,291 
906,226 
792,289 
771,598 
183,042 
356,258 


3,596,405 

2,470,113 

539,300 


3,731,629 
2,874,189 


Number. 


1910 


2,906,525 

51,929 
369, 706 
545,672 
809,620 
330,054 
344,453 
348,852 
42,242 
63,997 


1,776,927 

1,023,359 

106,239 


1,641,814 
1,264,711 


1900 


4,785,850 

91,421 

362, 159 

1,018,726 

1,397,601 

458,918 

559, 111 

697,937 

51,477 

148,500 


2,869,907 

1,715,966 

199,977 


2,490,335 
2,295,515 


Per  Ct. 
of  in- 
crease.* 


-39.3 
-43.2 
2.1 
-46.4 
-42.1 
-28.1 
-38.4 
-50.0 
-17.9 
-56.9 


-38.1 
-40.4 
-46.9 


-34.1 
-44.9 


Value. 


1910 


$1,567,164 
51,014 
295,835 
319,815 
411,787 
151,377 
129,862 
127,488 
32,407 
47,679 


1,078,451 

408,727 

79,986 


947,903 
619,261 


DIVISION  OR  SECTION. 


TTnited  Statas 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

TheNorth 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi . . 
West  of  the  Mississippi. . 


Number. 


1910 


4,431, 

27, 

84, 

638, 

961, 

679, 

1,145, 

824, 

26, 

43, 


1,711,951 

2,649,921 

70,108 


2,576,707 
1,855,273 


1900 


,676,788 

27,296 
117,231 
933,817 
965,209 
908,908 
,534,894 
,054,270 
15,676 
119,487 


2,043,553 

3,498,072 

135, 163 


3,522,146 
2,154,642 


Per  ct 
of  in- 
crease.' 


-21.9 

-0.3 
-27.7 
-31.6 
-0.4 
-25.2 
-25.3 
-21.8 
71.9 
-63.9 


-16.2 
-24.2 
-48.1 


-26.8 
-13.9 


Value. 


1910 


$3,194,507 

57,553 
140,328 
656,291 
862,561 
402, 756 
548,150 
425,262 
45,451 
56,155 


1,716,733 

1,376,168 

101,606 


1,805,078 
1,389,429 


GXnNEA  FOWLS.' 


Number, 


1910 


1,765,031 

37,852 
166, 729 
232,312 
223,998 
413,032 
342,026 
333,408 
8,383 
7,291 


Value. 


1910 


$613,282 

25,865 
81,501 
77, 197 
75,129 
143,165 
104, 202 
95,7151 
5,247j 
5,261! 


259,692 

343,082: 

10,508: 

431,930- 
181,352: 


Nmnber. 


1910 


1,514,070 
1,216,918 


Value. 


1910 


$762,374 

53,468 
281,768 
76,744 
103,051 
91,279 
23,013 
31,501 
19,536 
82,014 


515,031 
145, 793 
101,550 


526, 272 
236, 102 


Num- 
ber. 


1910 


6,458 

29 

351 

574 

1,210 

1,175 

1,416 

1,120 

220 

363 


2,164 

3,711 

583 


3,545 
2,913 


Value. 


1910 


$18,328 

285 
1,601 
1,343 
3,254 
2,704 
3,046 
3,149 
1,177 
1,769 


6,483 
8,c09 
2,946 


8,979 
9,349 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAL  NUMBER  IN  tJNITED  STATES. 


All  fowls. 


1910 


65.5 

29.2 

5.4 


54.0 
46.0 


I  Includes  guinea  fowls. 


1900 


63.8 

32.1 

4.1 


56.2 
43.8 


Chickens 

and  guinea 

fowls, 


1910 


66.1 

28.5 

5.4 


53.9 
46.1 


1900 


100.1 

2.1 


64.8 
31.1 
4.1 


56.2 
43.8 


Turkeys. 


1910  1900 


0100.0 

7  0. 

8  7.3 
O]  22.8 
61  23.8 
3|  12.3 

12.0 

16.4 

1.2 

3.4 


49.1 
44.2 
6.7 


64.6 
40.8 
4. 


53.9   55.1 
46.1    44.9 


Ducks. 


1910 


100.0 

1.8 
12. 
18.8 
27.9 
11.4 
11.9 
12.0 
1.5 
2.2 


61.1 
35.2 
3.7 


56.5 
43.5 


1900 


Geese. 


1910 


100.0100.0 


1.9 

7.6 

21.3 

29.2 

9.6 

11.7 

14.6 

1.1 

3.1 


60.0 
35.9 
4.2 

52.0 
48.0 


1900 


100.0 
0.5 
2.1 
16.4 
17.0 
16.0 
27.0 
18.6 
0.3 
2.1 

36.0 
61.6 
2.4 

62.0 
38.0 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


3  Included  with  chickens  in  1900. 


Not  reported  in  1900. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON  FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


335 


It  win  be  seen  that  in  1910  the  West  North  Central 
division  reported  30  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of 
fowls  in  the  country.  The  East  North  Central  divi- 
sion ranked  next  with  24.3  per  cent,  and  the  West  South 
Central  next  with  10.6  per  cent.  There  has  been  no 
marked  change  in  the  distribution  of  fowls  since  1900. 
The  distribution  of  the  number  of  chickens  and  guinea 
fowls  naturally  corresponds  more  or  less  closely  with 
that  of  all  fowls,  but  the  distribution  of  turkeys,  ducks, 
and  geese  is  somewhat  different. 

The  absolute  increase  in  number  of  chickens  between 
1900  and  1910  was  greatest  in  the  West  North  Central 
division,  but  the  percentage  of  increase  was  not  so  high 
in  that  division  as  in  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  divi- 
sions. The  two  South  Central  divisions  show  relatively 
low  percentages  of  increase  in  the  number  of  chickens. 
In  nearly  every  division  the  number  of  turkeys,  of 
ducks,  and  of  geese  fell  off. 

Table  35  in  .the  next  column  shows  the  average 
value  of  fowls  on  farms.  In  the  case  of  chickens, 
turkeys,  and  ducks  the  average  values  in  1910  were 
lowest  in  the  West  South  Central  division  and  highest 
in  New  England.     New  England  also  shows  the  highest 


average  for  geese,  while  the  lowest  is  that  for  the  East 
South  Central  division.  The  average  value  of  fowls 
of  all  classes  combined  shows  a  marked  increase  from 
1900  to  1910  in  every  division. 


Table  35 


United  Statei.. 

New  Engiand ■. . 

Middle  AtlanUc 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


AVERAGE 

VALUE  or 

ALL 
JOWLS. 


1910  1900 


10.62 

0.74 
0.68 
0.54 
0.50 
0.49 
0.44 
0.38 
0.82 
0.62 


$0.34 

0.55 
0.45 
0.34 
0.33 
0.35 
0.31 
0.25 
0.42 
0.45 


AVESAOB  valve:  1910 


$0.50 

0.73 
0.G7 
0.53 
0.48 
0.46 
0.42 
0.36 
0.55 
0.57 


tl.79 

3.08 

2.49 

1.90 

1. 

1.72 

1.64 

1.24 

2.11 

2.24 


$0.54 

0.98 
0.80 
0.59 
0.51 
0.46 
0.38 
0.37 
0.77 
0.74 


o 


$0.28 

0.50 
0.41 
0.22 
0.16 
0.33 
0.22 
0.16 
0.27 
0.29 


$316. 3» 


427.17 


393.08 
338.88 
211.96 


Table  36  (page  336)  shows,  for  each  geographic  divi- 
sion and  state,  the  number  and  value  of  all  fowls 
on  farms  at  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900,  together 
with  the  number  of  chickens  and  guinea  fowls  com- 
bined and  the  number  of  turkeys,  ducks,  and  geese 
combined. 


Alili  FOWLS  ON  FARMS. 

NUMBER,  BY  STATES:  APRIL  15,  1910. 


336  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

POULTRY  AND  BEES  ON  FARMS— NUMBER  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES;  1910  AND  1900. 


Table  36 

DIVISION  OR   8TATK. 


TTnltedSUtes... 
OEOOiurHic  DiviaoNs: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nokth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ALL  FOWLS.! 


Number. 


Value. 


1910 


8M,  880,190 


7,078,636 
26,004,625 
71,941,382 
88,684,488 
27,858,263 
26,918,569 
31,501,899 

5,708,606 
10,183,722 


1,735,962 
924,859 
938,524 

1,798,380 
415,209 

1,265,702 

10,678,836 
2,597,448 
12,728,341 

17,342,289 
13,789,109 
21,409,835 
9,967,039 
9,433,110 

10,607,075 
23,482,880 
20,897,208 
3,268,109 
5,251,348 
9,351,830 
15,736,038 

876,081 
2,908,958 
8,349 
6,099,581 
3,310,155 
5,053,870 
2,946,414 
5,328,584 
1,326,271 

8,764,204 
8,056,145 
5,028,104 
5,070,116 

5,788,570 
3,542,447 
8,501,237 
13,669,645 


1,053,876 
341,050 

1,721,445 
531,625 
268,762 
691,941 
133,217 

2,272,775 
1,823,680 
6,087,267 


1900 


250,(84,038 


6,606,246 
22,473,907 
61,558,039 
69,298,838 
24,472,713 
25,851,926 
30,170,335 
3,265,650 
6,926,384 


1,585,564 
877,939 
843,163 

1,680,693 
520,514 

1,098,373 

9,352,412 
2,076,514 
11,044,981 

15,018,352 
11,949,821 
17,737,262 
8,405,060 
8,447,544 

8,142,693 
20,043,343 
16,076,713 
1,489,380 
3,178,285 
7,812,239 
12,556,185 

665,282 
2,305,645 
8,293 
5,041,470 
3,053,071 
4,379,961 
2,908,319 
4,926,452 
1,184,220 

7,855,468 
6,971,737 
5,186,536 
5,838,185 

6,092,876 

4,299,479 

'4,916,598 

14,861,382 

556,679 
540,009 
149,564 
1,017,120 
163,015 
174,972 
556,753 
107,538 

1,356,715 
1,373,203 
4,196,466 


1910 


81l>4,663,220 


5,238,461 
17,775,385 
39,070,998 
44,226,368 
13,631,607 
11,873,198 
11,910,631 
4,656,963 
6,279,709 


1,131,921 
649,121 

607,787 

1,492,961 

368,018 

988,653 

7,879,388 
2,221,610 
7,674,387 

9,532,672 
7,762,015 
11,696,650 
5,610,958 
4,468,703 

4,646,960 
12,269,881 
11,870,972 
1,485,463 
2,356,465 
4,219,158 
7,377,469 

560,146 
1,858,570 
6,477 
3,395,962 
1,628,700 
2,212,570 
1,206,615 
2,088,653 

673,814 

4,461,871 
3,757,337 
1,807,239 
1,846,751 

2,063,432 
1,326,614 
3,713,943 
4,806,642 

628,436 
598,190 
194,078 

1,012,251 
256,466 

1,545,966 
327,908 
93,668 

1,367,440 
1,067,743 
3,844,526 


1900 


185,807,818 


3,611,668 
10,095,094 
20,819,906 
22,596,723 
8,545,899 
8,063,673 
7,612,990 
1,362,014 
3,099,851 


756,153 
467,104 
421,195 
1,018,119 
305,047 
644,050 

4,310,755 
1,300,853 
4,483,486 

5,085,921 
4,222,409 
6,415,033 
2,685,829 
2,410.714 

2,274,649 

6,535,464 

5,720,359 

477,358 

856,966 

1*2,374,930 

4,356,997 

367,475 

1,158,020 

3,108 

1,886,768 

963,805 
1,434,158 

889,953 
1,458,055 

394,557 

2,723,221 
2,275,864 
1,409,269 
1,655,319 

1,540,006 

1,057,889 

>  1,416,127 

3,598,968 

296,806 
203,127 

60,397 
393,219 

62,419 
103,298 
186,922 

55,826 

614,838 

682,524 

1,902,489 


chickens  and  GtnNEA 

FOWLS. 


Number. 


1910 


1900 


282,110,164  233,566,021 


6,879,770 
24,616,229 
69,703,725 
85,416,649 
26,040,035 
24,837,080 
29,509,702 
5,475,726 
9,631,248 


1,718,240 
907,807 
915,526 

1,716,436 
396,981 

1,225,781 

10,265,939 
2,342,451 
12,007,839 

16,904,166 
13,273,585 
20,647,947 
9,724,713 
9,153,314 

10,304,776 
22,730,118 
19,992,410 
3,097,692 
4,936,814 
9,033,353 
15,321,486 

798,345 
2,702,403 
7,433 
5,738,011 
3,121,066 
4,643,447 
2,778,122 
4,991,612 
1,259,607 

8,047,178 
7,410,314 
4,708,474 
4,671,114 

5,234,957 
3,291,128 
8,093,918 
12,889,699 

923,173 
1,013,401 
325,365 
1,648,246 
511,845 
253,118 
673,911 
126,667 

2,205,934 
1,756,340 
5,668,974 


6,440,678 
21,511,436 
68, 104, 189 
65,364,879 
22,293,912 
22,965,751 
27,333,880 
3,116,639 
6,434,657 


1,564,853 
870,461 
806,451 

1,625,269 
500,618 

1,073,026 

8,964,736 

1,993,594 

10,553,106 

14,269,525 
11,103,006 
16,600,728 
8,033,531 
8,097,399 

7,730,940 
18,907,673 
14,903,601 
1,409,285 
3,028,700 
7,417,837 
11,966,843 

628,866 
2,113,544 
8,004 
4,590,311 
2,759,585 
3,871,858 
2,664,784 
4,549,144 
1,107,816 

6,849,079 
6,184,210 
4,737,606 
5,194,856 

5,393,157 

3,890,563 

»  4, 487, 858 

13,562,302 

531, 774 
616,412 
142, 136 
968, 761 
156,853 
165,200 
534,842 
100,661 

1,196,639 
1,290,818 
3,947,200 


TURKEYS,  DUCKS, 
AND  GEESE. 


Number. 


1910 


1900 


11,027,213 


103,386 

707,049 

1,885,921 

2,604,137 

1,536,444 

1,974,123 

1, 793, 763 

155,891 

266,499 


13,280 
6,959 

18,759 

38,111 
8,353 

17,924 

300,756 
69,254 
347,040 

382,328 
463,364 
617,469 
202,778 
219,982 

346,765 
564,669 
832,570 
132,015 
199,527 
214,016 
314,675 

23,082 
134,098 
196 
321,930 
181,300 
384,000 
139, 713 
293,480 

58,645 

686,930 
627,493 
286,233 
373,467 

537,028 
226,258 
346,904 
683,573 

31,731 
32,016 
11,002 
43, 135 
10,780 

8,023 
14,716 

4,488 

44,086 
51,665 
170,858 


17,057,333 


165,568 

962,471 

3,453,860 

3,933,959 

2,178,801 

2,886,176 

2,836,419 

148,561 

491,529 


iSd^tad^L'VTrriS'"'''''^'"'^'"'''''*"'*"^^^^ 


20,711 
7,478 
36,712 
55,424 
19,896 
25,347 

387,676 
82,920 
491,875 

748,827 
846,815 
1,136,634 
371,529 
350,145 

411,753 

1,135,670 

1,173,112 

80,095 

149,585 

394,402 

689,342 

36,416 
192, 101 
289 
451,159 
293,486 
508,103 
243,635 
377,308 

76,404 

1,006,389 
787,527 
448,930 
643,329 

699,719 

408,916 

«  428, 740 

1,299,044 

24,905 
23,597 

7,428 
48,359 

6,162 

9,322 
21,911 

6,877 

160,076 
82,385 
249,068 


COLONIES  OF  BEES. 


Number. 


1910        1900 


3,445,006 


40,627 
291,669 
545,938 
646,693 
678,439 
506,962 
379,842 
172,654 
282,192 


7,592 
4,644 
10,215 
7,464 
1,267 
9,445 

156,360 
10,484 
124,815 

98,242 
80,938 
166,846 
116,274 
95,638 

66,677 
160,025 
203,569 
495 
6,565 
45,625 
73,737 

6,410 
23,166 
151 
104,006 
110,673 
189,178 
75,422 
130,549 
38,895 

152,991 
144,481 
135,140 
74,360 

92,731 

29,691 

19,413 

238,107 

6,313 
21,903 

4,596 
71,434 
10,052 
23,770 
26,185 

8,401 

33,884 
47,285 
201,023 


4,108,239 


60,713 
362,996 
654,979 
632,877 
854,909 
730,234 
559, 150 
146,482 
216,899 


10,867 
6,620 

12,836 
8,381 
1,681 

11,43*8 

187,208 

14, 118 

161,670 

151,391 
117, 148 
179,953 
100,397 
106,090 

45,877 
138,811 
205,110 
279 
2,063 
52,143 
88,594 

10,187 
28,013 

59 
139,064 
111,417 
244,539 

93,958 
187,919 

39, 763 

203,820 
225,788 
205,369 
96,257 

111,138 

35,231 

» 20, 137 

392,644 

1,801 
19,240 

1,020 
59, 756 

6,164 
18,991 
33,818 

5,692 

30,870 
55,686 
129,444 


Value. 


1910 


810,373,615 


195,959 
1,166,587 
1,800,931 
1,729,683 
1,574,577 
1,117,145 
997,825 
784,066 
1,006,862 


40,367 
23,693 
44,349 
39,683 
6,138 
41,839 

646,848 
41,560 
478,179 

275,726 
230,478 
487,733 
446,464 
360,630 

221,781 
517,329 
584,549 
3,086 
31,650 
152,676 
218,612 

13,609 
61,603 
790 
302,623 
388,937 
386,683 
134,622 
187,242 
98,468 

419,379 
340,619 
212,921 
144,226 

200,040 
58,188 
64,261 

675,327 

32,112 
100,148 

20,493 
308,608 

46,300 
104,374 
123,568 

48,453 

126,895 
150,164 
729,793 


810,178,087 


Pigeons  and  peafowls  not  enumerated  prior  to  1910. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


337 


BEES  ON  FABMS. 


The  number  of  colonies  of  bees  and  their  value  at 
the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900  are  shown,  by  divisions 
and  states,  in  Table  36  (page  336)  in  connection  with  the 
statistics  for  poultry.  In  the  United  States  as  a  whole 
there  were  reported  3,445,000  colonies  of  bees  on  farms 
in  1910,  as  compared  with  4,108,000  in  1900,  a  decrease 
of  663,000  colonies,  or  16.1  per  cent.  There  was,  how- 
ever, a  slight  increase  in  the  total  value.  The  average 
value  per  colony  increased  from  $2.48  to  $3.01.  The 
number  of  farms  reporting  bees  also  decreased  mate- 
rially, being  586,000  in  1910  as  against  707,000  in 
1900.  Such  farms  represented  9.2  per  cent  of  the 
total  number  of  farms  in  1910,  as  compared  with  12.3 
per  cent  in  1900.  The  average  number  of  colonies  per 
farm  reporting  was  5.9  in  1910,  or  practically  the  same 
as  in  1900. 

Table  37  shows  the  percentage  of  the  total  number 
of  colonies  of  bees  in  each  geographic  division  and  the 
average  value  per  colony. 

The  South  Atlantic  division  reported  in  1910  almost 
one-fifth  of  the  entire  number  of  colonies  of  bees 
in  the  United  States,  a  larger  proportion  than  any 
other  geographic  division.     The  other  divisions  which 


rank  relatively  high  in  bee  culture  are  the  West  North 
Central,  East  North  Central,  East  South  Central, 
and  West  South  Central,  in  the  order  named.  The 
Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions,  however,  reported  a 
decidedly  larger  proportion  of  the  total  number  of 
colonies  in  1910  than  in  1900.  The  average  value  per 
colony  in  1910  ranged  from  $4.82  in  the  New  England 
division  and  $4.54  in  the  Mountain  division  to  $2.20 
in  the  East  South  Central  division;  in  every  division 
it  was  higher  in  1910  than  in  1900,  the  change  being 
most  marked  in  the  Mountain  and  Middle  Atlantic 
divisions. 


Table  37 

DIVISION. 

PEE   CENT    OF 
TOTAL  COLONIES. 

AVERAGE  VALUE 
PEE  COLONY. 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

United  States 

100.0 
1.2 
8.5 
15  8 
15.9 
19.7 
14.7 
11.0 
6.0 
8.2 

100.0 

1.2 
8.8 
15.9 
13.0 
20.8 
17.8 
13.6 
3.6 
5.3 

•3.01 

j          4.82 
4.00 
3.30 
3.16 
2.32 
2.20 
2.63 
4.54 
3.57 

12.48 

4.07 

Middle  A tlati tic 

3  21 

East  North  Central 

2^90 

West  North  Central 

3  02 

South  Atlantic 

L95 

East  South  C«ntral 

2  00 

West  South  Central 

1  88 

Montit^tln 

3.36 
2.92 

Pacific 

DOMESTIC  AlflMAIS  NOT  ON  FARMS. 


In  compliance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Census  act  the  Census  Bureau  collects  statis- 
tics of  domestic  animals,  not  only  on  farms,  but  also 
in  barns  and  inclosures  not  on  farms — in  cities  and 
villages  and  elsewhere.  Animals  not  on  farms  con- 
sist mainly  of  those  kept  more  or  less  permanently, 
such  as  draft  animals  and  dairy  cows,  but  they  also 
include  considerable  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and 
swine  which  are  temporarily  held  in  cities  and  villages 
pending  slaughter  or  sale.  The  statistics  for  the  sev- 
eral classes  are  not  subdivided  according  to  age  groups 
in  this  bulletin.  It  may  be  stated,  however,  that  a 
relatively  larger  proportion  of  the  animals  not  on 
farms  are  of  adult  age  than  in  the  case  of  those  on 
farms,  and  for  this  reason  comparison  between  the 
censuses  of  1900  and  1910,  with  reference  to  the  total 
number  of  animals  of  each  kind,  is  less  seriously 
affected  by  the  change  in  the  date  of  enumeration 
than  in  the  case  of  animals  on  farms. 

Table  38  (pages  338  and  339)  shows,  by  geographic 
divisions  and  states,  the  number  of  domestic  animals 
not  on  farms  at  the  censuses  of  1910  and  1900  and  their 
value  at  the  census  of  1910  only,  statistics  of  value 
for  such  animals  not  having  been  collected  in  1900. 

As  might  be  expected,  draft  animals  are  relatively 

much  more  important  in  cities  and  villages  than  other 

domestic  animals.     Of  the  total  value  of  domestic 

animals  not  on  farms  in  1910,  $463,280,000,  or  nearly 

72497°— 13 22  + 


seven-eighths,  represents  the  value  of  horses,  mules, 
and  asses  and  burros.  All  cattle,  with  a  value  of 
$60,816,000,  made  up  the  larger  part  of  the  remainder. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  in  each  of  the  four  geo- 
graphic divisions  constituting  the  North  there  was 
a  decUne  between  1900  and  1910  in  the  number  of 
cattle  not  on  farms,  while  in  each  of  the  five  geo- 
graphic divisions  constituting  the  South  and  West 
there  was  an  increase.  The  same  statement  holds 
true  with  regard  to  horses,  except  that  a  slight  in- 
crease took  place  in  the  number  of  horses  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division. 

Differences  in  the  ratio  which  urban  population 
bears  to  rural  population  and  differences  in  the  rate  of 
growth  in  urban  population  among  the  different  divi- 
sions of  the  country  doubtless  have  something  to  do 
with  the  differences  among  them  in  the  rate  of  increase 
of  cattle  and  of  horses  not  on  farms.  In  the  country 
as  a  whole  urban  population  (that  is,  that  in  cities 
and  villages  of  2,500  or  more  inhabitants)  increased 
more  than  three  times  as  fast  as  rural  population 
between  1900  and  1910.  It  should  be  noted,  however, 
that  in  many  of  the  larger  cities  increasing  stringency 
of  sanitary  regulations  has  tended  to  reduce  the  number 
of  cattle  kept  for  dairy  purposes,  and  also  that  in  the 
larger  cities  the  increased  use  of  automobiles  has  tended 
to  reduce  the  number  of  horses  and  other  draft 
animals. 


338 


ABSTIUCT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  NOT  ON  FARMS— VALUE  OF  DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  NOT  ON  FARMS,  BY 
[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration.] 


Table  38 

DIVISION  OB  STATE. 


TTnlted  Statoi. 


Oboorafhic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PACmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

CaUfomla 


VALUE  of 

ALL  DOMESTIC 
AinUALS 

1910 


9536,361,526 


40,439,958 
121,903,902 
105,497,651 
84,646,348 
45,348,963 
33,796,963 
51,212,264 
22,162,408 
31,353,069 


4,796,026 
2,584,475 
2,581,230 
20,482,394 
3,372,254 
6,623,579 

63,722,021 
17,623,864 
40,658,017 

25,221,650 
16,697,433 
34,791,066 
15,700,343 
13,087,159 

12,862,351 
17,929,607 
20,814,834 
3,415,679 
4,942,544 
10,361,943 
14,319,390 

1,213,301 
7,195,972 
1,786,985 
6,835,454 
4,941,574 
6,293,163 
3,790,112 
9,162,242 
4, 130, 160 

10,330,988 
10,307,140 
7,483,063 
5,675,772 

6,631,812 

6,625,811 

11,685,338 

26,269,303 

3,474,331 
3,058,357 
1,488,409 
7,255,060 
1,773,512 
1,562,564 
2,667,162 
883,013 

7,558,077 
4,997,977 
18,797,015 


Number. 


1910 


1,878,782 


50,495 
153,719 
283,200 
317, 753 
233,996 
258,464 
399,326 
96,917 
84,912 


9,700 
4,473 
5,876 
19,896 
2,654 
7,896 

47,508 
14,512 
91,699 

62,388 
54,157 
77,255 
47,385 
42,015 

53,946 
61,705 
75,941 
12,429 
17,033 
40,488 
56,211 

1,172 
14,710 
629 
36,661 
31,524 
36,528 
22,396 
63,172 
27,204 

55,719 
55,292 
75,297 
72,156 

63,632 

57,900 

72,980 

204,814 

11,200 
10,040 

4,536 
30,498 
13,649 

8,529 
16,459 

2,006 

21,730 
17,006 
46,176 


1900 


1,616,422 


Value. 


1910 


$60,816,261 


57,171 
173,305 
325,728 
342,153 
148,418 
174,616 
269,383 
56,637 
69,011 


15,623 
5,079 
8,401 

18,451 
1,643 
7,974 

55,555 
17,405 
100,345 

64,612 
52,619 
115,034 
49,292 
44,171 

47,412 
79,880 
84,270 
9,653 
15,375 
43,999 
61,564 

1,240 
14,064 
615 
28,391 
15,762 
20,899 
15,259 
37,886 
14,302 

36,491 
50,370 
49,736 
38,019 

45,740 

29,336 

126,892 

167,415 

6,458 
5,683 
2,686 

20,653 
4,931 
2,238 

12,931 
1,057 

19, 121 
15,296 
34,694 


2,050,638 
5,919,042 
10,710,926 
11,120,590 
6,520,006 
7,475,455 
10,609,804 
3,396,552 
3,013,248 


Number. 


362,654 
166,668 
207,608 
875,189 
117,436 
321,093 

2,017,616 

680,897 

3,220,529 

2,240,857 
2,144,226 
3,223,121 
1, 745, 203 
1,357,519 

1,721,245 
2,229,183 
2,720,956 
401,580 
634,208 
1,469,662 
2,043,756 

43,647 

484,112 

27,532 

1,078,182 

1,053,931 

996,410 

657,496 

1,530,692 

648,004 

2,398,411 
1,606,067 
1,730,548 
1,740,429 

1,374,763 
1,292,087 
1,971,439 
6,971,525 

400,723 
357,699 
160,415 
1,392,350 
343,242 
203,017 
481,140 
57,966 

820,526 

588,005 

1,604,717 


1910 


3,182,789 

238,037 
626,990 
732,992 
571,221 
203,928 
143,383 
297,686 
161,211 
207,341 


29,622 
18, 101 
18,806 
115, 186 
17,802 
38,520 

303,256 
96,384 
227,350 

188,041 
120,632 
234,629 
100,238 
89,452 

83,654 
123,370 
132,068 
22,214 
34,622 
69,762 
105,631 

7,219 
40,121 
11,604 
35,908 
22,256 
26,702 
14,517 
31,528 
14,073 

49,462 
43,753 
26,965 
23,203 

33,040 
33,281 
77,852 
163,513 

24,366 
20,620 
10,484 
48,129 
17,350 
15,031 
18,287 
6,944 

44,617 
30,203 
132,521 


1900 


2,936,881 

271,001 
609,383 
749,389 
672,584 
158,660 
119,172 
212, 109 
108,036 
136,657 


34,011 
22,367 
20,365 
133,619 
19,980 
40,659 

305,937 
83,191 
220,255 

189,965 
128,229 
242,919 
102,639 
85,737 

85,660 
154,775 
129,513 
16, 114 
24,945 
68,621 
92,966 

6,702 
39,734 
11,599 
28,094 
18,097 
15,780 

9,855 
21,104 

7,585 

45,648 
39,216 
18,676 
15,733 

26,610 

26,346 

135,823 

124,431 

17,275 
12,208 

9,371 
36,763 

9,725 

6,390 
13,002 

3,302 

22,459 
20,027 
94,171 


Value. 


1910 


$422,204,393 

37,866,416 
110,424,383 
89,083,221 
65,775,491 
28, 690, 522 
18,400,120 
29,974,135 
.  16,372,221 
25,617,886 


4,341,987 
2,363,802 
2,305,409 
19,423,642 
3,206,056 
6,226,519 

60,371,030 
16,476,601 
33,576,752 

21,669,209 
13,445,162 
28,833,742 
13,660,280 
11,474,828 

10,809,499 
14,628,589 
14,919,261 
2,854,134 
4,167,070 
7,758,601 
10,648,437 

1,092,074 

6,952,420 

1,589,340 

4,549,316 

2,912,306 

3, 700, 148 

2,157,501 

4,701,251 

2,036,166 
• 

6,156,048 
6,079,213 
3,454,633 
2,710,226 

3,595,799 
3,177,907 
7,691,073 
16,509,356 

2,833,966 
2,612,517 
1,145,358 
5, 157, 786 
1,083,447 
1,121,618 
1,865,027 
652,502 

6,350,366 
4,124,678 
16,142,841 


Number. 


1910 


270,371 

834 
25,127 
24,933 
31,064 
56,285 
46,229 
64,626 
9,491 
13, 793 


1900 


67 
46 
192 
271 
76 
183 

3,490 
1,619 
20,118 

6,840 

6,710 

10,838 

700 

845 

1,017 
3,477 
15,245 
716 
794 
2,859 
6,946 

353 
3,669 
1,154 
6,629 
6,608 
8,436 
6,474 
16,556 
7,606 

11,061 
14,302 
12,907 
6,959 

9,728 
12,226 
11,696 
30,975 

491 

679 

728 

3,324 

1,629 

1,321 

488 

931 

1,804 
1,377 
10,612 


173,908 


657 
25,199 
16,500 
26,376 
26,269 
29,^60 
38, 792 
6,969 
4,3% 


Value. 


1910 


$39,374,534 


60 
30 
31 
490 
9 
47 

1,866 

1,123 

22,210 

4,772 

4,423 

6,468 

380 

457 

827 
5,238 
12,742 
235 
509 
2,800 
4,025 

297 
2,223 

276 
3,102 
3,495 
3,176 
2,832 
7,600 
3,258 

7,445 
10,691 
7,362 
4,362 

7,383 

7,012 

15,027 

19,370 

361 
507 
820 
2,412 
637 
731 
161 
340 

407 

510 

3,479 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 


339 


CLASSES,  IN  1910,  WITH  NUMBER  OF  EACH  CLASS,  IN  1910  AND  1900,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration.) 


Table  38— Continued. 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


United  States 

Geoqeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central- 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire .... 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Sox^H  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


ASSES  AND  BtmHOS. 


Number. 


1910       1900 


16,602 


96 

387 

934 

2,198 

524 

974 

3,750 

6,395 

1,244 


19 
6 
2 

36 

8 
26 

144 
66 
188 

139 
243 
412 
74 
66 

100 
199 
710 
23 
66 
326 
776 

4 
66 
6 
71 
56 
74 
64 
162 
42 

246 
463 
141 
135 

269 
112 
671 


22 

41 

28 

1,362 

1,662 

2,878 

53 

349 

114 

73 

1,057 


15,847 


108 
1,100 
1,057 
2,198 

675 
1,366 
3,275 
5,440 


18 
11 

5 
66 

1 
18 

421 

78 

601 

212 
226 
420 


56 
503 
668 
18 
43 
308 
613 

4 

72 
1 

209 
68 
02 
64 

126 
69 

379 
543 
200 
244 

254 

270 

>305 

2,446 

17 
229 

52 
2,029 
1,567 
1,466 

39 

41 

23 

45 
560 


Value. 


1910 


$1,701,386 


5,687 
30,137 
172,035 
602,617 
75,678 
180,156 
435,583 
106,558 
93,035 


1,460 
170 
100 

1,587 
380 

1,990 

16,427 
2,898 
11,812 

14,294 

53,466 

94,263 

6,001 

4,011 

20,608 
52,227 

191,447 

7,655 

18,563 

96,604 

215,513 

795 
10,525 
486 
10,480 
8,720 
9,205 
6,836 
25,380 
4,152 

47,585 
85,914 
16,387 
30,270 

51,505 

8,974 

172,460 

202,644 

8,155 

8,234 

425 

29,265 

18,454 

27,270 

6,810 

7,945 

32,105 
15,816 
46,114 


Number. 


1910 


390,887 


7,495 
28,392 
55,472 
53,650 
10, 195 
12,360 

8,058 
145,922 
60,343 


2,023 
345 
201 

4,320 
108 
480 

23,608 
207 

4,577 

8,868 
6,633 
31,060 
6,463 
3,449 

2,162 

1,206 

17,850 

1,188 

884 

20,029 

10,331 

15 

671 

1 

2,882 

1,358 

1,579 

369 

2,914 

406 

1,954 
3,487 
1,783 
5,136 

1,187 

2,602 

261 

4,008 

33,579 
7,874 

11,080 
8,473 

23,938 
1,131 

39, 789 

20,058 

2,957 

1,755 

64,631 


1900 


231,301 


11,113 
38,416 
79,862 
24,617 
15,829 
16,278 
14,639 
8,725 
21,822 


7,093 
589 
945 

2,259 
78 
149 

18,048 
10,301 
10,067 

9,393 
6,309 
54,891 
5,474 
3,795 

4,128 
2,857 
8,707 
439 
428 
6,026 
2,032 

11 
2,975 
30 
2,685 
1,836 
1,122 
522 
5,762 


3,489 
3,266 
6,404 
3,119 

2,666 
2,099 
>378 
9,496 

97 

1,044 

152 

763 

3,060 

123 

3,415 

71 

1,115 
2,476 
18,231 


Value. 


1910 


11,822,943 


32,394 
186,390 
303,820 
322,838 
28,434 
38,763 
23,399 
631,322 
255,583 


7,331 
1,756 
1,269 
18,792 
558 
2,688 

156,874 
3,049 
26,467 

38,505 
25,647 
191,308 
32,231 
16,129 

10,497 
7,154 
106,615 
5,156 
5,023 
140,496 
47,998 

75 
3,242 
3 
9,522 
6,133 
3,115 
1,100 
6,409 
836 

8,626 
12,625 

4,241 
13,371 

2,945 

6,003 

796 

13,655 

128,146 
42,047 
58,082 
36,694 
74, 487 
2,817 

216,443 
72,606 

17,431 

5,580 

232,572 


Number. 


1910         1900 


114,670 


1,399 
8,932 
6,747 
3,115 
9,663 
9,661 
22,246 
43,322 
9,586 


39 
59 
20 
643 
243 
396 

2,623 
2,111 
4,208 

1,134 

922 

1,900 

2,116 

676 

373 
417 
1,422 
133 
106 
304 
361 

30 

384 

78 

513 

255 

1,744 

1,044 

3,267 

2,349 

907 
2,066 
4,918 
1,770 

2,084 
3,775 
1,486 
14,901 

60 

94 

641 

4,008 

24,410 

12,779 

1,368 

62 

789 
1,684 
7,113 


78,363 


936 
11,344 
7,056 
3,190 
7,391 
8,760 
17,770 
17,846 
4,072 


36 
45 
49 

403 
76 

237 

3,046 
1,760 
6,648 

1,140 
707 

2,984 
603 

1,622 


807 
988 
58 
54 
384 
611 

62 

384 

64 

1,010 

672 

1,124 

681 

2,046 

1,348 

636 
1,467 
4,762 
1,895 

1,777 

2,091 

>525 

13,377 

10 

19 

3 

3,946 

12,216 

1,591 

42 

19 

132 

334 

3,606 


Value. 


1910 


1366,749 


10,519 
62,820 
29,679 
15,484 
27,827 
21,340 
46,703 
111,020 
40,357 


227 

389 

133 

4,820 

1,068 

2,973 

20,861 
16,503 
25,456 

6,852 
3,434 
10,253 
6,128 
3,012 

2,076 
1,857 
5,191 
1,073 
563 
1,719 
3,005 

165 
2,331 

587 
2,253 
1,542 
6,222 
3,144 
7,375 
4,208 

3,651 
6,367 
8,200 
3,122 

4,453 

8,824 

6,254 

28,172 

402 

820 

2,795 

11,852 

61,626 

29,783 

3,490 

252 

3,694 

4,034 

32,629 


Number. 


1910 


1,287,960 


32,063 
142,821 
179,397 
223,522 
230,418 
192,852 
238,836 
28,549 
19,502 


5,668 
4,012 
3,522 
12,010 
2,960 
3,882 

32,316 

9,264 

101,241 

47,125 
36,549 
70,973 
13,894 
10,856 

10,365 
46,427 
78,667 
2,461 
7,426 
42,379 
36,907 

3,729 
24,424 
170 
38, 771 
25,406 
50,241 
13,017 
52,562 
22,098 

40,117 
55,729 
53,283 
43,723 

56,173 
40,564 
48,404 
03,695 

2,538 
2,851 
743 
13,957 
2,312 
1,304 
4,252 
592 

4,274 
3,060 
12,168 


1900 


1,818,114 


44,193 
235,476 
391,936 
434,074 
229,204 
211,508 
220,725 
16,265 
34,733 


9,545 
5,759 
5,420 
17,219 
1,360 
4,890 

52,176 
25,954 
157,346 

97,226 
77,395 
166,944 
22,908 
27,463 

17,845 
128, 138 
109,678 
3,016 
9,133 
93,094 
73, 170 

4,130 
41,910 
332 
52,829 
22,185 
40,009 
12,030 
40,157 
15,622 

54,462 
82,912 
51,018 
23,126 

53,010 

24,392 

» 30,056 

113,267 

933 
3,467 

139 
3,047 
1,440 

712 
6,036 

491 

5,569 
6,135 
24,029 


Value. 


>  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


340  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  ON  FARMS  AND  NOT  ON  FARMS— VALUE  OF  DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  ON  AND  NOT  ON 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration.) 


Table  39 

DinaiON  OB  STATE. 


TTolted  StatM 

Oeoqbaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  AtlanUo 

East  North  Central . . 

West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 

West  South  Central . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centkal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri.. 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Vii^ia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Gewgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


VALUE  or 

ALL  domestic 

animals: 
1910 


16,896,421,619 


132,902 
452,117 
,040,953 
,500,364 
396,677 
389,840, 
628,138; 
405,434 
250,992 


28,785, 
13,822 
24,571 
39,691 
6,274, 
19,756. 

238,282, 
39,849, 
173,985, 

212,744; 
182,564; 
331,410; 
147,446, 
166,787, 

169,634; 
398,131 
294,181 
110,176, 
129,783 
228,210, 
260,245 

7,456; 
37,845; 

1,932; 
78,028; 
46,260 
66,343 
47,580 
87,280 
23,949 

122,936 
116,915 
71,057 
78,931 

78,426; 

49,940, 
160,338 
339,433 

88,473; 
52,135 
66,872 
76,095; 
44,965 
25,939 
30,997 
19,954, 

54,928 
63,241 
141.821 


Number. 


1910 


63,682,648 


1,387,045 
4,386,240 
10,102,297 
17,965,467 
5,073,317 
4,200,990 
11,120,338 
6,157,642 
3,289,312 


266,223 
172,304 
436,190 
272,312 
36,802 
203,214 

2,470,511 

237,511 

1,678,218 

1,899,995 
1,417,173 
2,517,832 
1,545,208 
2,722,089 

2,401,381 
4,509,711 
2,637,423 
756,191 
1,552,309 
2,972,838 
3,135,614 

56,158 
302,461 
1,611 
895,728 
651,812 
737,389 
412,278 
1,143,488 
872,392 

1,056,656 
1,051,821 
1,007,725 
1,084,788 

1,091,703 

862,695 

2,026,540 

7,139,400 

954,347 
463,847 
771,963 
1,158,235 
1,095,312 
833,458 
428,793 
451,687 

423,850 

742,261 

3, 123, 201 


1900 


69,335,832 

1,663,786 
4,906,525 
10,858,042 
20,431,252 
4, 580, 168 
3,843,137 
14,471,525 
5,972,536 
2,608,861 


354,470 
231,871 
510,341 
304,395 
37,677 
225,032 

2,651,944 

257,389 

1,997,192 

2,117,925 
1,737,097 
3,219,044 
1,425,700 
2,358,276 

1,918,737 
5,447,510 
3,062,859 
667,087 
1,562,175 
3,220,242 
4,552,642 

55,420 
306,710 
2,077 
853,903 
655,544 
645,417 
358,157 
937,377 
765,563 

1,119,739 
962,553 
849,470 
911,375 

940,275 

699,631 

•3,236,008 

9,595,611 

974,845 
369,217 
689,970 
1,453,971 
996,790 
744,873 
356,621 
386,249 

414,044 

715,599 

1,479,218 


Value. 


1910 


$1,560,339,868 

44,291,487 
144,604,295 
282,655,046 
460,774,897 

96,059,538 

82,876,734 
213,849,304 
149,666,101 

85,562,466 


8,147,038 
5,406,780 
12,036,500 
10,223,265 
1,426,524 
7,051,380 

85,079,858 
9,074,014 
50,450,423 

53,644,198 
41,254,718 
76,677,866 
42,245,521 
68,832,743 

52,027,617 
121,093,322 
75,604,620 
18,112,978 
36,791,442 
74,543,719 
82,601,199 

1,691,980 

8,353,638 

102,837 

22,202,253 

16,914,695 

13,546,464 

7,745,755 
15,591,650 

9,910,266 

28,369,982 
22,296,785 
15,200,174 
17,009,793 

16,835,419 
12,897,441 
45,159,040 
138,957,404 

27,874,845 
11,688,338 
22,857,802 
32,409,653 
20,753,207 
14,827,725 
9,429,842 
9,824,689 

13,013,991 
18,158,690 
54,389,785 


BOSSES. 


Number. 


1910 


23,016,902 


592,792 
1,856,676 
5,134,434 
7,365,413 
1,315,115 
1,287,982 
2,646,715 
1,588,268 
1,228,507 


137, 196 
64,330 
99,587 

179,469 
27,349 
84,861 

894,264 
185,306 
777, 106 

1,098,265 
934,276 

1,687,516 
710,271 
704, 106 

836,838 
1,615,596 
1,205,455 
672,813 
703,984 
1,078,140 
1,252,587 

40,284 
195,559 

12,168 
366,332 
202,247 
192,853 

94,364 
151,595 

59,713 

492,496 
393,462 
162,601 
239,423 

287,756 

214,567 

820,811 

1,323,581 

340,322 
218,392 
166,546 
342,164 
196,875 
114,609 
133,963 
75,397 

325,189 
301,911 
601,407 


1900 


Value. 


1910 


21,203,901  12,606,792,688 


656,697 
1,922,826 
4,871,843 
6,244,392 
1,229,620 
1,305,211 
2,450,833 
1,432,612 
1,089,867 


140,310 
77,233 
105,896 
208,653 
31,370 
93,235 

934,375 
177,215 
811,236 

1,068,170 
879,944 

1, 593, 138 
689,098 
641,493 

782, 129 

1,547,348 

1,096,550 

376,062 

505,713 

863,939 

1,072,651 

36,424 
188,728 

12,453 
326,616 
203,285 
174,933 

88,274 
148,511 

50,396 

497,245 
391,604 
171,318 
245,044 

279,100 

220,717 

1557, 153 

1,393,863 

347,247 
182,328 
144,914 
273,309 
140,878 
131,453 
128,886 
83,597 

266,444 
307,959 
515,464 


81,924,491 
270,535,686 
578,373,706 
819,287,782 
150,049,647 
136,471,419 
212,592,335 
128,978,449 
127,579,073 


18,706,743 
7,630,191 

10,896,766 

28,095,639 
4,630,233 

11,964,919 

140,414,332 
28,489,113 
101,632,241 

120,579,847 
100,563,630 
192, 197, 142 
84,972,754 
80,060,333 

99,878,371 
192,627,713 
128,895,824 
86,315,873 
77,600,048 
110,563,408 
123,406,545 

4,543,865 
22,739,887 

1,644,366 
39,406,926 
21,495,687 
22, 128, 282 
12,304,679 
18,895,090 

6,890,865 

50,952,168 
45,399,257 
17,105,917 
23,014,077 

26,748,008 
14,967,602 
71,342,734 
99,533,991 

29,949,730 
22,344,940 
13,572,196 
32,540,712 
8,951,761 
5,331,344 
11,864,862 
4,422,904 

36,031,215 
29,305,821 
62,242,037 


Number. 


1910 


4,480,140 


2,563 

77,543 

284,356 

746,986 

804,542 

1,049,033 

1,351,003 

58,448 

105,666 


425 
240 
621 
539 
139 
599 

7,542 
5,560 
64,441 

29,690 

87,878 

158,671 

4,400 

3,717 

6,792 

59,001 

357,945 

8,411 

13,218 

86,264 

215,355 

6,288 

26,236 

1,207 

66,651 

18,225 

183, 147 

160,945 

310,904 

30,939 

236,104 
290,157 
260,053 
262, 719 

231,928 
143,780 
268,762 
706,533 

4,665 
4,715 
2,773 
18,063 
16,466 
5,284 
2,765 
3,717 

13,989 
11,304 
80,373 


1900 


3,438,523 


2,052 
71,459 
232,038 
561,493 
581,388 
880,411 
977,579 
32,798 
99,305 


403 
127 
362 
788 
47 
325 

5,179 
6,011 
60,269 

21,543 
71,140 
131,112 
3,296 
4,947 

9,166 
60,985 
296,261 
7,115 
7,313 
57,924 
122,729 

5,042 

19,734 

367 

50,576 

14,849 

138, 786 

120,201 

214,921 

16,922 

198, 110 
264,248 
199,432 
218,621 

182,384 

150,982 

1117,562 

526,651 

3,090 
2,300 
2,047 
9,196 
5,948 
4,808 
2,277 
3,132 

3,097 
7,956 
88,252 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE   STOCK  ON   FARMS   AND  ELSEWHERE. 

FARMS,  BY  CLASSES,  IN  1910,  WITH  NUMBER  OF  EACH  CLASS,  IN  1910  AND  1900,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 

[See  text  with  reference  to  date  of  enumeration.] 


341 


Table  39— Continued. 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


trnited  states.... 
GEoaKAPmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 

West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

TnHtftTlft 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centbal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada ; 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


asses  and  bubsos. 


Number. 


IMO       1900 


122,200 


243 

1,072 

6,360 

24,452 

3,897 

16,705 

33,510 

31,404 

4,557 


41 
35 
24 
57 
19 
67 

428 
108 
536 

627 

1,889 

3,275 

307 

262 

319 
1,813 
13,687 
156 
398 
2,444 
5,736 


156 
6 
854 
216 
1,091 
455 
927 
170 

4,922 
8,442 
4,413 
1,928 

3,367 

643 

6,394 

23,106 

182 


4,595 
13,514 
9,982 
1,213 
1,261 

287 

621 

3,649 


110,012 


288 

2,057 

5,367 

17,778 

2,976 

19,069 

25,629 

33,528 

3,320 


66 
38 
30 
106 
6 
42 

750 
121 

1,177 

402 

1,234 

2,958 

184 

529 

216 
2,335 
9,435 
114 
238 
1,040 
4,400 

19 
141 
1 
621 
174 
917 
301 
645 
157 

5,638 
9,395 
2,019 
2,017 

2,733 

953 

13,088 

18,855 

145 
591 
466 

7,542 
17,469 

6,091 
927 
297 

183 

350 

2,787 


Value. 
1910 


114,901,498 


18,510 

U7,lll 

1,130,733 

5,540,772 

549,786 

2,527,610 

3,576,926  | 

766,518 

673,532 


^,188 
1,763 
2,138 
3,364 
1,010 
6,047 

53,689 
8,172 
55,260 

75,854 
344,663 
662,457« 

29,933 

17,806 

43,466 

332,439 

3,245,320 

30,570 

90,191 

544,239 

1,254,648 

4,770 
46,975 
485 
132,134 
34,276 
141,759 
68,747 
106,783 
14,867 

895,861 

1,160,980 

160,134 

310,635 

521,243 

79,200 

1,053,765 

1,922,718 

63,336 
108,226 

28,115 
165,997 
181,486 
100,362 

75,056 

43,940 

114,510 
166,593 
392,429 


Number. 


1910 


52,838,748 


438,167 
1,872,449 
9,597,706 
5,118,659 
2,523,748 
2,508,581 
2,201,715 
22,916,213 
5,661,510 


206,467 
44,117 

118,752 
37,037 
6,897 
22,907 

953,906 

30,890 

887,061 

3,918,030 
1,342,600 
1,090,016 
2,312,929 
933,232 

639,744 
1,146,756 
1,829,118 
294,569 
612, 148 
313,629 
282,806 

7,821 
237,808 
1 
807,766 
911,718 
216,052 
37,928 
190,658 
114,107 

1,364,967 
798,620 
144,713 
200,381 

146,376 

180,889 

62,733 

1,812,717 

5,414,326 
3,018,352 
5,408,241 
1,434,687 
3,370,922 
1,227,864 
1,866,969 
1,174,853 

478,512 
2,700,890 
2,482,108 


1900 


61,736,014 


933,671 
3,362,958 

11,296,135 
4,988,900 
2,714,744 
2,439,317 
2,469,073 

26,974,877 
6,566,339 


427,209 
105,702 
297,621 
64,818 
11,286 
37.136 

1,763,794 

68,031 

1,641,133 

4,030,021 
1,748,311 
1,086,472 
2,753,083 
1,679,248 

694,006 
1,059,676 
1,005,920 
682,301 
775,664 
617,299 
964,045 

11,776 
194,076 
30 
605,614 
970,679 
303,063 

72,060 
342,040 
125,406 

1,300,832 
499,277 
323,457 
315,751 

259,595 

221,943 

'  88, 741 

1,898,794 

6,170,580 
3, 122, 576 
5,099,765 
2,045,577 
4,902,547 

924,884 
3,821,838 

887,110 

930,988 
3,042,767 
2,581,584 


Value. 


1910 


$234,664,528 


1,879,191 

9,121,323 

39,313,650 

23,610,630 

9,114,181 

9,338,592 

7,249,657 

112,287,612 

22.749.692 


821,307 
194,102 
640,260 
175,290 
33,195 
115,037 

4,996,525 

164,187 

3,960,611 

14,979,886 
5,934,143 
5,036,044 
9,678,796 
3,686,781 

2,703,921 
6,766,990 
7,996,393 
1,282,893 
3,007,061 
1,627,443 
1,257,929 

36,973 

1,146,207 

3 

3,309,548 

3,406,034 

562,332 

82,462 

313,621 

257,001 

5,682,624 

3,021,721 

304,160 

430,087 

330,929 

349,049 

254,660 

6,315,019 

29,156,215 
15,939,239 
29,724,310 
6,892,881 
12,146,524 
4,403,331 
8,851,178 
6,173,934 

1,948,601 
12,219,522 
8,581,569 


Number. 


1910 


3,029,795 


4,694 

16,520 

41,806 

116,330 

220,764 

208,308 

1,298,476 

780,966 

342,031 


621 
564 
281 
1,894 
349 
895 

5,998 
2,686 
7,837 

6,613 
8,212 
14,336 
7,196 
6,560 

4,061 
21,081 
73,837 
1,207 
2,442 
3,694 
9,206 

127 

1,566 

78 

7,840 

6,003 

36,763 

25,794 

92,873 

49,720 

30,776 
45,626 
84,265 
47,641 

60,378 

60,877 

27,076 

1, 160, 146 

5,105 

5,813 

3,280 

35,619 

436,460 

259,396 

30,382 

4,911 

9,410 
187,095 
145,526 


1900 


1,948,952 


3,114 
15,556 
32,591 
97,690 
212,680 
219,402 
749,551 
392,738 
225,630 


315 
253 
151 
1,747 
96 
660 

4,362 
2,449 
8,745 

6,681 
6,281 
11,861 
3,464 
5,404 

4,109 
42,275 
25,475 
1,180 
2,960 
2,783 
18,890 

205 

1,663 

73 

6,316 

1,519 

44,025 

27,267 

86,670 

45,063 

12,603 
27,341 
122,176 
67,283 

63,616 

40,399 

>  14,826 

640,710 

1,723 

4,500 

2,669 

41,379 

236,352 

99,994 

1,469 

4,652 

3,008 
109,995 
112,627 


Value. 


1910 


96,542,172 


28,945 
104,664 
140,450 
340,198 
263.585 
285,905 
2,765,759 
1,849,191 
763.485 


2,404 
3,848 
1,166 
12,819 
2,950 
6,758 

42,293 
21,117 
41,244 

24,696 
24,339 

48,817 
20,320 
22,279 

20,566 
66,096 
192,600 
6,691 
11,966 
13,664 
28,606 

493 
7,446 

587 
30,639 
22,224 
49,261 
30,872 
77,434 
44,729 

65,316 
89,033 
84,661 
46,995 

89,391 

66,178 

67,941 

2,642,249 

22,818 
37,517 
18,923 
92,496 
1,001,328 
585,110 
79,037 
11,962 

35,356 
374,671 
353,458 


Number. 


Value. 


1910 


59,473,636 


428,706 

1,933,642 

14,640,456 

21,505,031 

6,194,338 

5,631,458 

7,260,781 

669,460 

1,209,766 


1900 


64,686,155 


1409,414,568 


406,392 

2,195,483 

16,439,187 

24,861,112 

5,791,966 

6,856,856 

6,623,204 

415,945 

1,096,010 


92,824 
49,249 
98,343 
115,028 
17,007 
56,254 

698,405 

166,269 

1,078.878" 

3,152,752 
3,660,466 
4,757,336 
1.259,727 
1,820,187 

1,630,^2 
7,591,280 
4,516,751 
334,064 
1,017,147 
3,478,103 
3,037,064 

52,989 

326,007 

836 

836,406 

363,694 

1,277,866 

678,228 

1,836,246 

832,167 

1,531,933 
1,443,667 
1,320,016 
1,336,842 

1,676,120 
1,368,169 
1,887,434 
2,430,068 

101,799 
181, 197 
34,690 
193,251 
47,721 
18, 512 
68,538 
23,752 

210,409 
220,637 
778,719 


88,563 
56,970 
100,510 
96,144 
12,868 
51,337 

728,815 

201,341 

1,265,327 

3,285,789 
3,840,784 
6,082.412 
1,188,108 
2,042,094 

1,468,651 
9,851,929 
4,634,342 
194,814 
832,253 
4,221,094 
3,668,029 

60,862 

359,812 

1,134 

999,272 

465,029 

1,340,478 

631,026 

1,464,466 

479,890 

2,008,989 
2,059,896 
1,474,347 
1,313,624 

1,766,317 

812,817- 

•  1,265,189 

2,778,881 

50,429 
117,547 
15,610 
104,245 
21,866 
18,815 
71,768 
15,665 

187, 104 
286,541 
622,365 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


342 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

DOMESTIC  AiriMAIS  ON  FARMS  AND  NOT  ON  FAEMS. 


The  table  presented  on  the  two  preceding  pages 
shows,  by  geographic  divisions  and  states,  the  com- 
bined number  of  domestic  animals  both  on  farms  and 
not  on  farms  for  1910  and  1900,  respectively,  and  also 


the  value  for  1910.  The  following  statement  com- 
pares, for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  the  data  with 
regard  to  domestic  animals  on  farms  with  those  for 
animals  not  on  farms: 


Table  40 


1910— Number: 

Total 

On  forms 

Not  on  forms 

IMO— Number: 

Total 

On  forms 

Not  on  farms 

Increase,  190(V-1910:> 
Total- 
Number 

Percent 

On  farms- 
Number 

Percent 

Not  on  farms- 
Number.: 

Percent 

Per  cent  of  total,  1910: 

On  farms 

Not  on  farms 

Value,  1910: 

Total 

On  farms 

Not  on  farms 

Average  value  per  head,  1910: 

Total 

On  farms 

Not  on  farms 

Farms  and  Inclosures  report- 


otal 

Farms 

Bams,  and  other 
inclosures  not  on 
forms 


% 


All  domestic 
animals. 


$.5,296,421,619 

$4,760,060,093 

$536,361,526 


8,048,346 
6,034,783 


2,013,563 


AUoattte. 


63,682,648 

61,803,866 

1,878,782 

69,335,832 

67,719,410 

1,616,422 


-5,653,184 
-8.2 

-5,915,544 

-8.7 

282,360 
16.2 

97.0 
3.0 

$1,560,339,868 

$1,499,623,607 

$60,816,261 

$24.50 
$24.26 
$32.37 


6,184,262 
6,284,916 


899,346 


Daily  cows. 


21,795,770 
20,625,432 
1,170,338 

18,108,666 

17,135,633 

973,033 


3,687,104 
20.4 

3,489,799 
20.4 

197,305 
20.3 

94.6 
5.4 

$753,237,930 
$706,236,307 
$47,001,623 

$34.56 
$34. 24 
$40.16 


6,008,095 
5,140,869 


867,226 


HOBSES,  MULES,  AND  ASSES  AND  BUBBOS. 


Total. 


27,618,242 
24,148,580 
3,469,662 

24,752,436 
21,625,800 
3,126,636 


2,865,806 
11.6 

2,522,780 
11.7 

343,026 
11.0 

87.4 
12.6 

$3,085,460,483 

$2,622,180,170 

$463,280,313 

$111.72 
$108.59 
$133.52 


Horses. 


23,015,902 
19,833,113 
3,182,789 

21,203,901 
18,267,020 
2,936,881 


1,812,001 
8.5 

1,666,093 


245,908 
8.4 

86.2 
13.8 

$2,505,792,588 

$2,083,588,195 

$422,204,393 

$108.87 
$105.06 
$132.65 


6,085,585 
4,692,814 


1,392,771 


Mules. 


4,480,140 

4,209,769 

270,371 

3,438,523 

3,264,615 

173,908 


1,041,617 
30.3 

945,154 
29.0 

96,463 
55.5 

94.0 
6.0 

$564,766,397 
$525,391,863 
$39,374,534 

$126. 06 
$124.80 
$145.63 


1,943,671 
1,869,005 


74,666 


Asses  and 
burros. 


122,200 
105, 698 
16,502 

110,012 
94,165 
15,847 


12,188 
11.1 

11,533 
12.2 

655 
4.1 

86.5 
13.5 

$14,901,498 
$13,200,112 
$1,701,386 

$121.94 
$124.89 
$103. 10 


52,143 
43,927 


8,216 


Swine. 


59,473,636 

58,185,676 

1,287,960 

64,686,155 

62,868,041 

1,818,114 


-5,212,519 

-8.1 

-4,682,365 
-7.4 

-530, 154 
-29.2 

97.8 
2.2 

$409,414,568 
$399,338,308 
$10,076,260 

$6.88 
$6.86 
$7.82 


4,699,687 
4,351,751 


347,936 


Sheep. 


52,838,748 

52,447,861 

390,887 

61,735,014 

61,503,713 

231,301 


-9,055,852 
-14.7 

159,586 
69.0 

99.3 
0.7 

$234,664,528 

$232,841,585 

$1,822,943 

$4.44 
$4.44 
$4.66 


617,034 
610,894 


6,140 


Ooats. 


3,029,795 

2,915,125 

114,670 

1,948,952 

1,870,599 

78,353 


1,080,843 
55.5 

1,044,526 
55.8 

36,317 
46.4 

96.2 
3.8 

$6,542,172 

$6,176,423 

$365,749 

$2.16 
$2.12 
$3.19 


106,500 
82,755 


23,745 


»  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


It  will  be  seen  that  in  1910  the  total  value  of  do- 
mestic animals,  both  on  farms  and  not  on  farms,  was 
$5,296,422,000,  of  which  domestic  animals  not  on 
farms  contributed  $536,362,000,  or  a  little  over  one- 
tenth.  Of  the  total  number  of  horses,  mules,  and 
asses  and  burros  in  the  country  those  not  on  farms 
constituted  12.6  per  cent,  while  the  corresponding 
proportion  for  cattle  was  only  3  per  cent,  for  swine 
only  2.2  per  cent,  and  for  sheep  only  seven-tenths  of 
1  per  cent.  Of  the  cattle  not  on  farms  about  three- 
jGfths  were  dairy  cows. 

Between  1900  and  1910  there  was  an  increase  of 
16.2  per  cent  in  the  number  of  cattle  not  on  farms,  as 


against  a  decrease  in  those  on  farms.  The  rate  of 
increase  in  the  number  of  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and 
burros  taken  together  was  nearly  the  same  for  those 
not  on  farms  as  for  those  on  farms.  The  changes  in 
the  number  of  swine  and  sheep  not  on  farms  have 
probably  little  significance. 

For  every  class  of  animals,  except  the  unimportant 
class  of  asses  and  burros,  the  average  value  per  head 
in  1910  was  higher  in  the  case  of  those  not  on  farms 
than  in  the  case  of  those  on  farms.  This  is  due  in  part 
to  the  fact  that  a  relatively  larger  proportion  of  the 
animals  not  on  farms  are  of  adult  age  than  in  the  case 
of  those  on  farms. 


Chapter  12. 

LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS,  AND  DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  SOLD  OR  SLAUGHTERED 

ON  FARMS. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  summarizes  the  data 
collected  by  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census  for  dairy 
products,  wool  and  mohair,  poultry  and  eggs,  honey 
and  wax,  and  domestic  animals  sold  or  slaughtered  on 
farms.  The  returns  for  these  items  at  the  census  of 
1910,  like  those  for  crops,  relate  to  the  activities  of  the 
calendar  year  1909. 

It  is  impossible  to  give  a  total  representing  the 
value  of  the  annual  production  of  live  stock  products, 
for  the  reason  that  the  total  value  of  products  of  the 


business  of  raising  domestic  animals  for  use,  sale,  or 
slaughter  can  not  be  calculated  from  the  census  returns. 
And  even  if  a  total  representing  the  value  of  the  annual 
production  of  Uve  stock  products  could  be  obtained 
and  were  added  to  the  value  of  all  crops  (data  for 
which  are  presented  in  Chapter  13),  the  sum  would  not 
accurately  represent  the  total  value  of  farm  products 
for  the  year,  because  much  duplication  would  result 
from  the  fact  that  part  of  the  crops  are  fed  to  the  live 
stock. 


DAIEY  PEODUCTS. 


United  States  as  a  whole:  1909  and  1899.— The 
census  statistics  of  dairy  products  are  somewhat  less 
complete  and  accurate  than  is  believed  to  be  the  case 
with  the  statistics  of  the  principal  crops.  While  many 
farms  make  the  dairy  business  the  main  or  an  impor- 
tant feature  of  their  operations,  yet  for  the  great 
majority  it  is  more  or  less  incidental,  cows  being  kept 
chiefly  for  breeding  purposes  or  to  supply  milk  and 
butter  for  the  farmer's  family.  On  such  farms  in 
particular,  records  of  dairy  products  are  seldom  kept, 
and  farmers  are  usually  able  to  make  only  rough  esti- 
mates regarding  them,  and  in  many  cases  are  unwill- 
ing to  make  any  estimates  at  all.  Especial  diflSculty 
is  encountered  in  securing  reports  of  the  total  quantity 
of  milk  produced.  In  many  instances,  even  when 
farmers  make  replies  to  all  the  inquiries,  it  is  probable 
that  they  understate  the  production,  particularly  by 
neglecting  or  underestimating  the  home  consumption 
of  milk  and  other  dairy  products. 

The  incompleteness  of  the  returns  is  indicated  by 
the  fact  that,  while  there  were  5,140,869  farms  in  the 
United  States  for  which  the  enumerators  reported 
dairy  cows  on  April  15,  1910,  for  only  4,413,333  of 
these  farms  were  dairy  products  of  any  kind  reported 
as  produced  in  1909,  and  for  only  4,021,460  was  the 
quantity  of  milk  produced  in  1909  stated.  The  total 
number  of  dairy  cows  on  farnis  April  15,  1910,  was 
reported  as  20,625,000,  while  the  number  on  farms 
which  reported  the  production  of  any  kind  of  dairy 
products  in  1909  was  18,746,000,  or  90.9  per  cent  of  the 
total  number,  and  the  number  on  farms  which  reported 
the  production  of  milk  in  1909  was  16,069,000,  or  77.9 
per  cent  of  the  total.  In  considering  these  figures, 
however,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  is  no 
precise    distinction    between    dairy    cows    and    cows 


not  kept  for  their  milk.  In  a  considerable  number  of 
cases  enumerators  probably  reported  as  dairy  cows 
animals  which  in  fact  were  primarily  kept  for  breeding 
purposes  and  which  were  only  milked  for  short  periods, 
if  at  all,  during  the  preceding  year. 

Because  of  this  indefiniteness  in  the  returns  for 
dairy  cows  it  has  not  been  considered  desirable  to 
make  estimates  of  the  production  of  milk  or  other 
dairy  products  on  farms  which  reported  dairy  cows 
but  failed  to  report  the  quantity  of  milk  produced  or 
failed  to  report  dairy  products  of  any  kind.  At  the 
Twelfth  Census  estimates  of  this  character  were  made 
to  a  considerable  extent,  and  for  this  reason  the  statis- 
tics published  for  that  census  are  not  closely  com- 
parable with  those  for  the  Thirteenth  Census.  The 
statistics  of  butter  and  cheese  for  the  two  censuses  are, 
however,  more  nearly  comparable  than  those  for  milk. 

Table  1,  on  page  344,  shows,  for  the  United  States, 
data  regarding  dairy  products  in  1009,  as  reported  by 
the  enumerators,  together  with  certain  items  for  1899, 
as  published  in  the  reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census. 

The  total  quantity  of  milk  reported  as  produced  on 
farms  in  1909  was  5,814,000,000  gallons.  There  were, 
on  April  15,  1910,  16,069,000  dairy  cows  on  the  farms 
reporting  this  milk.  Assuming  that  there  were  the 
same  number  of  cows  in  1909,  the  average  production 
of  milk  per  cow  would  be  362  gallons. 

The  total  value  of  dairy  products  of  farms  in  1909, 
exclusive  of  milk  and  cream  consumed  on  the  farm, 
was  reported  as  $596,413,000.  This  represents  the 
sum  of  the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  milk,  cream,  and 
butter  fat  (amounting  in  all  to  $372,403,000),  and  the 
value  of  all  butter  and  cheese  produced  on  farms, 
whether  sold  or  retained  for  home  use  (amounting  to 
$224,010,000). 

(343) 


844 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Table  1 


Dairy  cows  on  farms  April 

15,  1910 

On    farms     reportlne 

dairy  products  In  1909. 
On     farms     reporting 

milk  produced  in  1909. 
Specified  dairyproducts 

of  farms,  1900: 

Milk  reported 

Butter  made 

Cheese  made 


Milk  sold 

Cream  sold 

Butter  fat  sold  > . 

Butter  sold 

Cheese  sold 


Total  receipts  from  sales, 
1909 

Total  value  of  milk, 
cream,  and  butter  fat 
sold  and  butter  and 
cheese  made,  1909 


Specified  dairy  products 
of  farms,  1899: 

Butto:  made 

Cheese  made 

Butter  sold 

Cheese  sold 


Butter  and  cheese  made 
in  factories: 

Butter— 1909« 

1899 

Cheese-1909» 

1899 


Total  production  of  but- 
ter and  cheese: 

Butter— 1909« 

1899 
Cheese— 1909« !!!!!!!!] 
1899 


FABMS 
BXPOBTINO. 


Number. 


6,140,8691  80.8 
4,413,333  69.4 
4,021,460  63.2 


3,787,749 
12,054 

493,916 

164,117 

361,126 

1,785,408 

6,019 


,617,366 
16,669 


69.5 
0.2 

7.8 
2.6 
5.7 
28.1 
0.1 


Number 

or 
quantity. 


20,625,432 
18,745,662 
16,069,296 


Unit. 


5,813,699,4741  Gals. 

994,650,610  Lbs. 

9,405,864  Lbs. 


1,937,255,864 

54,933,683 

305,662,587 

415,080,489 

8,136,901 


63.01 


1,071,626,056 

16,372,318 

518,042,767 

14,692,542 


624,764,653 
420,126,546 
311,126,317 
281,972,324 


1,619,415,263 

1,491,752,602 

320,532,181 

298,344,642 


Gals. 
Gals. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 


Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 


Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 


Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 
Lbs. 


Total. 


$222, 861, 440  $0.22 
1,148,708  0.12 


252,436,757 
37,655,047 
82,311,511 

100,378,123 
987,974 


473,769,412 


696,413,463 


86,570,973 
1,342,444 


179,510,619 
84,079,754 
43,239,924 
26,519,829 


402,372,059 


44,388,632 


0.13 
0.69 
0.27 
0.24 
0.12 


0.17 
0.09 


0.29 
0.20 
0.14 
0.09 


0.25 


0.14 


1  While  butter  fat  does  not  constitute  a  separate  product,  large  quantities  of 
cream  and  milk  are  sold  on  the  basis  of  a  specified  price  per  pound  for  the  butter 
fat  which  they  contain;  hence  i  t  is  proper  to  speak  of  the  quantity  of  butter  fat  sold. 

s  In  addition,  2,381,212  pounds  of  butter,  valued  at  $664,171,  and  49,413  pounds 
of  part-cream  cheese,  valued  at  $5,745,  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged 
In  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  creameries  and  cheese 
fiu;tories. 

The  census  schedules  did  not  call  for  the  combined 
value  of  all  dairy  products  as  one  item,  nor  did  they 
call  for  the  total  value  of  milk  produced.  In  order 
to  obtain  a  true  total  for  the  value  of  dairy  products, 
it  would  be  necessary  to  ascertain  the  value  of  milk, 
cream,  butter,  and  cheese  consumed  on  the  farm,  in- 
cluding milk  fed  to  animals,  and  to  add  to  this  the 
reported  value  of  products  sold.  In  the  belief  that  no 
satisfactory  results  could  be  secured  from  such  an  in- 
quiry, the  census  schedules  did  not  call  for  the  value 
of  milk  and  cream  consumed  on  the  farm,  and  it  has 
not  been  considered  feasible  to  estimate  this  value 
from  the  other  data  reported.  Such  estimates  were 
made  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  but  they  can  not  be  con- 
sidered as  more  than  very  rough  approximations. 

The  total  reported  value  of  dairy  products  sold  in 
1909  was  $473,769,000,  of  which  the  value  of  milk, 
cream,  and  butter  fat  sold  represented  nearly  four- 
fifths  and  that  of  butter  most  of  the  remainder.  The 
quantity  of  milk  sold  as  such  was  reported  as 
1,937,000,000  gallons,  or  substantially  one-third  of  the 
total  reported  as  produced;  but  it  should  be  borne  in 


mind  that  a  great  deal  of  milk  sold  or  delivered  to 
creameries  for  butter  making  is  paid  for  on  the  basis 
of  the  cream  or  butter  fat  content,  in  which  case  the 
quantity  of  such  cream  or  butter  fat  was  usually  re- 
ported on  the  census  schedules  and  not  the  quantity 
of  milk.  The  greater  part  of  the  milk  reported  as  sold 
was  doubtless  consumed  as  such,  chiefly  in  cities  and 
villages,  but  a  considerable  quantity  represents  milk 
delivered  to  condensed-milk  and  cheese  factories,  and 
a  small  part  represents  milk  which  was  delivered  to 
creameries  for  the  production  of  butter  and  reported 
as  milk  instead  of  on  the  basis  of  the  cream  or  butter 
fat  contained. 

The  reported  farm  production  of  butter  and  of  cheese 
in  1909—994,651,000  pounds  and  9,406,000  pounds, 
respectively — was  considerably  less  than  the  produc- 
tion for  the  year  1899  as  given  in  the  published  reports 
of  the  Twelfth  Census,  but  this  difference  is  doubtless 
due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  latter  included  some 
estimates  for  farms  with  incomplete  reports.  The 
manufacture  of  butter  and  cheese  is,  however,  grad- 
ually being  transferred  from  farms  to  factories.  The 
combined  farm  and  factory  production  of  butter  was 
1,619,415,000  pounds  in  1909  and  1,491,753,000  pounds 
in  1899.  The  increase  during  the  decade  was  thus 
127,663,000  pounds,  or  8.6  per  cent.  The  factory  pro- 
duction alone  increased  48.7  per  cent.  Of  the  total 
product,  that  made  in  factories  constituted  38.6  per 
cent  in  1909  and  28.2  per  cent  in  1899. 

The  production  of  cheese  on  farms  and  in  factories 
was  320,532,000  pounds  in  1909,  as  compared  with 
298,345,000  pounds  in  1899,  an  increase  of  7.4  per  cent. 
At  both  censuses  much  the  greater  part  of  the  cheese 
was  made  in  factories,  but  the  proportion  in  1909  (97.1 
per  cent)  was  higher  than  that  in  1899  (94.5  per  cent). 

Prodnction  of  dairy  products,  by  divisions  and 
states. — Table  2  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the 
total  number  of  farms  reporting  dairy  cows,  the  num- 
ber reporting  dairy  products,  and  the  number  report- 
ing the  quantity  of  milk  produced,  with  the  number  of 
dairy  cows  reported  by  the  farms  of  each  class. 
Dairy  products  and  milk  production  appear  to  have 
been  much  more  completely  reported  in  some  divisions 
than  in  others.  In  the  New  England  division,  for  ex- 
ample, the  number  of  farms  reporting  dairy  products 
was  91.9  per  cent  of  the  number  reporting  dairy  cows, 
and  the  number  reporting  the  quantity  of  milk  pro- 
duced, 83.6  per  cent,  while  in  the  Mountain  division 
the  number  of  farms  reporting  dairy  products  was  only 
70.9  per  cent  of  the  number  reporting  dairy  cows,  and 
the  number  reporting  the  quantity  of  milk  produced, 
63.8  per  cent.  In  general,  it  may  be  said  that  the 
reports  of  dairy  products  for  the  four  northern  divi- 
sions appear  to  be  more  complete  than  those  for  the 
other  divisions,  the  deficiency  being  greatest  in  those 
divisions  where  cows  not  kept  for  dairy  purposes 
considerably  outnumber  the  dairy  cows. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 


345 


Tables 


TTnlted  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central 

South  AOantlc 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


DAIBT  cows  ON  rAKMS  APRIL  15,  1910 


Total. 


Farms 
report- 
ing. 


5,140.869 

147,028 
400,473 
1,009,479 
989,135 
794,716 
815,423 
724,466 
120,328 
139,821 


Number 
of  cows. 


On  farms  report- 
ing dairy  products 
in  1909. 


£^  i  Number 
Xg";*"  !  otoows. 


20,625,432  4, 

841, 
2,597, 
4,829, 
6,327, 
1,810, 
1,'  " 
2,249, 

514, 


,652 
,527 
,606! 
,754;! 
,061^ 
,653i 
,466J 
,11611 


413,33318,745, 

135, 180   805, 

368,336 

924,481 


859,550 
658,507 
692,436 
579,641  1, 
86,345   401, 
109,867   723, 


2,474, 
4,580, 
4,890, 
1,567, 
1,421, 


On  farms  report- 
ing milk  produced 
in  1909. 


Farms 
report- 
ing. 


Number 
of  cows. 


,021,46016, 

122,884 
308,042 
808,709 
726,153 
635,948 
683,239 

76,759 
99,733 


on,  298 

730,820 
043,586 
817,196 
894,317 
464,875 
391,307 
792,126 
343,694 
591,377 


Table  3  shows  statistics  of  the  production  of  dairy 
products  on  farms,  by  geographic  divisions. 

The  distribution  of  the  farm  production  of  dairy 
products  among  the  geographic  divisions  naturally 
conforms  more  or  less  closely  to  the  distribution  of  the 
number  of  dairy  cows,  but  the  correspondence  is  by 
no  means  exact.  The  imperfections  of  the  reports, 
both  as  to  the  number  of  dairy  cows  and  as  to  the 
quantity  of  dairy  products,  especially  milk  produced, 
renders  close  comparison  impossible. 

Of  the  total  value  of  dairy  products  in  1909  (exclud- 
ing the  value  of  milk  and  cream  consumed  on  the  farm 


where  produced),  the  East  North  Central  division 
reported  $159,674,000,  or  26.8  per  cent,  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division  $130,773,000,  or  21.9  per  cent,  and 
the  West  North  Central  division  $108,825,000,  or  18.2 
per  cent,  these  three  divisions  together  reporting  over 
two-thirds  of  the  total.  It  is  probable,  however,  that 
the  relative  importance  of  the  home  consumption  of 
milk  and  cream  is  considerably  greater  in  the  South 
and  somewhat  greater  in  the  West  than  it  is  in  the 
North,  and  that  if  the  value  of  all  dairy  products, 
including  such  consumption,  could  be  accurately 
computed,  the  southern  and  western  divisions  would 
show  somewhat  larger  percentages  of  the  aggregate  for 
the  United  States  than  appear  in  Table  3. 

Because  of  the  considerable  degree  of  incompara- 
bility  between  the  reports  of  the  number  of  dairy  cows 
and  those  of  milk  production,  the  average  quantity  of 
milk  per  cow  is  not  presented  for  divisions  or 
states.  According  to  the  figures  reported,  the  average 
production  per  cow  (based  on  the  number  of  dairy 
cows  in  1910  on  farms  reporting  milk  produced  in  1909 
and  the  quantity  of  milk  produced  in  1909)  was  very 
much  greater  in  the  New  England,  Middle  Atlantic, 
East  North  Central,  and  Pacific  divisions  than  in  any 
of  the  others.  This  doubtless  conforms  approximately 
to  the  facts. 


Table  3 

Total  value 

of  dairy 

products 

of  farms:' 

1909 

Milk  reported 

(gallons): 

1909 

BXTTm  If  ADS  ON  rAXMS. 

CHXUE  MADE  ON  FABMS. 

PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 

DiviaioiT. 

Quantity  (pounds). 

Value: 
1909 

Quantity  (pounds). 

Value: 
1909 

Num- 
ber of 
dairy 
cows  on 
farms 
April 
15, 
1910 

Total 
value  of 
dairy 
prod- 
ucts:" 
1009 

Mflk 
report- 
ed: 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1890 

1909 

TTnlted  States 

$696,413,463 

50, 720, 766 
130,772,563 
159,673,557 
108,824,533 
35,578,455 
30,200,917 
32,394,027 
12,991,603 
35,257,042 

5,813,699,474 

347,872,803 

1,001,269,980 

1,564,282,966 

1,266,991,620 

418,843,384 

400,476,625 

416,401,603 

116,468,996 

281,091,588 

994,660,610 

40,732,783 
88,242,228 
230,966,876 
201,172,278 
123,270,552 
136,239,873 
128,188,799 
18,116,811 
27,721,410 

1,071,626,056 

51,454,627 
154,829,824 
287,878,290 
251,226,460 
89,111,226 
97,541,277 
88,382,063 
14,869,383 
36,332,916 

$222,861,440 

11,704,089 
22,996,544 
53,108,927 
44,748,964 
26,054,017 
25,739,427 
25,838,528 
4,992,172 
7,678,172 

9,405,864 

673,865 

1,910,540 

1,891,208 

473,196 

480,805 

93,971 

424,482 

457, 740 

3,000,048 

16,372,318 

1,003,103 

3,50(>,096 

3,636,013 

1,084,109 

480,448 

137,327 

330,113 

720,696 

4,868,613 

$1,148,708 

89,189 

194,472 

215,395 

59,999 

51,024 

9,703 

44,697 

70,897 

413,432 

100.0 

4.1 
12.6 
23.4 
25.8 
8.8 
7.9 
10.9 
2.5 
4.0 

100.0 

8.5 
21.9 
26.8 
18.2 
6.0 
6.1 
5.4 
2.2 
5.9 

100  0 

New  England 

6  0 

Middle  Atlantic 

17  2 

East  North  Central 

26  0 

W&st  North  Central 

21  8 

South  Atlantic 

7.2 

East  South  Central 

6.9 

West  South  Central 

7.2 

2  0 

Pacific 

4  8 

1  Excluding  milk  and  cream 

Table  4,  on  the  next  page,  shows  the  production  of 
butter  and  cheese  on  farms  and  in  factories,  by  geo- 
graphic divisions,  and  Table  5  shows  the  percentage  of 
the  respective  totals  reported  for  each  division. 

In  1909  the  production  in  factories  formed  67.3  per 
cent  of  the  total  production  of  butter  in  the  Pacific 
division  and  54,8  per  cent  in  the  West  North  Central 
division,  while  in  the  three  southern  divisions  taken 
together  it  represented  only  2.3  per  cent.  In  the  other 
four  divisions  less  butter  was  made  in  factories  than 
on  farms,  but  there  was  no  such  great  difference  as  in 
the  South.  Of  the  total  production  of  butter  on 
farms  and  in  factories  in  1909,  the  West  North  Cen- 
tral division  reported  27.5  per  cent  and  the  East 
North  Central  26.2  per  cent,  the  production  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  division,  which  ranked  next,  con- 
stituting only  10.2  per  cent  of  the  total. 


used  on  the  farms  producing. 

While  the  butter  production  is  very  widely  dis- 
tributed, cheese  is  produced  only  to  a  limited  extent 
outside  of  two  divisions.  The  East  North  Central 
division  in  1909  produced  56.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
farm  and  factory  output,  and  the  Middle  Atlantic 
36.9  per  cent.  In  fact,  as  shown  by  Table  10,  two 
states,  Wisconsin  and  New  York,  produced  about 
four-fifths  of  the  total.  The  quantity  of  butter  made 
on  farms  was  less  in  1909  than  in  1899  in  the  four 
geographic  divisions  of  the  North,  and  also  in  the 
Pacific  division,  but  in  all  of  these  divisions,  except 
the  Middle-Atlantic  and  the  New  England,  the  factory 
production  was  decidedly  greater  in  the  later  year 
than  in  the  earlier.  In  the  three  southern  divisions, 
where  practically  all  the  butter  is  still  made  on  farms, 
there  was  an  increase  in  farm  production  between  1899 
and  1909,  the  percentage  of  increase  for  the  three  di- 
visions taken  together  being  41. 


346 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Table  4 


BUTTEE  PEODUCKD  (POUNDS). 


1909 


XTnlted  States: 

Total* 

Made  on  farms 

Made  In  factories*. 

Nbw  England: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

East  Nobth  Centbal: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

West  North  Centeal: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

South  Atlantic: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

East  South  Centeal: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

West  South  Centeal: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

Mountain: 

Total 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 

Pacdic: 

Total , 

Made  on  farms 

Made  in  factories 


1,619,415,263 
994,650,610 
624,764,653 


(«) 

40,732,783 

(•) 

165,392,518 
88,242,228 
77,150,290 

424,137,997 
230,966,876 
193,171,121 

444,724,204 
201,172,278 
243,551,926 

(») 

123,270,552 

(») 

(») 

136,239,873 

(') 

(») 

128,188,799 

(») 

(') 

18,115,811 

(?) 

84,780,111 
27,721,410 
67,058,701 


1899 


1,491,752,602 

1,071,626,056 

420,126,546 


92,032,196 
51,454,627 
40,577,569 

233,986,350 
154,829,824 
79,156,526 

403,208,930 
287,878,290 
115,330,640 

407,632,767 
251,226,460 
156,406,307 

92,883,312 
89,111,226 
3,772,086 

(») 

97,541,277 

(«) 

88,856,542 

88,382,053 

474,489 

(') 

14,869,383 

(>) 

54,653,831 
36,332,916 
18,320,915 


Increase.! 


Amount. 


-10,721,844 
(•) 

-68,593,832 
-66,587,596 
-2,006,236 

20,929,067 

-56,911,414 

77,840,481 

37,091,437 

-50,054,182 

87,145,619 

(») 
34,159,326 
(=) 

(«) 

38,698,596 

(») 

(») 
39,806,746 

(') 

(») 
3,246,428 
(») 

30,126,280 
-8,611,506 
38,737,786 


Per 
cent. 


8.6 
-7.2 
48.7 


(») 

-20.8 

(») 

-29.3 
-43.0 
-2.5 

5.2 

-19.8 

67.5 

9.1 

-19.9 

55.7 

(«) 
38.3 

(») 

39.7 
(») 

45.0 
(«) 

(') 

21.8 

(') 

55.1 
-23.7 
211.4 


cheese  peoduced  (pounds)  . 


9,208,931 
3,000,048 
6,208,883 


-9.9 

-38.4 
16.0 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL. 


Butter. 


1909     1899 


100.0 
61.4 
38.6 


(») 
(») 
(») 

100.0 
53.4 
46  6 

100.0 
54.5 
45.5 

100.0 
45.2 
54.8 

m 

(») 
(») 

(') 

(») 

(«) 


(«) 
(») 
(») 

100.0 
32.7 
67.3 


100.0 
71.8 
28.2 


100.0 
55.9 
44.1 

100.0 
66.2 
33.8 

100.0 
71.4 
28.6 

100.0 
61.6 
38.4 

100.0 
95.9 
4.1 

(») 
(») 
(») 

100.0 
99.5 
0.5 


100.0 
66.5 
33.5 


Cheese. 


1909     1899 


100.0 
2.9 
97.1 


100.0 
18.3 
81.7 

100.0 
1.6 
98.4 

100.0 

1.0 

99.0 

(«) 
(») 
(«) 


100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
32.6 
67.4 


100.0 

5.5 

94.5 


100.0 
14.4 
85.6 

100.0 

2.5 

97.5 

100.0 
3.0 
97.0 

100.0 
12.3 

87.7 

100.0 
81.0 
19.0 

(«) 

s 

100.0 
71.0 
29.0 

(») 


100.0 
47.6 
52.4 


*  See  footnote  2,  Table  1,  p.  344. 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Table  5 


XTiUted  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central, 

Mountain 

Fadflc 


PEE  CENT  OF  UNITED  STATES  TOTAL. 


Total. 

1909 

1899 

100.0 

100.0 

(I) 

6.2 

10.2 

15.7 

26.2 

27.0 

27.5 

27.3 

(!) 

6.2 

(M 

(1) 

<\) 

6.0 

(^) 

(1) 

5.2 

3.7 

Made  on 
farms. 


1909  1899 


100.0 
4.1 

8.9 
23.2 
20.2 
12.4 
13.7 
12.9 
1.8 
2.8 


100.0 

4.8 
14.4 
26.9 
23.4 
8.3 
9.1 
8.2 
1.4 
3.4 


Made  in 
factories. 


1909  1899 


100.0 

0) 

12.3 

30.9 

39.0 

0) 

(1) 

('} 
0) 
9.1 


100.0 

9.7 
18.8 
27.5 
37.2 

0.9 
0) 

0.1 
(1) 

4.4 


Cheese. 


Total. 


1909  1899 


100.0 
1.1 
36 
56.3 
( 
( 


100.0 
2.3 
47.3 
40.3 
4.6 
0.2 

(1) 
0.2 

(>) 
3.4 


Made 


farms; 
1909 


100.0 

7.2 

20.3 

20.1 

5.0 

6.1 

1.0 

4.5 

4.9 

31.9 


Made 

in 
facto- 
ries: 
1909 


100.0 

1.0 

37.4 

67.4 

?! 


i|o 


>  Can  not  be  shown  separately,  as  to  do  so  would  disclose  Individual  operations. 
*  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Tables  9  and  10,  on  subsequent  pages  show,  by  states, 
statistics  of  the  dairy  products  of  farms,  and  the  quan- 
tity of  butter  and  cheese  made  in  factories,  with  the 
total  made  on  farms  and  in  factories.  In  1909  the  lead- 
ing dairy  states,  as  judged  by  the  total  value  of  the 
farm  production  (excluding  milk  and  cream  used  at 
home),  were  New  York,  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Illi- 
nois, Iowa,  Ohio,  Minnesota,  Michigan,  and  California, 
in  each  of  which  the  value  reported  exceeded 
$20,000,000.  In  the  production  of  butter  (on  farms 
and  ia  factories  combined)  Wisconsin  was  the  leading 
state,  followed  by  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Pennsylvania, 
Michigan,  Ohio,  Illinois,  and  New  York.     A  large  part 


2  Can  not  be  shown  separately,  as  to  do  so  would  disclose  Individual  operations. 

of  the  milk  produced  in  New  York  is  sold  for  consump- 
tion in  the  cities,  and  a  large  proportion  is  also  used 
in  making  cheese.  New  York  ranked  next  to  Wis- 
consin in  the  production  of  cheese,  and  in  no  other 
state  did  the  quantity  produced  equal  one-seventh 
of  that  reported  for  New  York.  In  the  combined 
production  of  butter  and  cheese  Wisconsin  led,  with 
279,992,000  pounds,  followed  by  New  York,  with 
174,944,000  pounds. 

Sales  of  dairy  prodncts,  by  divisions  and  states. — 
Table  6  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  quantity 
and  value  of  dairy  products  sold  by  farmers.  Sales 
of  butter  and  cheese  by  factories  are  not  shown,  as 
they  are  substantially  the  same  as  the  production. 

Comparisons  between  divisions  as  to  the  percentage 
which  mUk  sold  as  such — which  does  not  include  milk 
paid  for  on  the  basis  of  cream  or  butter  fat  content — 
forms  of  the  total  milk  produced  would  have  compara- 
tively little  significance.  As  shown  by  the  percent- 
ages in  Table  6,  there  are  wide  differences  among  the 
geographic  divisions  with  respect  to  the  ratio  which 
the  quantity  of  butter  and,  to  a  less  degree,  of  cheese, 
sold  bears  to  the  total  production.  In  the  North  and 
West  a  large  proportion  of  the  butter  made  on  farms 
is  sold,  the  percentages  in  1909  ranging  from  42,2  in 
the  Mountain  division  to  72.5  in  New  England.  In 
the  South  a  much  smaller  proportion  is  sold,  the  per- 
centages ranging  from  16.7  in  the  East  South  Central 
division  to  27.5  in  the  South  Atlantic.     In  a  majority 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 


347 


Table  6 


TTnlted  States: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received. 

New  England: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 

East  North  Centeal: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 

West  North  Central: 

Quantity  .sold 

Amount  received 

South  Atlantic: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 

East  South  Central: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 

West  South  Central: 

Quantity  sold 

Amoimt  received 

Mountain: 

Quantity  sold 

A  mount  received 

PAcmc: 

Quantity  sold 

Amount  received 


Amount 

received 

from  sales 

of  dairy 

products 

by  farmers: 

1909 


Milk  sold 

(gallons) : 

1909 


$473,769,412 


$47,538,217 


$122,989,049 


$138,401,771 


$84,390,336 


$17,137,738 


$9,301,281 


$11,922,158 


$10,141,383 
$3i,'947,"479 


1,937,255,864 
$252,436,757 


175,209,759 
$31,344,948 

750,556,634 
$93,644,462 

661,302,433 
$73,063,198 

144,537,918 
$18,214,700 

45,378,866 
$8,603,975 

22,593,^4 
$4,126,971 

21,070,626 
$4,700,646 

31,108,665 
$5,346,099 

85,497,749 
$13,391,758 


Cream  sold 

(gallons): 

1909 


54,933,583 
$37,655,047 


4,469,060 
$3,168,909 

2,446,696 
$1,713,979 

15,272,040 
$10,157,366 

22,599,643 
$14,530,377 

1,027,441 
$743,112 

368,959 
$265,754 

1,064,000 
$795,188 

1,549,881 
$1,230,340 

6,135,863 
$5,050,022 


Butter  fat 

sold 
(pounds): 

1909 


305,662,587 
$82,311,511 


14,599,430 
$4,413,631 

44,023,628 
$12,223,106 

85,099,734 
$23,128,671 

123,176,904 
$31,270,493 

505,904 
$125,727 

217,860 
$59,062 

4,465,810 
$1,015,068 

4,799,182 
$1,352,095 

28,774,135 
$8,723,658 


BUTTER  SOLD  BY 
FARMERS   (POUNDS). 


1909 


415,080,489 
$100,378,123 


29,528,001 
$8,533,864 

57,828,247 
$15,229,862 

135,159,149 
$31,855,809 

88,186,732 
$20,333,127 

33,888,871 
$7,622,916 

22,688,468 
$4,842,959 

24,321,179 
$5,381,690 

7,635,776 
$2,166,918 

15,844,067 
$4,410,978 


1899 


518,042,767 
$86,570,973 


38,854,031 
$8,193,207 

106,919,914 
$20,153,645 

162,381,475 
$24,820,189 

122,614,081 
$17,875,635 

24,432,566 
$4,214,943 

16,500,683 
$2,731,995 

15,745,423 
$2,499,218 

7,092,465 
$1,518,094 

23,502,129 
$4,564,047 


CHEESE  SOLD  BY 
TARMERS  (POUNDS). 


1909 


8,136,901 
$987,974 


591,008 
$76,865 

1,752,682 
$177,640 

1,718,462 
$196,727 

334,300 
$41,639 

385,920 
$42,008 

64,748 
$6,535 

270,967 
'  $29,566 

307,141 
$45,931 

2,711,673 
$371,063 


1899 


870,036 
$98,667 

3,358,354 
$306,052 

3,317,844 
$273,200 

1,331,797 
$126,771 

436,703 
$25,040 

77,591 

$7,847 

231,316 
$20,370 

554,371 
$61,123 

4.614,530 
$423,374 


BATIO  OF  SALES  TO  TOTAL 
PRODUCTION  (PEE  CENT). 


Butter. 


1909      1899 


41.7 


72.5 
65.5 
58.5 
43.8 
27.6 
16.7 
19.0 
42.2 
57.2 


48.3 


76.6 
69.1 
66.4 
48.8 
27.4 
16.9 
17.8 
47.7 
64.7 


1909     1890 


86.5 


87.7 
91.7 
9a9 
70.6 
80.3 
68.9 
63.8 
67.1 
90.4 


86.7 
95.8 
9L3 
79.1 
90.9 
56.6 
68.8 
76.9 
92.7 


of  the  divisions  a  smaller  proportion  was  sold  in  1909 
than  in  1899. 

In  total  value  of  dairy  products  sold  by  farmers  in 
1909,  the  East  North  Central  division  ranked  first, 
followed  by  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  West  North 
Central,  these  three  divisions  together  reporting  73 
per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 

Table  7  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  average 
value  per  gallon  or  per  pound  of  the  several  classes 
of  dairy  products  sold  by  farmers. 


Table  7 

AVEBAOE  VALTJX  OF  PRODUCTS  SOLD  BY  FARMERS. 

DIViaiON. 

Milk, 

gaUon: 
1909 

Cream, 

per 

gallon: 

1909 

Butter 

fat 

per 

pound: 

1909 

Butter,  per 
pound. 

Cheese,  per 
poona. 

190» 

18W 

1909 

1899 

TTnlted  States.... 
New  England 

$0,130 
0.179 
0.125 
0.110 
0.126 
0.190 

$0,685 
0.709 
0.701 
0.665 
0.643 
0.723 

$0,269 
0.302 
0.278 
0.272 
0.254 
0.249 
0.271 
0.227 
0.282 
0.303 

$0,242 
0.289 
0.263 
0.236 
0.231 
0.225 
0.213 
0.221 
0.284 
0.278 

$0,167 
0.211 
0.188 
0.153 
0.146 
0.173 
0.166 
0.159 
0.214 
0.194 

$0,121 
0.130 
0.101 
0.114 
0.125 
0.109 
0.101 
0.109 
0.150 
0.137 

$0,091 
0.113 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central. . . . 
Soutn  Atlantic 

0.091 
0.082 
0.095 
0.057 

East  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central.... 
Mountain 

0.183       0.720 
0.223       0.747 
0.172       0.794 
0.157  1    0.S23 

0.101 
0.088 
0.110 

Ptwiflc 

0.094 

The  average  value  of  butter  sold  by  farmers  in  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  was  24.2  cents  per  pound 
in  1909,  as  compared  with  16.7  cents  in  1899,  an 
increase  of  44.9  per  cent.  In  1909  the  average  value 
was  highest  in  New  England,  28.9  cents,  and  lowest 
in  the  East  South  Central  division,  21.3  cents.  The 
average  value  of  cheese  sold  increased  from  9.1  cents 
per  pound  in  1899  to  12.1  cents  in  1909,  or  33  per 
cent.  In  the  latter  year  the  average  ranged  from  10.1 
cents  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  East  South  Central 
divisions  to  15  cents  in  the  Mountain  division. 

Table  8  shows,  by  states,  the  sales  of  dairy  products. 


Table  8 


TTnlted  Statei 

N.  England: 

Maine 

N.  Hampshire 

Vermont. 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut.. 
Mid.  Atlantic: 

New  York . . . 

New  Jersey.. 

Pennsylvania 
E.  N.  Cent.: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan... 

Wisconsin.. 
W.N.  Cent.: 

Minnesota.. 

Iowa 

Missouri . . . 

N.  Dakota  . . . 

8.  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

S.  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  of  Col... 

Virginia 

W.Virginia.. 

N.Carolina... 

S.  Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  S.  Cent.: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee.... 

Alabama 

Mississippi... 
W.  S.  Cent.: 

Arkansas 

Loui.siana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wvoming. . . . 

Colorado 

New  Mexico. . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Wash 

Oregon 

Caiuomia 


473,769,4121,937,255,864 


SALES  of  SPECIFIED  OAIBY  PBODUCTS  BY  FARMERS:  1909 


Receipts 
from  sales 
(dollars). 


Milk 
(gallons). 


54,933,683 


6,722,779 
5,130,057 
11,501,577 
14,840,927 
2,017,444 
7,325,433 

74,939,815 
9,685,352 
38,363,882 

25,674,635 
12,768,710 
26,720,849 
22,099,178 
51,238,399 

25,214,222 
26,429,743 
8,187,850 
2,876,298 
4,501,430 
7,631,658 
9,549,129 

966,173 
4,784,232 

116,116 
3,772,617 
2,532,324 
1,787,245 

626,305 
1,974,011 

578,715 

3,729,237 
3,211,978 
1,358,504 
1,001,562 

1,505,882 
1,588,338 
3,366,515 
5,461,423 

1,646,693 
1,379,390 

338,925 
3,407,723 

434,199 

842,210 
1,648,655 

443,588 

7,693,479 
5,170,703 
19,083,297 


12,784,866 
21,132,268 
33,998,934 
64,496,692 
8,796,847 
34,000,152 

524,279,723 

56,8.50,550 
169,420,361 

99,430,948 
32,562,414 

158,031,333 
74,025,769 

297,251,969 

53,181,785 
55,241,511 
15,733,185 
1,644,150 
2,385,781 
6,500,380 
9,851,126 

4,425,909 
19,424,325 

339,345 
8,577,893 
4,050,741 
2,380,029 

919,745 
3,872,098 
1,388,781 

10,415,482 
6,814,209 
3,397,426 
1,966,097 

3,952,322 
4,501,119 
3,626,217 
8,990,968 

3,684,689 
2,060,111 
1,377,607 
10,037,067 
1,036,922 
3,347,723 
8,471,713 
1,192,833 

25,524,209 
14,640,108 
45,333,432 


Cream 
(gallons). 


737,706 
380,944 
2,353,686 
501,876 
42,421 
452,427 

1,207,174 

79,485 

1,100,037 

2,191,997 
1,347,660 
2,104,352 
2,485,061 
7,142,970 

5,756,165 
8,062,449 
1,399,989 
834, 103 
2,232,961 
1,952,908 
2,361,008 

25,809 
455,490 


302,217 
104,696 
21,329 
11,282 
97,564 
9,048 

159,016 
145,976 
28,385 
35,582 

53,302 
32,433 
526,193 
452,072 

274,979 
319,542 

46,680 

440,257 

9,679 

37,744 
270,225 
150,775 

1,911,261 

827,541 

3,397,061 


Butter  fat 
(pounds). 


305,662,687 


4,060,344 
566,229 
7,756,395 
1,148,019 
5,347 
1,063,096 

36,249,617 

249,557 

7,524,454 

7,563,527 
6,361,831 
4,637,745 
18,287,691 
48,248,940 

40,414,151 
42,917,696 
4,927,383 
2,185,377 
5,776,689 
12,371,699 
14,583,909 

18, 149 
343, 148 


97,558 
8,421 
9,224 
10,023 
17,286 
2,095 

154,427 
32,345 
21,744 
9,344 

74,607 

7,073 

3,137,112 

1,247,018 

652,097 

1,191,867 

67,303 

1,087,681 

11,248 

665,850 

914, 133 

209,003 


Butter    I  Cheese 
(pounds),  (iwunds). 


416,080,489  8,136,901 


8,389,817 
3,510,593 
12,892,124 
2,220,311 
177,322 
2,337,834 

12,630,113 
2,003,029 
43,195,iai 

39,252,326 
24,715,894 
24,442,251 
30,010,783 
16,737,895 

18,016,409 
17,917,387 
14,64(i,771 
7,019,169 
5,941,092 
11,652,068 
12,993,836 

1,024,945 
5,082,228 
1,800 
7,983,430 
7,077,664 
5,670,590 
1,752,209 
4,385,354 
310,651 

8,421,827 
9,009,307 
2,805,021 
2,452,313 

3,694,311 
1,019,420 
7,465,824 
12,141,624 

1,234,263 
1,417,663 
461,952 
2,914,143 
410,634 
120,951 
919,581 
156,588 


4,386,283  3,112,326 
5,211,133  2,446,158 
19,176,719  10,285,583 


94,244 
168,706 
238,319 

32,490 
2,176 

55,075 

334,301 

42,462 

1,375,919 

518,650 

39,858 

54,502 

284,028 

821,426 

79,045 
61,160 
104,539 
9,974 
7,380 
55,528 
16,674 

200 
251,071 


41,612 
55,363 
28,982 
8,415 
165 
112 

38,851 
11,883 
2,435 
11,579 

8,496 
180,976 
11,765 
69,730 

44,571 
61,203 

6,435 
56,413 
24,918 
50,181 
62,065 

1,355 

43,530 

154,328 

2,513,816 


348 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS  OF  FARMS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


Table  9 


DrVISION  OB  STATI. 


TTnlted  States... 

Oboobafbic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

Mew  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

MiDDtE  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware , 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia, 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama , 

Mississippi , 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma. 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico , 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total  value, 

excluding 

home  use  of 

milk  and 

cream: 

1909 


1696,413,463 

50, 720, 766 
130,772,563 
159,673,557 
108,824,533 
35,578,455 
30,200,917 
32,394,027 
12,991,603 
35,257,042 


079,692 
589,711 
128,465 
187, 774 
065,941 
669,183 

807, 161 
156,600 
808,802 


666,374 
542,209 
727,638 
868,028 

219,406 
196,883 
685,318 
872,304 
192,608 
566,275 
091, 739 

089,497 
480,900 
117,335 
704,326 
000,138 
789,583 
800,605 
,631,585 
974,486 

,055,813 
,715,441 
,396,198 
,033,465 

,587,428 
,761,380 
,365,295 
,679,924 

,093,594 
,962,500 

539,423 
,174,270 

726,692 

909,411 
,067,634 

518, 179 

,746,041 
,067,024 
,443,977 


Milk  reported 

(gallons): 

1909 


6,813,699,474 

347,872,803 

1,001,269,989 

1,564,282,966 

1,266,991,620 

418,843,384 

400,476,525 

416,401,603 

116,468,996 

281,091,588 


66,026,334 
35,033,153 
114,317,169 
86,304,347 
10,441,951 
45, 749, 849 

597,363,198 

67,698,219 

336,208,572 

307,590,755 
194,736,962 
320,240,399 
283,387,201 
458,327,649 

273,319,603 
318,954,506 
188,297,972 
70,637,899 
82,428,514 
160,610,359 
172,742,767 

7,859,857 
41,094,421 
555,342 
95,555,051 
71,230,033 
82,601,779 
37,361,666 
74,908,776 

7,676,459 

125,566,917 
117,101,970 
78,728,345 
79,079,293 

83,081,876 
32, 702, 130 
103,677,644 
197,039,964 

16,982,145 
20,861,072 

6,453,634 
33,631,723 

6,815,942 

6,881,608 
20,486,317 

4,356,555 

70,083,033 
56,106,599 
154,901,956 


BUTTER  MADE. 


Quantity  (pounds). 


1909 


994, 650, 610 

40,732,783 
88,242,228 
230,966,876 
201,172,278 
123,270,552 
136,239,873 
128, 188, 799 
18,115,811 
27,721,410 


13,299,229 
5,065,188 

15,166,692 

3,364,516 

339,607 

3,498,551 

23,461,702 
3,622,411 
61, 158, 115 

63,669,132 
43,181,817 
46,609,992 
50,405,426 
27,200,509 

34,708,669 
38,679,568 
42, 105, 143 
16,414,439 
13,629,647 
26,986,931 
29,647,881 

1,563,161 
8,739,620 
6,165 
26,651,244 
18,969,699 
26,059,685 
12,329,667 
27,246,247 
1,706,274 

38,130,687 
39,827,906 
29,550,695 
28,730,685 

29,907,337 
6,232,006 
27,056,242 
64,993,214 

2,820,674 
3,542,135 
1, 192, 122 
5,856,132 
1,477,617 

325,980 
2,497,366 

403,885 

6,751,575 
5,667,964 
15,301,871 


1899 


1,071,626,056 


51,454,627 

154,829,824 

287,878,290 

251,226,460 

89,111,226 

97,541,277 

88,382,053 

14,869,383 

36,332,916 


16, 174, 173 
6,385,611 

18,834,706 

4, 980, 262 

488,086 

4,591,789 

74,714,376 
6,894,363 
74,221,086 

79,561,299 
61,042,396 
62,493,450 
60,051,998 
44, 739, 147 

41,188,846 
61,789,288 
45,509,110 
9,178,815 
17,400,970 
34,518,659 
41,640,772 

1,629,949 

9,096,662 
3,478 
19,905,830 
16,913,129 
16,913,802 

8,150,437 
15,111,494 

1,386,445 

30,446,381 
29,091,696 
19,121,964 
18,881,236 

21,686,258 

4,918,229 

>  13,887,074 

47,991,492 

2,464,072 
2,620,316 

888,554 
4,932,482 

313,003 

379,311 
2,812,122 

569,523 

7,372,106 

8,107,460 

20,853,360 


Value: 
1909 


9222,861,440 


11,704,089 
22,996,544 
63, 108, 927 
44,748,964 
26,054,617 
25,739,427 
25,838,628 
4,992,172 
7,678,172 


3,786,054 
1,509,706 
4,185,028 
1,041,482 
104, 161 
1,077,658 


1,059,935 
15,668,223 

14,306,607 
9,402,994 
10,493,217 
11,805,872 
7,101,237 

8,593,233 
9,061,041 
8,744,025 
3,508,579 
3,024,509 
5,385,494 
6,432,083 

400,428 
2,010,106 
1,754 
5,683,060 
4,054,498 
5,213,783 
2,662,561 
5,636,255 

492, 172 

7,117,905 
7,392,901 
5,657,610 
5,571,011 

5,883,584 
1,430,059 
6,613,253 
12,911,632 

811, 792 
982,397 
331,021 
1,565,224 
402,263 
105,347 
672, 479 
121,649 

1,992,249 
1,599,931 
4,085,992 


CHEESE  MADE. 


Quantity  (pounds). 


1909 


9,406,864 


673,866 

1,910,649 

1,891,208 

473,196 

480,805 

93,971 

424,482 

457,740 

3,000,048 


118,216 
180,996 
245,884 

45,753 
3,860 

79, 156 

390,049 

77,824 

1,442,676 

613,233 
63,619 
81,918 
291, 176 
841,262 

106,076 
78,538 

159, 785 
22,754 
14,344 
63,773 
27,927 

700 
259,386 


97,263 
70,473 
39,353 
12,909 
399 
322 

56,148 
18,592 
5,528 
13, 703 

20,435 
190,089 

18,968 
194,990 

49,988 
90,675 
10,276 
69,895 
81,869 
60,690 
84, 102 
10, 245 

62,970 

169, 205 

2,777,873 


1899 


16,372,318 


1,003,103 

3,506,096 

3,636,013 

1,684,109 

480,448 

137,327 

336, 113 

720,596 

4,868,613 


425, 102 
104,339 
406,669 

19,629 
6,751 

40,623 

2,624,552 

24,377 

857, 167 

.1,167,001 

178, 733 

323,485 

331, 176 

1,635,618 

290,623 
306,428 
323,439 
70,881 
136,863 
264,430 
291,446 

104 
338,453 


31,697 
74,243 
28,883 
1,081 
2,236 
3,751 

45,769 
26,622 
36,374 
28,572 

18,385 
135, 104 
146,491 
136,133 

30,924 
196,952 

24,327 
103, 184 

68,571 

33,305 
169,'251 

94,082 

161,669 

467,266 

4,249,588 


» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS.  349 

FACTORY  PRODUCTION  AND  TOTAL  PRODUCTION  OF  BUTTER  AND  CHEESE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


Table  lO 


DIVISION  OB  STATE. 


TTalted  States*. . . 
Geooeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central., 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Centbal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska. 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Bast  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  Soxtth  Centbal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Moxtntain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Or^on 

California 


BUTTEE  AND  CHEESE  MADE  IN  FACTOEIE3. 


Butter  (pounds). 


liNW 


624,764,653 


(«) 
77,150,290 
193,171,121 
243,551,928 
0) 
(•) 
(») 
0) 
67,068,701 


2,106,622 
1,740,235 
20,227,495 
1,888,307 
0) 
1,960,036 

45,897,216 

768,857 

30,484,217 

17,491,251 
11,712,450 
24,570,976 
36,511,700 
103,884,684 

88,842,846 
88,582,187 
10,261,876 
3,683,679 
9,495,608 
23,973,162 
18,712,568 

627,300 
1,118,530 


158,863 
(0 


78,058 


549,929 
0) 


360,834 
(«) 

4,110,978 
2,133,590 

1,307,777 
2,357,386 
783,585 
6,351,691 
0) 

1,053,869 
3,722,784 
1,039,784 

11,302,591 
8,472,660 
37,283,450 


1899 


420,126,646 


40,577,569 
79,156,526 
115,330,640 
156,406,307 
3,772,086 
(«) 

474,489 
0) 
18,320,915 


4,461,399 
6,034,270 
22,453,381 
4,591,919 
148,195 
3,888,406 

40,693,846 

1,325,519 

37, 137, 161 

8,087,631 
3,553,483 

34,055,312 
7,820,712 

61,813,502 

41,174,409 
77,233,264 

1,440,616 
463,188 

6, 172, 107 
11,726,180 
18,196,483 


2,541,716 


170,621 
41,000 


48,960 


184,663 
207,823 
17,357 
0) 

168,575 


» 53, 200 
252,714 

34,238 
432,570 
0) 
1,566,639 


424,083 

2,519,214 

623,402 

3,198,421 
1,975,357 
13,147,137 


Clieese  (pounds). 


1909 


311,126,317 


3,002,744 
116,428,935 
178,532,241 

0) 

(») 


(') 
6,206,883 


66,691 

184,497 

2,782,666 


106,194,898 

11,234,037 

11,860,601 

424,597 

4,799,235 

13,382,160 

148,085,648 

2,736,883 
999,559 
219,112 
(>) 


n,122 
0) 

0) 


0) 
0) 


0) 
0) 


(0 

(1) 

550,622 


421,043 
1,060,122 


422,290 
4,218,953 
1,567,640 


1899 


281,972,324 


5,955,597 

137,753,475 

116,643,076 

11,982,895 

112,860 

(') 

137,268 
(>) 
6,354,234 


553,948 

116,741 

4,713,105 

250,542 


321,263 

127,386,032 

100,000 

10,267,443 

18,156,527 
1,260,168 
9,055,119 
10,422,582 
77,748,680 

3,285,019 

4,242,637 

1,072,751 

225,399 

420,779 

313,600 

2,422,710 

16,000 


67,000 
40,860 


28,000 
8,201 
10,000 
0) 

12,600 


» 66, 378 
68,290 


194,380 
(') 
1,465,257 


373,752 

1,874, 17C 

80,150 

1,482,127 
1,195,564 
2,676,543 


BUTTEE  AND  CHEESE  MADE  ON  FABMS  AND  IN  FACTORIES. 


Butter  (pounds). 


1909 


1,61»,41&,263 


(0 

165,392,518 
424,137,997 
444,724,204 

(1) 

0) 

(>) 

(') 
84,780,111 


15,404,861 
6,805,423 

35,393,187 
5,252,823 
(') 
5,449,486 

69,358,918 
4,391,268 
91,642,332 

81,060,383 
54,894,267 
71,180,968 
85,917,188 
131,065,193 

123,551,615 
127,261,755 
52,367,019 
20,098,118 
23,125,256 
49,960,093 
48,360,449 

2,190,461 

9,858,150 

6,156 

26,810,097 

0) 

26,059,586 

12,329,567 

27,324,306 

1,705,274 

38,880,616 
39,827,906 

0) 
28,730,885 

30,268,171 

(') 
31,167,220 
67,126,804 

4,128,351 
5,899,521 
1,975,707 
12,207,823 
0) 

1,379,849 
6,220,150 
1,443,660 

18,054,166 
14,140,624 
52,585,321 


1899 


1,491,752,602 


92,032,196 
233,986,350 
403,208,930 
407,632,767 

92,883,312 

(1) 
88,856,642 

(») 
64,653,831 


20,635,672 
11,419,881 
41,288,087 

9,572,181 
636,281 

8,480,194 

115,408,222 

7,219,882 

111,358,248 

87,638,930 
54,595,879 
86,648,762 
67,872,710 
106,552,649 

82,363,315 
139,022,562 
46,949,726 
9,642,003 
23,573,077 
46,244,839 
59,837,255 

2,599,838 
11,838,378 
3,478 
20,076,351 
16,954,129 
16,913,802 

8,150,437 
16,160,454 

1,388,446 

30,631,044 
29,299,519 
19,139,321 
0) 

21,753,833 

4,918,229 

» 13, 940, 274 

48,244,206 

2,488,310 
2,952,886 
(0 

6,499,121 

313,003 

803,394 

5,331,336 

1,192,925 

10,570,527 
10,082,807 
34,000,497 


Cheese  (iwunds). 


1909 


320,632,181 


3,676,609 

118,339,484 

180,423,449 

0) 

0) 

93,971 
(>) 
0) 
9,206,931 


173,807 

365,493 

3,008,540 

45,753 

3,860 

79,156 

105,584,947 

77,824 

12,676,713 

12,473,834 

488,216 

4,881,153 

13,673,336 

148,906,910 

2,841,958 
1,078,097 
378,897 
(') 
14,344 
140,895 
(') 

(') 
259,386 


0) 

0) 

39,353 

12,909 

399 

322 

58,148 
18,592 
5,628 
13,703 

20,436 
0) 

18,968 
(') 

49,988 
0) 

620,517 
81,869 

481,733 

1,144,224 

10,245 

475,260 
4,388,158 
4,345,513 


*  See  footnote  2,  Table  1,  p.  344. 


I  Can  not  be  shown  separately,  as  to  do  so  would  disclose  individual  operations. 


•  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


350 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


WOOL  AND  MOHAIR. 


Wool  production  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole: 
1909  and  1899.— The  reports  of  the  enumerators  at 
both  the  Twelfth  and  the  Thirteenth  Censuses  were 
somewhat  deficient  with  respect  to  wool  production, 
and  it  has  been  deemed  necessary  to  make  estunates 
to  cover  this  deficiency.^  Table  11  shows  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  the  actual  returns  of  the 
Thirteenth  Census  and  the  estimated  totals  for  1909 
and  1899,  respectively. 


Table  11 


Sheep  of  shearing  age  on 

lanns  April  15, 1910 

Wool    produced,  as    re- 
ported, 1909 

On    farms    reporting 
sheep  April  15, 1910.. 

On  other  arms 

Total  production  of  wool 
(partly  estimated): 
1909 

Increase,  1899  to  1909 ». . 
Per  cent  of  increase ' . 


Num- 
ber of 
farms 
reiwrt- 
ing. 


598,047 

458,311 

423,580 
34,731 


Shee^  of 
shearing 


39,644,046 


31,636,132 


WOOL  PRODUCED. 


Fleeces. 


35,336,830 

33,849,587 
1,487,243 


42,320,580 

43,999,229 

-1,678,649 

-3.8 


Weight 
(poimds). 


241,882,318 

232,357,180 
9,525,132 


289,419,977 

276,567,584 

12,852,393 

4.6 


Value. 


$54,964,020 

52,708,093 
2,255,927 


65,472,328 

45,670,053 

19,802,275 

43.4 


1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

According  to  the  returns  there  were  on  April  15, 1910, 
598,047  farms  with  sheep  of  shearing  age,  the  number 
of  such  sheep  being  39,644,000.  Of  these  farms,  how- 
ever, there  were  only  423,580,  with  31,636,000  sheep  of 
shearing  age,  for  which  the  enumerators  reported  the 
production  of  any  wool  in  1909.  The  number  of  fleeces 
reported  for  these  farms  was  33,850,000.  The  enumer- 
ators reported  also  the  production  of  1,487,000  fleeces 


in  1909  on  34,731  farms  with  no  sheep  of  shearing  age 
April  15,  1910.  The  total  number  of  fleeces  reported 
was  thus  35,337,000. 

It  is  believed  that  a  much  closer  approximation  to 
the  true  total  can  be  obtained  by  an  estimate  based  on 
the  assumption  that  the  entire  production  of  wool  in 
1909  bore  the  same  relation  to  the  entire  number  of 
sheep  of  shearing  age  on  April  15,  1910,  as  the  produc- 
tion of  wool  on  those  farms  reporting  both  production 
and  sheep  bore  to  the  number  of  sheep  reported  on 
such  farms.  On  the  basis  of  such  an  estimate,  the 
total  production  of  wool  in  1909  was  42,321,000  fleeces. 
The  production  in  1899,  also  in  part  estimated  at  that 
time,  was  43,999,000  fleeces,  so  that  there  was  a 
decrease  of  1,679,000  fleeces,  or  3.8  per  cent.  Never- 
theless, the  estimated  total  weight  increased  from 
276,568,000  pounds  in  1899  to  289,420,000  in  1909, 
or  4.6  per  cent,  and  the  reported  average  weight  per 
fleece  increased  from  6.3  pounds  to  6.8  pounds. 

The  value  of  the  wool  clip  increased  from  $45,670,000 
in  1899  to  $65,472,000  in  1909,  or  43.4  per  cent.  The 
average  value  per  pound  rose  from  17  to  23  cents,  and 
the  average  value  per  fleece  from  $1.04  to  $1.55. 

Wool  production,  by  divisions  and  states:  1909  and 
1899. — Table  12  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the 
number  of  fleeces  of  wool  actually  reported  and  the 
estimated  total  number  produced  in  1909.  Compari- 
sons of  the  reported  production  and  the  estimated  total 
production  will  show  that  in  some  geographic  divisions 
the  returns  of  the  enumerators  were  much  more  nearly 
complete  than  in  others. 


— ^- 

Table  12 

WOOL  PBODUCXD,  AS  REPORTED:  190» 

DmsiON. 

AGE  APRIL  15, 

1910 

Total. 

On  farms  reporting  sheep 
April  15, 1910. 

On  farms  not 
reporting  sheep 
AprU  15, 1910. 

Total 

production 

of  wool, 

partly 

estimated 

(fleeces): 

1909 

Famw 
report- 
ing. 

Number 

of 

sheep. 

Farms 
report- 
ing. 

Fleeces. 

Farms 
report- 
ing. 

Number  of 
sheep  of 
shearing 
age  Apnl 
15, 1910. 

Fleeces. 

Farms 
report- 
ing. 

Fleeces. 

United  States      

598,047 

19,888 
50,281 
218,693 
103,227 
74,765 
85,835 
18,742 
15,027 
11,589 

39,644,046 

306,443 
1,260,455 
0,534,854 
3,524,749 
1,552,698 
1,513,833 
1,662,445 
19,509,675 
3,778,894 

458,311 

16,565 

42,771 

178,768 

72,959 

58,737 

60,992 

11,062 

8,218 

8,239 

35,336,830 

298,362 
1,197,730 
6,110,086 
2,828,460 
1,335,639 
1,217,989 
1,854,732 
16,074,406 
4,419,426 

423,580 

15,038 

39,205 

166,425 

66,072 

54,896 

56,279 

10,290 

7,769 

7,606 

31,636,132 

264,889 
1,098,357 
5,512,231 
2,519,677 
1,270,6.37 
1,108,185 
1,282,979 
15,369,378 
3,209,799 

33,849,587 

277,399 
1,126,133 
5,726,760 
2,561,904 
1,274,292 
1,144,184 
1,781,254 
15,692,354 
4,265,317 

34,731 

1,527 

3,566 

12,343 

6,887 

3,841 

4,713 

772 

449 

033 

1,487,243 

20,903 
71,597 
383,336 
266,556 
61,347 
73,805 
73,478 
382,052 
154, 109 

42,320,680 

320,647 
1,292,189 
6,780,541 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

3,588,936 

South  Atlantic 

1,560,105 
1,56.3,103 
2,293,160 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

19,910,938 
5,010,961 

Pacific 

Table  13,  on  the  following  page,  shows,  by  divi- 
sions, the  amounts   and  percentages  of  increase  or 


decrease  in  the  estimated  total  wool  production  from 
1899  to  1909. 


'  There  are  various  reasons  for  this  failure  of  the  enumerators  to 
report  the  entire  wool  production.  In  some  cases  enumerators 
reported  the  number  of  sheep  and  neglected  to  report  the  wool 
produced  in  1909.  In  other  cases,  farmers  who  did  not  have  sheep 
in  1910  did  have  some  in  1909,  and  it  can  not  be  assumed  that  the 
wool  produced  by  such  sheep  in  1909  was  in  all  cases  reported,  for 
the  enumerator,  after  ascertaining  that  the  farmer  had  no  sheep  in 
1910,  might  neglect  the  subsequent  inquiry  as  to  wool  produced  in 
1909.  The  number  of  farms  which  reported  the  production  of 
wool  in  1909  but  no  sheep  on  hand  on  April  15,  1910,  was  less  than 
one-fourth  of  the  number  which  reported  sheep  in  1910  but  no  wool 
production  in  1909.    Again,  particularly  in  the  case  of  tenant 


farms,  the  farmer  who  occupied  a  farm  at  the  time  of  the  enumera- 
tion might  not  have  occupied  the  same  farm  the  preceding  year. 
In  cases  of  this  sort  the  new  occupant  of  the  farm  would  be  fairly 
well  able  to  estimate  the  production  of  crops,  from  the  acreage  of 
stubble,  but  would  often  hesitate  to  make  an  estimate  for  the  wool. 
In  making  the  estimate  of  the  total  production  of  wool  which  is 
presented  in  the  table  no  account  was  taken  of  the  1,487,000  fleeces 
reported  as  produced  in  1909  on  farms  with  no  sheep  of  shearing 
age  in  1910,  for  this  figure  represents  the  wool  production  of  only 
a  part  of  the  sheep  which  the  estimate  is  designed  to  cover. 
Estimates  were  made  for  the  several  states,  and  combined  to  make 
the  totals  for  geographic  divisions  and  the  United  States. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 


351 


There  was  a  decrease  between  1899  and  1909  in  the 
number  of  fleeces  produced  in  each  of  the  divisions 
except  the  West  North  Central  and  Mountain  divi- 
sions. The  percentage  of  decrease  was  greatest  in  the 
New  England  division  and  next  greatest  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic,  while  the  absolute  decrease  in  number  of 
fleeces  was  greatest  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division. 
In  the  Mountain  division,  which  produced  nearly  half 
of  the  total  wool  clip  of  1909,  the  increase  in  that 
year  as  compared  with  1899  was  4.4  per  cent.  The 
percentages  of  increase  or  decrease  in  the  weight  of 
wool  produced  differ  considerably  from  those  based  on 
the  number  of  fleeces.  In  every  division  except  the 
New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  there  was  a  con- 
siderable increase  between  1899  and  1909  in  the 
value  of  wool  produced,  the  increase  in  average 
value  per  pound  more  than  offsetting  the  decrease  in 
the  quantity  produced  in  four  of  the  divisions. 


Table  13 

mcBKASS :  >  1899  to  1909 

DIVISION. 

Fleeces. 

Weight. 

Value. 

Nmnber. 

Per 
cent. 

Founds. 

Per 
OKlt. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

United  States 

New  England     

-1,678, 649 

-282,194 
-776,851 
-583,675 

185,529 

-234,879 

-89,831 

-176,667 

846,212 
-687,403 

-8.8 

-45.0 
-37.6 
-7.9 
6.5 
-13.1 
-5.4 
-7.1 
4.4 
-10.6 

12,862,893 

-1,551,190 

-5,032,373 

-2,799,077 

2,270,470 

-1,216,184 

-412,891 

208,018 

22,640,950 

-1,256,330 

4.6 

-43.6 

-37.1 

-6.4 

10.1 

-16.4 

-6.3 

L9 

1&6 

-3.4 

819, 802, 276 

-168,644 

-308,667 

3,603,550 

2,148,014 

366,325 

361,896 

760,388 

11,039,843 

2,020,671 

43.4 

—22.7 

Middle  Atlantic 

-11.0 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

33.8 
64.0 
22.2 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

27.1 
46.2 
60.8 

Pacific 

42.8 

A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Table  14  shows  for  1909  and  1899,  in  percentages, 
the  distribution  of  the  total  number  of  fleeces  pro- 
duced among  the  geographic  divisions,  and  also  the 
average  weight  per  fleece,  the  average  value  per  fleece, 
and  the  average  value  per  pound,  in  each  division. 


Table  14 

DIVISION. 

PER  CEKT 
DISTRIBUTION 
OF  NUMBER 
OF  FLEECES. 

AVERAGE 

WEIGHT  PER 

FLEECE. 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

FLEECE. 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

POUND. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

TTnlted  States.... 

100.0 

0.8 
3.1 
16.0 
8.5 
3.7 
3.7 
5.4 
47.0 
11.8 

100.0 
1.3 

4.7 
16.7 
7.7 
4.1 
3.8 
5.6 
43.3 
12.7 

6.8 

6.3 
6.6 
7.2 
6.9 
4.3 
3.9 
5.0 
7.3 
7.2 

6.3 

6.1 
6.6 
7.0 
6.6 
4.4 
4.0 
4.5 
6.4 
6.7 

$1.66 

1.79 
1.93 
2.11 
1.71 
1.25 
1.05 
1.07 
1.47 
1.36 

81.04 

1.28 
1.35 
1.45 
1.17 
0.89 
0.78 
0.68 
0.95 
0.84 

80.226 

0.286 
0.292 
0.293 
0.248 
0.293 
0.269 
0.215 
0.201 
0.187 

80.168 

0.209 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central... 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . . 
West  South  Central. . . 

MonntAin 

0.207 
0.207 
0.177 
0.203 
0.198 
0.151 
0. 148 

Pacific 

0.127 

The  distribution  of  the  number  of  fleeces  naturally 
conforms  approximately  to  the  distribution  of  the  num- 
ber of  sheep.  In  1909  the  Mountain  division  produced 
47  per  cent  of  the  total  estimated  number  of  fleeces; 
the  East  North  Central  16  per  cent;  and  the  Pacific 
11.8  per  cent.  These  three  divisions  together  contrib- 
uted substantially  three-fourths  of  the  total  number. 

The  average  weight  of  fleeces  in  1909  was  higher  in 
the  three  geographic  divisions  just  named  than  in  any 
of  the  other  divisions,  and  decidedly  lower  in  the  three 


southern  divisions  than  elsewhere.  The  extreme  range 
was  from  7.3  pounds  per  fleece  in  the  Mountain  divi- 
sion to  3.9  pounds  in  the  East  South  Central.  The 
average  weight  was  greater  in  1909  than  in  1899  in  six 
of  the  divisions;  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South 
Central  divisions  it  was  shghtly  lower;  and  in  the 
Middle  Atlantic  there  was  no  change. 

The  average  value  of  wool  per  pound  in  1909,  as 
reported  by  the  producers,  was  lowest  (18.7  cents)  in  the 
Pacific  division.  The  maximum  value  (29.3  cents)  is 
shown  for  the  East  North  Central  and  South  Atlantic 
divisions.  The  average  value  per  pound  increased 
materially  in  each  of  the  geographic  divisions  between 
1899  and  1909.  In  1909  the  average  value  per  fleece 
was  lowest  ($1.05)  in  the  East  South  Central  division 
and  highest  ($2.11)  in  the  East  North  Central. 

Table  15,  which  appears  on  the  following  page, 
shows  that  in  1909  the  leading  states  in  the  production 
of  wool  were  Wyoming,  Montana,  New  Mexico,  Ohio, 
California,  Idaho,  Oregon,  and  Texas  in  the  order 
named,  each  of  these  states  having  reported  more 
than  2,000,000  fleeces. 

Mohair  and  goat  hair:  1909  and  1899. — Table  15 
shows  also  the  reported  number  of  fleeces,  and  the 
weight  and  value  of  mohair  and  goat  hair  produced 
in  1909  and  1899,  respectively,  by  geographic  divi- 
sions and  states. 

The  reports  for  the  production  of  mohair  are  pre- 
sumably about  as  defective  as  those  for  wool.  The 
agricultural  schedules,  however,  on  account  of  the 
minor  importance  of  goats,  did  not  distinguish  them 
by  age,  and  it  is  scarcely  possible  to  approximate  the 
total  production  of  mohair  from  the  number  of  goats 
and  kids  of  all  ages  taken  together.  In  many  sections 
of  the  country  the  number  of  goats  on  farms  is  insig- 
nificant and  a  considerable  proportion  of  those  which 
are  kept  are  not  shorn  for  mohair;  consequently  the 
production  of  mohair  in  several  of  the  geographic 
divisions  is  of  little  significance. 

The  total  reported  production  of  mohair  in  1909 
was  1,683,000  fleeces,  or  more  than  three  and  one-half 
times  as  many  as  were  reported  in  1899.  The  re- 
ported weight  of  the  mohair  was  3,779,000  pounds, 
and  the  value,  $902,000.  It  is  noteworthy  that  the 
average  value  of  mohair  per  pound  was  somewhat 
lower  in  1909  than  in  1899,  so  that,  although  the  aver- 
age weight  per  fleece  increased  shghtly  during  the 
decade,  the  average  value  per  fleece  decreased. 

More  than  three-fifths  of  the  mohair  reported  in 
1909  was  produced  in  the  West  South  Central  divi- 
sion, and  nearly  all  of  the  remainder  in  the  Mountain 
and  Pacific  divisions.  The  number  of  fleeces  pro- 
duced in  the  West  South  Central  division  was  over 
five  times  as  great  in  1909  as  in  1899,  and  in  the 
Mountain  division  over  three  times  as  great.  Very 
high  relative  increases  also  appear  in  some  of  the 
divisions  where  the  number  of  fleeces  produced  is  still 
very  small. 


352 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

PRODUCTION  OF  WOOL  AND  MOHAIR,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


Table  15 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


TTnlted  States 

GEOGRAPHIC  DIVS.: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic. . 
East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 
South  Atlantic — 
East  South  Central 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


SHEEP  OF  SHEARINO 
AGE. 


April  15, 
1910 


39,644.046 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire... 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dalcota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentuclcy 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


306,443 
1,260,455 
6,534,854 
3,524,749 
1,552,098 
1,513,833 
1,662,445 
19,509,675 
3,778,894 


149,934 
31,201 

84,3601 

22,699 

4,206 

14,043 

606,119 

16,795 

637,541 

2,890,163 
812,427 
658,484 

1,545,241 
628,539 

452,071 
769,917 
1,116,189 
241,392 
501,041 
240, 116 
204,023 

4,415 
126,251 


Junel, 
1900 


39,858,967 


563,217 
1,970,362 
6,900,190 
3,155,531 
1,706,199 
1,489,730 
1,839,118 
17,984,275 
4,244,345 


WOOL  PRODUCED  (PARTLY  ESTIMATED). 


Fleeces. 


1909 


48,320,580 


252,213 
65,318 

182, 167 

33,869 

6,629 

23,021 

984,516 
26,363 
959,483 

2,648,250 
1,010,648 

©9,150 
1,625,930 

986,212 

359,328 
657,868 
663,703 
451,437 
507,338 
335,950 
179,907 

6,964 
111,520 


438,719 
666,952 
140,070 

27,926 
153,250 

95,115 

778,154 
470,337 
109, 112 
156,230 

96,517 

139,308 

48,896 

1,377,724 

4,959,835 
2,110,330 
4,826,565 
1,305,596 
2,894,984 

916,600 
1,670,890 

824,875 

295,264  558,022 
1,958,342  1,961,355 
1,525,288     1,724,968 


392,125 
572,739 
208,812 
52,436 
258,894 
102,709 

716,158 
307,804 
229,298 
236,470 

168,761 

169,234 

'61,183 

1,439,940 

4,215,214 
1,965,467 
3,327,185 
1,352,823 
3,333,743 

668,458 
2,553,134 

568,251 


320, 647 
1,292,189 
6,780,541 
3,588,936 
1,560,105 
1,563,103 
2,293,160 
19,910,938 
5,010,961 


1899 


Weight  (pounds). 


1909 


43,999,229   289,419,977 


157, 455 
32,996 
90,716 
21,667 
4,353 
13,460 

616,247 
16,140 
659,802 

3,073,450 
784,432 
682,337 

1,595,959 
644,363 

453,583 
729, 484 
1,138,502 
261,985 
529,088 
310,762 
165,532 

3,150 
122,071 


431,694 
558,095 
157,811 

28,167 
165,448 

93,669 

793,537 
495,979 
120,039 
153,548 

101,318 

137,985 

46,492 

2,007,365 

4,724,747 
2,250,570 
5,115,789 
1,253,686 
3,092,784 
918,690 
1,663,074 


322,444 


582,841 
2,069,040 
7,364,216 
3,403,407 
1,794,984 
1,652,934 
2,468,717 
19,064,726 
5,598,364 


258,300 
67,438 

191,884 

35,067 

6,828 

23,324 

1,038,428 

28,353 

1,002,259 

2,897,604 
1,052,753 
674,625 
1,734,228 
1,005,006 

376,009 
715,334 
679,442 
469,831 
520,219 
410,975 
231,597 

7,021 
113,598 


2,006,040 
8,520,646 

48,670,564 

24,709,945 
6,677,028 
6,123,485 

11,359,271 
145,311,085 

36,041,913 


1899 


399, 113 
587,381 
240,189 
55,233 
282,628 
109,821 

755,172 
346, 715 
299,118 
251,929 

194,726 

171,269 

'64,187 

2,038,535 

4,348,568| 
2,183,100 
3,390,571 
1,390,400 
3,659,417 

791,361 
2,676,763 

624,546 


947,622 
209,518 
625,722 
127,897 
24,009 
71,272 

4,235,707 

94,726 

4,190,213 

21,685,258 
5,360,044 
4,971,380 

11,965,405 
4,688,477 

3,259,282 
5,484,702 
7,343,222 
1,676,830 
3,598,246 
2,177,355 
1,170,308 

19,059 
705,320 


576,555 
2,125,717  2,139,504 
2,562,800  2,882,305 


1,937,252 
2,719,684 
493,882 
86,819 
427,943 
287,069 

3,448,848 

1,854,172 

339,884 

480,581 

376,877 

442,865 

281,750 

10,257,779 

37,669,031 
16,377,265 
42,827,866 

7,563,219 
16,994,017 

5,503,800 
12,102,220 

6,273,667 

3,135,348 


276,567,584 

3,557,230 

13,553,019 

51,469,641 

22,439,475 

7,892,212 

6,536,376 

11,151,253 

122,670,135 

37,298,243 


1,478,018 
409,465 

1,334,253 
195,876 
35,180 
104,438 

6,674,165 

146,628 

6,732,226 

20,350,721 
6,891,601 
4,799,742 

12,202,844 
7,224,733 

2,612,737 
5,015,965 
4,145,137 
3,030,478 
3,246,945 
2,788,839 
1,599,374 

32,350 
632,119 


Value. 


1909 


$66,472,328 

574,677 
2,492,257 

14,276,742 
6,127,159 
1,955,262 
1,648,579 
2,442,998 

29,211,379 
6,743,375 


1899 


2,020,735 
3,123,455 
797,176 
175,290 
777,189 
333,898 

3,617,497 

1,395,295 

744,274 

779,310 

636,474 

647,641 

'329,136 

9,638,002 

30,437,829 
15,474,447 
27,758,309 

8,543,937 
15,209,199 

3,352,937 
17,050,977 

4,842,500 

5,268,088 


536,708j  618,975 
18,841,862  18,349,660  3,782,721  2,396,741 
14,064,703     13,680,495     2,423,946     1,707,088 


266,080 
57,460 

192,002 

33,670 

6,835 

18,530 

1,163,846 

22,482 
1,305,929 

6,749,005 
1,532,914 
1,299,218 
3,428,320 
1,267,285 

816,866 
1,413,711 
1,947,060 
381,722 
847,012 
464,183 
256,605 

6,126 
199,909 


664,386 
839,555 
130, 724 

20,432 
117,871 

77,260 

974,347 
466,459 
86,677 
122,096 

86,045 

99,424 

55,187 

2,202,342 

8,223,754 
3,345,037 
8,912,608 
1,458,003 
3,131,971 
983,761 
2,093,827 
1,062,418 


845,670,053 

743,221 
2,800,924 

10,673,192 
3,979,145 
1,599,937 
1,296,684 
1,682,610 

18,171,536 
4,722,804 


318,585 
84,103 

268,967 

40,291 

8,741 

22,534 

1,387,969 

31,266 

1,381,689 

4,299,025 
1,491,743 
966,746 
2,454,399 
1,461,279 

460,305 
992,334 
822,871 
503,744 
625, 652 
426,344 
247,895 

6,618 
142,966 


409,602 
636,012 
150,610 

31,637 
165,811 

66,881 

737,632 
263,351 
150,943 
144,758 

118,922 

90,317 

'45,249 

1,428,122 

6, 136, 668 
2,210,790 
4,036,227 
1,115,331 
1,954,171 

426,318 
2,699,638 

692,403 


MOHAIR  PRODUCED. 


Fleeces. 


1909 


1,682,912 


168 
180 
97 
636 
1 
316 

1,596 

53 

1,017 

1,624 
1,421 
4,117 
1,559 
1,104 

1,952 

8,703 

24,061 

118 

399 

629 

2,311 

70 
466 


2,614 
3,248 
335 
196 
198 
46 

2,967 

1,342 

383 

531 

3,118 
538 
3,774 
1,077,463 

2,357 
2,835 
2,729 
2,547 
156,980 
103,226 
13,040 
2,070 

5,164 
141,588 
102, 134 


1899 


454,932 

750 

413 

2,004 

19,230 

676 

1,062 

194,930 

81,297 

154,670 


24 

10 

1 

529 

3 

183 

134 


Weight  (pounds). 


1909 


3,778,706 

4,445 

8,797 

36,044 

116,057 

21,009 

13,241 

2,016,736 

738,226 

825,151 


1899 


961,328 

1,749 

1,103 

6,476 

61,619 

1,718 

2,747 

278,411 

175,955 

4fl,650 


279 

95 

276 
953 
497 
183 

350 
10,760 

3,861 
329 
660 

1, 

1,674 


139 
73 

127 
30 

299 
8 

168 
572 
237 

85 

700 

118 

'582 

193,530 

1,264 

3,473 

2,427 

814 

65,765 

13,874 

187 

3,503 

1,335 
79,258 
73,977 


471 

1,695 

2 

1,009 

5,412 

187 

3,198 

5,840 
4,472 
14,922 
5,677 
4,133 

6,929 
29,206 
66,684 
470 
1,538 
2,425 
8,805 

210 
1,570 


8,047 

8,991 

1,020 

486 

520 

165 

7,702 

3,428 

808 

1,303 

7,265 

1,044 

10,503 

1,997,924 

8,328 

16,412 

14,238 

7,894 

394,895 

246,032 

44,708 

5,719 

19, 120 
623,435 
282,596 


105 

44 

5 

1,120 

10 

465 

383 


Value. 


1909 


8901,587 

1,276 

2,834 

9,680 

26,806 

6,980 

3,686 

472,316 

184,305 

193,717 


720 

469 

867 

2,793 

1,833 

514 

556 

28,080 

10,203 

1,220 

5,801 
4,066 


343 
140 
416 

73 
726 

20 

524 

1,486 

469 

268 

1,763 

385 

'1,453 

274,810 

2,750 

11,688 

8,100 

1,843 

113,645 

27,030 

409 

10,590 

4,000 
267, 780 
169,770 


207 
191 
136 
509 
1 
231 

1,742 

56 

1,036 

1,684 
1,194 
4,008 
1,712 
1,082 

1,987 

7,261 

14,338 

133 

390 

602 

2,005 

52 
474 


$267,864 


2,913 

2,699 

469 

128 

177 


2,038 

1,063 

238 

356 

1,616 

226 

2,354 

468,219 

2,056 

4,384 

3,868 

2,024 

96,168 

63,120 

11,240 

1,455 

4,666 
128,230 
60,821 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 


353 


POUITEY  AND  EGGS. 


United  States  as  a  whole:  1909  and  1899. — As  in 
the  case  of  wool,  the  reports  of  the  enumerators  as 
to  the  production  of  poultry  and  eggs  in  1909  were 
somewhat  incomplete,  and  it  was  deemed  desirable  to 
make  estimates  to  cover  this  deficiency,  particularly 
in  order  to  make  the  data  comparable  with  those  for 
1899,  which  included  estimates.  Table  16  shows  the 
actual  returns  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  eggs  and 
of  poultry  produced  in  1909,  with  estimated  totals  for 
that  year  and  for  1899.  No  estimates  have  been 
made  regarding  the  sale  of  eggs  and  poultry  in  1909, 
although  this  was  done  at  the  preceding  census,  and 
it  is  probable  that  the  reported  figures,  which  are  also 
given  in  the  table,  are  less  than  the  true  totals, 
although  perhaps  not  so  deficient  as  the  reported 
production. 


Table  1« 

Number 

Number  of 

PRODUCT. 

reporting.        hand. 

1 

Qiuuitity. 

Value. 

Fowlson  forms  April  15,  1910. 

5,585,032 

4,833,759 
751,273 

4,883,507 

205,880,100 

273,256,924 
22,624,266 

On  farms  repbrting'  eggs 
produced  in  1909 

Eggs  produced,  as  reported, 
1909            

Dozent. 
1,457,385,772 

1,501,311,371 
1,203,662,433 

207,648,038 
23.0 

026,465,787 

1281,157,080 
306,688,960 

Total  production  of  eggs 
(partly  estimated): 
1909 

1899                        

144,240,541 
162, 448, 410 

Increase,  1899  to  1909 

112.6 

Eggs  sold,  as  reported,  1909 — 

Fowls  on  farms  April  15, 1910: 
On  farms  reporting  poul- 
try raised  m  1909 

3,860,067 

4,761,774 
823,258 

4,832,406 

180,768,240 

270,540,664 
25,330,626 

Poultry  raised, as  re  ported,  1909 

yo.  (4 fowl*. 
445,650,124 

488,468,354 

185,300,856 
202,506,272 

Total  poultry  raised  (partly 
estimated): 
1909 

1899     

136,830,152 

Increase,  1899  to  1909 

65,676,120 

Per  cent  of  increase 

48  0 

Fowls  sold,  as  reported,  1909. . 

3,038,932 

163,600,160 

75,273,524 

The  total  number  of  farms  which  reported  fowls  on 
hand  April  15,  1910,  was  5,585,032,  and  the  number 
of  fowls,  295,880,000.  Of  these  farms,  however,  the 
enumerators  reported  the  production  of  eggs  for  only 


4,833,759,  the  number  of  fowls  on  such  farms  in  1910 
being  273,256,000,  or  about  8  per  cent  less  than  the 
total.  The  number  of  eggs  reported  (including  that 
on  the  small  number  of  farms,  about  50,000,  which 
reported  eggs  produced  in  1909  but  no  fowls  on  hand 
in  1910)  was  1,457,386,000  dozens.  These  returns 
may  somewhat  imderstate  the  production  of  eggs 
even  on  the  farms  to  which  they  relate,  since  farmers 
seldom  keep  accurate  records  of  egg  production  and 
are  apt  to  imderestimate  it,  particidarly  by  underes- 
timating the  home  consumption;  but  there  is  no  means 
of  judging  the  extent  of  the  deficiency  due  to  this  cause. 
An  estimate  may,  however,  be  made  for  farms  which 
reported  no  eggs  produced  in  1909,  although  they  had 
fowls  in  1910.*  In  this  way  a  total  of  1,591,311,000 
dozens  is  obtained  as  the  approximate  production  of 
eggs  in  the  country  in  1909.  The  production  of  1899 
(also  partly  estimated)  was  1,293,662,000  dozens,  the 
increase  in  1909  as  compared  with  1899  being  23  per 
cent. 

The  value  of  eggs  produced  in  1909  (including  esti- 
mates) was  $306,689,000,  or  considerably  more  than 
twice  as  much  as  that  for  1899.  The  average  value 
per  dozen,  as  reported  by  the  farmers,  increased  from 
$0,111  to  $0,193. 

About  three-fourths  of  the  farmers  who  reported 
the  production  of  eggs  in  1909  reported  also  that  they 
sold  eggs  during  that  year.  The  number  sold  by  them, 
as  reported,  was  926,466,000  dozens. 

*  The  reaaons  for  the  incompleteness  of  the  reports  of  poultry 
and  eggs  produced  are  similar  to  those  in  the  case  of  wool,  set  forth 
in  a  preceding  footnote.  The  method  of  estimate  used  for  poultry 
and  eggs  is  slightly  different  from  that  used  in  the  case  of  wool, 
and  theoretically  somewhat  less  correct.  Instead  of  calculating 
the  total  production  by  applying  to  the  total  number  of  fowls 
the  ratio  between  (1)  the  number  of  fowls  on  hand  April  15,  1910, 
on  farms  reporting  alfio  the  production  of  fowls  or  eggs  in  1909,  and 
(2)  the  total  reported  production  of  fowls  or  of  eggs  in  1909  on  the  same 
farms,  it  was  calculated  from  the  ratio  between  (1)  the  number  of 
fowls  on  hand  April  15,  1910,  on  farms  reporting  also  the  production 
of  fowls  or  eggs  in  1909,  and  (2)  the  total  reported  production  of 
fowls  or  eggs  in  1909,  which  includes  a  small  production  on  farms 
not  reporting  fowls  on  hand  in  1910.  The  quantity  produced  on 
farms  of  the  latter  class  was  so  insignificant  as  not  to  justify  the  addi- 
tional labor  of  a  sei>arate  tabulation. 


-Table  17 


TTnited  States . 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  Nortli  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


rOWia  OK  HAITD  AHOL  16,  1M9 


Total. 


Farms 
reporting. 


5,585,032 

150,643 
428, 443 
1,045,736 
1,007,771 
971, 758 
897,145 
808,267 
126.986 
148,283 


Number. 


295, 880, 190 

7,078,636 
26,004,625 
71,941,382 
88,684,488 
27,858,263 
26,918,569 
31,501,899 

5,708,606 
10,183,722 


On  farms  reporting 
eggs  produced  in 
1909. 


Farms 
report- 
ing. 


4,833,759 

135,310 
390,783 
959, 187 
885,546 
843,964 
762, 182 
645,347 
92, 715 
118,725 


Number. 


273,255, 

6,629, 
24,546, 
68, 126, 
82,504, 
25,771, 
24,583, 
27,476, 
4,626, 
8,991, 


On  farms  reporting 
fowls  raised  in 
1909. 


Farms 

report- 

mg. 


,781,774 
127,114 
379, 783 
941, 238 
874,560 
840,235 
760,641 
637,835 
88,163 
112,205 


Number. 


270,540,564 

6,439,950 
24, 124, 144 
67,634,087 
82,201,207 
25,512,240 
24,391,225 
27,089,614 
4,492,690 
8,655,407 


egos  pboduced,  as 
bepobted:  1909 


Farms 

report- 

mg. 


4,883,507 
142,165 
396,012 
966,240 
891,590 
850,796 
769,893 
651,667 
94,781 
120,363 


Quantity 
(dozens). 


1,457, 

51, 
152, 
370, 
413, 
125, 
117, 
136, 
28, 
60, 


385,772 

487,518' 
222,031 
965,805 
838,848 
634,154 
141,106 
787, 145 
518,888 
790,277 


Total  pro- 
duction of 
eggs,  partly 
estimated 
(doisens): 
1909 


1,591,311,371 

55,078,175 
161,921,598 
392,304,118 
446,336,192 
136,073,7671 
129,133,681 
165,557,865! 

35,504,102! 

69,401,873 


fowls  baised,  as 
bepobted:  1909 


Farms 
report- 
ing. 


4,832,496 

135,278 
386,012 
950,627 
882,408 
854,310 
771,066 
647,003 
91,165 
114,627 


Number. 


445,650,124 

10,143,637 
33,689,001 
96,463,041 
114,871,313; 
64,779,063 
55,402,822 
50,796,202 
6,912,613 
12,592,432 


Total  num- 
ber of  fowls 

raised, 

partly 

estimated: 

1909 


488,468,354 
11,139,430 
36,313,031 
102,496,192 
123,853,667 
70,792,154 
61.199,837 
59,066,127 
8,799,190 
14,808,717 


72497°— 13 23   + 


364 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


On  the  basis  of  similar  estimates  for  farms  with  in- 
complete reports,  the  total  number  of  fowls  raised  in 
1909  (including  those  sold,  killed,  or  on  hand  April 
15,  1910)  was  488,468,000  and  their  value  $202,506,000. 
The  census  of  1900  did  not  call  for  the  number  of 
fowls  raised  in  1899,  but  the  value  of  fowls  raised  in 
that  year  (partly  estimated)  was  $136,830,000,  the 
increase  between  1899  and  1909  being  48  per  cent. 
The  number  of  fowls  reported  sold  in  1909  was  about 
one-third  of  the  number  raised. 

Divisions  and  states:  1909  and  1899. — Table  17,  on 
the  preceding  page,  shows,  by  geographic  divisions, 
the  production  of  fowls  and  of  eggs  as  reported  for 
1909,  with  estimates  of  the  total  production. 

There  is  a  decidedly  greater  difference  in  the  Moun- 
tain, West  South  Central,  and  Pacific  divisions  than 
elsewhere  between  the  reported  production  of  eggs 
and  fowls  and  the  estimated  total  production. 

Table  21  shows,  by  divisions  and  states,  the  total 
number  and  value  of  eggs  produced  and  the  total 
value  of  fowls  raised  (including  estimates)  in  1909  and 
1899,  respectively,  and  also  the  sales  as  reported. 

The  relative  importance  of  the  several  geographic 
divisions  in  the  production  and  sale  of  eggs  and  of 
fowls  may  be  more  conveniently  judged  by  Table  18, 
which  shows  the  percentages  of  the  totals  which  were 
reported  from  each  division. 


Table  18 

PER  CENT  OF  UNITED  STATES  TOTALS. 

Eggs  produced. 

Quan- 

eggs 
sold: 
1909 

Fowls  raised. 

DIVISION. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Num- 
ber: 
1909 

Value. 

Num- 
ber of 
fowls 
sold: 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

TTnited  States 

New  England 

100.0 
3.5 
10.2 

24.7 
28.0 
8.6 
8.1 
10.4 
2.2 
4.4 

100.0 

3.9 
10.9 
27.0 
28.4 
8.1 
8.1 
9.1 
1.4 
3.1 

100.0 
4.9 
12.2 
24.5 
25.3 
8.7 
7.3 
8.6 
2.8 
5.7 

100.0 

6.2 
13.6 
26.1 
25.4 
8.1 
7.1 
7.1 
2.1 
4.4 

100.0 

4.0 
11.9 
27.7 
29.8 
7.4 
6.8 
6.5 
1.5 
4.5 

100.0 
2.3 

7.4 
21.0 
25.4 
14.5 
12.5 
12.1 
1.8 
3.0 

100.0 

3.6 
10.6 
23.7 
25.8 
12.1 
9.4 
8.7 
2.2 
3.8 

100.0 

3.7 
11.4 
26.5 
24.5 
11.4 
10.2 
7.9 
1.4 
3.0 

100.0 
3.4 

10.7 
25.1 
23.8 
13.5 
10.0 
8.3 
1.4 
3.8 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.... 
West  North  Central.... 
South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central.... 
Mountain 

Pacific 

The  distribution  of  the  production  of  eggs  and  of 
poultry  among  the  divisions  naturally  conforms  more 
or  less  closely  to  the  distribution  of  the  number  of 
fowls  on  hand.  In  1909  the  West  North  Central 
division  produced  28  per  cent  of  the  eggs  and  25.4 
per  cent  of  the  fowls,  the  corresponding  percentages 
for  the  East  North  Central  division  being  24.7  and  21, 
respectively.  The  West  South  Central  division  ranked 
third  in  the  production  of  eggs,  but  the  South  Atlantic 
ranked  third  in  the  number  of  fowls  raised. 

In  some  of  the  divisions  a  considerably  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  eggs  produced  and  of  the  fowls  raised 


are  sold  than  in  other  divisions,  so  that  certain  differ- 
ences appear  between  the  percentages  showing  the 
distribution  of  sales  and  those  showing  the  distribu- 
tion of  production. 

Table  19  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  increase 
in  the  quantity  and  value  of  eggs  produced,  and  in 
the  value  of  fowls  raised,  between  1899  and  1909. 


Table  19 

increase:  1899  TO  1909 

DrVISION. 

Eggs  produced. 

Fowls  raised. 

Quantity 
(dozens). 

Per 
cent. 

Value. 

Per 
cent. 

Value. 

Per 
cent. 

United  States 

New  England 

297,648,938 

4,391,595 
20, 844, 178 
42,784,628 
79,191,972 
30,723,771 
24,267,321 
48,327,365 
17,343,535 
29,774,573 

23.0 

8.7 
14.8 
12.2 
21.6 
29.2 
23.1 
41.2 
95.5 
75.1 

$162,448,419 

6,192,593 
17,858,461 
37,614,304 
40,908,806 
14,858,386 
12,009,679 
16,203,524 

5,601,807 
11,200,859 

U2.6 

69.1 
90.9 
100.0 
111.8 
127.1 
116.9 
159.0 
187.9 
178.2 

$85,676,120 

2,315,087 
5,948,589 
11,694,914 
18,787,032 
8,860,158 
5,225,245 
6,814,959 
2, 486, 450 
3,543,686 

48.0 

45.9 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Altantic 

32.2 
56.0 
57.0 
37.6 
62.7 
131.8 
85.0 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  absolute  increase,  both  in  the  quantity  of  eggs 
produced  and  in  the  value  of  fowls  raised,  was  greatest 
in  the  West  North  Central  division,  but  the  percentages 
of  increase  were  higher  in  some  of  the  divisions  of  the 
South  and  the  West. 

Table  20  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  average 
value  of  eggs  and  of  fowls  produced  and  sold,  respec- 
tively, in  1909  and  of  eggs  produced  in  1899. 


Table  ZO 

average  value. 

DIVISION. 

Eggs  per  dozen. 

Fowls. 

Produced. 

Sold: 
1909 

Raised: 
1909 

Sold: 

1909 

1899 

1909 

ITnited  States 

$0,193 
0.275 
0.232 
0.192 
0.174 
0.195 
0.173 
0.159 
0.242 
0.252 

$0,111 
0.177 
0.139 
0.108 
0.100 
0.111 
0.098 
0.087 
0.164 
0.159 

$0,195 

0.278 
0.232 
0.192 
0.173 
0.197 
0.172 
0.161 
0.245 
0.253 

$0,415 

0.661 
0.593 
0.468 
0.423 
0.345 
0.313 
0.299 
0.497 
0.521 

$0,490 
0  709 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

0  642 

East  North  Central 

0  522 

West  North  Central 

0  490 

South  Atlantic 

0  403 

East  South  Central 

0  373 

West  South  Central 

0.345 

0.561 

Pacific 

0  560 

The  average  value  of  eggs  produced  in  1909,  as 
reported  by  the  farmers,  ranged  from  27.5  cents  per 
dozen  in  the  New  England  division  to  15.9  cents  in  the 
West  South  Central.  In  most  divisions  the  average 
value  of  eggs  sold  was  reported  at  a  slightly  liigher 
figure  than  that  of  eggs  produced.  In  every  division 
the  average  value  of  eggs  produced  was  very  much 
higher  in  1909  than  in  1899.  The  average  value  of 
all  fowls  raised  in  1909  ranged  from  66.1  cents  each 
in  the  New  England  division  to  29.9  cents  in  the  West 
South  Central,  while  the  value  of  those  sold  ranged 
from  70.9  cents  to  34.5  cents. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 

PRODUCTION  AND  SALES  OP  EGGS  AND  POULTRY,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES. 


355 


Table  21 


DmSION  OE  STATE. 


EGGS  PRODUCED   (PARTLY  ESTIMATED). 


Quantity  (dozens). 


1909 


TTnited  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Ck>lumbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  (Carolina 

Oeorgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1,691,3U,371 


55 
IGl 
392; 
446, 
136, 
129, 
165, 

35 


078,175 
921,598 
304,118 
336,192 
073, 767 
133,681 
557,865 
504, 102 
401,873 


72, 
14, 
74, 

100, 
80, 

100, 
59, 
50, 

53, 
109, 
111, 
17, 
25, 
46, 
81, 

4, 
15, 

35, 
19, 
23, 
111 
20, 

6i 

44, 
42, 
22, 
20, 

27, 
14. 
46, 
77, 

6, 
6, 
2, 
10, 
2, 
1, 
4, 


935,050 
499,470 
037,082 
145,240 
894,081 
566,343 

349,034 
842,859 
729,708 

889,599 
755,437 
119,418 
915, 8il 
623,813 

807,974 
760,487 
816,603 
294,322 
067,489 
929,923 
659,304 

448,482 
533,732 
51,945 
100,693 
159,006 
556,124 
049,468 
703,350 
380,056 

313,377 
043,104 
234,713 
542,487 

054,674 
657,544 
000,600 
845,047 

004,051 
492,270 
091,716 
652,396 
976,233 
744,081 
672,866 
870,489 

472,575 
906,903 
022,305 


1899 


1,293,662,433 


50,686, 
141,077; 
349,519, 
367,144 
105,349, 
104,866, 
117,230, 

18,160; 

39,627, 


13,304 

7,005; 

6,271 
12,028, 
3,217, 
7,959, 

62,096, 
11,942; 
07,038; 

91,766, 
70,782, 
86,402; 
54,318, 
46,249, 

43,208, 
99,621 
85,203, 
7,438, 
17,340, 
41,132, 
73, 190, 

3,571 
12,511 
42; 
25,550, 
17,242 
17,704; 

0,007; 

16,505 
4,214 

35,337, 
31,807, 
18,778, 
18,042, 

25,604, 

12,820, 

>  20, 674; 

58,040, 

3,002, 

2,879; 
937, 

5,704 
839 
819, 

3,387 

589; 

7,473; 

7,709; 

24,443; 


Value. 


1909 


1899 


FOWLS  RAISED  (PARTLY  ESTIMATED). 


Number. 


1909 


$306, 688, 960 1144, 240, 541 


15,155,991 
37,507,552 
75,237,900 
77,493,327 
20,545,679 
22,283,364 
26,395,765 
8,582,548 
17,486,834 


3,702,335 
2,043,338 
1,715,221 
4,280,445 
848,527 
2, 476, 125 

17,101,732 
3,908,005 
16,502,815 

19,748,658 
15,287,205 
18,940,454 
11,734,790 
0,526,784 

0,767,410 
10,235,600 
10,345,602 
3,045,687 
4,244,201 
7,000,377 
13,864,360 

068,070 
3,235,759 
15,277 
6,882,276 
3,672,193 
4,256,769 
2,162,797 
3,071,760 
1,370,878 

7,605,116 
7,258,146 
3,762,445 
3,657,657 

4,450,272 
2,448,502 
7,544,445 
11,043,546 

1,610,766 
1,548,431 
501,386 
2,444,006 
683,441 
530,746 
999,959 
263,813 

4,311,291 
2,912,849 
10,262,694 


8,963,398 
19,649,091 
37,623,596 
36,584,521 
11,687,293 
10,273,685 
10,192,241 
2,980,741 
6,285,975 


2,038,225 
1,213,703 

050,965 
2,671,341 

656,846 
1,623,319 

8,630,062 
1,038,304 
9,060,725 

10,280,760 
7,441,944 
8,942,401 
6,104,462 
4,854,020 

4,437,148 
10,016,707 
8,315,371 
782,790 
1,727,392 
4,068,002 
7,237,111 

488,401 
1,572,682 
6,492 
2,836,809 
1,877,675 
1,810,110 

025,066 
1,615,638 

553,624 

3,460,607 
3,115,335 
1,825,078 
l,8n,765 

2,338,500 

1,281,713 

'1,009,832 

4,672,187 

631,143 
465,504 
163,517 
852,978 
157,175 
163,274 
424,628 
122,522 

1,259,225 
1,162,071 
3,864,679 


488,468,354 


11,139,439 

36,313,031 

102,496,192 

123,853,007 

70,792,154 

61,199,837 

59,066,127 

8,799,190 

14,808,717 


Value. 


1899 


$202,  &06, 272  9136, 830, 152 


2,601,733 
1,394,654 
1,282,524 
3,212,339 
602,335 
2,045,854 

13,980,792 
4,847,288 
17,484,951 

23,433,005 
23,067,814 
32,352,888 
12,877,637 
10,764,948 

11,862,787 
20,990,147 
31,913,210 
4,043,481 
6,186,427 
16,274,150 
24,683,465 

1,562,370 

6,949,469 

15,614 

16,290,508 

5,643,096 
15,227,685 

8,811,348 
14,030,716 

2,461,368 

10,247,287 
17,415,208 
12,467,486 
12,060,856 

10,808,768 

6,337,010 

16,264,003 

25,656,356 

1,432,741 

1,653,272 
519,169 

2,706,945 
932,045 
392,286 
971,917 
190,816 

3,722,257 
2,655,492 
8,430,968 


361,038 
527,077 
972,887 
337, 180 
413,963 
128,878 
681,375 
373,143 
710,731 


1,454,816 
879,014 
769,362 

2,411,078 
482,015 

1,374,754 

8,403,162 
3,846,020 
9,277,886 

10,007,633 
10, 720, 137 
15,404,028 
6,101,440 
4,653,640 

4,714,010 
13,014,085 
14,672,686 
1,630,402 
2,355,667 
6,866,606 
0,382,214 

838,633 
3,011,382 
0,102 
6,146,236 
2,238,606 
4,406,767 
2,548,170 
4,110,870 
1,006,198 

6,937,008 
6,774,175 
3,168,471 
3,240,224 

2,868,562 
1,043,516 
5,388,133 
7,481,165 

707,460 
800,700 
260,538 
1,393,039 
367,907 
225,640 
412,359 
115,510 

1,873,608 
1,416,608 
4,420,515 


045,961 
678,488 
277,973 
550, 148 
553,805 
903,633 
866,416 
886,693 
167,045 


056,468 
610,006 
680,100 
1,407,681 
398,790 
984,207 

6,161,420 
2,265,816 
7,161,243 

8,847,009 
8,172,093 
11,307,690 
4,551,045 
3,308,427 

2,927,717 
0,401,810 
0,525,262 
604,761 
1,020,382 
3,400,044 
6,401,183 

606,391 
2,077,490 
5,480 
3,744,654 
1,843,752 
2,680,970 
1,630,765 
2,481,610 

674,703 

4,970,063 
4,282,740 
2,263,346 
2,fe7,484 

2,179,634 

1,425,116 

U,  950, 304 

5,311,362 

398,487 
282,468 

79,488 
587,536 

90,152 
114,884 
262,503 

71,175 

848,291 

826,687 

2,492,067 


eggs  sold,  as  reported. 


Quantity 
(dozens). 


1909 


926,466,787 


37,025,214 

110,099,444 

256,349,132 

275,973,530 

08,946,260 

62,699,562 

60,044,751 

13,654,183 

41,673,721 


Value. 


1900 


$180,768,249 


10,288,343 
25,491,087 
49,181,738 
47,835,052 
13,615,214 
10,808,834 
9,654,886 
3,341,609 
10,561,486 


10,340,134 
4,948,014 
4,451,120 
0,614,504 
2,246,679 
6,424,763 

48,074,481 

9,578,886 

62,446,077 

69,575,637 
63,809,416 
62,036,857 
38,668,386 
32,268,836 

34,347,776 
70,836,349 
71,886,146 
6,464,074 
14,226,323 
25,380,607 
62,833,166 

3,346,683 
10,526,637 
16,660 
21,113,160 
11,762,888 
10,471,867 
2,766,646 
6,136,303 
2,806,437 

24,744,940 

24,697,440 

7,666,603 

5,601,560 

10,814,504 
5,622,297 
18,860,825 
24,747,035 

2,116,624 
2,370,346 

542,643 
4,260,285 

882,856 

820,377 
2,315,120 

346,932 

8,572,408 

6,233,626 

26,867,687 


2,659,117 
1,373,432 
1,092,678 
2,914,755 
669,984 
1,678,477 

11,394,611 
2,536,668 
11,660,908 

13,608,860 
10,213,390| 
11,745,316 
7,547,202 
6,066,971 

0,212,270 
12,387,353' 
12,462,508 
1,142,043 
2,371,666 
4,322,484 
8,046,830 

720,306 
2,191,615 
5,700 
4,180,630 
2,260,362 
1,908,721 

547,894 
1,177,460 

623,628 

4,250,081 
4,248,340 
1,303,303 
1,007,110 

1,735,524 

920,544 

3,131,023 

3,867,795 

584,953 
573,098 
133,157 
981,851 
212,679 
250,488 
499,088 
105,305 

2,302,128 
1,531,932 
6,717,426 


FOWLS  sold,  as 

reported. 


Number. 


1909 


153,600,169 


5,166,345 
16,392,968 
38,497,611 
36,611,202 
20,774,474 
15,338,379 
12,727,015 
2,215,484 
6,886,691 


$75,273,68« 


1,213,689 
623,002 
679,614 

1,596,472 
295,413 
848,065 

5,806,367 
2,540,200 
8,046,401 

0,123,564 
8,127,981 
12,096,388 
5,289,794 
3,850,884 

3,704,433 

10,388,067 

10,656,882 

588,492 

1,314,046 

3,750,040 

6,207,442 

623,200 
2,273,501 
6,152 
6,059,990 
2,009,220 
4,617,041 
1,554,709 
2,004,116 

727,646 

5,036,361 
5,330,639 
2,676,890 
2,294,489 

2,344,601 
1,058,236 
3,562,200 
5,761,978 

371,847 
370,776 
106,375 
670,128 
194,917 
134,098 
298,015 
60,328 


1,250,839        693,092 

957,644        584,46a 

3,678,208     2.018,866 


» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


356 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 
HONEY  AND  WAX. 


United  States  and  states:  1909  and  1899.— Table  22 
shows,  for  each  division  and  state,  the  quantity 
of  honey  and  of   wax  produced,    respectively,  and 


their  combined  value,  in  1909  and  1899.  The  figures 
are  as  reported  by  the  enumerators,  and  probably 
somewhat  understate  the  true  production. 


Table  22 

DIVISION  OB  STATE. 

HONEY  PBODUCED    , 
(POUNDS).             1 

■WAX  PRODUCED 
(POUNDS). 

VALUE  OF  HONEY 
AND  WAX. 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

honey  produced 

(POUNDS). 

WAX  PRODUCED 
(POUNDS). 

VALUE  OF  HONEY 
AND  WAX. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

Vnlted  States.. 

54,814,890 

61,099,290 

904,867 

1,763,595 

$5,992,083 

$6,656,611 

W.  No.  Central  — 
Continued: 

527,868 
009,785 

62,777 

306,367 

3,657 

1,344,360 

1,550,739 

1,809.127 

653,119 

884,662 

747,832 

1,558,670 

1,468,123 

891,954 

559,012 

913,515 

340, 134 

140,234 

3,093,097 

163,510 
1,011,068 

138,924 
2,306,492 

439,528 
1,025.282 
1,138,091 

354,905 

503,580 

839,981 

10,264,715 

866.200 
l,187,5C9i 

101,410; 

306,788; 

530; 

1,708,320; 

1,673, 120; 

2,477,800, 

872,690 
1,650,745 

677,540 

2,681,720 
2,404,650 
1,930,410 
1,048,490 

1,405,320 
426,490 

3,336 
4,332 

2,756 
4,358 

16,090 
19,236 

1,960 
7,860 

73,398 
84, 437 

8,235 

39, 244 

477 

173,927 

231.630 

230,586 

78,936 

101,888 

60,906 

202,242 

183,002 
99,977 
64,802 

112,968 
33,911 
24,096 

322,798 

21,935 

594, 117 
5,184,1(3 
7,778,545 
0,744,008 
7,302,640 
4,477,759 
4,486,980 
6,577,800 
11,608,276 

732,078 
6,122,949 
11,399,724 
8,055,778 
9,408,843 
8,065,170 
6,784,654 
4,682,426 
5,177,668 

8,251 
66,393 

132,735 
93, 633 

172,996 

111,369 
92,177 
88,447 

138,866 

29,802 
153,017 
221,220 
175,384 
379, 192 
343,900 
245,060 

74, 410 
141,610 

108,623 
676.363 
972,834 
864,367 
925,829 
550,143 
493,773 
574,983 
826,268 

119,581 

681,566 

1,315,385 

1,037,016 

1,029,233 

861, 123 

692,018 

413,692 

506,397 

105,676 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic... 
E.  North  Central.. 
W.  North  Central.. 

151,873 

South  Atlantic: 

10,536 

Maryland 

District  ol  Col 

38,857 
55 

E.  South  Central. . 
W.  South  Central.. 

23,883 
11,090 
70,400 
12,440 
23,434 
18,635 

17,307 
28,864 
50,043 
15, 156 

20,403 
12,284 

60,110 
30,180 
135,920 
37,500 
73,372 
32,290 

53,120 
79,590 
162,020 
49,170 

59,340 
20,440 
15,590 
159,690 

130 

6,560 

340 

24,930 

2,260 

13,080 

23,740 

3,380 

9,540 
16,740 
115,330 

195,886 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina... 
South  Carolina... 

199,089 
263,730 

Pacific 

92,857 
169, 723 

New  England: 
Maine 

New  Hampshire... 

112,051 
65,038 

160,283 
96,802 
14,221 

145,722 

3,191,733 

152,072 

1,840,360 

1,001,179 
687,097 
1,428.640 
2,507,810 
2,153,819 

976,262 

2,374,080 

2,105,815 

11,084 

139,714 

200,080 
89,260 

182,278 

109,050 
28,450 

122,960 

3,422,497 

174,250 

2,526,202 

1,980,530 
1,681,554 
2,961,080 
2,099,460 
2, 677, 100 

986,446 

2,539,784 

3,018,929 

7,530 

49,320 

2,260 
792 

2,899 

1,019 
185 

1,096 

43,198 

1„372 

21,823 

7,454 
15, 115 
26,240 
28,524 
65,402 

16,880 

44,266 

23,784 

92 

943 

6,570 
3,350 
8.652 
6,250 
890 
4,090 

84,075 
7,640 
61,302 

34,620 
27,780 
75,290 
38.860 
44,670 

20,626 

49,314 

69,258 

90 

770 

20,686 
13,623 
26,166 
19, 176 
2,959 
25,913 

389,642 
22,917 
262,804 

133,891 
105,715 
200,763 
296,742 
235,723 

124,617 
285,429 
274, 174 

34,461 
17,686 
27,290 
18,412 
5,156 
16,576 

352,795 
23,479 
305,292 

252,321 
219, 110 
343,200 
230,012 
270,742 

118,884 
305.183 
348.604 

58,500 

E.  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.SouTH  Central: 

291,179 
259,691 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

197, 232 
113,021 

156,943 

Middle  Atlantic: 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

46,200 
121,348 
468,527 

New  Jersey 

4, 780, 204;  i      58.402 

Pfinn.sylvania 

E.  NoETH  Centeal: 

Mountain: 

19,940 

379,450 

19,220 

1,732,630 

139,998 

930,420 

1,292,118 

178,650 

530,790 

979, 140 

3, 667, 738 

394 
8,018 
1,663 
33,682 
6,345 
15,012 
16, 667 
7,766 

4,038 

8,383 

126,445 

3.706 

Ohio 

88,3821      42.725 

Wyoming 

16,725 
234,334 
39,639 
57,203 
79;  763 
37,002 

66,391 
94,510 
665,367 

2,676 

Illinois 

171,740 

Michigan 

New  Mexico 

13,836 

Wisconsin 

67, 489 

Utah      

94,364 

Nevada 

17,156 

Iowa 

Pacific: 
Washington 

65,211 

1,809          1.149 

109,247 

South  Dakota 

20,443 

6,247 

California 

331,939 

1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


The  total  production  of  honey  in  the  United  States 
in  1909  was  reported  as  54,815,000  pounds,  a  decrease 
of  10.3  per  cent  as  compared  with  1899.  Wax,  which 
is  a  relatively  unimportant  product,  showed  a  much 
greater  decrease.  The  combined  value  of  honey  and 
wax  in  1909  was  $5,992,000,  or  10  per  cent  less  than 
in  1899. 


The  geographic  distribution  of  the  production  of 
honey  naturally  corresponds  quite  closely  to  that  of 
the  colonies  of  bees.  The  business  of  raising  honey 
is  very  generally  distributed  throughout  the  country. 
There  was  a  decrease  in  the  production  of  honey 
between  1899  and  1909  in  each  of  the  geographic 
divisions  except  the  Mountain  and  the  Pacific. 


DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  SOLD  OR  SLAUGHTERED  ON  FARMS. 


United  States  as  a  whole. — Table  23  shows,  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole,  the  number  and  value  of 


each  class  of  domestic  animals  sold  or  slaughtered  on 
farms  during:  1909. 


Table  23 

DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  .SOLD  OE  SLAUGHTERED  ON  FARMS  IN  1909. 

All  classes. 

Cattle 

(exclusive  of 

calves). 

Calves. 

Horses. 

Mules. 

Asses  and 
burros. 

Swine. 

Sheep. 

Goats. 

Total  sold  or  slaughtered: 

Number 

21,981,637 

689,375,710 

31.36 

7,874,348 

59,775,179 

7.59 

1,768,342 

210,264,479 

118.90 

716,862 

94,359,550 

131.63 

17,734 

1,833,101 

103.37 

52,878,676 

691,611,885 

13.08 

19,520,982 

84,774,271 
4.34 

526,552 

1,181,312 

2.24 

Value dollars. . 

Average  value dollars. . 

1,833,175,487 

Sold: 

Number.. 

20,572,997 

657,686,916 

31.97 

1,408,640 

31,688,794 

22.50 

6,742,748 

52,328,181 

7.76 

1,131,600 

7,446,998 

6.58 

1,768,342 

210,264,479 

118.90 

716,862 

94,359,550 

131.63 

17,734 

1,833,101 

103.37 

37,500,158 

463,011,115 

12.35 

15,378,517 

228.600,770 

14.86 

18,991,456 

82,506,542 

4.34 

529,526 

2,267,729 

4.28 

407  563 

Value dollars . . 

1,562,936,694 

946,810 
2.32 

Average  value dollars. . 

Slaughtered: 

Number 

118,989 

Value dollars. . 

270,238,793 

234, 502 

Average  value dollars. . 

1.97 

The  value  of  all  domestic  animals  sold  during  1909 
was  $1,562,937,000,  and  that  of  animals  slaughtered 
on  the  farm  $270,239,000,  making  a  total  of  $1,833,- 
175,000.  To  the  total  value  of  animals  sold,  cattle 
(including  calves)  contributed  $710,015,000,  or  45.4 
per  cent;  horses,  mules,  and  asses  and  burros  together 


$306,457,000,  or  19.6  per  cent;  swine  $463,011,000, 
or  29.6  per  cent;  and  sheep  and  goats  $83,453,000,  or 
5.3  per  cent.  The  number  of  cattle  and  sheep  slaugh- 
tered on  farms  was  equal  to  but  a  very  small  fraction  of 
the  number  sold,  but  the  number  of  swine  slaughtered 
was  more  than  two-fifths  as  great  as  the  number  sold. 


LIVE  STOCK  PRODUCTS. 


857 


The  value  of  domestic  animals  sold  as  reported  for 
1909  ($1,562,937,000)  is  not  at  all  comparable  with 
the  value  of  animals  sold  as  reported  at  the  Twelfth 
Census  ($722,614,000),  for  the  reason  that  the  inquiry 
at  the  Thirteenth  Census  related  to  all  animals  sold 
from  the  farm,  while  that  at  the  Twelfth  Census 
related  only  to  the  sale  of  animals  which  had  been 
raised  on  the  farm  reporting. 

A  very  considerable  number  of  the  animals  sold  dur- 
ing any  given  year  are  animals  previously  purchased 
by  the  farmers,  often  during  the  same  year.  The  prac- 
tice of  buying  cattle,  swine,  and  sheep  to  fatten  for 
market  is  very  common  among  farmers  in  some  sec- 
tions. Consequently  the  gross  sales  of  domestic  animals 
include  much  duplication.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the 
sales  of  animals  not  raised  on  the  farm  reporting  are 
excluded,  the  additional  value  (often  very  great)  which 
such  animals  may  acquire  between  the  time  of  purchase 
and  the  time  of  sale  is  omitted  from  the  statistics. 
Finally,  it  should  be  noted  that  the  value  of  animals 
sold  or  slaughtered,  no  matter  how  determined,  by  no 
means  represents  the  true  product  of  the  stock  raising 
industry.  An  animal,  such  as  a  horse  or  a  cow,  for 
example,  which  is  raised  by  a  farmer  and  retained 
indefinitely  for  draft  or  dairy  purposes  is  just  as  much 
a  product  of  agriculture  as  one  sold  or  slaughtered; 
this  is  true,  in  fact,  even  though  such  animal  merely 
replaces  another  which  dies  of  age  or  disease. 


Divisions  and  states. — Table  24  shows,  by  geographic 
divisions,  the  combined  value  of  all  domestic  animals 
sold  or  slaughtered  on  farms  in  1909. 


Table  24 


United  States 

New  England . . . 
Middle  Atlantic. 
E.  North  Central. 
W.  North  Central 
South  Atlantic. . 
E.  South  Central. 
W.  South  Central 

Mountain 

Padflc 


VALtJE  OF  ALL  DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  SOLD 
OR  SLAUGHTERED  ON  FARMS  IN  1909. 


Total. 


$1,833 
30, 
89, 
422, 
715, 
102, 
129, 
181, 
100, 
61, 


Sold. 


Slaughtered. 


11,562,936,694 

24,287,381 
62,359,683 
366,849,902 
664,809,849 
66,917,658 
91,782,197 
149,019,393 
93,035,953 
53,874,678 


(270,238,793 

6,129,399 
27,203,385 
56,075,953 
50,526,586 
45,591,034 
38,213,908 
31,983,812 
7,079,154 
7,435,562 


PER  CENT  OF  TOTAI. 
VALUE  OF  ANIMALS. 


Sold  or 
slaugh- 
tered. 


100.0 
1.7 
4.9 
23.1 
39.0 
5.6 
7.1 
9.9 
5.5 
3.3 


Sold. 


100.0 
l.G 
4.0 
23.5 
42.5 
3.6 
5.9 
9.5 
6.0 
3.4 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


100.0 

2.3 

10.1 

20.8 

18.7 

16.9 

14.1 

11.8 

2.6 

2.8 


Of  the  total  value  of  animals  sold  or  slaughtered  on 
farms,  the  West  North  Central  division  reported  39  per 
cent,  the  East  North  Central  23.1  per  cent,  aiid  the  West 
South  Central  9.9  per  cent,  these  three  divisions  to- 
gether reporting  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  total. 
With  respect  to  the  value  of  domestic  animals  slaugh- 
tered on  farms,  the  East  North  Central  division  ranked 
first,  followed  by  the  West  North  Central  and  the  South 
Atlantic. 

Table  25  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  the  number 
and  value  of  each  separate  class  of  domestic  animals 
sold  or  slaughtered  on  farms  during  1909. 


Table  25 


New  England: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value . . .  .dollars. 
Middle  Atlantic: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

East  North  Central: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

West  North  Central: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

South  Atl-vntic: 

Nimiber 

Value dollars. 

Average  v  alue dollars. 

East  South  Central: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

West  South  Central: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

Mountain: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 

Pacific: 

Number 

Value dollars. 

Average  value dollars. 


CATTLE  (EXCLTmiNa 

calves). 


Sold. 


434,103 

14,063,746 
32.30 

850,906 

28,433,677 

33.42 

2,788,939 

107,686,696 

38.61 

7,334,405 

283,647,784 

38.67 

1,030,151 

29,366,065 

28.51 

1,527,324 

32,728,694 

21.43 

3,993,760 

83,712,953 

20.96 

1,720,298 

50,144,682 

29.15 

893,021 

27,902,619 

31.25 


Slftu^- 
tered. 


75,679 

1,778,913 

23.51 

160,473 

4,364,379 

27.13 

214,287 

6,637,160 

26.31 

317,527 

7,406,246 

23.51 

158,646 

2,880,386 

18.16 

129,846 

1,907,530 

14.69 

151,371 

2,406,722 

15.90 

115,113 

3,078,640 

26.74 

85,698 

2,178,818 

25.42 


Sold. 


437,321 

2,338,235 

5.36 

1,397,252 

9,847,792 

7.06 

1,065,546 

14,637,203 

7.46 

1,137,087 

10.947,101 

9.63 

398,606 

3,036,567 

7.62 

318,428 

2,283,029 

7.17 

747,037 

6,360,162 

8.61 

133,240 

1,384,458 

10.39 

208,231 

1.493,634 

7.17 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


101,608 

617,424 

6.09 

295,923 

1,706,488 

6.77 

289,063 

1,996,796 

6.91 

146,964 

1,036,764 

7.10 

67,909 

370,706 

6.40 

27,723 

175,417 

6.33 

39,236 

300,863 

7.67, 

I 

38,572 

371,991 

9.64 

I 

135,5321 
971,550! 

7.17! 


Hones 
sold. 


33,894 

4,667,190 

134.46 

103,705 

12,714,225 

122.60 

476,628 

64,620,499 

135.37 

636,602 

79,264,856 

124.52 

85,519 

9,270,128 

108.40 

98,074 

10,013,375 

102.10 

155,430 

13,141,491 

84.55 

110,040 

9,102,421 

82.72 

68,550 

7,690,294 

112. 19 


Mules 
sold. 


276 
47,842 
173.34 

6,516 

938,963 

144.12 

89,665 

11,477,495 

128.00 

251,347 

35,08f),146 

139.59 

42,659 

6,652,701 

132.51 

160,392 

21,258,297 

132.54 

146,840 

17,554,241 

119.65 

7,327 

778,709 

106.28 

11,841 

1,565,166 

132. 18 


Asses 

and 
burros 
sold. 


11 

234 

21.27 

198' 
7,310 
36.92 

2,668 

170,814 

04.02 

6,925 

846,274 

142.83 

632 

39,692 

62.80 

2,313 

394,504 

170.56 

4,636 

292,650 

63.13 

1,028 
40,972 
39.86 

323 
40,661 
125.86 


Sold. 


326,828 

2,551,918 

7.83 

1,076,690 

7,060,488 

6.56 

11,464,960 

148,970,626 

12.99 

17,179,803 

241,711,507 

14.07 

1,104,162 

6,132,246 

4.65 

2,454,112 

19,979,697 

8.14 

2,772,498 

25,930,428 

9.35 

392,900 

4,106,278 

10.45 

730,205 

7,567,967 

10.36 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


177, 154 

3,647,1.38 

20.59 

1,135,912 

20,698,021 

18.22 

2,944,811 

48,161,673 

16.36 

2,664,171 

41,796,756 

15.69 

3,201,206 

42,172,962! 

13.171 

2,556,039' 

35,966,1001 

14.07| 

2,213,493 

29,147,393 

13.17 

208,106 

2,992,716 

14.38 

277,625 

4,018,011 

14.47 


Sold. 


181,504 

723,623 

3.99 

733,204 

3,347,996 

4.57 

3,944,079 

19,338,167 

4.90 

2,694,142 

13,182,975 

4.89 

995, 135 

4,387,828 

4.41 

1,157,673 

5,072,379 

4.38 

506.421 

1,658,693 

3.28 

6,787,685 

27,298,628 

4.02 

1,991,613 

7,496,253 

3.76 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


41,719 

185,  .313 

4.44 

80,724 

443,342 

6.49 

57,686 

277,929 

4.82 

45,612 

221,074 

4.85 

36,701 

151,433 

4.13 

34,236 

133,959 

3.91 

20,195 

61,340 

3.04 

153,572 

652,670 

3.60 

59,081 

240,609 

4.07 


Sold. 


1,048 

4,593 

4.38 

1,966 
9,242 
4.70 

13,439 

48,402 

3.60 

47,825 
133,146 

2.78 

16,007 

32,431 

2.03 

29,825 

62,322 

1.75 

170,084 

368,775 

2.17 

77,821 

179,805 

2.31 

49,549 

118.094 

2.38 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


157 

611 

3.89 

274 
1,155 
4.22 

739 
2,395 
3.24 

2,297 
6,746 
2.94 

10,134 

15,648 

1.63 

18,629 

30,902 

1.66 

37,831 

67,494 

1.78 

39,383 

83,137 

2.11 

9,54J» 

26,514 

2.78 


In  every  geographic  division  except  the  East  North 
Central  the  value  of  cattle  and  calves  sold  in  1909 
exceeded  that  of  any  other  class  of  animals,  but  in  the 
East  North  Central  division  the  value  of  swine  sold  was 
greater  than  that  of  cattle  and  calves. 

Marked  differences  appear  among  the  geographic 


divisions  with  respect  to  the  ratio  between  the  num- 
ber of  animals — particularly  swine — sold  and  the 
number  slaughtered  on  the  farm.  In  the  leading  hog 
raising  sections,  the  East  and  West  North  Central 
divisions,  the  number  sold  in  1909  was  several  times 
greater  than  the  number  slaughtered  on  the  farm,  but 


358 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  South  Atlantic,  and  East 
South  Central  divisions  the  number  sold  was  less  than 
the  number  slaughtered. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  wide  variations  in  aver- 
age value  for  asses  and  burros  sold  are  due  to  the  fact 


that  in  some  sections  the  sales  include  many  high- 
priced  breeding  jacks,  while  in  others  they  represent 
chiefly  pack  burros. 

Table  26  presents  data  regarding  animals  sold  or 
slaughtered  on  farms  in  individual  states. 


NUMBER  AND  VALUE  OF  DOMESTIC  ANIMALS  SOLD  OR  SLAUGHTERED  ON  FARMS,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


Table  26 


TTnited  States . . 
New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut— 

Kiddle  ATLAN-ac: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  NoETH  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

"    North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  of  Columbia . . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California , 


11,562,936,694 


VALUE  or  ALL  DOMESTIC 
ANIMALS. 


Sold. 


9270,238,793 


6,531,033 
3,482,591 
5,990,550 
5,014,442 
580,949 
2,687,816 

29,333,508 
3,433,924 

29,592,251 

74,632,856 
81,437,250 
132,622,547 
35,915,379 
42,241,870 

34,121,517 
208,069,001 
143,967,066 
11,409,158 
35,722,056 
100,784,287 
130,736,764 

768,034 

5,399,89C 

16,519 

20,124,957 

14,159,182 

7,209,308 

2,430,169 

5,459,350 

1,350,243 

43,080,628 

37,637,861 

5,543,718 

5,519,990 

12,914,397 
2,933,052 
54,524,144 

78,647,800 

20,346,948 
11,791,655 
13,573,935 
22,453,959 
10,099,489 
4,531,545 
5,899,382 
4,339,040 

7,771,950 
14,972,615 
31,130,113 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


847,159 

1,468,345 

1,006,088 

165,634 

753,285 

9,927,603 
1,562,926 
15,712,856 

14,964,130 
11,458,882 
14,438,127 
7,652,048 
7,562,766 

6,942,498 
10,147,302 
15,272,156 
3,047,590 
2,637,084 
5,293,468 
7,186,488 

570,575 
3,069,871 
7,937 
8,857,649 
4,296,936 
11,317,680 
4,360,448 
10,410,370 
2,699,568 

11,652,749 

12,209,506 

7,606,346 

6,745,307 

7,409,195 
2,847,114 
6,575,550 
15,151,953 

1,262,151 
1,074,048 
650,745 
1,754,216 
842,396 
315,552 
756,854 
423,192 

2,477,396 
2,461,159 
2,497,007 


number,  by  classes. 


Cattle  (excluding 
calves). 


Sold. 


20,572,997 


1,408,640 


83,93; 
54,904 
145,955 
81,601 
11,177 
56,564 

451,265 
30,954 
368,687 

558,420 
463,825 
1,029,835 
319,063 
417,796 

442,034 
2,130,255 
1,300,754 
159,392 
519,607 
1,221,743 
1,560,620 

7,070 

56,863 

344 

314,925 

257,733 

163,015 

57,301 

112,127 

60,773 

535,429 
540,891 
198,226 
252,778 

379,676 

139,319 

939,546 

2,535,219 

272,996 
145,948 
198,970 
437,215 
306,347 
146,852 
110,780 
101,190 

94,368 
249,733 
548,920 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


Calves. 


Sold. 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


6,742,7481,131,600 


1,768,342 


18,755 
9,116 
18,832 
13,521 
6,699 
8,756 

68,793 

3,175 

88,505 

54,040 
27,122 
38,466 
43,619 
51,040 

79,226 
73,454 
32,059 
31,570 
28,475 
42,083 
30,660 

551 
5,870 
8 
20,058 
18,753 
36,132 
17,657 
37,605 
22,012 

19,011 
33,483 
42,946 
34,406 


19,755 
12,216 

9,810 
26,818 
16,316 
10,773 

8,208 
11,217 

25,087 
24,292 
36,319 


98,577 
64,347 
102,781 
95,486 
9,653 
66,477 

814,704 
112,885 
469,663 

362,046 
251,470 
410,590 
293,525 
647,915 

176,970 
256,071 
254,702 
22,263 
48,862 
96,821 
281,398 

19,292 

92,359 

416 

119,002 

58,815 

52,137 

14,541 

39,507 

2,537 

140,896 
114,620 
30,694 
32,218 


38,088  86,235 

26,209  15,490 

23,043  132,870 

64,031  512,442 


18,389 
19,098 
13,716 
33,934 
16,169 

7,525| 
20,754 

3,655 

30,291 
30,473 
147,467 


27,396 
10,650 
41,375 
14,187 
1,175 
6,915 

212,962 
14,025 
68,936 

31,180 
21,731 
81,079 
61,896 
93,167 

80,493 

18,235 
8,779 

14,419 
7,034 
5,458 

11,536 

414 

2,110 

28 

5,086 

5,108 

14,602 

6,669 

22,323 

1, 

4,546 
9,54S 

7,87: 
5,75 

8,379 
2,667 
5,745 
22,445 

8,748 
4,789 
1, 
11,557 
3,658 
1,144 
5,312 
1,416 

44,238 
40,756 
60,538 


Horses 
sold. 


12,003 
4,966 
7,158 
5,963 
579 
3,225 

39,552 

4,921 

59,232 

104,500 
110,115 
165,925 
52,432 
43,656 

45,790 
181,556 
124,585 
36,983 
50,858 
91,218 
105,512 

1,453 

10,549 

9 

31,878 

19,456 

12,236 

2,818 

5,453 

1,667 

43,301 

39,011 

7,787 

7,975 

22,073 

4,109 

59,751 

69,497 

31,037 
13,484 
12,711 
23,821 
11,208 

4,357 

7, 

6,353 

18,106 
21,455 
28,989 


Mules 
sold. 


716,862 


44 
58 
55 
16 
8 
95 

377 

245 

5,893 

3,864 

32,577 

52,426 

484 

314 

687 

15,612 

150,438 

636 

1,511 

17,541 

64,924 

307 

1,882 

8 

7,021 

2,290 

10,885 

4,346 

15,028 

892 

60,392 
78,170 
12,661 


25,443 
3,229 
47,193 
70,975 

950 
495 
295 
2,697 
2,038 
216 
382 
254 

1,240 
1,685 
8,916 


Asses 

and 

burros 

sold. 


17,734 


1 
1 
1 
2 

77 

1 

120 

320 

242 

2,028 

50 

28 

341 

96 

3,316 

78 

332 

1,006 

756 

5 
64 


596 

1,535 

88 

94 

530 

12 
1,002 
3,032 

6 
15 
5 
403 
379 
69 
79 
72 

86 
71 
166 


Swine. 


Sold. 


37,500,158 

88,167 
43,008 
93,720 
63,930 
7,725 
29,278 

407,915 
88,639 
579,136 

2,317,507 
3,030,547 
3,745,309 
981,880 
1,389,717 

1,038,711 
5,524,519 
4,425,428 
115,414 
721,838 
2,495,969 
2,867,924 

20,979 
143,415 
17 
293,493 
121,650 
246,796 

80,633 
136, 651 

60,528 

1,160,301 

1,082,134 

123,078 

88,599 

376,466 

61,794 

1,591,469 

742,769 

37,471 
150,230 
10,740 
124,667 
20,280 
9,780 
30,072 
9,660 

121,886 
129,641 
478,678 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


15,378,517 

47,319 
22,563 
50,786 
27,754 
3,674 
25,058 

386,264 
73,709 
675,939 

768,195 
646,581 
762,545 
381,247 
386,243 

314,597 
507, 167 
949,318 
136,227 
117,781 
261,515 
377,566 

27,588 
180,406 
383 
537,797 
206,701 
783,247 
309,922 
860,409 
294,753 

733,642 
742,123 
581,615 
498,659 

616,350 

287,447 
424,436 
886,260 

33,143 
47,437 
13,064 
52,081 
21,929 

3,299 
31,210 

5,943 

92,600 
102,755 
82,270 


Sheep. 


Sold. 


18,991,456 

89,522 
14,340 
64,044 
6,558 
1,153 
5,887 

403,307 

9,356 

320,541 

1,287,373 

584,778 

534,030 

1,140,614 

397,284 

242,613 
594,869 
883,160 
75, 459 
227,837 
395,872 
274,332 

1,301 

76,827 


410,025 
410,133 
75, 437 
3,894 
14,602 
2,916 

671,321 

456,484 

18,539 

11,329 

49,366 
13,864 
41,768 
401,433 

1,543,632 

1,021,847 

1,276,011 

977,460 

1,009,504 

205,496 

425,689 

328,046 

177, 169 
998,484 
815,960 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


529,526 


23, 277 
5,987 
6,609 
2,412 
749 
2,685 

51,277 

1,229 

28,218 

16,754 
3,714 

4,284 
17,818 
15,116 

16,231 
6,180 
7,461 
4,342 
7,246 
1,753 
2,399 

87 
2,952 


9,185 
8,269 
9,763 
1,409 
3,552 
1,484 

10,650 
13,490 
5,251 
4,845 

6,705 
3,965 
1,129 
9,396 

13,785 
8,494 
20,832 
19,945 
68,839 
8,125 
16,579 
6,973 

7,380 
15,786 
36,915 


Goats. 


Sold. 


407,563 

313 
215 
179 
275 
7 
59 

1,085 

82 


3,838 
1,685 
4,232 
2,410 
1,274 

815 

16,776 

24,500 

121 

1,067 

2,059 

3,488 

15 
319 


1,994 
819 

2,876 
1,916 
4,782 
3,286 

6,915 
9,988 
8,022 
4,900 

8,675 

3,636 

5,049 

162,724 

1,159 
701 
89 
5,641 
48,398 
17,765 
4,068 


966 
28,832 
19,761 


Slaugh- 
tered. 


118,989 


Chapter  13. 
FAEM  CROPS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 

(With  Statistics  of  Purchase  and  Sale  of  Crops  Suitable  for  Feeding  Animals,  and  of  Farm  Expenditures  for 

Labor  and  Fertilizers.) 


Introduction. — This  chapter  presents  in  condensed 
form  the  main  results  of  the  Thirteenth  Census  of  the 
United  States  with  reference  to  the  production  of 
crops  in  1909.  It  also  contains  statistics  relating  to 
the  purchase  and  sale  of  crops  suitable  for  feeding 
animals  and  to  farm  expenditures  for  labor  and  ferti- 
lizers. Statistics  pertaining  to  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto 
Rico,  and  other  outlying  possessions  are  not  included 
in  the  tables. 

The  tables  give  figures  for  each  crop  by  states, 
though  in  the  case  of  less  important  crops  states  are 
not  named  where  the  production  is  insignificant.  AH 
of  the  data  published  in  this  chapter  regarding  any 
particular  state  can  also  be  found  in  the  supplement 
for  that  state,  where  additional  detail  concerning  the 
acreage  and  production  of  the  principal'  crops  by 
counties  is  also  published. 

The  tables  in  general  state  the  acreage,  production, 
and  value  of  each  crop,  by  states,  for  the  census  years 
1909  and  1899.  In  the  case  of  orchard  and  tropical 
fruits,  grapes,  and  nuts,  the  census  inquiry  was  as  to 


the  number  of  trees  or  vines  rather  than  the  acreage. 
For  certain  seeds  and  for  straw  and  cornstalks,  acre- 
age was  not  tabulated  because  it  would  largely  dupli- 
cate the  acreage  of  primary  crops.  Forest  products 
and  maple  sugar  and  sirup  are  mainly  derived  from 
unimproved  land  and  statistics  of  acreage,  even  if 
they  could  be  obtained  accurately,  would  have  little 
significance. 

In  any  comparison  of  the  crop  of  one  year  with  that 
of  another,  acreage,  where  reported,  forms  a  more 
accurate  index  than  either  the  amount  or  the  value 
of  the  crop.  The  crop  yield  is  subject  to  variations' 
from  year  to  year,  according  to  the  prevalence  of 
adverse  or  favorable  weather  conditions,  while  aggre- 
gate values  reflect  changes  in  the  price  per  unit  as 
well  as  in  the  amount  of  the  crop.  On  the  other  hand, 
in  the  comparison  of  one  crop  with  another  the 
respective  acreages  do  not  indicate  the  relative  impor- 
tance so  accurately  as  do  aggregate  values,  since  the 
value  of  the  yield  per  acre  for  one  crop  may  be  much 
greater  than  for  another. 


CEOPS  IN  GENEEAL. 


UNITED  STATES  AS  A  WHOLE. 


Acreage  and  valne  of  all  crops:  1909  and  1899. — 

The  principal  results  of  the  census  of  agriculture 
which  relate  to  crops  for  1909  and  for  1899  for  the 
United  States  as  a  whole  are  given  in  Table  1 ,  on  the 
following  page. 

The  total  value  of  all  the  crops  of  the  United 
States  in  1909  was  $5,487,000,000,  as  compared  with 
$2,999,000,000  in  1899.  The  increase  in  the  later 
year  as  compared  with  the  earlier  was  therefore 
$2,488,000,000,  or  83  per  cent. 

The  value  of  the  crops  for  which  reports  of  acreage 
were  secured  amounted  in  1909  to  $5,074,000,000,  or 
about  nine-tenths  of  the  value  of  all  crops.  The  total 
acreage  of  crops  with  acreage  reports  in  1909  was 
311,293,382.  In  April,  1910,  the  land  in  farms  in  the 
United  States,  according  to  the  census  returns, 
amounted  to  878,798,325  acres,  of  which  478,451,750 
acres  were  improved.  The  crops  with  acreage  reports, 
therefore,  occupied  35.4  per  cent  of  the  total  land  in 
farms  and  65.1  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  land. 
If  the  acreage  of  fruit  and  nut  crops  grown  on  im- 
proved land  were  added,  the  proportion  of  improved 
land  occupied  by  all  crops  would  probably  be  between 
66  and  67  per  cent.     The  crops  with  acreage  reports 


in  1899  occupied  283,218,280'  acres,  or  68.3  per  cent 
of  the  improved  land  reported-  at  the  census  of  1900. 
The  area  devoted  to  these  crops  increased  by  9.9  per 
cent  between  1899  and  1909,  while  improved  land  in 
farms  increased  by  15.4  per  cent  in  the  same  period. 
The  improved  land  not  occupied  by  the  crops  specified 
includes  land  in  improved  pastures,  land  occupied  by 
orchards,  for  which  acreage  was  not  reported,  land 
lying  fallow,  and  land  in  house  yards  and  barnyards. 
It  is  possible  that,  because  of  the  difficulty  in  dis* 
criminating  precisely  between  improved  and  unim- 
proved land,  the  figures  for  the  improved  land  at 
the  last  two  censuses  are  not  wholly  comparable. 
Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  improved  farm 
land,  as  reported,  increased  by  64,000,000  acres, 
while  land  in  crops  for  which  the  acreage  was  given 
increased  only  28,000,000  acres.  It  should  be  noted, 
however,  that  the  acreage  devoted  to  orchards  and  vine- 
yards probably  increased  during  the  decade.  There 
was  also  an  increase  of  20.4  per  cent  in  the  number  of 
dairy  cows,  and  doubtless  a  considerable  increase  in 
the  improved  land  in  pastures.  In  addition  to  these 
increases,  it  is  quite  probable  that  the  amount  of  land 
lying  fallow  is  greater  at  the  present  time  than  it  was 
a  decade  ago  because  of  the  constant  cropping. 

(359) 


360  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE  OF  ALL  CROPS,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 


Table  1 


1909 


1899 


All  crops 

With  acreage  reports ...  ,311 .  293, 382  283, 218, 280 
With  no  acreage  reports! 


Cereals 

Corn 

Oats 

Wheat 

Barley 

Buckwheat 

Rye 

Kafir  corn  and  milo 

maize 

Emmer  and  spelt 

Rough  rice 


Other  grains  and  seeds... 
With  acreage  reports . . 

Dry  edible  beans 

Other  beans 

Dry  peas 

Peanuts 

Flaxseed 

Miscellaneous  seeds. . 

Grass  seed 

Flower  and  vegetable 

seeds 


Hay  and  forage 

Tobacco 

Cotton  and  cotton  seed . 

Cotton 

Cottonseed' 


Sugar  crops 

With  acreage  reports. . . 

Sugar  beets 

Sorghum  cane 

Sugar  cane 

Maple  sugar  and  sirup 


Other  minor  crops 

With  acreage  reports . . 

Broom  corn 

Hemp 

Hops 

All  other 

With  no  acreage  reports 


Vegetables 

Potatoes 

Sweet    potatoes    and 

3rams 

Other  vegetables 


Fruits  and  nuts 

Small  fruits 

Strawberries 

Blackberries  and 

dewberries 

Raspberries  and  lo- 
ganberries  

Cranberries 

All  other 


Orchard  fruits 

Apples 

Peaches  and  nectar- 
ines  

Pears 

Plums  and  prunes. . . 

Cherries 

Apricots 

All  other 


Grapes. 


Tropical  and  subtrop- 
ical fruits 

Oranges 

Lemons 

Pomeloes  (grape- 
fruit)  

Figs : 

Pineapples 

Olives 

Another 


Nuts 

Almonds 

Pecans 

Wahiuts  (Persian  or 

English) 

All  other 


Flowers  and  plants 

Nursery  products 

Forest  products  of  farms. 


191.395,963 
98,382,665 
35, 159, 441 
44,262.592 
7.698,706 
878, 048 
2,195,561 

1,635,153 
573,622 
610, 176 


5,157,374 

802,991 

14,947 

1,305,099 

869,887 

2,083,142 

81,308 


72,280,776 
1,294,911 


32,043,838 


1,285,031 
364,093 
444,089 
476,849 


390,784 

326, 102 

7,647 

44,693 

12,342 


7,073,379 
3,668,855 


641,255 
2,763,269 


272,460 
143,045 

49,004 

48,668 
18,431 
13,312 


28,075,102 


184,982,220 
94,913,673 
29,539,698 
52,588,574 
4,470,196 
807,060 
2,054,292 

266,513 


342,214 


Jncrease.1 


Amount. 


4,075,120 
453,841 
25,738 
968,370 
516,654 

2,110,517 


61,691,069 
1,101,460 


24,275,101 


790,308 
110, 170 
293,152 
386,986 


286,213 
178,584 
16,042 
55,613 
35,974 


5,638,220 
2,938,778 


537,312 
2, 162, 130 


309,770 
151,363 

50,211 

60,916 
20,364 
26,916 


18,248 
80,618 


6,413,743 
3,468,992 
5,619,743 
-8,325,982 
3,228,510 
70,988 
141,269 

1,368,640 
573,622 
267,961 


1,082,254 
349, 150 
-10,791 
336, 729 
353,233 
-27,375 
81,308 


Per 
cent. 


9.9 


3.5 
3.7 

19.0 
-15.8 

72.2 
8.8 


513.5 


78.3 


10,589,707 
193,451 


7,768,737 


494,723 
253,923 
150,937 


104,571 
147,518 
-8,395 
-10,920 
-23,632 


1,435,159 
730,077 


103,943 
601, 139 


-37,310 
-8,318 

-1,207 

-12,248 
-1,933 
-13,604 


9,307 
59,492 


26.6 
76.9 
-41.9 
34.8 
68.4 
-1.3 


PRODUCTION. 


Unit. 


17.2 
17.6 


32.0 


62.6 
230.5 
51.5 
23.2 


36.5 

82.6 

—52.3 

-19.6 

-65.7 


25.5 
24.8 


19.3 

27.8 


-12.0 
-5.5 


-20.1 
-9.5 
-50.5 


8,941 
21, 126 


96.1 
35.5 


Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 

Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 


1909 


Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 
Bu. 


Bu. 


Tons. 
Lbs.. 


Bales. 
Tons. 


Tons. 
Tons. 
Tons. 


Lbs.. 
Lbs.. 
Lbs.. 


Bu. 


Qts... 
Qts... 

Qts... 

Qts... 
Qts... 
Qts... 

Bu... 
Bu... 

Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu... 

Lbs. . 


Boxes, 
Boxes, 

Boxes. 
Lbs. . . 
Crates, 
Lbs. . , 


Lbs. . . 
Lbs... 
Lbs... 

Lbs. . . 
Lbs. . . 


4,512,564,465 

2,552,189,630 

1,007,142,980 

683,379,259 

173,344,212 

14,849,332 

29, 520, 457 

17,597,305 
12,702,710 
21,838,580 


11,251,160 
179, 733 
7,129,294 
19,415,816 
19,512,765 


6,671,348 


97,453,735 
1,055,764,806 


10,649,268 
6,324,634 


3,932,857 
1,647,262 
6,240,260 


1899 


5, 169, 113 


9,002,886 


5,064,490 
143,388 

9,440,210 
11,964,109 
19,979,492 


4,865,078 


79,251,562 
868,112,865 


9,534,707 
4,767,363 


78,959,968 

7,483,296 

40, 718, 748 


389,194,965 
59,232,070 


426,566,863 
265,702,036 

66,343,570 

60,918,196 
38,243,060 
16,369,002 

216,083,695 
147,522,318 

35,470,276 
8,840,733 

16,480,170 

4,126,099 

4,150,263 

493,836 

2,671,065,205 


19,487,481 
2,770,313 

1, 189, 250 

35,060,395 

778, 661 

16,406,493 


62,328,010 
6,793,539 
9,890,769 

22,026,524 
8  23,617,178 


793,353 
1,910,046 
4,202,202 


Increase.  1 


Amount. 


Per 
cent. 


1,806,270 


18,202,173 
187,651,941 


1,114,661 
667,281 


3, 139, 504 
-262,784 
2,038,058 


90,947,370 
11, 750, 630 
49,209,704 


273,318,167 
42,617,412 


463,218,612 
257, 427, 103 

62,189,885 

76, 628. 107 
31,600,512 
35,373,005 

212,366,600 
175,397,600 

15,432,603 
6,625,417 
8,764,032 
2,873,499 
2,642,128 
630,321 

1,300,984,097 


6,167,891 
876,876 

30,790 

12,994,834 

95,456 

5,063,637 


40.028.825 
7,142,710 
3,206,860 

10,668,065 
'19,011,200 


>  A  minus  sign  (-)  denotes  decrease. 


-11,987,412 
-4,267,335 
-8,490,956 


115,876,798 
16,714,658 


-36,652,749 
-1,725,068 

-6,846,315 

-16,709,911 

6,642,648 

-19,014,003 

3,718,095 
-27,875,282 

20,037,673 
2,216,316 
6,716,138 
1,252,600 
1,508,135 
-136,485 

1,270,081,108 


13,319,690 
1,893,437 

1,158,460 

22,066,561 

683,195 

11,361,856 


22,299,185 
-349, 171 
6,683,919 

11,358,469 
4,605,978 


VALUE  (DOLLABS). 


1909 


1899 


Increase.i 


Amount. 


5, 487, 161, 223  2, 998, 704, 412  2, 488, 456, 811 

5, 073, 997, 594  2, 768, 339, 569  2, 305, 658, 025 

413,163,629     230,364,843     182,798,786 


395.7 

-13.8 

48.6 


-13.2 
-36.3 
-17.3 


42.4 
39.3 


-7.9 
-0.7 


-20.5 

21.0 

-53.8 

1.8 
-15.9 

129.8 
33.4 
76.6 
43.6 
57.1. 
-21.7 

97.6 


216.0 
215.9 

3,762.3 
169.8 
715.7 
224.6 


66.7 
-4.9 
208.4 

106.5 
24.2 


18,068,658 
13,987,552 
5, 134, 434 
412, 699 
7,844,745 
595,674 
4,081,106 

418, 110, 154 
166,423,910 

35,429,176 
216,257,068 

222,024,216 
29,974,481 
17,913,926 

3,909,831 

6.132,277 
1,756,613 
1,262,834 

140,867,347 
83,231,492 

28,781,078 
7,910,600 

10,299,496 

7,231.160 

2,884,119 

529,403 

22,027,961 


24,706,753 
17, 566, 464 
2,993,738 

2,060,610 
803,810 
734,090 
404,674 
143,467 

4, 447, 674 
711,970 
971,696 

2,297,336 
<  466, 77f 

34.872,329 
21,050,822 
195.306,283 


9,590,792 

8,800,834 

3,588,414 

646,338 

4,081,929 

584,153 

789,958 

238,631,761 
98,380,110 

19,869,840 
120,281,811 

133,048,721 
26,029,757 


83,760,961 


14,090,234 


8,227,838 


<  1,949,931 


18,758,864 

10,123,873 

109,864,774 


29,044,253 
26,603,165 
16,557,484 
♦,071,355 
5,874,316 
2,541,098 

8,477,866 
6, 186, 718 
1,646,020 
-133,639 
3,762,816 
11,521 
3,291,148 

179,578,393 
68,043,800 

15,559,336 
95,976,267 

88,975,495 
4,944,724 


67,116,386 


7, 937, 727 


16,478,915 


2,497,743 


16,113,465 
10,926,949 
86,441,509 


Per 

cent. 

83.0 
83.3 
79.3 


70.2 
83.0 
122.5 
117.3 
157.9 

89.1 
88.4 
498.2 
66.7 
28.6 
96.4 

88.4 
68.9 
43.1 
-24.5 
92.2 
2.0 
416.6 

75.3 
69.2 

78.3 
79.8 

66.9 
19.8 


200.3 


128.1 


85.9 
107.9 

77.8 


'  Estimated. 


«  Does  not  include  coconuts,  which  are  reported  by  number.  ♦  Includes  value  of  coconuts. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


361 


The  total  value  of  crops  in  1909  was  equal  to  $59.66 
per  capita  of  tlie  population  of  the  United  States, 
while  the  value  per  capita  in  1899  was  $39.46.^  There 
were  6,361,502  farms  in  the  United  States  in  1910,  so 
that  the  value  of  crops  in  1909  was  equal  to  an  aver- 
age of  $863  per  farm,  while  the  average  value  of  crops 
per  farm  for  1899  was  $523. ^ 

The  Census  Bureau  has  made  no  attempt  to  ascer- 
tain the  total  net  value  of  farm  products  for  1909, 
including  both  that  of  crops  and  that  of  animal  prod- 
ucts. Merely  to  add  the  value  of  these  two  groups  of 
products  together  would  involve  extensive  duplication, 
since  large  quantities  of  the  crops  reported  are  fed  to 
the  animals  on  the  farms.  It  is  impossible  to  ascer- 
tain accurately  the  amount  of  such  duplication,  and 
the  attempt  to  do  so  which  was  made  at  the  Twelfth 
Census  was  not  considered  satisfactory  in  its  results. 
For  this  reason  the  relative  importance  of  crops  in 
the  aggregate  as  a  factor  in  the  agricultural  produc- 
tion of  the  United  States  can  not  be  determined  with 
accuracy. 

Belative  importance  of  different  crops:  1909  and 
1899. — In  comparing  the  statistics  for  individual 
crops  shown  in  Table  1,  it  should  be  noted  that  the 
returns  are  probably  more  accurate  for  the  leading 
crops  than  for  the  minor  crops.  The  reported  pro- 
duction of  fruits  and  vegetables  is  in  all  probability 
less,  than  the  true  production,  as  a  large  proportion  of 
these  products  are  consumed  on  the  farm  and  farmers 
are  apt  to  underestimate  the  amount  of  such  home 
consumption. 

The  relative  importance  of  the  various  individual 
crops  and  groups  of  crops  can  best  be  judged  from 
Table  2,  which  shows,  for  1909  and  1899,  the  per- 
centage of  the  total  improved  land  occupied  by  each 
important  crop  for  which  acreage  was  reported  and 
the  percentage  which  the  value  of  each  important 
crop  formed  of  the  total  for  all  crops.  The  table 
gives  also  the  average  value  of  each  crop  per  acre 
wherever  data  are  available. 

In  1909,  as  already  stated,  crops  with  acreage  re- 
ports occupied  65.1  per  cent  of  the  total  improved 
land.  Cereals  occupied  40  per  cent — nearly  five- 
eighths  of  the  total  acreage  of  land  in  crops  with  acre- 
age reports — hay  and  forage  15.1  per  cent,  and  cotton 
6.7  per  cent.  These  three  leading  groups  together 
thus  occupied  61.8  per  cent  of  the  improved  land. 
The  distribution  of  the  total  value  is  somewhat  differ- 
ent. Cereals  in  1909  contributed  48.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  crops,  hay  and  forage  15  per  cent, 
cotton  (including  cotton  seed)  15  per  cent,  vegetables 
(including  potatoes  and  sweet  potatoes  and  yams) 
7.6  per  cent,  fruits  and  nuts  4  per  cent,  forest  prod- 

'  These  per  capita  figures  are  based  on  the  population  of  the 
United  States  on  April  15, 1910,  and  June  1,  1900,  respectiA'ely. 

*  These  averages  are  based  on  the  number  of  farms  in  the  United 
States  on  April  15,  1910,  and  June  1,  1900,  respectively. 


ucts  of  farms  3.6  per  cent,  tobacco  1.9  per  cent,  and 
sugar  crops  1.1  per  cent,  leaving  only  3.1  per  cent 
for  the  other  minor  crops.  Among  the  individual 
crops,  corn,  which  occupied  20.6  per  cent  of  the  im- 
proved farm  land  in  1909  and  contributed  26.2  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops  in  that  year,  is  the 
most  important.  None  of  the  other  cereals  has  so 
great  a  value  as  either  hay  and  forage  or  cotton  (in- 
cludiag  cotton  seed).  As  judged  by  value,  wheat 
ranks  fourth  among  the  crops,  oats  fifth,  and  (dis- 
regarding forest  products  as  being  a  combination  of 
items)  potatoes  sixth. 

There  was  no  change  in  the  ranking  of  the  leading 
crops  between  1899  and  1909,  but  there  were,  never- 
theless, considerable  changes  in  the  proportion  of  im- 
proved land  occupied  by  some  of  them,  and  in  the 
proportion  contributed  to  the  total  value  of  crops. 


Table  2 

PEE  CENT  OF 
IKPEOVED 
FARU  LAND 
OCCUPIED. 

PER  CENT  OF 

TOTAL  VAUm 

OF  CROPS. 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

ACRE. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

All  crops 

100.0 
92.6 
7.5 

100.0 
92.3 
7.7 

With  acreage  reports 

•5.1 

•8.S 

116.30 

$9.77 

Cereals 

40.0 

ao.e 

7.3 
9.3 
1.6 
0.2 
0.5 
0.3 
0.1 
0.1 

0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.4 

44.6 
22.9 
7.1 
12.7 
1.1 
0.2 
0.5 
0.1 

■■'o.i' 

0.1 
0.2 
0.1 
0.6 

48.6 
26.2 
7.6 
12.0 
1.7 
0.2 
0.4 
0.2 
0.1 
0.3 

0.4 
0.2 
0.3 
0.5 

0.3 

15.0 

1.9 

15.0 

0.4 
0.2 
0.5 
0.1 

0.1 

7.6 
3.0 
0.6 
3.9 

4.0 
0.5 
2.6 
0.4 
0.5 
0.1 

0.6 
0.4 
3.6 

49.4 

27.6 
7.2 

12.3 
1.4 
0.2 
0.4 

(') 

""6.' 2' 

0.3 
0.3 
0.2 
0.7 

0.3 

16.1 
1.9 
12.4 

0.1 
0.2 
0.7 
0.1 

0.1 

'o\ 

8.0 
3.3 
0.7 
4.0 

4.4 
0.8 
2.8 
0.5 
0.3 
0.1 

0.6 
0.3 
3.7 

13.93 
14.62 
11.79 
14.86 
12.01 
10.63 
9.30 
6.62 
9.73 
26.25 

27.11 
8.40 
21.00 
13.91 

8.01 

Com 

8.73 

Oats 

7.36 

Wheat 

7.03 

9.31 

Buckwheat 

7.12 

Rye          

5.98 

Kafir  com  and  milo  maize 

Emmer  and  spelt 

6.13 

Rice 

18.50 

Other  grains  and  seeds: 

16.82 

Dry  peas 

8.17 

Peanuts 

14.07 

Flaxseed 

9.30 

Grass  seed  and  flower  and  veg- 

Hay  and  forage 

15.1 
0.3 
6.7 

0.1 
0.1 
0.1 

14.9 
0.3 
5.9 

(') 

0.1 

0.1 

11.40 
80.55 
25.74 

54.60 
22.91 
55.40 

7.85 

Tobacco 

51.74 

Cotton  (including  cotton  seed) 

Sugar  crops: 

Sugar  beets 

15.27 
30.16 

Sorghum  cane 

20.82 

Sugar  cane 

63.08 

Maple  sugar  and  sirup. 

Sundry  minor  field  crops: 

0.1 

8 

1.5 
0.8 
0.1 
0.6 

1.4 

0.7 
0.1 
0.5 

15.74 
63.97 
175.53 

20.00 

34.06 

Hops 

73.40 

Potatoes 

45.36 
55.25 
78.26 

33.48 

Sweet  potatoes  and  yams, 

Other  vegetables 

36.98 
55.63 

Small  fruits 

0.1 

0.1 

110.01 

80.80 

Grapes 

Nuts 



Flowers  and  plants. 

0) 

?! 

1,911.02 
261.12 



2,015.57 

Nursery  products 

170.17 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

By  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  wheat  area  dimin- 
ished and  that  of  com  failed  to  keep  pace  with  the 
increase  in  improved  land,  both  of  these  leading 
crops,  and  the  cereal  group  as  a  whole,  occupied  a 
smaller  percentage  of  the  improved  farm  land  of  the 
coimtry  in  1909  than  in  1899,  while  hay  and  forage 


362 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


LAND  AREA,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION:  APRIL  15,  1910. 
(Crop  Acreage:  1909.) 


IMPROVED  LAND,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION:  1909.  IMPROVED  LAND,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION:  1899. 


VALUE  OF  ALL  CROPS,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION 
BY  CROPS:  1909. 


VALUE  OF  ALL  CROPS,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION 
BY  DIVISIONS:  1909. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


363 


and  cotton  occupied  a  larger  percentage.  Hay  and 
forage  as  well  as  the  cereals,  however,  contributed  a 
somewhat  smaller  proportion  of  the  total  value  of 
crops  in  1909  than  in  1899,  while  cotton  (including 
cotton  seed)  contributed  a  materially  larger  propor- 
tion. The  combined  acreage  of  cereals  increased  only 
3.5  per  cent  during  the  decade  1899-1909,  while  that 
of  hay  and  forage  increased  17.2  per  cent  and  that  of 
cotton  32  per  cent.  Certain  minor  crops  show  higher 
percentages  of  increase  in  acreage  than  these  leading 
crops. 

The  average  value  of  crops  per  acre,  for  all  crops 
with  acreage  reports  combined,  was  $9.77  in  1899, 
and  $16.30  in  1909.  Naturally  great  differences  ap- 
pear among  the  individual  crops  with  respect  to 
average  value  per  acre.  These  differences  in  no  way 
indicate  the  relative  profitableness  of  the  different 
crops,  however,  as  some  crops  require  the  use  of  much 
more  valuable  land  and  more  expensive  methods  of 
cultivation  than  others. 

Belation  of  prices  to  increase  in  value:  1899  to 
1909. — A  large  part  of  the  extraordinary  increase  in 
the  total  value  of  farm  crops  between  1899  and  1909 
is  attributable  to  higher  prices.  While  the  acreage 
of  crops  with  acreage  reports  increased  only  9.9  per 
cent,  the  value  of  such  crops  increased  83.3  per  cent. 
The  percentages  of  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the 
various  individual  crops,  as  shown  in  Table  1,  were  in 


nearly  all  cases  much  less  than  the  percentages  of 
increase  in  the  value.  Thus,  for  all  cereals  taken 
together,  the  production  increased  only  1.7  per  cent, 
while  the  value  increased  79.8  per  cent;  for  hay  and 
forage  the  production  increased  23  per  cent  and  the 
value  70.2  per  cent;  and  for  cotton  (including  cotton 
seed)  the  production  increased  11.7  per  cent  and  the 
value  122.5  per  cent. 

Table  3  shows,  for  the  leading  individual  crops  for 
which  both  quantity  produced  and  value  were  re- 
ported at  both  censuses,  the  average  value  per  unit 
in  1899  and  1909,  with  the  percentage  of  increase.  It 
also  shows  the  value  which  would  have  been  reported 
for  each  crop  in  1909  if  the  average  value  per  unit  had 
been  the  same  in  that  year  as  in  1899.  In  each  case 
a  comparison  of  the  value  of  the  1909  crop  computed 
on  this  basis  with  the  actual  value  of  the  crop  of 
1899  shows  the  increase  in  value  during  the  decade 
which  was  due  to  increased  production;  while  a  com- 
parison of  this  computed  value  with  the  actual  value 
of  the  crop  in  1909  shows  the  increase  duriag  the 
decade  which  was  due  to  the  increase  in  prices.  For 
certain  crops,  principally  fruits  and  nuts,  the  values 
were  not  reported  separately  in  1900,  and  for  certain 
other  crops  quantities  were  not  reported  at  either 
census,  but  the  table  covers  nine-tenths  of  the  crops  of 
the  country  as  measured  by  value. 


Table  3 


All  crops 

Crops  compared 

Crops  not  compared , 


Cereals 

Corn 

Oats 

Wheat 

Barley 

Buckwheat 

Rye 

Kafir  com  and  milo 

maize 

Emmer  and  spelt. . . 
Rough  rice 


Drv  edible  beans. 

Other  beans 

Dry  peas 

Peanuts 

Flaxseed 

Grass  seed 


Hay  and  forage. 

Tobacco 

Cotton 

Cottonseed 

Sugar  beets 

Sorghum  cane.. 


Broom  com 

Hemp 

Hops 

Potatoes 

Sweet   potatoes  and 
yams 


Small  fruits... 
Orchard  fruits. 
Nuts 


Unit. 


Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu... 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 

Bu.. 
Bu... 
Bu.. 

Bu.. 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 
Bu.. 

Ton. 
Lb.. 
Bale 
Ton. 
Ton. 
Ton. 

Lb.. 
Lb.. 
Lb.. 
Bu.. 

Bu.. 

Qt.. 
Bu.. 
Lb.. 


AVEBAOE  VALUE  PEK  UNIT. 


190» 


SO.  50365 
0.41176 
0.96236 
0.53338 
0.62835 
0.69179 

0. 61469 
0.43960 
0.73355 

1.93504 
1.34121 
1.53784 
0.94108 
1.48470 
2.26906 

8.45534 
0. 09879 
66.07208 
22. 73902 
5.05503 
6. 17659 

0.06503 
0.05515 
0. 19266 
0. 42761 

0.59814 

0.07027 
0. 65191 
0.07136 


1899 


to.  31061 
0. 23013 
0. 56177 
0.34799 
0.51167 
0.48069 

0.26446 


0.70306 

1.50729 
0. 93511 
0.83780 
0. 60769 
0.98225 
1. 69132 

6.11035 
0.06565 
33. 95575 
9.84835 
4.18885 
3. 19526 

0. 03946 
0.04649 
0.08295 
0.35995 

0.46733 

0.05403 
0.39437 
0.04871 


Increase: 
18W  to  190» 


$0.25304 
0. 18163 
0.40059 
0.18539 
0.11668 
0.21110 

0.35023 
0.43960 
0.03049 

0.42775 
0.40610 
0.70004 
0.33339 
0.50245 
0. 57774 

2.34499 
0.03314 
32. 11633 
12.89067 
0.86618 
2.98133 

0.02557 
0.00866 
0. 10971 
0.06766 

0.13081 

0.01624 
0.25754 
0.02265 


Per 
cent. 


81.5 
78.9 
71.3 
53.3 
22.8 
43.9 

132.4 


4.3 

28.4 
43.4 
83.6 
54.9 
51.2 
34.2 

38.4 
50.5 
94.6 
130.9 
20.7 
93.3 

64.8 
18.6 
132.3 
18.8 

28.0 

30.1 
65.3 
46.5 


96,487,161.223 

4, 934 ,  489 .  828  Va,  962, 358, 477 
552.671,395 


VALUE  OF  CROPS. 


As  reported: 
1M« 


Computed 

for  1909  on 

basis  of 

prices  of 

1899. 


12,998,704,412 

2, 691, 978, 541 

306,725,871 


2,665,539,714 

1,438,553,919 

414,697,422 

657,656,801 

92,458,571 

9,330,592 

20,421,812 

10,816,940 
5,584,050{ 
16,019,607 

21,771,482 
241,060 
10,963,739 
18,271,929 
28,970,554 
15,137,683 

824,004,877 
104,302,856 
703,619,303 
121,076,984 
19,880,724 
10,174,457 

5,134,434 

412,699 

7,844,745 

166,423,910 

35,429,176 

29,974,481 

140,867,347 

4,447,674 


1,510,529,214 

792,735,621 

231,773,814 

383,901,966 

60,322,052 

7,597,958 

14, 190, 188 

4,653,783 

"'is,' 353,' 832 

16,958,761 
168,070 
5,972,923 
11,798,797 
19,166,412 
11,283,384 

595,476,430 
69,310,960 

361,603,882 
52,438,859 
16,474,148 
5,263,430 

3, 115, 760 

347,898 

3,377,620 

140,090,728 

27,680,923 

23,047,354 
85,216,927 
3,035,997 


As  reported: 
1899 


92.488,466,811     83.0 

2,242,511,287     83.3 
245, 945, 524     80. 2 


1,482,603,049 

828,192,388 

217,098,584 

369,945,320 

41,631,762 

5,747,853 

12,290,540 

1,367,040 


6,329,562 

7,633,636 
134,084 
7,908,966 
7,270,515 
19,624,901 
8,228,417 

484,254,703 

56,987,902 

323,758,171 

46,950,575 

3,323,240 

6, 103, 102 

3,588,414 

546,338 

4,081,929 

98,380,110 

19,869,840 

25,029,757 

83,750,961 

1,949,931 


increases:  1899  to  1909  > 


On  basis  of  values 
as  reported. 


Amount. 


Per 
cent. 


1,182,936,665 
610,361,531 
197,598,838 
287,711,481 
50,826,809 
3,682,739 
8,131,272 

9,449,900 
5,584,050 
9,690,045 

14,137,846 

106,976 

3,054,773 

11,001,414 
9,345,653 
6,909,266 

339,756,174 
47,314,954 

379,861,132 
74,126,409 
16,557,484 
4,071,355 

1,546,020 

-133,639 

3,762,816 

68,043,800 

15,559,336 

4,944,724 
57,116,386 
2,497,743 


79.8 
73.7 
91.0 
77.8 
122.1 
62.3 
66.2 

691.3 


153.1 

185.2 
79.8 
38.6 

151.3 
47.6 
84.0 

70.2 
83.0 
117.3 
157.9 
498.2 
66.7 

43.1 

-24.5 

92.2 

69.2 

78.3 

19.8 
68.2 
128.1 


On  basis  of  prices 
ofl899forcrops 
of  1909. 


Amount. 


9270,379,936 


27,926,165 

-36,456,767 

14,675,230 

13,966,646 

18,690,290 

1,850,105 

1,899,648 

3,286,743 


9,024,270 

9,325,125 
33,986 
-1,936,043 
4,528,282 
-458,489 
3,054,967 

111,221,727 
12,323,058 
37,845,711 

5,488,284 
13,150,908 

-839,672 

-472,654 

-198,440 

-704,309 

41,710,618 

7,811,083 

-1,982,403 
1,465,966 
1,086,066 


Per 
cent. 


10.0 


91,972,131,351 


1.9 
-4.3 

6.8. 

3.8 
44.9 
32. 2| 
15. 5j 

240.4 


142.6 

122.2 

25.3 

-24.5 

62.3 

-2.3 
37.1 

23.0 
21.6 
11.7 
11.7 
395.7 
-13.8 

-13.2 

-36.3 

-17.3 

42.4 

39.3 

-7.9 

1.8 

55.7 


EXCESS  OF  ACTUAL 
VALUES  OF  CBOP3 
OF  1909  OVER 
VALUES  COM- 
PUTED   FOR   1009 

ON    BASIS    or 

PRICES  OF  1899. 


Amount. 


1,155,010,500 
645,818,298 
182,923,608 
273,754,835 
32,136,519 
1,732,634 
6,231,624 

6,163,157 

5,584,050 

665,775 

4,812,721 
72,990 
4,990,816 
6,473,132 
9,804,142 
3,854,299 

228,528,447 

34,991,896 

342,015,421 

68,638,125 

3,406,576 

4,911,027 

2,018,674 

64,801 

4,467,125 

26,333,182 

7,748,253 

6,927,127 

55,650,420 

1,411,677 


Per 
cent. 


76.5 
81.6 
78.9 
71.3 
53.3 
22.8 
43.9 

132.4 


4.3 

28.4 
43.4 
83.0 
54.9 
51.2 
34.2 

38.4 
50.5 
94.6 
130.9 
20.7 
93.3 

64.8 
18.6 
132.3 
18.8 

28.0 

30.1 
65.3 
46.5 


1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


364 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  total  reported  value  of  crops  in  1899,  compared 
in  Table  3,  was  $2,691,979,000,  and  the  total  reported 
value  of  the  same  crops  m  1909,  $4,934,490,000, 
an  increase  of  83.3  per  cent.  Had  the  prices  of 
1899  prevailed,  however,  the  value  of  these  crops  in 
1909  would  have  amounted  to  $2,962,358,000,  or  an 
increase  of  only  10  per  cent  over  1899,  which  indicates 
substantially  the  increase  in  the  volume  of  the  prod- 
uct. The  difference  between  $2,962,358,000  and 
$4,934,490,000,  or  $1,972,132,000,  represents  the 
amount  added  to  the  value  of  these  crops  by  reason  of 
the  increase  in  prices  over  those  for  1899,  the  average 
percentage  of  increase  in  prices  being  thus  66.6.  For 
the  most  important  individual  crop,  corn,  the  table 
shows  that  the  actual  value  in  1909  was  $1,438,554,000, 
or  73.7  per  cent  more  than  the  value  of  the  crop  of  1899. 
If  there  had  been  no  change  in  value  per  bushel  the 
value  of  the  1909  crop  would  have  been  $792,736,000, 
or  less  than  the  value  of  the  crop  of  1899.  The 
difference,  $645,818,000,  represents  the  addition  to  the 
value  of  the  com  crop  of  1909  by  reason  of  the  increase 
of  81.5  per  cent  in  the  average  value  per  bushel. 

Increase  of  crop  prodnction  and  consumption:  1899 
to  1909. — The  percentage  given  above,  10  per  cent, 
as  representiQg  the  increase  in  the  value  of  the  crops 
of  1909,  on  the  basis  of  the  1899  prices,  over  the  value 
of  the  same  crops  in  1899,  is  nothing  else  than  a  con- 
solidated expression  of  the  general  increase  in  the  quan- 
tity of  crops  produced.  Covering,  as  it  does,  nin&- 
tenths  of  the  crops  of  the  country,  it  may  properly  be 
compared  with  the  increase  of  21  per  cent  in  the  popu- 
lation of  the  United  States  between  1900  and  1910. 
During  the  decade  the  increase  in  the  number  of  farms 
was  10.9  per  cent,  the  increase  in  rural  population  11.2 
per  cent,  and  the  increase  in  urban  population  34.8  per 
cent.  As  already  stated,  the  total  acreage  of  crops  with 
acreage  reports  increased  9.9  per  cent  between  1899  and 
1909.  It  would  appear,  therefore,  that  in  the  aggre- 
gate there  was  practically  no  difference  in  the  average 
quantity  of  crops  produced  per  acre  in  the  two  years. 

The  increasing  consumption  of  crops  in  the  country 
has  been  supplied  only  in  part  by  an  increased  produc- 
tion, the  remainder  being  furnished  in  large  measure  by  a 
curtailment  of  agricultural  exports.  Thus  in  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30, 1900,  the  exportations  of  domestic 
breadstuffs  amounted  to  $262,744,078  *  in  value,  while 
in  the  fiscal  year  1910  the  exports  of  such  commodities 
had  sunk  to  almost  one-half  of  this  value,  namely, 
$133,191,330.*  In  view  of  the  increase  of  prices  in 
the  10  years,  it  will  readily  be  understood  that  the 
exports  have  decreased  in  quantity  considerably  more 
than  appears  from  the  decrease  in  value. 

Acreage  of  leading  crops:  1879  to  1909. — ^Because  of 
the  difficulties  arising  from  changes  in  prices,  as  well 
as  because  of  some  differences  in  the  classification  of 

'  See  Statistical  Abstract  of  the  United  States,  1910,  Table  217, 
page  431. 


crops,  a  complete  comparison  of  the  census  returns 
for  1909  with  those  obtained  by  the  censuses  prior 
to  1899  is  not  practicable.  For  some  of  the  leading 
crops,  however,  a  comparison  with  the  censuses  of 
1879  and  1889,  as  well  as  of  1899,  can  be  made  upon  the 
basis  of  acreage.  The  acreage  of  all  cereals  in  1879 
was  119,000,000.  It  advanced  in  1889  to  140,000,00a 
and  in  1899  to  184,000  000.  The  increase  in  the 
acreage  of  some  other  important  crops  was  more 
marked.  In  1879  the  acreage  of  hay  and  forage 
was  30,000,000,  advancing  to  53,000,000  in  1889,  to 
62,000,000  in  1899,  and  in  1909,  to  72,000,000,  which 
was  considerably  more  than  double  the  acreage  of  30 
years  before.  During  the  same  period  of  time  the 
cotton  acreage  has  more  than  doubled,  the  acreage 
in  1879  being  15,000,000  and  in  1909  32,000,000 
Tobacco  advanced  comparatively  little  in  acreage 
from  1879  to  1889  (639,000  to  695,000),  but  in  1899 
tobacco  was  harvested  from  1,101,000  acres  and  in 
1909  from  1,295,000.  Thus,  among  these  four  crops 
for  which  acreage  figures  are  available  for  four  cen- 
suses, the  increase  in  the  combined  cereals  has  been 
less  than  that  of  the  other  crops,  and  in  their  propor- 
tion of  the  aggregate  acreage  represented  by  these 
crops  the  cereals  are  at  the  present  time  less  important 
than  they  were  30  years  ago.  For  these  four  crops 
the  increase  in  the  acreage  from  1879  to  1909  amounted 
to  80.5  per  cent,  while  the  population  of  the  country 
increased  83.4  per  cent  between  1880  and  1910. 

DIVISIONS  AND   STATES. 

Distribution  of  all  crops,  by  divisions:  1909  and 
1899. — Table  4  shows  for  each  of  the  nine  geographic 
divisions  and  also  for  certain  larger  sections  of  the 
country  the  total  acreage  and  value  of  all  crops  with 
acreage  reports,  and  the  total  value  of  all  crops,  in- 
cluding those  without  acreage  reports,  in  1909  and 
1899.  Table  5  gives  percentages  and  averages  based 
on  Table  4.  The  North  includes  the  first  four  geo- 
graphic divisions,  the  South  includes  the  next  three, 
and  the  West  the  last  two. 

In  the  West  North  Central  division,  where  the  pro- 
portion of  improved  land  occupied  in  1909  by  crops 
with  acreage  reports  was  highest,  these  crops  occupied 
69.8  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  farm  acreage  in 
that  year,  while  in  the  Pacific  division,  where  the  pro- 
portion was  lowest,  they  occupied  48.3  per  cent.  The 
Pacific  division  has  a  larger  amount  of  land  devoted 
to  fruits  and  cultivated  nuts  than  any  of  the  other 
geographic  divisions,  but  it  is  probable  that  even  in 
that  division  the  land  in  such  crops  in  1909  scarcely 
exceeded  one-sixth  of  the  land  in  crops  for  which  the 
acreage  was  reported. 

Of  the  total  value  of  all  crops  those  without  acreage 
reports  represent  somewhat  less  than  10  per  cent. 
Such  crops  are  relatively  important  in  the  New  Eng- 
land and  Pacific  divisions,  where  fruit  crops  and  forest 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


365 


products  of  farms  contribute  a  considerable  proportion 
of  tlie  value  of  all  crops.     The  contribution  of  such 


crops  to  the  total  value  is  relatively  least  in  the  West 
North  Central  division. 


Table  4 

ACEEAGE  OF  CROPS  WITH  ACEEAOE  REPOETS. 

!        VALUE  OF  CSOPS  "WITH  ACEEAGE  EEPOETS. 

VALUE  OF  ALL  CBOPS. 

DIVISION  OE  SECTION. 

1909 

1899 

Increase.' 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

Acres. 

Per 
cent. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

United  States. . 
New  England 

311,293,382 

4,658,850 
17,329,196 
59,790,579 
114,689,460 
30,279,427 
25,775,920 
39,273,594 

8,859,062 
10,637,294 

283,218,280 

4,865,803 
18,619,446 
59,223,811 
101,243,210 
28,337,150 
25,315,596 
29,857,098 

5,392,495 
10,363,671 

28.075,102 

-206.953 

-1,290,250 

566.768 

13,446,250 

1,942,277 

460,324 

9,416,496 

3,466,567 

273,623 

9.9 

-4.3 

-6.9 

1.0 

13.3 

6.9 

1.8 

31.5 

64.3 

2.6 

15,073,997,594 

114,399,237 
359,434,892 
1,047,989,193 
1,403,517,581 
673,225,482 
509,467,342 
600,133,113 
152,358,297 
213,472,457 

12,768,339,569 

79.380.064 
263,721,811 
622,755,503 
714,017,756 
319,874,805 
287,920,942 
321,007,404 

54,187,588 
105,467,696 

$2,305,658,025 
35,019,173 
95,713,081 
425,233,690 
689,499,825 
353,350,677 
221,540,400 
279,125,709 
98,170,709 
108,004,761 

83.3 

44.1 
36.3 
08.3 
90.6 
110.5 
76.9 
87.0 
181.2 
102.4 

$5,487,161,223 

141,113,829 
416.248.625 
1,117,182,100 
1,445,909.494 
742,105,246 
551,282,286 
628,343,039 
163,897,753 
281,078,791 

$2,998,704,412 

9,5,220,019 
304,829,335 
674,955,402 
736,910,961 
348,918,717 
307,782,583 
332,651,290 

56,731,550 
140,704,549 

$2,488,456,811 

45,893,810 
111,419,290 
442,220,758 
708,998,533 
393, 186, 529 
243,499,703 
295,691,749 
107,166,197 
140,374,242 

83.0 

48.2 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . :. 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.... 
tVest  South  Central... 

36.5 
65.5 
96.2 

112.7 
79.1 
88.9 

188.9 

Pacific 

99.8 

The  North 

196,468,065 
95,328,941 
19,496,356 

183,952,270 
83,509,844 
15,756,166 

12,515,815 
11,819,097 
3,740,190 

6.8 
14.2 
23.7 

S    2,925,340,903 
!    1,782,825,937 
1        365,830,754 

1,679,875,134 
928,809,151 
159,655,284 

1,245,465,769     74.1 
854,016,786     91.9 
206,175,470   129.1 

3,120,454,108 

1,921,730,571 

444,976,544 

1,811,915,717 
989,352,590 
197,436,105 

1,308,538,391 
932,377,981 
247,540,4.39 

72.2 

The  South 

94.2 

The  West 

125.4 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
Westolthe  Mississippi. 

137,833,972 
173,459,410 

136,361,806 
146,856,474 

1,472,166 
26,002,936 

1.1 

18.1 

2,704,516,14(1 
2,369,431,448 

1,573,659,12,5 
1,194,680,444 

1,130,857,021 
1,174,801,004 

71.9 
98.3 

2.967,932, 14(i 
2-,  519, 229, 077 

1,731,706,056 
1,266,998,356 

1,236,226,090 
1,252,230,721 

71.4 
98.8 

1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Table  5 

AVERAGE 

PER  CENT  or 

PEE  CENT  OF 

VALUE  OF 

TOTAL FAEM 

IMPROVED 

DISTRIBU- 

CROPS WITH 

ACREAGE  IN 

FARM  LAND 

TION  OF 

ACREAGE 

CEOP3  WITH 

IN  CE0P8 

VALUE  OF 

REPORTS  PER 

DIVISION  OB  SECTION. 

ACREAGE 

WITH  ACEE- 

ALL  CROPS. 

ACRE  OF 

REPORTS. 

AGE  REPORTS. 

LAND  IN  SUCH 

CROPS. 

1909 

1899 

1M» 

18W 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

United  Stet0s.. 

S6.4 

3S.8 

65.1 

«8.S 

100.0 

100.0 

16.80 

9.77 

New  England 

23.6 

23.7 

64.2 

59.8 

2.6 

3.2 

21.56 

16.31 

Middle  Atlantic 

40.1 

41.5 

59.1 

60.6 

7.6 

10.2 

20.74 

14.16 

East  North  Central . . . 

50.7 

50.9 

67.2 

68.3 

20.4 

22.5 

17.53 

10.52 

West  North  Central... 

49.3 

50.4 

69.8 

74.6 

26.4 

24.6 

12.24 

7.05 

fiouth  Atlantic 

29.2 

27.2 

62.5 

61.5 

13.5 

11.6 

22.23 

11.29 

East  South  Central . . . 

31.6 

31.2 

58.7 

62.9 

10.0 

10.3 

19.77 

11.37 

"West  South  Central.. . 

23.2 

16.9 

67.4 

75.1 

11.5 

11.1 

15.28 

10.75 

14.9 
20.7 

11.6 
21.9 

66.7 
48.3 

64.2 
55.3 

3.0 
5.1 

1.9 

4.7 

17.20 
20.07 

10.05 

Pacific 

10.18 

The  North 

47.5 

48.1 

67.8 

70.4 

56.9 

CO.  4 

14.89 

9.13 

The  South 

26.9 

23.1 

63.3 

66.2 

35.0 

33.0 

18.70 

11.12 

The  West 

17.6 

16.8 

51.4 

58.0 

8.1 

6.6 

18.76 

10.13 

"East  of  the  Mississippi. 

37.6 

37.1 

63.2 

64.3 

54.1 

57.7 

19.62 

11.54 

West  of  the  MLs,sissippi 

33.8 

31.2 

66.0 

72.5 

45.9 

42.3 

13.66 

8.14 

In  the  value  of  all  crops  (including  those  without 
acreage  reports)  the  West  North  Central  division  ranks 
first,  its  crops  in  1909  being  valued  at  $1,445,909,000, 
or  26.4  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  country.  This 
<ii vision,  however,  has  34,3  per  cent  of  the  improved 
farm  land  in  the  United  States.  The  East  North 
Central  division  contributed  more  than  one-fifth  of 
the  total  value  of  crops  in  1909,  and  the  South  Atlantic 
nearly  one-seventh.  Of  the  value  of  all  crops  the 
North  reported  56,9  per  cent,  the  South  35  per  cent, 
and  the  West  8.1  per  cent.  The  proportion  east  of  the 
Mssissippi  was  54.1  per  cent  and  that  west  of  the 
Ikiississippi  45.9  per  cent. 

In  all  of  the  geographic  divisions  except  the  New 
England  and  South  Atlantic,  crops  with  acreage 
reports  occupied  a  somewhat  smaller  proportion  of  the 
improved  acreage  in  1909  than  in  1S99.  In  the  New 
England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  the  acreage 
in  such  crops  decreased  between  1899  and  1909;  and 
&    decrease    would    doubtless    appear    for    all    crops 


combined  if  reports  of  acreage  were  available  for  all. 
The  increase  in  the  acreage  of  crops  ^vith  acreage 
reports  for  the  North  (mainly  in  the  West  North 
Central  division)  was  6,8  per  cent;  that  for  the  South 
(mainly  in  the  West  South  Central  division),  14.2  per 
cent;  and  that  for  the  West,  23.7  per  cent.  The  table 
shows  that  the  increase  for  the  territory  east  of  the 
Mississippi  was  only  1 . 1  per  cent,  while  for  that  west 
of  the  Mississippi  it  was  18.1  per  cent. 

The  absolute  increase  in  value  of  crops  between 
1899  and  1909  was  greatest  in  the  West  North  Central 
division  ($708,999,000),  but  the  percentage  of  increase 
in  that  division  (96,2)  was  less  than  that  in  the 
Mountain  division  (188.9),  that  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division  (112,7),  or  that  in  the  Pacific  division  (99,8 
per  cent).  For.  the  North  the  increase  in  value  of 
crops  was  72,2  per  cent,for  the  South  94,2  per  cent, 
and  for  the  West  125.4  per  cent, 

Belative  importance  of  leading  crops  in  the  total 
production  of  each  division,  section,  and  state :  1909. — 
Tables  6,  7,  and  8  have  for  their  purpose  the  indica- 
tion of  the  relative  importance  of  the  principal  indi- 
vidual crops  in  the  agriculture  of  each  geographic 
division,  section,  and  state. 

The  distribution  of  the  crops  varies  greatly  in  the 
different  divisions  and  sections.  As  shown  in  Table  6, 
the  value  of  cereals  constituted  75,4  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  crops  in  the  'West  North  Central  divi- 
sion and  65.4  per  cent  in  the  East  North  Central,  but 
in  no  other  division  did  the  proportion  exceed  35  per 
cent,  and  in  New  England  it  was  only  7.6  per  cent. 
As  judged  by  value,  hay  and  forage  is  the  most 
important  group  of  crops  in  the  New  England,  Middle 
Atlantic,  and  Mountain  divisions,  while  cotton  is  the 
most  important  crop  in  each  of  the  three  southern 
divisions;  in  the  South  as  a  whole  the  value  of  the 
cotton  crop  (including  cotton  seed)  in  1909  was  42.7 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  crops. 


866 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


VALUE  OF  ALL  CROPS,  PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION  BY  CROPS,  BY  DIVISIONS:  1909. 
NEW  ENGLAND.  MIDDLE  ATLANTIC.  EAST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


WEST  NORTH  CENTRAL. 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC. 


EAST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 


WEST  SOUTH  CENTRAL. 


MOUNTAIN. 


PACIFIC. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES.  367 

PERCENTAGE  OF  VALUE  OF  ALL  CROPS  REPRESENTED  BY  INDIVIDUAL  CROPS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  SECTIONS:  1909. 


Table  6 


DIVISION  OE  SECTION. 


TTnlted  States.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic , 

East  North  Central... 
West  North  Central.., 

South  Atlantic , 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi . 
West  of  the  Mississippi. 


Value 
of  all 
crops. 


100.0 

loao 

100.0 
100.0 

loao 
loao 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


loao 
loao 

100.0 


100.0 

loao 


£ 

to 
S 

o 


»2.6 

81.  1 
8&4 
93.8 
97.1 
9a7 
92.4 
95.5 
93.0 
75.9 


93.7 

92  8       ..^ 

82.  2     17. 8 


9L: 
94.1 


1^ 
2  <5 

it 


7.5 

1&9 
13.6 
&2 
29 
9.3 
7.6 
45 
7.0 
24.1 


8.9 
&9 


48.8 

7.6 
29.6 
65.4 
75.4 
26i2 
3L5 
3L0 
34.6 
32.3 


62  6 
29.3 
33.1 


4L6 
56.9 


86.2 

3.9 
ia9 
3&9 
34.8 
2ai 
27.4 
228 

28 

a6 


3L7 

23.1 

L4 


2&5 
25.9 


12.0 

ai 

7.6 
10.9 
25.2 
3.9 
29 
27 
15.8 
18.6 


16l6 
3.2 
17.6 


6.7 
1&2 


7.6 

29 
8.0 
13.3 
11.2 
L8 
L2 
20 
120 
4.8 


1L2 
L7 
7.5 


6l9 
&3 


21 

(•) 
&2 


a6 

3.0 


« 


0.4 

0.1 
L2 

a8 

a3 

ai 

ai 

(') 

a2 

ai 


ai 
ai 


a5 
a2 


0.2 

as 

L6 

ai 
0) 
ai 


as 

?! 


as 


ai 
as 
as 


(') 
a4 


IS. 
a" 


a2 

(») 
ai 


(•) 
a2 


0.3 


(') 
ai 
(') 

24 

(') 


(') 
0.8 
(') 


(') 

ao 


OTHER  GRAINS  AJiX)  SEEDS 
WITH  ACREAGE  REPORTS. 


1.6 

as 
a9 

L2 
20 
25 

a7 
as 

LO 
24 


L5 
L3 
1.9 


L4 

1.6 


ft 


0.4 

as 
ao 
a9 

(») 
(») 

as 

23 


a5 
(') 

L5 


as 
as 


0.2 

h 

as 

(») 

as 

as 

a2 

as 

ai 


ai 
as 
a2 


as 
ai 


a9 


ae 
ai 


a9 
C) 
a2 


Ll 


0.3 

(') 

ai 

ae 

a4 

(«) 

ai 

(•) 

ae 

a  4 


a4 
ai 
as 


as 
as 


15.0 
4L9 
3L4 
16.5 
14.6 
S.1 
5.4 
4.7 

4as 

26.5 


lft-8 

5.1 

3L7 


14.9 
15.2 


1.9 

4.0 

1.0 

1.4 

(') 

4.4 

&3 


0.8 
4.  1 


3.5 


2§ 


SUGAR  CROPS. 


DmSION  OB  SECTION. 


United  States.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . . . 
West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central . . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


The  North. 
The  South. 
The  West.. 


0.6 


as 
ae 
ai 
(•) 


L4 


East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi . 


a2 
a  8 


0.2 


ai 
ai 
a2 
ae 
as 
ai 
(•) 


ai 
a4 

(') 


a2 
a2 


a2 

(•) 

a2 


a2 

C.6 


5  m 


0.1 

LO 

a4 
a2 


a2 


a2 

(•) 


SUNDRY  MINOR  CROPS. 


O.S 

(') 

ae 

a2 

ai 

(') 

ai 

a4 

ai 

L9 


a2 
a2 

L2 


a2 
a4 


0.1 


ai 
ai 


a4 
ai 

(•) 


ai 
ai 

(•) 


ai 

(•) 


0.1 


LO 


ai 

(») 

L2 


ai 
a2 


VEGETABLES. 


7.6 
2L5 
17.4 
&9 
3.8 
AS 
7.5 
4.8 
ft3 
8.1 


7.5 
7.5 

a5 


9.9 
4.9 


S.O 
124 
ftO 
a4 
21 
L9 
Ll 

a9 

&3 
3.5 


a9 

L3 
4.2 


as 

22 


5| 

si 


0.6 

(•) 

a4 
ai 
ai 

22 
L7 
LO 

(•) 
ai 


ai 

L6 

ai 


a9 
as 


0.1 

ai 
as 

L7 

a7 

4.8 

ao 

4.0 
4.4 


as 

4.6 
4.2 


5.2 
24 


0.6 

as 

28 

as 
a2 
as 
a2 
ai 
as 
as 


a9 
a2 
a7 


LO 

as 


0.4 

a7 

LO 

as 
as 
a2 
a2 
as 
a4 

L3 


a4 
a2 
ao 


a4 
a4 


PRUITS  AND  NUTS. 


4.0 
7.0 
0.6 

ao 

L4 

as 

24 

L4 

5.4 

2L4 


as 

26 

16.  S 


4.2 

ao 


2.6 

S.2 
6.9 
22 
LO 
21 
20 

as 

4.7 
9.2 


24 
L7 
7.6 


29 
21 


0.5 
L7 
L4 

as 
as 
ae 
as 
as 
ae 

L2 


ae 
a4 

LO 


a7 
a4 


(') 

a4 
as 


as 
a? 


0.4 

ai 

L2 

as 
ai 
ai 
ai 
(») 
ai 
a9 


as 
ai 

25 


as 
as 


0.1 


ai 

(») 

Ll 


(») 

ai 
a  7 


(') 
a2 


3.6 

12  5 
46 
29 
L4 
5.9 
S.3 

as 
Le 
a  4 


28 
49 
27 


4  8 
21 


1  Includes  small  amounts  of  grains  and  seeds  of  secondary  importance. 
*  Crops  without  acreage  reports. 


*  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

*  Includes  small  amounts  of  minor  crops  of  secondary  importance. 


PERCENTAGE  OF  IMPROVED  FARM  ACREAGE  IN  INDIVIDUAL  CROPS,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  SECTIONS:  1909. 


Table  7 


DIVISION  OR 
SECTION. 


TToited  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  Nortli  Central . 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

TheNorth 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  Mississippi. . 
West  of  Mississippi. 


Im- 
proved 

farm 
land. 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 


Crops 
with 
acre- 
age re- 
ports. 


66.1 

64.2 
59.1 
67.2 
69.8 
62  5 
58.7 
67.4 
55. 7 
48.3 


67.8 
63.3 
51.4 


63.2 
66.6 


AU 
cere- 
als.! 


40.0 
6.5 
25.3 
47.6 
51.0 
31.5 
30.9 
33.4 
21.1 
26.3 


46.2 
321 
24.1 


36.3 
43.1 


OTHER  GRAINS  AND  SEEDS 
WITH  ACREAGE  REPORTS. 


1.1 

0.2 

a  4 
a  7 
i.s 

2  8 
0.8 

a  4 
ae 

0.8 


1.0 
1.3 

a  7 


1.1 

1.0 


0.2 

a'2 
a  4 

0.5 

a  2 
a  7 


a  2 
as 


as 
ai 


O.S 

^*} 

as 

1.4 

as 
a  2 
a  2 
(*) 


ai 
a  7 
o.\ 


as 
ai 


0.2 


a  6 


a  4 


as 
0) 


a  7 
(*) 
ai 


as 


16.1 

62  3 

29.1 

16.6 

16.7 

5.9 

5.7 

5.6 

3L2 

19.1 


18.8 
S.7 
24.2 


149 
15.3 


ai 
a  7 
0) 


a  6 


6.7 


ai 

18.6 
18.0 
25.8 

('^ 


21.2 


7.8 
5.8 


SUGAR  CROPS  WITH 
ACREAGE  REPORTS. 


0.8 

a  2 
ai 
a  2 
as 
as 
1.1 

0.4 


ai 
as 
a  7 


a  2 
as 


0.1 


1.0 

a  4 


a  7 


0) 
ai 


(<) 
a  2 


ai 
ai 


0.1 


ai 
ai 
a  6 


as 


ai 
ai 


SUNDRY 

KINOR 

CROPS  WITH 

ACREAGE 

REPORTS. 


a  2 
ai 


ai 


0.1 


a  4 
ai 
(«) 


a  2 


ai 


VEGETABLES. 


1.5 

46 
3.8 
1.8 
a  7 
23 
1.4 
a  9 
1.5 
1.4 


1.5 
1.5 
1.4 


2  2 
a  9 


0.8 
3.2 
2  5 
1.2 

as 

0.5 

as 
a  2 
1.1 
as 


1.0 

as 

0.9 


1.1 
as 


ai 

0) 
ai 
0) 
0) 
a  6 
a  4 
a  2 


0) 
a  4 


a  2 
ai 


0.6 
1.4 
1.2 
a  6 
0.2 
1.2 

as 
as 
as 

0.6 


as 
as 
as 


a  9 
a  3 


1  For  corresponding  percentages  for  important  individual  cereals  see  Tables  22  for  com,  24  for  wheat,  and  26  for  oats. 

'  Includes  small  amounts  for  grains  and  seeds  not  shown  separately. 

'  Includes  small  amounts  for  hops,  hemp,  and  other  minor  crops  not  shown  separately. 

*  Less  than  one-tentii  of  1  per  cent. 


368 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Vegetables,  including  potatoes  and  sweet  potatoes 
and  yams,  are  of  considerable  importance  in  every  geo- 
graphic division,  but  particularly  in  the  New  England 
and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions.  Fruits  and  nuts  con- 
tributed 21.4  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops  in  the 
Pacific  division  in  1909,  and  in  the  New  England  and 
Middle  Atlantic  divisions  these  crops  were  also  rela- 
tively important,  as  were  likewise  flowers  and  plants, 
nursery  products,  and  forest  products. 

Tobacco  contributes  a  considerable  proportion  of 
the  value  of  crops  in  the  New  England,  South  Atlantic, 
and  East  South  Central  divisions;  and  the  sugar  crops 
are  of  considerable  importance  in  the  West  South 
Central  division.  Most  of  the  other  crops  are  of  little 
relative  significance  in  any  division  of  the  country. 


The  relative  importance  of  the  leading  crops  in  each 
division  and  section  from  the  standpoint  of  acreage  is 
indicated  by  Table  7. 

The  distribution  of  acreage  among  the  several  crops 
in  general  conforms  more  or  less  closely  to  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  total  value,  so  that  little  additional 
comment  is  necessary. 

In  most  of  the  geographic  divisions  the  cereals,  hay 
and  forage,  and  cotton  together  occupy  nine-tenths 
or  more  of  the  total  acreage  of  crops  with  acreage 
reports.  No  other  crop  or  group  of  crops  approaches 
these  in  importance  as  judged  by  acreage,  in  any  divi- 
sion. Table  8  shows  for  individual  states,  by  percent- 
ages, the  relative  importance  of  the  principal  crops 
from  the  standpoint  of  value  and  acreage. 


Table  8 


XTnited  States 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centbal: 

OMo 

Indiana 

nirnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas , 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia , 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada. 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


pee  cent  of  total  value  of  crops  (1909)  represented  by- 


100.0 


a  =2 


100.0 
100. 0 
100. 0 
100.0 
100. 0 
100.0 

I 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100. 0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


80.0 
71.6 
79.7 
84.7 
86.6 
85.2 

83.4 
91.7 
88.7 

93.5 
94.7 
97.4 
87.6 
90.9 

96.1 
96.8 
92.6 
99.8 
99.1 
98.3 
98.4 

93.1 
90.4 
99.2 
86.0 
82.0 
89.5 
96.0 
94.61 
72.9 

90.6 
89.9 
94.2 
94.4 

91.6 
94.4 
97.8 
96.4 

95.8 
93.2 
97.7 
89.8 
90.5 
90.2 
94.6 
97.6 

89.7 
86.2 
65.6 


Cereals. 


48.6 


7.9 

5.5 

9.7 

5.1 

9.6 

9.1 

I 

20.6 

24.3 

42.2 

I 

59.9 

74.4 

79.9 

43.5 

49.3 

72.8 
73.2, 
67.  l' 
82.6 
78.8; 
78.3, 
78. 7j 

51.4 
49.9 
1.8 
39.8 
39.6 
26.5' 
17.9, 
18.7 
17.1^ 

43.7 
45.8 
21.4, 
18.2 

26.2 
32.0 
53.8 
22.5 

41.2 
46.6 
27.4 
29.0 
26.7 
28.6 
33.0 
15.6 

56.7 
36.4 
18.3 


1.1 
3.9 
4.0 
4.3 

8.5 
7.5 

5.5 
16.5 
16.4 

35.7 
48.2 
53.3 
18.3 
17.3 

15.8 
53.3 
48.6 
1.3 
21.0 
45.0 
37.6 

31.8 
25.1 
1.8 
28.7 
29.5 
21.9 
14.6 
16.4 
15.8 

36.3 
38.0 
19.9 
17.7 

23.4 
21.3 
36.0 
17.0 

0.6 
0.6 
1.0 
5.2 
11.0 
5.3 
0.7 
0.4 

0.5 
0.6 
0.7 


7.8   12.0 


0.2 
(1) 

0.1 
(') 
(') 

0.1 

3.4 
3.9 

13.7 


10.1  13.5 
9.3  16.5 
16.  o!  10.2 

11.4;    10.2 

19.3;    1.7 

17.6  29.0 
15.6  2.4 
4.6  13.6 
13.3  60.4 
12.8  34.2 
9.9i  22.5 
4.5|  34.5 

0.6   18.6 
1.3   22.5 

0)  

1.6' 
2.3, 
1.2, 
2.7 
1.9 
1.2| 


8.7 
6.7 
3.1 
0.3 
0.4 
(1) 


0.9i  6.3 

2.0  5.7 

1.5  0.1 

0.6  (1) 


1.4 
0.3 
5.4 
1.2 

20.7 
14.7 
18.2 
8.2 
5.1 
2.4 
9.0 
3.2 

7.4 
10.3 
1.7 


0.4 
(') 
10.4 
1.0 

17.9 
24.5 

6.4 
12.7 

5.7 

7.5 
20.4 

6.7 

44.5 

22.1 

4.1 


15.0 


38.4 
49.1 
59.5 
35.3 
33.3 
32.1 

37.0 
18.  9 
27.4 

18.4 
12.2 
10.9 
22.2 
27.5 

13.8 
18.9 
15.3 
6.8 
12.1 
16.2 
14.9 

12.9 
13.7 
4.7 
10.2 
18.6 
3.3 
2.2 
1.8 
2.3 

7.4 
10.5 
2.3 
2.3 

4.1 
3.1 

7.2 
4.3 

41.5 
35.2 
60.6 
33.9 
50.1 
46.4 
40.2 
70.7 

21.7 
31.0 
27.6 


.3  . 

3^ 


15.0 


(') 


(1) 


0.8 
(■) 
35.3 
67.9 
66.2 
15.2 

0.2 
17.1 
60.3 
65.4 

52.9 
26.2 
30.9 
63.3 


0.2 


0) 


(') 
0.1 
0.1 
3.8 

(') 

19.6 

0.2 

2.4 

3.9 
1.1 

0) 

2.6 

(') 
0) 
0.3 
(') 
(') 
(') 
(') 


3.3 


12.1 
4.8 
9.7 
1.5 
0.1 
2.8 

28.7 
4.7 
(') 
(') 

(') 
0.1 
0) 
(') 

^'> 

0) 


(0 


7.6     4.0 


31.5  6.2 
14.2  5.3 

9.5  3.3 

25.6  11.8 
26.5  6.4 
17.1;  7.5 

17.4-  11.9 

34.9  10.1 

13. 3i  6.5 


9.1| 
5.6 
4.4 
10.0, 

8.4, 

5.7: 

3.8 
6.0 
1.7i 
2.4; 
3.0 
3.2 

20.1 
18.2 
36.81 
17.2, 
17. 3i 

8.8: 

4.9 
4.7 


23.2  21.3 


6.4 

6.4 
8.1 
3.2 
4.1 

7.5 
7.5 
8.5 

U.9 
9.2 
9.2 
8.6 

11.2 

7.6 
9.3 
7.9 


3.4 
2.3 
1.5 
7.8 
2.0 

0.7 
1.8 
4.0 

(') 
0.2 
1.1 
0.7 


3.6 
3.7 
1.5 
1.1 

3.1 
1 

1.0 
0.8 

2.3 
3.2 
0.5 
10.0 
6.1 
6.3 
4.8 
1.7 

6.7 

8.3 

33.1 


3.6 


14.2 
22.6 
13.3 

8.4 
7.9 
8.3 

5.0 
1.9 

4.8 

2.5 
2.7 
0.9 
4.9 
6.4 

2.7 
1.2 
3.8 
0.1 
0.2 
0.4 
0.6 

3.8 
5.3 

10.1 
9.9 
8.0 
3.2 
3.9 


5.6 
7.1 
4.4 
4.5 

5.8 
4.6 
1.2 
3.0 

1.8 
3.7 
1.0 
0.6 
2.8 
0.8 
0) 
0.7 

4.8 
5.9 
1.9 


1.8 
3.2 
4.7 
10.0 
16.3 
6.2 

8.0 
9.9 
3.6 

2.9 
1 

2.4 
11.5 
3.7 

4.3 
1.2 
1.6 
8.7 
6.2 
0.9 
1.8 

2.0 
3.2 

55.6 
5.4 
1.6 
5.2 
1.5 
3.1 

11.4 

2.2 
2.5 
3.2 
2.0 

1.5 
24.2 
2.8 
2.1 

5.6 
3.7 
1.9 

14.6 
4.9 
8.6 

13.4 
0.1 

2.5 
9.0 
11.2 


pee  cent  of  improved  faem  land  (1909)  in— 


100.0 


^  s 


65.1 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


67.3 
63.8 
73.7 
56.2 
47.2 
54.1 

56.5 
61.8 
61.8 

59.5 
66.9 
72.3 
63.9 
71.8 

75.0 

69.1 

58.3 

77 

77.2 

70.7 

66.5 

61.6 
57.6 
58.1 
43.1 
33.9 
65.1 
84.5 
78.6 
67.7 

42.1 
58.4 
74.3 
68.4 

66.6 
68.0 
67.9 
67.2 

50.8 
59.0 
62.6 
60.8 
43.1 
54.5 
55.2 
52.2 

53.8 
53.4 
43.2 


Cereals. 


40.0 


6.8 
3.5 
8.2 
4.7 
6.8 
7.5 

17.5 
27.9 
34.1 

39.8 
51.7 
59.0 
34.4 
41.6 

51.6 
51.0 
41.7 
58.1 
51.8 
51.4 
52.3 

43.3 
39.6 
8.8 
28.8 
18.8 
36.9 
32.1 
31.8 
36.0 

30.1 
38.0 
29.3 
25.2 

31.8 
36.7 
47.0 
24.5 

17.5 
30.5 
14.9 
24.6 
14.9 
21.5 
21.8 
4.6 

40.7 
29.1 
17.3 


20.6 


0.6 
2.1 
2.6 
3.6 
5.4 
6.3 

3.5 
14.7 
10.9 

20.4 
28.9 
35.8 
12.4 
12.2 

10.2 
31.3 
28.9 
0.9 
12.9 
29.8 
27.1 

26.5 
19.3 
8.3 
18.8 
12.2 
27.9 
25.7 
27.5 
33.6 

23.9 
28.9 
26.5 
24.1 

28.2 
30.2 
33.7 

18.8 

0.3 
0.3 
0.7 
7.6 
5.9 
4.5 
0.5 
0.1 

0.4 
0.4 
0.5 


7.3 


5.1 
1.2 
4.4 
0.7 
1.0 
1.0 


4.0 
9.0 

9.3 
9.9 
14.9 
11.1 
18.2 

15.2 
15.8 
4.4 
10.5 
9.8 
9.7 
3.1 

0.6 
1.5 
0.3 
2.1 
1.9 
2.6 
5.3 
3.3 
2.4 

1.2 
3.1 
2.7 
1.1 

2.4 
0.6 
3.5 
1 

9.2 
10.9 
9.9 
6.4 
2.3 
1.7 
5.9 
1.0 

4.2 
7.9 
1.7 


9.3 


0.1 
(') 
(') 
0) 
(') 
0.1 

1.9 
4.6 
9.7 

9.5 
12.3 
7.8 
6.3 
1.2 

16.7 

1 

8.2 
40.0 
20.3 
10.9 
20.0 

15.6 
17.6 


7.0 
3.8 
5.7 
0.7 
0.8 
(') 

4.7 
5.7 
0.1 

(') 

0.7 
(') 
6.7 
1.2 

7.1 
14.4 
3.3 
7.9 
2.2 
5.7 
13.0 
1.9 

33.2 
17.9 
4.2 


15.1 


53.2 
57.0 
63.1 
44.6 
34.4 
40.6 

34.0 
22.3 
24.4 

17.2 
13.6 
11.9 
21.2 
25.9 

20.1 

17.1 

14.8 

14.0 

21 

18.5 

13.2 

11.3 
11.9 
18.7 
7 

12.8 
4.3 
3.4 
2.1 
3.0 

6.7 
9.7 
2.5 
2.5 

5.4 
3.4 

7.7 
4.8 

31.2 
26.4 
46.6 
29.9 
25.1 
29.3 
29.6 
46.6 

11.6 
22.0 
22.2 


6.7 


« 


0) 


0.3 
(') 
14.5 
41.9 
39.7 
14.6 

0.1 
7.2 
38.5 
37.7 

26.7 
18.1 
11.3 
36.3 


0.1 

(') 


0) 


0.3 


5'> 
0) 

0.5 


1.6 

(1) 
0) 
0.3 

0.6 
0.1 

0) 

(') 

0.3 

8 


(') 


0.8 


1.9 
0.3 
2.5 
0.5 

0) 

0.2 

3.3 
0.8 

(•) 
(') 

(') 
(') 
(') 
(') 

C) 


0) 


1.5 


6.8 
2.8 
2.2 
5.3 
5.6 
4.1 

3.8 
10.1 

2.8 

1 

1 

1.0 

3.6 

3.0 

1 

0.9 

1.0 

0.3 

0.4 

0.6 

0.4 

6.3 
4.6 
25.6 
2.6 
1.6 
2.4 
1.8 
1.5 
4.9 

1.3 
1.5 
1.6 
1.4 

1.4 
2.2 
0.5 
0.7 

0.8 
1.4 
0.9 
2.7 
1.0 
1.6 
1.6 
0.9 

1.3 

1 

1.3 


0.5 
0.4 
0.2 
1.1 
0.5 
0.3 

1.1 
1.6 
0.1 

0.2 

0.2 
0.4 
4.8 
1.0 

1.9 
0.1 
0.5 
5.2 
3.3 
0.1 
0.6 

1.5 
0.7 
4.9 
1.8 
0.4 
4.6 
4.8 
3.5 
9.0 

0.7 
1.2 
2.5 
1.5 

1.4 
7.5 
1.5 
0.8 

1.3 
0.7 
0.2 
3.6 
2.1 
2.2 
2.2 
(') 

0.2 
0.7 
2.4 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Relative  importance  of  the  divisions  and  sections  in 
the  production  of  leading  crops :  1909.— Table  9  shows, 
for    1909,    by   percentages,    the   distribution   of   the 


total  acreage  of  each  of  the  important  crops  for  which 
acreage  was  reported  among  the  divisions  and  sections 
of  the  country.     For  comparison,  the  distribution  of 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


36d 


the  improved  farm  land  and  of  the  total  acreage  of 
crops  with  acreage  reports  is  also  shown.  In  tliis 
table  the  combined  cereals  are  treated  as  a  unit;  the 
corresponding  distribution  of  the  individual  cereals 
among  the  divisions  and  sections  is  shown  in  Table  19. 
Several  of  the  most  important  crops,  including  the 
cereals  as  a  group,  hay  and  forage,  potatoes,  miscel- 
laneous vegetables,  small  fruits,  flowers  and  plants, 
and  nursery  products,  are  very  widely  distributed 
over  the  country. 


The  distribution  of  the  cereal  acreage  corresponds 
more  closely. to  the  distribution  of  the  total  acreage  of 
improved  farm  land  than  does  that  of  any  other  class 
of  crops,  but  the  East  and  West  North  Central  divi- 
sions report  somewhat  larger  percentages  of  the  cereal 
acreage  than  of  the  improved  farm  land.  Few  of  the 
remaining  crops  are  very  widely  distributed.  Several 
crops — cotton,  sugar  cane,  sweet  potatoes  and  yams, 
and  peanuts — are  largety  concentrated  in  the  southern 
divisions. 


Table  9 


DIVISION  OK  SECTION. 


United  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central. . . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central .... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


PER  CENT  or  TOTAL  ACBEAGE:  1909 


100.0 

1.5 

6.1 

18.6 

34.3 

10.1 

9.2 

12.2 

3.3 

4.0 


60.6 

31.5 

7.9 


45.6 
54.4 


100.0100.0 

l.Sl    0.2 


5.6 
19.2 
36.8 
9.7 
8.3 
12.6 
2.8 
3.4 


63.1 
30.6 
6.3 


44.3 
55.7 


Other  ^ins  and 

seeds  with  acreage 

reports. 


3.9 
22.1 
43.7 
8.0- 
7.1, 

10.2; 

1.8 
3.0; 


100.0 
2.1 
14.6 
52.6 
1.1 
3.2 
2.3 
0.4 
3.8 
19.8 


70.0 

25.3 

4.8 


41.3 
58.7 


70.4 
6.0 
23.6 


74.8 
25.2 


100.0 
0.1 
0.3 
17.4 
2.1 
61.2 
15.6 
10.6 
2.2 
0.5 


19.9 
77.4 
2.7 


84.5 
15.6 


100.0 


i:i 

72.9 
15.4 
11.6 


0.1 
99.9 

(') 


88.3 
11.7 


100.0 

^') 

(') 

0.5 

97.4 

5'> 

(•) 

0.1 

2.0 

(') 


97.9 
0.1 
2.0 


0.5 
90.6 


100.0 
5.3 
11.8 
20.4 
37.9 
4.0 
3.4 
4.5 
6.9 
5.8 


75.4 
11.0 
12.7 


44.9 
55.1 


100.0 

1.7 

3.5 
13.3 

0.4 
37.6 
43.3 

C.l 


18.9 
81.1 


99.4 
0.6 


100.0 


0.3 
28.1 
24.7 
46.9 

(> 

(• 


0.3 
99.7 


52.8 
47.2 


Sugar  crops  with 
acreage  reports. 


CQ 


100.0, 

0)  ! 

io:5i 

6.7; 

9.4 
15.8 
37.6 
13.4 

6.4 


17.3 
62.8 
19.9 


36.8 
64.2 


100.0 
(') 

0.4 
27.5 

3.7 
(') 

0.1 

0.2 
45.6 
22.5 


31.6 
0.4 
68.0 


28.1 
71.9 


24.3 

74.1 

1.7 


56.0 
♦4.0 


I 
IOO.OJIOO.0 

(') 

0.1 

7.8 
16.4 
14.1 
34.0 
26.0 

1.5 

0.2 


12.0 
10.9 
77.0 
(') 


100.0 


22.9 
77.1 


Sundry  minor 
crops  with  acre- 
age reports. 


m 


100.0 

^') 
(') 

12.0 
14.4 
0.1 
0.6 
69.4 
3.1 
0.4 


26.4 
70.1 
3.5 


12.6 
87.4 


100.0 
0.2 


4.5 
0.2 

(>) 

89.6 
0.5 
1.0 
3.9 


4.9 

90.2 

4.9 


94.3 
5.7 


100.0; 


26.9 
0.1 

(') 


27.0 
0.1 
72.9 


27.1 
72.9 


Vegetables. 


100.0 

4.7 
15.7 
23.2 
16.5 
16.0 
8.9 
7.3 
3.5 
4.3 


60.1 

32.2 

7.7 


68.4 
31.6 


100.0 

6.4 
19.9 
30.1 
21.4 
6.5 
3.3 
3.2 
4.6 
4.6 


77.7 
13.0 
9.3 


66.2 
33.8 


a^ 


100.0 

(') 

3.7 
2.1 
2.4 
46.1 
25.1 
19.7 
0.1 
0.8 


8.2 
90.9 
0.9 


77.0 
23.0 


100.0 
3.7 
12.9 
18.8 
13.4 
21.6 
12.5 
9.9 
2.7 
4.6 


48.7 

44.0 

7.3 


69.4 
30.6 


100.0 
5.1 
20.3 
20.9 
13.1 
16.7 
7.0 
7.1 
2.6 
7.6 


100.0 

12.5 
35.3 
21.1 
6.5 
8.1 
3.5 
3.4 
1.3 
8.1 


69.3 
30.8 
9.9 


30.1 


75.5 
15.1 
9.4 


80.7 
19.3 


100.0 

3.3 
17.0 
17.1 
20.6 
12.4 
10.1 
7.1 
2.1 
10.3 

58.0 
29.6 
12.5 


59.8 
40.2 


i  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


The  distribution  among  the  geographic  divisions 
and  sections  of  the  value  of  those  crops  of  any  impor- 
tance for  which  there  were  no  reports  of  acreage  is 
shown  in  Table  10.  For  comparison,  the  distribution 
of  the  value  of  all  crops  and  of  the  value  of  crops  with 
acreage  reports  is  shown. 


Table  le 


DIVISION  OS  SECTION. 


TTnlted  States  . . 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  C«ntral . . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central . . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  MLssissippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


PER  CENT  OJ  TOTAL  VALVE:  1900 


100.0 

2.6 
7.6 
20.4 
26.4 
13.5 
10.0 
11.5 
3.0 
5.1 


56.9 
35.0 
8.1 


54.1 
45.9 


.as 

•-  o. 


100.0 
2.3 

7.1 
20.7 
27. 
13.3 
10.0 
11.8 
3.0 
4.2 


57.7 

35.1 

7.2 


53.3 
46 


Crops  with  no  acreage  reports. 


100.0 

6.5 
13.8 
16.7 
10.3 
16.7 
10.1 
6.8 
2.8 
16.4 


47.2 
33.6 
19.2 


63.8 
36.2 


100.0 

0.3 
2.3 
40.4 
36.5 
1.3 
3.9 
1.6 
6.4 
7.4 


79.4 
6.8 
13.8 


48.2 
51.8 


100.0 

27.2 
33.1 
36.8 

0.9 
1.8 

0.2 

(') 

(') 

(') 


100.0100.0 

5. 2     0. 5 
20.3 


98.0 
2.0 


99.0 
1.0 


o  C 


17.3 
10.5 
11.2 
7.9 
3.8 
5.4 
18.4 


22.5 
14.2 
5.3 
4.1 
1.6 
1.4 
0.6 
49.9 


53.3   42.4 

22.8  7.1 

23.9  60.6 

61. 9!  42.9 
38.1!  57.1 


100.0 

C) 

0) 

(1) 

29.3 
0.8 
1.8 
0.3 

67.8 


100.0100.0 

0. 


0) 

31.9 

68.1 


30.1 


O  fr. 


8.3 
24.6 
67.1 


14.4 
85.6 


9.0 
9.8 
16.5 
10.2 
22.5 
1.5.0 
10.8 
1.3 
4.9 

45.5 
48.3 
6.2 

72.8 
27.2 


>  Less  than  one-teuth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  geographic  distribution  of  the  value  of  crops 
with  no  acreage  reports  is  veiy  different  from  that  of 
crops  with  acreage  reports.     Whereas  the  Pacific  divi- 

72497°— 13 24    + 


sion  reported  only  4.2  per  cent  of  the  value  of  crops 
with  acreage  reports  and  4.6  per  cent  of  the  improved 
farm  land,  that  division  reported  16.4  per  cent  of 
the  value  of  crops  with  no  acreage  reports.  This  is 
largely  due  to  the  concentration  of  the  production  of 
fruits  and  nuts  on  the  Pacific  coast.  The  West  North 
Central  division  reported  27.7  per  cent  of  the  value 
for  the  crops  with  acreage  reports,  but  only  10.3  per 
cent  for  the  crops  with  no  acreage  reports. 

Acreage  and  value  of  all  crops,  by  states :  1909  and 
1899.— Table  11  presents  by  states,  for  1909  and  1899, 
the  acreage  and  value  of  all  crops  with  acreage  re- 
ports and  the  value  of  all  crops,  including  those  with- 
out acreage  reports. 

The  map  on  page  371  shows  the  distribution  of  the 
value  of  all  farm  crops  among  the  states. 

It  will  be  seen  that,  as  judged  by  the  total  value 
of  all  crops,  Illinois  was  in  1909  the  leading  agricul- 
tural state,  followed  by  Iowa,  Texas,  Ohio,  Georgia, 
Missouri,  Kansas,  New  York,  and  Indiana,  each 
reporting  more  than  $200,000,000.  The  first  four 
states  named  occupied  the  same  rank  in  1899,  but 
Georgia  ranked  only  fifteenth  among  the  states  in 
that  year. 

With  respect  to  the  progress  made  by  these  leading 
states  from  1899  to  1909,  it  may  be  noted  that  only 
in  Georgia  and  Kansas  did  the  rate  of  increase  for  the 
total  value  of  all  crops  exceed  that  for  the  United 


870 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


States  as  a  whole.  Moreover,  these  two  states,  together 
with  Texas,  are  the  only  ones  in  the  group  which  report 
any  considerable  extension  of  the  acreage  of  crops 
with  acreage  reports.  In  Indiana  the  acreage  of  such 
crops  was  1.8  per  cent  higher  than  in  1899,  but  lUinois, 
Iowa,  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  New  York  all  report  a 
decrease  in  acreage. 

During  the  period  1899  to  1909  the  most  conspicu- 
ous relative  advances  in  the  value  of  all  crops  took 
place  in  the  states  of  Idaho,  Washington,  North 
Dakota,  Wyoming,  Oklahoma,  and  Colorado,  in  each 
of  which  the  crops  of  1909  were  more  than  three  times  as 
valuable  as  those  of  1899.  Except  in  North  Dakota 
and  Oklahoma,  these  high  rates  of  increase  represent 
comparatively  small  absolute  increases. 

The  greatest  absolute  increase  in  the  value  of  all 
crops    occurred   in   Illinois,    where   it   amounted    to 


$157,000,000.  Other  states  in  which  the  absolute 
increase  exceeded  $100,000,000  were  Georgia,  Texas, 
North  Dakota,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and  Kansas. 

During  the  decade  there  was  an  increase  of  over 
1,000,000  acres  in  land  devoted  to  crops  in  each  of 
the  following  states :  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  South 
Dakota,  Texas,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Washington,  Geor- 
gia, and  Colorado.  New  Mexico  reported  the  highest 
percentage  of  gain,  222.8,  followed  by  North  Dakota, 
Oklahoma,  Wyoming,  Washington,  and  Idaho.  In 
Iowa  and  California  the  loss  in  acreage  reported  was 
over  one  and  one-half  million,  and  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania  it  exceeded  half  a  million.  Besides  these 
four  states  fourteen  others  had  less  land  in  crops  in 
1909  than  in  1899,  the  relative  decrease  being  greatest 
in  Cahfomia,  followed  by  New  Hampshire,  Connecti- 
cut, and  Massachusetts. 


ALL  FARM  CROPS— ACREAGE  AND  VALUE,  BY  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 


Table  11 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hami»shire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  NoETH  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

lUinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  NoETH  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina. . . 

South  Carolina. . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Centeal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Callfonua 


aceeaoe  of  crops  with  acreage  eepoets. 


1909 


1,588,065 
593,093 

1,203,795 
654,844 
84,207 
534,846 

8,387,731 
1,114,903 
7,826,562 

11,431,610 
11,331,395 
20,273,916 
8,198,578 
8,555,080 

14,731,464 
20,374,925 
14,335,588 
15,888,7,56 
12,226,772 
17,231,205 
19,900,750 

438,522 
1,931,972 
2,982 
4,256,226 
1,874,382 
5,737,037 
5,152,845 
9,662,383 
1,223,078 

6,046,819 
6,365,143 
7,205,239 
6,158,719 

6,376,484 
3,586,348 
11,921,670 
18,389,092 

1,848,113 
1,638,479 
786,650 
2,614,312 
632,769 
190,982 
755,370 
392,387 

3,431,273 
2,281,288 
4,924,733 


1899 


1,543,277 
688,107 

1,203,513 
735, 134 
92,415 
603,357 

9,041,199 
1,212,772 
8,365,475 

11,614,165 

11,134,726 

20,519,034 

7,741,175 

8,214,711 

15,119,570 
21,985,377 
14,351,177 
7,821,705 
8,843,905 
15,044,428 
18,077,048 

437,168 
1,940,093 
3,396 
4,345,537 
1,992,403 
5,609,144 
4, 722, 151 
8,267,290 
1,018,968 

6,349,926 
6,680,504 
6,714,786 
5,570,380 

5,017,894 

3,408,944 

''6,317,711 

15,112,549 

1,146,093 
918, 124 
435,621 

1,549,503 
196,023 
150, 781 
669,824 
326,526 

1,901,381 
2,027,856 
6,434,434 


Increase.' 


44,788 

-95,014 

282 

-80,290 

-8,208 

-68,511 

-653,468 
-97,869 
-538,913 

-182,555 
196,669 

-245, 118 
457,403 
340,369 

-388, 106 
-1,610,452 
-15,589 
8,067,051 
3,382,867 
2,186,777 
1,823,702 

1,354 

^8,121 

-414 

-89,311 

-118,021 

127,893 

430,694 

1,395,093 

203,110 

-303,107 

-315,361 

490,453 

588,339 

358,590 

177,404 

5,603,959 

3,276,543 

702,020 
720,355 
351,029 
1,064,809 
436,746 
40,201 
85,546 
65,861 

1,529,892 

253,432 

-1,509,701 


Per 
cent. 


2.9 
-13.8 

(2) 
-10.9 

-8.9 
-11.4 

-7.2 
-8.1 
-6.4 

-1.6 
1.8 

-1.2 
5.9 
4.1 

-2.6 
-7.3 
-0.1 
103.1 
38.3 
14.5 
10.1 

0.3 

-0.4 

-12.2 

-2.1 

-5.9 

2.3 

9.1 

16.9 

19.9 

-4.8 

-4.7 

7.3 

10.6 

7.1 

5.2 

88.7 

21.7 

61.3 

78.-5 
80.6 
68.7 
222.8 
26.7 
12.8 
20.2 

80.5 

12.5 

-23.5 


VALUE  OF  CEOPS  WITH  ACREAGE  EEPOETS. 


1909 


$31,440,942 
11,441,698 
21,877,448 
27,062,235 
3,410,442 
19,166,472 

174,475,689 
37,003,915 
147,955,288 

215,250,975 
193,395,392 
362,464,951 
141,976,000 
134,901,875 

185,832,198 
304,491,033 
204,286,256 
180,279,872 
124,400,789 
192,741,710 
211,485,723 

8,489,539 
39,690,648 
541,996 
86,434,239 
33,120,053 
127,822,068 
136,313,422 
214,463,237 
26,350,280 

125,880,988 
108,517,537 
135,942,678 
139, 126, 139 

109,332,380 

73,002,698 

130,502,155 

287,295,880 

28,459,747 
32,007,527 

9,791,830 
45,795,093 

8,076,854 

4,958,938 
17,488,271 

5,780,037 

70,770,261 
42,293,157 
100,409,039 


1899 


$18,432, 
9,153 

14,993; 

19,893 
2,679i 

14,227, 

127,872. 
24,615 
111,233; 

141,943 

111,736 

207,355; 

80,455 

81,263 

112,420, 
189,013 
113,239; 
53,911 
44,002; 
91, 139, 
110,290, 

5,713 
27,655; 
667 
62, 100; 
20,805, 
62,225; 
56,613; 
82,450 
11,643; 

72,606, 
63,943 
70, 119; 
81,358, 

55,431 

60,959; 

'42,773, 

161,842; 

10,449, 
8,565 
3,095; 

16,389 
2,798 
2,249 
7,794 
2,845; 

21,487, 
19,396 
64,683 


Increase.' 


$13,008 
2,288; 
6,883; 
7,168; 
730, 
4, 

46,603 
12,388 
36,721 

73,306 
81,658; 
155, 109 
61,  ,520; 
63,638, 

73,411 
115,477; 

91,046, 
126,368; 

80,397; 
101,602, 
101, 194 

2,776 
12,034 

-125; 
34,333; 
12,314 
65,596; 
79,699; 
132,012; 
14,707; 

53,375, 
44,573 
65,823 
57,767, 

53,900, 

12,042 

87, 728; 

126,463; 

18,009 
23,441 

6,696 
29,405 

5,278 

2,709; 

9,603; 

2,934 

49,282 
22,896; 
35,825 


Per 

cent. 


70.6 
25.0 
45.9 
36.0 
27.3 
34.7 

36.4 
50.3 
33.0 

51.6 
73.1 
74.8 
76.5 
66.0 

6.5.3 
61.1 
80.4 
234.4 
182.7 
111.5 
91.7 

48.6 
43.5 
-18.8 
6.5.9 
59.2 
105. 4 
140.8 
160.1 
126.3 

73.6 
69.7 
93.9 
71.0 

a7.2 

19.8 

205.1 

77.5 

172.4 
273.7 
216.3 
179.4 
188.7 
120.5 
124.4 
103.2 

229.4 
118.0 
65.5 


VALUE  OP  ALL  CEOPS. 


1909 


$39,317, 
16,976; 
27,446; 
31,948; 
3,937; 
22,487; 

209,168, 
40,340, 
166, 739, 

230,337, 
204,209, 
372,270, 
162,004 
148, 359, 

193,451 
314,666; 
220,663; 
180,635 
126,507; 
196, 125; 
214,859; 

9,121 

43,920; 

546 

100,  .531 

40,374 

142, 890; 

141,983 

226,595 

36, 141 

138,973 
120, 706; 
144,287; 
147,315; 

119,419 

77,336 

133,454 

298. 133; 

29,714 
34,357 
10,022 
50,974; 

8,922; 

6,496 
18,484 

5,923; 

78,927 
49,040i 
153,111, 


1899 


$21,954 
12,272; 
18, 170; 
23, 157; 
3,040, 
16,625; 

149,918, 
27, 916 
126,994; 

156,852 
122,502; 
214,832 

92,625; 

88,142: 

115,694 

195,552; 

121,455; 
64,040 
44, 175 
92,469 

113,522, 

6,275 
30,216, 
669 
58,701 
25,696; 
68,624 
58,890, 
86,345 
13,498, 

78,962, 
70, 745; 
73, 190, 
81,883, 

69,272 
62,654 

»  43, 759; 

166,964, 

10,692 
9,267 
3,133; 

16, 970; 
3,064 
2,472 
8,242 
2,887 

23,532 
21,806; 
96,366 


Increase.' 


Amount. 


$17,363,593 
3,703,943 
9,276,657 
8,790,551 
896,756 
5,862,410 

69,249,883 
12,423,650 
39,745,757 

73,485,623 
81,707,538 
157,437,764 
69,378,966 
60,216,867 

77,756,537 
119,113,751 

99,208,698 
126,594,703 

81,331,634 
103,666,306 
101,336,904 

2,846,449 
13, 703, 180 

-122,730 
41,829,415 
14,678,587 
74,265,280 
83,092,941 
140,250,093 
22,643,314 

60,010,262 
49,960,969 
71,0%,  627 
62,431,845 

60,146,813 
14,681,600 
89,694,681 
131,168,755 

19,022,048 
26,090,590 

6,889,238 
34,004,370 

5,857,830 

3,024,524 
10,241,630 

3,036,967 

65,394,903 
27,234,038 
57,745,301 


Per 
cent. 


79.1 
30.2 
51.1 
38.0 
29.5 
35.3 

39.5 
44.5 
31.3 

46.9 
66.7 
73.3 
74.9 
68.3 

67.2 
60.9 
81.7 
234.3 
184.1 
112.1 
89.3 

45.4 
45.4 
-18.3 
71.3 
57.1 
108.2 
141.1 
162.4 
167.8 

76.0 
70.6 
97.1 
73.5 

101.5 
23.4 

205.0 
78.6 

177.9 
270.7 
219.8 
200.4 
191.2 
122.3 
124.2 
105.1 

235.4 
124.9 
60.  e 


>  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


*  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


371 


ALL  FARM  CROPS. 

VALUE,    BY   STATES:    1909. 


•-->,'- 


WVO, 

•  ® 


I     •N.OAK.* 
•  S.  OAK.« 


1       •»       I      •••• — *••• 

T ~. I    •  •  NEBR.  •  •    \VA 


•    $8,000,000 


9  $6,000,000  to  $8,000,000 

'^  $4,000,000  to  $6,000,000 

O  $2,000,000  to  $4,000,000 

O.  Less  than  $2,000,000 


^ — Lf 


The  heavy  lines  ("»)  show  geographic  divisions 


•  COI.O.# 

••o 


Sale  and  purchase  of  crops  suitable  for  feeding 
animals:  1909. — In  the  case  of  some  minor  crops 
the  entire  product,  or  the  larger  part  of  it,  is  usually 
retained  upon  the  farm  for  family  consumption;  this 
is  notably  true  of  vegetables.  Of  certain  other  crops 
practically  the  entire  quantity,  except  such  as  is 
required  for  seed,  is  sold.  These  crops,  which  are 
frequently  referred  to  as  money  crops,  are  mainly 
intended  for  human  consumption,  direct  or  indirect. 
Cotton,  tobacco,  sugar  cane,  hemp,  hops,  and  to  a 
slightly  less  extent  wheat,  are  examples.  Besid&s  crops 
of  these  two  classes,  there  are  several  crops,  the  most 
important  being  com,  oats,  barley,  and  hay  and  forage, 
which  are  used  chiefly  as  feed  for  animals.  A  majority 
of  the  farmers  who  raise  these  crops  retain  the  entire 
product  or  a  considerable  proportion  of  it  for  their 


own  animals;  others  sell  their  surplus  mainly  for 
consumption  by  animals  in  cities,  towns,  and  villages, 
or  by  animals  on  farms  where  such  crops  are  not  raised 
or  are  raised  only  in  small  quantities. 

At  the  census  of  1910  the  agricultural  schedules  con- 
tained inquiries  designed  to  ascertain  not  only  the 
quantity  and  value  of  the  leading  "feedable"  crops 
produced,  but  also  the  quantity  and  value  of  such 
crops  sold  and  the  amounts  expended  by  farmers  for 
the  purchase  of  feed  for  animals.  Table  12  presents 
statistics  of  such  sales  and  purchases  by  geographic 
divisions  and  sections,  and  Table  15  shows  them  in  loss 
detail  by  states.  It  is  probable  that  these  statistics 
are  somewhat  less  accurate  than  those  of  crop  produc- 
tion, and  are  on  the  whole  an  understatement  both  of 
sales  and  of  purchases. 


Table  12 


DIVISION  OR  SECTION. 


United  States. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . 
West  North  Central.. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


The  North. 
The  South. 
TheWest.. 


Amount 

expended 

for  feed: 

1909 


$299,839, 

34,613, 
54,696, 
40,611, 
76,207, 
19,255. 
15,607, 
24,723, 
13,204, 
20,920, 


206,128,686 
59,586,099 
34,125,072 


East  of  the  Mississippi. . 
West  of  the  Mississippi. 


164,784,082 
135,055,775 


Receipts 

from  sale 

of  feedable 

crops: 

1909 


$609, 

4, 
21, 
195, 
174, 
14, 
15, 
28, 
20, 
33, 


395,999,708 
59,302,111 
53,951,703 


251,955,453 
257,298,069 


EXCESS  OF  RE- 
CEIPTS FROM  SALE 
OVER  AMOtTNT 
EXPENDED.! 


Amount. 


$209,413, 

*30,267, 

*33,111, 

155,051, 

98, 198, 

*4,577, 

76, 

4,217, 

7,626, 

12,200, 


189,871,022 

*283,988 

19,826,631 


87,171,371 
122,242,294 


Per 
cent. 


41.1 

*696.3 

*153. 4 

79.2 

56.3 

*31.2 

0.5 

14.6 

36.6 

36.8 


47.9 
*0.5 
36.7 


34.6 

47.5 


RECEIPTS  FROM  SALE  OF  SPECIFIED  FEEDABLE  CROPS:  1900 


Corn. 


Quantity 
(bushels). 


460,572,574 

145,814 

4,419,668 

197,015,428 

190,410,330 

12,815,516 

17,406,876 

36,880,404 

998,458 

480,080 


391,991,240 

67, 102, 796 

1,478,538 


231,803,302 
228,769,272 


Amount 
received. 


$255,191,944 

100,952 

3,007,230 

107,806,684 

100,638,243 

9,781,438 

11,989,973 

20,840,778 

651,255 

375,391 


211,553,109 

42,612,189 

1,026,646 


132,686,277 
122,505,667 


Oats. 


Quantity 
(bushels). 


261,325, 

384, 
4,551, 
128,053, 
94,511, 
1,588, 
1,503, 
7,389, 
12, 164, 
11,178, 


227,501,689 
10,480,617 
23,343,066 


136,081,080 
125,244,292 


Amount 
received. 


$107, 

2, 
51, 
36. 

1, 

3, 
5, 
5, 


242,769 

217,879 
387,688 
279,242 
678,888 
034,972 
786,448 
434,317 
927,921 
495,414 


90,563,697 
5,255,737 
11,423,335 


55,706,229 
51,536,540 


Barley. 


Quantity 
(bushels). 


76,297,901 

9,656 

326,228 

10,858,789 

43,056,403 

26,426 

22,085 

69,829 

3,741,566 

17,186,919 


54,251,076 

118,340 

20,928,485 


11,243,184 
64,054,717 


Amount 
received. 


$41,314,430 

8,272 

214,002 

6,457,495 

21,221,923 

18,993 

14,771 

42, 158 

2, 106, 953 

11,229,863 


27,901,692 

75,922 

13,336,816 


6,713,533 
34,600,897 


Hay  and  forage. 


Quantity 
(tons). 


10,679, 

272, 

1,116, 

2,981, 

2,393, 

281, 

238, 

527, 

1,417, 

1,451, 


Amount 
received. 


1105, 

4, 
15, 
30, 
15, 
3, 
2, 
4, 
12, 
16, 


6,763,572 
1,047,150 
2,868,677 


4,889,735 
5,789,664 


504,379 

019,544 
975, 138 
119,593 
866,935 
841,952 
893,187 
623,124 
144,767 
020,139 


65,981,210 
11,358,263 
28,164,906 


56,849,414 
48,654,965 


•  An  asterisk  (*)  indicates  an  excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts  from  sales. 


872 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  total  amount  reported  by  farmers  as  received 
during  1909  from  the  sale  of  com,  oats,  barley,  and 
hay  and  forage  was  $509,254,000.  The  amount  re- 
ported by  farmers  as  expended  for  feed  for  live  stock 
was  $299,840,000.  The  excess  of  receipts  from  sale 
over  expenditures  for  purchase  was  $209,414,000,  or 
41.1  per  cent.  This  excess  should  represent  in  a 
rough  way  the  value  of  crops  of  this  character  sold  by 
farmers  for  consumption  by  animals  in  cities,  towns, 
and  villages,  for  export,  or  for  human  consumption  in 
the  United  States. 

Marked  differences  appear  among  the  geographic 
divisions  with  respect  to  the  relation  of  sales  of  f  eedable 
crops  to  purchases.  In  the  East  and  West  North 
Central  divisions  there  was  in  1909  a  great  excess  of 
sales  over  purchases,  while  in  the  New  England  and 
Mddle  Atlantic  divisions  the  sales  were  much  less 
than  the  purchases,  in  the  South  Atlantic  division 
considerably  less,  and  in  the  East  South  Central 
division  practically  the  same.  In  other  words,  in  the 
northeastern  divisions,  and  in  parts  of  the  South,  the 
farmers  do  not  raise  enough  feed  for  theii*  own  ani- 
mals, but  have  to  supply  the  deficiency  by  purchase 
from  other  sections  of  the  country. 


The  total  value  of  the  corn,  oats,  barley,  and  hay 
and  forage  produced  during  1909  was  $2,769,715,000, 
so  that  the  value  of  such  crops  sold  represents  only 
18.4  per  cent  of  the  total.  Of  the  total  quantity  of 
corn  produced,  less  than  one-fifth  was  reported  as  sold ; 
of  oats  slightly  more  than  one-fourth ;  of  barley  about 
two-fifths ;  and  of  hay  and  forage  only  a  little  more  than 
one-tenth.     For  further  details  see  Table  13. 


Table  13 


DmSION  OK  SECTION. 


TTnited  States.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central . . . 

Mountain 

Paeiflc 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi . 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  PRODUCTION 
EEPOETED   AS  SOLD: 

1909 


Com. 


18.0 
1.8 
6.3 
23.3 
19.1 
7.1 
8.3 
15.8 
13.6 
21.0 


Oats. 


20.4 
10.8 
15.4 


17.7 
18.5 


25.9 

5.2 
7.1 
34.3 
21.8 
7.5 
12.9 
27.1 
30.0 
39.6 


25.9 
17.4 
33.9 


28.4 
23.7 


Barley. 


43.4 

2.3 
15.8 
40.7 
43.5 

6.5 
18.4 
38.5 
38.2 
49.6 


Hay 

and 

forage. 


42.3 
16.6 
47.1 


37.8 
44.6 


11.0 

5.8 
9.9 
14.6 
6.6 
9.6 
9.3 
15.6 
16.5 
19.9 


9.3 
11.8 
18.0 


11.7 
10.4 


EXPENDITURES  FOR  LABOR  AND  FERTILIZERS  ON  FARMS. 


Expenditures  for  labor :  1909  and  1899. — The  sched- 
ules of  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Censuses  contained 
inquiries  as  to  the  amount  paid  by  farmers  for  hired 
labor  during  the  year  preceding  the  taking  of  the 
census.  No  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  the  num- 
ber of  persons  hired.  In  many  cases  farmers  hire 
labor  only  for  a  few  days  or  a  few  weeks  during  the 
year  and  it  would  be  impossible  to  determine  the  true 
average  number  employed  for  the  year;  and  the  actual 
number  employed  on  any  selected  date,  even  if  ascer- 
tained correctly,  might  be  by  no  means  typical  of 
average  conditions  throughout  the  year.  The  schedule 
inquiry  as  to  wages  distinguished  between  money  pay- 


ment and  the  value  of  house  rent  and  board  furnished. 
It  is  probable  that  the  latter  item  is,  in  general,  less 
correctly  reported  than  the  former,  and  that  it  is  in 
most  cases  somewhat  understated.  The  two  classes 
of  payment  are  combined  in  most  of  the  tables. 

Table  14  presents  statistics  regarding  expenditures 
for  labor  for  each  geographic  division  and  section. 
As  an  aid  to  interpreting  the  data,  the  distribution  of 
the  total  and  of  the  improved  acreage  of  farm  land 
among  the  divisions  and  sections  by  percentages  is  also 
shown. 

The  amounts  paid  for  labor  in  individual  states, 
together  with  other  data,  are  shown  in  Table  15. 


Table  14 

AMOUNT  EXPENDED  FOE  LABOR. 

AMOUNT  EXPENDED  FOR  FERTILIZERS. 

PER  CENT  OF  UNITED  STATES  TOTAL. 

DmSION  OR  SECTIOK. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase." 

Amount 
expended 
for  labor. 

Amount 

expended 

forfertilizers. 

All  land 
in  farms. 

Improved 
land  in 
farms. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1910 

1900 

1910 

1900 

TTnited  States... 

$651,611,287 

34,500,407 
78,021,579 
117,880,195 
135,924,234 
66,607,245 
35,308,883 
59,980,738 
46,939,012 
76,448,994 

$357,391,930 

20,727,980 
60,469,890 
67,556,520 
75,764,460 
37,086,040 
19,575,416 
29,871,225 
20,372,255 
35,968,144 

$294,219,357 

13,772,427 
27,551,689 
50,323,675 
60,159,774 
29,521,205 
15,733,467 
30,109,513 
26,566,757 
40,480,850 

82.3 

66.4 
54.6 
74.5 
79.4 
79.6 
80.4 
100.8 
130.4 
112.5 

$114,882,541 

9,407,759 
18,221,474 
8,058,881 
983,216 
59,625,130 
12,901,239 
3,225,927 
159,342 
2,299,573 

$53,130,910 

4,297,705 

11,344,290 

5,866,520 

1,407,175 

22,732,670 

6,337,708 

1,374,116 

77,116 

993,610 

$61,451,631 

5,110,054 
6,877,184 
2,192,361 
-423,959 
36,892,460 
7,563,531 
1,851,811 
82,226 
1,305,963 

115.0 

118.9 
60.6 
37.4 
-30.1 
102.3 
141.7 
134.8 
106.6 
131.4 

100.0 

5.3 

12.0 

18.1 

20.9 

10.2 

5.4 

9.2 

7.2 

11.7 

100.0 

5.8 
14.1 
18.9 
21.2 
10.4 
5.5 
8.4 
5.7 
10.1 

100.0 

8.2 
15.9 
7.0 
0.9 
61.9 
11.2 
2.8 
0.1 
2.0 

100.0 

8.0 
21.2 
11.0 
2.6 
42.5 
10.0 
2.6 
0.1 
1.9 

100.0 

2.2 
4.9 
13.4 
26.5 
11.8 
9.3 
19.2 
6.8 
5.8 

100.0 
2.5 
5.3 
13.9 
24.0 
12.4 
9.7 
21.0 
5.5 
5.7 

100.0 
1.5 
6.1 

18.6 
34.3 
10.1 
9.2 
12.2 
3.3 
4.6 

100.0 
2.0 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

7.4 
20.9 
32.7 
11.1 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

9.7 
9.6 
2  0 

Pacific 

4  5 

The  North 

366,326,415 
161,896,866 
123,388,006 

214,518,850 
86,532,681 
56,340,399 

151,807,565 
75,364,185 
67,047,607 

70.8 
87.1 
119.0 

1    36,671,330 
75,752,296 
2,458,915 

22,915,690 

29,444,494 

1,070,726 

13,755,640 

46,307,802 

1,388,189 

60.0 
157.3 
129.6 

31.9 
65.9 
2.1 

42.9 
55.1 
2.0 

47.1 
40.3 
12.6 

45.6 
43.2 
11.2 

60.6 

31.5 

7.9 

63  0 

The  South 

24.8  24.2 

18.9  15.8 

30  4 

The  West 

6  6 

East  of  the  Mississippi. . 
\\  est  of  the  Mississippi. 

332,318,309 
319,292,978 

195,415,846 
161,976,084 

136,902,463 
157,316,894 

70.1 
97.1 

108,214,483 
6,668,058 

49,678,893 
3,852,017 

58,635,590 
2,816,041 

118.3 
73.1 

51.0 
49.0 

54.7 
45.3 

94.2 
5.8 

92.8 
7.2 

41.7 
58.3 

43.8 
56.2 

45.6 
54.4 

51.1 
48.9 

I  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


373 


The  total  amount  reported  as  expended  for  farm 
labor  (including  the  value  of  rent  and  board  furnished) 
in  the  coimtry  as  a  whole  in  1909  was  $651,611,000, 
as  compared  with  $357,392,000  in  1899 — an  increase 


of  82.3  per  cent.  This  increase  is  due  in  part  to  higher 
rates  of  wages,  and  in  part  to  employment  of  addi- 
tional laborers,  or  employment  for  longer  periods  of 


tmie. 


Table  15 


AMOUNT  EXPENDED  BY  FAEMEES  FOE- 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

MassachusctU  . . 

Rhode  Island  . . . 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . 
E.  N.  Centeal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

lUinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  N.  Centeal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota  . . 

South  Dakota  . . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

DIst.  Columbia . 

Virginia 


Labor. 


1909 


1899 


Fertilizers. 


1909 


$5,633,10612,667,260 


3,374,126 
4,748,003 
12,101,959 
1,761,594 
6,881,619 

41,312,014 
11,097,727 
2.5,611,838 

25,631,185 
17,682,079 
36,308,376 
19,063,082 
19,195,473 


2,304,620 
3, 133, 140 
7,487,280 
1,032,360 
4,103,420 

27, 102, 130 
6,720,030 
16,647,730 

14,502,600 
9,685,540 
22,182,550 
10,717,220 
10,468,610 


22,330,14916,657,820 
24,781,59216,375,670 


18,644,695 
21,740,149 
12,831,944 
15,028,468 


9,803,610 
9,207,220 
5,528,070 
7,399,160 


•20,567,237,10,792,910 

1,612,471  1,075,960 

8,802,172  6,715,520 

238,833   197,420 

13,. 354, 194'  7,790,720 


$4,069,479 
612,580 
570,752 

1,96.5,682 
335,103 

1,954,163 

7,142,265 
4,277,604 
6,801,605 

4,180,486 

2,189,695 

615,594 

945,354 

127,753 

74,653 
109,670 
671,073 
10,003 
11,294 
31,021 
76,602 

864,577 

3,387,634 

16,975 

6,932,455 


1899 


$819,680 
367,980 
447,065 

1,320,600 
264, 140 

1,078,240 

4,493,050 
2,165,320 
4,685,920 

2,695,470 

1,553,710 

830,"- 

492,360 

294,320 

251,120 
337, 190 
370,630 
13,855 
12,940 
153,080 
268,360 

539,040 

2,618,890 

22,600 

3,681,790 


Feed. 


1909 


$7,267,854 
4,614,938 
4,758,703 

10,878,178 
1,678,183 
5, 416, 108 

29,545,703 
5,947,181 
19,203,160! 

8,445,761 
6,893,901 
13,915,628 
5,682,916 
6,672,916 

6,041,925 
18,582,251 
17,148,006 
2,003,028 
3,049,255 
12,567,838 
17,815,252 

337,841 
2,445,066 

130,077 
3,504,660 


BECEIFTS 
FROM  SALE 
or  FEED- 
ABLE 
CEOPS. 


1909 


$1,567,463 
447,535 
966,276 
738,987 
116,079 
610,307 

10,349,957 
2,076,981 
9, 157, 120 

31,396,130 
32,749,631 
104,425,194 
12,234,203 
14,857,856 

19,741,965 
57,034,312 
20,077,983 
6,679,840 
16,373,129 
31,587,632 
22,911,128 

713,022 

3,240,590 

180 

3,753,316 


AMOUNT  EXPENDED  BY  FAEMEES  FOE- 


Labor. 


Fertilizers. 


1909 


South  Atlantic— i 
Continued.        | 
West  Virginia  ..  $4,035, 764l$2, 
North  Carolina  .\  9,220,564 
South  Carolina..  10,770,758 
Georgia 13,218,113 


Florida . 
E.  8.  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  S.  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico  . . . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington  ... 

Oregon 

Calilomia 


5,354,376 

12,243,851 
8,448,059 
7,454,748 
7,162,225 

7,654,571 
16,704,125 

9,837,541 
25,784,501 

10,930,477 
6,701,604 
6, 174, 164 

10,818,465 
3,645,423 
2,604,984 
3,160,917 
2,993,978 

15,370,931 
11,101,864 
49,976,199 


1S99 


1,041, 
6,444, 
6, 107, 
7,244, 
1,468, 

6,613, 
4,730, 
4,314, 
3,917, 

3,171, 
10,692, 
'3,675, 
12,331, 

6,077, 
2,250, 
2,615, 
4, 100, 
1,951, 
1.152, 
1,837, 
1,386, 

5,280, 
4,842, 
25,845, 


1909 


$528,937 
12,262,533 
15,162,017 
16,860,149 
3,609,853 

1,350,720 
1,216,296 
7,630,952 
2,703,271 

596,653 

2,004,919 

29,092 

595,363 

12,323 
20,737 

6,302 
61, 113 
25,371 

6,080 
20,037 

8,379 

87,023 

68,557 

2,143,993 


1899 


$405,270 
4,479,030 
4,494,410 
5,738,520 
753, 120 

908,250 

898,070 

2,599,290 

932,098 

172,510 
1,076,890 


124,716 

3,940 
17,150 
12,700 
23,225 
2,880 
2,921 
14,300 


29,165 
27,395 
937,050 


Feed. 


1909 


$1,938,233 
3,151,190 
1,830,815 
4,097,043 
1,820,356 

4,014,998 
3,570,551 
4,041,486 
3,980,638 

4,275,587 
3,784,140 
5,863,373 
10,800,046 

1,741,071 

2,122,709 

1,508,828 

4,592,799 

1,527,037 

541,371 

727,409 

443,285 

5,045,297 
3,198,363 
12,676,903 


EECEIPTS 
FEOM  sale 
OF  FEED- 
ABLE 
CROPS. 


1909 


$1,212,228 

2,061,78.3 

1,164,874 

2,045,033 

486,329 

6,282,120 

6,713,697 

1,744,732 

943,830 

2,700,067 

1,515,043 

16,430,110 

8,295,157 

3,942,518 
5,275,620 
1,238,522 
5,010,168 
1,44.5,063 
1,445,838 
1,336,199 
1,136,968 

7,277,118 

4,514,161 

21,329,528 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


The  distribution  of  the  payments  for  labor  among 
the  geographic  divisions  does  not  conform  very  closely 
to  the  distribution  of  the  total  acreage  of  farms,  or  of 
the  improved  acreage.  In  particular,  the  New  Eng- 
land, Middle  Atlantic,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divi- 
sions report  a  lal-gcr  proportion  of  the  total  expendi- 
tures for  labor  than  of  either  of  the  other  items  men- 
tioned, while  the  East  and  West  South  Central 
divisions  report  a  much  smaller  proportion.  These 
differences  are  probably  due  partly  to  differences  in 
the  prevailing  rate  of  wages,  but  more  largely  to 
differences  in  the  method  of  managing  farms.     Thus 


in  the  vSouth  there  is  less  hired  labor  because  oi  the 
prevalence  of  small  tenant  farms,  • 

These  differences  among  the  divisions  in  the  extent 
to  wliich  farmers  hire  labor  are  further  brought  out  by 
Table  16,  which  sliows  for  1909  the  proportion  which 
the  farms  in  each  division  which  reported  expendi- 
tures for  labor  in  1909  form  of  the  total  ntmiber  ot 
farms  and  the  average  expenditure  per  farm  reporting. 
As  a  guide  to  the  interpretation  of  this  average,  the 
average  size  of  all  farms  in  each  division  is  shown, 
it  being  impossible  to  state  the  average  size  of  the 
farms  which  hire  labor. 


Table  16 


DIVISION  OR  SECnON. 


United  States. . 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central  ... 
West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

The  North 

The  South 

The  West 

East  of  the  Mississippi . 
West  of  the  Mississippi 


EXPENDITURES  FOB  LABOR. 


Per 
cent 
farms 
report- 
ing 
form 
of  all 
farms 
1909 


45.9 

66.0 
65.8 
62.7 
51.0 
42.2 
31.6 
35.6 
46.8 
58.0 


55.1 
36.6 
52.5 


46.4 
45.3 


Aver' 
age 
per 
farm 
re- 
port- 
ing: 
1909 


$223 

277 
253 
199 
240 
142 
107 
178 
547 
094 


230 
143 
630 


Average  per  acre.' 


All  land  in 
farms. 


1909      1899 


$0.74 
1.75 
1.81 
1.00 
0.58 
0.64 
0.43 
0.35 
0.79 
1.49 


182 
291 


0.89 
0.46 
1.11 


0.91 
0.62 


$0.43 
1.01 
1.13 
0.58 
0.38 
0.36 
0.24 
0.17 
0.44 
0.76 


0.56 
0.24 
0.60 


0.53 
0.34 


Improved 
land  in  farms. 


1909      1899 


$L36 

4.76 
2.66 
1.33 
0.83 
1.37 
0.80 
1.03 
2.96 
3.47 


1.26 
1.07 
3.25 


1.52 
1.23 


$0.86 
2.55 
1.64 
0.78 
0.66 
0.80 
0.49 
0.75 
2.42 
1.92 


0.82 
0.69 
2.07 


0.92 
0.80 


EXPENDITURES  FOR  FERTILIZERS. 


Per 

cent 
farms  , 
report- 

M       re 


Aver- 
age 
per 
farm 
re- 
port- 
ing: 
1909 


28.7 
60.9 
57.1 
19.6 
2.1 
60.2 
.33.8 
6.4 
1.3 
6.4 


21.7 
38.2 
3.9 


43.8 
4.1 


8«3 


69 
64 
169 


Average  per  acre.' 


All  land  in 
farms. 


1909      1890 


$0.13 
0.48 
0.42 
0.07 
(') 
0.57 
0.16 
0.02 
(') 
0.04 


0.09 
0.21 
0.02 


0.30 
0.02 


$0.06 

0.21 

0.25 

0.05 

0.01 

0.22 

0.07 

0.01 

(») 

0.02 


0.06 
0.08 
0.01 


0.13 
0.01 


Improved 
land  in  farms. 


1909      1899 


$0.24 
1.30 

0.62 
0.09 
0.01 
1.23 
0.29 
0.06 
0.01 
0.10 


$0.13 
0.63 
0.37 
0.07 
0.01 
0.40 
0.13 
0.03 
0.01 
0.05 


0.13 
0.50 
0.06 


0.50 
0.03 


0.09 
0.23 
0.04 


0.23 
0.02 


AVERAGE  ACREAGE  PER  FARM. 


All  land  in 
farms. 


1910       1900 


138.1 

104.4 

92.2 

105.0 

209.6 

93.3 

78.2 

170.3 

324.5 

270.3 


143.0 
114.4 
296.9 


146.2 

107.1 
92.4 
102.4 
189.5 
108.4 
89.9 
233.8 
457.9 
334.8 


133.2 
138.2 
386.1 


Improved 
land  in 
farms. 


1910     190O 


75.2 

38.4 
62.6 
79.2 

148.0 
43.6 
42.2 
61.8 
86.8 

116.1 


100.3 

48.6 
101.7 


93.0 
211.3 


229.0 


55.4 
107.4 


72.2 

42.4 
0.3.4 
76.3 

127.9 
47.9 
44.5 
52.7 
82.9 

132.5 


90.9 
48.1 
111.8 


57.8 
98.4 


>  Based  on  acreage  In  1910  of  all  farms  and  not  of  those  hiring  labor. 


2  Less  than  1  cent. 


374 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  table  further  shows  for  1909  and  1899  the  aver- 
age expenditure  for  labor  per  acre  of  land  in  farms 
and  per  acre  of  improved  land  in  farais,  both  of  these 
averages  being  based  on  the  acreage  of  all  farms  and 
not  that  of  farms  reporting  expenditures  for  labor. 
From  the  figures  given  it  appears  that  of  the  farms  in 
the  New  England  division  66  per  cent  hired  labor  in 
1909,  the  average  expenditure  per  farm  reporting 
being  $277,  while  in  the  East  South  Central  division, 
where  there  are  many  small  tenant  farms,  only  31.8 
per  cent  of  all  farms  hired  labor,  and  the  average 
expenditure  per  farm  was  only  $107. 

Table  17  distinguishes  between  money  payment  for 
labor  and  the  value  of  house  rent  and  board  furnished. 

For  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  80.1  per  cent  of 
the  total  amount  expended  for  labor  in  1909  was  in 
the  form  of  cash,  the  remainder  (19.9  per  cent)  repre- 
senting the  value  of  rent  and  board  furnished. 


Table  17 

AMOUNT  EXPENDED  FOR  LABOR."  1909 

DIVISION. 

Total. 

Cash. 

Rent  and  board 
furnished. 

Amount. 

Per 

cent 

of 

total. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent 

of 
total. 

tTnited  States 

$651,611,287 

34,500,407 
78,021,579 
117,880,195 
135,924,234 
66,607,245 
35,308,883 
59,980,738 
46,939,012 
76,448,994 

$521,729,941 

27,603,492 
59,913,169 
91,591,170 
105,023,453 
55,413,285 
28,662,434 
62,219,927 
37,384,652 
63,918,359 

80.1 

80.0 
76.8 
77.7 
77.3 
83.2 
81.2 
87.1 
79.6 
83.6 

1129,881,346 

6,896,915 

18,108,410 

26,289,025 

30,900,781 

11,193,960 

6,646,449 

7,760,811 

9,554,360 

12,530,635 

19.9 

20.0 

Middle  Atlantic 

23.2 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

22.3 
22.7 
16.8 

East  South  CentrtH 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

18.8 
12.9 
20.4 

Pacific 

16.4 

Expenditures  for  fertilizers :  1909  and  1899. — At  the 
last  two  censuses  the  agricultural  schedules  contained 
inquiries  as  to  the  amount  expended  for  fertilizers. 
These  expenditures  are  made  chiefly  for  commercial 
or  artificial  fertilizers,  but  to  some  extent  for  the  pur- 
chase of  manure  or  other  natural  fertilizers  derived 
chiefly  from  cities,  towns,  and  villages.  Table  14  pre- 
sents data  regarding  expenditures  for  fertilizers  by 
geographic  divisions  and  sections.  Less  detailed  data 
for  each  state  appear  in  Table  15. 


The  total  amount  reported  as  spent  for  fertilizers 
by  the  farmers  of  the  United  States  in  1909  was 
$114,883,000,  an  increase  of  115  per  cent  as  compared 
with  the  expenditure  in  1899. 

There  is  a  wide  diversity  among  the  sections  of  the 
country  with  reference  to  the  practice  of  buying  fer- 
tilizers. The  great  bulk  of  the  expenditure  reported 
in  1909  was  in  New  England,  the  Middle  Atlantic  di- 
vision, the  states  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  in  the  East 
North  Central  division,  the  South  Atlantic  division 
(which  reported  more  than  half  of  the  total),  and  the 
East  South  Central  division.  In  the  other  sections  of 
the  country  the  fertility  of  the  soil,  in  so  far  as  any 
attempt  is  made  to  conserve  it,  is  usually  maintained 
rather  by  rotation  of  crops,  letting  the  land  lie  fallow, 
or  using  manure  derived  from  live  stock.  Differences 
in  the  character  of  the  soil  and  in  the  kinds  of  crops 
raised  have  a  direct  bearing  on  the  use  of  commercial 
fertilizers.  The  South  Atlantic  division  shows  a 
higher  rate  of  increase  in  expenditures  for  fertilizers 
(162.3  per  cent)  between  1899  and  1909  than  any 
other.  In  the  West  North  Central  division,  where  the 
expenditures  for  fertilizers  at  both  censuses  were  very 
low,  they  were  considerably  less  in  1909  than  in  1899. 

The  percentages  and  averages  in  Table  16  show 
further  the  differences  among  the  geographic  divisions 
with  respect  to  the  practice  of  buying  fertilizers.  In 
the  country  as  a  whole  in  1909,  28.7  per  cent  of  the 
farms  bought  fertiUzers,  the  average  expenditure  per 
farm  being  $63.  In  the  South  Atlantic  division  69.2 
per  cent  of  all  the  farms  reported  some  expenditure  for 
fertilizers  in  1909,  the  average  per  farm  reporting  being 
$77,  while  in  the  West  North  Central  division  only  2.1 
per  cent  of  the  farms  bought  fertilizers,  and  the  average 
amount  spent  per  farm  was  only  $41,  notwithstanding 
the  fact  that  the  farms  of  this  section  average  much 
larger  than  those  in  the  South  Atlantic  division.  The 
expenditures  for  fertilizers  in  the  South  Atlanfic  divi- 
sion were  equal  to  $1.23  for  each  acre  of  improved 
land  in  farms  (based  on  aU  farms  and  not  merely  those 
reporting  expenditures  for  fertilizers),  while  in  the  West 
North  Central  division  the  corresponding  average  was 
only  $0.01. 


THE  CEREALS. 


Considered  as  an  aggregate  the  cereals  are,  both  in 
acreage  and  value,  the  most  important  of  the  crops  of 
the  United  States.  In  1909  they  occupied  40  per  cent 
of  all  improved  farm  land,  and  contributed  48.6  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  crops.  The  acreage,  produc- 
tion, and  value  of  the  combined  cereals  in  1909,  with 
comparative  figures  for  1899,  are  given  in  Table  21. 

Attention  has  already  been  called  to  the  large  share 
which  the  two  North  Central  divisions  have  in  the 
acreage  of  cereals.  With  upwards  of  126,000,000 
acres  in  1909  these  two  divisions  contained  nearly 
two-thirds  of  the  total  cereal  acreage  of  the  country, 
though  at  the  same  time  it  should  be  noted  that  these 


divisions  contained  shghtly  more  than  one-half  of  all  the 
improved  farm  land.  Seven  states — Illinois,  Kansas, 
Iowa,  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  Missouri,  and  Minne- 
sota— with  an  aggregate  of  92,000,000  acres,  contained 
nearly  one-half  of  the  total  acreage  in  cereals  in  1909. 
Comparing  1909  with  1899,  the  figures  for  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  show  an  increase  of  3.5  per  cent  in 
the  acreage  of  cereals  and  of  only  1.7  per  cent  in  pro- 
duction, the  difference  in  the  rate  of  increase  being 
due  to  a  slightly  smaller  production  per  acre.  During 
the  decade  the  population  increased  21  per  cent,  while 
the  per  capita  production  of  cereals,  which  in  1899  was 
58.4  bushels,  was  in  1909  only  49.1  bushels.     With  a 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


375 


production  only  slightly  larger,  the  value  of  the  cereal 
crop  in  1909  exceeded  that  in  1899  by  $1,183,000,000, 
or  79.8  per  cent. 

The  sHght  gain  which  has  been  noted  in  the  cereal 
acreage  was  far  from  being  evenly  distributed  through- 
out the  country.  Indeed,  all  divisions  east  of  the 
'  Mississippi  River  lost  in  acreage,  the  aggregate  loss 
being  over  6,000,000  acres.  West  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  on  the  other  hand,  all  divisions  except  the 
Pacific  increased  their  acreage,  with  a  net  gain  of  over 
12,000,000  acres.  Twenty-seven  states  had  a  smaller 
acreage  of  cereals  in  1909  than  in  1899.  Of  the  seven 
leading  states  mentioned  above,  North  Dakota  in- 
creased its  acreage  enormously  during  the  decade, 
Kansas  made  a  considerable,  and  Nebraska  a  slight 
gain,  but  in  lEinois,  Iowa,  Minnesota,  and  Missouri 
decreases  occurred. 

The  distribution  of  production  throughout  the 
several  divisions  and  the  increase  or  decrease  from  one 
year  to  another  follow  the  conditions  observed  in  re- 
gard to  acreage  approximately,  but  not  exactly,  since 
variations  in  the  average  yield  in  different  sections 
make  some  changes  in  the  proportions.  For  the  United 
States  as  a  whole  the  production  was  practically  the 
same  in  1909  as  in  1899,  with  an  increase  of  only  1.7 
per  cent  in  the  later  year  as  compared  with  the  earlier. 

Twenty-one  states  reported  a  smaller  production  in 
1909  than  in  1899.  Of  the  seven  leading  states,  North 
Dakota  shows  an  increase  in  production  even  greater 
relatively  than  that  in  acreage,  and  Minnesota  shows 
a  slight  increase  in  production,  in  spite  of  a  decrease 
in  acreage,  while  lUinois,  Kansas,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and 
Missouri  show  a  decrease  in  production,  though  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  gained  in  acreage. 

Table  21  shows  that  the  remarkable  increase  in  the 
value  of  the  cereal  crop  disclosed  by  the  census  gen- 
erally was  shared  by  all  divisions.  In  only  one  state, 
Cahfomia,  was  there  any  decrease  in  the  value  of  the 
cereal  production  in  1909  as  compared  with  1899. 
Elsewhere  the  general  advance  in  values  more  than 
offset  such  losses  as  occurred  in  production. 

While  the  cereals  will  later  be  discussed  individually, 
it  is  of  interest  to  consider  here  the  relative  importance 
of  the  different  crops.  This  is  shown  in  Table  18, 
which  gives  for  the  United  States  and  for  each  geo- 
graphic division  and  section  the  percentage  of  the  ag- 
gregate cereal  acreage  which  was  occupied  by  each 
crop  in  1909. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  a  little  more  than 
one-haK  of  the  acreage  devoted  to  cereals  is  in  com, 
a  little  less  than  one-fourth  in  wheat,  and  somewhat 
more  than  one-sixth  in  oats.  In  each  of  the  nine  divi- 
sions except  the  Pacific  the  three  leading  cereals — com, 
wheat,  and  oats — occupy,  as  in  the  United  States  at 
lai^e,  much  more  than  three-fourths  of  the  total 
cereal  acreage.  In  the  Pacific  states  the  acreage  of 
com  is  insignificant  and  that  of  barley  exceeds  that 


of  oats.  Com  occupies  the  leading  place  in  the  im- 
portant cereal  producing  regions,  but  in  the  New 
England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  the  first  place 
is  held  by  oats,  and  in  the  Pacific  and  Mountain 
divisions  by  wheat.  The  cereals  included  under  the 
head  of  "all  other"  in  the  final  column  of  the  table 
are  emmer  and  spelt,  kafir  corn,  and  rice.  The  share 
of  these  in  the  aggregate  acreage  in  most  divisions  is 
shght,  but  in  the  West  South  Central  division  kafir 
com  occupies  5.7  per  cent  and  rice  3  per  cent  of  the 
total  cereal  acreage. 


Table  18 

PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  CEEEAL  ACEEAOE  (1909)  IN- 

- 

DIVISION  OE  SECTION. 

AU     i 
cereals.' 

Com. 

Wheat 

Oats. 

Bar- 
ley. 

Rye. 

Buck- 
wheat. 

AU 
other. 

trnlted  States  . . . 

100.0 

100.0 
100.0  , 
100.0  1 
100.0 
100.0  , 
100.0  1 
100.0  . 
100.0 
100.0 

51.4 
38.9 
29.1 
61.8 
42.9 
74.5 
83.4 
76.6 
13.8 
1.6 

23.1 
1.0 
21.5 
16.6 
30.9 
14.7 
9.7 
8.0 
38.3 
57.9 

18.4 

47.6 

33.9 

26.5 

18.8 

9.0 

6.4 

6.6 

34.7 

13.8 

4.0 

3.5 
1.2 
2.4 
5.7 
0.1 

(») 
0.1 
9.3 

25.4 

1.1 

2.8 
6.4 
2.3 
0.6 
1.0 
0.4 

0.4 

0.6 

6.1 
8.0 
0.3 
(') 
0.6 

1.5 

^ 

1.1 

0.2 
(') 
8.8 
2.9 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.... 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central... 
Mountain 

Pacific 

0.8 

The  North 

100.0 
100.0 
100.0 

45.0 
77.9 
6.1 

25.8 
10.6 
60.7 

22.2 
7.3 
21.5 

4.4 
0.1 
19.5 

1.4 
0.4 
0.6 

0.6 
0.2 
(') 

0.7 

The  South 

3.6 

The  West 

1.5 

East  of  the  Mississippi. 
West  of  the  Mississippi. 

100.0 
100.0 

1 

69.4 
45.8 

15.4 
28.5 

20.5 
16.9 

1.4 
6.8 

2.1 
0.6 

1.1 

"L 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

In  the  South  corn  occupies  over  three-fourths  of 
the  total  cereal  acreage,  but  in  the  North  the  propor- 
tion is  less  than  one-half.  In  both  of  these  sections 
wheat  is  second  in  importance,  with  oats  a  close  third. 
In  the  West,  however,  wheat  occupies  one-half  the 
cereal  acreage,  and  oats  and  barley  each  about  one- 
fifth,  while  the  acreage  of  com  is  insignificant. 

Table  19  shows  the  distribution  of  the  total 
acreage  of  each  particular  crop  among  the  different 
geographic  divisions  and  sections. 


Table  19 

PEE  CENT  OF  TOTAL  ACEEAOE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES:  1909 

DIVISION  OB  SECTION. 

All 

cereals. 

Com. 

Wheat. 

Oats. 

Barley. 

Rye. 

Buck- 
Wheat. 

United  States 

New  England 

100.0 

0.2 

3.9 

22.1 

43.7 

8.0 

7.1 

10.2 

1.8 

3.0 

100.0 
0.2 

2.2 
22.3 
36.5 
11.6 
11.5 
15.2 
0.5 
0.1 

100.0 

'1. 
15.9 
58.4 
6.1 
3.0 
3.5 
2.9 
7.6 

100.0 
0.6 
7.2 
31.9 
44.7 
3.9 
2.5 
3.6 
3.3 
2.3 

100.0 

0.2 

1.1 

13.1 

61.9 

0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

4.1 

19.2 

100.0 

0.6 

21.5 

44.1 

21.4 

7.2 

2.3 

0.3 

1.5 

1.2 

100.0 
3.3 

Middle  Atlantic 

.67.4 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

15.9 
3.0 
9.7 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

0.5 

Pacific 

0.1 

The  North. 

70.0 
25.3 
4.8 

61.2 
38.2 
0.6 

78.0 
11.6 
10.5 

84.4 
10.0 
5.6 

76.3 
0.5 
23.2 

87.7 
9.7 
2.6 

89.6 

The  South 

10.2 

The  West 

0.2 

East  of  the  Mississippi. . 
West  of  the  Mississippi . 

41.3 
68.7 

47.7 
52.3 

27.6 
72.4 

46.1 
53.9 

14.7 
85.3 

75.7 
24.3 

96.9 
3.1 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

This  distribution  reflects  in  part  the  size  of  the  differ- 
ent divisions  and  sections  of  the  country,  or,  rather,  the 
amount  of  improved  land  in  them.  Hence  for  the 
three  leading  cereals,  corn,  oats,  and  wheat,  the  largest 
proportion  of  the  acreage  is  found  in  the  West  North 


376 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Central  division  and  the  next  largest  in  the  East 
North  Central  division.  In  the  acreage  of  barley  the 
prominence  of  the  West  North  Central  division  is  even 
more  clearly  marked,  but  the  Pacific  division  shows  a 
larger  proportion  of  the  total  than  the  East  North 
Central.  The  center  of  buckwheat  production  is  in 
the  Middle  Atlantic  division,  which  has  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  total  acreage.  In  the  case  of  rye 
the  East  North  Central  division  leads,  followed  by  the 
Middle  Atlantic  and  West  North  Central,  which  have 
almost  identical  proportions.  Of  the  acreage  of  cereals 
not  shown  in  the  table,  95.5  per  cent  of  that  in  rice  is 
in  the  West  South  Central  division;  67.7  per  cent  of 
that  in  kafir  com  is  in  the  same  division;  and  91.1 
per  cent  of  that  in  emmer  and  spelt  is  in  the  West 
North  Central  division. 

About  three-fifths  of  the  corn  acreage  and  more  than 
three-fourths  of  that  of  each  of  the  other  cereals  men- 
tioned in  the  table  are  in  the  North.  The  South  has 
a  much  larger  proportion  of  the  acreage  of  com  than 
of  that  of  the  other  cereals,  while  the  West  has  nearly 
one-fourth  of  the  acreage  of  barley. 

Table  20  gives  the  acreage  of  the  cereal  group  as 
a  whole  and  of  the  several  cereal  crops,  as  reported 
at  each  census  from  1879  to  1909.  The  distribution 
of  the  acreage  of  all  cereals  in  1909  among  the  states 
is  shown  by  the  map  below. 

The  acreage  of  the  cereals  increased  rapidly  during 
the  20  years  preceding  1899,  being  in  that  year  nearly 
45,000,000  greater  than  in  1889  and  66,000,000  greater 
than  in  1879.  In  the  last  decade,  however,  the  in- 
crease in  the  acreage  of  the  cereal  crops  amounted  to 


but  little  more  than  6,000,000.  Corn  and  wheat  made 
their  greatest  gains  in  the  decade  ending  with  1899, 
and  since  that  time  the  increase  in  the  acreage  of  com 
has  been  relatively  small,  while  the  acreage  of  wheat 
has  fallen  off  more  than  8,000,000.  After  an  increase 
of  over  12,000,000  in  the  acreage  of  oats  between  1879 
and  1889  this  crop  made  a  comparatively  slight  increase 
in  the  following  10  years,  but  in  the  decade  ending 
with  1909  gained  nearly  6,000,000  acres.  Of  the  minor 
cereals,  barley  shows  a  substantial  increase  in  each 
decade,  while  the  acreage  of  rye  increased  about  one- 
sixth  between  1879  and  1889,  but  shows  compara- 
tively little  change  during  the  next  20  years,  and  the 
acreage  of  buckwheat  has  remained  practically  station- 
ary during  the  30  years  covered  by  the  table.  The 
acreage  of  rice  changed  but  little  during  the  first 
decade,  but  practically  doubled  during  each  succeed- 
ing one.  ^  At  each  census  corn  has  occupied  more  than 
half  of  the  cereal  acreage,  while  wheat  has  ranked  sec- 
ond and  oats  third. 


Table  20 

CROP. 


AU  cereals 

Com 

Oats 

Wheat 

Barley 

Buckwheat 

Rye 

Rough  rice 

Emmer  and  spelt 

Kafir    com    and    milo 
maize 


ACREAGE  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


1909 


191,395.963 

98,382,665 

35,159,441 

44,262,592 

7,698,706 

878,048 

2,195,561 

610, 175 

573,622 

1,635,153 


1899 


1889 


184,982,220 

94,913,673 

29,539,698 

52,588,574 

4,470,196 

807,060 

2,054,292 

342,214 

0) 

266,513 


140,378,857 

72,087,752 

28,320,677 

33,579,514 

3,220,834 

837,164 

2,171,604 

161,312 

0) 

(') 


1879 


118,805.952: 

62,368,504 
16,144,593 
35,430,333 

1,997,727 
848,389 

1,842,233 

174,  na 
0) 

0) 


>  Not  reported  separately. 


ALL  CEREALS. 

ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


FARM  CROPS,   BY  STATES. 


377 


ALL  CEREALS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.) 


Table  21 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States... 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  Nortli  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire... . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

PeniLsylvania 

East  North  Cintkal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

We.st  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAaFic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1909 


191,395,963 


468,617 
7,430,170 
42,305,757 
83, 705, 743 
15,282,740 
13,575,676 
19,468,212 
3,354,674 
5,804,374 


159,616 
32,928 

134,611 
55,267 
12, 112 
74,083 

2,602,461 

503,651 

4,324,058 

7,649,873 
8, 752, 732 
16,536,457 
4,415,629 
4,951,066 

10rl39,850 
15,041,039 
10,255,476 
11,887,141 
8,203,519 
12,540,049 
15,638,669 

309,288 
1,329,201 
452 
2,841,114 
1,038,931 
3,250,870 
1,955,696 
3,906,703 

650,486 

4,323,702 
4,136,647 
2,844,824 
2,270,503 

2,564,898 
1,938,357 
8,248,653 
6,716,304 

635,807 
847,138 
186,947 
1,057,905 
218,037 
75,269 
298,613 
34,958 

2,591,582 
1,242,300 
1,970,492 


1S99 


184,982.220 

605,327 
8,452,125 
43,553,749 
75,771,149 
16,964,662 
15,601,376 
15,919,053 
1,636,980 
6,677,799 


166,896 
42,335 

160,127 
53,385 
10,562 
72,032 

3,125,077 

588,863 
4, 738, 196 

8,214,960 
8,471,709 
16,769,010 
4,721,126 
6,376,944 

11,207,060 
16,920,095 
10,423,745 
5,610,374 
6,211,223 
12,071,703 
13,326,940 

318,772 
1,368,265 
543 
3,166,332 
1,307,428 
3,794,064 
2,251,050 
4,150,886 

607,322 

5,066,529 
5,055,328 
3,088,454 
2,372,065 

2,980,684 

1,573,759 

14,431,819 

6,932,791 

254,231 
369,788 

50,528 
525,299 

9(),402 

53,958 
255,699 

31,075 

1,350,897 
1,222,648 
4,004,254 


Increase. 


Amount.      Perot. 


6,413,743 


-36, 710 

-1,021,955 

-1,247,992 

7,934,594 

-1,681,922 

-2,025,700 

3,549,159 

1,717,694 

-773,426 


.    -7,280 

-9,407 

-26,516 

1,882 

1,560 

2,051 

-522,616 
-85,202 
-414, 137 

-565,067 
281,023 
-232,553 
-906,497 
-428,878 

-1,067,219 
-1,879,056 
-168.269 
6,276,767 
1,992,296 
468,346 
2,311,729 

-9,484 
-39,064 
-91 
-325,218 
-268,497 
-543,194 
-295,355 
-244, 183 
43,164 

-761,827 
-918,681 
-243,630 
-101,562 

-415,788 

364,598 

3,816,834 

-216,487 

381,576 
477,350 
136,419 
532,606 
121,635 
21,311 
42,914 
3,883 

1,240,685 

19,652 

-2,033,762 


3.6 


—7.3 

-12.1 

-2.9 

10.5 

-9.9 

-13.0 

22.3 

104.9 

-11.8 


-4.4 

-22.2 

-15.9 

3.6 

14.8 

2.8 

-16.7 
-14.6 

-8.7 

3.3 
-1.4 
-6.6 
-7.9 

-9.6 

-11.1 

-1.6 

111.9 

32.1 

3.9 

17.  S 

-3.0 
-2.9 
-16.8 
-10.3 
-20.6 
-14.3 
-13.1 
-5.9 
7.1 

-15.0 

-18.2 

-7.9 

-4.3 

-13.9 
23.2 
86.1 
-3.1 

150.1 

129.1 

270.0 

101.4 

126.2 

39.5 

16.8 

12.5 

91.8 

1.6 

-50.8 


production  (bushels). 


1909 


4.512.564,465 


16,972,973 

182,950,097 

1,382,640,124 

1,936,411,197 

231,040,725 

237,760,717 

309,793,487 

88,929,191 

126,089,954 


5,395,168 
1,365,965 
4,351,467 
2,402,738 
469,384 
3,008,251 

e0,2»,218 
14,035,621 
99,675,368 

247, 749,763 
281,488,700 
680,954,423 
121,862,638 
160,684,600 

269,148,531 
489,803,118 
246,786,298 
217,246,973 
174,903,749 
286,078,947 
263,443,681 

6,648,644 
29, 183, 197 
13,232 
60,283,074 
22,116,677 
41,117,292 
27,493,764 
46,536,619 

7,648,336 

94,836,975 
79,148,649 
34,072,032 
29,709,061 

42,666,839 

37,273,196 

129,816,483 

100,047,969 

I 

21,239,157; 

26,528,174; 

4,523,3101 

22,322.328 

2,975,383 

1,878,960 

8,296,625 

1,165,254 

60,610,807 
26,343,230 
39,105,917 


1899 


4,438,857,013 


17,447,477 
213,777,362 
1,371,560,131 
1,877,640,699 
220,394,303 
251,846,755 
326, 732, 734 
36,715,523 
122,742,029 


5,291,655 
1,677,226 
5,706,140! 
1,894,036| 
350, 110: 
2,526,312' 


Amoimt.      Perct 


73,707,452 


-474,504 

-30,827,265 

11,079,993 

58,770,498 

10,646,422 

-14,080,038 

-16,939,247 

52,213,668 

3,317,925 


103,513 
-321,260 
-1,366,673 
508,703 
109,274 
481,939 


80,413,666:  -11,174,477 
18,553,475 
117,810,192 


-1,617,964 
-18,134,834 


246,967,865  1,791,906 

249,448,647  32,043,053 

600,107,3781  -19,152,966 

105,359,403;  16,503,236 

170,689,848!  -20,105,248 

242,853,903;  16,294,628 
593,978,3581-104,175,240 

252, 772, 272J  -5, 985, 974 

90,430,446;  126,816,527 

101,194,100  73,709,649 

297,865,366  -12,786,419 

298,646,264  -35,102,673 


6,775,575 
30,985,936 
16,300 
49,470,178 
23, 162, 6681 
42,090,432J 
22,834,720 
39,372,927 

5,695,567 

92,422,5661 
82,095,132 
37,610,914 
39,718,143 

60,627,456 

28,594,874 

1100,318,982 

147,291,423 

7,599,180 
8,394,800 
1, 195, 775 
10,501,528 
1,653,102 
1,147,262 
5,381,125 
842,751 

30,430,585 
23.225,515 
69,065,929 


-127,031 

-1,802,739 

-3,068 

812,896 

-1,035,991 

-973, 140 

4,659,034 

7,163,692 

1,952,769 

2,414,409 

-2,946,483 

-3,538,882 

-10,009,082 

-7,871,616 

8,678,322 

29,497,501 

-47,243,454 

13,639,977 

18,133,374 

•  3,327,535 

11,820,800 

1,322,281 

731,698 

2,915,500 

322,503 

30,180,222 

3,117,715 

-29,980,012 


1.7 


-2.7 
-14.4 

0.8 

3.1 

4. 
-5.6 
-5.2 
142.2 

2.7 


2.0 
-19.2 
-23.8 
26.9 
31.2 
19.1 

-13.9 
-9.8 
-15.4 

0.7 

12.8 

-3.2 

16.7 

-11.8 

6.7 
-17.6 
-2.4 
140.2 
72.8 
-4.3 
-11.8 

-1.9 

-6.8 

-18.8 

1.6 

-4.6 

-2.3 

20.4 

18.2 

34.3 

2.6 
-3.6 
-9.4 
-25.2 

-15.6 
30.4 
29.4 

-32.1 

179.5 
216.0 
278.3 
112.6 
80.0 
63.8 
54.2 
38.3 

99.2 

13.4 

-43.4 


1909 


12,665,539,714 


$1,488,603,049 


10,664,849 
123,246,651 
731,015,347 
1,089,912,479 
194,466,951 
173,832,911 
194,958,491 
56,779,935 
90,662,100 


3,100,902 
879,631 

2,651,877 

1,617,131 
376,097 

2,039,211 

43,099,988 
9,797,937 
70,348,726 

137,907,934 

151,898,146 

297,523,098 

70,844,250 

73,141,919 

140,864,148 
230,205,315 
147,980,414 
149,133,451 
98,063,060 
163,666,662 
169,109,449 

4,692,329 
21,908,730 
9,935 
39,993,929 
15,997,700 
37,848,797 
25,434,539 
42,405,019 

6,175,973 

60,738,651 
55,302,278 
30,927,210 
26,864,772 

31,262,922 
24,786,984 
71,798,662 
67,109,923 

12,251,345 
16,026,676 
2,744,502 
14,787,519 
2,382,996 
1,570,853 
6,092,281 
923,763 

44, 762, 138 
17,860,136 
28,039,826 


1899 


7, 722, 703 
92,032,936 
428,806,352 
547,296,135 
111,068,436 
114,349,649 
109,968,922 
16,220,286 
55,137,630 


2,138,203 
774,243 

2,446,585 
922,127 
189,657 

1,251,888 

34,284,705 
6,938,690 
50,809,641 

91,748,320 
81,858,826 
164,784,437 
41,819,042 
48,595,728 

85,817,556 
147,919,076 
79,574,841 
40,126,051 
34,506,061 
75,730,442 
83,622,109 

3,032,513 
14,505,992 
7,039 
23,759,479 
11,571,334 
22,082,175 
12, 722, 415 
20,481,157 

2,906,332 

39,692,771 
36,914,592 
18,424,318 
19,317,968 

20,233,270 

14,491,796 

128,111,290 

47,132,566 

3,267,726 
3,212,387 

528,481 
4,700,271 

979,903 

673,639 
2,386,789 

471,090 

12,191,397 
9,271,500 
33,674,733 


Increase. 


Amount.      Perct. 


91,182,936,665 

2,942,146 
31,213,715 
302,208,995 
542,616,344 
83,398,515 
69,483,262 
84,989,509 
40,559,649 
35,524,470 


%2,699 
105,388 
205,292 
695,004 
186,440 
787,323 

8,815,283 
2,859,247 
19,639,185 

46,169,614 
70,039,321 
132,738,661 
28,725,208 
24,546,191 

55,046,593 
82,286,239 
68,405,573 
109,007,400 
64,446, 
77,936,210 
88,487,340 

1,659,816 

7,402,738 

2,896 

16,234,450 

4,426,300 
15,760,622 
12,712,124 
21,923,862 

3,269,641 

21,045,880 
18,387,686 
12,502,892 
7,546,804 

11,029,652 
10,295,188 
43,687,372 
19,977,357 

8,983,619 
12,814,289 
2,216,021 
10,087,248  214.6 
1,403,093  143.2 
897,214  133.2 
3,705,492|  155.3 
452,673  96.1 


32,570,741 
8,588,636 
-6,634,907-16.7 


I  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


878 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Corn. — For  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  area  of 
com  harvested  increased  from  94,914,000  acres  in 
1899  to  98,383,000  in  1909,  or  3.7  per  cent,  but  the 
production  decreased  from  2,666,000,000  bushels  to 
2,552,000,000  bushels,  or  4.3  per  cent.  The  total  value 
of  the  crop  of  1909,  however,  was  $1,439,000,000,  as 
compared  with  $828,000,000  in  1899,  an  increase  of 
$610,000,000,  or  73.7  per  cent.  Corn  in  1909  occupied 
20.6  per  cent  of  the  improved  farm  land  of  the  coun- 
try and  contributed  26.2  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
crops.  The  statistics  are  presented  by  divisions  and 
states,  in  Table  23. 

Table  22  gives,  for  the  nine  geographic  divisions 
and  for  the  five  leading  producing  states,  percentages 
and  averages  derived  mainly  from  Table  23. 


Table  22 

acreage; 
1909 

AVERAGE 
YIELD  IN 
BUSHELS 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

BUSHEL. 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

ACRE. 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Per 
cent  of 
United 
States 
total. 

Per 
cent  of 

im- 
proved 
land. 

PER  ACRE. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

United  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central . 
Mountain 

100.0 

0.2 
2.2 
22.3 
36.5 
11.6 
11.5 
15.2 
0.5 
0.1 

20.6 
2.5 
7.4 
24.6 
21.9 
23.5 
25.8 
25.6 
2.9 
0.4 

25.9 

45.2 
32.2 
38.6 
27.7 
15.8 
18.6 
15.7 
15.8 
24.0 

28.1 

39.4 
34.0 
38.3 
31.4 
14.1 
18.4 
21.9 
16.5 
25.2 

$0.56 
0.67 
0.65 
0.51 
0.51 
0.83 
0.72 
0.61 
0.63 
0.78 

$0.31 
0.51 
0.43 
0.30 
0.26 
0.47 
0.43 
0.32 
0.50 
0.47 

$14. 62 
30.54 
21.05 
19.83 
14.00 
13.13 
13.33 
9.59 
9.89 
18.82 

$8.73 
20.04 
14.63 
11.51 
8.07 
6.60 
7.98 
6.98 
8.31 

Pacific 

11.80 

Illinois 

10.2 
9.4 
8.2 
7.4 
7.2 

35.8 
31.3 
27.1 
29.8 
28.9 

38.8 
37.1 
19.1 
24.8 
26.9 

38.8 
39.1 
27.8 
28.8 
28.1 

0.51 
0.49 
0.52 
0.49 
0.56 

0.29 
0.25 
0.25 
0.24 
0.29 

19.74 
18.16 
9.96 
12.14 
15.09 

11.21 

Iowa 

9.92 

7.03 

6.99 

Missouri 

8.25 

The  percentage  of  the  acreage  in  each  geographic 
division  has  already  been  discussed .  The  leading  states 
in  acreage  of  com  are  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
and  Missouri,  in  the  order  named.  Each  of  these  states 
had  more  than  7,000,000  acres  in  corn  in  1909,  their 
aggregate  acreage  being  nearly  42,000,000,  or  over  two- 
fifths  of  the  total  corn  acreage  of  the  United  States. 
The  distribution  of  the  com  acreage  of  1909  among 
the  states  is  shown  by  the  map  on  page  384. 

In  the  United  States  as  a  whole  corn  occupies  about 
one-fifth  of  the  improved  land  in  farms,  this  propor- 
tion being  exceeded  in  each  of  the  five  principal  agri- 
cultural divisions.  In  the  five  states  mentioned  above 
corn  occupies  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  improved 
land  in  farms,  while  in  Illinois  it  occupies  more  than  one- 
third  and  in  Iowa  almost  one-third. 

Table  23  shows  that  by  far  the  most  extensive 
change  in  the  acreage  of  corn  during  the  decade  from 
1899  to  1909  was  in  the  West  South  Central  division, 
where  the  area  harvested  increased  3,731,000  acres,  or 
33.4  per  cent,  almost  all  of  this  increase  taking  place  in 
the  single  state  of  Oklahoma.  It  may  be  noted  also 
that  the  gain  in  this  state  is  equivalent  to  98.4  per  cent 
of  the  entire  net  increase  in  the  total  corn  acreage  of  the 
United  States.  For  the  Mountain  division  a  very  high 
percentage  of  increase  is  recorded,  though  the  acreage 
is  still  small.  A  marked  relative  decrease  is  shown  for 
the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions,  but 


in  neither  is  the  production  of  corn  very  important. 
Among  the  leading  com  states,  there  were  increased 
acreages  in  Minnesota,  North.  Dakota,  and  South 
Dakota,  and  decreased  acreages  in  Iowa  and  Missouri. 

The  average  yield  for  the  United  States  was  25.9  bush- 
els per  acr6  in  1909  and  28.1  bushels  in  1899.  Among 
the  geographic  divisions  which  have  a  considerable 
acreage  in  corn,  the  highest  yield  in  1909  was  in  the  East 
North  Central  division  and  the  lowest  in  the  West  South 
Central  division.  In  the  West  North  Central  and 
West  South  Central  divisions,  which  contain  about  one- 
half  of  the  total  corn  acreage,  the  average  yield  in  1909 
was  conspicuously  lower  than  in  1899.  In  the  other 
divisions  the  average  per  acre  changed  but  little. 
Among  the  principal  corn  states,  Kansas  showed  a  very 
conspicuous  falling  off  in  average  yield,  and  of  the  five 
states  named  in  the  table,  Illinois  was  the  only  one  in 
which  the  yield  did  not  decrease.  By  reason  of  these 
differences  in  average  yield  per  acre,  the  changes  in 
the  total  production  of  the  various  divisions  and  states 
do  not  correspond  very  closely  with  the  changes  in 
acreage.  Two  divisions  with  increased  acreages  report 
a  smaller  production  in  1909  than  in  1899,  and  two  with 
reduced  acreages  report  a  greater  production.  In  each 
of  the  five  states  which  lead  in  acreage  both  the  acreage 
and  the  production  decreased  during  the  decade,  but  in 
Kansas  and  Nebraska  the  decrease  in  production  was 
much  more  pronounced  than  that  in  acreage. 

The  average  value  of  corn  per  bushel  ia  1909  was 
$0.56,  as  compared  with  $0.31  in  1899.  The  divisions 
from  which  the  highest  average  values  are  reported  are, 
with  the  exception  of  the  South  Atlantic  and  East  South 
Central  divisions,  those  having  a  comparatively  small 
acreage  in  com.  With  the  great  advance  in  average  value 
per  bushel,  there  was  a  corresponding  advance  in  the 
average  value  per  acre,  though  by  reason  of  a  decreased 
yield  per  acre  the  percentage  of  increase  was  not  so  great. 
For  the  crop  as  a  whole,  however,  the  advance  in  the 
average  value  per  bushel,  despite  a  diminished  produc- 
tion, resulted  in  an  enormous  increase  in  aggregate 
value,  in  which  every  state  except  Vermont  shared. 

The  per  capita  production  of  com  in  1909  was  27.7 
bushels,  as  compared  with  35.1  bushels  in  1899.  The 
decreased  production  per  capita,  with  the  accompany- 
ing increase  in  price,  has  resulted  in  a  great  falling  off 
in  exports.  For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1900,  ex. 
ports  amounted  to  213,123,000  bushels,  equal  to  8  per 
cent  of  the  crop  of  1899,  while  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1910,  they  amounted  to  only  38,128,000  bushels, 
or  1.5  per  cent  of  the  crop  of  1909.  With  the  exception 
of  the  year  1908,  this  is  the  smallest  proportion  of  the 
com  crop  exported  in  any  year  since  1870.  Of  the 
1899  crop  the  amount  remaining  for  home  use  was 
2,453,000,000  bushels,  while  of  the  1909  crop  it  was 
2,514,000,000  bushels — the  amount  retained  in  1909 
being  the  greater  by  61,000,000  bushels.  Thus  in 
1899,  32.3  bushels  per  capita  remained  for  home  use, 
and  in  1909,  27.3  bushels. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


379 


CORN— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  miniis  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  23 

DinaiON  OB  8TATB. 


United  Statei — 

Oeoqbaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Paciflo 

New  Enolakd: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire. . . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nobth  Centbal: 

Ohio 

TnHi^m^^ 

niinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Nobth  Centbal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

MiSBoail 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas....... 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. 

North  Carolina. 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  Sooth  Centbal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  Soi^h  Centbal; 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington. 

Oregon. 

California 


1909 


98,382,665 


182,065 
158,554 
,910,191 
,945,297 
386,984 
,328,268 
,912,067 
463,991 
95,248 


15,213 
10,814 
42,887 
41,766 
9,679 
62,717 

612,442 

265,441 

1,380,671 

3,916,060 
4,901,054 
10,045,839 
1,589,696 
1,467,652 

2,004,068 
9,229,378 
7,113,953 
185,122 
2,037,658 
7,266,057 
8,109,061 

188,765 

647,012 

426 

1,860,359 

.  676,311 

2,459,457 

1,565,832 

3,383,061 

605,771 

3,436,340 
3,146,348 
2,572,968 
2,172,612 

2,277,116 
1,590,830 
6,914,069 
6,130,052 

9,514 

9,194 

9,268 

326,559 

85,999 

15,605 

7,267 

585 

26,033 
17,280 
51,935 


1899 


94,913,673 


198,377 
2,434,743 
21,590,260 
35,529,298 
12,024,742 
11,713,504 
11,181,133 
160,211 
81,406 


16,856 
25,694 
60,633 
39,131 
8,149 
47,914 

658,662 

295,258 

1,480,833 

3,826,013 
4,499,249 
10,266,335 
1,501,189 
1,497,474 

1,441,580 
9,804,076 
7,423,683 
62,373 
1,196,381 
7,336,187 
8,266,018 

192,025 

658,010 

462 

1,910,065 

724,646 
2,720,206 
1,772,057 
3,477,684 

569,567 

3,319,257 
3,374,574 
2,743,360 
2,276,313 

2,317,742 
1,343,756 
12,501,945 
5,017,690 

3,301 

4,582 

1,976 

85,256 

41,345 

11,654 

11,517 

680 

10,483 
16,992 
63,930 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  ct. 


3,468,992 

-16,312 

-276, 189 

319,931 

415,999 

-637,758 

-385,236 

3,730,934 

303,780 

13,843 


-1,643 

-5,880 

-17,746 

2,624 

1,530 

4,803 

-146,210 
-29,817 
-100,162 

90,037 

401,805 

-220,496 

88,407 

-39,822 

562,488 
-574,698 
-309,730 
122,749 
841,277 
-69,130 
-156,957 

-3,270 

-10,998 

-36 

-49,726 

-48,335 

-260,749 

-206,225 

-94,623 

36,204 

117,083 
-228,226 
-170,392 
-103,701 

-40,626 

247,074 

3,412,124 

112,362 

6,213 

4,612 

7,292 

241,303 

44,654 

3,951 

-4,250 

5 

15,550 

288 

-1,995 


3.7 

-8.2 

-11.3 

1.5 

1.2 

-5.3 

-3.3 

33.4* 

189.0 

17.0 


-9.7 

-22.9 

-29.3 

6.7 

18.8 

10.0 

-22.2 
-10.1 
-6.8 

2.4 
8.9 

-2.1 
6.9 

-2.7 

39.0 
-6.9 
-4.2 
196.8 

70.3 
-0.9 
-1.9 

-1.7 
-1.7 
-7.8 
-2.6 
-6.7 
-9.6 
-11.6 
-2.7 
6.4 

3.5 
-6.8 
-6.2 
-4.6 

-1.8 

18.4 

136.4 

2.2 

188.2 
100.7 
369.0 
283.0 
108.0 
33.9 
-36.9 
0.9 

148.3 

1.7 

-3.7 


PEODUCTION  (BUSHELS). 


2,562,189,630 


8,238,394 
69,610,602 
845,298,285 
996,358,997 
179,511,702 
210,164,917 
233,402,007 
7,326,043 
2,288,683 


648,882 

916,263 

1,715,133 

2,029,381 

398,193 

2,530,542 

18,116,034 
10,000,731 
41,494,237 

167,613,300 
195,496,433 
390,218,676 
52.906,842 
49,163,034 

67,897,061 

341,760,460 

191,427,067 

4,941,152 

65,558,737 
180,132,807 
164,651,703 

4,839,548 
17,911,436 
12,667 
38,295,141 
17,119,097 
34,063,531 
20,871,946 
39,374,569 

7,023,767 

83,348,024 
67,682,489 
30,695,737 
28,428,667 

37,609,544 
26,010,361 
94,283,407 
75,496,695 

274,103 
318,181 
176,354 
4,903,304 
1,164,970 
298,664 
169,688 
20,779 

563,025 

451,767 

1,273,901 


Increase. 


1899 


Amount.       Per  ct 


2,666,324,370   -114,134,740 


7,807,920 

82,873,430 

827,065,540 

1,114,154,560 

169,468,960 

215,124,577 

245,126,328 

2,647,733 

2,065,322 


645,040 
1,080,720 
2,322,450 
1,539,980 

288,220 
1,931,510 

20,024,850 
10,978,800 
51,869,780 

152,055,390 
178,967,070 
396,149,140 
44,584,130 
63,309,810 

47,256,920 

383,453,190 

206,844,870 

1,284,870 

32,402,540 
210,974,740 
229,937,430 

4,736,680 
19,766,510 
14,980 
36,748,410 
16,610,730 
34,818,860 
17,429,610 
34,032,230 

6,311,060 

73,974,220 
67,307,390 
35,053,047 
38,789,920 

44,144,098 

22,062,580 

168,949,300 

109,970,350 

75,838 
111,528 

38,000 
1,275,680 
677,305 
204,748 
250,020 

14,614 

218,706 

359,523 

1,477,093 


430,474 

-13,262,828 

18,232,745 

-117,795,563 

10,042,742 

-4,969,660 

-11,724,321 

4,678,310 

233,361 


3,842 

-164,457 

-607,317 

489,401 

109,973 

599,032 

-1,909,216 

-978,069 

-10,375,543 

6,457,910 
16,529,363 
-7,930,464 

8,322,712 
-4,146,776 

20,640,131 

-41,702,730 

-17,417,783 

3,656,282 

23,156,197 
-30,841,933 
-75,285,727 

102,968 
-1,855,074 

-2,313 
1,546,731 

506,367 
-755,329 
3,442,336 
5,342,339 
1,712,717 

9,373,804 

375,099 

-4,357,310 

-10,361,253 

-6,534,554 

3,947,781 

25,334,107 

-34,471,666 

198,265 

206,653 

138,354 

3,627,624 

487,665 

93,916 

-80,332 

6,165 

344,319 

92,234 

-203,192 


5.5 

-16.0 

2.2 

-10.6 

5.9 

-2.3 

-4.8 

176.7 

11.4 


0.6 

-15.? 

-26.2 

31.8 

38.2 

31.0 

-9.6 
-8.9 
-20.0 

3.0 
9.2 

-2.0 
18.7 

-7.8 

43.7 
-10.9 
-8.3 
284.6 
71.5 
-14.6 
-32.7 

2.2 

-9.4 

-15.4 

4.2 

3.1 

-2.2 

19.8 

15.7 

32.2 

12.7 

0.6 

-12.4 

-26.7 

-14.8 
17.9 
36.7 

-31.3 

261.4 
185.3 
364.1 
284.4 
72.0 
45.9 
-32.1 
42.2 

167.4 

26.7 

-13.8 


1909 


$1,438,563,919 


$828,192,388 


5,560,074 
45,434,191 
434,424,336 
503,264,949 
149,479,304 
150,975,613 
143,035,538 
4,587,706 
1,792,208 


434,834 

621,306 

1,102,222 

1,372,144 

335,629 

1,693,939 

11,439,169 
6,664,162 
27,330,860 

82,327,269 
98,437,988 
198,350,496 
29,580,929 
25,727,664 

30,510,145 
167,622,834 
107,347,033 
2,403,303 
26,395,985 
88,234,846 
80,750,803 

2,903,442 
11,015,298 
9,635 
28,885,944 
11,907,261 
31,286,102 
20,682,632 
37,079,981 

6,709,009 

50,449,112 
45,819,093 
28,677,032 
26,030,376 

27,910,044 
16,480,322 
48,060,554 
60,564,618 

185,367 
191,395 
101,465 
2,673,584 
984,052 
293,847 
134,396 
23,600 

404,367 

810,430 

1,077,411 


1899 


$610,361,531 


3,976,367 

35,612,050 

248,570,575 

286,872,473 

79,406,051 

93,440,189 

78,023,053 

1,330,780 

960,850 


328,824 
638,738 
1,180,505 
771,277 
164,138 
994,885 

9,181,782 

4,633,473 

21,896,795 

48,037,895 
51,752,946 
115,075,901 
17,798,011 
15,905,822 

11,337,105 
97,297,707 
61,246,305 
397,278 
7,263,127 
51,251,213 
58,079,738 

1,725,452 

7,462,594 

6,322 

16,233,756 

7,698,335 
17,304,407 

9,149,806 
17,155,868 

2,669,509 

29,423,996 
28,059,508 
17,082,751 
18,873,934 

17,672,170 

10,327,723 

116,698,289 

34,424,871 

41,626 
55,880 
19,569 
508,488 
419,936 
151,564 
121,872 
11,845 

104,263 
155,693 
700,894 


Increase. 


Amount.     Perct, 


1,583,707 

9,822,141 

185,853,761 

216,392,476 

70,073,253 

57,635,424 

65,012,485 

3,256,926 

831,358 


108,010 
82,568 
-78,283 
600,867 
171,491 
699,054 

2,257,387 
2,130,689 
5,434,065 

34,289,374 
46,685,042 
83,274,595 
11,782,918 
9,821,832 

19,173,040 
70,325,127 
46,100,728 
2,006,025 
19,132,858 
36,983,633 
22,671,065 

1,177,990 

3,552,704 

3,313 

12,652,188 

4,208,926 
13,981,695 
11,532,824 
19,924,113 

3,039,500 

21,025,116 
17,759,585 
11,694,281 
7,156,442 

10,337,874 
6,152,599 
32,382,265 
16,139,747 

143,741 

135,515 

81,896 

2,165,096 

564,116 

142,283 

12,524 

11,755 

300,104 
164,737 
376,517 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


380 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Wheat. — For  the  United  States  as  a  whole  the  area 
harvested  in  1909  was  44,263,000  acres,  as  compared 
with  52,589,000  acres  in  1899,  a  decrease  of  15.8  per 
cent.  On  the  other  hand,  the  production  in  1909  was 
683,000,000  bushels,  or  3.8  per  cent  greater  than  in 
1899,  when  it  was  659,000,000  bushels.  The  value  of 
the  crop  of  1909  was  $658,000,000,  an  advance  of 
$288,000,000,  or  77.8  per  cent,  over  the  value  in  1899, 
$370,000,000.  Wheat  in  1909  occupied  9.3  per  cent 
of  the  total  improved  farm  land,  and  its  value  repre- 
sented 12  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  crops.  Details 
in  regard  to  the  production  of  wheat  in  1909  and  1899 
are  given  in  Table  25,  while  a  summary  of  averages 
and  percentages,  derived  mainly  from  this  table,  is 
given  in  Table  24. 


Table  24 

acreage: 
1909 

AVERAGE 
YIELD  IN 
BUSHELS 

AVERAGE 
VALUE  PER 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

ACRE. 

DrnSION  OE  STATE. 

Per 
cent  of 
United 
States 
total. 

Per 
cent  of 

im- 
proved 
land. 

PER  ACRE. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

TTnited  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 
Mountain 

100.0 

(') 

3.6 
15.9 
58.4 
5.1 
3.0 
3.5 
2.9 
7.6 

9.3 
0.1 
5.5 
7.9 

15.7 
4.6 
3.0 
2.7 
8.1 

15.2 

15.4 

23.5 
18.6 
17.2 
14.8 
11.9 
11.7 
11.0 
23.1 
17.7 

12.5 

18.0 
14.9 
12.9 
12.2 
9.5 
9.0 
11.9 
19.2 
15.6 

$0.96 

1.07 
1.07 
1.01 
0.95 
1.08 
1.03 
1.01 
0.87 
0.88 

$0.56 

0.89 
0.08 
0.63 
0.52 
0.72 
0.65 
0.53 
0.48 
0.49 

$14.86 

25.04 
19.81 
17.32 
14.07 
12.82 
12.05 
11.10 
20.17 
15.56 

$7.03 
15.99 
10.16 
8.17 
3.35 
6.80 
5.80 
6.32 
9.24 

Pacific 

7.66 

North  Dakota 

Kansas 

18.5 
13.5 
7.4 
7.3 

40.0 
20.0 
16.7 
20.3 

14.3 
13.0 
17.4 
14.6 

13.5 
10.2 
14.5 
10.5 

0.93 
0.95 
0.98 
0.91 

0.53 
0.49 
0.53 
0.50 

13.33 
12.40 
17.09 
13.33 

7.13 
5.03 

7.71 

South  Dakota 

5.26 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Considerably  more  than  one-half  of  the  acreage  in 
wheat  in  1909  was  found  in  the  West  North  Central 
division.  The  East  North  Central  division,  which 
reported  the  next  largest  acreage,  contained  15.9  per 
cent  of  the  total,  and  the  Pacific,  which  is  third  in  rank, 
7.6  per  cent.  The  map  on  page  384  shows  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  wheat  acreage  among  the  states. 

Wheat  occupies  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole 
nearly  10  per  cent  of  the  improved  land  in  farms,  but 
in  the  West  North  Central  and  Pacific  divisions  the 
proportion  exceeds  15  per  cent.  The  proportion  is  in- 
significant in  the  New  England  division  and  is  smaller 
in  the  southern  than  in  the  other  northern  divisions. 

The  leading  state  in  wheat  production  is  North 
Dakota,  with  an  acreage  exceeding  8,000,000  and 
greater  than  that  of  any  geographic  division  except  the 
West  North  Central,  in  which  the  state  is  situated. 
Kansas,  with  nearly  6,000,000  acres  of  wheat,  and 
Minnesota  and  South  Dakota,  with  over  3,000,000, 
follow.  The  four  states  named  have  nearly  21,000,000 
acres  in  wheat,  or  over  two-fifths  of  the  wheat  acreage 
of  the  United  States. 

Between  1899  and  1909  there  was  a  gain  of  778,000 
acres,  or  3.1  per  cent,  in  the  West  North  Central 
division  and  a  gain  about  half  as  large  in  the  Mountain 
division.  In  all  other  divisions  the  acreage  decreased, 
the  greatest  absolute  loss  being  that  of  over  3,000,000 
acres  in  the  East  North  Central  division.  Of  the  48 
states  reporting  wheat,  37  show  a  loss  in  acreage. 


Among  the  four  leading  states  already  mentioned,. 
North  Dakota  and  Kansas  show  conspicuous  gains 
in  acreage,  but  South  Dakota  and  Minnesota  show 
decreases,  the  acreage  in  the  latter  having  fallen  off 
one-half. 

The  average  yield  of  wheat  in  1909  was  15.4  bushels 
per  acre.  Of  the  divisions  with  a  large  acreage,  the 
West  North  Central  had  a  slightly  lower  and  the  East 
North  Central  and  Pacific  a  slightly  higher  yield  per 
acre  than  the  average  for  the  United  States.  The  three 
southern  divisions  fell  considerably  below  that  average. 
As  compared  with  the  yield  of  12.5  bushels  per  acre  in 
1899,  that  of  1909  was  considerably  larger.  With  the 
exception  of  the  West  South  Central  division,  larger 
yields  were  reported  in  all  the  divisions  in  1909  than 
in  1899,  and  the  same  was  true  of  each  of  the  four 
leading  wheat  states  listed  in  the  table. 

In  the  country  as  a  whole  the  increased  yield  per  acre 
was  sufiicient  to  counterbalance  the  decrease  in  acreage* 
In  the  West  North  Central  and  Mountain  divisions, 
which  gained  in  acreage,  there  was  a  still  greater  gain 
in  production.  In  the  other  divisions,  except  the  West 
South  Central,  the  loss  in  production  was  not  so  great 
as  in  acreage.  In  the  states  of  North  Dakota  and 
Kansas,  the  percentage  of  increase  in  production  was 
greater  than  that  in  acreage.  In  South  Dakota  the 
increased  yield  per  acre  caused  an  increase  in  pro- 
duction, although  the  acreage  was  smaller,  and  in 
Minnesota  the  loss  in  production  was  less  pronounced 
than  that  in  acreage. 

The  average  value  of  wheat  per  bushel  in  1909  was 
$0.96,  but  three  divisions  only,  the  West  North  Central, 
Mountain,  and  Pacific,  reported  an  average  value  of 
less  than  $1.  This  represents  an  enormous  increase 
over  the  value  in  1899,  when  the  average  for  the  United 
States  was  $0.56  per  bushel.  The  average  value  of  the 
wheat  crop  per  acre  more  than  doubled  between  1899 
and  1909.  In  each  division,  except  the  New  England, 
East  South  Central,  and  West  South  Central  divisions^ 
the  increase  in  average  value  per  bushel  more  than 
offset  the  loss  in  production  and  the  total  crop  had 
a  greater  aggregate  value  in  1909  than  in  1899.  It 
may,  however,  be  noted  that  20  states  show  a  falling 
off  in  the  value  of  the  wheat  crop,  the  most  notable 
decreases  being  in  California,  Texas,  and  Iowa. 

In  1899  the  per  capita  production  of  wheat  was  8.7 
bushels  and  in  1909,  7.4  bushels.  This  falling  off  in 
production  per  capita  was  counterbalanced  largely  by 
a  decrease  in  the  amount  exported.  Wheat  imports 
are  insignificant  and  may  be  disregarded.  In  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1900,  there  was  exported  in  the  form 
of  wheat  and  flour  the  equivalent  of  186,097,000 
bushels,  or  28.3  per  cent  of  the  crop  of  1899.  Ten 
years  later  the  exports  were  only  87,364,000  bushels,  or 
12.8  per  cent  of  the  crop  of  1909.  For  home  consump- 
tion there  remained  of  the  crop  of  1899,  472,437,000 
bushels,  or  6.2  bushels  per  capita,  as  compared  vnih 
596,015,000  bushels,  or  6.5  bushels  per  capita,  retained 
of  the  crop  of  1909. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY   STATES. 


381 


WHEAT— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  25 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


1909 


1S99 


TTnlted  States 44. 262. 592 


•Geogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . . 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central . . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


;Nbw  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic; 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

.'East  Noeth  Ckntral: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota. 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

iSouTH  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Colombia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

^ast  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

iMountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacitic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


4,893 
598,325 
038,364 
,863,556 
241,345 
315,243 
556,087 
285,360 
359,419 


3,407 
70 
678 
109 
13 
616 

289,130 

83,637 

1,225,558 

1,827,932 

2,062,83.5 

2,185,091 

802,137 

140,369 

3,276,911 
526,777 
2,017,128 
6,188,782 
3,217,255 
2,662,918 
5,973,786 

111,215 
689,893 


692,907 

209,315 

501,912 

43,028 

93,065 

10 

631,323 

619,861 

13,665 

394 

60,428 

65 

1,169,420 

326,176 

258,377 
399,234 

41,968 
340,729 

32,341 

20,028 
178,423 

14,260 

2,118,015 
763, 187 
478,217 


52,588,574 


9,237 
2,204,350 
10,410,893 
25,085,308 
3,368,872 
2,987,483 
2,934,687 
942,858 
4,644,886 


e,6«7 

271 

1,796 

95 

15 

393 

567,736 

132,571 

1,614,043 

3,209,074 

1,826,143 

1,925,760 

556,614 

6,560,707 
1,689,705 
2,056,219 
4,451,251 
3,984,659 
2,538,949 
3,803,818 

118,740 
634,446 

17 
927,266 
447,928 
746,984 
174,245 
319, 161 

85 

1,431,027 

1.426,112 

123,897 

6,447 

379,453 

214 

•1,527,073 

1,027,947 

92,132 
266,305 

19,416 
294,949 

37,907 

24,377 
189,235 

18,537 

1,088,102 

873,379 

2,683,405 


Increase. 


Amount.      Per  ct 


-8,325,982 


-4,344 

-606,025 
-3,372,529 

778,248 
-1,127,527 
-1,672,240 
-1,378,600 

342,502 
-1,285,467 


-3,  am 

-201 

-1,118 

14 

-2 

223 

-268,606 
-48,934 
-288,485 

-1,381,142 

-810,458 

368,948 

-1,123,632 
-416,245 

-3,283,796 

-1,162,928 

-39,091 

3,737,531 

-767,404 

123,960 

2,166,967 

-7,525 

-44,553 

-17 

-234,359 

-238,613 

-245,072 

-131,217 

-226,096 

-75 

-749,704 

-806,251 

-110,232 

-6,063 

-319,027 

-149 

-357,653 

—701,771 

166,246 
132,929 
22,552 
45,780 
-5,566 
-4,349 
-10,812 
-4,277 

1,029,913 

-110, 192 

-2,205,188 


-15.8 

-47.0 
-27.5 
-32.4 
3.1 
-33.6 
-56.0 
-47.0 
36.3 
-27.7 


-48.9 
-74.2 
-62.2 

(«) 

(>) 

56.7 

-48.2 
-36.9 
-19.1 

-43.0 
-28.0 
19.7 
-68.3 
-74.8 

-50.1 

-68.8 

-1.9 

84.0 

-19.3 

4.9 

57.0 

-6.3 
-7.0 


-25.3 
-53.3 
-32.8 
-75.3 
-70.8 
(') 

-52.4 
-56.5 
-89.0 
-93.9 

-84.1 
-89.6 
-23.4 
-68.3 

180.4 
49.9 
116.2 
15.6 
-14.7 
-17.8 
-5.7 
-23.1 

94.7 
-12.6 
-82.2 


PRODUCTION  (bushels). 


1909 


683,379,259 


114,998 
29,717,833 
121,097,675 
384,092,121 
26,650,768 
15,374,422 
17,096,127 
29,654,968 
69,580,347 


85,119 
1,311 

14,087 
2,404 

aos 

11,800 

6,664,121 

1,480,233 

21,564,479 

30,663,704 
33,935,972 
87,830,732 
16,025,791 
2,041,476 

57,094,412 
8,055,944 
29,837,429 
116,781,886 
47,069,500 
47,686,746 
77,677,115 

1,643,672 
9,463,457 


8,076,989 

2,575,996 

3,827,145 

310,614 

762,868 

137 

8,739,260 

6,516,539 

113,953 

4,670 

626,414 

488 

14,008,334 

2,560,891 

6,261,946 
10,237,609 

738,098 
7,224,057 

499,799 

362,875 
3,943,910 

396,075 

40,920,390 
12,456,751 
6,203,206 


Increase. 


1899 


Amount. 


658,534,252 


166,126 
32,947,945 
134,698,890 
306,602,028 
31,902,857 
26,864,542 
35,046,935 
18,084,360 
72,230,570 


24,845,007 


116,720 

4,035 

34,650 

1,760 

310 

8,660 

10,412,676 

1,902,600 

20,632,680 

50,876,800 
34,966,280 
19,795,500 
20,535,140 
9.005,170 

95,278,660 
22,769,440 
23,072,768 
69,888,810 
41,889,380 
24,924,620 
38, 778, 450 

1,870,670 
9,671,800 

410 
8,907,610 
4,326,150 
4,342,351 
1,017,319 
1,765,947 

800 

14,264,500 

11,924,010 

628,776 

37,257 

2,449,970 

2,345 

•20,328,300 

12,266,320 

1,899,683 
5,340,180 

348,890 
5,587,770 

603,303 

440,252 
3,413,470 

450,812 

21,187,527 
14,508,636 
36,534,407 


-51, 127 
-3,230,112 
-13,601,215 
77,490,093 
-5,252,089 
-11,480,120 
-17,950,808 
11,570,608 
-12,650,223 


-81,601 

-2,724 

-20,563 

6S4 

-102 

3,209 

-3,748,664 

-413,357 

931,790 

-19,n3,096 
-1,050,308 
18,036,232 
-4,509,349 
-6,363,604 

-38,184,248 
-14,713,496 
6,764,661 
56,893,076 
5,170,210 
22,761,225 
38,798,666 


-208,343 

-410 

-830,521 

-1,750,164 

-515,206 

-706,705 

-1,013,089 

-663 

-5,626,240 

-6,407,471 

-514,822 

-32,687 

-1,923,556 

-1,857 

-6,319,966 

-9,705,429 

4,352,262 

4,897,429 

389,808 

1,636,287 

-103,504 

-77,377 

530,440 

-54,737 

19,732,863 
-2,051,885 
-30,331,201 


Per  ct. 


3.8 


-30.8 
-9.8 
-10.1 

25.3 
-16.6 
-42.7 
-51.2 

64.0 
-17.6 


-27.1 

-67.5 
-59.3 

37.4 
-32.9 

37.1 

-36.0 

-21.7 

4.8 

-30.1 
-3.0 
91.1 
-22.0 
-70.7 

-40.1 
-64.6 
29.3 
95.0 
12.3 
91.3 
100.0 

-12.1 
-2.2 


-9.3 
-40.6 
-11.9 
-69.6 
-57.4 
-82.9 

-38.7 
-45.3 
-81.9 
-87.6 

-78.6 
-79.2 
-31.1 
-79.1 

229.1 

91.7 

110.8 

29.3 

-17.2 

-17.6 

16.6 

-12.1 

93.1 
-14.1 
-83.0 


1909 


1657,656,801 


122,532 
31,665,041 
121,885,650 
363,923,162 
28,725,004 
15,851,025 
17,278,603 
25,930,395 
62,275,389 


91,664 
1,406 

14,279 

2,516 

211 

12,567 

7,176,523 

1,668,880 

22,920,638 

31,112,975 
33,693,141 
38,000,n2 
16,686,868 
2,601,954 

66,007,436 
7,703,205 
29,926,209 
109,129,869 
42,878,223 
44,225,930 
74,082,291 

1,607,639 
9,876,480 


8,776,061 

2,607,141 

4,420,322 

385,835 

871,494 

132 

8,812,460 

6,913,335 

120,873 

4,348 

632,712 

608 

13,854,322 

2,891,061 

6,329,389 
8,412,587 

644,261 
6,463,926 

608,726 

410,214 
3,765,017 

396,285 

35,102,370 
10,849,036 
6,323,983 


1899 


Increase. 


Amount.      Per  ct 


1369,945,320 


147,742 
22,393,223 
85,051,479 
159,281,250 
22,903,064 
17,339,440 
18,547,956 
8,715,518 
35,565,648 


107,396 

3,428 

29,078 

1,515 

246 

«,0S0 

7,332,697 
1,347,660 
13,712,976 

32,856,834 
22,228,916 
11,929,458 
12,921,925 
6,116,346 

60,601,948 
11,467,808 
13,520,012 
31,733,763 
20,957,917 
11,877,347 
19,132,456 

1,247,066 
6,484,088 

349 
6,161,000 
3,040,314 
3,463,726 
958,158 
1,547,773 

601 

8,923,760 

7,882,097 

602,240 

80,743 

1,383,916 

1,888 

•  10,110,675 

7,051,477 

1,077,210 
2,131,953 

191, 195 
2,809,370 

390,616 

276,639 
1,576,064 

263,471 

9,028,209 
6,368,395 
20,179,044 


$287,711,481 


-25,210 

9,271,818 

36,834,171 

204,641,912 

5,821,940 

-1,488,415 

-1,269,353 

17,214,877 

16,709,741 


-16,842 

-2,022 

-14,799 

1,000 

-34 

6,487 

—157,074 

221,230 

9,207,662 

-1,742,859 
11,364,225 
26,071,254 
3,664,943 

-2,533.392 

5,405,487 
-3,754,603 
16,406,197 
77,396,106 
21,920,306 
32,348,583 
64,019,836 

450,484 

3,392,392 

-349 

2,615,061 

-343, 173 

956,596 

-572,323 

-676,279 

-469 

-111,291 
-969,362 
-381,367 
-26,395 

-851,204 

-1,380 

3, 743, 647 

-4, 160, 416 

4,252,179 
6,280,634 

453,056 
3, 654, 556 

118,110 

133,575 
2,189,953 

132,814 

26,074,161 

4,490,641 

-13,855,061 


I  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  Is  less  than  100. 


» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


382 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Oats. — The  acreage  of  oats  harvested  in  the  United 
States  increased  from  29,540,000  in  1899  to  35,159,000 
in  1909,  or  19  per  cent,  while  the  production  increased 
6.8  per  cent,  from  943,000,000  bushels  in  1899  to 
1,007,000,000  bushels  in  1909.  The  value  of  the  crop, 
however,  which  was  $217,000,000  in  1899,  was 
$415,000,000  in  1909,  or  91  per  cent  greater.  The 
acreage  of  oats  in  1909  was  7.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
improved  farm  acreage,  and  their  value  7.6  per  cent 
of  the  total  for  all  crops.  Detailed  figures  concerning 
the  production  of  oats  in  1909  and  1899  are  given  in 
Table  27,  and  a  summary  of  the  averages  and  percent- 
ages for  the  geographic  divisions  and  leading  states, 
derived  mainly  from  this  table,  is  presented  in  Table  26. 
The  map  on  page  385  shows  how  the  acreage  of  oats  is 
distributed  among  the  states. 


Table  26 

acbeaqe: 
1909 

AVERAGE 

YIELD  IN 

BUSHELS  FEB 

AVERAGE 
VALUE  PER 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PER 

ACRE 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Per   1    Per 

ACKE. 

United 
States 
total. 

im- 
proved 
land. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

rnl ted  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 
Mountain 

100.0 
0.6 
7.2 
31.9 
44.7 
3.9 
2.5 
3.6 
3.3 
2.3 

7.3 

3.1 
8.6 
12.6 
9.6 
2.8 
2.0 
2.2 
7.3 
3.6 

28.6 

32.9 
25.5 
33.3 
27.5 
15.5 
13.4 
21.4 
34.9 
35.3 

31.9 
35.9 
30.9 
37.4 
32.0 
11.7 
11.1 
25.8 
30.4 
31.4 

10.41 
0.55 
0.51 
0.40 
0.38 
0.63 
0.56 
0.47 
0.48 
0.48 

90.23 

0.35 
0.31 
0.22 
0.21 
0.39 
0.35 
0.23 
0.38 
0.33 

111.79 

18.04 
13.15 
13.27 
10.35 
9.78 
7.51 
10.00 
16.90 
16.91 

97.35 
12.72 
9.50 
8.12 
6.60 
4.63 
3.88 
5.83 
11.41 

10.23 

Iowa 

13.2 
11.9 
8.5 
6.7 
6.2 
6.1 

15.8 
14.9 
15.2 
9.7 
18.2 
10.5 

27.5 
36.0 
31.5 
22.6 
33.0 
30.7 

35.9 
39.5 
33.6 
30.1 
35.5 
28.3 

0.38 
0.40 
0.36 
0.36 
0.40 
0.37 

0.20 
0.21 
0.21 
0.20 
0.21 
0.26 

10.54 
14.29 
11.43 
8.22 
13.24 
11.23 

7  08 

Illinois 

8.09 

Minnesota 

7.19 

Nebraska 

5.89 

7  58 

North  Dakota 

7.50 

Of  the  total  acreage  of  oats,  44.7  per  cent  was  re- 
ported from  the  West  North  Central  division  and  31.9 
per  cent  from  the  East  North  Central.  In  the  latter, 
oats  occupy  about  one-eighth,  in  the  former  somewhat 
less  than  one-tenth,  of  the  improved  land  in  farms. 
They  are  also  a  crop  of  some  importance  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division,  in  which  they  occupy  about  one- 
twelfth  of  the  improved  land  in  farms. 

The  leading  state  in  the  acreage  of  oats  in  1909  was 
Iowa,  with  4,655,000  acres,  closely  followed  by  Illinois, 
with  4,176,000.  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Wisconsin,  and 
North  Dakota,  ranking  in  the  order  named,  also  had 
each  more  than  2,000,000  acres  in  oats.  These  six 
leading  states  had  together  over  18,000,000  acres  of  oats 
in  1909,  or  more  than  one-half  of  the  acreage  for  the 
whole  country. 

Comparing  1909  with  1899,  the  Middle  Atlantic  and 
West  South  Central  divisions  show  an  aggregate  loss 
of  257,000  acres,  but  an  aggregate  gain  of  5,876,000 
acres  was  reported  for  the  remaining  divisions,  or  a 
net  gain  of  5,620,000,  or  19  per  cent,  for  the  whole 
country.  The  greatest  absolute  gain — over  3,600,000 
acres — was  in  the  West  North  Central  division,  but 
larger  relative  increases  occurred  in  the  Mountain  and 
Pacific  divisions.  Among  the  states.  North  Dakota 
shows  an  increase  of  over  1,300,000  acres.    A  gain  of 


more  than  500,000  acres  each  is  also  reported  for  South 
Dakota,  Minnesota,  Ohio,  and  Indiana.  Of  the  six  states 
named  above  as  leading  in  the  acreage  of  oats,  three — 
Iowa,  Illinois,  and  Wisconsin — show  decreases  for  the 
decade,  while  increases  took  place  in  the  remainder. 

The  average  yield  in  1909  of  28.6  bushels  per  acre 
for  the  country  as  a  whole  was  exceeded  in  the  East 
North  Central  division,  but  was  not  attained  by  the 
West  North  Central  division,  nor  by  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division.  Of  the  divisions  where  the  acreage 
of  oats  is  less  important,  the  New  England,  Mountain, 
and  Pacific  divisions  exceeded  this  average,  while  the 
remainder  fell  below  it.  For  the  United  States  as  a 
whole  the  average  yield  per  acre  in  1909  was  somewhat 
below  that  of  1899.  This  was  true  also  of  the  three 
divisions  with  the  largest  acreage  and  of  the  New 
England  and  West  South  Central  divisions,  but  in  the 
other  divisions  the  average  yield  in  1909  was  greater 
than  in  1899. 

There  was  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole  a  some- 
what larger  crop  of  oats  in  1909  than  in  1899.  Two 
divisions  which  lost  in  acreage  had  also  a  smaller  pro- 
duction, while  two  others  showed  a  diminished  produc- 
tion in  combination  with  an  increase  in  acreage. 
Among  the  remaining  divisions,  the  rate  of  increase 
in  production  was  considerably  less  than  that  in  acre- 
age in  the  West  North  Central  division,  which  produced 
over  two-fifths  of  the  entire  crop,  but  in  the  divisions 
with  a  smaller  production  the  crop  increased  more 
rapidly  than  the  acreage.  Among  the  several  states,  the 
largest  gain  in  the  production  of  oats  was  in  North 
Dakota,  where  the  crop  of  1909  was  nearly  three 
times  as  great  as  that  of  1899.  A  considerable  gain 
was  also  made  in  Minnesota,  but  in  the  other  states 
which  have  been  noted  as  leading  in  acreage  there  was 
a  diminished  production,  especially  in  Iowa,  the  first 
on  the  list  as  measured  by  acreage. 

The  average  value  per  bushel  of  the  oat  crop  was 
$0.41  in  1909,  as  compared  with  $0.23  in  1899,  an  ad- 
vance of  78.3  per  cent.  As  is  frequently  the  case,  the 
average  values  are  somewhat  higher  in  the  divisions 
with  relatively  small  production  than  in  those  with 
large  production.  All  divisions,  however,  show  a 
marked  advance  for  1909  as  compared  with  1899.  By 
reason  of  the  smaller  yield  per  acre  the  value  of  the 
crop  per  acre  did  not  increase  in  the  same  proportion 
as  the  average  value  per  bushel.  As  a  result  of  the 
increased  acreage  in  the  country  as  a  whole,  however, 
there  was  an  increase  in  the  aggregate  value  of  the 
crop,  amounting  to  91  per  cent.  This  increase  is  shared 
by  all  divisions,  though,  as  already  noted,  some  show  a 
decrease  in  acreage  and  some  a  decrease  in  production. 
The  effect  of  the  change  in  value  is  particularly 
noticeable  in  the  case  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  which  leads 
in  the  acreage  of  oats.  In  the  10  years  the  acreage 
in  that  state  remained  practically  stationary,  the  pro- 
duction fell  off  nearly  one-fourth,  but  the  value  of  the 
crop  increased  nearly  one-half. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 

OATS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


383 


Table  27 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


TTnlted  States 

Oeoghaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  Enqland: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

MLonesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico , 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacitic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California , 


1909 


35,159,441 


223,221 
518,886 
225,445 
,710,495 
368,832 
870,762 
276,534 
164,204 
801,062 


120,991 
10,860 
71,510 
7,927 
1,726 
10,207 

,302,506 

72,130 

,144,248 

787,496 
667,818 
176,485 
429,076 
164,670 

977,258 
655,164 
073,325 
147,032 
558,643 
365,774 
933,309 

4,226 

49,210 

13 

204,465 

103,758 

228,120 

324, 180 

411,664 

43,206 

174,315 
342,086 
257,276 
97,065 

197,449 
29,711 
609,373 
440,001 

333,195 

302,783 

124,035 

275,948 

33,707 

5,867 

80,816 

7,853 

269,742 
339,162 
192,158 


1899 


29, 539, 698 


212,737 

2,579,559 

10,087,121 

12,109,758 

1,268,061 

855,842 

1,472,449 

412,190 

541,981 


106,661 
12,589 
73,372 
6,702 
1,530 
9,883 

1,329,753 

76,959 

1,173,847 

1,116,149 
1,017,385 
4,570,034 
1,019,438 
2,365,115 

2,201,325 
4,695,391 
916,178 
780,517 
691,167 
1,924,827 
900,353 

5,247 

44,625 

42 

275,394 

99,433 

270,876 

222,544 

318,433 

31,467 

316,590 
235,313 
216,873 
87,066 

280,115 

28,033 

•317,076 

847,225 

133,938 
64,739 
26,892 
120,952 
15,848 
1,641 
43,394 
4,786 

126,841 
261,406 
153,734 


Increase. 


Amount.  !  Per  ct. 


5,619,743 


10,484 

-60,673 

1,138,324 

3,600,737 

100,771 

14,920 

-195,915 

752,014 

259,061 


12,330 

-1,729 

-1,862 

1,225 

196 

324 

-27,245 
-3,829 
-29,699 

672,347 
650,433 

-393,649 
409,638 

-200,545 

775,933 
-40,237 
157,147 
1,366,515 
867,476 
440,947 
32,956 

-1,021 

4,585 

-29 

-70,939 

4,325 

-42,756 

101,636 

93,231 

11,739 

-142,276 
106,773 
40,403 
10,019 

-82,666 

1,678 

292,297 

-407,224 

199,257 
238,044 
97,143 
154,996 
17,859 
4,226 
37,422 
3,067 

142,901 
77,756 
38,424 


5.0 

-2.4 

11.3 

29.7 

7.9 

1.7 

-13.3 

182.4 

47.8 


11.3 
-13.7 
-2.5 
18.3 
12.8 
3.3 

-2.0 
-5.0 
-2.5 

60.3 
63.9 

-8.6 
40.2 

-8.6 

36.2 
-0.9 

17.2 
176.1 
125.6 

22.9 
3.7 

-19.6 
10.3 
(>) 

-25.8 
4.3 

-15.8 
45.7 
29.3 
37.3 

-44.9 
45.4 
18.6 
11.6 

-29.5 

6.0 

92.2 

-48.1 

148.8  I 
367.7  ! 
361.2  '] 
128.1 
112.7 
257.6 
86.2 
64.1 

112.7 
29.7 
25.0 


PRODUCTION  (bushels). 


1909 


1899 


1,007,142,980     943,389,375 


7,350,601 

7,643, 

64,344,715 

79,630, 

373,803,573 

377,300, 

432,660,477 

386,978, 

21,206,000 

14,874, 

11,646,687 

9,480, 

27,273,695 

37,927, 

40,604,255 

12,519, 

28,252,977 

17,034, 

4,232,309 

3,799, 

386,419 

497, 

2,141,357 

2,742, 

268,500 

240, 

48,212 

47, 

273,804 

316, 

34,795,277 

40,785, 

1,376,752 

1,601, 

28,172,686 

37,242, 

57,591,046 

42,050, 

50,607,913 

34,565, 

150,386,074 

180,305, 

43,869,502 

36,338, 

71,349,038 

84,040, 

93,897,717 

74,054, 

128,196,055 

168,364, 

24,828,501 

20,545, 

66,886,702 

22,125, 

43,565,676 

19,412, 

53,360,185 

58,007, 

22,923,641 

24,469, 

96,239 

131, 

1,160,663 

1,109, 

375 

2,884,495 

3,269, 

1,728,806 

1,833, 

2,782,508 

2,454, 

5,745,291 

2,661, 

6,199,243 

3U16, 

606,380 

297, 

2,406,064 

4,009, 

4,720,692 

2,725, 

3,251,146 

1,882, 

1,268,785 

862, 

3,212,891 

3,909, 

420,033 

316, 

16,606,154 

»9,511, 

7,034,617 

24,190, 

13,805,735 

4,746, 

11,328,106 

1,956, 

3,361,425 

763, 

2,642,855 

3,080, 

720,560 

342, 

189,312 

43, 

3,221,269 

1,436, 

334,973 

151, 

13,228,003 

5,336, 

10,881,286 

6,725, 

4,143,688 

4,972, 

Increase. 


Amoxmt.       Per  ct 


63,763,605 


-292,574 

-15,285,605 

-3,496,982 

45,681,866 

6,331,112 

2,166,662 

-10,653,783 

28,084,602 

11,218,307 


432,874 

-110,691 

-600,783 

27,610 

1,092 

-42,676 

-5,990,623 

-224,858 

-9,070,124 

15,540,136 
16,042,843 

-29,919,556 
7,531,357 

-12,691,762 

19,843,567 
-40,166,116 
4,283,151 
43,761,371 
24,153,186 
-4,646,955 
-1,546,339 

-33,721 

51,103 

-245 

-384,936 

-105,034 

327,740 

3,083,621 

3,083,633 

308,950 

-1,603,766 

1,995,362 

1,369,086 

405,980 

-696,109 

103,963 

7,094,414 

-17,156,051 

9,059,504 

9,371,608 

2,598,055 

4,562,725 

377, 783 

146,066 

1,785,064 

183,797 

7,891,517 
4,155,458 
-828,668 


6.8 


-3.8 

-19.2 

-0.9 

11.8 

42.6 

•22.9 

-28.1 

224.3 

65.9 


11.4 
-22.3 
-21.9 

11.4 

2.3 

-13.5 

-14.7 
-14.0 
-24.4 

37.0 
46.4 

-16.6 
20.7 

-15.1 

26.8 
-23.9 

20.8 
197.8 
124.4 
-8.0 
-6.3 

-25.6 

4.6 

-39.5 

-11.8 

-6.7 

13.4 

115.9 

99.0 

103.9 

-40.0 
73.2 
72.7 
47.1 

-17.8 
32.9 
74.6 

-70.9 

190.9 
479.0 
340.4 
148.1 
110.2 
337.7 
124.3 
121.6 

147.9 

61.8 

-16.7 


1909 


$414,697,422 


4,027,338 

33,111,736 

149,004,329 

162,647,073 

13,388,578 

6,635,286 

12,764,241 

19,673,773 

13,545,068 


2,293,947 
216,938 

1,169,223 
157,381 
28,661 
161,188 

17,977,155 

712,609 

14,421,972 

23,212,352 
18,928,706 
59,693,819 
18,506,195 
28,663,257 

34,023,389 
49,046,888 
10,253,990 
24,114,345 
16,044,785 
19,443,570 
9,720,106 

51,022 

584,395 

165 

1,609,973 

912,388 

1,741,561 

3,809,345 

4,236,625 

443,104 

1,216,187 

2,378,464 

2,117,703 

822,932 

1,641,752 

250,588 

7,172,267 

3,699,634 

6,148,021 

5,067,051 

1,828,711 

4,177,267 

459,306 

130,384 

1,671,065 

191,968 

6,870,857 
6,037,164 
2,637,047 


1899 


$217,098,584 


2,705,249 
24,515,326 
81,881,022 
79,970,336 
5,869,687 
3,317,185 
8,590,119 
4,704,766 
5,544,894 


1,374,573 
184,025 
941,711 
84,850 
16,631 
103,459 

12,929,092 

.492,341 

11,093,893 

10,236,251 
7,458,682 

36,990,019 
9,264,385 

17,931,685 

15,829,804 
33,254,987 
4,669,185 
5,852,615 
4,114,456 
11,333,393 
4,915,896 

43,337 

340,475 

206 

1,103,616 

637, 176 

991,516 
1,226,575 
1,383,758 

143,028 

1,247,928 
887,940 
797,684 
383,633 

1,263,101 

117,312 

21,968,915 

6,240,791 

1,790,938 
702,955 
292,630 
1,121,745 
154,347 
21,144 
553,847 
67,160 

1,765,547 
2,078,950 
1,700,397 


Increase. 


Amoimt. 


$197,598,838 


1,322,089 
8,596,410 
67,123,307 
82,676,737 
7,518,891 
3,218,101 
4, 174, 122 
14,969,007 
8,000,174 


919,374 
32,913 

227,512 
72,531 
12,030 
67,729 

5,048,063 

220,268 

3,328,079 

12,976,101 
11,470,024 
22,703,800 
9,241,810 
10,731,672 

18,193,585 
15,791,901 
5,584,805 
18,261,730 
11,930,329 
8,110,177 
4,804,210 

7,685 

243,920 

-41 

506,357 

275,212 

750,045 

2,582,770 

2,852,867 

300,076 

-31,741 

1,490,524 

1,320,019 

439,299 

378,651 

133,276 

5,203,352 

-1,541,157 

4,357,083 

4,364,096 

1,536,081 

3,055,522 

304,959 

109,240 

1,117,218 

124,808 

4,105,310 

2,958,214 

936,650 


1  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  Is  less  than  100. 


*  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


384 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


CORN. 

ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


— — -T— .— J      MINN. 

8.0AK.         •• 
•••• L      


400,000  acres. 
300,000  to  400,000  acres. 
200,000  to  300,000  acres. 
100,000  to  200,000  acres. 
Less  than  100,000  acres. 


The  heavy  lines  (^)  show  geographic  divisions. 


•  •  •  •  ^#-:  •  M^Sa 

KANS. .  *  A  I        MO.        !••*; 


KANS.9*!         MO. 
•  •  ••  •     !••••« 


i ••••• 

I  OKLA. 

!••••••;        ARK 

••••• 

•   TEXAS 9 


WHEAT. 


ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


400,000  acres. 
300,000  to  400,000  acres. 
200,000  to  300,000  acres. 
100,000  to  200,000  acres. 
Less  than  100,000  acres. 


The  heavy  lines  (— •)  show  geographic  divisions. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


385 


OATS. 


ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


HAT  AND  FORAGE. 

ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


72497 


386 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Minor  cereals. — The  minor  cereals  occupy  only  7.1 
per  cent  of  the  entire  acreage  devoted  to  cereals  in  the 
United  States.  Statistics  are  given  for  each  in  Tables 
28^0  33. 

Barley. — Of  the  minor  cereals,  barley  (Table  28), 
which  occupies  4  per  cent  of  the  entire  cereal  acreage 
of  the  United  States,  is  by  far  the  most  important.  Of 
the  aggregate  barley  acreage  of  7,698,706,  considerably 
more  than  one-half  was  found  in  the  West  North  Central 
division.  Other  divisions  where  this  is  an  important 
crop  are  the  Pacific  and  the  East  North  Central,  the 
three  divisions  named  containing  together  94.1  per 
cent  of  the  total  acreage  in  1909.  Four  states,  Min- 
nesota, North  Dakota,  California,  and  South  Dakota, 
ranking  in  the  order  named,  have  an  acreage  in  excess 
of  1,000,000  each,  and  together  contain  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  total  for  the  whole  country.  Large  acre- 
ages are  also  reported  for  Wisconsin  and  Iowa. 

The  acreage  in  bartey  was  larger  in  1909  than  in  1899 
by  3,228,510  acres,  or  72.2  per  cent.  Almost  three- 
fourths  of  this  increase  was  reported  from  the  West 
North  Central  division,  where  the  acreage  more  than 
doubled  during  the  period.  The  percentage  of  increase 
in  the  Mountain  division  was  greater  than  in  any  other. 
Only  in  divisions  of  small  acreage  was  there  a  decrease. 
In  the  three  divisions  which  led  in  acreage  there  was 
an  increase  in  the  acreage  of  every  state  except  Ohio 
and  Iowa. 

The  crop  of  1909, 173,000,000  bushels,  exceeded  that 
of  1899,  120,000,000  bushels,  by  44.9  per  cent,  the 
average  yield  per  acre  being  22,5  bushels  in  1909  and 
26.8  bushels  in  1899.  The  increase  in  production  in 
1909  over  1899  for  the  country  as  a  whole  was  there- 
fore somewhat  less  relatively  than  the  increase  in 
acreage.  The  same  statement  is  true  for  each  of  the 
divisions  which  are  prominent  in  the  production  of  bar- 
ley, but  in  some  of  the  less  important  divisions  the 
increase  in  production  was  greater  than  that  in  acre- 
age. Divisions  with  a  decreased  acreage  had  also  a 
decreased  production.  In  the  three  divisions  which 
led  in  production  all  the  states,  with  the  exception  of 
Ohio,  Iowa,  Indiana,  and  Nebraska,  show  increases  in 
production. 

The  value  of  the  crop  m  1909,  $92,459,000  (equal  to 
1.7  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops)  was  more 
than  twice  as  great  as  in  1899,  the  average  value  per 
bushel  increasing  from  35  to  53  cents,  or  51.4  per 
cent,  and  the  average  value  per  acre  from  $9.31  to 
$12.01,  or  29  per  cent.  In  the  New  England,  Middle 
Atlantic,  and  West  South  Central  divisions  there  was 
a  decrease  in  total  value,  but  it  was  considerably  less 
relatively  than  that  in  either  acreage  or  production. 

Rye. — Judged  by  acreage,  rye  (Table  29)  is  somewhat 
less  than  one-third  as  important  as  barley.  Of  the 
2,195,561  acres  in  rye  in  the  United  States  in  1909 


about  three-fourths  were  located  east  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  The  leading  division  in  acreage  is  the  East 
North  Central,  the  Middle  Atlantic  ranking  next.  There 
is,  however,  almost  no  difference  in  the  acreage  of  the 
West  North  Central  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  divisions. 
The  leading  states  in  the  acreage  of  rye  are  Michigan, 
Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  and  Minnesota,  in  the  order 
named.  Together  these  four  states  reported  in  1909 
nearly  1,300,000  acres,  or  more  than  one-half  of  the 
area  devoted  to  rye  in  the  United  States. 

The  increase  in  the  acreage  of  rye  in  1909  as  com- 
pared with  1899  amounted  to  6.9  per  cent.  Five  divi- 
sions, including  two  with  a  considerable  acreage  of 
this  crop — the  Middle  Atlantic  and  the  West  North 
Central — show  decreases,  whUe  increases  occurred  in 
four  divisions.  The  gain  was  conspicuous  in  the  prin- 
cipal rye  producing  section,  the  East  North  Central, 
where  it  amounted  to  43.2  per  cent.  A  much  larger 
percentage  of  increase  is  shown  for  the  Mountain  divi- 
sion, but  the  absolute  gain  in  acreage  was  less  than 
one-tenth  as  large.  Of  the  four  leading  states,  Michigan 
and  Minnesota  more  than  doubled  their  rye  acreage, 
but  Wisconsin  and  Pennsylvania  both  show  a  decrease. 

The  production  in  1909,  29,520,000  bushels,  was  15.6 
per  cent  greater  than  in  1899,  indicating,  in  connection 
with  the  increase  of  only  6.9  per  cent  in  acreage,  a 
greater  yield  per  aqre  for  the  crop  as  a  whole  (13.4 
bushels  in  1909  and  12 .4  in  1899) .  The  divisions  which 
lost  in  acreage  had  also,  with  the  exception  of  the  West 
North  Central  division,  a  smaller  production. 

The  value  of  the  rye  crop  in  1909,  $20,422,000,  rep- 
resented 0.4  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops.  It 
was  nearly  two- thirds  greater  than  in  1 899 .  While  five 
divisions  had  a  diminished  acreage  and  four  a  decreased 
production,  there  were  only  two  in  which  the  value  of 
the  crop  was  smaller  in  1909  than  in  1899.  The  aver- 
age value  per  bushel  increased  from  48  to  69  cents, 
and  the  average  value  per  acre  from  $5.98  to  $9.30. 

Buckwheat. — Buckwheat  (Table  30)  has  a  much 
smaller  area  of  cultivation  than  the  cereals  thus  far 
considered.  There  were  878,000  acres  harvested  in 
the  United  States  in  1909,  of  which  the  region  east  of 
the  Mississippi  contained  96.9  per  cent.  The  Middle 
Atlantic  states  had  about  two-thirds  of  the  total  acre- 
age reported  for  buckwheat,  this  being  almost  equally 
divided  between  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The 
increase  in  the  area  harvested  in  1909  as  compared 
with  1899  was  over  70,000  acres,  more  than  one-half 
of  which  was  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division.  The 
New  England  and  West  North  Central  divisions  lost 
in  acreage  but  all  others  gained,  the  most  significant 
increase  being  that  in  the  South  Atlantic  division, 
amounting  to  29,322  acres,  or  52.8  per  cent.  Pennsyl- 
vania shows  an  increase  of  17.2  per  cent  in  the  acreage 
of  buckwheat  and  New  York  a  decrease  of  1.2  per  cent. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


887 


The  production  of  1909  amounted  to  14,849,000 
bushels,  which  was  32.2  per  cent  more  than  that  of  1899. 
The  increase  in  production  was  relatively  greater 
than  that  in  acreage,  and  New  England  was  the  only 
division  reporting  a  smaller  production  in  1909  than 
in  1899.  Measured  by  production,  New  York  appears 
as  the  leading  state,  showing  a  gain  of  49.2  per  cent 
in  this  respect,  despite  a  slight  loss  in  acreage. 

The  crop  of  1909,  valued  at  $9,331,000,  was  nearly 
two- thirds  greater  in  value  than  that  of  1899.  In 
1909  the  average  yield  per  acre  was  16.9  bushels;  the 
average  value  per  bushel,  63  cents;  and  the  average 
value  per  acre,  $10.63. 

Emmer  and  speJi. — Emmer  and  spelt  (Table  31)  are 
old  grains  known  to  the  ancient  world  and  still  in  use 
as  a  food  crop  in  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia.  Nearly 
all  the  "emmer  and  spelt"  reported  is  emmer,  spelt 
being  cultivated  in  only  a  few  scattered  localities. 
These  grains  are,  botanically,  species  of  wheat,  but 
commercially  they  are  more  closely  related  to  the  other 
cereals,  since  they  are  used  as  food  for  stock.  More- 
over, the  price  per  bushel  of  emmer  and  spelt  cor- 
responds much  more  nearly  to  that  of  com  or  oats 
than  to  that  of  wheat.  No  regular  statistics  of  these 
crops  were  gathered  in  1900. 

Emmer  and  spelt  are  considered  good  crops  for 
dry  farming,  and  like  kafir  com  have  been  introduced 
principally  in  the  districts  of  comparatively  light 
rainfall,  though  on  account  of  the  heavy  yield  and 
the  value  of  the  grains  as  feed  for  stock,  they  are 
sown  in  parts  of  the  grain  region  in  which  com  is  not 
an  established  crop. 

The  area  of  emmer  and  spelt  harvested  in  1909 
was  573,622  acres,  the  production  12,703,000  bushels, 
and  the  value  $5,584,000.  The  average  production 
per  acre  was  thus  22.1  bushels;  the  average  value  per 
bushel,  44  cents;  and  the  average  value  per  acre,  $9.73. 

Of  the  total  acreage,  the  West  North  Central  divi- 
sion reported  522,487  acres,  or  91.1  per  cent;  the 
Mountain,  18,644;  the  East  North  Central,  14,941;  and 
the  West  South  Central,  13,295.  Of  the  total  produc- 
tion in  1909,  11,673,000  bushels,  or  91.9  per  cent, 
were  reported  from  the  West  North  Central  division; 
407,000  bushels  from  the  Mountain  division;  and 
372,000  bushels  from  the  East  North  Central  divisioil. 

The  state  having  the  largest  acreage  in  1909  was 
South  Dakota,  with  259,611  acres,  or  45.3  per  cent  of 
the  total  area  harvested,  while  North  Dakota  came 
next  with  101,144  acres,  or  17.6  per  cent  of  the  total — 
the  combined  acreage  for  the  two  Dakotas  representing 
over  three-fifths  of  the  total  area  in  this  crop.  The 
states  ranking  next  in  acreage  were  Nebraska,  Kansas, 
Minnesota,  and  Colorado. 

Kafir  com  and  milo  maize. — Statistics  for  kafir  corn 
and  milo  maize  (Table  32)  were  first  obtained  by  the 


Census  Bureau  in  1900.  The  acreage  in  1899  was 
about  one-third  as  great  as  that  of  buckwheat,  but 
in  1909  it  was  almost  twice  as  large.  Kafir  corn 
and  milo  maize  are  cereals  belonging  to  the  millet 
family.  They  are  grown  extensively  in  Africa  and 
somewhat  in  Asia,  the  grain  being  used  for  food.  In 
this  country  they  have  made  great  headway  as  dry- 
farming  crops  and  are  being  introduced  more  gen- 
eraUy  in  sections  of  light  rainfall.  The  grains  are  here 
used  primarily  for  feeding  live  stock,  although  to  a 
limited  extent  they  are  ground  for  flour.  Aside  from 
the  use  made  of  the  grain,  the  stalks,  if  cut  before 
they  are  entirely  ripe,  make  a  valuable  fodder. 

Of  the  1,635,153  acres  in  kafir  corn  and  milo  maize 
in  1909,  over  1,000,000  acres  were  in  the  two  states  of 
Texas  and  Oklahoma  and  nearly  400,000  acres  in 
Kansas.  The  only  other  considerable  acreages  were  in 
New  Mexico  and  California. 

The  acreage  harvested  was  more  than  six  times  as 
great  in  1909  as  in  1899.  In  1899  over  one-half  the 
crop  was  harvested  in  the  state  of  Kansas,  but  the 
recent  extension  of  the  cultivation  of  these  cereals  in 
Texas  and  Oklahoma  has  placed  those  states  at  the 
head  of  the  list. 

The  production  increased  from  5,169,000  bushels 
in  1899  to  17,597,000  bushels  in  1909.  The  rate  of 
increase  was  only  half  as  rapid  as  that  in  acreage,  the 
yield  per  acre,  which  was  19.4  bushels  in  1899,  being 
only  10.8  bushels  in  1909.  The  decrease  in  yield  per 
acre  is  due  mainly  to  the  fact  that  the  crops  are  becom- 
ing popular  in  regions  of  comparatively  light  rainfall 
where  the  yield  is  normally  small.  In  1909  the  aver- 
age value  per  bushel  was  61  cents  and  the  average 
value  per  acre  $6.62. 

Rice. — The  area  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  rice 
(Table  33)  in  1909  was  610,175  Acres,  located  almost 
exclusively  in  the  West  South  Central  division.  Lou- 
isiana, with  317,518  acres,  and  Texas,  with  237,586 
acres,  far  exceed  any  other  state  or  any  other  division 
in  acreage.  A  small  acreage  only  is  reported  for  the 
East  South  Central  division,  and  27,080  acres  for  the 
South  Atlantic  division. 

During  the  decade  the  area  devoted  to  rice  cultiva- 
tion increased  267,961  acres,  or  78.3  per  cent.  There 
was  a  great  loss  in  acreage  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division,  but  this  was  much  more  than  counter- 
balanced by  the  great  gain  in  the  West  South  Central 
division,  the  principal  rice  producing  area. 

The  production  of  rough  rice  in  1909  was  21,839,000 
bushels,  and  the  value  $16,020,000.  The  increase  in 
both  production  and  value  between  1899  and  1909 
was  more  rapid  than  that  in  acreage,  and  shows  about 
the  same  distribution  as  respects  the  two  producing 
areas,  the  South  Atlantic  and  the  West  South  Central 
divisions. 


388 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


BARLEY— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  28 

DIVISIOK  OR  STATE. 


United  States. 


Geoqbaphic  divisions: 

New  Bngland 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

E«st  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Cknteal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

IlUnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

SotTTH  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky ' . . . 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Centeal: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1909 


7,698,706 


16,242 

87,733 

1,007,102 

4,762,928 

15,561 

5,388 

14,253 

313,606 

1,475,893 


4,136 
848 
10,586 
349 
182 
141 

79,956 
152 

7,625 

24,075 

10,188 

63,325 

93,065 

816,449 

,573,761 
571,224 
7,915 
,215,811 
,114,531 
113,571 
166, 115 

31 
4,494 


9,890 

408 

504 

189 

44 

1 

2,738 

2,567 

41 

42 

82 


10,283 
3,888 

27,242 
132,412 

8,561 
71,411 

2,131 
32,897 
26,752 
12,200 

171,888 
108,847 
,  195, 158 


1S99 


4,470,196 


23,554 

121,577 

665,678 

2,305,281 

5,717 

2,848 

21,334 

111,887 

1,212,320 


1,596 

12, 152 

638 

222 

137 

111,658 

336 

9,583 

34,058 

9,533 

21,375 

44,965 

555,747 

877,845 
627,851 
1,727 
287,092 
299,510 
92,098 
119, 158 

3 
1,515 


2,768 
253 
475 
281 
395 
.  27 

953 

1,590 

273 

32 

304 

16 

»  16,634 

4,380 

22,848 
32,798 

1,225 
21,949 

1,110 
16,270 

8,644 

7,043 

122,298 

60,375 

1,029,647 


Increase. 


Amount.   Percent, 


3,228,610 


-7,313 

-33,844 

341,424 

2,457,647 

9,844 

2,540 

-7,081 

201,719 

263,573 


-4,673 
-748 

-1,566 

-289 

-40 

4 

-31, 702 

-184 

-1,958 


655 

41,950 

48,100 

260, 702 

695,916 

-56,627 

6,188 

928, 719 

815,021 

21,473 

46,957 

28 
2,979 


7,122 
155 
•29 
-92 
-351 
-26 

1,785 

977 

-232 

10 

-222 

-16 

-6,351 

-492 

4,394 
99,614 

7,336 
49, 462 

1,021 
16,627 
18,108 

5,157 

49,590 
48,472 
165,511 


72.2 


-31.0 

-27.8 
51.3 
106.6 
172.2 
89.2 
-33.2 
180.3 
21.7 


-53.0 
-46.9 
-12.9 
-45.3 
-18.0 
2.9 

-28. 4 
-54.8 
-20.4 

-29.3 

6.9 

196.3 

107.0 

46.9 

79.3 
-9.0 
358.3 
323.5 
272.1 
23.3 
39.4 

(') 
196.6 


257.3 

61.3 

6.1 

-32.7 

-88.9 

187.3 

61.4 

-85.0 

(1) 

-73.0 


-38.2 
-11.2 

19.2 
303.7 
598.9 
225.3 

92.0 
102.2 
209.5 

73.2 

40.6 
80.3 
16.1 


PEODUCTION  (bushels). 


1909 


173,344,212 


428,617 

2,062,189 

26,705,278 

98,997,430 

409, 615 

119,922 

181,346 

9,785,511 

34,654,304 


106,674 
20,764 

285,008 
9,021 
4,676 
2.474 

1,922,868 

3,082 

136,239 

669,279 

234,298 

1,613,559 

2, 132, 101 

22,156,041 

34,927,773 
10,964,184 
134,253 
26,365,758 
22,396,130 
1,987,516 
2,221,816 

422 
135,454 


253,649 

8,407 

7,535 

3,483 

655 

10 

65,59€ 

53,201 

372 

753 

1,267 


127,641 
52,438 

753,268 
4,598,292 

189,057 

1,889,342 

43,490 

1,008,442 

891,471 

412, 149 

5,834,615 
2,377,735 
26,441,954 


1899 


119,634,877 


704,957 

3,145,218 

21,865,348 

59, 695, 149 

109,559 

42,138 

433, 625 

3,333,342 

30,305,541 


252,850 
46,680 
380,940 
14,987 
6,100 
3,400 

2,943,250 

4,790 

197, 178 

1,053,240 
260,550 
686,580 

1,165,288 
18,699,690 

24,314,240 
18,059,060 
28,969 
6,752,060 
7,031,760 
2,034,910 
1,474,150 

40 
42,660 


53,346 
3,660 
4,237 
3,106 
2,290 
320 

17,772 

21,636 

2,400 

330 

2,809 

110 

•  350,340 

80,366 

844, 140 
969,214 

29,690 
531,240 

24, 107 
458,776 
252,140 
224,035 

3,641,056 

1,615,150 

25,149,335 


Increase. 


Amount.     Per  cent, 


53,709,335 


-276,340 

-1,083,029 

4,839,930 

3i/,  302, 281 

300,056 

77,784 

-252,279 

6,452,169 

4,348,763 


-146, 176 
-25,916 
-95,932 
-5,966 
-1,424 
-926 

-1,020,382 
-1,708 
-60,939 

-483,961 
-26,252 
926,979 
966,813 

3,456,351 

10,613,533 

-7,094,876 

105,284 

19,613,698 

15,364,370 

-47,394 

747,666 

382 
92,894 


200,303 

4,747 

3,298 

377 

-1,635 
-310 

47,824 

31,565 

-2,028 

423 

-1,542 

-110 

-222,699 

-27,928 

-90,872 

3,629,078 

159,367 

1,358,102 

19,383 

549,666 

639,331 

188,114 

2,193,559 

862,585 

1,292,619 


44.9 


-39.2 

-34.4 

22.1 

65.8 

273.9 

184.6 

-58.2 

193.6 

14.3 


-57.8 
-55.6 
-25.2 
-39.8 
-23.3 
-27.2 

-34.7 
-35.7 
-30.9 

-46.0 
-10.1 
135.0 
829.7 
18.5 

43.6 
-39.3 
363.4 
290.5 
218.5 
-2.3 

60.7 

(') 
218.3 


343.3 
129.7 
77.8 
12.1 
-71.4 
-96.9 

269.1 

145.9 

-84.5 

128.2 


-63.6 
-34. 8 

-10.8 
374.4 
536.7 
255.6 

80.4 
119.8 
253.6 

84.0 

60.2 

56.9 

5.1 


1909 


$92,458,571 


342,659 

1,414,366 

15,240,518 

47,400,962 

276,981 

79, 171 

107,835 

5,566,331 

22,029,748 


86,230 
17,292 
225,803 
7,177 
4,126 
2,031 

1,316,117 

1,967 

96,282 

311,741 

133,591 

880,706 

1,232,344 

12,682,136 

17,213,817 
5,320,708 
80,245 
11,962,036 
10,873,522 
870,846 
1,079,788 

288 
79,231 


179,712 

6,640 

6,863 

4,297 

942 


42,929 

36,363 

336 

543 

1,136 


75,050 
31,640 

478,811 

2, 322, 705 

130,392 

1, 100, 753 

35,626 

714,834 

472,816 

310,394 

3,331,930 
1,513,310 
17,184,508 


1899 


$41,631,762 


364,226 

1,493,648 

8,158,220 

17,603,097 

53,245 

21,215 

115,856 

1,401,107 

12,521,148 


137,448 
25,189 

187,004 
9,264 
3,465 
1,856 

1,402,184 
2,301 
89,163 

402,977 
100,480 
242,834 
494,994 
6,916,935 

7,220,739 

5,342,363 

11,232 

1,996,082 

2,003,640 

545,432 

383,709 

30 
18,776 


25,007 
1,832 
2,335 
2,899 
2,048 
318 

8,157 

11,273 

1,682 

203 

1,278 

61 

>  81, 163 

33,364 

341,308 
312, 730 
15,375 
246,510 
\  12,475 
823,985 
'121,826 
126,898 

1,268,480 

606,945 

1.0,645,723 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  cent. 


$50,826,809 


-21,567 

-79,282 

7,082,298 

29,897,866 

223,736 

57,956 

-8,021 

4,165,224 

9,508,600 


-51,218 

-7,897 

38,799 

-2,087 

661 

175 

-86,067 
-334 
7,119 

-91,236 

33,  111 

637,872 

737,350 

5,765,201 

9,993,078 

-21,655 

69,013 

9,965,954 

8,869,982 

325,414 

696,079 

258 
60,455 


154,705 
3,808 
4,528 
1,398 

-1,106 
-310 

34,772 

24,090 

-1,246 

340 

-142 

-61 

-6,104 

-1,714 

137,503 
2,009,975 
115,017 
854,243 
23, 151 
490,849 
350,990 
183,496 

2,063,450 

906,365 

6,538,785 


»  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 

RYE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


389 


Table  29 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States — 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atl.vntic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Teimessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas , 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon , 

California , 


1909 


2,195,561 


13,221 
472,132 
968,568 
470,582 
157,546 

50,091 
5,926 

32,115 

25,390 


292 

260 

1,115 

3,476 

477 

7,601 

130,540 

60,032 

272,560 

67,912 
83,440 
58,973 
419,020 
339,213 

266,567 
42,042 
20,001 
48,188 
13,778 
62,827 
17,179 

1,017 

28,093 

13 

47,890 

15,679 

48,685 

2,958 

12,352 

859 

26,813 

22,798 

437 

43 

1,080 

19 

4,291 

536 

6,034 

3,295 

1,516 

15,715 

257 

21 

5,234 

43 

5,450 
12,913 
7,027 


1890 


2,054,292 


18,655 
556,431 
676,303 
556,406 
114,319 

35,985 

10,582 
9,519 

76,092 


611 

350 

2,264 

4,657 

691 

10,282 

177,416 

68,967 

310,048 

17,583 
43,562 
78,869 
174,096 
362,193 

118,869 
89,172 
21,233 
27,995 
39,253 

178,920 
80,964 

1,103 

21,621 

22 

31,534 

13,758 

28,074 

4,256 

13,185 

766 

17,618 

16,556 

1,708 

103 

2,883 

55 

>3,660 

3,984 

2,003 

1,304 

1,006 

2,148 

48 

15 

2,866 

129 

3,077 
10,090 
62,925 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  ct 


141,269 


-5,434 

-84,299 

292,255 

-85,824 

43,227 

14,106 

-4,656 

22,596 

-50,702 


-319 

-90 

-1,149 

-1,081 

-114 
-2,681 

-46,876 

65 

-37,488 

50,329 
39,878 

-19,896 
244,924 

-22,980 

147,098 
-47,130 
-1,232 
20,193 
-25,475 
-116,093 
-63,785 

-86 

6,472 

-9 

16,356 

1,921 

20,611 

-1,298 

-833 

93 

9,196 

6,242 

-1,271 

-60 

-1,803 

-36 

631 

-3,448 

4,031 

1,991 

510 

13,567 

209 

6 

2,368 


2,373 

2,823 

-55,898 


6.9 


-29.1 

-15.1 

43.2 

-15.4 

37.8 

39.2 

-44.0 

237.4 

-66.6 


-62.2 
-26.7 
-60.8 
-23.7 
-19.3 
-26.1 

-26.4 

0.1 

-12.1 

286.2 
91.6 
-26.2 
140.7 
-6.3 

124.3 
-62.9 

-6.8 

72.1 

-64.9 

-64.9 

—78.8 

-7.8 
29.9 

(') 
61.9 
14.0 
73.4 
-30.6 

-6.3 
12.1 

52.2 

37.7 

-74.4 

-58.3 

-62.5 

(>) 
17.2 
-86.5 

201.2 
152.7 

50.7 
631.6 
(>) 

(') 

82.6 
-66.7 

77.1 
28.0 


production  (bushels). 


1909 


29,520,467 


230,458 

6,458,475 

13,443,196 

6,907,788 

1,322,474 

400,709 

49, 137 

439,767 

268,453 


4,815 
4,534 
16,689 
59,183 
7,546 
137,692 

2,010,601 

951,271 

3,496,603 

921,919 
1,121,689 

787,519 
6,814,394 
4,797,776 

4,426,028 
570,996 
205,813 
689,233 
194,672 
660,631 
160,416 

11,423 

357,562 

190 

438,345 

148,676 

280,431 

20,631 

69,937 

5,279 

255,532 

140,925 

3,736 

516 

7,354 

193 

37,240 

4,350 

111,214 

40,241 

20,479 

198,025 

2,913 

261 

65,754 

880 

50,746 
147,024 
70,683 


1899 


25,568,625 


317,964 

7,207,830 

9,199,566 

6,798,638 

862,549 

275,363 

104,627 

123,458 

678,630 


9,290 
6,320 
31,950 
60,294 
7,710 
203,400 

2,431,670 

831,410 

3,944,750 

257,120 

664,300 

1,104,670 

2,130,870 

5,142,606 

1,866,150 
1,179,970 
220,338 
368,240 
464,860 
1,901,820 
807,26(f 

12,380 

279,550 

290 

246,834 

111,031 

133,730 

19,372 

54,492 

4,870 

155,365 

107,912 

11,123 

963 

19,125 

372 

« 42,360 

42,770 

33,120 
16,580 
15,580 
26,180 

1,064 

190 

28,630 

2,114 

44,945 
109,234 
524,451 


Increase. 


Amount.      Per  ct 


3,951,832 


-87,506 

-749,355 

4,243,630 

109,150 

459,925 

125,346 

-55,490 

316,309 

-410, 177 


-4,476 

-786 

-15,261 

-1,111 

-165 

-65,708 

-421,069 

119,861 

-448, 147 

664,799 

557,289 

-317, 151 

3,683,524 

-344,831 

2,559,878 

-608,974 

-14,525 

320,993 

-260, 188 

-1,241,189 

-646,845 

-957 

78,012 

-100 

191,511 

37,645 

146,701 

1,259 

5,445 

409 

100, 167 

33,013 

-7,387 

-447 

-11,771 

-179 

-5, 120 

-38,420 

78,094 

23,661 

4,899 

171,845 

1,849 

71 

37, 124 

-1,234 

5,801 

37,790 

-453,768 


15.5 


-27.6 

-10.4 

46.1 

1.6 

53.3 

46.6 

-53.0 

256.2 

-60.4 


-48.2 
-14.8 
-47.8 
-1.8 
-2.1 
-32.3 

-17.3 

14.4 

-11.4 

258.6 
98.8 
-28.7 
172.9 
-6.7 

137.2 
-61.6 

-6.6 
87.2 
-67.2 
-65.3 
-80.1 

-7.7 
27.9 
-34.5 
77.6 
33.9 
109.7 
6.5 
10.0 
8.4 

64.5 

30.6 

-66.4 

-46.4 

-61.6 
-48.1 
-12.1 


235.8 
142.7 

31.4 
656.4 
173.8 

37.4 
129.7 
-58.4 

12.9 

34.6 

-86.5 


1909 


920,421,812 


206,852 
4,959,172 
9,011,568 
4,216,576 
1,106,617 

337,152 
41,165 

300,134 

242,576 


4,388 
4,680 
14,633 
52,396 
7,007 
123,848 

1,578,408 

707,260 

2,673,514 

636,276 

743,782 

523,374 

3,944,616 

3,163,520 

2,679,987 
357,220 
156,852 
411,728 
115, 126 
383,736 
111,927 


252,691 
136 
344,241 
122,258 
269,666 
32, 197 
69,366 
7,995 

202,534 

129,846 

4,314 

459 

6,834 

236 

30,364 

3,731 

82,669 

28,976 

14,791 

123,530 

2,650 

239 

46,338 

941 

43,974 
132,756 
65,846 


1899 


112,290.640 


178,971 

3,906,606 

4,381,609 

2,700,264 

493,519 

166,526 

56,281 

64,659 

342,105 


6,126 
3,529 
18,012 
34,291 
4,751 
112,262 

1,393,313 

442,446 

2,070,847 

128,072 

266,487 

509,688 

1,033,416 

2,443,946 

783,852 
480,817 
103, 192 
138,771 
164,860 
712,759 
316,013 

5,831 
141,433 
162 
124, 195 
58,784 
86,228 
18,405 
62,937 
5,544 

88,315 

68,381 

9,075 

756 

11,428 

323 

« 17,108 

27,362 

16,546 
8,328 
9,574 
13,876 
701 
157 
13,761 
1,716 

23,566 

67,053 

251,486 


Increase. 


Amount.     Perct, 


$8,131,272 


27,881 

1,052,566 

4,629,959 

1,516,312 

613,098 

170,626 

-15,116 

235,476 

-99,529 


-1,738 
1,151 
-3,479 
18,105 
2,256 
11,586 

185,096 
264,804 
602,667 

508,204 

477,295 

13,686 

2,911,200 

719,574 

1,896,135 
-123,597 
53,660 
272,957 
-49,734 
-329,023 
-204,086 

2,338 

111,258 

-27 

220,046 

63,474 

183,338 

13,792 

16,428 

2,451 

114,219 

61,464 

-4,761 

-296 

-4,594 

-87 

13,196 

-23,631 

66,123 

20,648 

6,217 

109,654 

1,949 

82 

32,577 

-776 

20,408 

65,703 

-185,640 


I  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 


>  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


390  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

BUCKWHEAT— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 
[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  30 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


TTnlted  States 

Gkoqeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Cente-il: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


1909 


878,048 

28,725 

592, 159 

139,971 

25,955 

84,864 

4,772 

121 

316 

1,165 


15,552 
1,052 
7,659 
1,630 
2,797 

286,276 

13,155 

292,728 

26,073 

6,995 

4,696 

75,909 

26,298 

10,309 
9,066 
1,676 
1,039 
1,904 
1,205 

4,002 
10,388 
25,481 
33,323 
11,606 

1,887 
2,867 


1899 


807,060 

42,767 

555,464 

123,357 

27,505 

55,542 

1,267 

107 

158 

893 


25,292 
1,835 
9,910 
2,262 
3,423 

289,862 

15,762 

249,840 

13,071 
8,684 
6,220 
55,669 
39,713 

6,700 
13,834 
2,715 
1,121 
232 


1,652 
8,047 
19,251 
21,410 
5,168 

84 
1,173 


Increase. 


Amount.  Percent 


70,988 

-14,042 

36,695 

16,614 

-1,550 

29,322 

3,505 

14 

ij      158 

272 


-9,740 
-783 

-2,251 
-632 
-626 

-3,586 
-2,607 
42,888 

13,002 
-1,689 
-1,524 
20,240 
-13,415 

3,609 

-4,768 

-1,039 

-82 

1,672 

225 

2,350 
2,341 
6,230 
11,913 
6,438 

1,803 
1,694 


8.8 

-32.8 

6.6 

13.5 

-5.6 

52.8 

276.6 

13.1 

100.0 

30.5 


-38.5 
-42.7 
-22.7 
-27.9 
-18.3 

-1.2 

-16.5 

17.2 

99.5 
-19.4 
-24.6 

36.4 
-33.8 

53.9 
-34.5 
-38.3 
-7.3 
720.7 
23.0 

142.3 
29.1 
32.4 
55.6 

124.6 

(>) 

144.4 


pbodttction  (bushels). 


1909 


14,849,332 

602,715 

10,701,643 

1,897,474 

349,316 

1,216,608 

51,525 

987 

7,931 

21, 133 


316,782 
26,312 

174,394 
32',  926 
61,751 

5,691,745 

212,548 

4,797,350 

483,410 
84,991 
68,125 
958,119 
302,829 

144,861 
120,659 
20,289 
17,066 
28,551 
9,876 

53,903 
152,216 
332,222 
533,670 
144, 186 

18,074 
33,249 


1899 


11,833,615 

807,336 

7,972,605 

1,427,420 

292,669 

704, 147 

9,552 

924 

2,152 

16,710 


468,320 
43,360 

196,010 
36,034 
62,962 

3,815,350 

234,275 

3,922,980 

164,305 
102,340 
65,050 
605,830 
489,895 

82,687 
151, 120 
21,480 
10,760 
2,790 
8,629 

23,980 
115,950 
244,321 
267,257 

52,572 

879 
8,597 


Increase. 


Amount. 


3, 615, 817 


-204,621 

2,729,038 

470,054 

56,647 

512,461 

41,973 

63 

5,779 

4,423 


-151,538 
-17,048 
-21,616 
-3,108 
-11,211 

1,876,395 
-21,727 
874,370 

319, 105 

-17,349 

3,075 

352,289 

-187,066 

62, 174 

-30,561 

-1,191 

6,306 

25,761 

1,247 

29,923 
36,266 
87,901 
266,413 
91,614 

17, 195 
24,652 


32.2 


-25.3 

34.2 

32.9 

19.4 

72.8 

439.4 

6.8 

268.6 

26.5 


-32.4 
-39.3 
-11.0 
-8.6 
-17.8 

49.2 
-9.3 
22.3 

194.2 

-17.0 

4.7 

68.1 

-38.2 

75.2 

-20.2 

-5.5 

58.6 
923.3 

14.5 

124.8 
31.3 
36.0 
99.7 

174.3 

1,956.2 
286.8 


1909 


$9,330,592 


400,081 

6,625,613 

1,222,109 

230,356 

791,646 

37,268 

854 

6,920 

15,945 


189,516 
17,842 

122,060 
24,678 
45,532 

3,687,558 

141,997 

2,895,968 

303,220 
56,617 
48,040 
594,748 
219,484 

89,058 
86,941 
16,296 

9,135 
16,816 

7.221 

30,839 
99,216 
196, 196 
351,171 
113,677 

12,028 
25,078 


1899 


85,747,853 


350,148 

4,112,076 

762,559 

164,305 

341,567 

5,355 

744 

1,397 

9,702 


185,836 
19,334 
90,276 
20,930 
33,346 

2,045,737 

120,479 

1,945,860 

87,242 
51,300 
36,225 
306,311 
281,481 

43,741 
84,842 
12,079 
7,439 
2,073 
5,109 

10,773 
58,623 
111,731 
134,893 
25,482 


615 


4,( 


Increase. 


Amount. 


Percent, 


$3,582,739 


49,933 

2,613,437 

459,560 

66,051 

449,979 

31,913 

110 

6,523 

6,243 


3,680 
-1,492 
31,775 

3,748 
12,186 

1,541,821 
21,518 
960,098 

215,978 

5,317 

11,815 

288,437 

-61,997 

45,317 
2,099 
4,217 
1,696 

14,743 
2,112 

20,066 
40,593 
84,465 
216,278 
88,095 

11,413 
20,388 


62.3 


14.3 

61.1 

60.3 

.40.2 

131.7 

695.9 

14.8 

395.3 

64.3 


2.0 
-7.7 
36.2 
17.9 
36.5 

75.4 
17.9 


247.6 
10.4 
32.6 
94.2 

-22.0 

103.6 
2.5 
34.9 
22.8 

711.2 
41.3 

186.3 
69.2 
75.6 

160.3 

345.7 

1,855.8 
434.7 


>  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 

EMMER  AND  SPELT— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND   VALUE,   BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909. 

[States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  31 


division  or  state. 


TTnlted  States . . . 
Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic .... 
East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central, 

Mountain 

Pacific 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

East  North  Central: 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 


Acreage. 


573,622 


202 

1,795 

14,941 

522,487 


13,295 
18,644 
1,861 


1,382 

1,633 
6,742 
6,090 


Production 
(bushels). 


12,702,710 

5,418 

42,993 

371,864 

11,672,769 

6, 

2, 

139, 

407, 

55, 


33,890 


41, 
154, 
166, 


Value. 


$5, 584, 050 


4, 

28, 

212, 

5,009, 

4, 

1, 

81. 

205, 

35, 


22,110 


division  oe  state. 


West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

West  South  Central: 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 


Acreage. 


30,891 

7,256 

7,935 

101, 144 

259,611 

65,681 

49,969 

8,659 
4,624 

1,308 
1,521 
15,523 


Production 
(bushels). 


757,339 

139,839 

104,540 

2,564,732 

6,098,982 

1,221,975 

785,362 

94,680 
44,316 

39,830 
35,677 
324,713 


Value. 


$338,841 

65,436 

47,543 

1,102,782 

2,627,533 

484,791 

342.846 

64.690 
27,118 

24.643 
22,918 
153.068 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


391 


KAFIR  CORN  AND  MILO  MAIZE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY   DIVISIONS  AND   STATES: 

1909  AND  1899. 
[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  32 

ACREAGE. 

PRODUCTION  (BUSHELS). 

VALUE. 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1S99 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

Amount.  1  Per  cent. 

XTnited  States 

1,636,153 

266,513 

1,368,640 

513.6 

17,697,306 

5,169,113 

12,428,192 

240.4 

$10,816,940 

91,367,046 

$9,449,900  !         691.3 

Geographic  divisions: 

48 

686 

1,185 

404,433 

230 

493 

1,107,406 

76,436 

44,336 

48 

685 

1,048 

246,840 

190 

470 

1,019,066 

76,279 

24, 114 

1,772 

11,647 

22,779 

5,372,284 

3,561 

6,453 

10,536,612 

703,484 

938,713 

1,772 

11,633 

19,967 

2,253,240 

2,943 

5,829 

8,916,022 

698,659 

518,127 

1,084 

8,203 

14,242 

3,219,619 

2,918 

4,998 

6,330,665 

509,163 

726,048 

1,084 

8,196 

13,354 

2,415,209 

2,611 

4,714 

5,964,863 

507,104 

532,765 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central.... 
South  Atlantic 

1 

137 

157,693 

40 

23 

88,340 

157 

20,222 

(>) 

765.0 
156.6 
(») 
(>) 
1,153.5 
48,585.4 
119.2 

14 

2,812 

3,119,044 

618 

624 

1,620,590 

4,825 

420,586 

(') 

710.1 
72.2 
476.2 
934.1 
650.2 
14,479.8 
123.2 

7 

888 

804,410 

307 

284 

366,802 

2,059 

193,283 

1,503.8 
300.2 
850.5 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

1,659.9 

1,630.6 

24,628.6 

Pacific 

276.6 

' 

West  North  Central: 
Missouri 

13,543 

2,016 

388,495 

1,294 
632,615 
673,384 

11,971 
63,670 
44,308 

1,990 

742 

154,706 

109 
i65,418 
22,813 

18 

138 

20,218 

11,663 

1,274 

233,789 

1,186 
467,097 
650,671 

11,953 
63,432 
24,090 

680.6 
171.7 
151.1 

1,087.2 

714.0 

2,413.4 

(•) 

45,966.2 
119.2 

228,386  !          38,497 

20,212            13,607 

5,115,415       3,063,781 

15,284              1,722 
4,668,752     «1. 136.772 

189,889 

6,605 

2,051,634 

13,662 
3,621,980 
6,378,348 

138,932 
638,877 
617,697 

493.2 

48.6 
67.0 

787.6 

309.8 

1,115.6 

46,003.3 

12,0-17.2 

123.1 

152,246 

15,712 

3,046,799 

12,074 
2,631,036 
3,785,463 

94,486 
392,393 
725,704 

12,836 

6,189 

785,276 

808 
•234,980 
130,014 

131 

1,778 

193,244 

139,410 
10,523 

1,086.1 

Nebraska 

202.8 

Klansas 

2,261,523  !          288.0 

West  South  Central: 

11,266 
2,296,056 
3,655,449 

94,365 
390,615 
532,460 

1,394.3 

Oklahoma 

977.1 

Texas 

6,860,444 

139,234 
643,350 
938,049 

482,096 

302 

4,473 

420,452 

2,811.6 

72,026.7 

21,969.1 

275.5 

Mountain  and  Pacitic: 
Colorado 

New  Mexico 

California 

>  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  b  less  than  100. 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


ROUGH  RICE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES :  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  33 

acreage. 

production  (bushels). 

1                                              VALUE. 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

United  Stateg 

1610,175 

342,214 

267,961 

78.3 

121,838,580 

9,002,886 

12,835,694 

142.6 

1  $16,019,607 

$6,329,662 

$9,690,045 

183.1 

Geographic  divisions: 
South  Atlantic 

27,080 

660 

682,623 

127,369 

4,424 

210,421 

-100,289 
-3,864 
372,102 

-78.7 
-87.3 
176.8 

713,966 

10,006 

21,114,548 

2,470,726 

69,934 

6,472,227 

-1,756,760 

-49,928 

14,642,321 

-71.1 
-83.3 
226.2 

691,372 

10,547 

16,317,648 

2,000,996 

69,455 

4,269,111 

-1,309,624 

-48,908 

11,048,537 

65  5 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

-82.3 
258.8 

South  Atlantic: 

Virgmia 

25 

22,279 

77,657 

21,998 

5,410 

2,329 
2,095 

25 

201,685 

8,711 

-26 

-21,768 
-68,166 
-16,553 

-4,787 

-2,060 
-1,814 

27,394 
116,833 

228,875 

157 

283,906 

1,703,602 

401,963 

81,097 

33,343 
26,591 

310 

6,213,397 

258,520 

-157 

-272,649 

-1,162,032 

-253,266 

-68,756 

-28,173 
-21,755 

1,282,520 
4,626,576 
8,733,225 

94 

208,475 

1,366,628 

338,667 

87,332 

30,891 
28,564 

235 

4,044,489 

224,387 

-94 

-198,206 

-846,528 

-192,754 

-72,042 

-25,712 
-23,196 

1,157,868 
4,008,733 
5,881,936 

521 

19,491 

6,445 

623 

279 
281 

27,419 
317,518 
237,686 

-97,7 
-74.9 
-70.7 
-88.6 

-88.0 
-86.6 

(») 
67.4 
2,627.4 

11,357 
641,670 
148,698 

12,341 

5,170 
4,836 

1,282,830 
10,839,973 
8,991,745 

-96.0 
-68.2 
-63.0 
-84.8 

-84.5 
-81.8 

413,709.7 

74.5 

3,378.2 

10,269 
620,000 
145,813 

15,290 

5,179 
5,368 

1, 158, 103 
8,053,222 
6,106,323 

95.1 

South  Carolina 

-61.9 
56  9 

Georgia 

Florida 

-82.6 

-83.2 
81.2 

East  South  Central: 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

492,680.9 

99.1 

2,621.4 

Texas 

1  Includes  12  acres,  60  bushels,  valued  at  $40,  in  stated  not  shown. 


*  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  Is  less  than  100. 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


OTHEB  GBAINS  AND  SEEDS. 


According  to  ordinary  usage,  the  term  "grain"  refers 
to  the  several  cereals  only,  but  it  is  sometimes  applied 
to  other  seeds  also,  such  as  beans  and  peas  and  pea- 
nuts. The  more  comprehensive  definition  conforms  to 
the  usage  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  which 
has  been  adopted  by  the  Census  Bureau.  Among  the 
other  seeds  are  included  flaxseed,  grass  seed,  flower 
and  vegetable  seeds,  etc.  The  combined  value  of  the 
production  of  the  minor  grains  and  seeds,  of  which 
the  most  important  are  beans,  peas,  peanuts,  flaxseed, 
grass  seed,  and  flower  and  vegetable  seeds,  amounted 
in  1909  to  $97,536,000,  representing  1.8  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  all  crops,  including  forest  and  nur- 
sery products.  The  statistics  of  acreage  were  not 
tabulated  for  grass  seeds,  or  flower  and  vegetable 
seeds,  chiefly  for  the  reason  that  in  many  cases  the 
raising  of  these  seeds  was  incidental  to  the  produc- 
tion of  hay  and  forage  crops  and  of  flowers  and  vege- 
tables, so  that  a  presentation  of  the  acreage  would 
involve  dupUcation.  The  total  acreage  of  the  minor 
grains  and  seeds  for  which  acreage  reports  were  se- 
cured amounted  in  1909  to  5,157,000,  or  1.1  per  cent 
of  the  improved  farm  land  of  the  country. 

Dry  edible  beans. — Table  34  shows  the  statis- 
tics for  dry  edible  beans.  It  does  not  include  beans 
used  green  from  vegetable  gardens  nor  varieties  of 
beans  which  are  used  mainly  for  feeding  animals, 
such  as  horse  beans,  stock  beans,  and  velvet  beans, 
nor  castor  beans  (the  total  acreage  of  which  is  very 
small).  Beans  used  green  from  gardens  are  included 
with  vegetables. 

The  acreage  of  dry  edible  beans  in  1909  was  802,991, 
forming  only  0.2  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  farm 
acreage  of  the  country.  The  acreage  in  1909  was  76.9 
per  cent  greater  than  in  1899,  and  the  production, 
which  amounted^  to  11,251,000  bushels  in  1909,  was 
considerably  more  than  twice  as  great.  The  value  of 
the  product  increased  from  $7,634,000  in  1899  to 
$21,771,000  m  1909,  or  185.2  per  cent,  the  average 
value  per  bushel  having  advanced  from  $1.51  to  $1.94. 
The  value  of  the  crop  raised  in  1909  represented  0.4 
per  cent  of  that  of  all  crops.  The  East  North  Central 
division  contained  more  than  half  of  the  total  acreage 
of  dry  edible  beans  in  the  countiy  in  1909.  Other 
divisions  with  large  acreages  were  the  Pacific  and 
Mddle  Atlantic,  but  in  the  latter  the  acreage  was  less 
in  1909  than  in  1899. 

The  total  acreage  of  the  various  other  kinds  of 
beans  (not  reported  as  dry  edible  beans  or  as  beans 
used  green  from  gardens)  was  14,947  in  1909,  as  com- 
pared with  25,738  in  1899;  the  production  was 
179,733  bushels  ha  1909  and  143,388  in  1899;  and  the 
value  $241,060  in  1909,  as  compared  with  $134,084 
in  1899. 


DRY  EDIBLE  BEANS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND 
VALUE. 


Table  34 


DIVISION    OE 

STATE. 


United  States... 

Geographic  divs.  : 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan.-. 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAanc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1909       1899 


802,991 


16,619 

117,370 

422,256 

9,189 

25,776 

18,481 

3,551 

30,847 

158,902 


10,341 

3,180 

2,390 

446 

54 

208 

115,698 

403 

1, 

1,139 
1,721 
1,153 
403,669 
14,574 

4, 
615 

1,281 
544 
809 

1,173 
70 

55 
1196 


14,777 
18,111 
1  5,521 
11,528 
1  2,947 
1  2,641 

1  12,434 
13,398 
11,557 
11,092 

1819 

1311 

1575 

11,846 

342 

1,915 

273 

5,040 

20,766 

2,301 

196 

14 

353 

562 
157,987 


453,841 


16,734 

131,681 

188,292 

12,495 

30,492 

14,110 

5,458 

7,581 

46,998 


10,252 

2,892 

2,404 

629 

216 

341 

129,298 

201 

2,182 

1, 

2,999 

3,451 

167,025 

12,989 

3,290 
2,427 
4,376 
270 
397 
887 
848 

100 
605 
1 
6,411 
5,221 
5,381 
1,657 
1,927 
9,189 

5,633 
5,563 
1,765 
1,149 

1,490 
335 

»755 
2,878 

101 
457 
26 
2,634 
3,349 
805 
176 
33 


841 
45,861 


production 
(bushels). 


1909 


11,251,160 


145,111 

1,696,468 

5,472,850 

94,841 

162,853 

114,022 

25,052 

200,402 

3,339,561 


87,565 
22,546 
26,359 

4,979 
817 

2,845 

1,681,506 
2,941 
12,021 

13,665 

15,238 

6,866 

5,282,511 

154,570 

62,822 
5, — 
9,385 
5,073 
5,285 
5,941 
636 

648 
1,833 


29,435 
39,794 
35,937 
6,825 
16,546 
31,835 

70,557 
19,526 
15,212 
8,727 

4,080 
5,557 
2,520 
12,895 

2,958 
33,816 

1,876 
53,926 
85,795 
18,457 

3,352 
222 

3,311 

8,032 

3,328,218 


1899 


5,064,490 


212, 
1,387, 
2,028, 
128, 
373, 
126, 
53, 
80, 
673, 


137,290 

29,990 

27,172 

7,"" 

3,330 

6,428 

1,360,445 
2,888 
23,957 

19,042 
30,171 
30,122 
1,806,413 
143,182 

36,317 
24,903 
45,647 

2,389 

4,218 

7, 

7,284 

1,333 
4,754 
12 
56,189 
52,815 
49,518 
14,925 
17,489 
176,304 

49,106 
48,736 
17,865 
11,162 

15,682 

3,371 

»6,130 

28,129 

1,110 
5, — 
285 
28,570 
36,022 
6,637 

536 

3,830 

11,077 

658,515 


1909 


1899 


$21,771,482 


$7,633,636 


432,501 

3,723,350 

10,054,082 

199,498 

291,885 

189,809 

45,717 

506,185 

6,328,455 


275,334 

62,783 

72,873 

12,382 

2,084 

7,045 

3,689,064 
6,150 
28,136 

30,082 
30,929 
12,842 
9,716,315 
263,914 

124,996 
12,428 
20,354 
12,862 
12,575 
14,962 
1,321 

1,387 
3,342 


61,864 
81,049 
57,528 
12,778 
30,018 
43,919 

105,309 
40,966 
19,887 
23,647 

6,588 
6,982 
5,942 
26,205 

8,511 

76,314 

5,018 

128,701 

232,023 

44,997 

10,006 

615 

9,656 

23,342 

6,295,457 


437,110 

2,517,273 

2,692,908 

194,441 

377,428 

142,511 

68,574 

153,204 

1,050,187 


290,885 
62,799 
51,629 
15,088 
6,477 
10,232 

2,472,668 
5,886 
38,719 

33,307 

46,281 

46,084 

2,361,020 

206,216 

49,685 
38,296 
73,850 
3,872 
6,448 
12,805 
9,485 

1,822 

7,038 

38 

66,066 

80,494 

50,703 

13,936 

17,982 

139,349 

57,672 
57,660 
15,507 
11,672 

17,046 

3,948 

» 6,928 

40,652 

2,221 
9,979 
746 
49,169 
73,001 
12,700 
4,085 
1,303 

7,034 

20,567 

1,022,586 


1  A  considerable  amount  of  this  acreage  is  probably  a  duplication  of  other  crop 
acreage. 

•  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

Dry  peas. — Table  35  presents  statistics  for  dry  peas; 
it  does  not  cover  green  peas,  which  are  included  under 
"vegetables." 

In  1909  the  acreage  of  dry  peas  in  the  United  States 
as  a  whole  was  1,305,099,  equivalent  to  0.3  per  cent  of 
the  total  improved  farm  acreage  of  the  country. 
Although  the  acreage  reported  in  1909  was  34.8  per 
cent  greater  than  in  1899,  the  production  (7,129,000 
bushels)  showed  a  decrease  of  24.5  per  cent.     On  ac- 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


393 


count  of  the  material  increase  in  the  average  value 
per  bushel,  however,  the  total  value  of  the  crop  ad- 
vanced from  $7,909,000  in  1899  to  $10,964,000  in 
1909,  when  it  constituted  0.2  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  all  farm  crops. 

DRY  PEAS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  35 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  Statei.... 

Geographic  divs.: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 
West  North  Central . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio 

TiMUftym 

Ullnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa , 

Missouri , 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota ;. 

Nebraska 

Tfansa-i 

SoirrH  Atlantic: 

Delaware , 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina , 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  Sodth  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma. 

Texas 

MotlNTAIN: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Caluomia 


1909 


1,  SOS,  099 


824 

4,185 

227,430 

27,635 

667,705 

203,229 

138,902 

28,598 

6,591 


537 
122 
127 
30 
4 
4 

4,00V 
91 
87 

323 
13,082 
41,076 
94,932 
78,017 

835 
731 
23,036 
399 
1,783 
26 
825 

1,615 
»742 


1899 


968, 370; 


3,050 

15,275 

154,216 

7,943 

440,378 

251,851 

81,033 

7,733 

6,891 


> 12,091 
1232 
>  169,934 
> 265,632 
»  210,315 
•7,144 

«  8,465 
136,640 
« 85,034 
»  73,090 

»  52,730 

133,150 

>  6,245 

»  46,777 

1,184 

234 

328 

24,230 

»2,485 

13 

126 


3,196 

436 

2,959 


2,300 
146 
408 
122 
45 
29 

14,748 
45 
482 

506 

533 

12,982 

71,376 

68,819 

6701 
1,556| 
5,319 

84 
371 
126, 
161, 

51* 
947| 


22,206 
323' 

88,407 
143,070 
167,032 

17,875: 

8,394 
82,S4L 
91, 126: 
69,490 

31,414! 

15, 190: 

»455 

33,974 

1,512 

170 

13 

3,621 

2,220 

50 

143 

4 

3,573 
1,304 
2,014 


PRODUCTION 
(BUSHELS). 


1909 


1899 


7,129,294  9,440,210 


7,784 

73,358 

2,603,773 

164,873 

2,242,- 

882,471 

678,746 

328,201 

157,844 


244  3, 


4,963 
934 
1,262 
480 
73 
72 

71,486 


3,041 

88,254 

185,020 

1,162,403 

1,166,065 

14,964 
9,007 
109,367 
6,643 
10,698 
169 
5,235 

12,521 
6,603 


66,488 

1,«0 

651,567 

711,853 


48,130 
259,068 
2,351,614 
96,144 
,568,991 
2,099,677 
730,703 
114, 180 
171,813 


35,991 

1,533 

6,946 

2,259 

940 

462 

251,889 

806 

6,363 

7,521 

7,357 

103,386 

1,134,431 

1,098,819 

9,021 

27,606 

54,763 

710 

462 

1,686 

2,006 

4,650 
12,459 


1909 


1899 


$10,963,72917,908,966 


15,348 

121,369 

3,396,025 

241,082 

3,805,792 

1,660,726 

1,095,149 

495, 132 

233,116 


58,506 

239,095 

1,639,048 

106,461 

2,874,088 

1,962,651 

766,548 

92,708 

169,871 


219, 142 
3,613 

876, 167 
1,162,705 


736,0091,130,441 
56,713     159,814 


44,772 
133,924 
418,007 
285,768 

229,444 

161,659 

33,282 

264,361 

21,670 

4,875 

9,231 

258,281 

30,829 

93 

3,222 


91,032 
9,344 
57,468 


83,089 
760,663 
665,388 
690,637 

245,894 
146,298 
«  5,049 
333,462 

32,265 

2,S06| 

232 

47,461 

28, 071 1 

866 

2,694 

85 

91,899 
22,615 
57,299 


10,134 

1,955 

2,092 

944 

102 

121 

117,558 
1,711 
2,100 

5,298 

133,996 

273,373 

1,337,430 

1,646,928 

18,384 
11,609 
180,391 
8,368 
11,223 
308 
10,739 

25,278 
11,143 


127,211 

3,312 

1,024,228 

1,311,464 

1,204,783 

98,383 

84,514 
246,434 
660,270 
670,608 

376,076 
252,362 
63,857 
402,854 

37,757 
9,160 
9,552 
397,540 
35,077 
293 
5,763 


116,066 
16,035 
101,016 


44,618 
2,210 
7,730 
2,125 
1,195 
628 

230,609 

868 

7,618 

7,410 

7,348 

110,554 

689,133 

824,603 

9,338 
24,473 
66,701 

1,001 
591 

2,041 

2,306 

6,086 
12,725 


218,477 
3,731 
649, 194 
869,932 
953,241 
171,702 

90,739 
767,840 
536,793 
567,279 

255,709 
156,843 
>  4,690 
349,306 

33,273 

4,068 

305 

29,906 

20,365 

1,205 

3,504 

92 

78,124 
21,114 
70,633 


'  A  considerable  amount  of  this  acreage  is  probably  a  duplication  of  other  crop 
acreage. 

'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

The  leading  division  with  respect  to  acreage  of  dry 
peas  is  the  South  Atlantic,  which  in  1909  reported 
more  than  half  of  the  total,  but  the  production  in  this 
division  was  less  in  1909  than  that  in  the  East  North 
Central  division,  which  ranked  second  in  acreage. 
The  marked  increase  reported  in  the  acreage  devoted 
to  this  crop  in  the  South  Atlantic  division  is  probably- 


more  apparent  than  real,  inasmuch  as  peas  are  often 
planted  in  conjunction  with  some  other  crop,  and  it 
seems  certain  that  for  1 909  the  enumerators  more  fre- 
quently duplicated  such  acreage  in  their  reports  than 
they  did  for  1899.  The  East  South  Central  and  West 
South  Central  divisions  ranked  third  and  fourth,  respec- 
tively, in  acreage  and  production  in  1909. 

Peannts. — Table  36  shows  that  the  production  of 
peanuts  is  practically  confined  to  the  southern  states. 

PEANUTS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  36 

STATE. 


TXnited  States 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Florida 

Georgia 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

New  Mexico 

North  Carolina 

Oklahoma 

South  Carolbia 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

AH  other  states 


1909       1899 


869,887 

100,609 

10,192 

99 

126,150 

160,317 

48 

25,020 

13,997 

130 

126 

195, 134 

1,564 

7,596 

18,952 

64,327 

145,213 

413 


616,664 

78,878 

5,233 

433 

69,452 

100,589 

2251 

3, 1071 

5,853 

271 

II 

96,856 

>2,205 

7, 162i 

19,634 

10,734 

116,914 

207 


PRODUCTION 
(BUSHELS). 


1909 


19,415 

1,573; 

168, 

2, 

2,315, 

2,569, 

2, 

412, 

284, 

3, 

1, 

6,980, 

31, 

154, 

547, 

1,074, 

4,284, 

7, 


1890 


11,964,109 

1,021,708' 

78,237 

15,461 

967,927 

1, 435, 775 

4,516 

45,713 

95,738 

6,679 

10 

3,460,439 

» 50, 428 

131,710 

747,668 

184,860 

3,713,347 

3,893 


1909 


918,271, 

1,490, 

183, 

2, 

2,146, 

2,440, 

2, 

422, 

317, 

4, 

2, 

5,368, 

34, 

144, 

386, 

1,075, 

4,239, 

9, 


1899 


92917, 

654 


,270,515 

583,223 

69,632 

12,650 

699, 713 

935,749 

4,306 

44,785 

89,350 

6,407 

12 

852,110 

»  30, 190 

106,018 

392,648 

178,542 

261,148 

4,032 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

The  acreage  of  peanuts  in  1909  was  869,887,  repre- 
senting 0.2  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  farm  acreage 
in  the  country  as  a  whole.  In  the  South  the  propor- 
tion of  the  improved  farm  acreage  that  was  devoted 
to  peanuts  was  0.6  per  cent.  The  total  acreage  of 
peanuts  in  the  United  States  in  1909  was  68.4  per 
cent  greater  than  in  1899,  and  the  production  in  1909, 
19,416,000  bushels,  was  62.3  per  cent  greater  than  10 
years  before. 

The  value  of  the  crop  in  1909,  $18,272,000,  which 
formed  0.3  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  crops, 
was  more  than  two  and  one-half  times  as  great  as 
that  in  1899.  The  average  value  per  bushel  increased 
from  $0.61  to  $0.94.  The  leading  states  in  the  produc- 
tion of  peanuts  are  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Virginia, 
Florida,  and  Alabama,  in  the  order  named,  the  acre- 
age in  each  of  these  states  in  1909  exceeding  100,000. 
Other  states  in  which  there  has  been  a  very  marked 
increase  in  the  acreage  of  peanuts  are  Louisiana, 
Mississippi,  and  Texas. 

Flaxseed. — In  the  United  States  flax  is  raised  pri- 
marily for  the  sake  of  the  seed,  much  less  use  being 
made  of  the  fiber  than  in  some  of  the  other  countries 
where  this  crop  is  grown.  The  production  of  flaxseed, 
as  shown  by  Table  37,  is  almost  wholly  confined  to  the 
North  Central  and  Mountain  divisions. 

The  total  acreage  in  flax  in  1909  was  2,083,142,  or 
0.4  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  farm  acreage  of  the 
country,  and  the  total  production  was  19,513,000 
bushels.     Both  acreage  and  production  in  1909  were 


894 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


slightly  less  than  in  1899,  but  the  value  increased  from 
$19,625,000  in  1899  to  $28,971,000  in  1909,  or  47.6  per 
cent,  the  average  value  per  bushel  increasing  from 
$0.98  to  $1.48.  In  1909  the  value  of  this  crop  repre- 
sented 0.5  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  crops.  The 
values  given  in  the  table  represent  the  seed  only.  The 
Census  Bureau  did  not  undertake  to  ascertain  the  total 
value  of  flax  straw  produced,  but  an  inquiry  was  made 
as  to  the  amount  received  from  sales  of  flax  straw  and 
flax  fiber,  an  item  which  probably  represents  approxi- 
mately the  value  of  the  straw  produced,  since  it  is  used 
but  little  on  the  farm.  The  reported  receipts  from  sales 
of  flax  straw  and  fiber  in  1909  amounted  to  $90,832. 

FLAXSEED— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  37 

STATE. 


TJnited  States 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

HUnois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

New  York 

North  Dakota. . . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota... 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

All  other  states. . 


1909 


.083,142 

240 

2,887 

81 

115 

39 

15,549 

45,014 

312 

261 

358,426 

20,630 

37,647 

2,934 

58 

,068,049 

552 

1,036 

38 

518,566 

9,423 

1,110 

174 


1899 


,110,517 

904 

434 

17,239 

394 

171 

126,453 

192, 167 


566,801 

100,952 

16 

7,652 

159 

773,999 

3,092 

13,544 

2,016 

302,010 

149 

11,263 


219 


PRODUCTION 
(BUSHELS). 


1909 


1899 


19,512,76519, 

1,882! 
13,462 


1,156 

179 

140,906 

302,491 

2,215 

2,943 

3,277,238 

154,532 

447,484 

20,647 

400 

10,245,684 

4,'  " 

9,093 

391 

4,759,794 

14 

118, 793 

5,983 

2,061 


979,492 

12,610 

1,820 

134, 180 

4,336 

1,394 

413,380 

417,770 


9,309 

,895,479 

611,888 

220 

54,394 

1,350 

,766,610 

29,821 

20,110 

8,740 

,452,528 

850 

140,765 


1,938 


1909 


$28,970, 

3, 
17, 

1, 

182, 

327, 

4, 

4, 

4,863, 

168, 

676, 

30, 

15,488, 
6, 
11, 

7,001, 


1899 


167, 
7, 
3, 


554  $19; 

2241 
485 
916 
548 
245 
569 
402 
920 
951 
328 
771 
945 
135 
837 
016 
307 
345 
567 
717 
20 


624,931 

10,559 

1,851 

121,682 

4,705 

1,412 

380, 102 

262,487 


10,108 
1,898,556 
519,929 
268 
53,793 
1,485 
',735,640 
28,935 
116,622 
8,564 
!,  422, 269 
767 
143,239 


1.5 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

The  acreage  of  flax  in  North  Dakota  in  1909  was 
more  than  half  of  the  total  for  the  country.  South 
Dakota  ranked  next  and  Minnesota  third,  while  no 
other  state  had  as  much  as  50,000  acres.  Between 
1899  and  1909  there  was  a  marked  falling  off  in  the 
acreage  of  flax  in  Idaho,  Iowa,  Kansas,  IVIinnesota,  and 
Missouri,  but  a  marked  increase  in  North  Dakota  and 
South  Dakota,  and  in  Montana,  where  the  crop,  which 
was  insignificant  in  1899,  had  become  of  considerable 
importance  in  1909. 

Grass  seed  and  flower  and  vegetable  seeds. — Table 
38  presents  statistics  of  grass  seed  and  flower  and 
vegetable  seeds,  by  states. 

As  already  stated,  the  acreage  from  which  grass  seed 
and  flower  and  vegetable  seeds  were  raised  has  not 
been  tabulated.  In  some  cases  such  acreage  was  not 
reported,  and  in  many  other  cases  it  would  represent 
a  duplication  of  the  acreage  reported  for  hay  and  for- 
age, flowers  and  plants,  and  vegetables.  The  reported 
production  of  flower  and  vegetable  seeds  doubtless 
represents  chiefly  that  of  farms  producing  such  seeds 
for  sale,  small  quantities  raised  by  farmers  for  their 
own  use  presumably  being  often,  if  not   generally, 


omitted.  Since  statements  of  quantity  for  all  classes 
of  flower  and  vegetable  seeds  combined  would  obvi- 
ously have  no  significance,  only  the  total  value  of  these 
seeds  is  shown  in  Table  38.  For  the  country  as  a  whole 
the  value  in  1909  was  $1,411,000.  The  most  impor- 
tant states  in  the  production  of  such  seeds  in  1909 
were  California,  Illinois,  New  York,  and  Ohio. 

GRASS  SEED  AND  FLOWER  AND  VEGETABLE  SEEDS. 


Table  38 


United  States.. 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire . . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


GRASS  seed. 


Production 
(bushels). 


1909 


6,671,348 


1899 


4,865,078 


527 
142 
601 
3,397 
19 
765 

17,879 
12,804 
24,454 

288,605 
165,488 
,289,996 
151,567 
262,301 

945,666 
,118,044 
257,872 
74, 162 
424,623 
120,423 
324,231 

5,878 

15,080 

49,031 

2,645 

2,071 

314 

2,197 

1,136 

612,406 

58,486 

537 

361 

1,180 
11,268 
25,825 
21,351 

14,204 
30,463 
17,411 
51,208 
9,092 
22,598 
52,604 
530 

3,355 
151,016 
25,535 


936 
4' 

168 
167 
536 
314 

11,449 
5,187 
50,122 

388, 721 
525,145 
552, 705 
88,541 
141,766 

561,973 
,292,072 

278, 497 
14,645 
80,196 
49, 972 

281,388 

3,515 

11,100 

25,104 

4,384 

1,646 

221 

506| 

37 

278,680 

84,366 

876 

509 

500 

271 

14,813 

20,492 

1,226 

3,505 

5,080 

13,635 

45 

1,752 

35,367 

157 

837 
26,385 
15,522 


Value. 


1909 


$15,137,683 


1,544 
556 
1,538 
4,163 
39 
2,429 

88,239 
14, 799 
116, 108 

1,352,136 
785, 041 

1, 719, 420 
964,655 

1, 499, 401 

1,496,438 
1, 721, 289 
756,445 
99,024 
594, 570 
451,347 
796,397 

29,928 
72,785 
74,979 
8,726 
4,963 
459 
2,508 
4,290 

538, 219 

92,3Sa 

1,110 

1,028 

4, 
30,343 
149,070 
39,135 

96,103 
172,012 

85,120 
162,822 

46,935 

156,840 

313,814 

3,363 

9,388 
364,852 
206,034 


1899 


$8,228,417 


flower  and 
vegetable  seeds. 


Value. 


1909 


1899 


$1,411, 013  $826, 019 


3,810 
121 
296 
387 

1,235 
248 

47,790 

2,795 

182,500 

1,418,689 

1,820,149 

650,463 

315,000 

446,730 

529,301 
1,215,763 

423,395 
10,054 
30, 141 
69, 782 

292, 597 

14,290 

46,780 

40,600 

16, 1091 

3,921 

243 

442 

37 

198,793 

104,477 

1,027 

1,032 

2,039 

500 

13,332 

13,974 

3,682 

13,785 

20,206 

53,295 

320 

6,958 

127,988 

938 

1,546 
21,460 
69,397 


950 
1,319 
2,670 

291 

2,564 

37,302 

72,991 
53,300 
36,316 

67,303 
8,414 
194,626 
44,106 
42,583 

6,645 
4,853 
17,726 
1,075 
25,914 
39, 737 
20,827 

507 
8,792 
5,583 

190 

2,501 

91 

975 

200 

15,658 

1,668 

240 

19 

836 

3,083 

7,253 

22,932 


760 

5,398 

250 

275 

75 

13,395 

11,113 

151 

700 
10 

37,571 

6,089 

594, 724 


3,082 

855 

463 

40,692 

1,900 

44, 181 

54,148 
43,191 
104,229 

33,989 
8,502 
71,456 
28,700 
15,336 

9,249 

6,044 

15,416 

653 


77,495 
44,431 

1,861 
7,183 
3,384 

750 
8,382 

505 
3,669 
3,622 


458 

1,510 

153 

2,447 

5,000 

14,835 

2,901 


10,330 
900 

11,667 
10,448 
121,896 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

Table  39  shows,  by  geographic  divisions,  for  1909 
and  1899,  the  total  quantity  and  value  of  grass  seed 
produced,  and  also,  for  1909,  the  production  and  value 
of  the  leading  classes.  The  acreage  of  grass  seed  is 
not  shown,  for  the  reason  that  in  most  cases  it  would 
involve  duplication  of  the  acreage  reported  for  the 
grasses  themselves  under  hay  and  forage  crops. 

The  total  value  of  the  grass  seed  produced  in  1909 
was  $15,138,000,  which  constitutes  0.3  per  cent  of  the 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


395 


total  value  of  farm  crops  and  represents  an  increase 
of  84  per  cent  over  the  value  in  1899.  Much  the  larger 
part  of  the  production  of  grass  seed,  considered  as  a 
group,  was  reported  from  the  West  and  East  North 
Central  divisions.     As  measured  by  value,  clover  seed 


is  the  most  important  kind  of  grass  seed,  followed  by 
timothy  and  alfalfa.  The  East  North  Central  division 
leads  in  the  production  of  clover  seed,  the  West  North 
Central  in  that  of  timothy  seed  and  millet  seed,  and 
the  Moimtain  in  that  of  alfalfa  seed. 


GRASS  SEED— PRODUCTION  AND  VALUE. 


Table  39 


TTnited  States 

New  England 

liiddlc  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


AH.  GRASS  SEED. 


Production 
(bushels). 


1909 


6,671,348 

5,451 

55,137 

2.157,957 

3,265,021 

78,352 

671,790 

59,624 

106,110 

179,906 


1899 


Value. 


1909 


4,865,078 

2,168 

66,758 

1,696,878 

2,558,743 

46,513 

364, 431 

26,076 

60,767 

42,744 


115437,683 

10,269 

219, 146 

6,320,653 

5,915,610 

198,638 

632,743 

223,441 

1,037,009 

580,274 


1899 


228. 417 

6,097 
233,  OSo 
651,031 
571.033 
122,422 
305,329 

19.845 
227,172 

92,408 


CLASSES  OF  GRASS  SEED:  1909 


Clover. 


Produo- 
tion 

(bush- 
els). 


Vahie. 


1,025. 816^6. 925, 122 

500j  ■  2,066 
22, 109i  164,201 
746,820  5,021,888 


202,259 
17,365 
8,200 
2,118 
7,931 
18,514 


1,373,395 
115.078 
58,408 
11.375 
55,204 
122,607 


Timothy. 


Produc- 
tion 
(bush- 
els). 


Value. 


2,878,79014,018,951 


1,715 

27,9691 

34.5, 471 ! 

2,455,911 

13,628 

14, 159 

1.497 

15,106 

3,334 


3,868 
47,280 
558.557 
3,329,264 
21,456 
17,052 
2,345 
32, 4.39 
0,690 


Alfalfa. 


Produc- 
tion 

(bush- 
els). 


263,328 


247 

1,058 

85,801 

2 

64 

15, 194 

128.913 

32,049 


Value. 


82,051,840 


2,479 

5,105 

713,339 

20 

516 

147,685 

911,708 

270,988 


Millet. 


Produc-I 
tion 
(bush- 
els). 


Value. 


588, 270 
3,014 
3,483 
35.215 
423,778 
2,293 
49.534 
29.166 
41,699 


8491,566 

2,925 

3,405 

26.282 

338,349 

2,943 

52,308 

32,890 

32,294 

170 


All  other. 


Produc- 
tion 
(bush- 
els). 


1,915,144 

222 

1,329 

1,029,393 

97,272 

45,064 

599,833 

11,649 

4,461 

125,921 


Value. 


$1,650,204 

510 

1.781 

708,821 

161,163 

59, 141 

604,459 

29,146 

5,364 

179,819 


Minor  seeds. — Table  40  shows,  for  1909,  the  acreage, 
quantity,  and  value  of  the  minor  seeds  produced  in 
the  United  States  as  a  whole  and  in  the  states  which 
lead  in  the  production  of  each  kind.  Mustard  seed 
is  used  mainly  as  a  condiment  and  sunflower  seed 
probably  largely  for  poultry  feed,  but  the  other  classes 
of  seeds  are  for  the  most  part  raised  for  the  purpose  of 
planting. 

It  is  probable  that  the  quantities  reported  do  not 
represent  the  entire  production  of  these  classes  of 
seeds,  as  they  were  not  listed  by  name  in  the  census 
schedule.  The  combined  acreage  of  all  these  classes 
of  seeds  in  1909  was  only  81,308,  and  the  total  value 
$769,000.  Of  the  total  acreage  reported,  72,497  were 
devoted  to  sorghum  cane  seed.  The  quantity  pro- 
duced was  reported  to  be  833,707  bushels,  valued  at 
$544,322.  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Texas,  and  Oklahoma 
lead  in  production. 

It  is  believed  that  in  most  cases  the  acreage  shown 
in  this  table  for  seeds  is  separate  from  and  additional 
to  the  acreage  of  the  corresponding  products,  and 
therefore  does  not  involve  duplication. 


MINOR  SEEDS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE: 

1909. 


Table 

40      KIND  or  8RED  AND  STATE. 


Total 

Sorghum  cane  seed,  total 

Colorado 

Ulinois 

Kansas 

Missoori 

Nebraska 

New  Mexico 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

All  other  states 

Mustard  seed: 

California 

Sunflower  seed,  total 

California 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ail  other  states 

Hemp  seed : 

Kentucky 

Chulas  seed: 

Georgia 

Broom  com  seed,  total... 

Illinois 

New  Mexico 

Texas 

All  other  states 

Tobacco  seed,  total 

Pennsylvania 

All  other  states 

All  other  seeds' 


Acreage. 


81,308 


72, 497 

704 

155 

53,706 

4.')6 

7,209 

193 

4,250 

5,483 

341 

1,964 
4,731 

257 
3,969 

430 
76 

663 

481 
1,071 
30 
184 
702 
155 
1 

^'^      1 
(•) 


Production 
(bushels). 


833,707 

9,147 

3,122 

656,522 

6,054 

83,134 

1,021 

30,435 

38,683 

5,689 

»  3, 168, 270 

63,677 

6,865 

49.004 

6,330 

1,488 

5,416 

12,531 
6,833 
1,011 
583 
1,216 
4,023 
1389 
»200 
>189 


Value. 


$768,625 


544,  .',22 

5,799 

1,884 

404,329 

4,775 

46,899 

1,248 

23,079 

60,255 

6,054 

100,731 

58,318 

6,264 

44,539 

5,894 

1,621 

20,007 

28,194 
14, 752 
5,050 
1,627 
3,404 
4,671 
1,789 
1,400 
389 
612 


Exnessed  in  pounds 


*  Less  than  1  acre, 
dudes  golden  seal  seed  and  anise  seed. 


896 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


HAY  AND  FORAGE. 


The  acreage  devoted  to  hay  and  forage  (Table  42)  in 
1909  was  72,281,000  and  in  1899  was  61,691,000,  repre- 
senting an  increase  of  17.2  per  cent.  During  the  same 
period  the  production  increased  from  79,252,000  tons 
in  1899  to  97,454,000  in  1909,  or  23  per  cent,  while  the 
value  of  the  crop  reported  in  1909  was  $824,000,000, 
or  70.2  per  cent  greater  than  that  reported  in  1899, 
$484,000,000.  In  1909  hay  and  forage  occupied  15.1 
per  cent  of  all  improved  farm  land  and  contributed 
15  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  crops.  A  map  on 
page  385  shows  the  distribution  of  the  hay  and  forage 
acreage  among  the  states. 

The  hay  and  forage  acreage  in  1909  was  equal  to  37.8 
per  cent  of  that  devoted  to  all  cereals  and  73.5  per  cent 
of  that  occupied  by  com  alone,  but  was  much  larger 
than  that  of  any  of  the  other  cereals.  It  was  equivalent 
to  15.1  per  cent  of  the  improved  farm  land  of  the 
country,  but  it  may  be  noted  that,  particularly  in  the 
regions  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  considerable  hay  is 
harvested  on  land  which  has  never  been  under  the  plow 
and  which  is  probably  mostly  reported  as  unimproved 
land.  Of  the  hay  and  forage  acreage  reported  in  1900 
over  one-third  was  in  the  West  North  Central  division. 
This  division  has  an  acreage  nearly  twice  as  great  as 
the  East  North  Central,  which  ranks  second,  and  over 
three  times  as  great  as  the  Middle  Atlantic,  which 
ranks  third.  Among  the  states  with  a  large  acreage 
Iowa  and  New  York  are  almost  equally  important, 
each  having  in  excess  of  5,000,000  acres.  One  other 
state,  Nebraska,  has  over  4,000,000  acres,  eight  other 
states  over  3,000,000  acres,  four  more  over  2,000,000 
acres,  and  seven  have  between  1,000,000  and  2,000,000 
acres.  The  crop  is  thus  more  widely  distributed  than 
any  cereal  crop. 

Table  41  gives  the  share  of  each  geographic  division 
and  of  the  more  important  states  in  the  hay  and  for- 
age acreage,  and  the  percentage  which  the  acreage  of 
this  crop  forms  of  the  total  improved  land  in  farms 
in  each  division  and  state,  together  with  the  average 
yield  per  acre  and  the  average  value  per  ton  and  per 
acre. 

Each  of  the  11  states  here  listed  had  at  least  4  per 
cent  of  the  total  hay  and  forage  acreage  in  the  United 
States  for  1909,  and  together  they  contained  58.9  per 
cent  of  this  total.  In  only  3  of  these  states,  Illmois, 
Missouri,  and  Kansas,  does  the  proportion  of  improved 
land  in  farms  which  is  devoted  to  hay  and  forage  fall 
below  the  average  for  the  United  States.  In  New  York 
the  acreage  of  hay  and  forage  is  equal  to  about  one- 
third  of  the  improved  land  in  farms,  in  Wisconsin  and 
Pennsylvania  to  practically  one-fourth,  and  in  South 
Dakota  and  Minnesota  to  about  one-fifth. 

During  the  decade  the  New  England  and  Middle 
Atlantic  divisions  lost  slightly  in  acreage,  but  in  the 
other  divisions  the  gains,  both  absolute  and  relative, 
were  for  the  most   part   considerable.     In  the  two 


divisions  which  lost  in  acreage  there  was  a  decrease 
in  all  the  states  except  Vermont.  In  those  divisions 
which  had  a  greater  acreage  in  1909  than  in  1899  the 
only  states  which  did  not  share  in  the  increase  were 
Indiana  and  Kansas. 


Table  41 


DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


United  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


acreage: 
1909 


Per       Per 

cent  of  cent  of 
United    im- 
States  proved 
total,    land. 


Iowa 

New  York 

Nebraska 

Klansas 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

South  Dakota. 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania. . 
Wisconsin 


100.0 
6.3 
11.8 
20.4 
37.9 
4.0 
3.4 
4.5 
6.9 
5.8 

7.0 
7.0 
6.3 
6.5 
6.6 
6.0 
4.8 
4.6 
4.6 
4.3 
4.3 


15.1 

52.3 

29.1 

16.6 

16.7 

6.9 

6.7 

6.6 

31.2 

19.1 


AVERAGE 

YIELD  IN 

TONS  PEE 

ACRE. 


17.1 
34.0 
18.6 
13.2 
20.1 
14.8 
21.7 
11.9 
17.2 
24.4 
26.9 


The  average  yield  of  hay  and  forage  per  acre  in  the 
United  States  in  1909  was  1.35  tons.  This  average 
was  exceeded  considerably  in  the  Mountain  and 
Pacific  divisions,  but  of  the  more  easterly  divisions 
only  the  East  North  Central  showed  a  yield  larger 
than  the  average.  The  average  yield  per  acre  in  the 
country  as  a  whole  was  slightly  greater  in  1909  than 
m  1899.  In  one  division  only,  the  West  South  Cen- 
tral, was  the  yield  appreciably  smaller  in  1909,  though 
in  three,  the  West  North  Central,  East  South  Central, 
and  South  Atlantic,  it  was  the  same  or  practically  the 
same  in  the  two  years.  In  only  two  of  the  states 
named  in  the  table,  Kansas  and  Itlissouri,  was  the 
yield  per  acre  smaller  in  1909  than  10  years  earlier. 

As  the  result  of  the  increases  in  acreage  or  in  yield 
per  acre  there  was,  in  every  division  except  the 
West  South  Central,  an  increase  in  the  total  yield. 
In  that  division  the  falling  off  in  average  yield  more 
than  balanced  the  effect  of  the  increased  acreage.  In 
the  New  England  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  divisions 
larger  crops  were  harvested  in  1909  than  in  1899,  in 
spite  of  a  decrease  in  acreage.  In  the  East  North 
Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divisions  the  percentages 
of  increase  in  production  were  greater  than  those  in 
acreage.  In  the  West  North  Central  division,  where 
the  largest  crop  was  harvested,  and  in  the  East  South 
Central  and  South  Atlantic  divisions  the  relative  gain 
in  production  follows  closely  that  in  acreage.  The 
unfavorable  conditions  in  the  Southwest  are  reflected 
by  a  decreased  production  in  Oklahoma  and  Texas, 
where  the  acreage  increased.  In  Kansas  there  was  a 
relative  decrease  in  production  greater  than  that  in 
acreage. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


HAY  AND  FORAGE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  42 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


TTnited  States 

Geographic  divlsions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . , 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific i.. 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri...... 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Wasliington 

Oregon 

California 


1909 


1899 


72,280,776     61,691,069 


3, 797, 598 
8,532,793 
14,750,878 
27,398,258 
2,856,398 
2, 487, 554 
3,276,291 
4,965,543 
4,216,463 


l,255,0ir 
829,817 

1,030,618 
519,503 
61,327 
401,322 

6,043,373 

401,315 

3,088,106 

3,306,461 
2,300,579 
3,349,435 
2,715,301 
3,079,102 

3,946,072 
6,046,185 
3,628,348 
2,864,218 
3,436,666 
4,620,034 
3,957,745 

80,669 
398,842 
962 
773,577 
708,900 
376,795 
209,767 
263,167 

54,729 

966,377 
1,052,816 
,  238,656 

229,705 

435, 915 

180,811 

1,347,598 

1,311,967 

1,135,376 
732,886 
585,386 

1,285,064 
368,409 
102,490 
405,394 
350,538 

742, 137 

939,979 

2,533,347 


4,050,025 
8,869,016 
13,528,065 
22, 147, 977 
2,161,201 
1,513,370 
2,370,292 
3,582,660 
3,468,563 


1,270,264 
615,042 

1,006,376 

610,023 

69,776 

478,666 

6,164,965 

444,610 

3,269,441 

3,016,261 
2, 442, 414 
3,34.3,910 
2,328,498 
2, 397, 982 

3,167,600 
4,649,378 
3,481,506 
1,410,534 
2,287,875 
2,823,652 
4,337,342 

74,800 
374,848 
1,228 
612,962 
601,935 
229,998 
106,124 
137,312 

21,994 

683,139 

645,617 

85,363 

99,261 

239, 426 

97,136 

1  1, 095, 706 

938,024 

875,712 
513,656 
380,769 
952,214 
87,358 
92,674 
388,043 
292,134 

497,139 

731, 823 

2,239,601 


Increase. 


Amount.     Perot. 


10,589,707 


17.2 


-252, 427 

-336,223 

1,222,813 

5,250,281 

695, 197 

974,184 

905,999 

1,382,983 

746,900 


-16,243 
-85,226 
24,243 
-90,620 
-8,449 
-77,233 

-111,602 

-43,296 
-181,336 

291,200 

-141,835 

6,525 

386,803 

681,120 

788,382 
396,807 
146,842 
1,453,684 
1,147,781 
1,696,382 
-379,597 

6,869 
23,994 
-266 
160,616 
106,966 
146,797 
103,643 
116,845 
32,736 

283,238 
407,199 
163,303 
130,444 

196,489 
83,676 
251,892 
373,943 

259,664 
219,230 
204,617 
332,850 
281,051 
9,816 
17,351 
58,404 

244,998 
208,156 
293,746 


-6.2 
-3.8 
9.0 
23.7 
32.2 
64.4 
38.2 
38.6 
21.5 


-1.2 
-13.9 
2.4 
-14.8 
-12.1 
-16.1 

-2.2 

-9.7 
-6.6 

9.7 
-6.8 

0.2 
16.6 
28.4 

26.0 
8.5 
4.2 
103.1 
50.2 
60.1 
-8.8 

7.8 
6.4 
-21.7 
26.2 
17.8 
63.4 
97.7 
84.4 
148.8 

41.5 
63.1 
179.6 
131.4 

82.1 
86.1 
23.0 
39.9 

29.7 
42.7 
53.7 
35.0 
321.7 
10.6 
4.5 
20.0 

49.3 
28.4 
13.1 


production  (tons). 


1909 


97,453,736 


4,659,906 
11,302,178 
20, 391, 562 
36, 326, 167 
2,917,870 
2,665,716 
3,383,010 
8,600,736 
7,306,500 


1,113,096 
582,454 

1,502,730 
831,955 
80,306 
549,366 

7,056,429 

669,442 

3,677,307 

4,621,409 
2,880,104 
4,354,466 
3,632,939 
6,002,644 

6,096,747 
7,823,181 
4,091.342 
3,010,401 
3,651,024 
6,776,476 
6,936,907 

103,676 
477,564 
2,148 
823,383 
639,104 
369,332 
186,131 
261,333 
65,300 

957,241 

1,077,836 

251,403 

279,236 

461,817 

245,815 

1,417,533 

1,257,845 

1,692,656 
1,584,365 

853,515 
2,241,566 

431,053 

269, 750 
1,015,913 

521,918 

1,391,664 
1, 587, 796 
4,327,130 


1899 


79,251,562 


4,576,865 
10,551,446 
16,462,276 
29, 696, 529 
2,194,115 
1,563,909 
3,519,416 
5,707,443 
4,979,563 


1, 133, 932 
653,265 

1,329,972 

848,950 

75,410 

536,336 

6,319,475 

465, 137 

3,766,834 

3,629,722 
2,905,608 
3,948,563 
2,703,214 
3,275,169 

4,339,328 
6,600,169 
4,062,199 
1,747,390 
2,378,392 
3,502,380 
7,066,671 

79,303 
415, 197 
2,241 
627,979 
641,084 
246,820 
108,886 
150,224 

22,381 

655,066 
679, 450 
100,061 
129,332 

271,616 

163,443 

11,617,905 

1,466,452 

1,059,268 
899, 125 
462, 101 

1,643,347 
195,324 
177,504 
850,962 
419, 812 

826,897 
1,117,400 
3,035,266 


Increase. 


Amount.     Per  ct 


18,202,173 


83,041 
750,732 
3,929,286 
6,629,638 
723, 755 
1,001,807 
-136,406 
2,893,293 
2,327,027 


-20,837 
-70,811 
172,758 
-16,995 
4,896 
14,030 

735,054 
104,305 
-89,627 

801,687 
-26,604 
405,903 
929,725 
1,727,475 

1,607,419 
1,223,012 
29,143 
1,263,011 
1,272,632 
2,274,095 
-1,129,674 

24,272 

62,367 

-93 

195,404 

98,020 
122, 512 

77,246 
111,  109 

32,919 

302,175 
398,386 
151,342 
149,904 

190,201 

82,372 

-200,372 

-208,607 

633,388 
685,240 
391,414 
598,219 
235, 729 
82,246 
164,951 
102,106 

564,767 

470, 396 

1,291,864 


23.0 


1.8 
7.1 
23.9 
22.3 
33.0 
64.1 
-3.9 
60.7 
46.7 


-1.8 

-10.8 

13.0 

-2.0 

6.6 

2.6 

11.6 
22.4 
-2.4 

24.6 
-0.9 
10.3 
34.4 

52.7 

39.1 
18.5 
0.7 
72.3 
63.6 
64.9 
-16.0 

30.6 
16.0 

-4.2 
31.1 
18.1 
49.6 
70.9 
74.0 

147.1 

46.1 
58.6 
151.2 
115.9 

70.0 

50.4 

-12.4 

-14.2 

59.8 
76.2 
84.7 
36.4 
120.7 
46.3 
19.4 
24.3 

68.3 
42.1 
42.6 


1909 


$824. 004. 877 


59,112,700 

130,611,620 

184, 707, 528 

211,305,443 

37,836,676 

29,644,661 

29, 783, 321 

66,442,108 

74,560,820 


15,115,821 
7,846,143 
16,335,530 
11,280,989 
1,309,717 
7,224,500 

77,360,645 

7,627,402 

46,623,673 

42,367,364 
24,883,461 
40,560,220 
36,040,087 
40,866,396 

26,724,801 
59,360,226 
33,845,094 
12,368,014 
15,243,664 
31,729,691 
32,033,954 

1,174,473 
6,011,749 
25,633 
10,266,998 
7,492,747 
4,781,562 
3, 189, 122 
4,056,907 
847,485 

10,306,344 
12,617,538 
3,367,132 
3,363,647 

4,887,139 
2,433,101 
9,638,648 
12,824,433 

12,344,606 
12,099,963 
6,077,354 
17,282,276 
4,469,709 
2,653,228 
7,429,901 
4,185,071 

17,147,648 
15,225,957 
42,187,215 


1899 


$484, 254, 703   $339, 750. 174 


Increase. 


Amount.     Per  ct. 


43,662,239 
98,297,195 
115,904,044 
105,962,362 
28,926,431 
16,079,741 
14,583,492 
29,424,695 
31,414,504 


10,641,546 
6,336,252 

10, 544, 825 
9,056,854 
1,081,482 
6,001,280 

56,237,446 
6,644,970 
37,514,779 

29,047,532 
20,227,197 
25,568,619 
21,792,987 
19,267,709 

14,586,281 
30,042,246 
20,467,501 
5,182,917 
6,964,229 
11,230,901 
18,499,287 


4,709,072 
22,772 
7,670,082 
5,517,073 
4,242,661 
2,304,734 
3,034,992 
435,297 

6,100,647 
6, 811, 577 
1,707,638 
1,459,879 

1,913,163 

1,353,118 

14,022,761 

7,294,450 

5, 974, 850 
4,238,993 
2,332,028 
8,159,279 
1,427,317 
1, 362, 112 
3,862,820 
2,067,296 

5,831,088 
6,147,018 
19,436,398 


15,450,461 
32,314,425 
68,803,484 
105,343,081 
8,910,245 
13,564,920 
15, 199, 829 
37,017,413 
43,146,316 


4,474,275 
1,509,891 
5,790,705 
2,224,135 
228,235 
1,223,220 

22, 123, 199 
2,082,432 
8, 108, 794 

13,309,832 
4,656,204 
14,991,601 
14,247,100 
21,598,687 

12,139,520 
29,317,979 
13,377,593 
7,185,097 
9,289,435 
20,498,790 
13,534,667 

184,625 

1,302,677 

2,861 

2,586,916 

1,975,674 

539,001 

884,388 
1,021,916 

412, 188 

4,205,697 
5,805,961 
1,649,494 
1,903,768 

2,973,976 
1,079,983 
5,615,887 
5,529,983 

6, 369, 756 
7,860,970 
3,745,326 
9,122,997 
3,042,392 
1,191,116 
3,567,081 
2,117,775 

11,316,560 

9,078,939 

22,750,817 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


398 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


A  considerable  increase  is  noted  in  the  average  value 
per  ton  in  1909  ($8.46)  as  compared  with  1899  ($5.76), 
and  this  combined  with  a  larger  yield  per  acre  resulted 
in  an  even  greater  advance  in  the  value  of  the  crop  per* 
acre.  As  a  result  of  this  fact,  together  with  the  large 
increase  in  acreage,  the  total  value  of   the  hay  and 


forage  crop  in  1909  was  greatly  in  excess  of  that  in 
1899,  representing  an  increase  of  $339,750,000,  or  70.2 
per  cent. 

The  component  elements  of  the  hay  and  forage  crop 
and  their  distribution  among  the  several  geographic 
divisions  are  exhibited  in  Table  43. 


Table  43 

ACREAGE  OF  HAY  AND  FORAGE  AND  THE  CLASSES  THEREOF:  1909 

DIVISION  OR  SECTION. 

AH  hay  and 
forage. 

Timothy 
alone. 

Timothy 

and  clover 

mixed. 

Clover 
alone. 

Alfalfa. 

Millet  or 

Hungarian 

grass. 

other 

tame  or 

cultivated 

grasses. 

Wild,  salt, 
or  prairie 
grasses. 

Grains  cut 
green. 

Coarse 
forage. 

Boot 
forage. 

TTnlted  States 

72,280,776 

3,797,598 
8,532,793 
14,750,878 
27,398,258 
2,856,398 
2,487,554 
3,276,291 
4,965,543 
4,215,463 

14,686,393 

595,037 

2,306,312 

6, 192, 134 

3,942,465 

650, 159 

473,619 

48,779 

335,699 

142,189 

19,542,382 

1,756,188 

4,818,714 

6,508,367 

5,571,387 

917,313 

428,163 

79, 774 

228,273 

234,203 

2,443,263 

15,697 
158,532 
1,168,404 
546,537 
148,312 
287,367 
28,853 
23,310 
66,851 

4,707,146 

1,265 

41,664 

90,220 

1,778,369 

8,710 

41, 784 

290,157 

1,755,526 

699,461 

1,117,769 

32,625 
26,285 
78,322 
581,212 
30,423 
122,550 
183,046 
59,595 
3,711 

4,218,957 

1,100,999 
649,086 
290,262 
464,071 
390, 176 
574,795 
239,018 
330,559 
179,991 

17,186,522 

99,968 

108,292 

588,066 

12,956,493 

104,800 

119,025 

1,064,778 

1,645,734 

499,366 

4,324,878 

79,404 
72,228 
166,318 
242,0-14 
506,161 
340,829 
305,297 
275,606 
2,336,991 

4,034,432 

116,623 

350,697 

666,620 

1,314,807 

100, 141 

99,404 

1,036,556 

302,926 

46,658 

19,034 

New  England 

402 

Middle  Atlantic 

983 

East  North  Central 

2,165 

West  North  Central 

873 

South  Atlantic 

203 

East  South  Central 

18 

West  South  Central. 

33 

8,315 

Padflc 

6,042 

TheNorth 

54,479,527 
8,620,243 
9,181,006 

13,035,948 
1,172,557 

477,888 

17,654,656 

1,425,250 

462,476 

1,888,570 
464,532 
90, 161 

1,911,508 

340,651 

2,454,987 

718,444 
336,019 
63,306 

2,504,418 

1,203,989 

510,560 

13,752,819 
1,288,603- 
2,145,100 

559,994 
1,152,287 
2,612,5<.7 

2,448,747 

1,236,101 

349,584 

4,423 
254 

The  South 

The  West 

14,357 

East  of  the  Mississippi 

West  of  the  Mississippi 

32,425,221 
39,855,555 

10,217,261 
4,469,132 

13,428,745 
6,113,637 

1,777,712 
665,551 

183,633 
4,523,513 

290,205 

827,564 

3,005,318 
1,213,639 

1,020,151 

16,166,371 

1,164,940 
3,159,938 

1,333,485 
2,700,947 

3,771 
15,263 

The  most  prominent  classes  included  in  the  table 
are,  in  the  order  of  importance  as  measured  by  acreage, 
timothy  and  clover  mixed,  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie 
grasses,"  "timothy  alone,"  alfalfa,  grains  cut  green, 
"other  tame  or  cultivated  grasses,"  and  coarse  forage. 

The  table  brings  out  clearly  the  predominance  of 
the  North  in  the  growing  of  hay  and  forage,  the 
area  devoted  to  these  crops  being  over  six  times  as 
great  in  the  North  as  in  the  South.  In  the  West,  also, 
a  somewhat  larger  area  is  devoted  to  these  crops 
than  in  the  South.  The  predominance  of  the  North 
is  evident  in  the  case  of  each  of  the  individual  crops 
except  alfalfa,  grains  cut  green,  and  root  forage,  which 
are  more  extensively  grown  in  the  West  than  else- 
where; these  crops,  together  with  "wild,  salt,  or 
prairie  grasses,"  are  the  only  hay  and  forage  crops 
that  cover  a  greater  acreage  in  the  West  than  in 
the  South.  In  the  West  South  Central  division  there 
is  a  considerable  acreage  of  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie 


grasses"  and  about  the  same  acreage  of  coarse  forage, 
which,  however,  forms  a  much  larger  proportion  of  the 
total,  causing  the  division  to  rank  second  in  the 
acreage  of  the  latter  crop. 

More  than  half  of  the  entire  acreage  in  hay  and 
forage  is  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  but  the  indi- 
vidual crops  are  quite  differently  distributed.  East 
of  the  Mississippi  is  found  by  far  the  greater  part  of 
the  acreage  devoted  to  timothy  alone,  clover  alone, 
timothy  and  clover  mixed,  and  "other  tame  or  cul- 
tivated grasses."  These  classes  cover  an  aggregate 
of  40,891,000  acres,  of  which  28,429,000  are  east  of 
the  Mississippi  River. 

Of  the  other  hay  and  forage  crops  included  in  this 
table,  the  greater  part  of  the  acreage  is  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River.  This  excess  is  considerable  in  the 
case  of  the  important  group  of  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie 
grasses"  and  of  alfalfa,  but  is  not  so  marked  for  the 
other  hay  and  forage  crops. 


VEGETABLES. 


Potatoes  (Table  46). — ^Potatoes  were  harvested  in 
1909  from  3,669,000  acres,  as  compared  with  2,939,000 
acres  in  1899,  an  increase  of  24.8  per  cent.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  production  of  potatoes  increased  42,4 
per  cent,  bemg  in  1909,  389,000,000  bushels,  and  in 
1899,  273,000,000  bushels,  while  the  value  of  the  crop 
increased  in  still  greater  degree,  from  $98,000,000  in 
1899  to  $166,000,000  in  1909,  or  69.2  per  cent.  The 
crop  occupied  0.8  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  of  im- 
proved farm  land  in  1909,  and  represented  3  per  cent 
of  the  value  of  all  crops.  There  is  a  considerable 
acreage  of  potatoes  in  each  of  the  geographic  divi- 
sions, but  more  than  three-fourths  of  the  entire  acre- 
age is  in  the  four  northern  divisions.  Among  the 
states.  New  York  has  the  largest  acreage,  closely  fol- 
lowed by  Michigan. 


The  increase  in  the  acreage  of  potatoes  between 
1899  and  1909  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole  was 
730,000  acres,  or  24^8  per  cent,  in  which  increase  all 
divisions  shared  to  some  extent.  Both  in  the  East 
North  Central  and  in  the  West  North  Central  divisions 
there  were  nearly  150,000  acres  added  to  the  area  har- 
vested. Conspicuous  gains  in  aggregate  acreage  are 
also  noted  in  the  Mountain,  South  Atlantic,  and  Pacific 
divisions.  The  percentage  of  increase  in  potato  acreage 
is  greatest  in  the  Mountain  division,  where  the  acreage 
more  than  doubled.  The  four  divisions  constituting 
the  North  increased  their  potato  acreage  less  rapidly 
than  the  rest  of  the  country.  The  New  England 
division  is  the  only  one  in  this  section  in  which  the 
rate  of  increase  for  the  decade  was  greater  than  the 
average  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


399 


Table   44  gives  percentages  and  averages  derived 
mainly  from  Table  46. 


Table  44       * 

aceeage: 
1909 

!      AVEBAOB 
TIELD  IN 
BUSHELS 

AVEEAOE 
VALUE  PEE 

AVEEAGE 
VALUE  PEE 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Per 
cent  of 
United 
states 
total. 

Per 
cent  of 

im- 
proved 
land. 

PEE  ACEE. 

1909 

i 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

XTnited  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 
Mountain 

100.0 
6.4 
19.9 
30.1 
21.4 
6.5 
3.3 
3.2 
4.6 
4.6 

0.8 
3.2 
2.5 
1.2 
0.5 
0.5 
0.3 
0.2 
1.1 
0.8 

106.1 

176.9 
107.5 
100.9 
91.9 
92.2 
82.1 
63.0 
142.8 
131.4 

93.0 
130.3 
95.2 
84.6 
95.4 
77.2 
63.0 
66.8 
112.8 
129.2 

$0.43 
0.49 
0.48 
0.34 
0.42 
0.64 
0.61 
0.73 
0.36 
0.45 

10.36 
0.43 
0.41 
0.31 
0.26 
0.55 
0.52 
0.60 
0.41 
0.41 

145.36 

74.89 
51.13 
33.84 
38.39 
68.77 
49.70 
46.19 
51.36 
58.71 

933.48 

56.06 
39.34 
26.64 
24.36 
42.49 
33.04 
33.33 
46.43 

Pacific 

63.06 

New  York 

10.7 
10.0 
7.9 
7.1 
6.1 
5.8 
4.6 
3.8 
3.7 
3.0 

2.7 
2.8 
2.4 
2.1 
1.1 
1.1 
0.6 
0.5 
5.8 
0.6 

123.2 
104.6 
110.2 
83.0 
119.8 
95.5 
86.8 
88.1 
210.3 
73.0 

96.2 
75.3 
95.9 
95.5 
99.8 
81.8 
98.4 
94.9 
136.7 
97.8 

0.42 
0.28 
0.25 
0.55 
0.29 
•0.46 
0.45 
0.53 
0.36 
0.47 

0.39 
0.29 
0.24 
0.43 
0.23 
0.42 
0.22 
0.36 
0.38 
0.22 

61.58 
27.13 
27.29 
45.70 
34.36 
44.07 
39.10 
46.37 
75.29 
34.05 

37.90 

21.67 

22.68 

Pennsylvania 

Minnesota 

41.24 
23.24 

Ohio 

34.31 

Iowa 

22.01 

nilnoLs 

34.46 

61.72 

Nebraska 

21.71 

Potatoes  are  grown  on  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the 
improved  farm  land  of  the  country,  but  in  the  New 
England  division  the  proportion  exceeds  3  per  cent 
and  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  it  exceeds  2  per 
cent.  Among  the  leading  states  Maine  shows  much  the 
highest  proportion  of  improved  farm  land  devoted  to 
potatoes,  5.8  per  cent.  Aroostook  County,  Me.,  far 
exceeds  any  other  county  in  the  United  States  in  the 
production  of  potatoes. 

The  yield  per  acre  in  1909  for  the  United  States, 
106.1  bushels,  was  greatly  exceeded  in  the  New  Eng- 
land division.  High  yields  were  also  reported  in  the 
Mountain  and  Pacific  divisions,  while  the  Middle 
Atlantic  and  East  North  Central  divisions  conformed 
more  closely  to  the  average.  Among  the  chief  produc- 
ing states,  Maine  shows  an  extraordinary  yield  per 
acre,  but  the  other  states  do  not  depart  so  widely  from 
the  general  average.  The  yield  per  acre  was  greater 
in  1909  than  in  1899  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole 
and  in  all  divisions  except  the  West  North  Central 
and  West  South  Central. 

The  value  per  bushel  was  higher  in  1909  than  in 
1899  in  the  country  as  a  whole  and  in  all  but  two  of  the 
divisions,  but  the  increase  was  much  less  marked  than 
in  the  case  of  the  cereal  crops.  The  average  value  of 
the  crop  per  acre,  by  reason  of  the  increased  average 
yield,  increased  to  a  somewhat  greater  degree  than  the 
average  valye  per  bushel. 

Sweet  potatoes  and  yams  (Table  47) . — The  acreage 
of  this  crop  in  1909,  641,000,  was  greater  by  nearly 
one-fifth  than  that  of  1899,  537,000.  The  absolute 
increase  was  not  widely  different  in  the  three  southern 
divisions,  though  it  was  smallest  in  the  South  Atlantic 
and  greatest  in  the  West  South  Central.  There  was 
a  wider  difference  in  the  percentage  of  increase,  which 
was  over  three  times  as  great  in  the  West  South  Cen- 
tral division  as  in  the  South  Atlantic.  The  greatest 
absolute  gain  in  acreage  in  any  state  was  in  Louisiana. 


The  production  in  1909  was  59,232,000  bushels  and 
in  1899,42,517,000  bushels,  the  increase  for  the  decade 
being  39.3  per  cent,  a  relative  gain  twice  as  great  as 
that  in  acreage.  The  greatest  absolute  gain  was  in  the 
South  Atlantic  division,  but  the  percentage  of  gain  was 
less  than  that  in  either  of  the  other  southern  divisions, 
though  not  so  much  smaller  as  in  the  case  of  acreage. 

In  the  value  of  the  yield  there  was  a  great  increase, 
the  aggregate  crop  of  1909  being  valued  at  $35,429,000 
(equal  to  0.6  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  crops),  or 
78.3  per  cent  more  than  that  of  1899.  In  the  East 
South  Central  division  the  value  was  more  than  twice 
as  great,  and  in  the  West  South  Central  division  nearly 
twice  as  great,  as  in  1899.  In  the  South  Atlantic  divi- 
sion the  aggregate  value  of  the  crop  was  three-fourths 
greater  than  in  1899. 

Including  insignificant  areas  in  the  New  England 
and  Mountain  divisions,  sweet  potatoes  and  yams,  as 
shown  by  Table  47,  are  represented  in  all  divisions, 
though  the  three  southern  divisions,  led  by  the  South 
Atlantic,  contained  in  1909  over  90  per  cent  of  the 
entire  acreage  of  this  crop.  In  these  divisions  North 
Carolina  and  Georgia  had  each  somewhat  over  84,000 
acres  in  sweet  potatoes  and  yams,  while  Alabama,  Mis- 
sissippi, and  Louisiana  likewise  had  acreages  in  excess 
of  50,000.  Table  45  gives  figures  derived  mainly  from 
Table  47. 


Table  46 


IXnSION  OB  STATE. 


Per 
cent  of 
United 
States 
total. 


United  State!.. . 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. 
West  South  Central. 
All  other  divisions.. 


North  Carolina. 

Georgia 

Alabama 

Louisiana 

Mississippi 


aceeage: 
1909 


100.0 
3.7 
2.1 
2.4 
46.1 
25.1 
19.7 
0.9 


13.2 
13.1 
10.4 
8.9 

8.7 


Per 
cent  of 

Im- 
proved 
land 


0.1 

0.1 


0.6 
0.4 
0.2 
(') 


1.0 
0.7 
0.7 
1.1 
0.6 


AVEEAGE 
VI  ELD  IN 
BUSHELS 
PEE  ACEE. 


1909      1890 


M.4 

139.0 
102.6 
110.3 
100.1 
84.4 
71.4 
(') 


100.2 
88.4 
79.8 
74.6 
79.0 


79.1 
110.4 
65.2 
84.4 
82.9 
69.3 
73.4 
(«) 


84.1 
72.0 
68.0 
68.2 
73.8 


AVEEAOE 

VALUE  PEE 

BUSHEL. 


1909     1899 


$0.60 
0.49 
0.65 
0.66 
0.54 
0.67 
0.69 
(») 


0.51 
0.59 
0.67 
0.55 
0.69 


90.47 
0.61 
0.62 
0.64 
0.42 
0.52 
0.50 
(») 


0.37 
0.46 
0.49 
0.40 
0.62 


AVEEAGE 

VALUE  PEE 

ACEE. 


1909      1890 


965.25 

68.51 
56.54 
71.24 
54.57 
66.71 
49.57 
(«) 


61.14 
61.76 
5.3.72 
41.40 
54.84 


936.98 

65.99 
40.26 
45.62 
34.80 
35.83 
36.69 
(') 


30.84 
33.34 
33.17 
31.41 
38.21 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent 

i  Not  calculated  because  of  unimportance  of  crop. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  South  Atlantic  division 
is  the  only  geographic  division  in  which  these  crops  are 
grown  on  as  much  as  one-half  of  1  per  cent  of  the 
improved  farm  land.  An  average  yield  of  92.4  bushels 
per  acre  was  reported  for  the  coimtry  as  a  whole  in 
1909.  This  was  exceeded  in  the  leading  division,  the 
South  Atlantic,  but  was  not  attained  in  either  of  the 
other  southern  divisions,  where  the  acreage  was  con- 
siderable. In  both  the  South  Atlantic  and  the  East 
South  Central  divisions  the  yield  per  acre  was  greater  in 
1909  than  in  1899.  Better  prices  were  obtained  in  1909 
than  in  1899,  and  this,  combined  with  larger  aver- 
age yields,  brought  about  a  considerably  higher 
value  per  acre  for  the  crop,  which  was  common  to 
all  divisions. 


400  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE 

POTATOES— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  46 

DrViaOK  OR  STATE. 


1909 


United  States 

Oeookaphic  divisions: 

Now  England 

Sflddle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.... 

West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central . . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma •. . . 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


8,668,855 

233,095 
729,323 
1,106,032 
783,813 
239,762 
119,541 
117,761 
169,678 
169,850 


135,799 
17,370 
26,859 
24,459 
4,649 
23,959 

394,319 

72,991 

262,013 

212,803 
99,504 
138,052 
365,483 
290,185 

223,692 
169,567 
98,259 
54,067 
50,052 
111,151 
79,025 

9,703 
39,299 

;  226 
86,927 
42,621 
31,990 

8,610 
11,877 

8,509 

55,750 
40,963 
14,486 
8,342 

29,719 
19,655 
32,295 
36,092 

20,710 
28,341 

8,333 
85,839 

6,230 

1,151 
14,210 

4,864 

57,897 
44,265 
67,688 


1899 


2,938,778 

180,025 
676,403 
957,193 
637, 184 
157,481 
80,138 
72,876 
80,226 
97,252 


71,765 
19,422 
28,353 
27,521 
5,816 
27,148 

395,640 
52,896 

227,867 

167,590 
84,245 
136,464 
311,963 
256,931 

146,659 
175,888 
93,915 
21,936 
33,567 
79,901 
85,318 

5,755 
26,472 
194 
51,021 
30,123 
23,619 
8,068 
8,477 
3,752 

37,160 

27,103 

9,505 

6,370 

26,486 

9,220 

115,360 

21,810 

9,613 
9,313 
2,809 

44,075 

1,122 

626 

10,433 
2,235 

25,119 
30,035 
42,098 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  ct 


730,077 

53,070 
52,920 
148,839 
146,629 
82,281 
39,403 
44,835 
89,452 
72,598 


64,034 
-2,052 
-1,494 
-3,062 
-1,167 
-3,189 

-1,321 
20,035 
34,146 

45,218 
15,259 
1,588 
53,520 
33,254 

77,033 
-6,321 
2,344 
32,131 
16,485 
31,250 
-6,293 

3,948 

12,827 

32 

35,906 

12,498 

8,371 

542 

3,400 

4,757 

18,590 
13,860 
4,981 
1,972 

3,233 
10,435 
16,935 
14,282 

11,097 
19,028 

5,524 
41,764 

5,108 
525 

3,777 

2,629 

32,778 
14,230 
25,590 


24.8 

29.5 
7.8 
15.5 
23.0 
52.2 
49.2 
61.6 
111.5 
74.6 


89.2 
-10.6 
-5.3 
-11.1 
-20.1 
-11.7 

-0.3 
38.0 
15.0 

27.0 
18.1 
1.2 
17.2 
12.9 

52.5 
-3.6 
2.5 
146.5 
49.1 
39.1 
-7.4 

68.6 
48.5 
16.5 
70.4 
41.5 
35.4 
6.7 
40.1 
126.8 

50.0 
51.1 
52.4 
31.0 

12.2 
113.2 
110.3 

65.5 

115.4 
204.3 
196.7 
94.8 
455.3 
83.9 
36.2 
117.6 

130.5 
47.4 
60.8 


PRODUCTION  (bushels). 


1909 


389,194,965 

41,245,977 

78,395,736 

111,606,777 

72,067,551 

22,102,630 

9,816,160 

7,413,887 

24,232,109 

22,314,138 


28,556,837 
2,360,241 
4,145,630 
2,946,178 
552,677 
2,684,414 

48,597,701 

8,057,424 

21,740,611 

20,322,984 
8,905,679 
12,166,091 
38,243,828 
31,968,195 

26,802,948 
14,710,247 
7,796,410 
5,551,430 
3,441,692 
8,117,775 
5,647,049 

880,360 

3,444,311 

32,028 

8,770,778 

4,077,066 

2,372,260 

782,430 

886,430 

856,967 

5,120,141 

2,922,713 

1,128,564 

644,742 

2,096,893 
1,183,525 
1,897,486 
2,235,983 

3,240,696 

4,710,262 

932, 162 

11,780,674 

295,255 

97,141 

2,409,093 

766,826 


1899 


273,318,167 

23,466,222 
64,372,759 
80,988,131 
60,812,316 
12,150,748 
5,051,854 
4,867,562 
9,046,736 
12,661,839 


9,813,748 
2,420,668 
3,547,829 
3,346,590 
843,853 
3,493,534 

38,060,471 

4,542,816 

21,769,472 

13,709,238 
6,209,080 
12,951,871 
23,476,444 
24,641,498 

14,643,327 
17,305,919 
7,786,623 
2,257,350 
2,909,914 
7,817,438 
8,091,745 

414,610 

1,991,357 

15,586 

4,409,672 

2,245,821 

1,636,445 

1  651,916 

553,129 

232,212 

2,661,774 

1,404,097 

587,711 

398,272 

1,783,969 

549,280 

11,191,997 

1,342,316 

1,332,062 

1,035,290 

262,338 

4,465,748 

72,613 

33,927 

1,483,570 

361,188 


7,667,171  3,557,876 
4,822,962  3,761,367 
9,824,005        5,242,596 


Increase. 


Amount.      Per  ct, 


115,876,798 

17,779,755 
14,022,977 
30,618,646 
11,255,235 
9,951,882 
4,764,306 
2,546,325 
15,185,373 
9,752,299 


18,743,089 

-60,427 

597,801 

-400,412 

-291,176 

-809,120 

10,537,230 

3,514,608 

-28,861 

6,613,746 
2,696,599 
-785,780 
14,767,384 
7,326,697 

12,159,621 

-2,595,672 

9,787 

3,294,080 

531,778 

300,337 

-2,444,696 

465,750 

1,452,954 

16,442 

4,361,106 

1,831,245 

735,815 

130,514 

333,301 

624,756 

2,458,367 

1,518,616 

540,853 

246,470 

312,924 
634,245 
705,489 
893,667 

1,908,634 
3,674,972 

669,824 
7,314,926 

222,642 
63,214 

925,523 

405,638 

4,109,295 
1,061,595 
4,581,409 


75.8 
21.8 
37.8 
18.5 
81.9 
94.3 
52.3 
167.9 
77.6 


191.0 
-2.5 
16.8 
-12.0 
-34.5 
-23.2 

27.7 
77.4 
-0.1 

48.2 
43.4 
-6.1 
62.9 
29.7 

83.0 

-15.0 

0.1 

145.9 

18.3 

3.8 

-30.2 

112.3 
73.0 

105.5 
98.9 
81.5 
45.0 
20.0 
60.3 

269.0 

92.4 

108.2 

92.0 

61.9 

17.5 
115.5 
59.2 
66.6 

143.3 
355.0 
255.3 
163.8 
306.6 
186.3 
62.4 
112.3 

115.5 
28.2 
87.4 


1909 


$166,423,910 


17,456,938 
37,292,509 
37,427,211 
30,088,015 
14,091,735 
5,940,784 
5,439,504 
8,715,380 
9,971,834 


10,224,714 
1,204,626 
1,743,049 
1,993,923 
408,429 
1,882,197 

20,338,766 
4,979,900 
11,973,843 

9,377,955 
3,816,126 
6,401,598 
9,  to,  778 
7,917,754 

7,685,259 
6,629,234 
4,470,135 
2,079,125 
1,967,550 
3,785,224 
3,471,488 

453,400 

1,782,954 

20,231 

5,667,557 

2,278,638 

1,755,413 

609,424 

684,427 

839,691 

2,724,043 

1,790,233 

884,497 

542,011 

1,439,991 

924,311 

1,250,052 

1,825,150 

1,298,830 
1,583,447 

524,489 
3,704,768 

234,636 
98,597 

873,961 

396,652 

2,993,737 
2,098,648 
4,879,449 


1899 


$98,380,110 


10,092,191 
26,608,645 
25,501,069 
15,524,932 
6,691,072 
2,647,924 
2,428,721 
3,725,046 
6,160,510 


3,711,999 
1,090,495 
1,333,730 
1,800,937 
440,372 
1,714,658 

15,019,135 
2,192,456 
9,397,054 

5,750,068 
2,463,074 
4,702,033 
6,759,342 
5,826,552 

3,408,997 
3,870,746 
2,756,695 
587,498 
680,530 
1,734,666 
2,485,800 

221,411 

1,020,003 

9,546 

2,494,627 

1,133,381 

862,509 

435,468 

326,853 

187,274 

1,260,100 
817,419 
324,628 

245,777 

855,140 

309,082 

1539,354 

725, 145 

661,163 

442,489 

138,368 

1,717,111 

49,552 

33,928 

487,816 

194,619 

1,312,948 
1,210,034 
2,637,528 


Increase. 


Amount.     Perct, 


$68,043,800 


7,364,747 
10,683,864 
11,926,142 
14,563,083 
7,400,663 
3,292,860 
3,010,783 
4,990,334 
4,811,324 


6,512,715 
114,131 
409,319 
192,986 
-31,943 
167,539 

5,319,631 
2,787,444 
2,576,789 

3,627,887 
1,353,052 
1,699,565 
3,154,436 
2,091,202 

4,276,262 
2,758,488 
1,713,440 
1,491,627 
1,287,020 
2,050,558 
985,688 

231,989 

762,951 

10,685 

3,172,930 

1,145,257 

892,904 

173,956 

357,574 

652,417 

1,463,943 
972,814 
559,869 
296,234 

584,851 

615,229 

710,698 

1,100,005 

637,667 
1,140,958 

386,121 
1,987,657 

185,084 
64,669 

386,145 

202,033 

1,680,789 

888,614 

2,241,921 


I  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


401 


SWEET   POTATOES  AND   YAMS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,   AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES: 

1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  47 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 


tXnited  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Padflc 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illiaois 

West  North  Central: 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Pacotc: 

California 


1909 


641.256 


23,923 

13,300 

15,381 

295,879 

160,756 

126,407 

439 

5,121 


22,604 
1,306 

1,143 
1,561 
10,568 

2,274 
7,938 
4,883 

5,229 
7,956 
40,838 
2,079 
84,740 
48,878 
84,038 
21,995 

11,882 
26,216 
66,613 
56,&15 

22,388 
56,953 
5,056 
42,010 

5,111 


1899 


537, 312 


24,104 

15,394 

17,660 

263,925 

128,586 

87,780 

169 

1,686 


20,588 
"3,443 

3,796 
3,989 
7,534 

2,688 
e,S44 
4,570 

2,265 
6,460 
40,681 
3,393 
68,730 
48,831 
70,620 
22,791 

14, 178 
23,374 
50,865 
38,169 

13,271 
27,372 
«3,576 
43,561 

1,607 


Increase. 


Amount.  Percent 


103,943 


41 

-181 

-2,094 

-2,279 

31,954 

34,170 

38,627 

270 

3,435 


1,916 
-2,137 

-2,653 

-2,428 

3,034 

-414 

-1,906 

313 

2,964 

1,487 

157 

-1,314 

16,010 

47 

13,418 

-796 

-2,296 
2,842 
15,748 
17,876 

9,117 

29,581 

1,480 

-1,551 

3,504 


19.3 


(») 
-0.8 
-13.6 
—12.9 
12.1 
27.0 
44.0 
159.8 
203.7 


9.3 
-62.1 

-69.9 

-60.9 

40.3 

-16.4 

-19.4 

6.8 

130.9 

23.0 

0.4 

-38.7 

23.3 

0.1 

19.0 

-3.5 

-16.2 
12.2 
31.0 
46.8 

68.7 
108.1 

41.4 
-3.6 

218.0 


production  (bushels). 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

Amount. 

Per  cent. 

59,232,070 

42,517,412 

16,7U,6JS8 

39.3 

4,818 

567 

4,251 

749.7 

3,326,190 

2,662,046 

664,144 

24.9 

1,364,256 

1,004,277 

359,979 

35.9 

1,696,111 

1,491,275 

204,836 

13.7 

29,628,153 

21,881,977 

7,746,176 

35.4 

13,573,580 

8,772,133 

4,801,447 

54.7 

9,025,928 

6,439,547 

2,586,381 

40.2 

38,877 

19,064 

19,813 

103.9 

574, 157 

246,528 

327,631 

132.9 

3,186,490 

2,418,641 

767,858 

31.7 

128,770 

234,724 

-105,954 

-45.1 

133,798 

249,767 

-115,969 

-46.4 

178,300 

239,487 

-61,187 

-25.5 

1,060,932 

511,605 

539,237 

105.4 

232,413 

224,622 

7,791 

3.5 

876,234 

743,377 

132,857 

17.9 

558,021 

474,810 

83,211 

17.5 

733,746 

222,165 

511,581 

230.3 

1,065,956 

677,848 

388,108 

57.3 

5,270,202 

4,470,602 

799,600 

17.9 

215,582 

202,424 

13,158 

6.5 

8,493,283 

5,781,587 

2,711,696 

46.9 

4,319,926 

3,369,957 

949,960 

28.2 

7,426,131 

5,-087,674 

2,338,457 

46.0 

2,083,666 

2,049,784 

33,881 

1.7 

1,320,245 

025,786 

400,459 

43.3 

2,504,490 

1,571,575 

932,915 

59.4 

5,314,857 

3, 457, 386 

1,857,471 

63.7 

4,427,988 

2,817,386 

1,610,602 

57.2 

1,685,308 

998,767 

686,641 

68.7 

4,251,086 

1,865,482 

2,385,604 

127.9 

359,451 

•276,163 

83,288 

30.2 

2,730,083 

3,299,135 

-569,052 

-17.2 

672,814 

239,029 

333,785 

139.6 

1909 


136,429,176 

4,543 

1,638,902 

751,929 

1,095,724 

16,146,222 

9,116,510 

6,265,750 

52,596 

357,000 


$19,869,840 

346 

1,349,588 

619,833 

805,669 

9, 183, 650 

4,536,187 

3,220,595 

14,207 

139,765 


1,527,074 
104,434 

104, 181 
139,886 
506,760 

125,763 
567,413 
373,432 

276,679 
483,751 
2,681,472 
170,086 
4,333,297 
2,606,606 
4,349,806 
1,231,238 

839,454 
1,625,056 
3,578,710 
3,073,290 

1,359,069 

2,357,729 

350,553 

2,197,799 

355,624 


1899 


$15,659,336 

4,197 

289, 314 

132,096 

290,055 

6,962,572 

4,580,323 

3, 045, 155 

38,389 

217,235 


1,213,010 
130,990 

158, 103 
155,585 
303,638 

128,981 
424,470 
224,049 

96,566 

317,462 

1,720,188 

125,523 

2,119,956 

1,538,205 

2,354,390 

898,282 

507,038 

883,620 

1,687,039 

1,458,490 

534, 616 

859,733 

•137,231 

1,689,015 

135,612 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  cent, 


314,064 
-26,556 

-53,922 
-15,699 
203,122 

-3, 218 
142,943 
149,383 

180,113 

166,289 

961,284 

44,563 

2,213,341 

1,068,401 

1,995,416 

332,956 

332,416 

741,436 

1,891,671 

1,614,800 

825,053 

1,497,996 

213, 322 

508,784 

220,012 


78.8 

1,210.1 
21.4 
21.3 
36.0 
75.8 
101.0 
94.6 
270.2 
155.4 


25.9 
-20.3 

-34.1 

-10.1 

66.9 

-2.6 
33.7 
66.7 

186.5 
52.4 
55.9 
35.5 

104.4 
69.5 
84.8 
37.1 

65.6 
83.9 
112.1 
110.7 

154.3 
174.2 
155.4 
30.1 

162.3 


1  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 

Other  vegetables  (Table  48). — Except  for  potatoes 
and  sweet  potatoes  and  yams,  which  are  generally 
grown  in  considerable  quantities,  it  is  practically 
impossible  to  obtain  a  correct  total  of  the  acreage, 
production,  or  value  of  individual  kinds  of  vegetables. 
Enumerators  were  instructed  to  obtain  from  every 
farm  a  separate  report  for  any  vegetable  grown  for 
sale  in  considerable  quantities,  and  in  all  cases  to 
ascertain  the  total  acreage  in  vegetables  of  all  classes 
combined,  whether  grown  for  farm  use  or  for  sale, 
and  the  total  value  of  the  product.  It  is  scarcely 
likely,  however,  that  the  total  acreage  and  value 
reported  are  as  accurate  in  the  case  of  vegetables  as 
in  the  case  of  the  major  crops,  since  on  many  farms 
the  production  of  vegetables  is  practically  confined 

72497°— 13 26  + 


« Includes  Indian  Territory. 

to  small  kitchen  gardens.  In  fact,  707,763  farms 
reported  farm  gardens  in  which  vegetables  other  than 
potatoes  were  grown  for  farm  use,  but  failed  to  give 
any  acreage  or  value.  In  all  probability,  therefore, 
the  totals  obtained  from  the  returns  are  understate- 
ments. 

In  tabulating  the  statistics  the  Census  Bureau  has 
distinguished  between  farms  which  reported  the  pro- 
duction in  1909  of  vegetables  (other  than  potatoes 
and  sweet  potatoes  and  yams)  valued  at  $500  or 
more  and  those  on  which  the  product  was  valued  at 
less  than  that  amount.  Farms  of  the  former  group 
usually  produce  vegetables  chiefly  for  sale,  while  on 
a  large  proportion  of  the  other  farms  they  are  raised 
primarily,  if  not  exclusively,  for  home  consumption. 


402 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  acreage  of  vegetables  covered  by  the  table  was 
2,763,269  in  1909,  which  was  equal  to  0.6  per  cent  of  the 
total  improved  farm  acreage  of 'the  country,  and  was 
27.8  per  cent  greater  than  the  acreage  reported  1899. 
The  value  of  the  vegetables  reported  increased  from 
$120,282,000  in  1899  to  $216,257,000  in  1909,  or  79.8 
per  cent,  and  in  1909  constituted  3.9  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  farm  crops. 

The  acreage  of  vegetables  on  farms  which  produced 
at  least  $500  worth  of  vegetables  amounted  in  1909  to 


566,517,  or  a  little  over  one-fifth  of  the  total  acreage  in 
vegetables,  but  the  value  of  the  vegetables  grown  on 
such  farms,  $60,105,000,  represented  27.8  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  reported. 

As  judged  by  the  acreage  and  by  the  value  of  the 
product,  the  South  Atlantic  was  the  most  important 
division  in  the  production  of  miscellaneous  vegetables, 
the  East  North  Central  ranking  second.  The  produc- 
tion of  vegetables  is,  however,  widely  distributed  over 
the  entire  country. 


VEGETABLES  (EXCLUDING  POTATOES  AND  SWEET  POTATOES  AND  YAMS)— ACREAGE  AND  VALUE. 


Table  48 

produced  on  all  farms  taken 
together. 

PRODUCED  ON 
FARMS  REPORTING 
A  PRODUCT  VALUED 

DIVISION  or 

STATE. 

produced  on  all  farms  taken 
together. 

PRODUCED  ON 
FARMS  REPORTING 
A  PRODUCT  VALUED 

DIVISION  OR 
STATE. 

Acreage. 

Value. 

AT  $500  OR  over: 
1909 

Acreage. 

Value. 

AT  $500  OR  OVER: 

1909 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

Acre- 
age. 

Value. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

Acre- 
age. 

Value. 

TTnlted  States.. 

2,763,269 

2,162,130 

$216,257,068 

$120,281,811 

666,517 

$60,104,504 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Dist.  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia . . 
North  Carolina . 
South  Carolina . 

Georgia 

Florida 

22,939 
108,084 
964 
124,354 
43, 624 
95,980 
61,994 
91,413 
67,600 

115,007 
100,055 
69,468 
61,223 

60,261 

38,221 

51,011 

124,690 

7,300 
10,029 
2,933 
32,422 
8,219 
4,302 
7,006 
1,952 

24, 410 
23,129 
79,163 

23,987 
100,403 
985 
99,002 
29,290 
64,698 
40,771 
73,907 
26,762 

83,634 
76,408 
65,822 
60,689 

46,355 

26,506 

133,463 

111,899 

4,272 
6,332 
1,431 
16,496 
4,034 
2,192 
6,023 
924 

13,848 
16,345 
32,401 

$1,102,620 
6,729,400 
167, 376 
8,989,467 
4,519,894 
6,496,308 
3,705,991 
5,580,368 
6,314,313 

8,287,497 
7,015,686 
5,379,677 
5,868,275 

4,843,442 
3,000,864 
2,610,239 
8,099,306 

928,906 
1,007,667 
332, 120 
2,349,634 
667,164 
379,293 
717,776 
264,122 

2,988,610 
2,448,917 
6,886,885 

$826,244 
3,978,267 
87, 616 
4, 868, 459 
1,697,028 
3,121,492 
2,091,174 
3,053,898 
1,954,802 

4,418,816 
3,445,653 
2,642,666 
2,831,710 

2,245,587 

1,753,850 

11,439,614 

5,260,638 

378,792 
391,316 

87,882 

1,131,950 

207,424 

136,508 

396,099 

98,781 

1,040,668 
1,074,468 
2,858,832 

3,710 

59,762 

862 

19,512 

1,769 

6,281 

9,228 

9,492 

33,482 

4,227 
3,624 
3,846 
4,302 

1,176 
6,603 
1,819 
19,439 

1,046 

1,026 

228 

8,836 

$239,450 

2,713,405 

154,729 

1,876,624 

193,266 

440,363 

797, 547 

596,069 

4, 697, 220 

Geographic  divs.: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic. 
E.N.  Central.... 
W.N.  Central... 
South  Atlantic... 

E.S.  Central 

W.S.  Central.... 

101,436 
355,740 
519,003 
369, 447 
596,852 
345,753 
274,173 
74,163 
126,702 

79,793 
301,223 
406,704 
328,731 
459, 705 
265,453 
217,223 
40,704 
62,594 

12,888,885 
33,543,797 
39,164,621 
24,078,158 
42,605,737 
26,551,035 
18,553,851 
6,546,672 
12,324,312 

7,808,535 
21,981,048 
21,890,473 
15,081,722 
21,678,980 
13,338,645 
10,699,689 
2,828,751 
4,973,968 

27,380 
129,547 
106,443 
36,410 
144,088 
15,999 
29,036 
16,240 
61,374 

5,987,028 
15,458,878 
10,532,517 
2,937,542 
11,707,673 
1,684,997 
3,025,167 
2,308,016 
6,462,686 

Mountain 

Pacific 

E.  S.  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

W.  S.  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

447,345 

New  England: 
Maine 

25,288 
8,855 
8,548 

37,220 
5,275 

16,250 

175,402 
86,227 
94,111 

123,461 
114,267 
120,291 
90,861 
70,123 

46,021 
80,402 
129,570 
13,383 
15,150 
36,164 
48,757 

20,012 
7,357 
5,131 

29,779 
5,165 

12,349 

144,318 
77,779 
79,126 

103,346 
95,434 

110,845 
57,501 
39,678 

28,361 
83,193 
116,236 
4,289 
7,954 
34,532 
54,166 

2,153,003 
1,071,551 

872, 183 
6,189,857 

636,656 
1,965,635 

15,963,384 
7,566,493 
10,013,920 

11,393,791 
7,498,024 
9,392,2% 
6,286,645 
4,593,865 

3,359,052 
5,266,411 
8,268,281 
1,069,125 
1,033,163 
2,118,393 
2,963,733 

1,245,235 
627,271 
371,744 

3,745,348 
552,035 

1,266,902 

10,656,068 
5,020,130 
6,304,860 

6,446,236 
4,524,435 
5,304,903 
3,394,265 
2,220,634 

1,503,401 
3,509,127 
5,544,337 
256,206 
389,717 
1,438,629 
2,440,305 

1,534 

904 

832 

17,269 

2,105 

4,736 

59,208 
62, 492 
17,847 

26,226 
16,829 
36,796 
11,933 
14,660 

6,196 
14,437 

8,648 
321 
667 

2,664 

4,488 

277,204 
158,447 
111,530 
4,277,296 
360,995 
801,666 

7,661,639 
5,186,969 
2,710,270 

3,259,193 
1,327,017 
3,291,585 
1,528,349 
1,126,373 

614,895 
773,011 
860,488 
41,109 
82,852 
182,924 
382,263 

343,784 
420,322 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . . 
Rhode  Island  . . . 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

473,646 

121,472 

731,573 

131,364 

2,040,76& 

236,693 
194,239 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania  ... 
E.  N.  Central: 
Ohio 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho  

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

61,687 
1.110.421 

Indiana 

984!      '  1 44'.  4a'i 

Illinois 

1,670 

1,630 

920 

4,154 
3,861 
63,369 

184, 623 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  N.  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

225,613 
160,373 

964, 00& 

672,679 

4,836,001 

Nevada  

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon        . .  . 

Missouri 

California 

North  Dakota . . . 
South  Dakota . . . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

TOBACCO. 


Detailed  statistics  concerning  the  tobacco  crop  of 
1909,  with  comparative  figures  for  1899,  are  given  in 
Table  50.  Table  49  gives  percentages  and  averages 
for  the  important  producing  divisions  and  states,  based 
mainly  on  Table  50. 

The  tobacco  crop  is  more  localized  than  most  other 
staple  crops.  In  the  aggregate,  1 ,294,91 1  acres  were  in 
tobacco  in  1909,  representing  0.3  per  cent  of  the 
improved  farm  acreage  of  the  country.  In  the  distri- 
bution of  this  acreage,  the  East  South  Central  division, 
containing  43.3  per  cent  of  the  total,  led  all  others. 
This  figure  was  closely  approximated,  however,  by  the 
South  Atlantic  division,  which  contained  37.6  per  cent 
of  the  total  acreage.  The  combined  acreage  in  the 
East  North  Central  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions  was 
only  about  half  as  great  as  that  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division  alona    The  acreage  of  tobacco  in  New  England 


was  small  and  that  in  the  region  west  of  the  Mississippi 
was  quite  insignificant.  The  state  of  Kentucky  had 
the  greatest  area  in  tobacco — 469,795  acres.  North 
Carolina  was  next  in  order,  but  had  an  acreage  less 
than  half  that  of  Kentucky.  The  only  other  states 
having  an  acreage  in  excess  of  100,000  were  Virginia 
and  Ohio.  These  four  states  had  three-fourths  of  the 
entire  acreage  devoted  to  this  crop. 

The  proportion  of  the  improved  farm  land  in  to- 
bacco was  larger  in  the  East  South  Central  divi- 
sion (1.3  per  cent)  than  in  any  other,  though  in  the 
South  Atlantic  division  it  was  only  slightly  less  (1  per 
cent).  The  leading  states  exceeded  this  proportion 
considerably. 

In  1909,  as  compared  with  1899,  there  was  an  in- 
crease in  the  area  in  tobacco  of  193,451  acres,  or  17.6 
per  cent.     In  the  division  having  the  largest  acreage, 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


403 


the  East  South  Central,  the  gain  was  over  100,000 
acres,  or  22.4  per  cent.  An  absolute  gain  about  half 
as  great  occurred  in  the  East  North  Central  division, 
where  the  relative  increase  was  nearly  50  per  cent.  It 
is  noticeable  that  in  the  South  Atlantic  division  the 
increase  was  much  less,  amounting  to  only  4.6  per  cent. 
Next  to  Kentucky,  where  the  acreage  in  1909  was 
84,990  more  than  in  1899,  the  greatest  gain  was  in  Ohio. 


Table  49 

acbeaoe: 
1909 

AVEBAOE 
YIELD  IN 
POUNDS 

AVERAGE 
VALUE  PER 

AVERAGE 
VALUE  PER 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Per 
cent  of 

United 
States 
total. 

Per 
cent  of 

im- 
proved 
land. 

PER  ACKE. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

TTnited  States... 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
All  other  divisions.. 

100.0 

1.7 

3.6 

13.3 

37.6 

43.3 

as 

0.8 
0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
1.0 
1.3 
(') 

816 

1,746 
1,123 
919 
686 
834 
(») 

788 

1,675 

1,420 

1,035 

645 

794 

(») 

80.10 

a  15 

0.08 
0.10 
0.10 
0.10 

(») 

80.07 
0.17 
0.07 
0.07 
0.06 
0.06 
(») 

880.66 
260.75 
94.41 
87.71 
67.38 
81.26 
(«) 

861.74 

288.59 
105.75 
71.66 
39.99 
46.63 
(«) 

Kentucky ;. 

36.3 
17.1 
14.3 

a2 

3.3 
2.6 
1.9 
0.6 

848 
626 
717 
832 

817 
628 
607 
923 

0.10 
0.10 
0.09 
0.10 

0.06 
0.06 
0.0C 
0.07 

84.86 
62.41 
65.63 
84.51 

4a  19 

North  Carolina 

Virginia 

39.59 
39.11 

Ohio 

68.10 

»  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

*  Not  calculated  becaase  of  unimportance  of  crop. 


The  production  in  1909  was  1,056,000,000  pounds 
and  was  greater  by  31-6  per  cent  than  that  in  1899, 
868,000,000  pounds.  The  greatest  absolute  increase 
was  in  the  East  South  Central  division,  but  larger  per- 
centages of  increase  are  noted  in  the  case  of  the  West 
North  Central  and  New  England  divisions. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  in  1909  was  815  pounds. 
In  New  England  it  was  more  than  double  this  amoimt, 
and  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  East  North  Central  divi- 
sions it  was  considerably  higher  than  the  average.  In 
these  divisions  tobacco  is  grown  in  limited  areas  pecu- 
liarly adapted  to  its  cultivation.  As  compared  with 
1899,  the  United  States  as  a  whole  and  each  of  the  divi- 
sions except  the  Middle  Atlantic  and  East  North  Central 
show  a  larger  yield  per  acre  in  1909,  indicating  a  greater 
relative  increase  in  the  production  than  in  the  acreage. 

The  average  value  per  pound  was  greater  in  1909 
than  in  1899,  and  this,  combined  with  an  increased 
yield  per  acre,  brought  about  a  very  marked  increase 
in  the  value  per  acre.  The  total  value  of  the  crop  was 
much  greater  in  1909  ($104,303,000)  than  m  1899 
($56,988,000).  The  value  of  tobacco  constituted  1.9 
per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops  in  1909. 


TOBACCO— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 
[A  minus  sign  (— }  denotes  decrease.    States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  SO 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  states. 


Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central.... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Missouri 

South  Atlantic: 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia , 

North  Carolina , 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


1909 


1,294,911 


21,745 

45,852 

in,  973 

6,709 

487,411 

560,523 

1,683 

11 

4 


5,521 
16,042 

4,109 
41,742 

106,477 

23,694 

1,313 

40,458 

5,433 

26,072 

185,427 

17,928 

221,890 

30,082 

2,025 

3,987 

469,795 
90,468 


1899 


1,101,460 


14,212 

39,069 

115,810 

4,706 

465,754 

457,998 

3,857 

8 

46 


Increase. 


Amount.    Per  ct 


193,461 


3,826 
10, 119 

11,307 
27,760 

71,422 
8,219 
2,242 

33,830 

4,361 

42,911 

184,334 

5,129 

203,023 

25,993 

2,304 

2,056 

384,805 
71,849 


7,533 

6,783 

56,163 

1,003 

21,657 

102,525 

-2,174 

3 

-42 


17.6 


1,095 
5,923 

-7, 198 
13,982 

35,055 

15,475 

-929 

6,628 

1,072 

-16,839 
1,093 
12,799 
18,867 
4,089 
-279 
1,931 

84,990 
18,619 


53.0 
17.4 
48.5 
21.3 
4.6 
22.4 
-56.4 
(') 
0) 


44.3 
58.6 

-63.7 
50.4 

49.1 

188.3 

-41.4 

19.6 

24.6 

-39.2 

0.6 

249.5 

9.3 

15.7 

-13.1 

93.9 

22.1 
25.9 


PEODTTCTION  (POUNDS). 


1M» 


1,066, 764, 8M 


37,961,893 

51,510,925 

157,959,785 

5,704,572 

334,569,496 

467,348,072 

700,915 

3,457 

5,691 


9,549,306 
28,110,453 


1899 


888,112,866 


Increase. 


Amount.       Per  ct. 


187,661,941 


23,810,624 

55,461,710 

119,851,780 

3,349,811 

300,194,090 

363,820,310 

1,592,830 

2,510 

29,300 


6,406,570 
16,930,770 


5,345,035       13,958,370 
46,164,800       41,502,620 


88,603,308 

21,387,824 

1,029,616 

46,909,182 

5,372,738 

17,845,699 
132,979,390 
14,356,400 
138,813,163 
25,583,049 
1,485,994 
3,505,801 

398,482,301 
68,756,599 


14,151,369 

-3,950,785 

38,108,005 

2,354,761 

34,375,406 

103,527,762 

-891,915 

947 

-23,609 


65,957,100 
6,882,470 
l,4f7,150 

45,500,480 

3,041,996 

24,589,480 
122,884,900 
3,087,140 
127,503,400 
19,895,970 
1,105,000 
1,125,600 

314,288,050 
49,157,550 


3,142,736 
11,179,683 

-8,613,335 
4,662,180 

22,646,208 

14,505,354 

-417,534 

1,408,702 

2,330,742 

-6,743,781 
10,094,490 
11,269,260 
11,309,763 
5,687,079 
380,394 
2,380,201 

84,194,251 
19,599,049 


21.6 


59.4 
-7.1 
31.8 
70.3 
11.5 
28.5 

-56.0 
37.7 

-80.6 


1909 


8104,302,866 


49.1 
66.0 

-61.7 
11.2 

34.3 

210.8 

-28.9 

3.1 

76.6 

-27.4 

8.2 

365.0 

8.9 

28.6 

34.4 

211.5 

26.8 
39.9 


5,670>002 

4,328,854 

15,082,892 

713,321 

32,843,156 

45,548,716 

114,452 

778 

685 


1899 


866,987,902 


1,218,060 
4,415,948 

402,517 
3,926,116 

8,998,887 

2,145,193 

80,389 

3,855,033 

676,479 

1,457,112 
12,169,086 

1,923,180 
13,847,659 

2,123,576 
297, 167 

1,025,476 

39,868,753 
5,661,681 


4,101,428 

4,131,623 

8,298,696 

245,720 

18,627,038 

21,355,283 

222,392 

408 

5,308 


Increase. 


Amount.     Per  ct, 


847,314,954 


956,399 
3,074,022 

1,172,236 
2,959,304 

4,864,191 

445,658 

85.411 

2,898,091 

218,991 

>  1,438,169 

7,210,195 

228,620 

8,038,691 

1,297,293 

159,659 

254,211 

18,541,982 
2,748,495 


1,568,574 

197,231 

6,784,196 

467,895 

14,216,118 

24,193,433 

-107,940 

370 

-4,623 


83.0 


261,661 
1,341,926 

-769,719 
966,812 

4,134,696 

1,699,535 

-5,022 

956,942 

457,488 

18,943 

4,958,891 

1,694,560 

5,808,868 

826,283 

137,508 

771,265 

21,326,771 
2,013,186 


38.2 

4.8 

81.7 

190.3 

76.3 

113.3 

-48.5 

90.7 

-87.1 


27.4 
43.7 

-65.7 
32.7 

85.0 
381.4 
-5.9 

33.0 

208.9 

1.3 

68.8 
741.2 
72.3 
63.7 
86.1 
303.4 

115.0 
106.0 


'  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 


*  Corrected  from  1900  Report  on  Agriculture,  Part  II. 


404 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


COTTON  AND  COTTON  SEED. 


Cotton  (Table  52).— Of  the  32,043,838  acres  of  cot- 
ton harvested  in  1909,  the  West  South  Central  divi- 
sion contained  nearly  half,  the  South  Atlantic  division 
28.1  per  cent,  and  the  East  South  Central  division 
24.7  per  cent.  Though  cotton  is  reported  from  three 
otlier  divisions,  the  acreages  are  comparatively  insig- 
nificant. There  are,  however,  three  counties  in  south- 
eastern Missouri  ia  which  the  cotton  acreage  is 
considerable.  Texas,  with  nearly  10,000,000  acres, 
has  considerably  over  one-fourth  of  the  total  area 
in  this  crop,  and  Georgia  has  about  half  the  acre- 
age of  Texas,  while  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  which 
follow  in  the  order  named,  have  each  more  than 
3,000,000  acres  in  cotton.  The  four  states  named 
report  about  70  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage. 
The  accompanying  map  shows  graphically  the 
distribution  of  the  cotton  acreage  among  the 
states. 

The  promiuence  of  cotton  in  the  agriculture  of  the 
South  is  mdicated  by  the  large  percentages  of  the 
total  improved  land  occupied  by  this  crop  in  the 
southern  divisions,  as  shown  by  Table  51.  In  the 
South  as  a  whole  cotton  occupied  21.2  per  cent  of 
the  improved  farm  land.  In  each  of  the  four  states 
shown  in  Table  51  the  cotton  acreage  exceeds  one- 
third  of  all  the  improved  land  in  farms. 


The  area  in  cotton  increased  from  1899  to  1909  by 
7,768,737  acres,  or  32  per  cent.  Of  this  gain  more 
than  half  was  reported  from  the  West  South  Central 
division,  there  being  a  gain  of  nearly  3,000,000  acres 
in  the  state  of  Texas  and  of  over  1,000,000  acres  in 
the  state  of  Oklahoma.  A  gain  of  over  1,000,000 
acres  was  reported  in  Georgia.  The  percentage  of 
increase  in  the  West  South  Central  division  exceeded 
that  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  and  that  in 
the  South  Atlantic  division  almost  equaled  it,  but 
the  rate  of  gain  in  the  East  South  Central  division  was 
considerably  less. 


Table  51 

acreage: 
1909 

AVEKAGE 

YIELD  IN 

BALES  PER 

ACRE. 

AVERAGE 

VALUE  PEE 

BALE. 

AVERAGE 
VALUE  PER 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Per 
cent  of 
United 
States 

total. 

Per 
cent  of 

im- 
proved 
land. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

United  states . . 

West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central. 
All  other  divisions. . 

100.0 

0.3 
28.1 
24.7 
46.9 
0) 

6.7 
0.1 
18.6 
18.0 
25.8 
0) 

0.33 

0.56 
0.45 
0.32 
0.27 

(2) 

0.39 

0.56 
0.39 
0.39 
0.39 
(«) 

$66.07 

62.25 
63.45 
69.53 
66.56 
(2) 

$33.96 

33. 20 
33.59 
34.85 
33.62 

$21.96 

35.14 
28.28 
22.15 
17.98 
(2) 

$13.34 

18.61 
13.26 
13.77 
13.09 

Texas 

31.0 
15.2 
11.6 
10.6 

36.3 
39.7 
38.5 
37.7 

0.25 
0.41 
0.30 
0.33 

0.36 
0.37 
0.35 
0.45 

66.28 
63.59 
65.70 
73.77 

33.65 
33.02 
33.43 
36.03 

16.39 
25.94 
19.89 
24.45 

13.90 

13.94 

13.14 

Mississippi 

18.65 

1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

2  Not  calculated  because  of  unimportance  of  crop. 


COTTON— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS  AND  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.    States  are  not  named  when  the  acreage  was  less  than  1,000  in  1909.] 


Table  62 

ACREAGE. 

production  (running  bales). 

VALUE. 

DIVISION  OR  STATE. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

1909 

1899 

Increase. 

Amount. 

Per  ct. 

Amount. 

Per  ct. 

Amount. 

Per  ct. 

TTnlted  States 

32,043,838 

24,275,101 

7,768,737 

32.0 

10,649,268 

9,534,707 

1,114,561 

11.7 

$703,619,303 

$323,758,171 

$379,861,132 

117.3 

OEOGRApmc  DrvisioNs: 
West  North  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.... 
West  South  Central... 
Mountain 

96,563 

9,002,776 

7,926,019 

15,017,347 

809 

324 

45,749 

6,842,489 

6,725,588 

10,661,219 

56 

50,814 

2,160,287 

1,200,431 

4,356,128 

753 

324 

111.1 
3L6 

17.8 
40.9 
(>) 

54,508 

4,012,942 

2,524,714 

4,066,704 

217 

183 

25,646 

2,701,766 

2,656,599 

4,150,658 

38 

28,862 

1,311,176 

-131,885 

-93,954 

179 

183 

112.5 
48.5 
-5.0 
-2.3 
(') 

3,393,040 

254,636,995 

175,543,582 

270,018,704 

15,238 

11,744 

851,478 

90,769,736 

92,590,366 

139,554,349 

2,243 

2,641,562 

163,877,260 

82,953,216 

130,464,355 

12,995 

11,744 

298.6 
180.6 
89.6 
93.5 
679.4 

Pacific 

West  North  Central: 
Missouri 

96,527 

25,147 

1,274,404 

2,556,467 

4,883,304 

263,454 

7,811 

787,516 

3,730,482 

3,400,210 

2,153,222 

957,011 

1,976,935 

9,930,179 

45,696 

25,724 

1,007,020 

2,074,081 

3,513,839 

221,825 

2,396 

623,137 

3,202,135 

2,897,920 

1,641,855 
1,376,254 
«  682, 743 
6,960,367 

50,931 

-577 

267,384 

482,386 

1,369,405 

41,629 

5,415 
164,379 
528,347 
502,290 

511,367 
-419,243 
1,294,192 
2,969,812 

111.7 

-2.2 
26.6 
23.3 
39.0 
18.8 

226.0 
26.4 
16.6 
17.3 

31.1 

-30.5 

189.5 

42.7 

54,498 

10,480 

665,132 

1,^279,866 

1,992,408 

65,056 

3,469 

264,562 

1,129,527 

1,127,156 

776,879 

268,909 

555,742 

2,455,174 

25,576 

10,789 

459,707 

881,422 

1,287,992 

61,856 

1,369 

234,592 

1,100,840 

1,313,798 

709,880 

709,041 

« 225, 525 

2,506,212 

28,922 

-309 
205,426 
398,444 
704,416 

3,200 

2,100 

29,970 

22,687 

-186,642 

66,999 

-440, 132 

330,217 

-51,038 

113.1 

-2.9 
44.7 
45.2 
64.7 
5.2 

153.4 

12.8 

2.0 

-14.2 

9.4 
-62.1 
146.4 
-2.0 

3,392,440 

695,721 

42,066,099 

80,337,945 

126,695,612 

4,841,581 

223,024 
17,966,517 
74,205,236 
83,148,805 

54,559,503 
17,324,804 
35,399,356 
162,735,041 

849,199 

346,600 
15,696,952 
29,590,152 
42,634,235 
2,591,796 

52,812 
8,192,642 
37,004,598 
47,340,314 

24,671,445 
23,523,143 
"7,027,048 
84,332,713 

2,643,241 

349, 121 
26,369,147 
60,747,793 
84,161,377 
2,249,785 

170,212 
9,773,875 
37,200,638 
35,808,491 

29,888,058 
-6,198,339 
28,372,308 
78,402.328 

299.5 

South  Atlantic: 
Virginia  ,        ,    , 

100  7 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

168.0 
171.5 
197  9 

Florida 

86  8 

East  South  Central: 
Kentucky 

322  3 

Tennessee. .    , 

119  3 

Alabama 

100  6 

Mississippi 

75  6 

West  South  Central: 
Arkansas 

121  1 

Louisiana 

-26.3 
403.8 
93.0 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

'  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 


» Includes  Indian  Territorv. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


405 


The  total  production  of  cotton  in  1909  was  10,649,000 
bales,  an  increase  of  1,115,000  bales,  or  11.7  per  cent, 
over  that  of  1899.  The  yield  of  cotton  was  0.33  bale 
per  acre  in  1909,  as  against  0.39  bale  per  acre  in  1899. 
In  each  of  the  southern  divisions,  except  the  South 
Atlantic,  there  was  a  smaller  average  yield  in  1909  than 
10  years  earlier.  As  a  result  the  relative  gain  in  pro- 
duction for  the  country  is  less  than  the  relative  gain  in 
acreage.  Two  divisions,  the  East  and  West  South 
Central,  reported  a  smaller  crop  than  10  years  pre- 
viously. -On  the  other  hand,  in  the  South  Atlantic 
division  the  crop  increased  nearly  one-half. 


The  average  value  of  cotton  per  bale,  which  was 
$33.96  m  1899,  was  S66.07  in  1909,  an  advance  of  nearly 
95  per  cent.  Hence,  with  an  increased  production, 
the  total  value  of  the  cotton  crop  in  1909,  $703,619,000, 
was  larger  than  that  of  1899  by  $379,861,000,  or  117.3 
per  cent.  The  increase  in  the  value  of  the  crop  was 
sufficient  to  offset  losses  in  acreage  and  yield,  except 
in  Louisiana. 

The  value  of  the  cotton  crop  of  1909  was  12.8  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops  for  the  country  as  a 
whole;  for  the  South  alone  cotton  represents  36.6  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops. 


COTTON. 

ACREAGE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


Cotton  seed  (Table  53) . — The  agricultural  schedules 
of  1910  and  1900  did  not  call  for  the  quantity  of  cot- 
ton seed  produced  or  its  value,  but  the  schedule  of  1910 
called  for  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  cotton  seed 
sold  during  1909.  It  was  believed  that,  for  various 
reasons,  it  would  be  impossible  for  many  farmers 
to  report  accurately  the  total  quantity  of  cotton  seed 
produced.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  the  sales  of 
cotton  seed  are  much  less  than  the  total  produc- 
tion, it  seemed  desirable  to  make  a  rough  estimate  of 
the  total  quantity  and  value  of  cotton  seed  produced. 
It  has  been  the  usual  custom  among  farmers  and  in 
the  cotton  trade  to  assume  that  (in  the  case  of  upland 
cotton,  which  constitutes  the  great  bulk  of  the  crop) 
about  one-third  of  the  weight  of  the  seed  cotton  is 
lint  and  two- thirds  seed.  Although  during  recent 
years  the  ratios  have  probably  been  nearer  35  per 
cent  lint  and  65  per  cent  seed,  the  bureau  has  made 
its  estimates  of  the  production  of  cotton  seed  on  the 


more  customary  basis.  It  has  further  assumed  for 
convenience  that  a  bale  of  cotton  as  reported  by  the 
farmer  contains  500  pounds  of  lint  cotton,  which  is 
probably  a  slight  exaggeration,  inasmuch  as  no  allow- 
ance is  made  for  bagging  and  ties.  The  production  of 
cotton  seed. by  counties  and  states,  and  for  the  South 
as  a  whole  has,  in  other  words,  been  estimated  by  the 
simple  method  of  allowing  1,000  pounds  of  seed  for 
each  bale  of  cotton.  Aside  from  a  considerable 
margin  of  error  in  the  total  quantity  thus  estimated 
for  the  South  as  a  whole,  there  is  doubtless  some  addi- 
tional errorin  individual  counties.  The  value  of  cotton 
seed  has  been  estimated  for  1899  by  multiplying  the 
estimated  total  quantity  produced  by  the  average 
price  reported  by  the  cottonseed-oil  mills  as  paid  for 
the  seed  purchased  during  that  year;  and  for  1909 
by  multiplying  the  estimated  quantity  produced  by 
the  average  value  per  ton  reported  by  farmers  for  the 
seed  sold  by  them.  It  is  assumed  that  the  average 
value  of  the  entire  crop  is  the  same  as  the  average 


406 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


value  of  that  part  sold.  Table  53  shows  the  esti- 
mated quantity  and  value  of  cotton  seed  produced  for 
1909  and  1899  for  the  country  as  a  whole  and  by 
geographic  divisions. 

The  estimated  quantity  of  cotton  seed  produced  in 
1899  was  4,767,000  tons,  and  in  1909,  5,325,000  tons. 

The  estimated  value  of  the  cotton  seed  in  1899  was 
$46,951,000,  and  in  1909,  $121,077,000,  an  increase 
of  157.9  per  cent,  as  compared  with  an  increase  of 
117.3  per  cent  in  the  value  of  lint  cotton  produced. 

The  total  quantity  of  cotton  seed  reported  by  farmers 
as  sold  during  1909  was  2,075,000  tons,  and  its  value 
$47,350,000. 

STTGAE 

Sugar  and  related  products  are  obtained  in  the 
United  States  from  three  widely  different  classes  of 
plants — cane  (sugar  cane  and  sorghum  cane),  beets, 
and  maple  trees.  Ordinary  sugar  is  derived  from 
sugar  cane  and  sugar  beets.  Beet  sugar  is  made  alto- 
gether in  large  factories,  which  are  covered  by  the 
manufactures  census,  and  this  report  relates  only  to 
the  production  of  the  beets.  Most  of  the  sugar  cane 
also  is  crushed  in  mills  covered  by  the  manufactures 
census.  Some,  however,  is  crushed  in  mills  on  farms 
and  plantations,  the  operations  of  which  can  not  be 
separated  from  the  agricultural  operations,  so  that 
the  products  are  included  in  the  present  report;  these 
mills,  however,  make  practically  no  sugar,  their  chief 
product'  being  sirup.  A  part  of  the  sorghum  cane 
produced  is  used  for  fodder,  but  there  are  numerous 
small  mills  which  crush  it  for  the  purpose  of  producing 
sirup.  Almost  all  of  these  mills  are  on  farms,  and 
the  quantity  as  well  as  the  value  of  their  product  in 
that  case  is  covered  by  the  census  of  agriculture. 
Maple  sirup  and  maple  sugar  are  almost  wholly  made 
on  farms. 

Sugar  cane  (Table  54). — The  acreage  in  sugar  cane 
in  1909  was  476,849,  an  increase  of  23.2  per  cent  as 
compared  with  1899.  The  production  in  1909  was 
6,240,000  tons,  representing  an  increase  of  48.5  per 
cent.  The  value  of  the  sugar  cane  in  1909,  including 
that  of  the  sugar,  sirup,  and  molasses  reported  on  the 
agricultural  schedules,  was  $26,416,000,  and  consti- 
tuted 0.5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  farm  crops  for 
ihe  country.  The  value  of  sugar  cane  produced  in 
the  South  represented  1.4  per  cent  of  the  value  of  all 
crops  of  that  section.  More  than  two-thirds  of  the 
total  acreage  of  sugar  cane  in  1909  was  in  Louisiana, 
and  most  of  the  remainder  in  Georgia,  Texas,  Alabama, 
and  Mississippi. 

Satisfactory  comparison  can  not  be  made  between 
the  total  value  of  the  product  as  reported  for  1909 
and  that  for  1899,  for  the  reason  that  in  1899  reports 
of  many  large  mills  on  plantations  were  included  in 
the  agricultural  census,  while  most  such  nulls  in  1909 
were  covered  by  the  manufactures  census.  A  much 
larger  proportion  of  the  value  given  for  the  earlier 
year  therefore  consists  of  the  value  of  the  manu- 
factured product — sugar  and  molasses. 


COTTON  SEED— ESTIMATED  PRODUCTION  AND  VALUE. 


Table  53 

ESTIMATED  PKODUCTION 
(TONS). 

ESTIMATED  VALUE. 

DIVIBION. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

Per 

cent 
of  in- 
crease. 

United  States.... 
West  North  Central.. . . 
South  Atlantic 

5,324,634 

27,254 

2,006,471 

1,262,357 

2,028,362 

109 

91 

4,767,353 

12,823 

1,350,883 

1,328,299 

2,075,329 

19 

$121,076,984 

585,969 

48,468,186 

28,747,084 

43,273,088 

1,625 

1,032 

$46,950,575 

55,304 

14,049,551 

12,737,092 

20,108,566 

62 

157.9 

959.5 
245.0 
125.7 
115.2 
(I) 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central.... 

Moiintain ... 

Pacific 

1  Per  cent  not  calculated  where  base  is  less  than  100. 

CROPS. 

SUGAR  CANE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  54 

ACREAGE. 

PEODUCnON  (TONS). 

VALUE  .1 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

United  States.. 
Alabama 

476,849 

27,211 

3,330 

12,928 

37,046 

329,684 

24,861 

294 

7,053 

34,315 

127 

386,986 

32,871 

460 

13,800 

26,056 

276,966 

11,552 

25 

7,342 

17,824 

90 

6,240,360 

226,634 

19,868 

142,517 

317,460 

4,941,996 

222,600 

1,494 

59,865 

307,502 

324 

4,202,202 

267,857 

4,097 

140,729 

284,410 

3,137,338 

122,384 

199 

73,702 

170,485 

1,001 

$26, 415, 952  $20, 541, 636 

1  527  166'     '  '*''°  """ 

Arlcansas 

152,298 

1,089,698 

2,268,110 

17,752,537 

1,506,887 

10, 697 

434,634 

1,669,683 

4,242 

25,285 

723, 176 

1,480,704 

14,627,282 

804,870 

1,412 

429,425 

977,053 

3,429 

Florida 

Georgia 

Louisiana 

Mississippi 

North  Carolina 

South  CaroUna 

Texas 

All  other  states 

1  The  values  given  include  the  value  of  sugar,  sirup,  and  molasses,  so  far  as 
covered  by  the  agricultural  census.  See  text  as  to  incomparability  of  the  two 
censuses. 

Of  the  6,240,000  tons  of  sugar  cane  produced  in  1909, 
4,639,000  tons  were  sold,^  the  amount  received  there- 
from being  $16,766,000;  in  1899,  out  of  4,202,000  tons 
produced,  only  1,126,000  tons,  valued  at  $3,882,000, 
were  sold.  The  average  value  per  ton  for  the  cane  sold 
was  $3.61  in  1909  and  $3.45  in  1899,  and  assuming  the 
same  value  per  ton  for  the  rest  of  the  cane,  the  total 
value  of  cane  produced  in  1909  would  be  $22,527,000 
and  the  value  of  that  produced  in  1899  would  be 
$14,498,000.  These  figures  represent  an  increase  of 
55.4  per  cent  in  the  total  value  of  the  crop. 

In  1909  the  plantation  mills  covered  by  the  agricul- 
tural census  made  21,633,579  gallons  of  sirup,  125,647 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4,153  gallons  of  molasses.  The 
total  value  of  these  products  was  reported  as  $9,650,000. 

No  satisfactory  comparison  can  be  made  between 
1909  and  1899  as  to  the  amount  of  sirup,  sugar,  and 
molasses  made  on  plantations,  for  the  reason  already 
stated. 

The  total  production  of  cane  sugar  in  factories  cov- 
ered by  the  manufactures  census  in  1909  was  326,858 
tons;  of  molasses,  24,588,000^  gallons;  and  of  sirup, 
1,450,000^  gallons;  these  figures  all  being  additional  to 
those  derived  from  the  agricultural  census. 

•  Including  that  delivered  to  mills  owned  by  the  plantation  but 
covered  by  the  manufactures  census. 

2  Does  not  include  the  operations  of  fotir  establishments  which 
manufacture  sugar,  two  of  which  were  operated  in  connection  with 
penal  institutions  and  two  of  which  were  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  oy  the  industry 
designated.  The  output  of  these  establishments  was  7,281  tons  of 
sugar  and  693,302  gallons  of  molasses. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


407 


Sorghum  cane  (Table  55). — The  acreage  of  sor- 
ghum cane  in  1909  was  444,089,  or  51.5  per  cent  more 
than  in  1899.  And  although  the  production  was  13.8 
per  cent  less  than  in  the  earUer  year,  probably  on  ac- 
count of  unfavorable  weather  conditions  in  1909,  the 
value  of  the  crop,  amounting  in  1909  to  $10,174,000, 
or  0.2  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all  farm  crops, 
showed  a  great  increase.  The  value  as  stated  includes 
that  of  the  sirup  made  on  farms.  The  amount  of  such 
sirup  was  16,532,000  gallons,  valued  at  $7,963,000, 
and  the  value  of  the  cane  sold  or  used  as  forage  was 
$2,211,000. 

The  amount  of  sirup  made  in  1899  was  16,973,000 
gallons  and  its  value,  $5,288,000.  The  crop  is  quite 
widely  distributed  through  the  country,  but  is  much 
more  important  in  the  South  than  in  the  North  or  the 
West.  The  leading  states  in  acreage  in  1909  were 
Kentucky,  Texas,  Tennessee,  Missouri,  and  Arkansas. 

SORGHUM  CANE— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  55 

STATE. 


United  States 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

New  Mexico 

North  Carolina  — 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

AH  other  states 


1909       1899 


M4,08» 

17,819 

586 

33,071 

647 

3,169 

379 

15,612 

15,039 

12,253 

6,225 

15,406 

62,327 

1,690 

416 

1,709 

17,851 

45,088 

4,034 

2,371 

21,227 

4,709 

25,546 

8,445 

52,907 

65,027 

340 

8,288 

8,607 

2,281 

1,020 


S9S,152 

14,831 
133 

17,684 
140 
51 


11,553 

9,158 

7,955 

8,287 

20,689 

21,982 

937 

377 

2,283 

15,734 

30,997 

4,778 

81 

20,227 

5,037 

« 16, 477 

7,250 

31,364 

26,803 

371 

8,039 

6,870 

2,399 

665 


PEODUCnOM 

(TONS). 


1909 


1,647, 

72, 

1, 

93, 

3, 

7, 

2, 

64, 

90, 

79, 

28, 

60, 

226, 

6, 

2, 

13, 

55, 

201, 

10, 

2, 

86, 

28, 

64, 

27, 

205, 

101, 

1, 

41, 

48, 

13, 

5, 


18»» 


1,910, 

93, 

122, 
1, 


•10, 


78, 

84, 

65, 

58, 

88, 

152, 

6> 

2, 

14, 

119, 

201, 

14, 

112, 
38, 

>49, 
49, 

226, 

174, 
3, 
73, 
56, 
16, 
4, 


VAUTE.' 


1909 


174,457 

450,263 

13,886 

658,075 

14,826 

43,520 

10,113 

419,561 

496,114 

465,618 

173,259 

251,762 

416,565 

34,277 

18,595 

83,966 

343,641 

036,263 

61,025 

26,877 

641,294 

180,543 

489,112 

185,358 

145,932 

965,769 

12,878 

223,224 

300,218 

84,626 

37,297 


1899 


,  Ids,  lot 

371,356 

4,882 

368,816 

3,788 

1,107 


250,592 

223,344 

193,056 

218,999 

279,029 

449,276 

18,367 

10,486 

69,714 

323,417 

660,624 

74,817 

1,963 

446,897 

126,781 

•154,111 

178,323 

647,129 

554,790 

13,436 

196,916 

189,935 

64,444 

16,709 


>  The  values  given  Include  the  value  of  sorghum  sirup  so  far  as  covered  by  the 
agricultural  census. 

'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

Sugar  beets. — As  shown  in  Table  56,  the  acreage  of 
sugar  beets  in  the  United  States  in  1909,  364,093,  was 
more  than  three  times  as  great  as  in  1899;  the  produc- 
tion, 3,933,000  tons,  was  nearly  five  times  as  great; 
and  the  value,  $19,881,000,  was  almost  six  times  as 
great.  The  average  value  per  ton  in  1909  was  $5.06 
and  in  1899,  $4.19.  The  crop  in  1909  occupied  0.1 
per  cent  of  the  improved  farm  acreage  of  the  country, 
and  its  value  constituted  0.4  per  cent  of  the  value  of 
all  crops. 

Although  sugar  beets  intended  for  sugar  manufac- 
ture are  now  raised  in  a  considerable  number  of  states, 
much  the  greater  part  of  the  production  is  in  Colorado, 
California,   Mchigan,   Utah,   Idaho,    and   Wisconsin. 


The  development  in  Colorado  during  the  past  decade 
has  been  particularly  striking. 

In  addition  to  the  sugar  beets  covered  by  this  table, 
which  has  been  confined  as  far  as  practicable  to  those 
raised  for  the  purpose  of  making  sugar,  small  quanti- 
ties are  raised  in  many  states  for  forage. 

SUGAR  BEETS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  56 

STATE. 


United  States 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Montana 

Nebraska 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Utah 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

All  other  states 


1909        1899 


384,093 

4,443 

78,957 
108,082 

15,601 
1,181 
756 
1,061 
5,851 

78, 779 
2,238 
8,804 
4,191 
55 
1,313 
7,036 
1,176 

27,472 
1,820 

12,379 
1,207 
1,701 


110,170 


41,242 
1,094 


1,370 


40,247 
2,114 


8,662 
1,298 
2,053 


2,510 

7,546 

1,863 

34 


137 


PBODUCnON 

(TONS). 


1909 


3,932, 

49, 

845, 

1,231, 

179, 

14, 

7, 

7, 

50, 

707, 

34, 

109, 

39, 

10, 
63, 
15, 

413, 
13, 

127, 
13, 


1899 


793,353 


356,535 
6,656 


9,109 


216,373 
15,959 


62,470 
3,965 
16,003 


14,462 

85,914 

6,149 

233 


525 


1909 


$19,880, 

236. 

4,320, 

6,061, 

813, 

77, 

40, 

35, 

256, 

4,014, 

118, 

546, 

180, 

1, 

59, 

319, 

74, 

1,858, 

85, 

667, 

61, 

50, 


1899 


$3,323,240 


1,550,346 
26,711 


36,223 


877,481 
69,826 


222,258 
16,849 
75,487 


63,322 

365,163 

26, 176 

937 


2,461 


Maple  sugar  and  sirup  (Table  57) . — The  total  num- 
ber of  maple  trees  reported  by  the  farmers  as  tapped  in 
1909  was  18,899,533;  they  produced  14,060,000  pounds 
of  sugar  and  4,106,000  gallons  of  sirup,  the  combined 
value  of  which  was  $5,178,000. 

The  quantity  of  maple  sugar  made  on  farms  was  17.9 
per  cent  greater  than  in  1899,  while  the  quantity  of 
sirup  was  almost  twice  as  great,  and  the  combined  value 
of  the  sugar  and  sirup  nearly  twice  as  great  as  in  1899. 
Ohio  is  the  leading  state  in  the  production  of  sirup, 
followed  by  New  York  and  Vermont;  but  Vermont  far 
outranks  all  other  states  in  the  production  of  maple 
sugar.  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  ranking  second  and 
third,  respectively.  In  the  combined  value  of  the  two 
products,  New  York  ranks  first. 

MAPLE   SUGAR  AND    SIRUP— QUANTITY   AND    VALUE. 


Table  57 


United  states 

Connecticut 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa. 

Kentucky 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

New  Hampshire... 

New  York 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states 


SUaAR  HADE 
(POt^fDS). 


1909 


14,060,206 

10,207 

5,366 

33,419 

6,173 

10,697 

15,388 

351,908 

156,952 

293,301 

11,399 

11,638 

558,811 

3,160,300 

257,592 

1,188,049 

7,726,817 

44,976 

140,060 

27,199 

49,954 


1899 


,928,770 

4,930 

4,090 

61,900 

2,320 

2,340 

5,500 

264,160 

192,990 

302, 715 

29,580 

12,055 

441,870 

623,540 

613,990 

429,540 

779,870 

19,310 

141,550 

4,180 

2,340 


SIRUP  MADE 
(GALLONS). 


1909 


4,106,418 

4,236 

18,492 

273,728 

8,596 

3,547 

43,971 

12, 172 

53,091 

269,093 

17, 

9,389 

111,500 

993,242 

1,323,431 

391,242 

409,953 

6,046 

31,176 

124, 117 

1,588 


1899 


,056,611 

948 

9,357 

179,576 

2,662 

2,367 

16,024 

5,825 

27,174 

82,997 

1,079 

5,474 

41,588 

413, 159 

923,519 

160,297 

160,918 

1,677 

14,874 

6,625 

471 


VALUE  OF  SUOAB 
AMD  SIRUP. 


1909 


1899 


$5, 177, 809  $2, 


23,502 

300, 755 

11,495 

6,681 

52, 137 

34,386 

77,559 

333,791 

23,362 

12,950 

182,341 

1,240,684 

1,099,248 

471,213 

1,086,933 

12,233 

46,568 

160,088 

4,945 


,636,7U 

1,736 

9,841 

166,307 

2,920 

2,741 

15,920 

24,183 

48,236 

100,  .596 

3,672 

6,559 

82,626 

631,180 

665,226 

239, 773 

598,953 

3,350 

25,271 

6,878 

743 


408 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 
SUNDRY  MINOE  CROPS. 


Under  this  heading  are  included  a  variety  of  crops 
of  comparatively  small  importance  which  can  not  be 
logically  classified  under  any  of  the  other  designations. 
The  individual  crops  are  in  no  way  closely  related  to 
one  another  in  use,  method  of  production,  or  geo- 
graphic distribution. 

Table  58  gives  statistics  of  those  minor  crops  for 
which  the  acreage  was  reported,  for  the  leading  states. 

MINOR  CROPS— ACREAGE,   PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  58 

SXAXX. 


Broom  com,  total. 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

nijnois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

ITynMM 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

New  Mexico 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

All  other  states. . . 


Hemp,  total 

California 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Kentucky 

Nebraska 

All  other  states. 


Hops,  total 

California 

New  York 

Oregon 

Waaiin^n 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states. 


Chicory,  total 

Michigan 

All  omer  states. 


Chnfas,  total 

Florida 

North  Carolina. 
All  other  states. 


Ginseng:,  total 

Michigan 

Missouri 

New  York 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania. . 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states. 


Mint,  total 

Indiana 

Michigan 

All  other  states. 


Teasels,  total 

New  York 

AU  other  states. 


Willows,  total... 

Maryland 

New  York 

All  other  states. 


1909      1899 


386,102 

332 

1,023 

6,631 

38,452 

323 

156 

41,e64 

342 

5,339 

458 

4,470 

170 

216,350 

1,348 

9,448 

107 

1,089 


7,647 
300 

(') 

335 
6,855 


178,684 

879 

1,669 

1,241 

95,137 

815 

2,220 

34,383 

839 

10,219 

6,627 

14 

802 

•12,763 

3,444 

3,743 

1,762 

2,027 

16,042 

500 
783 


157 

44,693 

8,391 
12,023 
21,770 
2,433 
30 
46 

1,689 

1,584 
5 

1,712 

1,072 
376 
264 

23 


16 

7 

8,195 

1,814 

6,360 

21 

162 

110 
52 

661 

159 
405 
97 


14,107 

638 

14 

55,613 

6,890 
27,532 
15,433 
5,296 
342 
120 

3,069 

2,823 
246 


(') 


8,591 

879 

7,648 

64 

(») 


521 

23 
366 
132 


PEODTTCnOK.' 


1909 


78,959,958 

106, 576 

614,250 

1,187,791 

19,309,425 

153,259 

75,370 

8,768,853 

157,286 

1,774,536 

157, 146 

644,892 

92,292 

42,741,725 

347,064 

2,368,490 

46,016 

414,987 

7,483,295 

600,000 

50 

395,467 

6,420,232 


67,546 

40,718,748 
11,994,953 
8,677,138 
16,582,562 
3,432,504 
13,290 
18,301 

19,284,000 

19,204,000 

80,000 

32,261 

21,500 
6,880 
3,881 


158,091 

(  >  36,621 
,\  121, 169 
/    301 

78 
61 

i  17 

857 

112 
667 

78 


1899 


90,947,370 

304,690 

1,146,000 

226,550 

60,665,520 

384, 170 

1,178,130 

11,813,310 

384,550 

3,693,370 

2,733,290 

5,800 

537,160 

33,565,610 

1,015,460 

1,638,150 

663,390 

992,320 

11,750,630 

620,000 
515,400 


10,303,560 

305,400 

6,270 

49,209,704 

10,124,660 
17,332,340 
14,675,577 
6,813,830 
165,346 
97,951 

21,495,870 

19,876,970 
1,618,900 


187,427 

22,380 
164,177 
^  870 

To 


1909 


35,134,434 

■  198 
509 
717 
172 
461 
670 
947 
641 
243 
116 
492 
116 
235 
733 
533 


32, 

71, 

1,457, 

13, 

6, 

593, 

13, 

115, 

11, 
33, 


2,559, 

27, 

140, 

3, 

37, 


065 


412,699 

39,000 

5 

21,755 

348,386 


¥3,588,414 

12,688 

40,506 

10,577 

2,367,066 

18,285 

50,639 

458,481 

18,209 

159,988 

106,252 

290 

26,317 

2136,831 

47,252 

60,313 

34,568 

50,262 

646,338 

45,000 
21,784 


3,653 

7,844,745 
1,731,110 
2,597,981 
2,838,860 
665,493 
9,041 
,  ,  2,260 

70,460 
70,020 
V  440 

62,391 

43,470 
10,629 
8)392 

151,888 
13,794 
21.868 
27,138 
16,639 
16,291 
26,977 
31,181 

253,000 

58,110 

194,391 

,    499 

13,760 

10,760 
3,000 

44,175 

16,800 
19,038 
8,337 


1899 


468,464 

10,762 

348 

4,081,929 

925,319 

1,600,305 

937,513 

689,582 

18,020 

11,190 

73, 627 
64,640 
8,987 

16,734 
13,521 
2,007 
1,206 

(») 


143,618 

19,557 

123,444 

617 


2,838 
22,495 
11,190 


>  Ejroressed  in  pounds  for  broom  com,  hemp,  hox>s,  chicory,  and  mint;  in 
bushels  for  chufas;  and  in  tons  for  teasels  and  willows. 

*  Includes  Indian  Territory.  '  Not  reported  separately. 

*  Reported  in  small  fractions. 

Broom  corn. — The  total  acreage  of  broom  corn  in 
1909  was  326,102,  an  increase  of  82.6  per  cent  over 
that  in  1899.  The  production,  however,  was  con- 
siderably less  in  the  later  year  than  in  the  earlier, 
although  the  value  increased  by  43.1  per  cent,  amount- 
ing in  1909  to  $5,134,000.  About  two-thirds  of  the 
total  acreage  in  1909  was  iq  Oklahoma,  and  most  of 


the  remainder  in  Kansas  and  Illinois.     The  acreage 
in  Illinois  was  much  less  in  1909  than  in  1899. 

Hemp. — The  production  of  hemp  is  mainly  con- 
fined to  Kentucky,  which  in  1909  reported  6,855  out 
of  the  total  of  7,647  acres.  The  acreage  was  less 
than  half  as  great  in  1909  as  in  1899,  but  the  produc- 
tion feU  off  only  36.3  per  cent  and  the  value  only  24.5 
per  cent.     The  value  of  the  crop  in  1909  was  $413,000. 

Hops. — The  acreage  of  hops  in  the  United  States 
was  44,693  in  1909,  or  about  one-fifth  less  than  in 
1899.  The  production  fell  off  in  approximately  the 
same  ratio,  but  the  value  increased  92.2  per  cent, 
amounting  in  1909  to  $7,845,000.  Oregon  is  the 
leading  hop  growing  state,  with  nearly  half  the  total 
acreage  in  1909;  New  York,  California,  and  Wash- 
ington are  the  only  other  states  of  importance. 

Other  crops. — In  the  case  of  none  of  the  other  crops 
covered  by  the  table  did  the  acreage  in  1909  amount 
to  10,000,  and  only  for  mint  did  the  value  exceed  a 
quarter  of  a  million  doUars.  With  the  exception  of 
ginseng,  the  crops  listed  are  virtually  confined  to  one 
or  two  states. 

By-products  (Table  59) . — Flax  fiber,  cornstalks,  and 
straw,  which  are  obtained  as  by-products  incidental  to 
the  raising  of  flaxseed  and  the  various  cereal  crops, 
have  a  considerable  value  for  feeding  or  other  pur- 
poses. They  are  for  the  most  part  consumed  on  the 
farms  producing  them,  however,  and  their  value  is  not 
included  with  the  value  of  the  main  crops  from  which 
they  are  derived. 

The  Census  Bureau  did  not  make  any  attempt  to 
ascertain  the  total  quantity  or  value  of  these  prod- 
ucts, the  schedules  calling  only  for  the  quantity  and 
value  of  those  sold  during  1909. 

STRAW  AND  OTHER  BY-PRODUCTS  SOLD:  1909. 


Table  59 


TTnited  States.. 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


FLAX  FIBER  AND 
STRAW. 


Quan- 
tity sold 
(tons). 


21,657 


14 

1,353 

20,217 


Amount 
received. 


$90,832 


178 
8,726 
81,711 


OTHER  STRAW. 


Quan- 
tity 
sold 

(tons). 


537,699 
10,346 
157,091 
192,039 
79,168 
46,659 
4,489 
6,684 
17,255 
23,968 


Amount 
received. 


$3,189,424 

94,449 
1,682,394 
699, 719 
216, 188 
315,543 
22,169 
33,078 
43,946 
81,938 


CORXSTALKS. 


Quan- 
tity 
sold 

(tons). 


205,585 

5,326 
27,341 
45,790 
43,023 
24,504 

6,656 
50,764 

1,291 


Amount 
received. 


3800,850 

33,347 
166,236 
164, 787 
103,916 
189,507 

41,514 

82,601 
6,264 

12,679 


A  comparatively  small  quantity  of  flax  fiber  and 
straw  was  sold  by  the  farmers.  The  quantity  of  other 
straw  sold,  however,  was  considerable,  the  value 
amounting  to  $3,189,000,  and  the  amount  received 
from  the  sale  of  cornstalks  was  $801,000.  The  amount 
of  straw  and  cornstalks  sold  depends  very  largely  upon 
whether  there  are  in  the  vicinity  cities,  towns,  or  vil- 
lages where  such  materials  are  needed,  inasmuch  as 
those  by-products  are  seldom  sold  by  one  farmer  to 
another. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


409 


FEUITS  AND  NUTS. 


The  value  of  fruits  and  nuts  produced  in  the  United 
States  in  1909  amounted  to  $222,024,000,  or  4  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  farm  crops.  This  value  exceeds 
that  reported  for  1899,  $133,049,000,  by  66.9  per  cent. 
It  is  impossible  to  state  the  quantity  of  the  product  as  a 
single  total,  but  the  statistics  for  individual  classes 
show  that  in  general  the  value  increased  by  a  much 
larger  percentage  than  the  production.  Of  the  total 
value  of  fruits  and  nuts  in  1909,  $29,974,000  was  con- 
tributed by  small  fruits,  $140,867,000  by  orchard 
fruits,  $22,028,000  by  grapes,  $22,711,000  by  citrus 
fruits,  $1,995,000  by  other  tropical  and  subtropical 
fruits,  and  $4,448,000  by  nuts.  The  value  of  each  of 
these  classes  in  1909  was  very  much  greater  than  in 
1899,  except  in  the  case  of  small  fruits.  The  distribu- 
tion of  this  value  in  1909  among  the  states  is  shown 
by  the  map  on  page  417. 


Small  fruits  (Tables  60  and  61). — The  acreage  of 
small  fruits  reported  in  1909  was  272,460,  as  com- 
pared with  309,770  in  1899,  thus  showing  a  decrease 
of  37,310  acres,  or  12  per  cent.  The  total  production 
in  1909,  426,566,000  quarts,  was  7.9  percent  less  than 
ten  years  earUer,  when  the  quantity  produced  was 
463,219,000  quarts,  but  the  value,  $29,974,000,  was 
nearly  one-fif tli  greater,  the  value  of  small  fruits  being 
$25,030,000  in  1899.  The  acreage  m  1909  represented 
0.1  per  cent  of  the  total  improved  farm  acreage  of  the 
country,  and  the  value  0.5  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
ol  farm  crops.  The  production  of  small  fruits  taken 
as  a  group  is  widely  distributed  through  the  country. 
In  acreage  the  East  North  Central  division  ranked 
first  in  1909,  the  Middle  Atlantic  second,  and  the 
South  Atlantic  third,  but  in  value  the  Middle  Atlantic 
division  outranked  all  others. 


SMALL  FRUITS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION*,  AND  VALUE,  BY  DIVISIONS. 


Table  60 


ITnitod  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


ALL  SMALL  TEXnTS. 


Acreage. 


1909       1899 


272,460 

13,777 
55,243 
66,957 
35,587 
45,403 
18,994 
19,417 
6,765 
20,317 


U0,77O 
13,647 
62,672 
92,616 
34,810 
49,403 
21,380 
17,519 
5,127 
12,596 


Production  (quarts). 


1909 


4M,666,M3 

37,631,006 
90,300,863 
73,745,968 
46,275,534 
72,300,168 
22,182,689 
23, 878, 888 
10,587,207 
49,663,540 


1899 


463, 

34, 

87, 
137, 
45, 
73, 
26. 
22, 
7, 
26, 


218, 6U 

456,606 
975,716 
580,655 
374, 254 
878,565 
751,730 
639,210 
927,305 
634,481 


Value. 


1909 


•74,461 
460,094 
004,636 
813,117 
921,982 
122, 467 
553,767 
771,332 
946,263 
371,823 


1899 


029,757 
183,009 
213,239 
689,485 
797,864 
505,119 
223,660 
174,029 
618,663 
624,689 


STRAWS  ERBIES. 


Acreage. 


1909       1899 


143,045 

4,432 
19,202 
23,604 
16,433 
37,280 
14,253 
13,917 

3,115 
10,809 


161,363 

4,203 
21,724 
35,545 
13,873 
37,847 
17,666 
12,993 
2,034 
5,478 


Production 

(quarts): 

1909 


255,702, 

11,741, 
43, 747, 
39,698, 
26,308, 
63,124, 
17,648, 
19,701, 
5,030, 
28,700, 


Value: 
1909 


913,926 

068,887 
875,672 
037,873 
152, 142 
565,529 
257,412 
440,466 
441,586 
074,359 


BLACKBERRIES  AND  DEWBERRIES. 


Acreage. 


1909      1899 


49,004  60,211 

795 
7,518 
10,655 
11,516 
5,423 
3,766 
5,106 
554 
3,776 


16, 417 
8,524 
6,525 
1,945 
3,855 
388 
3,065 


Produc- 
tion 

(quarts): 
1909 


65,343, 

804, 
9,029, 
10, 437, 
12,311, 
6,463, 
3,580, 
3,836, 
723, 
8, 155, 


Value: 
1909 


$3,909,831 

80,006 
615, 473 
812,555 
970,774 
343,333 
210,983 
300,524 

73,640 
502,543 


United  States 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


RASPBERRIES  AND  LOGANBERRIES. 


Acreage. 


1909      1899 


48,668 

1,003 

15,395 

16,976 

5,403 

2,263 

833 

313 

1,820 

4,662 


60,916 

1,139 
18,554 
24,790 
7,389 
3,867 
1,288 
491 
1,307 
2,091 


Produo- 

tion 
(quarts): 

1909 


60,918,196 

1,119,007 
19,802,119 
16,895,570 
5,634,788 
2,218,296 
799,212 
288,809 
3,194,610 
10,985,785 


Value: 
1909 


132,277 

149, 646 
618,978 
505,474 
607,053 
179,090 
73,466 
22,959 
297,722 
677,899 


Acreage. 


1909      1899 


7,862 

489 

3,239 

1,683 

934 

80 

16 

46 

752 

623 


12,865 

476 

3,468 

4,935 

1,839 

207 

32 

20 

757 

1,131 


Produc- 
tion 

(quarts): 
1909 


10,448,632 

483, 291 

4,637,483 

2,086,723 

900,002 

89,965 

19,795 

39,098 

1,028,078 

1,164,097 


Value: 
1909 


8790,431 

45,781 

318,993 

167,959 

88,174 

8,307 

1,806 

4,445 

85,488 

69,478 


GOOSEBERRIES. 


Acreage. 


1909      1899 


4,766 

129 
553 
1,482 
1,232 
310 
126 
35 
524 
374 


6,752 

79 

559 

2,383 

2,059 

411 

216 

40 

458 

54 


Produc- 
tion 

(quarts): 
1909 


5,282, 

154, 
661, 
1,629, 
1,085, 
379, 
134, 
31, 
610, 
595, 


Value: 
1909 


1417,034 

14,029 
48,645 
126,007 
100,581 
24,797 
10,071 
2,878 
47,762 
42,264 


ALL  OTHER  SMALL  FRUITS.  > 


Acreage. 


1909    1899 


19,116 

7,034 

9,336 

2,557 

69 

47 


27,663 

6, 955 

9,670 

8,546 

1,126 

546 

233 

120 

183 

284 


Produc- 
tion 

(quarts): 
1909 


38,870,687 

23,328,051 

12,422,548 

2,997,218 

34,971 

23,520 

468 

634 

584 

62,693 


Value: 
1909 


11,810,982 

1,110,745 

526,875 

163,249 

3,258 

1,411 

39 

60 

65 

5,280 


1  Includes  cranberries  and  all  other  unclassified  small  {ruits. 

Strawberries  are  the  most  important  of  the  small 
fruits,  representing  in  1909  over  half  of  the  total  acre- 
age and  about  three-fourths  of  the  total  value.  The 
acreage  of  raspberries  and  loganberries  in  1909  was 
slightly  less  than  that  of  blackberries  and  dewberries, 
but  the  production  and  value  were  considerably 
greater.  The  production  of  strawberries  and  black- 
berries is  very  widely  distributed  tlirough  the  coimtry, 
but  that  of  raspberries,  currants,  and  gooseberries  is 
mainly  confined  to  the  North  and  West,  and  that  of 
cranberries  is  almost  whoUy  confined  to  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin. 


'  Reported  in  small  fractions. 

The  acreage  of  each  of  the  separate  classes  of  small 
fruits  covered  by  the  table  was  less  in  1909  than  in 
1899;  and  the  production  was  likewise  less  except  in 
the  case  of  cranberries  for  which  38,243,000  quarts  were 
reported  in  1909.  In  1899  the  production  of  straw- 
berries was  257,427,000  quarts,  that  of  blackberries 
and  dewberries  62,190,000  quarts,  that  of  raspberries 
and  loganberries  76,628,000  quarts,  that  of  currants 
18,593,000  quarts,  that  of  gooseberries  9,321,000  quarts, 
and  that  of  cranberries  31,601,000  quarts.  The  value 
of  the  separate  kinds  of  small  fruits  was  not  called  for 
by  the  agricultural  schedule  at  the  Twelfth  Census. 


410 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

SMALL  FRUITS— ACREAGE,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE,  BY  STATES. 


Table  61 

ALL  small  FBUITS. 

aceeage:  1909 

STATX. 

Acreage. 

Production 
(quarts). 

Value. 

Straw- 
berries. 

Black- 
berries 
and 
dew- 
berries. 

Rasp- 
berries 

and 
logan- 
tierries. 

Cur- 
rants. 

Goose- 
berries. 

Cran- 
berries. 

All 
other 
small 
fruits. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

trnlted  States 

272,460 

309,770 

426,565,863 

463,218,612 

$29,974,481 

$25,029,757 

143,045 

49,004 

48,668 

7,862 

4,765 

18,431 

68S 

New  England: 

1,260 
618 
469 

9,552 
281 

1,597 

22,496 
24,069 
8,678 

11,591 
5,919 
11,723 
21,419 
6,305 

3,738 
7,211 
17,009 
399 
419 
1,411 
5,400 

8,687 

16,595 

12 

7,295 

2,913 

6,701 

856 

988 

1,356 

4,387 

12,539 

1,232 

836 

8,032 
3,587 
2,745 
5,053 

562 

1,673 

106 

2,829 

66 

76 

1,416 

37 

5,508 
5,122 
9,687 

1,585 
730 
418 

8,346 
581 

1,987 

25,051 
25,350 
12,271 

21,121 
13,115 
16,794 
29,197 
12,389 

3,092 
9,635 
14,860 
67 
161 
1,171 
5,824 

10,599 
17,522 
82 
8,796 
1,994 
6,837 
591 
1,634 
1,348 

6,126 

12,944 

761 

1,549 

10,819 
1,408 

21,388 
3,904 

554 

957 

37 

2,347 

48 

79 

1,052 

53 

2,845 
3,470 
6,281 

2,285,415 

998,244 

826,122 

29,260,143 

437,560 

3,823,522 

37,857,829 
38,822,987 
13,620,047 

15,721,023 
7, 424, 831 
13, 602, 676 
27,214,659 
9,782,779 

4,476,575 
10,344,052 
23,696,221 
285,696 
401,295 
1,594,421 
5,477,274 

14,425,209 

26,277,054 
24,109 

11,342,980 
2,336,562 

12,827,427 
1,408,099 
1,262,155 
2,396,573 

4,972,702 

13,895,493 

1,907,193 

1,407,301 

8,965,572 
6,420,207 
2,310,367 
6,182,742 

766,791 

2,071,141 

96,883 

4,294,988 

76,532 

112, 190 

3,118,395 

50,287 

13,490,930 
9,348,490 
26,824,120 

1,754,688 
1,261,176 

930, 260 
25,882,372 

789,698 
3,838,502 

40,375,854 
28, 339, 302 
19,360,560 

33,736,630 
22,088,205 
26,129,216 
40,168,178 
15,459,026 

4,542,640 
11,327,132 
21,484,920 
70,152 
165,744 
1,211,630 
6,572,036 

13,670,380 

27,957,590 

126,332 

13,473,920 

2,388,070 

11,934,060 

959,305 

1,597,928 

1,770,980 

8,862,560 

15,200,120 

953,570 

1,735,480 

14,097,990 
1,856,510 

21,475,790 
5,208,920 

1,033,885 
1,246,110 

37, 330 
3,649,230 

59,690 

129,470 

1,694,730 

76,860 

5,406,996 
6,645,534 
14,581,951 

233,124 
107,365 

92,030 
1,676,790 

43,033 
316,752 

2,875,495 
1,954,125 
1,175,016 

1,296,343 

612,725 

1, 109, 747 

2,028,865 

765,437 

493,406 
966,894 
1,761,409 
39,641 
47,263 
159,169 
454,200 

649,732 
1,227,548 
1,875 
671,843 
191,002 
853,076 
113,254 
111,754 
302,383 

357,597 
923,613 
165, 386 
107,171 

601,722 
486,988 
202,291 
480,331 

86,586 

201, 525 

13,984 

398,836 

9,335 

12,987 

217,327 

5,683 

941,415 

641,194 

1,789,214 

157,679 
116,830 

85,121 
1,493,714 

51,292 
278,373 

2,538,363 
1,406,049 
1,268,827 

1,767,357 
1,113,527 
1,293,233 
1,680,249 
835,119 

330,569 
878, 447 
1,050,811 
7,785 
16,629 
98,159 
406,464 

461,621 

1,181,054 

7,855 

765,097 

149,391 

699,963 

59, 486 

90,785 

189,867 

435,462 

593,092 

54,097 

141,009 

604,323 
172,803 
292,223 
304,680 

79,891 

95,115 

4,964 

294,385 

5,768 

12,265 

117,489 

8,786 

326,646 
386,632 
911,411 

698 
310 
276 
2,015 
140 
993 

6,382 
8,684 
4,136 

4,706 
2,574 
5,410 
8,051 
2,863 

1,873 

2,917 

9,048 

88 

226 

562 

1,719 

7,194 

14,292 

11 

6,606 

709 

5,420 

815 

890 

1,343 

1,553 

10,761 

1,167 

772 

7,361 

3,570 

825 

2,161 

265 

698 

24 

1,326 

20 

58 

719 

5 

3,283 
2,941 
4,585 

145 

67 
47 

287 
16 

128 

1,951 
4,332 
1,235 

2,425 
1,347 
3,503 
2,973 
407 

145 

2,279 

5,975 

2 

5 

428 

2,682 

1,256 
1,180 
0) 

344 

1,292 

1,233 

38 

67 

13 

2,141 

1,514 

53 

58 

525 

16 

1,792 

2,T73 

34 
170 

10 

16 

95 

1 

769 

431 

2,576 

127 
85 
80 

388 
34 

289 

11,057 
1,744 
2,594 

3,869 
1,412 
1,945 
8,786 
964 

1,388 

1,573 

1,331 

85 

66 

247 

713 

223 

846 

0) 

276 

847 

40 

2 

29 

(') 

564 

253 

11 

5 

123 

1 
85 
104 

113 

496 

14 

801 

12 

1 

374 

9 

1,210 
1,460 
1,992 

80 
42 
58 
243 
12 
54 

2,557 
124 
558 

359 
165 
252 
609 
298 

200 
253 
92 
138 

67 
86 
98 

3 
36 
1 
5 
30 
3 
1 
1 

0) 

14 
2 

4 

59 
5 
6 

42 
8 
9 

259 
155 
139 

226 
274 
603 
297 
82 

71 
189 
555 
86 
55 
88 
188 

11 
241 

^'^22 
30 
5 

'"■ 

151 
109 
1 
6,577 
70 
123 

277 

9,030 

4 

3 

4 

10 

202 

1,689 

61 

A. 

0) 

(I) 

1 

(') 

Rhode  Island 

1 

1 

Middle  Atlantic: 

13 

12 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

3 

143 

(1) 

601 

2 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

(') 

North  Dakota , 

South  Dakota 

........ 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

0) 

South  Atlantic: 

Maryland 

0) 

Virginia 

40 

2 

Wfist  Virginia     . ,    , 

5 

North  Carolina 

Georgia 

(}) 

Florida  . 

East  Soirrn  Central: 
Kentucky 

115 
9 
1 
1 

19 

■(V)- 

0) 

Tennessee 

0) 

Alabama 

n 

Missi?i<?ippi 

West  South  Central: 
Arkansas 

(1) 

T/Oiiii!iana 

Oklahoma 

36 
6 

115 
167 
41 
282 
7 
1 
128 
11 

127 
89 
407 

7 
9 

35 

142 
27 

192 
17 

100 
11 

114 
186 
74 

(I) 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

0) 

Idaho 

151 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

(') 

0) 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Washington 

6 
14 
53 

'\ 

CalJiornia 

0) 

>  Report 

ed  in  sma 

11  fractions. 

21 

ncludes  Ii 

adian  Ter 

ritory. 

Orchard  fruits  (Table  62).— Neither  in  1910  nor  i^ 
1900  did  the  census  schedules  call  for  the  acreage 
of  orchard  fruits,  but  at  both  censuses  the  number  of 
trees  of  bearing  age  was  called  for,  and  at  the  later 
census  also  the  number  not  of  bearing  age.  In  the 
report  of  the  census  of  1900,  however,  the  behef  was 
expressed  that  some  trees  not  of  bearing  age  were  re- 
ported by  the  enumerators  as  of  bearing  age.  This 
doubtless  accounts  wholly  or  in  part  for  the  decrease 
in  the  reported  number  of  trees  of  bearing  age  for  all 
classes  of  orchard  fruits  combined,  from  369,377,000 
in  1900  to  301,117,000  in  1910.  Decreases  also  appear 
in  the  totals  for  the  United  States  for  every  kind  of 
orchard  fruit  which  was  reported  separately.  The  num- 
ber of  trees  which  were  not  of  bearing  age  in  1910  was 
130,973,000.  The  total  production  of  orchard  fruits 
in  1909  was  216,084,000  bushels,  or  only  slightly  more 
than  in  1899,  but  all  the  kinds  of  fruit  except  apples, 
in  which  there  was  a  decrease,  show  high  percentages 


of  increase.  The  value  of  all  orchard  fruits  in  1909, 
however,  $140,867,000,  was  68.2  per  cent  greater  than 
the  value  in  1899,  and  represented  2.6  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  farm  crops. 

The  production  of  orchard  fruits  as  a  group  is  very 
widely  distributed  throughout  the  country.  As  meas- 
ured by  number  of  trees  of  bearing  age  in  1910,  the 
East  North  Central  was  the  leading  division,  followed 
by  the  West  North  Central  and  the  South  Atlantic; 
but  as  determined  by  value  of  fruit  produced  in  1909 
the  ranking  is  quite  different,  the  Middle  Atlantic  divi- 
sion standing  first,  the  Pacific  division  second,  and  the 
East  North  Central  third.  The  leading  states  in  the 
value  of  fruit  produced  are  California  and  New  York. 

Apples  are  much  the  most  important  of  the  orchard 
fruits,  their  value  in  1909  being  59.1  per  cent  of  the 
total.  Peaches  and  nectarines  rank  next,  with  20.4  per 
cent  of  the  total,  followed  by  plums  and  prunes,  pears, 
cherries,  and  apricots  and  quinces  in  the  order  named. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


Definite  conclusions  as  to  the  relative  importance 
of  different  states  can  not  always  be  drawn  from  the 
number  of  trees  of  bearing  age,  since  the  trees  in  some 
states  are  much  more  prolific  than  in  others,  nor  does 
the  production  of  any  given  year  furnish  an  altogether 
satisfactory  index,  since  weather  conditions  may  be 
favorable  in  one  part  of  the  countiy  and  unfavorable 
in  another. 

ORCHARD  FRUITS— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  62 

Trees  of 

Trees 
not  of 

PEODDCnON 
(BUSHELS). 

VALUE. 

DIVISION 

bearing 

bearing 

i»i6 

age: 
1910 

1M9 

1899 

1909 

18991 

U.S.... 

301,117,277 

130,973,352 

216,083,695 

212,365,600 

1140,867,347 

183,750,961 

Geoo.  divs.: 

New  Eng. 

9,505,622 

2,904,978 

11,235,5.37 

12,006,412 

7,327,873 

4,329,590 

Mid.Atl.. 

33,977,615 

15, 475, 107 

45,114,002 

57,577,644 

28,641,924 

21,113,717 

E.N.C... 

55,722,972 

21,645.205 

33,927,577 

50,679,428 

24,366,592 

17,029,503 

W.N.C. 

52,8a5,414 

15,211,756 

25,513,920 

15,403,365 

14,763.345 

7,347,031 

S.Atl.... 

45,951,571 

17,881,177 

25,544,335 

29,550,477 

15,706,294 

8,581,087 

E.S.C... 

25,275,885 

18,443,210 

20,042.253 

13,444.525 

11,110,041 

4,340,252 

w.s.c... 

38, 179, 158 

18,022,455 

7,058,045 

6,664,017 

5,329,866< 

3,205,690 

Mountain 

7,685,221 

9,718,919 

7,478,006 

1,640,677 

7,648,646' 

1,371,803 

Pacific . . . 

32,013,819 

19,670,645 

40,169,421 

25,393,055 

25,972,860 

10,432,288 

NewEno.: 

Me 

3,586,452 

1,090,768 

3,094,251 

1,438,919 

2,207,748 

833,634 

N.  H 

1,368,937 

271,153 

1,165,044 

2,017,880 

719,777 

707,729 

vt 

1,266,70» 

252,401 

1,492,499 

1,191,429 

801,365 

460,429 

Mass 

l,fm,2Z0i 

591,796 

2,763,679 

3, 158, 781 

2,074,270 

1,170.868 

R.I 

215,798 

94,564 

245,822 

3(»,298 

197,639 

155,671 

Conn 

1,369,515 

604,296 

1,874,242 

3,839,106 

1,327,074 

1,011,359 

N.Y 

17,625.093 

7,363,614 

29,456,291 

26,172,310 

17,988,894 

10,542,272 

N.J 

3,105,749 

2,190,236 

2,372,358 

6,168,480 

1,975,044 

2,694,981 

Pa 

E.  N  Cent.: 

13,186,773 

5,921,257 

13,285,953 

25,236,854 

8,877,986 

7,976,464 

Ohio 

14,933,813 

5,603,742 

6,711,208 

21,399,273 

5,691,530 

6, 141, 118 

Ind 

10,050,759 

3,787,631 

4,713,637 

9,304,482 

3,709,275 

3,166,338 

Ill 

15,033,743 

3,919,267 

4,939,211 

9,767,211 

3,857,743 

3,778,811 

Mich 

12,842,827 

6,679,949 

15,220,104 

9,859,862 

9,020,842 

3,675,845 

Wis 

W  N  Cent • 

2,861,830 

1,654,616 

2,343,517 

348,600 

2,087,202 

267,391 

Minn 

1,644,590 

1,787,107 

1,066,659 

143,655 

801, 112 

109,050 

Iowa 

9,208,387 

2,802,548 

7,234,168 

3,456,422 

4,283,873 

1,849,767 

Mo 

23,128,107 

5,748,159 

11,967,399 

6,805,501 

6,582,678 

2,944,175 

N.Dak... 

40,296 

128,037 

5,685 

1,647 

9,688 

1,061 

8.  Dak... 

599,586 

721,924 

229,907 

26,401 

209,339 

29,568 

Nebr 

5,061,984 

1,750,584 

3,572,253 

1,456,063 

1,932,124 

684,751 

Kans 

S  Atl  • 

13,122,464 

2,273,397 

1,447,849 

3,513,686 

944,631 

1,728,669 

Del 

2,102,313 

675,897 

309,274 

884,797 

196,766 

263, 127 

Md 

3,501,774 

1,671,435 

2,577,359 

3,710,666! 

1,517,400 

1,266,047 

D.C 

3,583 

74 

3,665 

1,002' 

3,169 

773 

Va 

9,609,799 

4,631,587 

6,581,101 

10,497,4011 

3,582,359 

2,662,483 

W.  Va.... 

6,770,384 

4,589,587 

4,709,959 

7,642,193 

3,040, 192 

2,155,509 

N.C 

8,162,464 

2,971,879 

6,324,301 

6,124,969 

3,248,036 

1,269,614 

8.  C 

2,169,986 

723,892 

1,132,668 

432, 173 

966,376 

272,794 

Ga 

13,179,852 

2,517,378 

3,670,830 

1,028,8331 

2,930,793 

497,847 

Fla 

451,416 

199,448 

235,188 

228,453, 

232,203 

192,893 

Ky 

8,722,441 

3,595,244 

9,447,858 

6,286.174; 

4,506,950 

1,943,645 

Tenn 

8,959,070 

3,734,080 

6,484,550 

5,599,088, 

3,459,077 

1,479,915 

Ala 

5,039.618 

1,759,888 

2,476,640 

947,736, 

1,818,608 

476,674 

Miss 

2,554,756 

1,353,998 

1,634,305 

610,927 

1,326,506 

440,118 

Ark 

15,531,761 

7,258,166 

4,437,917 

3,359,865 

3,011,377 

1,252,203 

La 

1,206,920 

495,825 

392,607 

283,087 

314,027 

225,476 

Okla 

8,880,445 

5,307,392 

1,137,288 

«  661, 334 

943,464 

» 382, 588 

Tex 

12,560,032 

4,961,072 

1,090,233 

2,359,731 

1,060,998 

1,345,423 

Mont 

749,104 

1,363,798 

591,088 

45,192 

609,078 

59,414 

Idaho 

1,519,389 

2,036,368 

924,223 

452,000 

863,516 

365,224 

Wvo 

33,497 

97,013 

18,586 

1,145 

39,774 

1,420 

Colo 

2,947,920 

3,151,784 

4,565,849 

354,049 

4,651,792 

378, 119 

N.  Mex... 

803,068 

1,282,211 

504,059 

267,835 

519,677 

197,331 

Ari« 

152,340 

116,988 

153,885 

113,306 

241,  no 

%,764 

Utah 

1,385,681 

1,641,755 

633,739 

397,863 

640,904 

203,098 

Nev 

94,222 

29,002 

86,576 

15,287 

82,695 

10,433 

Wash.... 

4,944,889 

6,951,251 

4,244,670 

1,180,357 

4,274,124 

999,487 

Oreg..... 

4,583,735 

4,309,232 

4,423,244 

1,522,002 

3,339,845 

906,015 

Gal 

22,485,195 

8,410,062 

31,501,507 

22,690,696 

18,358,897 

14,526,786 

I  Includes  value  of  dried  fruits,  cider,  vinegar,  etc. 
*  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

Apples  (Table  63). — The  number  of  apple  trees  of 
bearing  age  in  1910  was  151,323,000,  and  there 
were  65,792,000  trees  not  of  bearing  age.  The  pro- 
duction in  1909  was  147,522,000  bushels,  as  compared 
with  175,398,000  bushels  in  1899,  a  decrease  of  15.9 
per  cent.     The  value  of  the  apple  crop  in  1909  was 


411 

J, 231,000  or  1.5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  all 
crops.  Values  were  not  reported  for  individual  kinds 
of  fruit  in  1899. 

While  apple  production  is  widely  distributed,  the 
leading  geographic  divisions  are  the  Middle  Atlantic, 
East  North  Central,  and  West  North  Central.  There 
is,  however,  a  marked  development  in  the  western  sec- 
tions of  the  country,  which  in  part  explains  the  fact 
that  in  1910  the  ratio  of  the  number  of  trees  not  of 
bearing  age  to  the  number  of  bearing  age  was  much 
higher  in  the  West  South  Central,  Mountain,  and 
Pacific  divisions  than  in  any  of  the  more  easterly 
divisions  except  the  South  Atlantic. 

APPLES— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  63 


DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States. 


OEOGEAPinc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  AUantic 

East  North  Central . . . 
West  NorUi  Central... 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . . 
West  South  Central. . . 

Mountain 

Pacific 


1910 


Trees  of 

bearing 

age. 


151,322,840 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Noeth  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada , 

Paqfic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


8,219, 
20,302, 
34, 134, 
31,744, 
20,073, 
12,273, 
11,838, 
4,614, 
7,522, 


3,476,616 
1,240,885 
1,183,529 
1,367,379 
152,009 
798, 734 

11,248,203 
1,053,626 
8,000,456 

8,504,886 
6,764,821 
9,900,627 
7,534,343 
2,430,232 

1,380,396 
5,847,034 
14,369,673 
15,941 
274,862 
2,937,178 
6,929,673 

429,753 

1,288,482 

1,654 

7,004,548 

4,570,948 

4,910,171 

681,767 

1,878,209 

8,180 

5,538,267 

4,838,922 

1,468,436 

427,652 

7,650,103 

93,304 

2,955,810 

1,138,852 

696,753 

1,005.668 

27,773 

1,688,425 

542,528 

62,027 

517,039 

74,454 

3,009,337 
2,029,913 
2,482,762 


Trees 

not  of 

bearing 

age. 


65,791,848 


094,512 
849,449 
610,319 
724,993 
064,819 
386,555 
224,590 
679, 166 
157,445 


1,045,123 
207,289 
219,833 
355,868 
54,560 
211,839 

2,828,51i 

519, 749 

2,501,185 

2,438,246 
1,961,974 
2,548,301 
2,253,072 
1,408,726 

1,571,816 

1,914,325 

3,624,833 

70,023 

460,547 

967, 133 

1,116,316 

263,813 

660,685 

29 

3,435,591 

2,772,025 

1,835,337 

289,044 

822,327 

6,968 

2,106,297 

2,117,246 

737,689 

425,323 

3,940,089 

96,544 

2,060,384 

1,127,573 

1,308,066 

1,539,896 

84,024 

1,972,914 

914,254 

53,884 

789,260 

16,868 

4,862,702 
2,240,636 
1,054,107 


1909 


Produc- 
tion 
(bushels), 


147,522,318 


10,508,457 
37,864,532 
25,080,615 
22,633,470 
18,375,485 
13,163,180 
3,240,108 
5,718,372 
10,938,099 


3,636,181 
1,108,424 
1,459,689 
2,550,259 
212,908 
1,540,996 

25,409,324 

1,406,778 

11,048,430 

4,663,752 
2,759,134 
3,093,321 
12,332,296 
2,232,112 

1,044,156 
6,746,668 
9,968,977 
4,374 
191,784 
3,321,073 
1,356,438 

183,094 

1,822,824 

2,952 

6,103,941 

4,225,163 

4,775,693 

362,800 

895,613 

3,405 

7,368,499 

4,640,444 

888,396 

265,841 

2,296,043 
33,875 
742, 182 
168,008 

567,054 
659,959 

17,836 

3,559,094 

417, 143 

72,814 
350,023 

74,449 

2,672,100 
1,930,926 
6,335,073 


Value. 


$83,231,492 


6,272,720 
19,856,752 
14,669,289 
11,792,016 
9,461,189 
6,073,710 
2,085,260 
5,536,183 
7,484,367 


2,121,816 
637,990 
752,337 

1,780,290 
147, 125 
833,168 

13,343,028 

956, 108 

5,557,616 

2,970,851 
1,720,811 
2,111,866 
5,969,080 
1,896,681 

769, 114 

3,550,729 

4,885,544 

7,270 

158,729 
1,612,766 

807,865 

115,371 

902,077 

2,162 

3,129,832 

2,461,074 

2,014,670 

276,410 

'    555,744 

3,849 

3,066,776 

2,172,475 

620,745 

213, 714 

1,322,785 

28,744 

573,076 

160,655 

566,938 
610,504 

37,580 

3,405,442 

420,536 

109,395 

319,691 

66,097 

2,925,761 
1,656,944 
2,901,662 


1899 


Produc- 
tion 
(bushels). 


175,397,600 


11,649,204 
52,812,804 
47,650,850 
14,322,739 
26,772,835 
12,409,702 

3,805,702 
882,598 

6,091,166 


1,421,773 
1,978,797 
1,170,822 
3,023,436 
339,445 
3,708,931 

24,111,257 
4,640,896 
24,060,651 

20,617,480 
8,620,278 
9, 178, 150 
8,931,569 
303,373 

120,143 
3,129,862 
6,496,436 
1,273 
17, 121 
1,343,497 
3,214,407 

702,920 

3,150,673 

283 

9,835,982 

7,495,743 

4,662,751 

251,728 

670,889 

1,866 

6,053,717 

5,387,775 

719, 175 

249,035 

2,811,182 

68,735 

» 333, 800 

591,986 

43,939 
223,662 
989 
257,563 
142,332 

13,471 
189,882 

10,760 

728,978 

873,980 

3,488,208 


» Includes  Indian  Territory. 


412 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Peaches  and  nectarines  (Table  64).— The  number 
of  peach  and  nectarine  trees  of  bearing  age  April  15, 
1910,  was  94,507,000,  and  the  number  not  of  bearing 
age  42,266,000.  The  value  of  peaches  and  nectarines 
produced  in  1909  was  $28,781,000.  The  production  is 
very  widely  distributed .  In  number  of  trees  of  bearing 
age  in  1910  the  West  South  Central  division  ranked 
first  and  the  South  Atlantic  division  second;  but  m  the 
production  of  1909  the  Pacific  division  (in  which  nearly 
the  entire  production  is  in  California)  decidedly  out- 
ranked all  others,  with  the  East  South  Central  division 
second  and  the  South  Atlantic  thu-d. 

PEACHES  AND   NECTARINES— TREES,  PRODUCTION, 
AND  VALUE. 


Table  64 


DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States . 


Geographic  divisions: 

New  Englsmd , 

Middle  Atlantic , 

East  North  Central  — 
West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific...... , 


New  England: 

Maine .' 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island^ 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

nUnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

CaUXomia 


1910 


Trees  of 
bearing 


94,506,657 


723,810 
6,056,690 
11,035,119 
13,265,526 
20,583,445 
10,312,768 
22,284,966 
1,605,285 
8,639,048 


5,102 
57,571 
5,492 
154,592 
39,342 
461,711 

2,457,187 
1,216,476 
2,383,027 

3,133,368 
2,130,298 
2, 860, 120 
2,907,170 
4,163 

1,571 

1,090,749 

6,588,034 

90 

1,815 
1.188,373 
4,394,894 

1,177,402 
1,497,724 
330 
1,585,505 
1,424,582 
2,661,791 
1,336,142 
10,609,119 
290,850 

2,245,402 
3,163,737 
3,177,331 
1,726,298 

6,859,962 

903,352 

4,783,825 

9,737,827 

538 

73,080 

46 

793,372 

136, 191 

51,415 

544,314 

6,329 

636,875 

273, 162 

7,829,011 


Trees 
not  of 
bearing 


42,266,243 


572,237 
5,759,925 
6,972,375 
2,582,028 
6,137,901 
3,865,232 
8,734,552 
1,696,111 
5,945,882 


3,320 
35,213 
2,187 
162, 114 
30,795 
338,608 

2,216,907 
1,363,632 
2,179,386 

2,092,300 

1,145,479 

739,358 

2,991,090 

4,148 

3,837 

283,308 

1,404,429 

604 

5,259 

263,882 

620,709 

212, 117 

805,063 

1 

780,551 

1,441,188 
861,042 
349, 790 

1,531,367 
156,782 

1,110,744 

1,190,727 

838,866 

724,895 

2,884,927 

316, 132 

2,574,680 

2,958,813 

3,386 
212,995 
419 
606,001 
184,466 
32,562 
651,233 
5,049 

1,028,141 

508,179 

4,409,562 


1909 


Produc- 
tion 
(bushels). 


35,470,276 


$28, 781, 078 


406,903 
3,201,493 
5,120,841 
1,643,257 
5,571,628 
5, 775, 799 
3,279,545 

940, 168 
9,530,642 


2,014 
23,218 

2,221 

91,756 

17,704 

269,990 

1,736,483 

441,440 

1,023,570 

1,036,340 
1,174,389 
1,222,570 
1,686,586 
956 

599 

23,180 

1,484,548 

35 

148 

110, 180 

24,567 

16,722 

324,609 

3 

243,446 

328,901 

1,344,410 

643,040 

2,555,499 

114,998 

1,623,379 
1,579,019 
1,416,584 
1,156,817 

1,901,647 
290,623 
357,644 
729,631 

128 

18,734 

5 

692,258 

32,533 

50,102 

143,237 

3,171 

84,494 

179,030 

9,267,118 


632,411 
4,018,034 
5,172,957 
1,250,944 
4,888,459 
4,098,776 
2,761,044 
1,071,446 
4,887,007 


3,205 
37,884 
4,399 
138, 716 
30,609 
417,598 

2,014,088 

652,771 

1,351,175 

1,349,311 

1,123,248 

999,516 

1,700,330 

552 

659 

24,950 

1,110,550 

71 

167 

91,129 

23,418 

21,402 

361,617 

3 

227, 141 

368,584 

1,041,767 

557,303 

2,182,613 

128,029 

1,062,138 

1,055,379 

1,055,971 

925,288 

1,502,996 
228,084 
326,315 
703,649 

235 
28,149 
30 
764,561 
37, 195 
80,325 
156,451 
4,500 

118,918 

194,314 

4,573,775 


15,432,603 


1899 


Produc- 
tion 
(bushels). 


104,737 
1,231,242 

716,670 

212, 932 
1,412,471 

549,226 
2,192,353 

267,365 
8,745,607 


1,895 

6,054 

967 

27,906 
6,140 

61,775 

466,850 
620,928 
143,464 

240,686 
69,333 
66,805 

339,637 
209 

190 
5,481 
61,006 


13 

8,753 
137,489 

9,750 

172,303 

3 

357,339 

18,100 

373,663 

129,472 

2.59, 728 

92,113 

34,700 

77,678 

184,543 

252,305 

333,642 

153,808 

•304,663 

1,400,240 

17 
17,793 


47,381 
76,204 
38,092 
&5,315 
2,563 

80,990 

101, 190 

8,563,427 


Pears  (Table  65). — The  number  of  pear  trees  re- 
ported as  of  bearing  age  in  1910  was  15,172,000,  and 
there  were  8,804,000  trees  not  of  bearing  age.  The 
production  increased  from  6,625,000  bushels  in  1899 
to  8,841,000  bushels  in  1909,  or  33.4  per  cent.  The 
value  of  the  crop  in  1909  was  $7,911,000.  In  number 
of  trees  of  bearing  age  in  1910,  the  Middle  Atlantic 
and  East  North  Central  divisions  ranked  far  above  the 
others,  but  in  the  production  for  1909  the  Pacific  divi- 
sion stood  first.  California  and  New  York  together 
produced  about  three-eighths  of  the  total  pear  crop. 
Only  one  other  state,  Michigan,  reported  the  produc- 
tion of  more  than  500,000  bushels  of  pears. 

PEARS— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  65 


division  or  state. 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. .. 
West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . . 
West  South  Central... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  Englaot): 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsvlvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky , 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi , 

West  South  Central; 

Arkansas , 

Louisiana , 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

Calilomia 


15,171,624 


1910 


Trees  of 
bearing 


296,874 
3,670,094 
3,560,083 
1,154,426 
2,325,714 

831,618 
1,045,143 

312,449 
1,975,123 


46,683 
36,816 
26,315 
113,365 
16,907 
56,788 

,141,596 
731,616 
796,882 

899,019 
708,723 
786,349 
, 136, 151 
29,841 

2,792 

191, 125 

606,973 

24 

1,844 

59,285 

292,383 

449,692 
540,583 
1,045 
457, 177 
154,908 
243,367 
105,251 
262,982 
110,709 

337,355 
233,407 
142,300 
118,556 

221,764 
57,630 
207,271 
558,478 

10,297 
65,113 
178 
99,989 
37,220 
16,351 
79,355 
3,946 

290,676 
273,542 
,410,905 


Trees 
not  of 

bearing 


8, 803, 886 


97,650 
123,242 
,441,505 
589, 140 
880,461 
506,959 
936,230 
417, 182 
811,516 


13,013 
9,397 
7,726 

38,378 
5,405 

23,731 

,502,661 
238,401 
382,180 

333,739 
229,548 
234,037 
623,931 
20,250 

4,135 

123,262 

272,213 

327 

5,087 

51,443 

132,673 

90,917 

138, 152 

32 

255,083 

102,826 

150,368 

54,732 

69,534 

18,817 

131,905 
174,675 
99,170 
101,209 

196,753 
38,242 
252,336 
448,899 

12,806 

76,939 

901 

171,367 

100,201 

12,852 

39,901 

2,215 

617,754 
795,669 
398,093 


1909 


Pro- 
duction 
(bush- 
els). 


8,840,733 


$7,910,600 


233,845 
,185,204 
,623,176 
213,678 
975, 162 
536, 422 
191,518 
268,205 
613,523 


38,964 
24,224 
20,763 
96,071 
12,501 
41,322 

1,343,089 
463,290 
378,825 

374,871 
319,925 
249,365 
666,023 
12,992 

400 

44,449 

142,547 

8 

162 

6,700 

19,412 

105,357 
367,359 
455 
74,486 
29,916 
84,019 
65,680 
149,667 
98,223 

251,536 
83,557 
100,041 
101,288 

37,547 

35,554 

7,450 

110,967 

7,543 
42,649 
16 
132,536 
29,435 
13,289 
38,654 
4,083 

310,804 

374,622 

1,928,097 


Value. 


258, 

2,029, 

1,331, 

239, 

680, 

450, 

192, 

371, 

2,356, 


43,524 
25,206 
23,788 
110,069 
14,577 
41,652 

1,418,218 
254,582 
356,240 

332,727 
243,698 
202,965 
535,771 
16,551 

465 

58,777 

148,789 

15 

447 

9,802 

21,543 

52,022 
168,561 
412 
63,424 
32, 101 
81,347 
67,685 
134,604 
80,119 

187,951 
78,448 
86,866 
96,777 

38,140 

31,069 

9,248 

114,279 

12,008 

48,045 

65 

210,685 

29,688 

21,331 

44,365 

5,119 

328,895 

366,977 

1,660,963 


6,625,417 


1899 


Pro- 
duction 
(bush- 
els). 


183,728 
2, 185, 165 
782,265 
86,804 
745,294 
180,128 
225,265 
133, 482 
2,103,286 


11,200 
19,341 
10,239 
89,011 
12,452 
41,485 

960, 170 
790,818 
434, 177 

244,565 
231,713 
133,745 
170,702 
1,540 

226 

5,014 

68,449 

157 
979 

21,978 

156,208 
301, 702 
468 
88,400 
19,475 
25,521 
20,439 
49,497 
83,584 

76,940 
43,609 
22,656 
36,923 

24,503 
29,405 
M,939 

166,418 

24 
25,324 
3 
19,272 
14,777 
13, 197 
59,982 
903 

78,236 

112,225 

1,912,825 


'  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


Plums  and  prunes  (Table  66). — Plum  and  prune 
trees  of  bearing  age  in  1910  numbered  23,445,000 
and  those  not  of  bearing  age  6,924,000.  The  produc- 
tion in  1909  was  15,480,000  bushels,  or  76.6  per  cent 
greater  than  that  in  1899,  8,764,000  bushels.  The 
value  of  the  crop  in  1909  was  $10,299,000.  The 
Pacific  division  in  1910  had  over  two-fifths  of  the  trees 
of  bearing  age,  and  in  1909  produced  nearly  four- 
fifths  of  the  total  crop.  New  York  is  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  eastern  states  in  the  production  of 
plums  and  prunes. 

PLUMS  AND  PRUNES— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND 
VALUE. 


Table  66 


DIVISION  OR  STATE. 


United  States 

Geogeapiuc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . . 

West  North  Central... 
■  South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . . 

West  South  Central.. . 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

Now  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

Now  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan , 

Wisconsin , 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri , 

North  Dakota , 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . , 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1910 

1909 

Trees  of 

Trees 

not  of 

bearing 

ago. 

Produc- 

bearing 
age. 

tion 
(bushels). 

Value. 

23.446,000 

0,923,881 

15,480,170 

|10,29»,4S5 

176,038 

90,498 

62,733 

110, 178 

1,709,712 

845,001 

858,274 

928,673 

2,739,635 

976,854 

568,383 

674,671 

3,570,012 

1,114,982 

499,784 

535,374 

1,152,080 

363,099 

257,912 

236,221 

1,324,616 

372,010 

442,125 

314,199 

2,337,965 

744,987 

327,260 

287,703 

678,268 

265,810 

366.056 

319,651 

9,756,683 

2,150,460 

12,097,643 

6,912,825 

43,676 

22,491 

14,637 

31,954 

23,152 

12,562 

7,542 

14,039 

32,920 

15,818 

7,205 

12,927 

41,345 

23,871 

17,814 

28,253 

4,836 

2,556 

1,872 

3,586 

30,209 

13,200 

13,663 

19,419 

919,017 

328,329 

553,522 

619, 192 

46,547 

23,071 

9,594 

13,476 

744,148 

.493,601 

295,158 

396,005 

1,001,734 

332, 811 

215,657 

278,505 

566,988 

177,931 

77,065 

89,073 

600,087 

141,480 

78,566 

80,384 

464,917 

253,479 

181, 188 

205,766 

105,909 

71,153 

15,907 

20,944 

233,736 

167,926 

19,920 

27,808 

1,155,041 

245,281 

158,036 

192, 421 

917,851 

183,828 

234,872 

211,472 

19, 147 

35,459 

1,048 

1,866 

268,268 

172, 186 

31,748 

36,872 

351,321 

184,066 

41,910 

50,934 

624,648 

126, lie 

12,250 

14,001 

27,115 

3,872 

657 

540 

69,996 

29,478 

13,526 

16, 192 

104 

8 

10 

24 

171,667 

59,127 

22,597 

22,772 

234,859 

125,078 

32,948 

48,522 

168,883 

45,503 

61,406 

45,274 

82,212 

21,657 

48,754 

37,555 

357,323 

62,126 

60,845 

46,366 

39,921 

16,250 

17, 169 

18,976 

355,858 

128,367 

139,346 

102.446 

499,627 

108,510 

139,093 

86,743 

211,991 

51,979 

61,712 

45,039 

257,140 

83,154 

101,974 

79,971 

731,276 

179,967 

194, 649 

137,003 

149,929 

41,419 

31,473 

24,641 

436,421 

195,836 

25,916 

28,134 

1,020,339 

327,765 

75,222 

77,925 

21, 140 

15,001 

8,777 

11,642 

302,855 

98, 017 

179, 027 

132,804 

4,564 

7,475 

659 

1,842 

143;  921 

68,525 

81,539 

81,354 

51,257 

42,351 

15, 528 

17,054 

12, 196 

7,898 

8,420 

16, 261 

135,619 

23,388 

68,249 

54,040 

6,716 
823, 082 

3,155 

3,857 

4,654 

122,912 

1,032,077 

600,503 

1,764,896 

427,609 

1,747,587 

838,783 

7, 168, 705 

1,599,939 

9,317,979 

5, 473, 539 

1809 


Produc- 
tion 

(bush- 
els). 


8,704,082 


24,976 
428,583 
696,753 
428,048 
190,561 
228,558 
397,266 
248,223 
6,221,064 


2,282 
4,942 
1,529 
6,919 
571 
9,733 

303,688 
24,685 
100,210 

81,435 
131,529 
157,941 
213, 682 

12,166 

21,820 
186,312 
111,603 
365 
8,114 
42,314 
57,520 

7,315 
19,945 


21, 167 
19,123 
22,074 
16, 177 
36,920 
47,840 

76,574 
73,315 
11,876 
66,793 

174,734 

29,682 

U2,037 

180, 813 

373 

164,468 

7 

15,224 

18,492 

3,133 

45,984 

542 

229,207 

359,821 

5,632,036 


1  Inq^ides  Indian  Territory. 


Cherries  (Table  67) . — The  number  of  cherry  trees  of 
bearing  age  in  1910  was  11,822,000,  while  trees  not 
of  bearmg  age  numbered  5,622,000.  The  production 
in  1909  was  4,126,000  bushels,  or  43.6  per  cent  more 
than  that  in  1899,  2,873,000  bushels.  The  crop  in 
1909  was  valued  at  $7,231,000.  The  East  North  Cen- 
tral was  the  leadmg  division,  both  in  number  of  trees 
and  in  production,  while  the  Pacific  division  ranked 
second  in  production  but  tliird  in  number  of  trees  not 
of  bearing  age  and  fifth  in  number  of  trees  of  bearing 
age. 

CHERRIES— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  67 


DinsioN  or  state. 


ITnited  states 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . . . 
West  North  Central. . . 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central 

West  SoutJ.  Central.... 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Ilampebire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Ulinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska , 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia... 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi , 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas , 

Louisiana , 

O  klahoma 

Texas , 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho , 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacdtc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


1910 


Trees  of 
bearing 


11,822,044 


68,236 

1,851,144 

3,853,974 

2,768,659 

1,063,825 

453,262 

385,502 

390,044 

986,798 


14,288 
9,463 
18,006 
13,396 
964 
12, 119 

673,989 

102, 124 

,075,031 

,144,271 
815, 742 
843,283 
760,183 
290,495 

25, 139 

908,764 

622,332 

5,076 

51,613 
494,468 
661,267 

16,145 

82,305 

435 

352, 783 

332,429 

108,065 

60,274 

50,723 

666 

212, 118 

201,830 

25,566 

13,748 

60,046 

975 

295,042 

29,439 

19,938 

61,881 

919 

203,806 

21,925 

812 

79,775 

1,588 

241,038 
223,456 
522,304 


Trees 

not  of 

bearing 

age. 


5,021,660 


32,687 
659,953 
1,523,247 
1,117,533 
364, 118 
257, 112 
242,569 
681,641 
842,900 


6,653 
6,326 
6,659 
6,776 
453 
5,720 

342,959 
36,743 
280,251 

342,328 
251,959 
239,605 
640,580 
148,776 

38,399 
229,352 
247,425 
21, 484 
76,293 
267,529 
237,051 

4,598 

27, 774 

83,323 
124,567 
74,111 
25, 764 
23,479 
498 

102,766 

128,406 

16,673 

9,267 

47,556 

760 

150,541 

43,712 

24,237 

95,423 

4,025 

319,624 

26,818 

1,608 

109, 119 

787 

229,067 
313,770 
300,063 


1909 


Produc- 
tion 

(bush- 
els). 


4,120,099 


14,904 

791,326 

1,410,298 

515,690 

327, 706 

94,873 

9,954 

147,854 

813,494 


2,403 
1,403 
2,506 
4,761 
214 
3,617 

271,697 

44,636 

475,093 

338,644 
363,993 
287,370 
338,945 
81,340 

1,526 

260,432 

123,314 

209 

6,924 

89,876 

34,409 

2,634 

42,315 

235 

132,671 

79,723 

53,788 

10,987 

4,979 

374 

62,163 
36,303 
3,588 
2,819 

6,993 

627 

2,372 

1,062 

7,497 

22,609 

68 

88,937 

6,384 

476 

21,402 

481 

131,392 
181,089 
501,013 


Value. 


$7,231,160 


38,424 

1,541,708 

2,362,344 

935,537 

394,990 

143,166 

14,401 

300,485 

1,500,106 


7,164 
4,133 

"7,661 

10,848 

464 

8,104 

544,508 
87,225 
909,975 

657,406 
508,616 
453,474 
590,829 
152, 119 

2,973 

455,022 

222,510 

445 

12,981 

164,872 

76,734 

4,850 

60, 121 

668 

134,428 

111,043 

60,453 

15,880 

7,199 

448 

74,340 
60,294 
4,783 
3,749 

8,424 
921 

4,393 
663 

17,985 
41,766 

251 
173,895 
10,684 

840 
54,170 

894 

278,547 
269,934 
951,624 


1899 


Produc- 
tion 

(bush- 
els). 


I  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


414 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Apricots  (Table  68). — The  production  of  apricots 
is  mainly  confined  to  California,  which  produced  98 
per  cent  of  the  total  crop  in  1909.  In  Kansas,  Okla- 
homa, and  Texas  there  are  a  good  many  apricot  trees, 
but  the  production  reported  for  1909  was  insignificant, 
perhaps  because  of  temporarily  unfavorable  chmatic 
conditions.  The  number  of  trees  of  bearing  age  in 
the  United  States  in  1910,  as  reported,  was  3,670,000. 
The  production  in  1909  was  4,150,000  bushels,  or  57.1 
per  cent  more  than  that  in  1899.  The  value  of  the 
crop  in  1909  was  $2,884,000. 

Quinces  (Table  68). — The  production  of  quinces  is 
much  less  important  than  that  of  the  fruits  previously 
mentioned.  The  total  number  of  trees  of  bearing  age 
in  1910  was  1,154,000,  and  of  trees  not  of  bearing  age 
595,000.  The  production  in  1909,  429,000  bushels, 
was  valued  at  $517,000,  New  York,  Ohio,  and  Penn- 
sylvania being  the  leading  states.  This  crop  was  not 
separately  reported  at  the  census  of  1900. 

APRICOTS  AND   QUINCES— TREES,   PRODUCTION,   AND 
VALUE. 


Table  68 

1910 

1909 

1899 

STATE. 

Trees  of 
bearing  age. 

Trees  not 

of  bearing 

age. 

Produc- 
tion 
(bushels). 

Value. 

Produc- 
tion 
(bushels). 

Apricots,  total.. 
Arizona 

3,669,714 

6,665 

2,992,453 

16,841 

187,381 
16,050 

173,515 
10,656 
10,363 
66,533 
28,978 
36,088 

124, 191 

1,154,399 

76,979 
9,826 
30,804 
56,827 
29,893 
20,936 
7,484 
35,461 
14,777 

169,031 

245,040 
8,102 

176,849 
50,708 

221,682 

956,202 

6,992 

581,524 

10,299 

28, 134 

3,537 
62,930 
18,128 

7,576 
47,895 
28,639 
80, 722 
79,826 

594,801 

65,471 
10,701 
12,180 
17,858 
12,313 

9,145 

4,531 
15,302 

8,134 
140,703 
62,413 

5,216 
77,071 
22,702 
131,061 

4,150,263 

6,849 
4,066,823 
11,403 
374 
9,805 
1,123 
4,616 
2,502 
1,839 
12,047 
10,789 
22,093 

428,672 

32,638 
4,627 
6,723 
17,873 
11,537 
6,359 
2,863 
13,484 
6,442 
132,451 
81,101 
5,354 
62,350 
13,163 
31,707 

$2,884,119 

10,053 

2,768,921 

15,658 

512 

14,490 

1,270 

7,727 

4,497. 

2,364 

12,037 

17,280 

29,310 

517,243 

26,266 

7,027 

8,037 

22,431 

11,757 

8,383 

5,754 

16,858 

10,583 

135,345 

101,369 

5,140 

102,431 

18,676 

37,186 

2,642,128 

40,578 

2,547,064 
2,363 
4  236 

Colorado 

TTHnpfl-"! , . . , 

New  York 

15,710 
I  569 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

1,665 
1,634 
1  620 

Pennsylvania 

Texas 

Utah 

5,272 
5,254 
16, 163 

Washington 

All  other  states 

Quinces,  total... 
California 

Connecticut 

Illinois 

TndiaTia 

Kentucky 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

West  Virginia 

All  other  states 

>  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


2  Not  reported  separately. 


Grapes  (Table  69).— The  total  number  of  grape- 
vines of  bearing  age  in  1910  was  223,702,000,  and  the 
number  not  of  bearing  age  59,929,000.  The  produc- 
tion of  grapes  in  1909,  2,571,065,000  pounds,  was 
nearly  twice  as  great  as  in  1899.  The  value  in  1909, 
$22,028,000,  represented  0.4  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  farm  crops.  The  value  given  for  1899, 
$14,090,000,  is  not  precisely  comparable  with  that 
for  1909,  since  it  includes  the  value  of  such  derived 
products  as  wine  and  raisins,  while  the  value  given 
for  1909  represents  the  fruit  alone.     Since,  however, 


in  all  states  except  California,  the  larger  part  of  the 
grapes  are  sold  in  their  natural  condition,  the  values 
shown  for  most  of  the  states  are  probably  quite  closely 
comparable. 

GRAPES— VINES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  69 


DIVISION  OB 
STATE. 


V.  s.... 

Geog.divs.: 
New.  Eng. 
Mid.AU.. 
E.N.C... 
W.N.C... 

S.Atl 

E.8.C.... 
W.S.  C... 
Mountain . 
Pacific  . . . 

New  Eng.: 

Me 

N.H 

Vt 

Mass 

R.I 

Conn 

Mid.Atl.: 

N.Y 

N.J 

Pa 

E.N.  Cent.: 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ill 

Mich 

Wis 

W.N.Cent.: 

Minn 

Iowa 

Mo 

N.Dak.... 

S.  Dak.... 

Nebr 

Kans 

S.  Atl.: 

Del 

Md 

D.C 

Va 

W.Va 

N.C 

s.c 

Ga 

Fla 

E.S.Cent.: 

Ky 

Tenn 

Ala 

Miss 

W.S.Cent.: 

Ark 

La 

Okla 

Tex 

Mountain: 

Mont 

Idaho 

Wyo 

Colo 

N.Mex.... 

Ariz 

Utah 

Nev 

Pacific: 

Wash 

Oreg 

Calif 


223,701,522 


Nujnber 
of  vines 
of  bear- 
ing age: 
1910 


59,928,644 


207,844 

38,676,641 

22,708,296 

9,222,«14 

1,903,341 

1,308,203 

3,937,376 

936,328 

144,800,979 


9,731 
15,802 
9,318 

58,277 

7,662 

107,054 

,802,097 
,603,280 
,271,264 

,326,800 
,049,232 
,170,340 
,013,576 
148,348 

61,916 

,983,465 

,026,526 

379 

38,647 
,221,736 
,889,845 

260,963 
138,801 
5,196 
424,701 
284,074 
411,278 

79,708 
277,658 

20,962 

605,002 

338,758 

287,431 

77,012 

805,921 

31,041 

!,  388, 213 

712,201 


68,269 
74 
254,292 
250,076 
131,579 
204,445 

26,607 

322,007 
381,302 
,097,670 


Number 
of  vines 
not  of 
bearing 
age: 
1910 


92,370 

12,613,556 

2,825,671 

1,740,265 

543,306 

265,641 

943,918 

537,267 

40,366,650 


1,944 
3,016 
1,845 

14,261 
9,634 

61,670 

,801,800 
558,945 
,252,811 

455,750 
149,441 
287,734 
,869,648 
63,098 

35,950 

446,126 

486,044 

1,464 

46,891 
380,788 
343,002 

98,950 

44,690 

200 

136,026 

76,465 

120,208 

19,704 

38,233 

8,830 

77,626 
76,040 
77,105 
34,870 

177,624 

20,936 

447,489 

297,869 

1,121 
124,806 
1,147 
101,332 
122,367 
84,510 
94,043 
7,941 

371,733 
468,598 
,526,319 


2,571,065,205 


production 

(POUNDS). 


1909 


1,300,984,097 


3,413,161 

293,527,780 

194,730,671 

41,088,852 

32,439,760 

8,143,715 

8,265,667 

4,858,195 

1,984,597,404 


231,529 
375,164 
203,011 

1,132,838 
152,937 

1,317,882 

253,006,361 

6,501,221 

34,020,198 

43,933,207 

12,817,353 

16,582,785 

120,695,997 

701,329 

293,805 
11,708,336 
17,871,816 
360 
144,634 
4, 752, 217 
6,317,684 

1,938,267 
2,152,382 
28,530 
4,108,694 
3,224,751 
15,116,920 
2,016,506 
2,767,366 
1,086,344 

3,680,182 

1,979,480 

1, 723, 490 

760,563 

2,593,727 

106,595 

3,762,727 

1,802,618 

370 

604,227 

159 

1,037,614 

425,415 

837,842 

1,576,353 

376,205 

1,704,005 

3,206,874 

1,979,686,525 


1899 


4,324,300 
299,058,493 
159,936,481 
40, 735, 442 
34,579,571 
14,817,562 
14,228,318 
5,286,730 
728,017,200 


275,800 
487,500 
240, 100 

1,308,300 
189, 700 

1,822,900 

247,698,056 
4,235,000 
47,125,437 

79,173,873 
18,651,380 
20,009,400 
41,530,369 
571,459 

573,272 
7,403,900 
13,783,666 
1,500 
16,061 
3,171,034 
15,786,019 

1,375,300 
1,685,900 
34,300 
3,608,903 
2, 192, 147 
12,344,001 
3,323,835 
8,330,485 
1,684,700 

5,134,215 
4,355,122 
4,257,600 
1,070,625 

3,621,100 

176,967 

« 6, 344, 031 

4,086,220 

1,330 

277,200 

1,200 

586,300 

1,515,900 

1,697,200 

920,000 

287,600 

1,194,700 

5,389,100 

721,433,400 


$22,027,961 


1909 


$14,090,23< 


108,348 

4,945,342 

3,129,363 

1,156,625 

909,900 

348,397 

304,454 

128,532 

10,997,000 


6,954 
10,926 

6,328 
30,858 

9,759 
43,523 

3,961,67' 
132,957 
850,708 

858,594 

287, 707 

426,468 

1,531,057 

25,537 

11,021 
330,078 
488, 755 
14 
4,7 
137,295 
184,673 

43,967 

53,498 

1,059 

156,266 
92,834 

336,083 
88,620 
99,216 
38,357 

137,326 
85,423 
81,386 
44,262 

97,985 

6,099 

122,045 

78,325 

17 
18,814 

32 
28,026 
16, 101 
25,371 
28,126 
12,045 

51,412 

98,776 

10,846,812 


1899  > 


112,614 

3,484,987 

2,244,659 

870,382 

721, 124 

356,687 

371,965 

115,206 

5,812,610 


7,584 
14,462 

7,035 
35,685 

4,736 
43,112 

2,763,711 
81,758 
639,518 

992, 745 
350,304 
383, 169 
503,268 
15,173 

15,593 

166,360 

314,807 

108 

2,158 

74, 707 

296,649 

31,701 
43,282 
539 
87,737 
50,874 

197,262 
82,706 

170,603 
56,420 

112,350 
120,199 
84,861 
39,277 

104,803 

5,927 

« 134, 880 

126,355 

173 
5,721 
50 
17, 174 
33,717 
24,779 
27,736 
5,856 

27,242 

162,543 

5,622,825 


•  Includes  value  of  wine,  grape  juice,  raisins,  etc. 


>  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


California  had  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  total  num- 
ber of  vines  of  bearing  age  in  1910  and  produced  more 
than  three-fourths  of  the  total  grape  crop  of  1909. 
The  value  of  the  California  product,  however,  in  1909 
represented  slightly  less  than  half  of  the  total  for  the 
country.     The  two   states  which  rank  next  in  the 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


415 


production  of  grapes  are  New  York  and  Michigan, 
but  they  are  raised  to  some  extent  in  nearly  every 
state.  In  Cahfornia  and  Michigan  the  production 
increased  greatly  between  1899  and  1909. 

Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits  (Tables  70  and 
71). — The  total  value  of  tropical  and  subtropical 
fruits  produced  in  1909  was  $24,707,000,  or  nearly 
three  times  the  value  of  such  fruits  produced  in  1899. 
The  value  of  citrus  fruits  was  $22,711,000,  of  figs 
$804,000,  of  pineapples  $734,000,  and  that  of  ohves 
$405,000,  other  fruits  being  represented  by  relatively 
insignificant  amounts.  The  value  of  the  separate  kinds 
of  fruit  was  not  reported  for  1899.  The  production  of 
citrus  fruits  in  1909  amounted  to  23,502,000  boxes,  as 
compared  with  7,098,000  boxes  in  1899 — an  increase 
of  231.1  per  cent.  To  the  value  of  the  citrus  fruits 
in  1909  oranges  contributed  $17,566,000,  lemons 
$2,994,000,  and  grapefruit  $2,061,000.  Much  the 
greater  part  of  the  tropical  and  subtropical  fruit 
produced  in  the  United  States  is  grown  in  Cahfornia 
and  Florida,  the  value  of  the  product  of  the  former 
state  in  1909  constituting  67.8  per  cent  of  the  total, 
and  that  of  the  latter  28.7  per  cent. 

Oranges. — In  1910  the  number  of  orange  trees  of 
bearing  age  was  9,738,000",  and  the  number  not  of 
bearing  age,  4,327,000.*  The  production  in  1909 
amounted  to  19,487,000  boxes,  or  more  than  three 
times  the  number  in  1899.  The  value  of  the  1909 
crop  was  $17,566,000.  Nearly  three-fourths  of  the 
1909  crop  was  produced  in  California,  and  most  of  the 
remainder  in  Florida.  The  production  in  the  latter 
state  in  1909  was  about  eighteen  times  as  great  as  in 
1899,  the  crop  of  the  earlier  year  having  been  greatly 
reduced  by  disastrous  frosts. 

Lemons. — There  were  957,000  lemon  trees  of  bearing 
age  in  the  United  States  in  1910,  and  396,000  not  of 
bearing  age.  The  production  in  1909  amounted  to 
2,770,000  boxes,  as  compared  with  877,000  boxes  in 
1899 — an  increase  of  215.9  per  cent.  The  value  of 
the  crop  of  1909  was  $2,994,000,  the  average  value 
per  box  being  somewhat  greater  than  in  the  case  of 
oranges.  Nearly  the  entire  production  of  lemons  was 
in  California. 

Grapefruit. — No  other  class  of  fruit  shows  so  great 
an  increase  between  1899  and  1909  as  pomelo,  or 
grapefruit.  While  the  crop  of  1899  was  affected  by 
the  frosts  in  Florida,  the  leading  state  in  the  grooving 
of  this  fruit,  the  production  during  recent  years  has 
been  very  much  greater  than  during  even  the  most 
favorable  years  prior  to  1900.  The  total  number  of 
grapefruit  trees  of  bearing  age  in  1910  was  710,000, 
and  of  trees  not  of  bearing  age  641,000.  The  produc- 
tion in  1909  amounted  to  1,189,000  boxes,  as  com- 

1  It  should  be  noted  that,  ae  in  the  case  of  orchard  fruits,  the 
number  of  tropical  and  subtropical  fruit  trees  reported  as  of  bearing 
^e  in  1900  is  believed  to  have  included  a  good  many  not  of  bearing 
age,  and  to  be,  therefore,  incomparable  with  the  number  for  1910. 


pared  with  31,000  boxes  m  1899,  and  the  crop  was 
valued  at  $2,061,000. 

Other  citrus  fruits. — The  other  citrus  fruits  are 
relatively  unimportant.  They  include  limes,  tanger- 
ines, and  kumquats,  chiefly  produced  in  Florida,  and 
mandarins,  chiefly  produced  in  Louisiana.  The  total 
production  of  limes  amounted  to  only  about  11,000 
boxes,  valued  at  slightly  more  than  $12,000.  That  of 
tangarines  nearly  39,000  boxes,  valued  at  almost 
$69,000,  while  that  of  mandarins  and  kumquats  was 
very  small. 

CITRUS    FRUIT&— TREES,   PRODUCTION,   AND    VALUE. 


Table  70 

1910 

1909 

1899 

STATE. 

Trees  of 

bearing 

age. 

Trees 
not  of 
bearing 

age. 

Produc- 
tion 
(boxes). 

Value. 

Produc- 
tion 
(boxes). 

All  Citrus  frnits'.. 

U,  486,768 

6,400,402 

'28,502,122 

$22,711,448 

7,098,486 

Oranges,  total 

9,737,927 

33,373 

6,615,805 

2,766,618 

266,116 

10,452 

42,384 

956,920 

941,293 
11,740 

710,040 

43,424 

656, 213 

46,387 

45,369 

27,271 

3,637 
23,234 

7,227 

6,875 

1,988 
1,955 

4,327,271 

56,982 
2,093,410 
1,097,896 
155,016 
38,637 
867,407 

296,111 

379,676 
7,329 

640,597 

25,589 
600,049 

80,239 

30,088 

3,873 

34 

3,839 

1,928 

1,900 

858 

222 

19,487,481 

32,247 

14,436,180 

4,852,967 

149,979 

3,779 

10,694 

2,770,313 

2,756,221 
12,367 

1,189,250 

122,515 
1,061,537 

11,318 

11,302 

88,752 

3,581 
34,871 

3,896 

3,340 

1,112 

1,091 

17,566,464 

52,341 

12,951,505 

4,304,987 

222,339 

8,648 

22,090 

2,993,738 

2,976,571 
13,753 

2,060,610 

143, 180 

1,907,816 

12,478 

12,457 

68,770 

4,188 
,    64,082 

6,553 

5,945 

2,826 

2,768 

6,167,891 
11  116 

Arizona 

California 

5, 882, 193 

273,295 

1,288 

Florida 

Mississippi 

Texas 

Lemons,  total 

876,871 

874,305 
2,359 

Florida 

Pomeloes    (grape- 
fruit), total 

California 

30,790 

17,851 
12,306 

22,839 

22,714 

Florida 

Limits,  total 

Florida 

Tangerines,  total 

CaRfomia 

(') 

Florida 

Mandarins,  total 

Louisiana 

(») 

Kumquats,  total 

Florida 

(') 

» Includes  a  small  number  of  citron  trees  In  1910  and  the  value  of  their  product 
In  1909,  also  a  small  amount  of  product  In  1899. 

*  Exclusive  of  a  small  quantity  of  citrons.  . 

'  No  report. 

Figs. — The  production  of  figs  is  somewhat  more 
widely  distributed  than  that  of  the  citrus  fruits.  The 
total  number  of  trees  of  bearing  age  in  1910  was 
822,000,  but  there  was  a  still  larger  number  not  of 
bearing  age.  The  production  in  1909  amounted  to 
35,060,000  pounds,  valued  at  $804,000;  the  crop  in 
1899  amounted  to  12,995,000  pounds.  The  leading 
state  is  California,  which  produced  nearly  two-thirds 
of  the  total  crop  in  1909. 

Olives. — The  production  of  olives  is  practically  con- 
fined to  California  and  Arizona.  The  crop  of  1909, 
16,405,000  pounds,  was  more  than  three  times  as 
great  as  that  of  1899. 

Pineapples. — The  production  of  pineapples  in  the 
United  States  is  virtually  confined  to  Florida.  The 
crop  of  1909  amounted  to  779,000  crates.  The  pro- 
duction as  reported  for  1899  was  expressed  in  number 
of  pineapples,  but  on  the  basis  of  the  average  number 
per  crate  (about  30)  it  amounted  to  about  95,000  crates. 


416 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


Other  tropical  and  subtropical  fruits. — In  addition  to 
the  fruits  already  listed,  there  are  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  other  tropical  and  subtropical  fruits  produced 
in  small  quantities  in  the  United  States,  mainly  in 
Florida  and  California.  These  include  bananas,  avo- 
cado pears,  guavas,  mangoes,  persimmons  (Japanese), 
loquats,  pomegranates,  and  dates. 

NONCITRUS    TROPICAL  AND    SUBTROPICAL    FRUITS- 
TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  71 


rigs,  total 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Florida 

Georgia 

Louisiana 

Mississippi :  -  - . 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Texas 

Vii^inia 

All  other  states 

Pineapples,  total 

Florida 

Olives,  total 

Arizona 

California 

Bananas,  total 

Florida 

Avocado  pears: 
Florida 

Guavas,  total 

California 

Florida 

'• 
Mangoes: 

Florida 

Persimmons    (Japa' 

nese),  total 

California 

Florida 

Texas 

Iioquats,  total 

California 

Pomegranates,  total 

Alabama 

Arizona 

California 

Georgia 

Nevada 

Dates,  total 


1910 


Trees  of 
bearing 


821,640 

62,731 
4,174 

269,001 
12,784 
49,424 
71,464 
65,397 
21,054 
24,807 

230, 171 
10, 136 
10,497 

<  36, 191, 389 

36,190,758 

816,175 

9,353 
836,347 

23,114 

22,032 


12,054 

15,347 

7,031 
8,293 


4,904 


16,491 

3,274 
4,987 
4,449 

3,791 

3,711 

8,933 

1,672 
776 
1,771 
1,308 
2,887 

4,551 


Trees 
not  of 
bearing 


1,028,717 

33,893 

2,518 

214,527 

12,602 

11,813 

102,043 

38,654 

7,783 

7,325 

585,396 

4,925 

7,238 

> 2, 602, 813 

2,602,585 

123,784 

1,773 
121,659 

7,515 

6,885 


23,072 

3,807 

443 
3,364 


7,775 


17,176 

8,801 
3,895 
2,718 

1,011 

1,011 

9,275 

3,652 

347 

2,745 

1,320 

641 


1909 


Produc- 
tion.! 


35,060,395 

1,773,126 

80,707 

22,990,353 

474, 287 

1, 183, 494 

2,025,308 

1,949,301 

660,624 

975, 136 

2,411,876 

234,057 

302, 126 

778,651 

778,644 

16,405,493 

264,895 
16,132,412 

10,060 

10,048 


4,920 

354,062 

95,063 
258,709 


6,278 


6,723 

2,696 
1,615 
1,175 

4,541 

4,516 

152,825 
19,090 
23,360 
30,076 
27,365 
45,550 

9,947 


Value. 


$803, 810 

80,960 
6,963 

260,153 
20,886 
50,326 
87,009 

107,609 
22,632 
49,169 
97,078 
9,652 
12,383 

734,090 

734,069 

404,574 

3,073 

401, 277 

5,661 

5,638 


10,100 

11,628 

4,018 
7,604 


5,739 


9,087 

3,344 
2,066 
2,136 

5,880 

5,830 


617 
477 
968 
920 
915 

533 


1899 


Produc- 
tion.! 


12,994,834 

140,970 

14,420 

10,620,366 

66,680 

31,880 

384,560 
61,600 
14,610 
74,050 

611,460 
7,840 

966,498 

95,456 

95,441 

5,053,637 

13,150 

5,040,227 


1,677,165 

31,370 

1,645,795 


(') 


2,721 

1,188 

1,502 

31 


« 


(») 


(») 


>  Expressed  in  povmds  for  figs,  olives,guavas, pomegranates, and  dates;  in  crates 
for  pineapples  and  avocado  pears;  in  bimches  for  bananas;  in  boxes  lor  mangoes 
and  loquats;  and  in  bushels  for  persimmons  (Japanese). 

*  Number  of  plants. 

»  Not  reported  separately, 

Nuts  (Tables  72  and  73). — Systematic  cultivation 
of  nut  trees,  which  is  for  the  most  part  comparatively 
recent  in  the  United  States,  is  as  yet  largely  confined 
to  a  few  states  in  the  South  and  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
Throughout  large  sections  of  the  country,  however, 
there  are  many  wild  nut  trees,  the  aggregate  produc- 
tion of  which  is  considerable;  but  in  most  cases  the 
nuts  obtained  from  such  trees  are  not  looked  upon  as 
a  commercial  crop  and  are  mainly  consumed  on  the 
farm.  Doubtless  the  production  of  such  wild  nuts 
reported  to  the  Census  Bureau  is  much  less  than  the 
actual  production. 


The  total  nut  crop  reported  for  1909,  62,328,000 
pounds,  was  55.7  per  cent  greater  than  that  reported 
for  1899,  and  the  value,  $4,448,000,  was  128.1  per 
cent  greater.  California  is  by  far  the  most  important 
state  in  the  production  of  nuts,  and  Texas  ranks  next. 
No  other  state  reported  as  much  as  $100,000  worth  of 
nuts  in  1909. 

NUTS— PRODUCTION  AND  VALUE, 


Table  72 


Total 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut 

Florida 

Georgia ,.. . 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . 
South  Carolina.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. . . 

Wisconsin 

All  other  states., 


PRODUCTION  (POUNDS).' 


1909 


28 


328,010 

439,382 
35,8.34 
787,854 
378,115 
137,987 
382, 5.36 
846,663 
714, 478 
439,644 
721,265 
402, 714 
946,428 
796,925 
318, 148 
134,920 
961, 137 
866,504 
823,368 
384,325 
254,521 
249,626 
773,858 
244/629 
559,093 
019,238 
177, 632 
795,804 
376,013 
783,570 
945, 932 
841,572 
974,312 
609,428 
205,666 


1899 


40, 028, 825 
193,570 
121,060 
633,700 
17,775,505 
855, 550 
98,470 
181,710 
360,680 
688,800 
484,860 
310,830 
403,270 
666,770 
65,950 
462,800 
470,700 
313,620 

1,747,620 

93,000 

249,900 

947,950 

3,451,650 

244,330 

296,250 

3  45,330 

42,980 

6,065,600 
213,320 
669,660 

1,836,970 

376,440 

602,900 

80, 150 

289,240 


1909      1899 


$4,447,674 

37,986 

4,485 

27,513 

2,959,845 

5,102 

47,456 

61, 106 

20,560 

7,344 

36,922 

7,626 

17,231 

73, 169 

6,687 

3,671 

18,956 

90,855 

39,746 

8,906 

3,684 

7,116 

74,420 

28,535 

11,691 

62,168 

13,208 

90,447 

26,888 

14,041 

662,542 

22,161 

16,049 

18, 196 

22,373 


$1,949,931 

6,315 

9,328 

8,898 

1,441,137 

17.432 
8,453 
3,997 
6,520 
6,254 
7,603 
6,097 
8,365 

51, 457 
2,055 

12,106 
7,436 

17,158 

19,838 
1,595 
6,329 

20,660 

71,122 
3,413 
4,871 

8 1,034 
2,560 

91, 149 
3,868 
5,828 

78,971 
6,109 
4,488 
1,460 
7,025 


1  Does  not  include  coconuts,  which  are  reported  by  number. 
*  Includes  value  of  coconuts.  '  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

ALMONDS,  PECANS,  AND  PERSIAN  OR  ENGLISH 
WALNUTS— TREES,  PRODUCTION,  AND  VALUE. 


Table  73 


Almonds,  total 

Arizona. 

CaUfomia 

All  other  states 

Pecans,  total 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Louisiana 

Mississippi 

Mlssoun 

North  Carolina 

Oklahoma 

South  CaroUna 

Texas 

All  other  states 

Persian    or    English 

walnuts,  total 

California '. 

Mississippi 

Oregon 

All  other  states 


1910 


Trees  of 

bearing 

age. 


1,187,962 

6,639 

1,166,730 

14,593 

1,619,521 

44,683 
13,958 
42,512 
75,519 
28,330 
36,527 
60,624 
48,822 
6,876 
96,766 
33,366 
1,087,619 
44,019 


914,270 

853,237 
2,705 
9,526 
48,802 


Trees  not 
of  bearing 


389,575 

845 

365,961 

22,769 

1,685,066 

125,734 

13,811 

176,207 

326, 779 

8,223 

119,547 

148,030 

7,214 

20, 781 

53,796 

43,639 

621,550 

20,766 


806,413 

546,804 

6,513 

177,004 

77,092 


1909 


Produc- 
tion 
(pounds). 


6,793,539 

33,759 

6,692,513 

67,267 

9,890,769 

228,341 
249, 955 
307,632 
354,046 
107,069 
723,578 
637,293 
147,420 
74,861 
894, 172 
159,823 
5,832,367 
174,212 


22, 026, 524 

21,432,260 

66,492 

79,060 

448,706 


Value. 


$711,970 

4,193 

700,304 

7,473 

971,596 

30,540 
17,603 
43,962 
47,845 
10,301 
70,635 
79,930 
10,467 
8,194 
59,481 
20,442 
556,203 
16,987 


2,297,336 

2,247,193 
6,949 
8,288 
34,906 


1899 


Produc- 
tion 
(pounds). 


7,142,710 

116,510 

6,992,610 

33,590 

3,206,850 

60,670 
86,050 
46,800 
27,440 
41,380 

637,470 

242,300 
75, 170 
10,900 

116,580 

13,020 

1,810,670 

138,400 


10,668,065 

10,619,976 
6,670 
6,110 
36,310 


1  Includes  Indian  Territory. 

The  most  important  nut  crops  are  Persian  or  English 
walnuts,  pecans,  and  almonds,  which  are  the  only 
nuts  that  are,  on  any  large  scale,  produced  by  cultiva- 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 


417 


tion.  The  combined  value  of  these  three  classes  of 
nuts  in  1909  amounted  to  $3,981,000,  or  about  nine- 
tenths  of  the  total  for  all  nuts. 

The  crop  of  Persian  or  English  walnuts  in  1909, 
22,027,000  pounds,  was  more  than  twice  as  great  as 
that  in  1899.  ]\rost  of  these  nuts  were  grown  in  Cali- 
fornia.    The  production  of  pecans  in  1909,  9,891,000 


pounds,  was  more  than  three  times  as  great  as  that  of 
10  years  earlier.  About  three-fifths  of  the  crop  was 
grown  in  Texas,  and  most  of  the  remainder  in  Okla- 
homa, Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Georgia,  and  Florida. 
The  production  of  almonds,  which  is  mainly  confined 
to  California,  amounted  to  6,794,000  pounds  in  1909, 
or  somewhat  less  than  in  1899. 


FRUITS  AND  NUTS. 

VALUE,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


72497"— 13 21  + 


418 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 
FLOWERS  AND  PLANTS,  NUESERY  PRODUCTS,  AND  FOREST  PRODUCTS. 


Flowers  and  plants. — Table  74  includes  statistics 
both  for  flowers  and  plants  raised  on  ordinary  farms 
and  for  those  raised  by  florists'  establishments  devoted 
exclusively  to  this  branch  of  industry.  Often  such 
establishments  have  comparatively  little  land,  but 
raise  their  products  chiefly  in  greenhouses  and  by 
highly  intensive  methods.  The  acreage  statistics, 
therefore,  have  comparatively  little  significance.  The 
acreage  reported  for  the  United  States  as  a  whole  in 
1909  amounted  to  18,248.  The  value  of  the  flowers 
and  plants  raised  was  $34,872,000,  an  increase  of  85.9 
per  cent  as  compared  with  1899.  These  products 
contributed  0.6  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  crops  in 
1909.  The  value  of  flower  seeds  is  not  included  in 
this  table,  but  appears,  together  with  that  of  vege- 
table seeds,  in  Table  38. 

As  might  be  expected,  the  raising  of  flowers  and 
plants  is  most  extensively  carried  on  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  large  cities.  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Illinois,  New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  and  Ohio  are  the 
leading  states  in  this  industry  according  to  value  of 
products.  The  raising  of  flowers  and  plants  is  also 
an  important  industry  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Nursery  products. — As  in  the  case  of  flowers  and 
plants,  the  statistics  presented  in  Table  74  cover  the 
raising  of  nursery  products  not  only  on  ordinary 
farms,  but  also  by  establishments  which  devote  them- 
selves exclusively  to  this  branch  of  agriculture,  and 
which  employ  only  intensive  methods.  The  acreage 
in  1909,  80,618,  was  35.5  per  cent  greater  than  in  1899, 
while  the  value  of  products,  $21,051,000,  was  more 
than  twice  as  great  as  10  years  earlier,  and  was  equal 
to  0.4  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  farm  crops. 

In  value  of  nursery  products  the  Middle  Atlantic 
division  ranked  first,  the  West  North  Central  second, 
the  Pacific  third,  and  the  East  North  Central  fourth. 
New  York  reported  a  greater  value  of  such  products 
than  any  other  state,  California  being  next  in  order. 


Forest  products. — The  census  schedule  for  1910 
called  for  the  "value  of  all  firewood,  fencing  material, 
logs,  railroad  ties,  telegraph  and  telephone  poles, 
materials  for  barrels,  bark,  naval  stores,  or  other 
forest  products  cut  or  produced  in  1909,  whether  used 
on  farms,  sold,  or  on  hand  April  15,  1910;"  and  also, 
as  a  separate  item,  for  the  "amount  received  from 
sale  of  standing  timber  in  1909."  The  schedule  of  the 
1900  census  was  substantially  similar,  except  that 
it  did  not  specifically  mention  standing  timber;  it  is- 
probable  that  some  sales  of  standing  timber  were  in- 
cluded in  the  returns,  but  that  the  total  value  of  forest 
products  as  reported  for  1899  was  somewhat  lower 
than  it  would  have  been  if  the  schedule  had  been 
worded  as  in  1910.  The  value  of  forest  products  at 
each  census,  as  shown  in  Table  74,  represents  only  that 
derived  from  farms,  which  is  much  less  than  that  de- 
rived from  land  not  in  farms.  Most  of  the  forest 
products  of  farms  are  derived  from  natural  forests,  as 
there  is  yet  little  systematic  planting  of  forest  trees. 

The  total  value  of  the  forest  products  of  farms  in 
1909  was  $195,306,283,  which  is  77.8  per  cent  greater 
than  that  reported  for  1899.  Of  this  amount, 
$102,782,078  was  the  value  of  products  used  or  to  be 
used  on  the  farms  themselves,  $70,800,983  that  of 
products  sold  or  intended  for  sale,  and  $21,723,222  the 
amount  received  for  standing  timber.  The  total  value 
of  forest  products  of  farms  in  1909  represented  3.6  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  all  crops. 

The  production  of  forest  products  by  farmers  is 
widely  distributed.  In  1909  the  South  Atlantic  divi- 
sion outranked  all  others  in  the  value  of  such  products, 
and  was  foUowed  by  the  East  North  Central  and  East 
South  Central  divisions.  The  states  of  North  Carolina, 
New  York,  and  Virginia  each  reported  forest  products 
valued  at  more  than  $10,000,000.  In  total  value  of 
forest  products,  including  those  not  produced  on  farms, 
the  ranking  of  the  states  would  be  very  different. 


FARM  CROPS,  BY  STATES. 

FLOWERS  AND  PLANTS,  NURSERY  PRODUCTS,  AND  FOREST  PRODUCTS  OF  FARMS:  1909  AND  1899. 


Table  74 

FLOWERS  AND  PLANTS. 

NURSERY  PRODUCTS. 

FOREST  PRODUCTS  OF  FARMS. 

DIVISION  OE  STATE. 

Acreage. 

Value. 

Acreage. 

Value. 

Value. 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899, 

1909 

1899 

1909 

1899 

United  States         

18,248 

9,307 

$34,872,329 

118,758,864 

80,618 

59,492 

921,060,822 

$10,123,873 

$195,306,283 

$109,864,774 

Geographic  divisions: 

2,281' 

6,447 

3,869 

1,185 

1,485 

647 

628 

233 

1,483 

1,095 
3,182 
1,952 
638 
814 
387 
290 
186 
764 

4,677,316 

11,810,076 

9,029,125 

2,642,343 

1,932,426 

1,005,548 

846,009 

753,914 

2,175,572 

2,763,771 

7,067,038 

4,488,606 

1,246,913 

1,450,924 

509,124 

229,361 

276,269 

726,968 

2,647 

13,675 

13,811 

16,614 

9,963 

8,130 

5,734 

1,731 

8,313 

1,800 

13,221 

12,063 

12,377 

6,050 

4,894 

4,041 

963 

4,083 

989,080 
4,355,340 
3,037,823 
3,841,690 
1,851,361 
1,147,669 
1,711,284 

694,096 
3,522,489 

647,563 

2,523,066 

1,794,842 

2,052,847 

851,511 

751,319 

612,413 

251,787 

738,526 

17,664,763 
19.110,766 
32,161,861 
19,891,878 
44,010,178 
29,264,946 
21,026,984 
2,580,902 
9,594,016 

10,472,941 

Middle  Atlantic 

14,621,344 

27,063,648 

West  North  Central 

11,780,749 

18,547,791 

East  South  Central 

14,784,182 

West  South  Central 

7,826,858 

740,033 

Pacific 

4,027,228 

New  England: 

Maine    

112 
93 
23 
1,203 
290 
660 

2,979 
1,436 
2,032 

1,070 
496 

1,339 
702 
252 

163 
361 
383 

4 
19 
94 
161 

44 

478 
240 
375 

25 
107 

23 
144 

49 

249 
239 
120 
39 

26 
227 

40 
335 

20 
18 

6 
164 

8 

6 
20 

1 

340 

130 

1,013 

71 
38 
38 
684 
177 
187 

1,496 

613 

1,073 

686 
174 
679 
220 
194 

143 
140 

181 
2 
11 

86 

76 

30 
174 
217 
143 
39 
61 
28 
77 
45 

132 
140 
53 
62 

25 
89 
«9 
167 

17 
5 
5 
137 
5 
2 
14 
(') 

34 
58 
672 

301,006 
236,144 
78,726 

2,465,467 
668,543 

1,047,431 

6,148,949 
2,857,709 
3,803,418 

2,384,830 
1,212,891 
3,694,801 
1,143,764 
692,839 

603,936 
657,393 
663,903 
47,221 
60,008 
356,168 
273,716 

71,429 
697,001 
303,509 
362,488 

78,377 
126,995 

52,094 
271,427 

69,106 

392,409 
344,579 
168,239 
100,321 

153,421 
126,212 
92,016 
474,360 

104,601 
43,314 
12,280 

468,685 
31,121 
11,177 
81,116 
1,620 

518,226 

268,833 

1,388,513 

155,131 
108, 161 
68,675 
1,639,760 
314,806 
487,338 

2,867,673 
1,953,290 
2,246,076 

1,399,957 
400,730 

1,894,960 
621,987 
270,872 

288,055 
320,407 
409,890 
2,900 
3,260 
142,636 
79,766 

57,013 
355,862 
519,565 
238,712 

44,384 

31,163 

7,920 

154,888 

41,417 

262,288 
175,979 
43,960 
26,907 

25,830 
76,628 
«6,644 
120,249 

33,630 

2,806 

2,480 

198,479 

4,442 

236 

34,173 

26 

50,450 
95,872 
580,646 

67 
24 
37 
1,547 
212 
770 

8,680 
2,167 
2,828 

4,718 
1,850 
3,454 
3,034 
766 

^,854 
3,430 
2,469 
472 
399 
1,997 
4,003 

182 

4,240 

(') 

669 

464 

754 

21 

1,502 

2,231 

542 

3,976 

3,079 

533 

528 

502 

857 

3,847 

341 

630 

(») 

241 

24 

18 

577 

(») 

1,342 
2,168 
4,803 

107 
34 
74 

894 
86 

605 

8,238 
1,782 
3,201 

4,600 
1,646 
3,142 
1,840 
736 

1,127 
2,905 
2,971 
131 
200 
1,694 
3,449 

174 

1,276 

1 

1,200 

647 

1,149 

84 

967 

663 

837 
2,838 
1,038 

181 

868 

276 

>804 

2,093 

62 

115 

2 

497 

32 

14 

236 

6 

155 
1,014 
2,914 

23,244 
11,897 
11,014 

605,875 
75,544 

261,500 

2,750,957 
681,814 
922,669 

860,361 
411,387 
822,284 
642,774 
301,027 

863,014 
846,912 
529,394 
30,997 
70,827 
563,053 
948,493 

39,067 
466,900 
150 
169,992 
79,268 
266,968 
4,409 
366,433 
478,174 

115,963 
697,703 
259,067 
74,946 

198,579 

87,643 

171,952 

1,263,110 

174,427 

143,234 

1,680 

72,090 

9,182 

4,535 

188,455 

493 

526,681 

783,020 

2,212,788 

46,207 
7,012 

49,626 
260,069 

42,296 
142,366 

1,642,107 
339,926 
641,032 

538,018 
254,893 
678,306 
338,644 
86,087 

383,105 
619,092 
349,449 
7,249 
12,866 
234,033 
447,053 

17,241 

123,474 

325 

214,988 

61,700 

135,084 

4,416 

172,143 

122,140 

114,749 
474,133 
131,132 
31,306 

131,045 

63,593 

n03,264 

314,511 

17,825 

38,431 

215 

65,936 

5,753 

2,914 

120,648 

65 

28,699 
151,498 
668,329 

5,573,763 
3,610,178 
3,638,537 
2,668,410 
312,022 
1,861,853 

10,365,651 

768,616 

7,986,599 

6,761,941 
6,603,322 
3,325,259 
7,911,901 
9,669,428 

5,181,508 

3,649,032 

8, 406, 823 

235,386 

257, 126 

795,053 

1,366,950 

346,062 
2,349,045 
238 
10,118,861 
4,004,484 
11,364,134 
4,613,092 
8,938,390 
2,375,882 

7,843,142 
8,610,710 
6,308,151 
6,602,943 

6,914,262 
3,584,340 
1,602,720 
8,925,662 

541,800 

1,280,512 

104,259 

305,719 

253,822 

45,312 

6,730 

42,748 

3,754,293 
2,889,991 
2,949,732 

2,652,252 

2,296,265 

2,108,618 

1,944,714 

'     196,472 

1,276,720 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

7,671,108 

469,055 

6,481,181 

East  Nobth  Central: 

Ohio 

5,625,897 

Indiana 

5,235,459 

Illinois      

2,555,890 

7,530,369 

6,116,033 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

2,602,336 

3,266,449 

4,442,131 

North  Dakota 

112,807 

106,284 

412,746 

837,997 

South  Atlantic: 

250,481 

1,170,362 

District  of  Columbia 

50 

3,797,116 

West  Virginia 

2,632,980 

North  Carolina 

4,915,991 

South  Carolina 

1,916,280 

3,217,119 

Florida     

648,412 

East  South  Central: 

4,179,480 

5,086,624 

2,494,452 

3,023,626 

West  South  Central: 

A  rlrftnWS 

2,468,718 

Louisiana ' 

1,381,867 

Oklahoma 

»  456, 240 

Texas  

3,620,033 

Mountain: 

Montana 

176,134 

315,821 

14,700 

113,055 

34,268 

48,877 

Utah  .              

13,325 

23,853 

Pacific: 

Washington < 

1,002,126 

Oregon ».. 

1,300,724 

California 

1,724,378 

>  Less  than  1  acre. 


•  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


3  Reported  in  small  fractions. 


Chapter   14. 
IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


Introdnction. — ^This  chapter  contains,  in  condensed 
form,  the  principal  data  regarding  irrigation  derived 
from  the  Thirteenth  Decennial  Census,  taken  in  the 
year  1910. 

An  amendment  to  the  Thirteenth  Census  act,  ap- 
proved February  25,  1910,  contained  the  following 
clause  relating  to  irrigation: 

Inquiries  ehall  also  be  made  as  to  the  location  and  character  of 
irrigation  enterprises,  quantity  of  land  irrigated  in  the  arid  region 
of  the  United  States  and  iu  each  state  and  county  in  that  section 
under  state  and  Federal  laws;  the  price  at  which  these  lands,  includ- 
ing water  rights,  are  obtainable;  the  character  and  value  of  crops 
produced  on  irrigated  lands,  the  amount  of  water  used  per  acre  for 
said  irrigation  and  whether  it  was  obtainable  from  national,  state, 
or  private  works;  the  location  of  the  various  projects  and  methods 
of  construction,  with  facts  as  to  their  physical  condition;  the  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  such  irrigation  works. 

As  the  OflBce  of  Experiment  Stations  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  employs  a  corps  of 
state  irrigation  agents,  an  arrangement  was  made  by 
which  these  state  irrigation  agents  cooperated  in  the 
supervision  in  their  respective  states  of  the  work  of  the 
special  agents  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  in  collecting 
statistics  of  irrigation. 

The  information  called  for  by  this  law  which  could 
be  supplied  by  farm  operators  was  obtained  on  sup- 
plemental schedules  by  the  regular  census  enumerators 
as  a  part  of  the  agricultural  census.  The  remaining 
data,  which  were  supplied  by  the  owners  or  officials  of 
irrigation  enterprises,  were  obtained  on  special  sched- 
ules by  the  special  agents.  The  data  relating  to  crops 
presented  here  were  taken  from  the  supplemental  sched- 
ules fiUed  out  by  the  agricultural  enumerators.  With 
the  exception  of  the  statistics  as  to  the  number  of 
farms  irrigated,  which  were  obtained  as  explained  on 
the  following  page,  all  the  other  data  presented  here 
were  taken  from  the  special  schedules. 

The  law  relating  to  the  special  irrigation  census, 
quoted  above,  provided  that  the  inquiry  should  cover 
the  "arid  region  of  the  United  States."  For  the  pur- 
poses of  this  report  the  "arid  region"  has  been  held 
to  include  all  sections  of  the  United  States  where 
irrigation  is  generally  practiced  in  the  growing  of  farm 
crops.  As  defined  in  this  way,  the  "arid  region"  in- 
cludes the  western  parts  of  the  tier  of  states  formed  by 


^the  Dakotas,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Oklahoma,  and  Texas, 
and  all  of  the  states  between  these  and  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  In  parts  of  this  great  territory  there  is  abund- 
ant rainfall;  but  in  each  of  the  states  comprised  in  it 
there  are  considerable  sections,  and  m  some  veiy 
extensive  areas,  where  farming  is  largely  dependent 
upon  irrigation. 

The  special  inquiry  was  also  extended  to  the  rice 
growing  districts  of  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas, 
but  the  rice  district  has  been  treated  separately  in  this 
report.     (See  p.  431.) 

In  accordance  with  the  law,  the  enterprises  have 
been  classified  primarily  according  to  their  legal 
status — that  is,  according  to  the  state  or  Federal  laws 
by  virtue  of  which  they  were  created,  or  according  to 
other  features  of  their  legal  and  economic  form.  The 
types  of  enterprises  distinguished  are  as  follows : 

United  States  Beclamation  Service  enterprises,  established  under 
the  Federal  law  of  June  17,  1902,  providing  for  the  construction  of 
irrigation  works  with  the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  public  lands. 

United  States  Indian  Service  enterprises,  established  under  va- 
rious acts  of  Congress  providii^  for  the  construction  by  that  service 
of  works  for  the  irrigation  of  land  in  Indian  reservations. 

Carey  Act  enterprises,  established  under  the  Federal  law  of  Au- 
gust 18, 1894,  granting  to  each  of  the  states  in  the  arid  region  1,000,000 
acres  of  land  on  condition  that  the  state  provide  for  its  irrigation, 
and  under  amendments  to  that  law  granting  additional  areas  to 
Idaho  and  Wyoming. 

Irrigation  districts,  which  are  public  corporations  established 
under  state  laws  and  empowered  to  issue  bonds  and  levy  and 
collect  taxes  for  the  purcha^ie  or  construction  of  irrigation  works. 

Cooperative  enfbrprises,  which  are  controlled  by  the  water  users 
combined  in  some  oi^anized  form  of  cooperation  under  state  laws. 
The  most  common  form  of  organization  is  the  stock  company,  the 
stock  of  which  is  owned  by  the  water  users.  In  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico  many  of  the  cooperative  enterprises  are  operated  under 
laws  r^nlating  "community"  ditches. 

Individual  and  partnership  enterprises,  which  belong  to  indi- 
vidual farmers,  or  to  groups  of  farmers  associated  without  formal 
organization.  It  is  not  always  possible  to  distinguish  between 
partnership  and  cooperative  enterprises;  but  as  the  difference  is 
slight  this  is  unimportant. 

Commercial  enterprises,  incorporated  or  otherwise,  which  supply 
water  for  compensation  to  parties  who  own  no  interest  in  the  works. 
Persons  obtaining  water  from  such  enterprises  are  usually  required 
to  pay  for  the  right  to  receive  water  and  to  pay,  in  addition,  annual 
charges  based  in  some  instances  on  the  acreage  irrigated  and  in  others 
on  the  quantity  of  water  received. 

(421) 


422 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


THE  ARID  REGION  AS  A  WHOLE. 


Summary. — Table  1  summarizes  the  principal  data 
for  the  arid  region  as  a  whole  as  returned  at  the  census 
of  1910,  and  includes  corresponding  data  for  the 
preceding  census  as  far  as  available.  Unless  otherwise 
indicated  the  figures  relate  to  the  year  in  which  the 
census  was  taken.  In  the  reports  of  the  censuses  of 
1900  and  1890  data  relating  to  irrigation  on  Indian  reser- 
vations were  excluded  from  the  totals  for  the  arid  region, 
but  for  the  later  census  they  are  included.  Since  the 
acreage  which  was  irrigated  on  Indian  reservations  in 
1909  was  only  172,912,  or  1.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
acreage  reported  as  irrigated,  it  has  not  been  deemed 
advisable  to  eliminate  the  figures  for  Indian  reserva- 
tions in  making  comparisons  between  the  different 
censuses.  The  general  agricultural  statistics  given  in 
the  table  for  purposes  of  comparison  cover  the  entire 
areas  of  the  states  included  in  the  arid  region,  as 
defined  on  the  preceding  page,  although  in  some  of 
the  states  the  territory  which  requires  no  irrigation 
vastly  exceeds  the  irrigated  territory. 

The  number  of  farms  irrigated  is  the  number  of 
farms  on  which  irrigation  is  practiced,  regardless  of  the 
extent  of  such  irrigation,  and  is  equivalent  to  the  term 
''number  of  irrigators  "  used  in  previous  census  reports. 
The  number  given  for  1909  is  made  up  of  the  number 
reported  on  the  supplemental  agricultural  schedules  by 


the  regular  enumerators,  together  with  an  estimate  of 
the  number  of  farms  served  by  enterprises  which  were 
reported  by  special  agents  but  not  by  the  regular  enu- 
merators. The  reports  of  the  special  agents  stated  only 
the  acreage  supplied  by  such  enterprises,  and  the  num- 
ber of  farms  was  estimated  on  the  basis  of  the  average 
acreage  irrigated  per  farm,  as  shown  by  the  supple- 
mental schedules. 

The  acreage  irrigated  in  1909  is  that  reported  by  the 
special  agents  from  information  secured  from  owners 
or  officials  of  irrigation  enterprises  or,  in  some  in- 
stances, from  pubhc  records.  This  acreage  is  probably 
in  some  measure  an  overstatement.  There  is  a  natural 
tendency  for  the  officials  of  irrigation  enterprises  to 
report  as  irrigated  the  entire  areas  of  farms  of  which 
only  a  part  is  irrigated.  Furthermore,  some  farms  re- 
ceive water  from  more  than  one  enterprise,  and  may  be 
reported  as  irrigated  by  each,  which  results  in  duplica- 
tion. It  is  believed,  however,  that  the  acreage  given  is 
within  10  per  cent  of  the  correct  figure.  In  addition 
to  information  as  to  the  acreage  irrigated  in  1909  data 
were  collected  as  to  the  acreage  the  enterprises  were 
capable  of  supplying  with  water  in  1910  and  the  total 
acreage  which  enterprises  completed  or  imder  way  in 
1910  were  designed  to  supply  ultimately  (designated 
as  "acreage  included  in  projects"). 


Table  1 


1910 


1900 


Amount. 


Per  cent. 


Number  of  farms  ' 

Approximate  land  area  * acres. 

Land  in  farms  * acres. 

Improved  land  in  farms  * acres. 


Number  of  farms  irrigated 

Acreage  irrigated 

Acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating. 
Acreage  included  in  projects 


Number  of  enterprises • 

Total  length  of  ditches miles. 

Length  of  main  ditches miles. 

Length  of  lateral  ditches miles. 

Number  of  reservoirs 

Capacity  of  reservoirs acre-feet. 

Number  of  flowing  wells 

Number  of  pumped  wells 

Number  of  pumping  plants 

Capacity  of  power  plants norsepower. 

Acreage  irrigated  with  pumped  water 

Acreage  irrigated  from  flowing  wells 


Cost  of  irrigation  enterprises 

Average  cost  per  acre 

Average  cost  of  operation  and  maintenance,  per  acre. 


1, 440,  822 

1, 161, 385,  600 

388,  606,  991 

173, 433,  957 

2  158,  713 

2  13,  738, 485 

19, 334,  697 

31,  111,  142 

54,700 
125,  591 

87,  529 

38, 062 

6,812 

12, 581, 129 

5,070 

14,  558 

13,906 

243, 435 

2  477,  625 
2 144,  400 

$307,  866,  369 

«  $15.  92 

2  $1. 07 


1, 095,  675 

1, 161,  385,  600 

348,  780,  221 

119,  709, 592 

3  107, 489 
3  7,  518,  527 

(*) 


I*) 

«  $66,  962, 275 
7  $8.  91 
3  $0.38 


345, 147 


31.5 


39,  826,  770 
53,  724, 365 

51, 224 
6,  219, 958 


1L4 
44.9 


47.7 
82.7 


$240,  904,  094 
$0.69 


359.8 


18L6 


1  Figures  relate  to  entire  areas  of  states  in  the  arid  region,  the  » In  1909.  « In  1899.  *  Not  reported. 

figures  for  1900  Including  Indian  Territory.  «  Based  on  cost  to  July  1, 1910,  and  acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910. 

»  Cost  of  systems  operated  in  1899.  ?  Based  on  acreage  irrigated  in  1899.  8  Figures  not  comparable.    (See  explanation  in  text.) 


The  number  of  farms  on  which  irrigation  was  prac- 
ticed, for  purposes  other  than  rice  growing,  in  1909 
in  the  states  of  the  arid  region  was  158,713,  or  11  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  farms  in  the  same  states. 


While  the  total  number  of  farms  in  this  region,  in- 
cluding the  entire  area  of  states  in  which  irrigation 
is  practiced  in  the  western  part,  increased  31.5  per 
cent  between  1900  and  1910,  the  number  of  farms  on 


IRRIGATION  AND   IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


423 


which  irrigation  was  practiced  increased  47.7  per  cent 
between  1899  -and  1909,  the  irrigated  farms  forming  a 
larger  percentage  of  ail  farms  in  1909  than  in  1899. 
The  acreage  reported  as  irrigated  in  1909  was  13,738,485, 
which  constitutes  1.2  per  cent  of  the  total  land  area 
of  the  same  states,  3.5  per  cent  of  the  total  land  in 
farms,  and  7.9  per  cent  of  the  improved  land  in  farms. 
There  was  an  increase  of  82.7  per  cent  in  such  acreage 
between  1899  and  1909,  a  rate  of  increase  much  higher 
than  that  in  the  number  of  farms  irrigated,  the  average 
irrigated  acreage  per  farm  being  greater  for  1909  than 
for  1899. 

The  acreage  to  which  enterprises  were  ready  to 
supply  water  in  1910  was  19,334,697,  or  5,596,212 
acres  in  excess  of  the  acreage  irrigated  in  1909,  while 
the  acreage  included  in  all  projects  in  1910,  whether 
completed  or  in  process  of  development,  was 
31,111,142,  or  17,372,657  acres  greater  than  the  acre- 
age reported  as  irrigated  in  1909. 

The  total  length  of  ditches  used  for  irrigation  in  1910 
was  125,591  miles.     There  were  6,812  reservoirs  hav- 


ing a  combined  capacity  of  12,581,129  acre-feet,  or 
nearly  1  acre-foot  of  reservoir  capacity  for  each  acre 
irrigated  from  any  source  in  1909.  The  number  of 
pumping  plants  reported  was  13,906  and  the  acreage 
supplied  by  them  477,625. 

The  total  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  to  July  1, 
1910,  was  $307,866,369,  or  $15.92  per  acre  of  the  land 
which  these  enterprises  were  capable  of  supplying  with 
water  in  1910.  The  increases  in  the  items  relating  to 
cost  are  the  most  conspicuous  shown.  The  total  cost 
of  irrigation  enterprises  increased  between  1900  and 
1910  by  359.8  per  cent,  and  the  average  cost  per 
acre  covered  increased  also,  although  much  less  in 
degree.  (As  to  the  comparability  of  the  figures  for 
this  item,  however,  see  the  discussion  of  this  subject 
following  Table  12.)  The  average  cost  of  operation 
and  maintenance  per  acre  of  land  irrigated  for  the 
year  1909  shows  also  a  large  increase — 181.6  percent — 
over  the  cost  shown  for  1899.  It  is  believed,  how- 
ever, that  the  cost  shown  for  1899  is  not  properly 
comparable  with  that  for  1909. 


FABMS  AND  ACBEAQE  IBBIOATED. 


Nnmber  of  farms  irrigated. — Table  2  gives,  by  states, 
the  number  of  farms  irrigated  in  1909,  1899,  and  1889, 
together  with  the  decennial  rates  of  increase. 


Table  2 

FABMS  IRRIGATED. 

1909 

1899 

1889 

Increase.! 

1899-1909 

1889-1899 

Number. 

Percent. 

Per  cent. 

Total 

158,713 

4,841 
39,352 
25,857 
16,439 

1,006 

8,970 
1,852 
2,406 
12,795 

69 

137 

6,669 

500 

4,150 
19,709 

7,664 
6,297 

107,489 

2,981 
25,611 
17,613 

8,987 
929 

8,043 
1,932 
1,906 
7,884 

54 

124 

4,636 

606 

1,252 
17,924 
3,286 
3,721 

M,13< 

1,075 
13,732 
9,659 
4,323 
519 

3,706 

214 

1,167 

3,085 

7 

51,884 

1,860 

13,741 

8,244 

7,452 

77 

927 

-80 

500 

4,911 

15 

13 

2,033 

-106 

2,898 
1,785 
4,378 
2,576 

47.7 

62.4 
53.7 
46.8 
82.9 
8.3 

11.5 
-4.1 
26.2 
62.3 

^5 

43.9 

-17.5 

231.5 
10.0 

133.2 
69.2 

98.6 

177.3 

California 

86.5 

82.3 

Idaho 

107.9 

Kansas , 

79.0 

117.0 

802.8 

63.3 

New  Mexico 

North  Dakota 

OklftliomH . 

155.6 
(») 

3,150 
189 

623 
9,724 
1,046 
1,917 

47.2 

South  Dakota 

Texas  • 

220.6 
101.0 

Utah 

84.3 

Washington 

214.1 
94.1 

»  A  minu3  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

*  Per  cent  not  calculated  when  base  is  less  than  100. 

*  Exclusive  of  farms  irrigated  for  rice  growing. 

The  total  number  of  farms  on  which  irrigation  was 
practiced  in  1909  was  158,713.  California  contained 
the  largest  number  of  such  farms,  having  about  one- 
fourth  (24.8  per  cent)  of  the  total  number,  and  Colo- 
rado the  next  largest  number,  nearly  one-sixth  (16.'3 
percent)  of  the  total,  while  Utah  ranked  third  in  this  re- 
spect, with  about  one-eighth  (12.4  percent)  of  the  total. 

The  percentage  of  increase  between  1889  and  1899 
in  the  number  of  farms  irrigated  was  more  than  double 
that  during  the  succeeding  decade,  but  the  absolute 


increases  during  the  two  decades  were  approximately' 
equal.  Nebraska  showed  the  largest  percentage  of 
increase  during  the  former  period  and  Texas  during 
the  latter  period,  but  in  neither  state  is  the  actual 
number  of  irrigated  farms  large.  In.  Nebraska  and 
South  Dakota  there  were  decreases  between  1899  and 
1909.  The  largest  absolute  increase  in  both  decades 
was  in  California.  In  the  period  1899  to  1909  the  next 
largest  increase  was  in  Colorado,  and  in  the  period  1889 
to  1899  in  Utah. 

Acreage  irrigated. — ^Table  3  gives,  by  states,  the 
acreage  irrigated  in  the  arid  region  in  1909,  1899,  and 
1889,  respectively,  with  the  percentage  of  increase  in 
each  decade. 


Table  3 


Total.... 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico.. 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota 

Texas* 

Utah 

Washington.. 
Wyoming 


ACREAGE  IRRIGATED. 


1909 


13,738,485 

320,051 

2,664,104 

2,792,032 

1,430,848 

37,479 

1,679,084 
255,950 
701,833 
461,718 

10,248 

4,388 

686,129 

63,248 

164,283 

999,410 

334,378 

1,133,302 


1899 


7,518,527 

185,396 
1,445,872 
1,611,271 

602,568 
23,620 

951, 154 
148,538 
604,168 
203,893 

4,872 

2,759 

388,310 

43,676 

40,952 
629,293 
12G, 307 
605,878 


1889 


3,631,381 

65,821 

1,004,233 

890,735 

217,005 

20,818 

350,582 
11,744 

224,403 
91,745 

445 


177,944 
15,717 

18,241 
263,473 

48,799 
229,076 


Increase. 


1899-1909 


6,219,958 

134,655 
1,218,232 
1,180,761 

828,280 
13,859 

727,930 
107,412 
197,665 
257,825 

5,376 

1,629 

297,819 

19,572 

123,331 
370, 117 
208,071 
527,424 


Per 
cent. 


72.6 
84.3 
73.3 
137.6 
58.7 

76.6 
72.3 
39.2 
126.6 

110.3 
69.0 
76.7 
44.8 

301.2 

68.8 
164.7 
87.1 


1889- 
1899 


Per 
cent. 


107.0 

181.7 
44.0 
80.9 

177.7 
13.5 

171.3 

1,164.8 

124.7 

122.2 

994.8 

"ii8.'2 

177.9 

124.5 

138.8 
158.8 
103.8 


I  Exclusive  of  land  irrigated  for  rice  growing. 


424 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


The  total  acreage  reported  as  irrigated  in  1909  was 
13,738,485,  an  increase  of  6,219,958  acres,  or  82.7  per 
cent,  as  compared  with  1899.  The  increase  in  the 
preceding  decade  was  3,887,146  acres,  or  107  per  cent. 

In  total  acreage  irrigated  California  ranked  first  in 
1889,  Colorado  second,  and  Montana  third.  In  both 
1899  and  1909  Colorado  reported  the  largest  irrigated 
acreage,  while  CaUfomia  and  Montana  were  second 
and  third,  respectively.  Idaho  followed  closely  in 
1909.  From  1899  to  1909  California  showed  the 
largest  absolute  increase,  followed  by  Colorado,  Idaho, 


and  Montana  in  the  order  named.  In  percentage  of 
increase  for  tliis  decade,  however,  Texas  ranked  first, 
Washington  second,  Idaho  third,  and  New  Mexico 
fourth. 

Acreage  irrigated  in  1909,  acreage  enterprises  were 
capable  of  irrigating  in  1910,  and  acreage  included  in 
projects. — In  Table  4  data  as  to  the  acreage  irrigated 
in  1909,  the  acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irri- 
gating in  1910,  and  the  acreage  included  in  projects 
are  presented,  with  classification  according  to  the  type 
of  enterprise. 


Table  4 


Total.. 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico.. 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota 

Texas! 

Utah 

Washington.. 
Wyoming 


ALL  CLASSES  OF  ENTERPEISES. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


13,738,485 


10,248 

4,388 

686,129 

63,248 

164,283 

999,410 

334,378 

1,133,302 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of  irrigating 

in  1910. 


19,334,697 


320,051 

2,664,104 

2,792,032 

1,430,848 

37,479 

387,655 
3,619,378 
3,990,166 
2,388,959 

139,995 

1,679,084 
255,950 
701,833 
461,718 

2,205,155 
429,225 
840,962 
644,970 

21,917 
•  6,397 
830, 526 
128,481 

340,641 
1.250,246 

470,514 
1,639,510 


Acreage 

included 

in  projects. 


31,111,142 

944,090 
5,490,360 
5,917,457 
3,549,573 

161,300 

3,515,602 

680,133 

1,232,142 

1,102,297 

38,173 

8,528 

2,527,208 

201,625 

753,699 
1,947,625 

817,032 
2,224,298 


U.  S.  RECLAMATION  SERVICE. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


395,646 

138,364 

400 

16,600 

47,500 

6,953 

14,077 
30,536 
30,000 
13,398 

1,610 


22,000 
5,613 


55,690 
12,905 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
ofirri- 
gatlng 

in  1910. 


786,190 

164.500 

1,200 

30,000 

113,000 


85,245 
66,241 
90,185 
21,467 

12,096 


45,319 
47,568 


74,500 
34,809 


Acreage 
Included 

in 
projects. 


1,973,016 

370,000 

14,200 

193,000 

295,000 

10,677 

113,744 
107,520 
216,185 
30,267 

24,480 


186,000 
101,  %7 


143,096 
167,880 


U.  S.  INDIAN  SERVICE. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


172,912 

19,386 
3,490 
1,020 
3,426 


67,417 

300 

2,597 

24,007 


429 
50 


11,520 

35,000 

4,270 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of^irri- 
gating 

in  1910. 


376,576 

20,974 
3,490 
2.020 

21,540 


114,340 

300 

3,381 

24,743 


86,600 
50,000 
48,699 


Acreage 
included 

in 
projects. 


879,068 

36,017 
3,800 
20,020 
51,540 


CAREY  ACT  ENTERPRISES. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


288,553 


440,940 

600 

18,060 

37,4.55 


879 
100 


106,000 
100,000 
03,657 


485 
162,418 


9,648 


24,750 


5,000 


86,252 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of  irri- 
gating 

in  1910. 


1,089,677 


6,085 
742,618 


49,500 


65,500 


20,000 


205,974 


Acreage 
Included 

in 
projects. 


2,573,874 


59,480 
1,098,661 


306,997 
'"i6,666 


633,264 


43,000 


426,472 


Total. 


Arizona.., 
California. 
Colorado.. 

Idaho 

Kimsas... 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico. 


North  Dakota. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota. 


Texas" 

Utah 

Washington 
Wyoming  .. 


IRRIGATION  DISTRICTS. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


528,642 


173,793 
115,304 
140,930 


412 
76,448 


1,500 


8,455 


11,800 


Acreage 
enter- 


were 
capable 
of  irri- 
gating 
In  1910. 


800,451 


294,108 
207,570 
177,900 


6,640 

77,228 


1,500 


8,455 


27,050 


included 

in 
projects. 


1,581,465 


606,351 
487,370 
329,796 


6,640 
91,076 


16,400 


5,980 


10,802 


27,050 


COOPERATrVE  ENTERPRISES. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


4,643,539 

101,025 

779,020 

1,273,141 

628,102 

27,372 

333,926 
78,605 
78,966 

251,911 


2,000 
149,985 
13,601 

41,186 
687,260 

81,122 
116,317 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of  irri- 
gating 

in  1910. 


6,191,577 

120,559 
984,570 
1,870,447 
782,603 
135,200 

373,022 
168,260 
88,255 
355,327 


Acreage 
included 

in 
projects. 


8,830,197 

360,639 

1,388,435 

2,436,367 

993,746 

144,200 

518,209 
240,009 
129,269 
482,054 


3,000  3,500 
169,944  399,632 
18,243    22,687 


75,011 
790,8.55 

90,805 
165,476 


146,795 

1,259,351 

115,410 


INDIVIDUAL  AND  PARTNERSHIP 
ENTERPRISES. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


6,257,387 

61,196 

961,136 

1,226,025 

403,600 

3,154 

1,191,060 
45,227 
581,406 
144,212 

8,638 

2,388 

410,078 

37,684 

49,657 
222,448 

95,655 
813,823 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of  irri- 
gating 

in  1910. 


7,666,110 

81,422 

1,131,951 

1,581,941 

483,946 

4,795 

1,495.513 
64,472 
649,841 
185,283 

9,821 

3,397 

454,074 

55,820 

65,286 

257,266 

117,145 

1,024,137 


Acreage 

included 

in  projects. 


10,153,545 

175,834 
1,512,511 
2,039,533 

676,508 
6,423 

1,982,220 

86,305 

844,128 

295,171 

13,693 

5,028 

619,986 

69,971 

104,044 

376,502 

192,310 

1.153,378 


COMMERCIAL  ENTERPRISES. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


1,451,806 


746,265 
159,457 
44,872 


62,544 
24,834 
8,864 
28,190 


77,387 
6,300 

73,440 
64,727 
66,911 
87,935 


Acreage 
enter- 
prises 
were 

capable 
of  irri- 
gating 

in  1910. 


2,424,116 

200 

1,204,059 

292,103 

67,352 


80,895 
52,724 
9,300 
58,150 


93,750 
6,800 

200,344 
87,070 
138,064 
133,305 


Acreage 
included 

In 
projects. 


5,119,977 

1,600 

1,965,063 

681,687 

104,322 


146,852 
154,623 
24,500 
224,950 


692,467 
6,900 

502,860 
151,970 
266,216 
195,967 


1  Exclusive  of  land  irrigated  for  rice  growing. 


The  enterprises  were  reported  in  1910  as  capable  of 
irrigating  19,334,697  acres,  which  is  5,596,212  acres  in 
excess  of  the  acreage  actually  irrigated  in  1909.  This 
excess  shows  the  extent  to  which  the  irrigated  area  can 
be  enlarged  without  the  construction  of  additional 
works.  It  does  not,  however,  represent  land  avail- 
able for  settlement  in  the  latter  year,  as  much  of 
the  land  that  was  under  ditch  in  1910  but  not  irri- 


gated in  1909  was  already  taken  up,  being  in  farms 
not  completely  under  cultivation.  The  excess  acreage 
lies  principally  in  Colorado,  Idaho,  CaUfornia,  Montana, 
andWyoming,  these  states  ranking  in  the  order  named 
in  this  respect. 

The  acreage  included  in  projects  which  were  either 
completed  or  under  way  July  1,  1910,  as  reported  by 
the  various  enterprises — 31,111,142 — was   17,372,657 


IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


425 


acres  greater  than  the  acreage  irrigated  in  1909.  The 
figure  would  indicate  the  amount  by  which  the  irri- 
gated acreage  may  be  extended  upon  the  completion 
of  existing  enterprises,  were  it  not  probable  that  the 
owners  of  these  enterprises  in  some  cases  have  over- 
estimated what  they  can  accomplish.  It  is  certain, 
however,  that  much  additional  land  will  later  be 
provided  with  a  water  supply  by  works  that  were  in 
process  of  construction  in  1910.  The  amount  of  ex- 
cess of  the  acreage  included  in  projects  over  that  irri- 
gated in  1909  is  also  greatest  in  the  states  named  in 
the  preceding  paragraph  and  in  Oregon. 

Table  5  shows  by  percentages  the  relative  impor- 
tance of  the  several  classes  of  enterprises  as  judged  by 
acreage. 


Table  5 


CLASS  OF  ENTEBPRISE. 


Allclaates 

U.  8.  Reclamation  Service 

U.  S.  Indian  Service 

Carey  Act  enterprises 

Irrigation  districts 

Cooperative  enterprises 

Individual  and  jwrtnership  enteriHlses, 
Commercial  enterprises 


PEp  CENT  OF  TOTAL  FOR  ARID 
REOION. 


Acreage 
irrigated 
inlg09. 


100.0 

2.9 
1.3 
2.1 
3.8 
33.8 
45.  S 
10.0 


Acreage 
enterprises 

were 
cabbie  of 
irrigating 

in  1910. 


100.0 

4.1 

1.9 

5.6 

4.1 

32.0 

39.6 

12.5 


Acreage 
included 

in 
projects. 


100.0 

6.3 
2.8 
8.3 
5.1 
28.4 
32.6 
16.5 


Nearly  one-half  (45.5  per  cent)  of  the  acreage  irri- 
gated in  1909  was  served  by  individual  and  partnership 
enterprises,  and  about  one-third  (33.8  per  cent)  by 


cooperative  enterprises,  which  are  controlled  b}^  the 
water  users.  Irrigation  districts,  which  served  3.8 
per  cent,  are  also  controlled  by  the  water  users.  Thus 
about  83  per  cent  of  the  acreage  irrigated  in  1909 
received  a  water  supply  from  works  controlled  by  the 
water  users.  United  States  Reclamation  Service  and 
Carey  Act  enterprises,  which  irrigated  2.9  per  cent 
and  2.1  per  cent,  respectively,  of  this  total  acreage, 
are  to  be  turned  over  to  the  water  users  when  the 
rights  are  paid  for,  and  many  of  the  commercial  enter- 
prises are  operating  under  a  similar  arrangement. 

Acreage  irrigated,  classified  by  source  of  water 
supply. — In  Table  6  the  acreage  irrigated  in  the  arid 
region  in  1909  is  classified  according  to  the  source  of 
the  water  supply.  Where  a  supply  is  received  from 
more  than  one  source,  the  land  is  classified  under  the 
source  from  which  the  principal  supply  is  derived. 
In  the  aggregate  considerable  areas  are  supplied  with 
water  from  more  than  one  source.  Thus,  in  California, 
large  areas  receive  water  both  by  gravity  diversion  from 
streams  and  by  pumping  from  wells,  whUe  in  Texas 
some  of  the  newer  canals  on  the  Rio  Grande  receive 
water  by  gravity  when  the  river  is  high  and  by  pump- 
ing when  the  river  is  low.  In  both  instances  most  of 
this  land  is  classed  with  the  acreage  that  received 
water  by  gravity  from  streams.  The  only  reservoirs 
which  are  treated  as  independent  sources  of  supply 
are  those  fiilled  by  collecting  storm  water  or  from 
watercourses  which  are  ordinarily  dry.  When  reser- 
voirs are  filled  from  streams  or  wells,  the  primary 
source  is  considered  the  source  of  supply. 


Table  6 


Total.. 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico. . 

North  Dakota, 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota, 

Texasi 

Utah 

Washington... 
Wyoming 


ACREAQE  mRIOATED  IN  1909. 


Total. 


13,738,488 

320,051 

2,664,104 

2,792,032 

1,430,848 

37,479 

1,679,084 
255,950 
701,833 
461, 718 

10,248 

4,388 

686,129 

63,248 

164,283 

999,410 

334,378 

1,133,302 


Supplied  from— 


Streams. 


By  gravity. 


By 
pumping. 


12, 763, 797 

300,067 

2, 216, 757 

2,745,035 

1,383,718 

35,469 

1,624,656 
254,105 
661,299 
397,069 

7,153 

4,205 

643,281 

47,122 

75,496 

954,800 

301,341 

1,112,234 


157,775 

7,711 

29,965 

13,248 

18,685 

20 

7,963 

18 

463 

1,533 

1,614 

SO 

3,585 

540 

59,196 
2,559 
9,085 
1,540 


Wells. 


Flowing.  I  p^Bp^i^g. 


144,400 

1,489 

74,128 

5,171 

1,172 

2 

207 


150 

48,877 


655 
1,448 

3,710 

4,100 

3,227 

64 


307,496 

6,096 

276,695 

3,111 

706 

1,959 

55 

139 

37 

5,952 

1 
69 

805 


6,152 

300 

5,437 

75 


volrs. 


Lakes. 


By      I      By 
gravity,   i  pumping 


98,193 

487 
16,410 
16,091 

732 
2 

22,614 

1,002 

138 

1,272 

1,280 

20 

3,279 

13,536 

6,203 

568 

299 

14,261 


58,284 


570 

15,896 

422 

4,622 

2,574 

634 

1,535 

5,617 

5 

500 
862 

406 

28 

22,915 
200 

821 

163 
1,671 

295 

4,698 
120 

6,084 

12,354 


Springs. 


196,186 

3,631 
31,779 

8,320 

19,679 

27 

17,967 

686 

38,840 

6,163 

200 

16 

10,788 

396 

13,068 

35,412 

4,207 

5,008 


Total 
irrigated 

with 
pumped 

water. 


477, 62S 

13,807 

309,134 

16,993 

20,925 

1,979 

8,023 
157 
906 

7,485 

1,615 
119 

5,211 
548 

65,643 
2,859 

20,606 
1,615 


1  Exclusive  of  land  irrigated  for  rice  growing. 


More  than  nine-tenths  (92.9  per  cent)  of  the  acreage 
irrigated  in  1909  was  supplied  with  water  by  gravity 
diversion  from  streams,  and,  including  cases  where 
water  was  pumped,  streams  constituted  the  source  of 
supply  for  94.1  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  irrigated. 
Wells  supplied  thelnext  largest  acreage,  3.3  per  cent  of 
the  total,  about  one-third  of  this  acreage  being  watered 


by  flowing  wells.  Springs  furnished  the  supply  for  1 .4 
per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  irrigated,  and  reservoirs 
and  lakes  each  for  less  than  1  per  cent.  Of  the  total 
acreage  irrigated  from  wells,  California  contained  77.6 
per  cent,  and  New  Mexico  12.1  per  cent.  In  the  case 
of  the  other  sources  of  supply  the  acreage  irrigated 
was  more  generally  distributed  among  the  states. 


426 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


IRRIGATION  WORKS. 


Number  of  enterprises  and  number  and  length  of 
ditches. — Table  7  shows  the  number  of  irrigation 
enterprises,  and  the  number  and  length  of  main  and 
lateral  ditches,  respectively,  reported  in  1910.  It 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  some  lateral  ditches 
are  much  larger  than  some  main  ditches,  and  that 
the  distinction  is  more  or  less  arbitrary. 


Table  7 


Total.... 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Kansas.. 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico.. 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota 

Texas' 

Utah 

Washington.. 
Wyoming 


Num- 
ber of 
enter- 
prises. 


54,700 

1,269 
13,970 
9,065 
3,092 
716 

6,534 

474 

1,347 

2,786 

49 

114 

3,745 

395 

2,161 
2,472 
1,934 
5,577 


Number. 


Total. 


81,837 

1,204 
14,733 
14,017 

6,568 
128 

14,980 
1,458 
2,525 
3,381 

93 

153 

6,100 


1,252 
3,852 
2,780 
7,933 


Main, 
ditches  c 


45,720 

891 
8,590 
8,405 
3,209 


6,673 
420 
994 

2,101 

47 

47 

3,582 

348 

636 
2,495 
1,600 
5,593 


Lat- 
erals. 


36,117 

313 

6,143 

5,612 

3,359 

39 

8,307 
1,038 
1,531 
1,280 

46 

106 

2,518 

332 

616 
1,357 
1,180 
2,340 


Length  (miles). 


Total. 


125,691 

2,597 

21,129 

22,570 

12,759 

316 

18,934 
2,728 
3,151 
5,854 

126 

85 

7,591 

1,256 

1,663 
7,709 
3,892 
13,231 


Main 
ditches. 


87,529 

1,727 
12, 620 
17,564 

7,662 
274 

12,990 
1,459 
1,938 
4,664 

52 

54 

5,539 

631 

941 
5,887 
2,594 
10,933 


Lat- 
erals. 


38,062 

870 

8,509 

5,006 

5,097 

42 

5,944 
1,269 
1,213 
1,190 

74 

31 

2,052 

625 

722 
1,822 
1,298 
2,298 


» Exclusive  of  enterprises  supplying  water  for  the  irrigation  of  rice. 

Reservoirs. — Table  8  gives,  by  states,  the  number 
and  capacity  of  reservoirs  used  for  irrigation  in  1910. 
The  acre-foot,  used  to  express  capacity,  is  the  quantity 
of  water  required  to  cover  1  acre  to  the  depth  of  1  foot, 
or  43,560  cubic  feet.  Most  of  these  reservoirs  are 
filled  from  streams  during  flood  season  and  in  the 
winter,  the  stored  water  being  used  in  the  late  sum- 
mer on  land  which  receives  its  earlier  supply  by 
gravity  diversion  from  streams.  Some,  however,  store 
storm  water  flowing  in  drainage  channels  which  are 
ordinarily  dry. 


Table  8 

KESKEVOIRS. 

STATE. 

Number. 

Capacity 
(acre-feet). 

Total 

6,812 

402 
1,583 
1,084 

243 
42 

827 
44 
109 
522 

22 
11 
271 
314 

288 
480 
156 
414 

12,581,129 

1,349,938 
743  269 

Arizona 

CaUfomia 

Colorado 

2,646^593 

1,742,303 

31,024 

680,261 

2,098 

325,953 

454  162 

Idaho 

Kansas 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico 

North  Dakota 

132  187 

Oklahoma 

'  22 

Oregon 

1,024,266 
216  205 

South  Dakota 

Texas' 

72,051 
588,317 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 

2,550;937 

1  EjKSlusive  of  reservoirs  supplying  water  tor  the  irrigation  of  rice. 


Wells. — Table  9  shows  the  number  and  capacity  of 
flowing  and  pumped  wells  used  for  irrigation  in  1910. 
The  capacities  reported  are  estimates  made  by  the 
owners,  and  are  often  not  very  accurate,  as  few  well 
owners  hai,ve  facilities  for  measuring  the  discharge  of 
wells.  In  the  case  of  pumped  wells  many  of  the  state- 
ments of  capacity  are.  based  on  the  estimated  pump 
capacity,  the  capacity  of  the  wells  themselves  never 
having  been  tested. 


Table  9 

WELLS. 

STATE. 

Flowing. 

Pumped. 

Num- 
ber. 

Capacity 
(gallons 

per 
minute). 

Num- 
.  ber. 

Capacity 
(gallons 

per 
minute). 

Total... 

5,070 

214 

2,361 

313 

62 

3 

15 

1,345,596 

9,953 

4/?,  343 

41,989 

7,200 

30 

22,185 

14,568 

470 
10,724 
121 
24 
939 

10 

66 

6 

466 

1 
65 
92 

4 

1,412 

27 

128 

3 

5  426  139 

Arizona 

765,921 

4,119,575 

53,564 

2  826 

Idaho 

Kansas 

73' 362 

5  263 

Nebraska 

3,363 
1  349 

19 
673 

1,302 
669,268 

New  Mexico 

190,690 
15 

North  Dakota 

Oklahoma 

1,791 
20,883 

51 
42 

122 

1,138 

55 

2 

3,035 
14,382 

36,939 

42,794 

18,926 

250 

24 

Texas ' 

121,631 
4,827 

Utah 

60,220 
835 

Wyoming 

«  Exclusive  of  wells  supplying  water  for  the  irrigation  of  rice. 

Pumping  plants. — Table  10  gives  the  number  of 
pumping  plants  used  for  irrigation  in  1910,  with  the 
capacities  of  power  plants  and  pumps.  The  capacities 
are  given  as  reported  by  the  owners,  and  in  most  cases 
represent  the  rated  capacities  claimed  by  the  manu- 
facturers of  the  apparatus,  which  are  probably  in  ex- 
cess of  the  capacities  obtained  in  use  under  ordinary 
field  conditions. 


Table  ID 

PUMPING  PLANTS. 

STATE. 

Number. 

Capacity 
of  power 
plants 
(horse- 
power). 

Capacity 
of  pumps 
(gallons 

per 
minute). 

Total 

13,906 

429 
9,297 
206 
58 
698 

125 
75 
18 

413 

4 

68 

229 

8 

1,784 
69 
391 
34 

243,435 

37,258 

128,143 

7,969 

7,065 

1,517 

3,511 

140 

693 

14,226 

2,038 

107 

3,095 

63 

20,916 

2,143 

13,847 

705 

9,947,909 

851,873 

5,276,298 

296,937 

278,569 

128,276 

281,199 

5,366 

24,295 

216,355 

182,115 

4,641 

118,514 

5,289 

Texas  1               

1,466,285 

Utah 

315,057 

365,411 

142,529 

1  Exclusive  of  plants  supplying  water  for  the  irrigation  of  rice. 


IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 

COST. 


427 


Table  11  gives,  by  states,  the  total  cost  of  irrigation 
enterprises  in  the  arid  region  as  reported  at  the  Elev- 
enth, Twelfth,  and  Thirteenth  Censuses,  and  also  the 


estimated  final  cost  of  enterprises  which  were  either 
completed  or  under  way  on  July  1,  1910,  the  date  of 
the  census  of  irrigation  of  1910. 


Table  11 


Total. 


Ariiona... 
IJalifomla . 
Colorado.. 

Idaho 

Kansas 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico. 


COST  OF  lEEIGATION  ENTEEPEISES. 


1910 


Estimated  final 
cost. 


North  Dakota.. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

South  Dakota. . 


Texas* 

Utah 

Washington. 
Wyoming... 


1424,281,186 

24,828,868 
84,392,344 
76,443,239 
58,451,106 
1,366,563 

32,382,077 

9,485,231 

12,188,756 

.11,640,091 

836,482 

47,200 

39,216,619 

3,800,556 

8,613,533 
17,840,775 
22,322,856 
20,425,890 


Cost  to  July  1. 


$307,866,369 

17,677,966 
72,580,030 
56,636,443 
40,977,688 
1,365,563 

22,970,958 
7,798,310 
6,721,924 
9,154,897 

836,482 

47,200 

12,760,214 

3,043,140 

7,346,708 
14,028,717 
16,219,149 
17,700,980 


1809 


166,962,275 

4,438,352 
19,181,610 
11,758,703 

5,120,399 
529,755 

4,683,073 
1,310,698 
1,537,659 
4,165,312 

16,980 

21,872 

1,843,771 

284,747 

705,608 
5,865,302 
1,525,369 
3,973,165 


1889 


'$29,611,000 

465,000 

13,005,000 

6,369,000 

1,029,000 

(') 

1,623,000 

(') 
1,251,000 
512,000 

(») 


826,000 
(•) 

(») 
2,780,000 
197,000 
1,281,000 


Increase. 


1899-1910 > 


Amount.         Per  cent, 


$240,904,094 

13,239,614 
53,398,420 
44,877,740 
35,857,289 
835,808 

18,287,885 
6,487,612 
5,184,365 
4,989,585 

819,502 

25,328 

10,916,443 

2,758,393 

6,641,100 
8,163,415 
14,693,780 
13,727,815 


369.8 

298.3 
278.4 
381.7 
700.3 
157.8 

390.6 
496.0 
337.2 
119.8 

4,826.3 
115.8 
692.1 
968.7 

941.2 
139.2 
963.3 
345.5 


1889-1899 


Percent. 


126.1 

854.5 
47.5 
84.6 

397.6 


188.5 


22.9 
713.5 


lU.O 
674.3 
210.2 


>  Increase  computed  on  the  basis  of  the  cost  to  July  1, 1910. 

*  Includes  $273,000  Tor  Kansas,  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Texas,  which  are  not  shown  separately  in  the  report  of  the  census  of  1890,  these  five  states 


being  grouped  under  the  designation  of  "subhumid  region.*' 
'  Separate  figures  not  avajflable. 
*  Exclusive  of  enterprises  supplying  water  for  the  irrigation  of  rice. 

The  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  up  to  July  1,  1910, 
as  reported  at  the  Thirteenth  Census,  includes  the  cost 
of  construction,  the  cost  of  acquiring  rights,  and  any 
added  costs  incident  to  construction,  such  as  the 
purchase  of  land  for  rights  of  way,  the  buUding  of 
structures  for  use  in  operation  and  maintenance,  and 
engineeriug  and  legal  expenses.  For  all  of  the  larger 
enterprises  the  cost  is  that  given  by  the  owners^  but 
it  is  probable  that  in  many  cases  this  is  estimated 
rather  than  taken  from  actual  accounts.  For  some  of 
the  smaller  enterprises  the  cost  was  estimated  by  the 
special  agents  of  the  Census  Bureau,  and  in  the  case 
of  some  schedules  received  by  mail  the  cost  has  been 
estimated  in  the  bureau  on  the  basis  of  the  average 
cost  per  acre  for  other  enterprises  of  the  same  class  in 
the  same  vicinity.  Many  of  the  smaller  ditches  were 
built  a  number  of  years  ago  by  their  owners  without 
the  expenditure  of  much,  if  any,  money,  and  many  of 
these  have  since  changed  hands.  In  such  cases  the 
cost  given  by  the  present  owners  is  only  a  rough  esti- 
mate. The  data  as  to  cost  reported  for  1899  and  1889 
are  probably  somewhat  less  accurate  than  those  for 
1910.  The  figure  for  cost  given  in  the  Twelfth  Census 
report  is  designated  as  the  "cost  of  construction  of 
systems  operated  ui  1899."  The  figure  for  cost  at  the 
Eleventh  Census  is  an  estimate  consisting  of  the  sum 
of  the  amounts  obtained  by  multiplying  the  acreage 
irrigated  by  the  average  first  cost  per  acre  of  obtaining 
water,  or  of  water  rights,  as  given  by  the  irrigators. 
Although  not  specifically  stated  in  the  reports  for  the 


previous  censuses,  it  is  probable  that  the  figures  there 
given  include  the  same  items  represented  in  the  figure 
for  cost  in  1910. 

The  total  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  up  to  July  1, 
1910,  was  reported  as  $307,866,369,  which  represents 
an  increase  of  $240,904,094,  or  359.8  per  cent  over 
the  cost  reported  at  the  census  of  1900.  In  no  state 
in  the  arid  region  was  the  increase  in  cost  for  this 
period  less  than  100  per  cent,  the  highest  percentage 
of  increase  being  in  North  Dakota  and  the  lowest  in 
Oklahoma.  With  respect  to  absolute  increase  Cali- 
fornia ranked  first,  Colorado  second,  Idaho  third,  and 
Montana  fourth.  The  year  1910  was  in  the  midst  of 
a  period  of  great  activity  in  the  construction  of  irriga- 
tion works,  and  on  July  1,  1910,  a  large  number  of 
works  were  incomplete.  The  "estimated  final  cost" 
reported,  $424,281,186,  is  the  sum  of  the  cost  up  to 
July  1  and  the  estimated  cost  of  completing  these 
unfinished  works. 

Average  cost  per  acre. — Table  12  gives  the  average 
cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  per  acre.  The  averages 
for  1889  and  1899  are,  with  one  exception,  for  the  acre- 
age actually  irrigated  in  the  respective  years.  These 
averages  are  probably  considerably  higher  than  if  they 
had  been  calculated  on  the  basis  of  the  acreage  the  en- 
terprises were  capable  of  irrigating.  At  the  Thirteenth 
Census  the  average  cost  per  acre  has  been  computed  by 
dividing  the  cost  to  July  1,  1910,  by  the  acreage  which 
enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910.  Aver- 
ages based  on  the  acreage  irrigated  in  1909  and  the  cost 


428 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


to  July  1, 1910,  are,  however,  also  presented  as  a  rough 
basis  for  comparison  with  the  averages  for  the  pre- 
vious censuses.  In  addition,  averages  based  on  the 
estimated  final  cost  of  enterprises  and  the  acreage 
which  their  owners  expect  finally  to  be  able  to  supply 
with  water  are  given.  These  latter  averages  would 
represent  most  accurately  the  true  cost  of  providing 
works  to  supply  water  for  irrigation,  were  it  not  for  a 
more  or  less  general  tendency  to  underestimate  cost 
and  overestimate  the  acreage  it  ^vill  be  possible  to 
serve. 


Table  12 

AVERAGE  COST  OF  IBRIGATION  ENTERPRISES  PER  ACRE. 

•• 

1910 

1899 

BUTE. 

Based  on 
cost  to 
Julyl, 

1910,  and 
acreage 
enter- 
prises were 

capable  of 

irrigating 
in  1910. 

Based  on 
cost  to 
July  1, 

1910,  and 
acreage 

irrigated 
in  1909. 

Based  on 
estimated 
final  cost 

and 
acreage 
included 

In 
projects. 

1889 

Total 

$15.92 

45.60 
20.05 
14.19 
17.15 
9.75 

10.42 
18.17 
7.99 
14.19 

38.17 
7.38 
15.36 
23.69 

21.57 
11.22 
34.47 
10.80 

$22.41 

55.23 
27.24 
20.29 
28.64 
36.44 

13.68 
30.47 
9.58 
19.83 

81.62 
10.76 
18.60 
48.11 

44.72 
14.04 
48.51 
15.62 

$13.64 

26.30 
15.37 
12.92 
16.47 
8.47 

9.21 
13.95 

9.89 
10.56 

21.91 
5.53 

15.52 
18.85 

11.43 
9.16 

27.32 
9.18 

$8.91 

23.94 
13.27 
7.30 
13.79 
22.43 

4.92 
8.82 
3.05 
20.43 

3.49 
7.93 

4.75 
6.52 

17.23 
9.32 

I12.-08 
6.  6 

$8.15 

7.07 

California 

12.95 

Colorado 

7.15 

Idaho 

4.74 

C) 

4.63 

V-) 

Nevada 

7.58 

New  Mexico 

5.58 

North  Dakota 

(.') 

Oklahoma 

4.64 

South  Dakota 

C') 

Texas ' 

(S) 

Utah 

10.55 

Washington 

4.03 

Wyoming 

3.62 

1  Based  on  acreage  under  ditch  in  1899. 

» Figures  for  Kansas,  Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Texas  are 
not  shown  separately  in  the  report  of  the  census  of  1890,  these  five  states  being 
grouped  under  the  designation  of  "subhumid  region."  The  average  for  the  sub- 
bumid  region  was  $4.07. 

'  Exclusive  of  land  irrigated  for  rice  growing. 

The  average  cost  per  acre  based  on  the  acreage  irri- 
gated in  1909  was  $22.41;  that  based  on  the  acreage 
enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910  was 
$15.92;  and  that  based  on  the  estimated  total  cost 
and  the  acreage  included  in  projects  was  $13.64. 

Between  1889  and  1899  there  was  no  marked  increase 
in  the  average  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  per  acre  of 
land  irrigated,  but  in  1910  the  average  cost  per  acre  was 
very  much  higher.  The  chief  reason  for  this  is  the 
fact  that,  naturally,  irrigation  enterprises  were  first 
undertaken  where  water  could  be  most  easily  secured 
and  engineering  difl&culties  were  least  serious.  The 
enterprises  undertaken  during  more  recent  years  have 
been  of  necessity  on  a  much  larger  scale  than  those  built 
formerly,  and,  in  most  cases,  of  a  better  and  more  per- 
manent type  of  construction  Indeed,  much  of  the 
cost  incurred  between  1899  and  1910  was  for  the  im- 


provement of  existing  works,  especially  by  the  addition 
of  reservoirs,  which  did  not  provide  water  for  new 
lands,  but  rather  provided  a  better  supply  for  land 
already  irrigated. 

Average  cost  per  acre,  by  type  of  enterprise. — Tabic 
13  gives  the  average  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  per 
acre  in  1910,  computed  in  the  three  ways  just  shown, 
for  each  class  of  enterprises. 


Table  13 


CLASS  OF  ENTERPRISE. 


All  classes 

U.  S.  Reclamation  Service 

U.  S.  Indian  Service 

Carey  Act  enterprises 

Irrigation  districts 

Cooperative  enterprises 

Individual  and  partnership  enterprises 
Commercial  enterprises 


AVERAGE  COST  OF  IRRIGATION 
ENTERPRISES  PER  ACRE. 


Based  on 
cost  to  July 
1.1910,  and 
acreage  en- 
terprises 
were  capa- 
ble of  irri- 
gating in 
1910. 


Based  on 
cost  to  July 
1,1910,  and 
acreage 
irrigated 
in  1909. 


$15.92 

67.52 
12.78 
30.53 
27.37 
12.89 
7.09 
24.98 


$22. 41 

134. 17 
27.83 

115.30 
41.44 
17.19 
8.69 
41.71 


Based  on 
estimated 
final  cost 
and  acre- 
age in- 
cluded 

In 
projects. 


$13.84 

48.14 
13.33 
21.75 
20.33 
10.07 
5.22 
16. 7» 


The  highest  average  cost  per  acre  on  each  basis  is 
shown  for  the  United  States  Reclamation  Service  en- 
terprises, and  the  next  highest  in  each  case  for  Carey 
Act  enterprises.  Irrigation  districts  ranked  third 
and  commercial  enterprises  fourth,  except  in  one 
case  where  the  order  is  reversed.  These  four  classes 
comprise  the  large  enterprises  which  are  now  en- 
gaged in  developing  new  lands,  and  most  of  their 
work  is  of  recent  date.  The  works  built  by  indi- 
viduals or  cooperative  enterprises,  which  are  smaller 
and  were  for  the  most  part  built  at  an  earlier  period, 
naturally  utilized  the  sources  from  which  water  could 
be  most  readily  diverted  and  transported  to  the  land 
to  be  irrigated.  The  larger  works  of  recent  date  serve 
land  farther  from  the  streams  and  involve  better,  more 
expensive,  and  more  permanent  construction,  and  as  a 
result  the  average  cost  per  acre  is  higher  than  that  for 
the  small  works. 

Average  cost  per  acre,  by  size  groups. — The  average 
cost  of  irrigation  works  per  acre  for  enterprises  classi- 
fied by  size  is  shown  in  Table  14.  The  classification 
is  based  on  the  acreage  intended  ultimately  to  be 
irrigated. 

It  will  be  noted  that  in  general  the  cost  per  acre 
irrigated  increases  with  the  size  of  enterprises.  This 
condition  is  due  at  least  in  a  considerable  measure  to 
the  fact  already  noted  that  most  of  the  larger  enter- 
prises, which  are  mainly  of  recent  date,  have  had  to 
seek  water  more  difficult  to  obtain  than  that  secured 
by  the  smaller  enterprises,  and  that  they  represent  a 
better  type  of  work. 


IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


429 


Table  14 


Number  of  enterprises 

Acreage: 

Irrigated  in  1909 

Enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910 

Induaed  in  projects 

Cost: 

To  July  1, 1910 

Estimated  final 

Average  cost  x)er  acre  based  on: 

Acreage  irrigated  In  1909  and  cost  to  July  1, 1910 

Acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910  and  cost  to  July 

1,1910 

Acreage  included  in  projects  and  estimated  final  cost 


Total. 


54,700 

13,738,485 
19,334,697 
31,111,142 

$307,866,360 
$424,281,186 


$22.41 


$15.92 
$13.64 


ENTERPRISES  CONTAINING- 


Less  than  25,000 
acres. 


54,548 

11,395,874 
14,789,465 
20,632,614 


$175,308,121 
$207,068,121 


$15.38 


$11.85 
$10.04 


25,000  to  50,000 
acres. 


832,024 
1,281,145 
2,420,289 


$23,411,977 
$33,154,836 


$28.14 


$18.27 
$13.70 


50,000  to  75,000   75,000  to  100,000  i    100,000  acres 
acres.  acres.  and  over. 


412,685 

728,795 

1,623,348 


$19,524,778 
$33,537,574 


$47. 31 


$26.79 
$20.66 


16 

264,096 

493,514 

1,309,247 


$14,420,824 
$21,368,421 


$54.60 


$29.22 
$16.32 


34 

833,806 
2,041,778 
5,125,644 


$75,200,669 
$129,152,234 


$90.19 


$36.83 
$25.20 


Operation  and  maintenance. — Table  15  gives  the 
average  cost  per  acre  for  the  operation  and  mainte- 
nance of  irrigation  enterprises  in  1909.  The  inquirj- 
as  to  this  item  was  not  extended  to  individual  and 
partnership  enterprises,  for  the  reason  that  farmers 
owning  their  own  ditches  usually  clean  and  repair  them 
at  odd  times  without  keeping  any  record  of  the  time 
or  money  expended.  In  the  case  of  some  enterprises 
of  other  classes,  no  reports  were  received.  The  sta- 
tistics for  cost  of  operation  reported  at  the  two  previous 
censuses,  for  various  reasons,  are  not  fairly  comparable 
with  those  for  1909,  and  consequently  are  not  shown 
in  the  table. 

For  the  arid  region  as  a  whole,  the  average  cost  of 
operation  and  maintenance  per  acre  irrigated  was  $1 .07. 
The  abnormal  cost  shown  for  North  Dakota  (S28.40) 
relates  almost  entirely  to  a  single  large  project  which 
supplied  water  in  1909  to  only  a  small  part  of  the 
acreage  which  it  is  designed  to  serve.  The  lowest 
average  is  for  Oklahoma  ($0.51  per  acre). 


Table  15 


Acreage  irri- 
gated in  1909 
by  enterprises 

for  which 
cost  of  opera- 
tion and 
maintenance 
was  reported. 


Total. 


Arizona... 
California. 
Colorado.. 

Idaho 

Kansas 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Mexico... 

North  Dakota. 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

SouUi  Dakota. 


Texas' 

Utah 

Washington. 
Wyoming... 


6,379,956 

230,429 
1.368,247 
1,401,670 

883,698 
34,255 

394,507 
209,023 
88,976 
278,439 

1,610 

1,969 

263,855 

25,514 

109,607 
689,994 
176, 197 
221,875 


REPORTED  COST  OF  OP- 
ERATION AND  MAINTE- 
NANCE IN  1909. 


Amount. 


$6,888,433 

214,358 
2, 109, 431 
1,046,268 

560,032 
54,595 

349,662 
227,385 
86,110 
377,972 

45.718 

1,000 

198,111 

16,288 

356,200 
451,283 
543,312 
190,648 


Average 
per  acre 
for  which 
cost  was 
reported. 


$1.07 

0.93 
1.54 
0.75 
0.63 
1.59 

0.39 
1.09 
0.97 
1.36 

28.40 
0.51 
0.75 
0.04 

3.25 
0.65 
3.08 
0.86 


>  Exclusive  of  enterprises  supplying  water  for  the  irrigation  of  rice. 


CEOPS. 


The  returns  of  crops  grown  on  irrigated  land,  which 
were  made  by  the  regular  enumerators  of  population 
and  agriculture,  are  somewhat  incomplete,  for  the 
reason  that,  owing  to  the  late  date  at  which  the  pro- 
visions of  law  regarding  the  irrigation  census  were 
passed,  the  enumerators  could  not  be  as  carefully 
instructed  regarding  the  special  irrigation  schedules  as 
regarding  the  regular  agricultural  schedules.  On 
many  of  the  schedules  the  agricultural  enumerators 
reported  land  as  irrigated  but  failed  to  return  sepa- 
rately the  crops  grown  on  such  land.  The  total  acre- 
age of  crops  reported  as  raised  on  irrigated  land 
formed  52.7  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  irrigated  in 
1909;  and  while  part  of  the  remainder  was  doubtless 
in  pasture,  it  is  evident  that  part  was  in  crops  not 
reported  as  grown  under  irrigation  and  a  part  was 
probably  in  crops  not  harvested.  Although  the  totals 
are  thus  incomplete,  the  returns  are  sufficiently  accu- 
rate to  afford  reliable  averages  of  yields  and  values  and 
to  show  the  relative  importance  of  the  vaiious  crops. 

Table  16  gives,  by  states,  the  total  acreage  and  total 
value  of  crops  reported  as  irrigated  in  1909,  with  the 
average  value  per  acre. 


Table  16 

STATK. 

CROPS  IRRIGATED  IN  1909. 

Acreage. 

Value. 

Total. 

Average 
per  acre. 

Total 

7,241,561 

171,302 
1,196,767 
1,650,356 

772,684 
22,118 

909,342 
137,211 
356,079 
230,034 

3,273  , 
2,806 
368,911 
38,438 

58,227 
679,744  j 
160,483  1 
583,786  j 

1 

$181,617,396 

4,718,100 
52,057,007 
39,478,994 
16,582,213 
477,025 

14,535,960 
1,973,860 
5,339,475 
5,705,922 

56,215 

51,995 

7,489.255 

505,684 

2.645,385 
14,642,792 
7,994.531 
7,362.983 

$25.08 

Arizona 

27.54 

California 

43.50 

Colorado 

23.92 

Idaho 

21.46 

Kansas 

21.57 

Montana 

15.90 

Nebraska 

14.39 

Nevada ." 

15.00 

New  Mexico 

24.80 

North  Dakota       

17.18 

18.53 

20.30 

South  Dsjcota 

13.16 

Texas  • 

45.43 

Utah  

25.26 

Washington  

49.82 

12.61 

>  Exclusive  of  rice. 


The  table  shows  for  all  crops  reported  as  irrigated 
an  average  value  per  acre  of  S25.08. 

The  highest  average  value  per  acre  for  crops  raised 
on  ii-rigated  land  is  that  for  Washington,  $49.82,  which 


480 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 

these  yields  were  expressed  and  because  the  general 
agricultural  schedules  do  not  show  the  acreage  in  these 
crops. 


is  followed  by  that  for  Texas,  $45.43  (exclusive  of 
rioe),  and  that  for  California,  $43.50.  Wyonung 
showed  the  lowest  average  value  per  acre,  $12.61.  As 
is  to  be  expected,  the  average  value  per  acre  is  highest 
in  the  states  with  large  areas  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and 
other  specialized  crops  raised  by  means  of  irrigation, 
while  in  those  where  forage  crops  and  grains  predomi- 
nate the  average  is  lower.  Fruit  crops  comprised 
about  12  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  of  irrigated  crops 
in  Washmgton  in  1909  and  about  21  per  cent  of  the 
total  in  California,  and  vegetables  and  other  special 
crops  about  21  per  cent  of  the  total  acreage  of  irri- 
gated crops  m  Texas,  exclusive  of  rice.  In  Wyommg, 
on  the  other  hand,  more  than  32  per  cent  of  the  total 
acreage  of  irrigated  crops  in  1909  was  in  wild  grass, 
and  irrigated  fruit  crops  were  insignificant. 

Table  17  shows  the  reported  acreage  and  value  of 
each  important  irrigated  crop  in  the  arid  region  as 
a  whole,  with  the  percentage  of  the  total  represented 
by  each. 


Table  17 


Total  reported 

AUaUa 

WUd,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses. 
Oats. 


Wheat 

Barley 

Orchard  fruits  and  grapes 

Other  tame  or  cultivated  grasses. 

Grains  cut  green 

Timothy  alone 

Sugar  beets 

Timothy  and  clover  mixed 

Potatoes 

Corn 

Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits  .. 
All  other 


CROPS  IBRIGATED  IN  1909. 


Acreage. 


Amoxmt. 


241,561 

,216,628 
530,669 
739, 632 
548,173 
240, 117 
236,385 
219,701 
209,363 
202,817 
183,467 
183,308 
168,014 
133,673 
99,431 
330.183 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 
30.6 
21.1 
10.2 
7.6 
3.3 
3.3 
3.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.5 
2.5 
2.3 
1.8 
1.4 
4.6 


Value. 


Amount. 


{181, 617, 

50,850, 

11,734, 

14,056, 

12,826, 

4,399, 

18,245, 

2,571, 

2,992, 

3,211, 

10,511, 

3,071, 

10,085, 

2,423. 

15,344, 

19,293 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 

28.0 
6.5 
7.7 
7.1 
2.4 

10.0 
1.4 
1.6 
1.8 
5.8 
1.7 
6.6 
1.3 
8.4 

10.6 


In  acreage  alfalfa  ranked  first,  with  30.6  per  cent 
of  the  total  reported;  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses" 
second,  with  21.1  percent;  and  oats  third,  with  10.2  per 
cent.  Forage  crops,  taken  together,  occupied  about  63 
per  cent  of  the  total  reported  acreage,  cereals  about  23 
per  cent,  sugar  beets  2,5  per  cent,  potatoes  2.3  per 
cent,  fruit  crops  about  5  per  cent,  and  the  crops  such 
as  vegetables,  root  forage,  cotton,  buckwheat,  and 
others  (grouped  under  the  head  "all  other")  4.6  per 
cent. 

In  value  also  alfalfa  was  most  important,  represent- 
ing 28  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  reported;  but 
orchard  fruits  and  grapes  ranked  second  in  this 
respect  among  the  crops  shown  separately  and  trop- 
ical fruits  third,  notwithstanding  the  relatively  small 
acreages  in  these  crops. 

Average  yields  per  acre. — Table  18  shows  for  each 
of  the  leading  crops  grown  on  irrigated  land  the  aver- 
age yield  per  acre  in  comparison  with  the  average 
yield  of  the  same  crop  on  unirrigated  land  in  the 
United  States  as  a  whole.  Yields  for  fruit  crops  are 
not  given  because  of  the  large  variety  of  units  in  which 


Table  18 


Cereals:  ,     ,   , 

Com  bushels.. 

Oats!.'! bushels.. 

Wheat bushels. - 

Barl?y bushels.. 

Hay  and  forage: 

Alfalfa toils.. 

Timothy  alone tons. . 

Timothy  and  clover  mixed tons. 

Othertame  or  cultivated  grasses  2.  tons. 

Wild,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses tons. . 

Grains  cut  green tons. 

Sundry  crops: 

Potatoes bushels. 

Sugar  beets tons . 


AVEKAQE  YrELD 
PEE  ACEE. 


On 

Irrigated 

land, 

arid 

region. 


23.7 
36.8 
25.6 
29.1 


2.94 
1.73 
1.82 
1.53 
1.06 
1.46 


163.6 
11.89 


On  unir- 
rigated 
land, 
entire 
United 
States. 


EXCESS  OF  AVEE- 
AGE  YIELD  OH 
IREIGATED  LAND 
OVEETHATONUN- 
IBEIQATED  LAND.^ 


25.9 
28.6 
15.3 
22.3 


2.14 
1.22 
1.26 
1.05 
1.07 
1.23 


103.8 
9.73 


Amount. 


Percent.. 


-2.2 
8.3 
10.3 
6.8 


0.80 
0.51 
0.66 
0.48 
-0.01 
0.23 


49.8 
2.16 


-8.5 
29.1 
67.  a 
30.5. 


37.4 
41.8 
44.4 
46.7 
-0.9^ 
18.7 


48.0 
22.2 


1 A  minus  sign  (-)  indicates  that  the  yield  on  irrigated  land  islessthan  thatOB 
unirrigated  land. 

i  Includes  millet  or  Hungarian  grass. 

For  each  of  the  crops  presented  in  the  table  except 
corn  and  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses,"  the  average 
yield  on  irrigated  land  exceeds  that  on  unirrigated 
land,  the  percentages  of  excess  ranging  from  18.7  for 
grains  cut  green  to  67.3  per  cent  for  wheat.  As  cli- 
matic conditions  in  the  arid  region  are  not  favorable 
to  com,  it  is  not  grown  to  a  large  extent  there.  In 
the  case  of  "wild,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses"  the  average 
yields  on  irrigated  and  unirrigated  land  are  practically 
equal.  A  large  part  of  the  imirrigated  wild  grass 
is  cut  on  river  bottom  lands  where  the  soil  is  likely  to 
be  wet,  even  without  irrigation,  and  consequently  a 
difference  in  favor  of  irrigated  land  is  not  to  be 
expected. 

A  combined  average  for  all  the  crops  listed  in  Table 
18,  each  being  given  a  weight  corresponding  to  its 
acreage,  shows  an  excess  yield  of  28.6  per  cent  for  the 
crops  grown  on  irrigated  land  over  those  grown  on 
unirrigated  land.  It  is,  of  course,  obvious  that  this 
difference  in  no  way  represents  the  advantage  of  irriga- 
tion over  nonirrigation.  In  some  sections  where  rain- 
fall is  plentiful  irrigation  would  add  little  to  the  yield, 
but  in  arid  sections  often  little  or  nothing  can  be  raised 
without  irrigation. 

Average  values  per  acre. — The  average  values  per 
acre  of  the  leading  irrigated  crops  reported  for  the 
arid  region  are  shown  in  Table  19  in  comparison  with 
averages  for  the  same  crops  grown  on  unirrigated  land 
for  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  so  far  as  acreage 
figures  are  available  for  these. 

Among  crops  grown  on  irrigated  land  in  1909, 
tropical  fruits  led  in  average  value  per  acre  by  a  wide 
margin,  orchard  fruits  and  grapes  ranking  second. 
Potatoes  followed  the  fruit  crops,  with  an  average 
value   of  $60.03,  and   sugar  beets  were  next  of  the 


IRRIGATION  AND  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


481 


crops  shown  separately,  the  average  value  being 
$57.29  per  acre.  Alfalfa,  the  most  important  irrigated 
crop,  had  an  average  value  per  acre  of  $22.94.  In  com- 
paring the  average  values  per  acre  for  different  crops 
it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  crops  with  higher 
average  values  often  require  more  expensive  methods 
of  cultivation  than  those  with  lower  average  values. 


Table  19 


Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits  . . . 

Orchard  fruits  and  grapes 

Potatoes 

Sugar  beets 

Wiieat 

Alfalfa 

Oats 

Barley 

Com 

Timothy  and  clover  mixed 

Timothy  alone 

Grains  cut  green 

Other  tame  or  cultivated  grasses  ». 
Wild,  salt,  or  prairie  | 
Another 


AVBBAOE  VALUE 
PES  ACRE. 


On 

irrigated 

land,  arid 

region. 


S154.32 
77.18 
60.03 
57.29 
23.40 
22.94 
19.00 
18.32 
18.13 
16.76 
15.84 
14.29 
11.70 
7.6r 
58.43 


Onunlr- 
rigated. 
land, 
entire 
United 
States. 


HL66 
51.90 
14.75 
16.97 
11.64 
11.81 
14.62 
13.13 
12.76 
14.26 
10.35 
6.06 
(•) 


EXCESS  OF  AVEE- 
AGE  VALUE  FOE 
tKRIGATED  LAND 
OVER  THAT  FOR 
VNIRRIQATED 
LANS. 


Amount. 


$15.37 
5.39 
8.65 
6.97 
7.36 
6.51 
3.51 
3.63 
3.08 
0.03 
1.35 
3.61 


Percent. 


34.4 
10.4 
58.0 
35.2 
63.2 
55.1 
24.0 
27.6 
24.1 
0.2 
13.0 
51.6 


>  Acreage  not  reported. 


<  Includes  millet  or  Hungarian  grass. 


'  Comparable  figure  not  available. 

Each  of  the  crops  shown  in  the  table  for  which 
comparisons  are  made  had  a  higher  average  value 
per  acre  for  irrigated  land  than  is  shown  for  the 
same  crop  grown  on  unirrigated  land  for  the  United 
States.  The  excess  in  favor  of  the  products  raised 
on  irrigated  land,  for  the  crops  included  in  the  com- 
parison, ranged  from  0.2  per  cent  for  grains  cut  green 
to  63.2  per  cent  for  oats.  The  average  excess  for  irri- 
gated crops  for  the  crops  for  which  <*,omparative  figures 
are  given  in  the  table,  based  on  the  total  acreag(»8  and 
total  values,  is  about  43  per  cent.  It  should  be  noted 
that  the  comparison  just  made  does  not  include  the 
crops  with  the  highest  average  values  per  acre,  such 
as  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Comparison  with:  preceding  census. — ^According  to 
the  reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census  the  total  acreage 
of  irrigated  crops  in  the  arid  and  semiarid  states  was 
5,932,557,  while  the  acreage  of  such  crops  reported  at 
the  present  census  of  irrigation  was  7,241,561,  which 
represents  an  increase  of  22.1  per  cent.  The  fact  that 
this  increase  is  much  smaller  than  the  increase  in  the 
acreage  reported    as  irrigated    (82.7    per  cent)   is  a 


further  indication  that  the  crop  reports  of  the  census 
of  irrigation  for  1910  are  incomplete.  Because  of  this 
LQcompleteness,  the  crop  figures  of  the  two  censuses 
are  not  compared  directly,  but  in  Table  20  the  per- 
centage which  the  acreage  in  each  irrigated  crop  formed 
■  of  the  total  acreage  reported  in  such  crops  is  shown  for 
the  two  censuses. 


Table  20 


Total  reported. 

Alfalfa 

Wild,  salt,  or  prairie  | 

Oats 

Wheat 

Barley 

Other  tame  or  cultivated  grasses '. 

Grains  cut  green 

Sugar  beets 

Potatoes 

Com 

Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits 

Rye 

Au  other 


ACREAGE  OF  IRRIGATED  CROPS. 


1909 


Acreage. 


7,241,561 

2,216,628 

1,530,669 

739,632 

548,173 

240,117 

219, 701 

209,363 

183,467 

168,014 

133,673 

99,431 

6,054 

946,639 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


100.0 

30.6 

21.1 

10.2 

7.6 

3.3 

3.0 

2.9 

2.5 

2.3 

1.8 

1.4 

0.1 

13.1 


1899 


Acreage. 


5,932, 
1,517, 
997, 
332, 
775, 
172, 
306, 
200, 

9. 

90, 
149, 

87, 

7, 

1,285, 


P«r 
cento! 
total. 


100.0 
25.6 
16.8 
5.6 
13.1 
2.9 
5.2 
3.4 
0.2 
1.5 
2.5 
1.5 
0.1 
21.7 


>  Includes  millet  or  Hungarian  grass. 

From  Table  20  it  appears  that  at  both  censuses 
aKalfa  was  the  leading  crop  grown  under  irrigation, 
but  that  it  occupied  a  considerably  larger  proportion  of 
the  total  acreage  reported  for  irrigated  crops  m  1909 
than  in  1899.  The  crop  next  in  importance  in  re- 
spect to  acreage  in  both  years  was  "wild,  salt,  or 
prairie  grasses, "  which  likewise  comprised  a  larger  per- 
centage of  the  total  in  1909  than  in  1899.  Oats  was 
third  in  acreage  in  1909,  followed  by  wheat,  while  in 
1899  wheat  ranked  third  and  oats  fom*th.  Oats 
covered  a  much  larger  percentage  of  the  total  acreage 
of  irrigated  crops  in  1909  than  in  1899  and  wheat  a 
much  smaller  percentage  in  the  later  than  in  the 
(earlier  year. 

The  most  notable  relative  increase  was  for  sugar 
beets,  the  growing  of  this  crop  in  the  irrigated  region 
being  largely  a  development  of  the  last  decade.  Pota- 
toes also  showed  a  marked  increase  in  relative  im- 
portance. Tropical  and  subtropical  fruits  occupied 
about  the  same  place  in  the  two  censuses.  From  a 
comparison  of  Table  20  with  Table  19,  it  will  be  seen 
that,  with  the  exception  of  "wUd,  salt,  or  prairie 
grasses,"  the  irrigated  crops  which  are  increasiag  in 
acreage  most  rapidly  are  all  among  the  crops  with 
relatively  high  values  per  acre. 


IRRIGATION  FOR  RICE  GROWING. 


As  previously  stated,  the  special  inquiry  into  irri- 
gation for  rice  growing  was  confined  to  the  rice 
growing  districts  of  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas. 
The  data  collected,  except  those  relating  to  crops,  are 
summarized  in  Table  21. 

The  number  of  farms  reporting  irrigation  for  rice 
growing  and  the  acreage  irrigated,  as  reported  at  the 


census  of  1910,  cover  the  year  1909,  while  all  other 
data  for  that  census  relate  to  the  year  1910-  The 
reports  of  the  agricultural  census  of  1910  show  that 
95.5  per  cent  of  the  entire  acreage  of  rice  harvested  in 
1909  was  in  the  three  states  included  in  the  special 
irrigation  inquiry,  and  that  in  all  the  other  states 
a  marked  decrease  occurred  bstweea  1S09  and  1909 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— AGRICULTURE. 


432 

in  tiie  acreage  in  rice.  The  figures  given  in  the  table 
for  the  census  of  1910  represent,  therefore,  in  a  fairly 
adequate  measure,  the  extent  of  irrigation  for  rice 
growing  in  the  United  States. 

The  acreage  reported  on  the  special  irrigation  sched- 
ules as  irrigated  for  rice  growing  in  1909  is  greater  than 
the  total  acreage  of  rice  reported  in  that  year  on  the 
agricultural  schedules  for  the  territory  covered.  This 
diBFerence  is  due  principally  to  the  fact  that  the  irriga- 
tion schedules  sliow  the  total  acreage  watered,  while 
the  agricultural  schedules  show  only  the  acreage 
harvested.  A  considerable  acreage  planted  in  rice  in 
1909  was  not  harvested  because  of  poor  stand,  short- 
age of  water,  and  damage  by  storms. 


Table  21 


Number  of  farms  reporting  irrigation 
for  rice  growing 

Acreage  irrigated  for  rico  growing — 

Acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of 
irrigating  in  1910 

Acreage  Included  in  projects 


Number  of  enterprises 

Total  length  of  ditches miles. . 

Length  o  f  main  ditches . . .  miles . . 

Length  of  lateral  ditches. .  miles. . 
Reservoirs: 

Number 

Capacity acre-feet. . 

Flowing  wells: 

Number 

Capacity gals,  per  min. . 

Pumped  wells: 

Number 

Capacity gals,  per  miu. . 

Fumpmg  plants: 

Number 

Capacity  of  power  plants,  horse- 
power  

Capacity  of  pumps,  gals,  per  min. . 

Cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  to  July 

1,1910 

Average  cost  per  acre  i 

Estimated  final  cost  of  existing  en- 
terprises  

Average  cost  per  acre' 


Total  for 

specified 

states. 


•  4,010 
694,800 

950,706 
1,134,322 

2,158 

2,339 

1,398 

941 

144 
21,795 

1 
80 

1,413 
1,822,560 

1,897 

118,045 
9,407,955 

$13,587,639 
<14.29 

$13,667,639 
$12.05 


Louisiana, 


2,690 
380,200 

553,220 
581,965 

1,237 

1,168 

729 

439 

104 
19,482 


606 
1,108,236 

1,007 

57,426 
5,064,173 

$6,859,166 
$12.40 

$6,914,166 
$11.88 


Texas. 


1,088 
286,847 

350,350 
499,474 

611 

1,040 

638 

502 

21 
2,310 


500 
445,495 


48,179 
3,907,380 

$6,140,639 
$17.53 

$6,140,639 
$12.29 


Arkan- 
sas. 


232 

27,753 

47,136 
52,883 

310 
131 
131 


307 
268,829 


12,440 
436,402 

$.587,8.34 
$12.47 

$612,834 
$11.69 


»  Based  on  acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigating  in  1910. 
'  Based  on  acreage  included  in  projects. 

The  total  acreage  irrigated  for  rice  growing  in  the 
three  states  in  1909  was  694,800,  of  which  54.7  per  cent 
was  in  Louisiana,  41.3  per  cent  in  Texas,  and  4  per  cent 
in  Arkansas.  The  enterprises  which  were  completed 
or  under  way  in  1910  were  reported  as  capable  of  irri- 
gating 950,706  acres  in  that  year  and  of  sei-ving  ulti- 
mately a  total  of  1,134,322  acres. 

The  total  cost  of  irrigation  enterprises  to  July  1, 
1910,  was  $13,587,639,  or  an  average  of  $14.29  per  acre 
for  the  land  to  which  they  were  capable  of  supplying 
water  in  1910.  Upon  the  basis  of  the  acreage  irrigated 
in  1909,  the  average  cost  per  acre  was  $19.56.  The 
estimated  total  cost  of  enterprises  completed  or  under 
way  in  1910  was  $13,667,639,  or  $12.05  per  acre  for  the 
land  included  in  these  enterprises.  From  these  figures 
it  appears  that  the  works  for  supplying  water  for  rice 
irrigation  which  were  under  construction  in  1910  were 
relatively  insignificant. 

In  the  report  on  irrigation  for  the  Twelfth  Census  no 
information  relating  to  the  irrigation  of  rice  in  Arkan- 


sas is  given,  because  the  rice  growing  industry  in  that 
state  was  insignificant  in  1900. 

In  Table  22  comparisons  are  made  for  Louisiana 
and  Texas  for  the  few  items  that  v/ere  reported  at 
both  censuses.  The  figures  for  the  Twelfth  Census 
relate  to  the  year  1899. 


Table  32 


Farms  reporting  irriga- 
tion for  rice  growing  . . 

Acreage  irrigated 

Enterprises . .  .number. . 

Length  of  main  ditches, 
(miles) 

Cost  of  irrigation  enter- 
prises  

Average  cost  per 
acre 


LOUISIANA. 


Census  of— 


1910 


2,690 

380,200 

1,237 

729 

86,859,166 

s$12.40 


1900 


4,531 

201,685 

596 

386 

$2,529,319 

«$12.54 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 
(■) 


-40.6 

88.5 
107.6 

88.9 

171.2 

(') 


Census  of- 


1910 


1, 

286,847 
611 

538 

,140,639 

$17.53 


1900 


73 
8,700 
(') 

« 

«$322,000 

837.01 


Per 
cent  of 
incieaae. 


3,197.1 


1,807.0 


1  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease, 
s  Per  cent  not  calculated  when  base  is  less  than  100. 
'  Not  reported. 
*  Estimated. 

6  Based  on  cost  to  July  1,  1910,  and  acreage  enterprises  were  capable  of  irrigat- 
ing in  1910. 

«  Based  on  cost  of  systems  operated  in  1899,  and  acreage  irrigated  in  that  year. 
'  Figures  not  comparable.    (See  explanation  in  text.) 

In  Louisiana  considerable  increases  have  takwi 
place  since  the  census  of  1900  in  all  the  items  shown 
in  the  table  except  number  of  farms.  The  large  de- 
crease in  the  number  of  farms  reporting  the  irrigation 
of  rice  is  probably  due  to  the  abandonment  of  rice 
growing  on  farms  where  only  small  acreages  were 
planted,  and  an  extension  of  the  industry  in  sections 
where  rice  is  grown  on  a  larger  scale.  In  Texas  al- 
most the  entire  development  has  taken  place  since 
1899. 

As  the  figures  for  average  cost  of  irrigation  enter- 
})rises  per  acre  at  the  two  censuses  are  not  computed 
on  the  same  basis,  they  are  not  comparable. 

Although  the  crop  returns  for  irrigated  rice  are  not 
complete,  they  are  sufficiently  so  to  afford  reliable 
averages  of  the  yield  and  value  per  acre.  These  are 
showai  in  Table  23. 


Table  23 

RICE    GROWN 

ON  IRRIGATED  LAND 

IN  1909. 

STATE. 

Average 
yield  per 

acre 
(bushels). 

Average 

value  per 

acre. 

Louisiana 

34.6 

38.7 
45.9 

$25.70 

Texas 

28.54 

41.56 

Continuous  cropping  in  rice  exhausts  the  soil,  and 
the  districts  of  Louisiana,  where  the  land  has  been 
used  for  a  longer  time  than  in  other  sections,  show  the 
lowest  average  yield,  while  Arkansas,  where  the  grow- 
ing of  rice  is  of  comparatively  recent  date,  shows  the 
highest  average  yield. 


MANUFACTURES 

CHAPTER  15.— STATISTICS  FOR  STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES 


72497°— 13 28  +  (433) 


Chapter  15. 
STATISTICS  OF  MANUFACTURES  FOE  STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


Introduction. — This  chapter  contains  a  summary  of 
the  statistics  of  manufactures  for  the  United  States 
for  the  calendar  year  1909,  as  shown  by  the  Thirteenth 
Census. 

The  principal  facts  derived  from  the  census  inquiry 
are  presented  in  four  general  tables  at  the  end  of  the 
chapter,  the  first  giving  statistics  for  individual  indus- 
tries, the  second  for  states  and  territories,  the  third 
for  each  of  the  25  leading  manufacturing  cities,  and 
the  fourth  for  each  city  of  10,000  or  more  inhabitants. 

Table  110  gives  for  each  industry  in  1909,  1904,  and 
1899  the  number  of  estabhshments;  number  of  per- 
sons engaged  in  the  industiy  during  the  year,  classified 
as  proprietors  and  firm  members,  salaried  employees, 
and  wage  earners;  primary  power;  capital;  salaries; 
wages;  cost  of  materials;  value  of  products;  value 
added  by  manufacture;  and  the  percentage  of  increase 
in  average  number  of  wage  earners  and  in  value  of 
products,  from  census  to  census.  The  industries  are 
arranged  alphabetically. 

Table  111  gives  similar  statistics  for  the  different 
states  and  territories,  arranged  geographically. 

Table  112  gives  for  each  of  the  25  leading  manu- 
facturing cities  the  same  items  given  in  Tables  110  and 
111;  the  cities  are  arranged  according  to  the  value  of 
their  manufactured  products. 

Table  113  gives,  for  each  city  of  10,000  or  more 
inhabitants,  the  number  of  establishments,  the  average 
number  of  wage  earners,  the  value  of  products,  and  the 
value  added  by  manufacture  for  1909,  1904,  and  1899. 
The  cities  are  arranged  alphabetically  by  states. 

In  addition  to  these  general  tables  there  are  inter- 
spersed in  the  text  discussion  a  series  of  special  text 
tables  analyzing  certain  of  the  data  contained  in  the 
general  tables.  Some  of  these  special  text  tables  pre- 
sent figures  only  for  all  industries  combined  in  conti- 
nental United  States  as  a  whole;  othei-s  give  statistics 
for  the  principal  industries  separately;  and  still  others 
give  figures  for  states  and  territories. 

Scope  of  census :  Factory  industries. — Census  statistics  of  manu- 
factures are  compiled  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the 
absolute  and  relative  magnitude  of  the  different  branches  of 
industry  covered  and  their  growth  or  decline.  Incidentally,  the 
effort  is  made  to  present  data  throwing  light  upon  character  of 
organization,  location  of  establishments,  size  of  establishments, 
labor  force,  and  similar  subjects.  When  use  is  made  of  the  data  for 
these  purposes  it  is  imperative  that  due  attention  should  be  given 


to  the  limitations  of  the  figures.  Particularly  is  this  true  when  the 
attempt  is  made  to  derive  from  them  figures  purporting  to  show 
average  wages,  cost  of  production,  or  profits. 

The  census  of  1909,  like  that  of  1904,  was  confined  to  manufac- 
turing establishments  conducted  under  the  factory  system,  as 
distinguished  from  the  neighborhood,  hand,  and  building  indus- 
tries. Where  statistics  for  1899  are  given  they  have  been  reduced 
to  a  comparable  basis  by  eliminating,  as  far  as  possible,  the  latter 
claaeefl  of  industries.  The  census  does  not  include  establishments 
which  were  idle  during  the  entire  year,  or  had  a  value  of  products 
of  less  than  $500,  or  the  manufacturing  done  in  educational,  elee- 
moejmary,  and  penal  institutions,  or  in  governmental  establish- 
menta,  except  those  of  the  Federal  Government. 

Period  covered. — The  returns  cover  the  calendar  year  1909,  or 
the  business  year  which  corresponds  most  nearly  to  that  calendar 
year.  The  statistics  cover  a  year's  operations,  except  for  estab- 
lishments which  began  or  discontinued  business  during  the  year. 

The  establishment. — Asa  rule,  the  term  "establishment"  rep- 
resents a  separated  plant  or  mill.  In  some  cases  it  represents  two 
or  more  plants  operated  under  a  common  ownership  or  for  which 
one  set  of  books  of  account  is  kept. 

If  the  plants  constituting  an  establishment  as  thus  defined 
were  not  all  located  within  the  same  city  or  state,  separate 
reports  were  secured  in  order  that  the  separate  totals  might  be 
included  in  the  statistics  for  each  city  or  state.  In  some  instances 
separate  reports  were  secured  for  different  industries  carried  on  in 
the  same  establishment. 

Classification  by  industries. — The  establishments  were  assigned 
to  the  several  classes  of  industries  according  to  their  products  of  chief 
value.  The  value  of  products  reported  for  a  given  industry  may 
thus,  on  the  one  hand,  include  minor  products  very  different  from 
those  covered  by  the  class  designation,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  may 
not  include  the  total  product  covered  by  this  designation,  because 
some  part  of  this  product  may  be  made  in  establishments  in  which 
it  is  not  the  product  of  chief  value. 

The  nimiber  of  industries  for  which  a  separate  presentation  is 
made  is  264,  a  much  smaller  number  than  in  the  reports  for  the  cen- 
sus of  1904,  in  which  339  industries  were  shown  separately.  This 
decrease  is  due  to  the  fact  that  an  attempt  to  make  a  separate 
presentation  would  in  the  case  of  many  industries  be  misleading, 
inasmuch  as  a  large  pwirt  of  the  product  of  the  class  described  by  the 
industry  designation  is  made,  not  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  manufacturing  that  class  of  commodities,  but  by 
establishments  whose  principal  product  is  such  as  to  necessitate 
their  classification  elsewhere.  In  order  to  avoid  this  difficulty  it  is 
necessary  in  many  cases  to  combine  a  number  of  closely  related 
industries  under  a  more  general  designation.  This  condition  is 
constantly  becoming  more  conspicuous  in  the  manufacturing 
business  of  the  country,  and  consequently  the  number  of  industries 
which  can  properly  be  shown  separately  is  smaller  at  this  census 
than  at  previous  censuses. 

Owing  to  changes  in  industrial  conditions,  moreover,  it  is  not 
always  possible  to  classify  establishments  by  industries  in  such  a 
way  as  to  permit  accurate  comparison  with  preceding  censuses,  and 
for  some  of  the  industries  covered  by  Table  110,  therefore,  compara- 
tive statistics  for  earlier  censuses  are  necessarily  omitted. 

(436) 


436 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


VALUE  OF  PEODUCTS,  BY  INDUSTRIES:  1909  AND  1899. 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
600  760 


MEAT  PACKING 

FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  SHOPS 

LUMBER 

STEEL  ROLLINO  MILLS 

FLOUR  MILLS 

PRINTINQ  AND  PUBLISHINQ 

COTTON  Q0003 

CLOTHINQ,  MEN'S 

BOOTS  AND  SHOES 

WOOLEN  OOOOS 

TOBACCO 

RAILROAD  SHOPS 

BAKERIES 

BLAST  FURNACES 

CLOTHINQ,  WOMEN'S 

COPPER  SMELTING 

LIQUORS,  MALT 

LEATHER 

SUGAR  AND  MOLASSES 

BUTTER  AND  CHEESE 

PAPER  AND  PULP 

AUTOMOBILES 

FURNITURE 

PETROLEUM,  REFINING 

ELECTRICAL  APPARATUS 

LIQUORS,  DISTILLED 

KNIT  GOODS 

COPPER,  TIN,  AND  SHEET  IRON  ° 

SILK  GOODS 

LEAD  SMELTING  AND  REFINING 

CAS,  ILLUMLANO  HEATING 

CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS 

CANNING  AND  PRESERVING 

BRASS  AND  BRONZE 

OIL,  COTTONSEED,  AND  CAKE 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS 

PATENT  MEDICINES 

CONFECTIONERY 

PAINT  AND  VARNISH 

CARS,  STEAM-RAIlROAD 

chemicals 
marble  and  stone 
Leather  goods 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


437 


GENERAL    SUMMARY. 


Continental  United  States  and  noncontignons  terri- 
tory: 1909.— The  following  table  gives  for  1909  the 
more  important  figures  for  the  manufactures  of  conti- 
nental United  States  and  for  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto 
Rico.  The  table  does  not  cover  possessions  of  the 
United  States  other  than  those  mentioned.  The  sta- 
tistics of  manufactures  included  in  the  census  of  the 
Phihppine  Islands  taken  by  the  War  Department  for 


1902  are  not  comparable  with  those  shown  in  the  re- 
ports for  continental  United  States;  and  there  has 
been  no  census  of  manufactures  in  Guam,  Samoa,  or 
the  Canal  Zone.  The  statistics  for  Alaska,  Hawaii, 
and  Porto  Rico  include  some  small  estabhshments  of 
the  nature  of  hand  or  neighborhood  industries,  such 
as  are  omitted  from  the  canvass  for  continental  United 
States. 


Table  1 


NUMBEB  OK  AMOUNT. 


Total. 


Number  of  establishments 

Persons  engaged  in  manufactures 

Proprietors  and  firm  members •. . . 

Salaried  employees 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

Primary  horsepower 

Capital 

Expenses 

Services 

Salaries 

Wages 

Materials 

Miscellaneous 

Value  of  products 

Value  added  by  manufacture  (value  of 
products  less  cost  of  materials) 


6, 

18, 

$18, 490, 

18,  526, 

4, 375, 

940, 

3,434, 

12, 195, 

1. 955, 

20, 767, 


270, 082 
707,  751 
275, 952 
792, 168 
639, 931 
755, 286 
749,000 
436,000 
634,000 
900,000 
734,000 
019,000 
783,000 
546,000 


8, 572, 527, 000 


Continental  United 
States. 


6. 

18, 

$18,  428, 

18, 454, 

4,  365, 

938, 

3,  427, 

12, 142, 

1,  945, 

20,  672, 


268,491 
678,  578 
273, 265 
790, 267 
615. 046 
675, 376 
270,000 
090,000 
613,000 
575,000 
038,000 
791,000 
686,000 
052,000 


8,  529,  261, 000 


Alaska. 


152 

3,479 

135 

245 

3,099 

3  975 

$13, 060!  000 

9, 454, 000 

2,  328, 000 

380,000 

1, 948, 000 

5, 120, 000 

2,006,000 

11, 340, 000 

6,  220, 000 


Hawaii. 


500 

7,572 

1,074 

594 

5,904 

41, 930 

$23, 875, 000 

31, 753, 000 

2,  795, 000 
686,000 

2, 109, 000 
25,  629, 000 

3,  329, 000 
47, 404, 000 

21,775,000 


Porto  Rico. 


939 

18, 122 

1,478 

1,062 

15,  582 

34,005 

$25,  544, 000 

31, 139, 000 

4, 898, 000 

1,  259, 000 

3,  639, 000 
21, 479, 000 

4,  762, 000 
36, 750, 000 

15,  271, 000 


The  total  value  of  manufactures  in  the  area  covered 
by  this  table  for  1909  was  S20,767,546,000,  of  which 
99.5  per  cent  was  contributed  by  continental  United 
States,  the  manufactures  of  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto 
Rico  being  comparatively  unimportant.  The  most 
important  industry  in  Alaska  is  the  canning  and  pre- 
serving of  fish;  in  Hawaii,  the  manufacture  of  sugar; 
and  in  Porto  Rico,  the  manufacture  of  sugar  and  of 
tobacco  products. 

The  above  table  is  the  only,  one  in  this  report  in 
which  the  statistics  for  the  noncontiguous  territories 
are  included,  all  the  other  tables  relating  exclusively 
to  continental  United  States. 

Explanation  of  terms. — With  reference  to  some  of 
the  items  contained  in  the  above  and  following  tables 
certain  explanations  are  necessary: 

Persons  engaged  in  manufacturing  industries. — The  statistics  of 
the  number  of  proprietors  and  firm  members  and  the  number  of  sal- 
aried employees  are  based  on  the  returns  for  a  single  representa- 
tive day  only.  In  the  case  of  wage  earners  a  report  was  obtained 
of  the  number  employed  on  the  15th  of  each  month,  and  from  these 
returns  the  average  number  employed  during  the  year  has  been 
calculated  by  dividing  the  sum  of  the  numbers  reported  for  the 
several  months  by  12.     (See  also  p.  452.) 

Capital. — For  reasons  stated  in  reports  of  prior  censuses  the  statis- 
tics of  capital  secured  by  the  census  canvass  are  so  defective  as 
to  be  of  little  value,  except  as  indicating  very  general  conditions. 
The  instructions  on  the  schedule  for  securing  capital  were  as  follows: 

The  answer  should  show  the  total  amount  of  capital,  both  owned 
and  borrowed,  on  the  last  day  of  the  business  year  reported.    All 


the  items  of  fixed  and  live  capital  may  be  taken  at  the  amounts 
carried  on  the  books.  If  land  or  buildings  are  rented,  that  fact 
should  be  stated  and  no  value  given.  If  a  part  of  the  land  or  build- 
ings is  owned,  the  remainder  being  rented,  that  fact  should  be  so 
stated  and  only  the  value  of  the  owned  property  given.  Do  not 
include  securities  and  loans  representing  investments  in  other 
enterprises. 

Materials. — The  statistics  as  to  cost  of  materials  relate  to  the  mate- 
rials used  during  the  year,  which  may  be  more  or  less  than  the 
materials  purchased  during  the  year.  The  term  "materials"  in- 
cludes fuel,  rent  of  power  and  heat,  mill  supplies,  and  containers, 
as  well  as  materials  forming  a  constituent  part  of  the  product. 
Under  the  head  of  "fuel"  is  included  all  fuel  used,  whether  for 
heat,  light,  or  power,  or  for  the  process  of  manufacture. 

Expenses. — Under  "Expenses"  are  included  all  items  of  expense 
incident  to  the  year's  business,  except  interest,  whether  on  bonds 
or  other  forms  of  indebtedness,  and  allowances  for  depreciation. 

Value  of  products. — The  amounts  given  under  this  head  represent 
the  selling  value  at  the  factory  of  all  products  manufactiu-ed  dining 
the  year,  which  may  differ  from  the  value  of  the  products  sold. 
Amounts  received  for  work  on  materials  furnished  by  others  are 
included. 

Cost  of  manufacture  and  profits. — Census  data  do  not  show  the 
entire  cost  of  manufacture,  and  consequently  can  not  be  used  to 
show  profits.  No  account  has  been  taken  of  interest  and  depre- 
ciation. Even  if  the  amount  of  profit  could  be  determined  by 
deducting  the  expenses  from  the  value  of  the  products  the  rate  of 
profit  on  the  investment  could  not  properly  be  calculated,  because 
of  the  very  defective  character  of  the  returns  regarding  capital. 

Primary  horsepower. — This  item  represents  the  total  primary 
power  generated  by  the  manufacturing  establishments  plus  the 
amount  of  power,  principally  electric,  rented  by  them  from  other 
concerns.  It  does  not  cover  the  electric  power  developed  by  the 
primary  power  of  the  establishments  themselves,  the  inclusion  of 
which  would  evidently  result  in  duplication. 


438 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Oeneral  comparison  for  the  United  States:  1909, 
1904,  and  1899.— The  following  table  gives  the  prin- 
cipal items  of  information  covered  by  census  inquiries 


relative  to  manufactures  in  continental  United  States 
for  1909,  1904,  and  1899,  together  with  the  percentages 
of  increase  from  census  to  census : 


Table  2 


Number  of  establishments 

Persons  engaged  in  manufactures 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 

Salaried  employees 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

Primary  horsepower 

Capital 

Expenses 

Services 

Salaries 

Wages 

Material 

Miscellaneous 

Value  of  products 

Value  added  by  manufacture  (value  of  prod 
ucts  less  cost  of  materials) 


NUMBER  OB  AMOUNT. 


1909 


6, 

18, 

$18, 428, 

18, 454, 

4,  365, 

938, 

3, 427, 

12, 142, 

1, 945, 

20,  672, 


268, 491 
678, 578 
273, 265 
790,  267 
615, 046 
675, 376 
270,000 
090,000 
613,000 
575,000 
038,000 
791,000 
686,000 
052,000 


1904 


8,  529,  261, 000 


5, 

13, 

$12,  675, 

13, 138, 

3, 184, 

574, 

2, 610, 

8,500, 

1, 453, 

14,  793, 


216, 180 
213,  612 
225, 673 
519, 556 
468, 383 
487,  707 
581,000 
260,000 
884,000 
439,000 
445,000 
208,000 
168, 000 
903,000 


6, 293,  695, 000 


1899 


207,  514 


R 


4, 

10, 

$8,  975, 

9,  870, 

2,  389, 

380, 

2,008, 

6, 575, 

905, 

11, 406, 


364, 120 
712, 763 
097,  893 
256,000 
425,000 
132,000 
771,000 
361,000 
851,000 
442,000 
927,000 


4, 831, 076, 000 


PER  CENT  or  INCEEASE. 


1904-1909       1899-1904 


24.2 
23.6 
21.1 
52.1 
21.0 
38.5 
45.4 
40.5 
37.1 
63.4 
31.3 
42.9 
33.9 
39.7 

35.  5 


4.2 


42.7 
16.0 
33.6 
41.2 
33.1 
33.3 
50.9 
30.0 
29.3 
60.5 
29.7 

30.3 


1  Figures  not  available. 


In  1909  the  United  States  had  268,491  manufactur- 
ing establishments,  which  gave  employment  during 
the  year  to  an  average  of  7,678,578  persons,  of  whom 
6,615,046  were  wage  earners.  These  manufacturing 
establishments  paid  $4,365,613,000  in  salaries  and 
wages,  and  turned  out  products  to  the  value  of 
$20,672,052,000,  to  produce  which  materials  costing 
$12,142,791,000  were  consumed.  The  value  added 
by  manufacture,  namely,  the  difference  between  the 
cost  of  materials  and  the  total  value  of  products,  was 
$8,529,261,000.  This  figure  best  represents  the  net 
wealth  created  by  manufacturing  operations,  because 
the  gross  value  of  products  includes  the  cost  of  the 
materials  used,  which  are  either  the  products  of  non- 
manufacturing  industries,  such  as  agriculture,  for- 
estry, fisheries,  and  mining,  or  else  are  themselves  the 
product  of  manufacturing  establishments.  The  value 
of  products  derived  from  this  latter  class  of  materials 
involves  a  duplication,  inasmuch  as  the  value  of 
these  materials  has  already  figured  in  the  value  of 
products  reported  for  the  establishments  manufac- 
turing them  in  the  first  instance;  in  some  cases,  indeed, 
where  a  given  product  has  passed  through  several 
distinct  stages  of  manufacture  in  different  establish- 
ments before  reaching  its  final  form,  this  duplication 
may  be  repeated  several  times.  All  such  duplica- 
tions, as  well  as  the  original  value  of  materials,  are, 
however,  eliminated  in  the  figures  for  value  added  by 
manufacture.  This  value  covers  salaries  and  wages — 
which  represent  over  one-half  of  the  total — overhead 
charges,  depreciation,  interest,  taxes,  and  other  ex- 
penses attendant  upon  the  manufacturing  operations, 
as  well  as  the  profits  of  the  undertaking. 

Table  2  shows  that  the  manufacturing  industries 
of  the  United  States  as  a  whole  experienced  a  more 
rapid  growth  during  the  five-year  period  1904-1909 


than  during  the  period  1899-1904,  although  in  both 
periods  the  progress  was  very  marked.  During  the 
first  five  years  of  the  decade  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  increased  16  per  cent;  during  the  sec- 
ond five  years,  21  per  cent.  The  value  of  products 
increased  29.7  per  cent  during  the  first  period  and  39.7 
per  cent  during  the  second  period.  The  rate  of  in- 
crease in  the  value  added  by  manufacture  shows  less 
difference  between  the  two  periods,  being  30.3  per  cent 
during  the  first  five  years  and  35.5  per  cent  during  the 
second  five  years.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  noted 
that  there  was  a  greater  rate  of  increase  in  the  cost  of 
materials  during  the  second  period  than  during  the 
first. 

During  the  10  years  from  1899  to  1909  the  number 
of  establishments  increased  29.4  per  cent;  the  capital 
employed,  105.3  per  cent;  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners,  40.4  per  cent;  the  amount  of  primary 
power,  84.9  per  cent;  the  value  of  materials  con- 
sumed, 84.7  per  cent;  the  value  of  products,  81.2  per 
cent;  and  the  value  added  by  manufacture,  76.6  per 
cent.  The  gross  value  of  products  in  1909  exceeded 
that  in  1899  by  more  than  $9,000,000,000,  and  the 
value  added  by  manufacture  in  1909  was,  in  round 
numbers,  $3,700,000,000  more  than  in  1899. 

It  would  be  improper  to  infer  that  manufactures 
increased  in  volume  during  either  of  the  five-year 
periods  covered  by  the  table  to  the  full  extent  indi- 
cated by  the  increase  in  value  of  materials  consumed 
or  in  the  value  of  products,  since  the  increase  shown 
in  these  items  is  certainly  due  in  part  to  the  increase 
that  has  taken  place  in  the  price  of  commodities. 
It  may  be  presumed  that  the  quantity  of  products 
increased  somewhat  more  rapidly  than  the  number 
of  wage  earners;  this  might  be  expected  from  the 
fact  that  the  amount  of  primary  power  increased 
much  faster  than  the  number  of  wage  earners  ;  in 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


439 


other  words,  each  wage  earner,  on  the  average,  had 
greater  assistance  from  mechanical  power  in  1909  than 
in  1904  or  1899. 

It  is  a  matter  of  interest  to  note  that  during  both  of 
the  five-year  periods  the  wages  paid  showed  a  higher 
percentage  of  increase  than  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners,  thus  indicating  an  increase  in  the  aver- 
age wages. 

Comparison  with  earlier  censuses. — In  1810  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  made  a  report  on  the  condition 
of  manufactures  in  the  United  States  and  estimated 
that  the  value  of  products  for  1809  exceeded 
$120,000,000.  An  estimate  based  on  the  returns  of  the 
census  of  1810  placed  the  value  of  the  annual  product 
at  $198,613,471.  Further  efforts  to  secure  statistics 
of  manufactures  were  made  in  1820  and  1840,  but  the 
results  were  more  or  less  unsatisfactory.  In  1830  no 
such  attempt  was  made.  The  census  of  1850  was  the 
first  to  present  fairly  complete  statistics  for  manufac- 
tures. Each  census  from  that  time  to  1890  was  based 
in  part  on  returns  for  the  preceding  calendar  year  and 
in  part  on  returns  for  other  12-month  periods,  mainly 
ending  during  the  census  year  itself.  The  last  three 
censuses  cover  principally  returns  for  the  preceding 
calendar  year  or  for  12-month  periods  ending  within 
that  year.  In  general,  in  this  report  the  statistics 
for  all  censuses  are  referred  to  by  the  year  preceding 
that  in  which  the  census  was  taken. 


The  statistics  of  manufactures  secured  at  the  de- 
cennial censuses  from  1850  to  1900,  inclusive,  covered 
the  neighborhood,  hand,  and  building  industries,  as 
well  as  the  factory  industries,  while  the  reports 
for  1904  and  1909  were  confined  to  factory  industries. 
The  statistics  for  1899  obtained  at  the  decennial  cen- 
sus of  1900,  although  originally  taken  on  the  broader 
basis,  have,  for  the  purpose  of  comparison  with  later 
censuses,  been  reduced  to  the  factory  basis  by  ehmi- 
nating  as  far  as  possible  the  neighborhood,  hand,  and 
building  trades,  but  no  such  elimination  is  possible 
with  respect  to  the  earher  censuses.  For  this  reason 
the  statistics  for  years  prior  to  1899  are  not  entirely 
comparable  with  those  for  1904  and  1909.  Never- 
theless, for  the  purpose  of  showing  in  a  rough  way 
the  movement  during  each  decade  since  1850,  the 
following  summary  table  is  presented.  Two  sets  of 
figures  are  given  in  this  table  for  1899,  the  one  includ- 
ing the  neighborhood,  hand,  and  building  trades,  in 
order  to  make  the  data  comparable  with  those  for  pre- 
ceding censuses,  and  the  other  excluding  them  in 
order  to  make  the  figures  comparable  with  those  for 
later  censuses.  The  values  and  wages  for  1869  have 
been  reduced  to  a  gold  basis,  inasmuch  as  the  figures 
as  reported  would,  because  of  the  inflation  of  the 
currency  at  that  time,  exaggerate  the  increase  from 
1859  to  1869,  and  understate  the  increase  from  1869 
to  1879. 


Table  3 


Number 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


Capital. 


Wage 
earners 

(average 
number). 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by- 
manufacture. 


Factories  and  hand  and  neighborhood  indnstilea: 

1849  (census  of  1850) 

1869  (census  of  I860) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1849  to  1859 

1869  (censas  of  1870)  (gold  value) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1859  to  1869 

1879  (census  of  1880) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1869  to  1879 

1889  (census  of  1890) 

Per  cent  of  Increase,  1879  to  1889 

1899  (census  of  1900) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1889  to  1899 

Factories,  ezclnding  hand  and  neighborhood  Indutrlet: 

1899  (census  of  1900) 

1904  (census  of  1905) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1899  to  1904 

1909  (census  of  1910) 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1904  to  1909 

Per  cent  of  increase,  1899  to  1909 


123,025 

140,433 

14.1 

252,148 
79.6 

253,852 
0.7 

355,405 
40.0 

512, 191 
44.1 


207,514 

216,180 

4.2 

268,491 
24.2 

29.4 


1533,245,000 

1,009,856,000 

89.4 

1,694,567,000 
67.8 

2,790,273,000 
64.7 

6,525,051,000 
133.8 

9,813,834,000 
50.4 


8,975,256,000 

12,675,581,000 

41.2 

18,428,270,000 
45.4 
105.3 


957,059 

1,311,246 

37.0 

2,063,996 
56.6 

2,732,595 
33.0 

4,251,535 
55.6 

5, 306, 143 
24.8 


4,712,763 

5,468,383 

16.0 

6,615,046 
21.0 
40.4 


1236, 755, 000 

378,879,000 

00.0 

620,467,000 
63.8 

947,954,000 
52.8 

1,891,210,000 
99.5 

2,320,938,000 
22.7 


2,008,361,000 

2,610,445.000 

30.0 

3,427,038,000 
31.3 
70.6 


S555, 124,000 
1,031,605,000 

85.8 

1,990,742,000 
93.0 

3,396,824,000 
90.6 

6,162,014,000 
52.0 

7,343,628,000 
42.3 


6,575,851,000 

8,500,208,000 

29.3 

12,142,791,000 
42.9 

84.7 


$1,019,107,000 

1,885,862,000 

85.0 

3,385,860,000 
79.5 

6,369,579,000 
74.6 

9,372,379,000 
74.5 

13,000,149,000 
38.7 


11,406,927,000 

14,793,903,000 

29.7 

20,672,052,000 
39.7 
81.2 


$463,983,000 

854,257,000 

84.1 

1,395,118,000 
63.3 

1,972,755,000 
41.4 

4,210,365,000 
113.4 

5,656,521,000 
34.3 


4,831,076,000 

6,293,695,000 

30.3 

8,529,261,000 
35.6 

76.6 


This  table  shows  that,  although  the  returns  for  1849 
included  neighborhood,  hand,  and  building  trades  and 
those  for  1909  did  not,  nevertheless  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts in  the  latter  year  was  over  twenty  times  as 
great  as  the  value  reported  60  years  before.  During 
the  same  time  the  number  of  wage  earners  employed 
increased  almost  sixfold. 

As  judged  by  the  number  of  wage  earners,  the  decade 
showing  the  greatest  percentage  of  increase  was  that 
from  1859  to  1869,  during  which  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  increased  56.6  per  cent.    The  decade  1879 


to  1889  also  showed  an  exceptionally  high  percentage 
of  increase  in  this  respect,  while  the  next  largest  per- 
centage of  increase  occurred  during  the  decade  from 
1899  to  1909.  As  respects  value  of  products,  the  per- 
centage of  increase  during  the  past  decade  exceeds  that 
in  any  other  except  the  decade  from  1849  to  1859 ;  but  in 
value  added  by  manufacture,  the  percentage  of  increase 
during  the  past  10  years  falls  below  that  from  1879  to 
1889,  as  well  as  that  from  1849  to  1859. 

The  absolute  increases  shown  for  the  various  items 
covered  by  the  table  during  the  decade  1899  to  1909 


440 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


were  much  greater  than  during  any  other  decade;  the 
increase  in  value  of  products,  in  fact,  almost  equaled 
the  total  value  of  all  manufactured  products  in  1889. 

Leading  industries. — The  relative  importance  of  the 
leading  manufactiu-ing  industries  in  the  United  States 
in  1909  and  their  growth  from  1899  to  1909  are 
shown  in  Table  4,  wliich  includes  the  industries  hav- 
mg  a  gross  value  of  products  in  1909  of  $100,000,000 
or  more.  The  industries  are  arranged  in  the  order 
of  the  value  of  products.  The  table  also  shows  the 
rank  of  the  industries  listed,  not  only  with  respect  to 
value  of  products,  but  with  respect  to  number  of  wage 
earners  employed  and  value  added  by  manufacture, 
and  the  percentage  of  the  total  of  each  of  these  items 
for  all  industries  combined  which  is  represented  by 
each  specified  industry.  While  the  column  of  rank 
under  "Value  of  products"  represents  correctly  the 
order  of  the  industries  named  among  all  the  industries 
of  the  country,  the  ranking  shown  with  reference  to 
number  of  wage  earners  and  value  added  by  manufac- 
ture relates  only  to  the  relative  order  of  the  industries 
covered  by  this  particular  table.  There  are  various 
industries  not  named  which  rank  higher  in  these 
respects  than  some  of  the  industries  listed  in  the 
table. 

The  number  of  wage  earners  and  the  value  added 
by  manufacture  are,  at  least  from  certain  standpoints, 
a  better  measure  of  the  relative  importance  of  manufac- 
turing industries  than  the  gross  value  of  products.  In 
some  industries  the  value  of  the  materials  used  consti- 
tutes by  far  the  larger  part  of  the  total  value  of  products, 
the  manufacturing  process  involving  the  addition  of 
only  a  small  amount  of  labor  cost  and  other  expenses 
and  of  manufacturer's  profit  to  the  cost  of  the  materials. 
Moreover,  in  some  of  the  industries  there  is  a  much 
greater  duplication  in  the  gross  value  of  products  than 
in  others.  This  duphcation,  of  course,  does  not 
appear  in  the  value  added  by  manufacture. 

In  considering  the  ranking  of  the  industries  in 
Table  4,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  some  of 
the  industries  specified  are  in  a  sense  groups  of  in- 
dustries rather  than  single  industries.  As  stated  in 
the  Introduction,  in  certain  cases,  in  order  to  avoid 
a  misleading  understatement  of  the  importance  of  the 
production  of  a  given  minor  class  of  commodities,  the 
returns  for  establishments  making  these  commodities 
as  their  sole  or  principal  product  have  had  to  be  com- 
bined with  those  of  establishments  in  larger  indus- 
tries which  produce  primarily  other  commodities,  but 
which  incidentally  make  a  large  part  of  the  distinctive 
products  in  question.  In  a  few  instances  where  a 
similar  condition  exists,  however,  it  was  deemed  best 
not  to  make  such  a  combination  of  industries.  As  also 
stated  in  the  Introduction,  the  report  for  each  estab- 
lishment, as  a  whole,  has  been  assigned  to  a  given 
class  of  industry  according  to  its  products  of  chief 
value,  so  that  the  figures  for  any  given  class  must 
not  be  taken  either  as  fully  covering  or  as  represent- 


ing exclusively  the  operations  of  that  branch  of  man- 
ufacturing indicated  by  the  industry  designation. 

The  following  explanations  show  the  scope  of  those 
classifications  in  the  table  which  are  not  on  their  face 
entirely  clear: 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing, — This  classification 
includes  the  wholesale  slaughtering  and  meat-pack- 
ing establishments  and  those  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  sausage,  but  not  the  numerous  retail 
butcher  shops  which  in  the  aggregate  slaughter  a  large 
number  of  animals.  It  includes  the  manufacture  of 
many  by-products,  some  of  which  are  carried  to  a 
high  degree  of  elaboration. 

Foundry  and  machine-sTiop  products. — This  industry 
includes  all  allied  industries  excepting  those  which 
manufacture  a  distinctive  product  indicated  by  some 
other  classification,  such  as  cash  registers,  calculating 
machines,  sewing  machines,  and  electrical  machinery. 
The  establishments  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
bells,  gas  machines  and  gas  and  water  meters,  hard- 
Ware,  plumbers'  supplies,  saddlery  hardware,  steam 
fittings,  structural  ironwork,  and  cast-iron  and  cast- 
steel  pipe,  some  of  which  were  reported  under  separate 
classifications  at  previous  censuses,  are  all  included 
under  this  general  heading. 

Lumber  and  timber  products. — This  industry  em- 
braces logging  operations,  ordinary  sawmills,  planing 
mills,  and  establishments  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  wooden  packing  boxes.  It  does  not  include  sta- 
tistics of  mills  engaged  exclusively  in  custom  sawing 
for  local  consumption. 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills. — This 
industry  embraces  the  manufacture  of  steel  and  the 
hot  rolling  of  iron  and  steel.  It  also  includes  the  mak- 
ing of  forgings  and  castings  and  the  manufacture  of 
rolled  iron  and  steel  into  more  highly  finished  forms 
when  conducted  as  a  part  of  the  rolling-mill  operations, 
as  well  as  the  few  extant  forges  and  bloomeries.  It 
does  not,  however,  include  the  making  of  cold-rolled 
products,  nor  of  forgings,  castings,  and  manufactures 
of  iron  and  steel  by  establishments  not  equipped  with 
steel-making  furnaces  or  hot -trains  of  rolls. 

Flour-miM  and  gristmill  products. — This  classifica- 
tion includes  statistics  for  all  mills  grinding  wheat, 
rye,  or  buckwheat  flour,  or  corn  meal,  hominy,  grits, 
or  feed,  but  it  does  not  include  statistics  for  mills  doing 
custom  grinding  exclusively,  or  for  factories  making 
fancy  cereal  food  or  other  special  food  preparations  as  a 
chief  product. 

Printing  and  publishing. — This  classification  in- 
cludes job-printing  establishments,  the  printing  and 
publishing  of  books,  newspapers  and  periodicals, 
and  music,  bookbinding,  steel  engraving,  and  litho- 
graphing. 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares. — In  addi- 
tion to  the  statistics  for  cotton  mills  proper,  there  are 
included  under  this  head  the  statistics  for  establish- 
ments that  make  a  specialty  of  small  wares,  such  as 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


441 


braids,  tapes,  bindings,  corset  and  shoe  laces,  and  the 
like. 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts. — This  classification 
includes  the  making  of  men's  and  boys'  ready-made 
clothing;  the  making  of  overalls,  butchers'  aprons, 
bathing  suits,  and  gymnasium  clothing;  and  the  manu- 
facture of  all  kinds  of  shirts — cotton,  linen,  flannel, 
etc. — as  well  as  shirt  bosoms  and  shirt  waists  for  men 
and  boys. 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings. — 
Under  this  head  are  included  not  only  factories  making 
the  finished  product,  but  those  doing  the  whole  or 
part  of  the  work  on  materials  furnished  by  others,  as 
well  as  shops  doing  stitching,  crimping,  fitting,  and 
bottoming,  or  performing  other  special  operations. 
The  manufacture  of  footwear  not  coming  strictly 
under  the  head  of  boots  and  shoes,  such  as  overgaiters, 
moccasins,  and  leggings,  is  also  covered  by  this  desig- 
nation. It  does  not  include  the  manufacture  of  rub- 
ber boots  and  shoes. 

Clothing,  women's. — Besides  the  making  of  suits, 
dresses,  skirts,  and  shirt  waists,  this  industry  includes 
the  manufacture  of  women's  underwear  and  night 
robes,  of  infants'  clothing,  and  of  such  articles  as 
aprons,  linings,  belts,  dress  shields,  and  hose  sup- 
porters. 

Sugar  and  molcLsses,  not  including  beet  sugar. — 
Under  this  classification  are  included  the  manufacture 
of  sugar  and  of  some  by-products  of  the  sugar  indus- 
try, such  as  molasses  and  sirup,  and  also  the  opera- 
tions of  sugar  refineries,  together  with  the  manufacture 
of  maple  sugar.  It  does  not,  however,  include  the 
small  plantation  or  custom  sugar  mills. 

Furniture  and  refrigerators. — This  industry  embraces 
the  manufacture  of  wood  and  metal  furniture  of  all 
kinds,  store  and  office  fixtures,  and  refrigerators  and 
ice  boxes,  except  where  such  products  are  provided  for 
by  a  distinct  classification,  such  as  show  cases. 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products. — This  classifica- 
tion.comprises  the  manufacture  of  sheet-metal  prod- 
ucts of  copper,  tin,  and  iron,  including  the  prepa- 
ration of  copper,  tin,  or  sheet-iron  material  for  build- 
ing construction.  It  includes  the  factory  work  on 
cornices,  skylights,  roofiing,  etc.,  but  does  not  include 
the  erection  or  installation  of  the  same. 

Canning  and  preserving. — This  industry  includes  the 
canning  and  preserving  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  fish, 
oysters,  clams,  etc.,  and  the  manufacture  of  pickles, 
preserves,  jellies,  sauces,  etc.  It  includes  the  prepara- 
tion of  pickled,  smoked,  and  dried  fish,  and  the  packing 
of  dried  fruits  by  packing  houses  which  make  a  spe- 
cialty of  such  business,  but  does  not  include  the 
drying  and  packing  of  fruits  by  the  grower  on  the  farm, 
nor  does  it  include  the  canning  of  meats,  soups,  and 
similar  products  in  meat-packing  establishments,  the 
statistics  for  which  are  included  with  those  for  the 
slaughtering  and  meat-packing  industry. 


Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists^ 
preparations. — Under  this  head  are  included  establish- 
ments making  so-called  patent  medicines,  and  also 
some  compounds  that  are  not  used  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses, and  the  manufacture  of  capsules,  extracts, 
tinctures,  and  other  pharmaceutical  preparations,  to- 
gether with  perfumery  and  cosmetics. 

Chemicals. — This  classification  includes  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  acids, 
sodas,  potashes,  alums,  coal-tar  products,  cyanides, 
bleaching  materials,  plastics,  compressed  or  liquefied 
gases,  alkaloids,  gold,  silver,  and  platinum  salts, 
chloroform,  ether,  and  other  fine  chemicals,  glycerin, 
epsom  salts,  copperas,  blue  vitriol,  and  other  bases  and 
salts,  when  they  are  made  as  a  chief  product  by  the 
establishment  reporting.  Chemical  substances  pro- 
duced by  the  aid  of  electricity  are  presented  in  a 
group  by  themselves.  Chemicals  of  the  class  above 
specified  are  frequently  manufactured  as  by-products 
by  establishments  classified  in  the  census  reports  under 
a  different  head,  for  example,  by  establishments  making 
patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  prepa- 
rations, soap,  fertilizers,  baking  powders,  and  flavoring 
extracts;  by  refiners  of  coal  tar  for  use  as  roofing  ma- 
terial; by  smelters  and  refiners  of  lead  and  zinc;  and 
by  establishments  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  sul- 
phuric, nitric,  and  mixed  acids  and  of  explosives,  in 
wood  distillation,  and  in  making  tin  and  terne  plate. 

It  will  be  seen  from  Table  4  that  some  of  the  indus- 
tries that  hold  a  very  high  rank  in  gross  value  of  prod- 
ucts rank  comparatively  low  in  the  number  of  wage 
earners  employed  and  in  the  value  added  by  manu- 
facture. Where  tins  is  the  case  it  indicates  that  the 
cost  of  materials  represents  a  large  proportion  of  the 
total  value  of  products,  and  that  therefore  the  value 
added  by  manufacture,  of  which  wages  constitute 
usually  the  largest  item,  is  not  commensurate  with 
the  total  value  of  products.  Thus  the  slaughtering 
and  meat-packing  industry,  which  ranks  first  in  gross 
value  of  products,  and  the  flour-mill  and  gristmill  in- 
dustry, which  ranks  fifth  in  that  respect,  both  hold 
a  comparatively  low  rank  with  regard  to  number  of 
wage  earners  and  value  added  by  manufacture.  The 
blast-furnace  industry,  the  smelting  and  refining  of 
copper,  the  manufacture  and  refining  of  sugar  and  mo- 
lasses, the  manufacture  of  butter,  cheese,  and  con- 
densed milk,  the  refining  of  petroleum,  and  the  smelt- 
ing and  refining  of  lead  are  other  industries  which 
rank  much  higher  in  gross  value  of  products  than  in 
the  number  of  wage  earners  or  the  value  added  by 
manufacture. 

There  are  several  industries  the  rank  of  wliich 
according  to  the  number  of  wage  earners  and  the  value 
added  by  manufacture  is  decidedly  higher  than  the 
rank  according  to  value  of  products;  in  other  words, 
the  cost  of  materials  is  relatively  a  smaller  part  of  the 
total  value  of  products  for  these  industries  than  for 


442 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


most  others.  Among  the  industries  of  tliis  class  are 
the  making  of  women's  clothing,  the  manufacture  of 
automobiles,  furniture,  electrical  machinery,  apparatus, 
and  supplies,  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  silk  goods,  and 
agricultural  implements,  and  the  confectionery  and 
marble  and  stone  work  industries. 

The  foundry  and  machine-shop  industry,  the  lum- 
ber industry,  the  steel  works  and  rolUng  mills,  the 
printing  and  pubUsliing  industry,  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods,  of  men's  clothing,  and  of  boots  and  shoes 
all  rank  among  the  first  10  industries  in  the  table  on 


each  of  the  three  bases  shown  in  the  table.  The  fig- 
ures for  both  value  of  products  and  value  added  by 
manufacture  in  the  case  of  the  brewery  and  distillery 
industries  include  a  very  large  amount  of  tax  paid  to 
the  Federal  Government,  and  are  therefore  misleading 
as  an  indication  of  the  relative  importance  of  these 
industries  from  a  purely  manufacturing  standpoint. 
That  importance  is  best  shown  by  their  ranking  in 
number  of  wage  earners;  in  this  respect  the  brewery  in- 
dustry ranks  twenty-fifth  among  the  industries  listed, 
and  the  distillery  industry  forty- third. 


Table  4 


All  Industries 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills... 
Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Printing  and  publishing 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares. . . 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  find- 
ings   

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs 

by  steam-railroad  companies 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Clothing,  women's 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper 

Liquors,  malt 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar. . 
Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Automobiles,  includmg  bodies  and  parts 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Petroleum,  refining 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies. 

Liquors,  distilled , 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods , 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Gas,  illuminathig  and  heating 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Canning  and  preserving , 

Brass  and  bronze  products , 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Agricultural  implements 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  drug- 
gists' preparations 

Confectionery 

Paint  and  varnish 

Cars,  steam-raih-oad,  not  including  operations 
of  railroad  companies 

Chemicals 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Leather  goods 

All  other  industries 


Number 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


268,491 

1,641 
13,253 
40,671 
446 
11,691 

31,445 
1.324 
6,354 

1,918 


15,822 

1,145 

23,926 

208 

4,558 

38 

1,414 

919 

233 

8,479 

777 
743 

3,155 
147 

1,009 

613 
1,374 
4,228 

852 
28 

1,296 
5,492 
3,767 
1,021 
817 

640 

3,642 

1,944 

791 

110 

349 

4,964 

2,375 

61,887 


WAGE  EARNERS. 


Average 
number. 


6,61S,046 

89,728 
531,011 
695,019 
240,076 

39,453 

258,434 
378,880 
239,696 

198,297 
168,722 

166,810 

282,174 
100,216 
38,429 
153,743 

15,628 
54,579 
62,202 
13,526 
18,431 

75,978 
75,721 
128, 452 
13,929 
87,256 

6,430 

129,275 

73,615 

99,037 

7,424 

37,215 
69,928 
59,968 
40,618 
17,071 

50,551 

22,895 
44,638 
14,240 

43,086 

23,714 

65,603 

34,907 

1,648,441 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 


100.0 

1.4 
8.0 
10.5 
3.6 
0.6 

3.9 
5.7 
3.6 

3.0 
2.6 

2.5 

4.3 
1.5 
0.6 
2.3 

0.2 
0.8 
0.9 
0.2 
0.3 

1.2 
1.1 
1.9 
0.2 
1.3 

0.1 
2.0 
1.1 
1.5 
0.1 

0.6 
1.1 
0.9 
0.6 
0.3 

0.8 

0.3 
0.7 
0.2 

0.7 

0.4 
1.0 
0.5 
24.9 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


Amount 

(expressed 

in  thou- 


980,678,058 

1,370,568 

1,228,475 

1.156,129 

985,723 

883,584 

737,876 
628,392 
568,077 

512,798 
435,979 

416,695 

405,601 
396,865 
391.429 
384,752 

378,806 
374,730 
327,874 
279,249 
274,558 

267,657 
249,202 
239,887 
236,998 
221,309 

204,699 
200,144 
199,824 
196,912 
167,406 

166,814 
159,893 
157,101 
149,989 
147,868 

146,329 

141,942 
134,7% 
124,889 

123,730 

117,689 

113,093 

104,719 

4,561,002 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
trlbu. 
tlon. 


100.0 

6.6 
5.9 
5.6 
4.8 
4.3 

3.6 
3.0 

2.7 

2.5 
2.1 

2.0 

2.0 
1.9 
1.9 
1.9 

1.8 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 
1.3 

1.3 
1.2 
1.2 
1.1 
1.1 

1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.8 

0.8 
0.8 
0.8 
0.7 
0.7 

0.7 

0.7 
0.7 
0.6 

0.6 

0.6 
0.5 
0.5 
22.8 


VALUE  ADDED  BY 
MANUFACTURE. 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 


Amount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


$8,529,261 

167,740 
688, 464 
648,011 
328,222 
116,008 

536, 101 
257,383 
270,562 

180,060 
153, 101 

239,509 

206,188 
158,831 
70, 791 
175,964 

45,274 
278, 134 
79,595 
31,666 
39,012 

102,215 
117,556 
131,112 
37,725 
112,743 

168,722 
89,903 
87,242 
89,145 
15,443 

114,386 
77,942 
55,278 
50,761 
28,035 

86,022 

91,566 
53,645 
45,873 

44,977 

53,567 

75,696 

44,692 

2,084,399 


Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu 
tion. 


100.0 

2.0 
8.1 
7.6 
3.9 
1.4 

6.3 
3.0 
3.2 

2.1 
1.8 

2.8 

2.4 
1.9 
0.8 
2.1 

0.5 
3.3 
0.9 
0.4 
0.5 

1.2 
1.4 
1.5 
0.4 
1.3 

2.0 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
0.2 

1.3 
0.9 
0.7 
0.6 
0.3 

1.0 

1.1 
0.6 
0.5 

0.5 

0.6 
0.9 
0.5 
24.4 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number). 


1904- 
1909 


1899- 
1904 


81.0 

19.0 
19.8 
30.5 
15.7 
0.9 

18.0 
19.9 
38.0 

23.7 
15.0 

4.6 

19.1 
23.3 
9.6 
32.9 

22.6 
13.4 

8.7 
-0.2 

18.5 

15.2 

528.4 

12.5 

-16.9 

44.3 

20.1 
24.2 
38.8 
24.4 
-2.0 

21.8 
-10.2 
5.3 
22.6 
9.9 

6.7 

11.8 
23.2 
22.4 

26.5 

19.7 

28.4 

2.1 

18.5 


16.0 

8.9 

3.8 

4.7 

13  3 

21.4 

12.2 
4.3 
10.2 

6.0 
12.3 

20.3 

36.4 

35.0 

-10.6 

38.2 

12.6 
22.0 
9.8 
-4.1 
21.6 

32.9 
437.7 
26.0 
37.4 
43.9 

44.0 
24.4 
38.4 
21.7 
-9.0 

36.1 

5.6 

-0.1 

22.1 

41.2 

1.7 

7.6 
34.9 
20.0 


4.1 
22.6 
16.8 
23.9 


Value  of 
products. 


1904- 
1909 


39.7 

48.6 
39.5 
30.7 
46.3 
23.9 

33.6 
39.5 
39.7 

43.4 
36.5 

25.8 

30.9 

47.2 
68.8 
55.4 

57.3 
25.6 
29.8 
0.7 
63.2 

41.8 
729.7 
34.9 
35.4 
57.2 

65.9 
46.0 
66.6 
47.7 


33.3 
2.6 
20.4 
46.5 
63.4 

30.6 

20.9 
64.8 
37.5 

11.3 

56.5 
33.3 
27.5 
41.8 


1899- 
1904 


29.7 

17.0 
10.3 
16.2 
12.9 
42.2 

39.8 
32.8 
25.6 

23.3 
28.4 

25.6 

42.0 
53.7 
12.1 
55.4 

45.8 
25.9 
23.8 
15.7 


48.2 
632.6 
36.1 
41.2 
52.3 

35.6 
43.0 
53.1 
24.3 
5.9 

65.3 
12.7 
31.3 

15.5 
64.2 

10.7 

32.3 
43.6 
30.6 

22.8 

20.1 
33.3 
35.9 
41.6 


Value  added 
by  manufac- 
ture. 


1904- 
1909 


35.5 

51.6 
34.2 
23.7 
41.0 
24.7 

30.8 
66.7 
38.5 

36.0 
33.4 

16.8 

29.9 
39.8 
33.9 
50.5 

2.8 
24.6 
29.6 
-2.7 
54.4 

32.0 

696.3 

29.9 

5.9 

52.4 

69.7 
49.1 
55.8 
55.2 

-8.5 

30.0 
-0.5 
16.8 
38.1 
71.2 

35.0 

17.5 
40.1 
47.9 

26.6 

61.5 
29.9 
18.6 
36.6 


1899- 
1904 


80.8 

7.3 
17.8 
32.3 
12.8 
27.0 

40.6 
1.0 

25.5 

34.3 
20.9 

20.0 

46.0 

41.4 

-29.7 

56.7 

2.5 
20.6 
25.3 
77.5 
15.1 

36.4 
473.5 
37.8 
69.0 
72.1 

29.4 
36.1 
66.6 
28.0 
-46.1 

59.6 
9.6 
32.7 
3.3.8 
20.8 

11.3 

37.1 
51.4 
24.9 

23.5 

18.0 
38.4 
38.5 
47.1 


'  Per  cent  of  increase  is  based  on  figures  in  Table  110.    A  minus  sign  (-)  denotes  decrease. 


The  table  shows  very  great  differences  among  the 
several  industries  with  respect  to  the  percentages  of 
increase  in  the  number  of  wage  earners,  value  of 
products,  and  value  added  by  manufacture.  The 
great  majority  of  the  industries,  however,  show  an 


increase  in  each  of  these  items  for  each  of  the  five- 
year  periods,  the  exceptions  being  the  sugar  industry 
and  the  smelting  and  refining  of  lead,  which  show  a 
decrease  in  one  or  more  items  for  each  five-year 
period;    the  refining   of    petroleum,  which    shows   a 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


443 


PER  CENT  DISTRIBUTION   OF  VALUE   OF  PRODUCTS, 
BY  INDUSTRIES:  1909. 


PER  CENT   DISTRIBUTION  OF  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OP 
WAGE  EARNERS,   BY  INDUSTRIES:  1909. 


MEAT  PACKINQ 

rOUNDRV  AND  MACHINE  SHOPS 

LUMBER 

STEEL  ROLLINO  MILLS 

FLOUR  MILLS 

PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHINO 

COTTON  GOODS 

CLOTHING,  MEN'S 

flOOTS  AND  SHOES 

WOOLEN    GOODS 

TOBACCO 

AAILROAO   SHOPS 

BAKERIES 

BLAST  FURNACES 

CLOTHING,  WOMEN'S 

COPPER   SMELTING 

LIQUORS,  MALT 

LEATHER 

SUGAR  AND  MOLASSES 

SUTTER  AND  CHEESE 

PAPER  AND  PULP 

AUTOMOBILES 

FURNITURE 

PETROLEUM,  REFINING 

ELECTRICAL  APPARATUS. 

LIQUORS,  DISTILLED 

KNIT  GOODS 

COPPER,  TIN,  AND  SHEET  IRON 

SILK  GOODS 


decrease  in  one  item,  and  the  manufacture  of  carriages 
and  wagons,  which  shows  a  decrease  in  two  items,  for 
the  period  1904  to  1909;  and  the  blast-furnace  indus- 
try and  the  canning  and  preserving  industry,  which 
show  a  decrease  in  one  item  each  during  the  period 
1899  to  1904. 

By  far  the  highest  percentages  of  increase  are  shown 
for  the  automobile  industry,  the  gross  value  of  products 
of  wliich  increased  more  than  sevenfold  during  the  five 
years  1904  to  1909,  and  more  than  fifty  fold  durmg 
the  decade  as  a  whole.  Other  industries  wliich 
show  exceptionally  large  increases  for  both  five-year 
periods  in  all  three  items  are  the  making  of  men's  and 
of  women's  clotliing,  the  bakery  and  the  butter,  cheese, 
and  condensed-milk  industries,  the  manufacture  of 
electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  suppUes,  and  of 
copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products,  the  distillery  in- 
dustry, the  manufacture  of  hosiery  and  knit  goods 
and  of  silk  and  silk  goods,  the  illuminating-gas  indus- 
try, the  manufacture  of  brass  and  bronze  products, 
and  the  confectionery,  paint  and  varnish,  and  marble 
and  stone  work  industries.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  group  of  "all  other  industries, "  which  in- 


LUMBER 

FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  SHOPS 

COTTON  GOODS 

RAILROAD   SHOPS 

PRINTING  AND  PUBLISHING 

STEEL  ROLLING  MILLS 

CLOTHING,  MEN'S 

BOOTS  AND  SHOES 

WOOLEN    GOODS 

TOBACCO 

CLOTHING,  WOMEN'S 

KNIT  GOODS 

FURNITURE 

BAKERIES 

SILK  GOODS 

MEAT  PACKING 

ELECTRICAL   APPARATUS 

PAPER  AND  PULP 

AUTOMOBILES 

COPPER,  TIN,  AND  SHEET  IRON 

CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS 

MARBLE  AND  STONE 

LEATHER 

CANNING  AND  PRESERVING 

LIQUORS,  MALT 

AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS 

CONFeCTIONERY 

CARS,  STEAM-RAILROAD 

BRASS  AND  BRONZE 


eludes  the  less  important  industries  of  the  country, 
shows  greater  percentages  of  increase  than  all  indus- 
tries combined,  thus  indicating  possibly  an  increased 
tendency  toward  diversification  in  manufacturing 
industries. 

The  percentage  of  increase  in  all  three  of  the  items — 
number  of  wage  earners,  gross  value  of  products,  and 
value  added  by  manufacture — was  greater  during  the 
second  five-year  period  (1904  to  1909)  than  during 
the  first  (1899  to  1904)  in  the  slaughtering  and  meat- 
packing and  foundry  and  machine-shop  industries,  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  goods,  the  men's  clothing,  boot 
and  shoe,  and  woolen-goods  industries,  the  smelting  and 
refining  of  copper,  the  manufacture  of  automobiles,  silk 
and  silk  goods,  brass  and  bronze  products,  agricultural 
implements,  and  paint  and  varnish,  the  steel  works 
and  rolling  mills,  and  the  chemical  industry.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  percentage  of  increase  in  all  three 
items  was  less  during  the  later  five-year  period  than 
during  the  earher  in  the  flour-mill  and  gristmill,  rail- 
road repair  shop,  bakery,  women's  clothing,  paper  and 
wood  pulp,  petroleum  refining,  furniture,  illuminating 
gas,  carriage  and  wagon,  and  leather-goods  industries. 


-444 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


In  all  the  other  industries  covered  by  the  table  the 
increases  during  the  second  period  are  in  some  items 
greater  than  during  the  first  period,  while  in  other 
items  they  are  less,  or  else  the  industry  shows  a  decrease 
during  one  or  both  periods. 

In  considering  the  relative  importance  of  the  indus- 
tries shown  in  Table  110  and  not  included  in  Table  4, 
it  should  be  noted  that  there  are  several  industries 
listed  the  figures  given  for  which  fall  far  short  of  being  a 
complete  presentation  of  the  statistics  for  that  branch  of 
manufactures  covered  by  the  industry  designation,  for 
the  reason  that  they  cover  only  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  manufacturing  the  class  of  products  indi- 
cated by  this  designation,  while  large  quantities  of  the 
same  products  are  manufactured  incidentally  by  estab- 
hshments  classified  under  other  heads.  Some  conspic- 
uous examples  are  the  manufacture  of  glue,  candl  es,  lard, 
and  fertilizers,  and  the  dyeing  and  finishing  of  textiles. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  glue,  lard,  and  fertilizers  are 
manufactured  by  slaughtering  and  meat-packing  estab- 
lishments, and  quantities  of  fertilizers  are  also  made  in 
cottonseed-oil  mills.  The  dyeing  and  finishing  of  tex- 
tiles is  done  largely  in  the  establishments  that  manufac- 
ture the  fabric.  Candles  are  manufactured  in  establish- 
ments classified  under  the  head  of  "soap  "  and  in  those 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  petroleum  products. 
For  reasons  of  this  characterthe  roasting  and  grinding  of 
coffee  and  spice,  and  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers,  food 
preparations,  and  rubber  goods,  and  the  soap  industry, 
for  each  of  which  products  valued  at  over  $100,000,000 
were  reported,  are  not  shown  in  Table  4. 


Summary  by  states  and  geographic  divisions. — Table 
5  on  the  next  page  shows,  for  each  state,  the  popu- 
lation, also  the  number  of  wage  earners,  value  of 
products,  and  value  added  by  manufacture  in  1909, 
together  with  the  rank  of  the  state  with  respect  ta 
each  of  these  items  and  the  percentage  of  the  total 
reported  from  each  state.  It  also  shows  the  percent- 
age of  increase  with  respect  to  each  of  these  three  items 
from  1904  to  1909  and  from  1899  to  1904,  respectively. 
The  states  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  rank 
with  respect  to  value  of  products. 

The  first  seven  states  in  respect  to  value  of  products- 
are  also  the  first  seven  in  respect  to  number  of  wage 
earners  and  value  added  by  manufacture.  Each  of 
these  seven  states  has  the  same  rank  in  all  three  respects 
except  that  Illinois,  which  is  third  in  value  of  products 
and  value  added  by  manufacture,  ranks  fourth  in  num- 
ber of  wage  earners,  Massachusetts  advancing  to  third 
place.  These  seven  states  together  reported  over  three- 
fifths  of  the  total  value  of  manufactured  products  for 
the  United  States, 

Most  of  the  other  states  show  approximately  the  same 
rank  in  each  of  the  three  items,  but  there  are  several 
states  in  which,  because  of  the  large  proportion  which  the 
cost  of  materials  represents  of  the  total  value  of  products, 
the  rank  according  to  value  of  products  is  materially 
higher  than  that  in  number  of  wage  earners  or  in  value 
added  by  manufacture.  This  is  particularly  true  of 
states  in  which  the  flour-mill  and  slaughtering  indus- 
tries are  the  most  important.  The  most  noteworthy 
case  of  this  character  is  Kansas,  which  ranks  four- 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  MANUFACTURES:  1909. 


KANS.  I         MO.  V      «     L^y--    ^^  V-'      •   O 


•  $150,000,000 

9  1112,500,000  to  $150,000,000 

9  $75,000,000  to  $112,500,000 

Q  $37,600,000  to  $75,000,000 

O  I'Css  than  $37,500,000 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


445 


teenth  in  value  of  products,  but  only  thirty-third  in 
number  of  wage  earners  and  twenty-eighth  in  value 
added  by  manufacture. 

With  only  one  exception  all  of  the  states  show  an 
increase  in  each  of  the  three  items  from  1904  to  1909; 
in  Montana,  however,  the  value  added  by  manufac- 
ture shows  a  decrease  for  this  period,  due  largely  to 
merely  technical  differences  in  methods  of  account- 
ing in  the  smelting  industry,  which  is  the  principal 
one  in  that  state.  A  few  of  the  states  showed  a 
decrease  in  one  or  more  items  for  the  period  1899 
to  1904. 


The  greatest  percentages  of  increase  are  naturally 
in  those  states  in  which  the  development  of  manu- 
facturing industries  is  comparatively  recent.  Thus 
Texas,  Washington,  Oregon,  Utah,  Oklahoma,  Idaho, 
North  Dakota,  and  Nevada  show  exceptionally  high 
rates  of  increase  for  both  five-year  periods.  Among 
the  10  states  which  are  most  important  in  manufac- 
turing the  most  conspicuous  advances  are  in  Ohio, 
New  Jersey,  and  Michigan.  The  absolute  increase, 
as  distinguished  from  the  percentage  of  increase,  was 
greater  in  New  York,  the  leading  manufacturing  state, 
than  in  any  other  state. 


Table  6 


New  Jersey. 
Michigan . . . 
Wisconsin.. 

Indiana 

Missouri 


California 

Connecticut . 
Minnesota... 

Kansas 

Maryland . . . 


United  States »l,»72,S6e 

New  York 9, 113, 614 

Pennsylvania 7, 665,  HI 

Illinois 5, 638, 591 

Massachusetts 3, 366, 416 

Ohio 4,767,121 

2,537,167 
2,810,173 
2,333,860 
2,700,876 
3,293,335 

2,377,549 
1,114,756 
2,075,708 
1,600,949 
1,296,346 

Rhode  Island 542, 610 

Texas 3,896,542 

Iowa 2, 224, 771 

Louisiana 1 ,  666, 388 

Kentucky 2,289,905 

Washington 1 ,  141 ,  990 

Virginia 2, 061, 612 

North  Carolina 2, 206, 287 

Georgia 2,609,121 

Nebraska 1, 192, 214 

Tennessee 2,184,789 

Maine 742, 371 

New  Hampshire 430, 572 

West  Virginia 1, 221, 119 

Alabama 2, 138,093 

Colorado 799,024 

South  Carolina i  1, 515. 400 

Oregon 672, 765 

Mississippi 1,797,114 

Arkansas 1, 574, 449 


Population 


Montana. . . 
Florida.... 
Vermont.. 

Utah 

Oklahoma. 


Delaware 

Arizona 

District  of  Columbia. 

Idaho 

North  Dakota 


South  Dakota. 

Nevada 

New  Mexico  . . 
Wyoming 


376,053 
752,619 
355,956 
373,351 
1,657,155 

202,322 
204,354 
331,069 
325,594 
677,056 

583,888 
81,875 
327,301 
145,965 


Number 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


SM,i91 

44,935 
27,563 
18,026 
11,684 
15,138 

8,817 
9,159 
9,721 
7,960 
8,375 

7,659 
4,251 
5,561 
3,435 

4,837 

1,961 
4,588 
5,528 
2,516 
4,776 

3,674 
5,685 
4,931 
4,792 
2^500 

4,609 
3,546 
1,961 
2,586 
3,398 

2,034 
1,854 
2,246 
2,598 
2,925 

677 
2,159 
1,958 

749 
2,310 

726 
311 
518 
726 
752 

1,020 
177 
313 
268 


VAOE  EABNXRS. 


Average 
number. 


«,61<,04e 

!  1,003,981 
877,543 
465,764 
584,559 
446,934 

326,223 
231,499 
182,583 
186,984 
152,993 

115,296 
210,792 
84,767 
44,215 
107,921 

113,538 
70,230 
61,635 
76,165 
65,400 

69,120 
105,676 
121,473 
104,588 

24,336 

73,840 
79,955 
78,658 
63,893 
72,148 

28,067 
73,046 
28,750 
50,384 
44,982 

11,655 
67,473 
33,788 
11,785 
13,143 

21,238 
6,441 
7,707 
8,220 
2,789 

3,602 
2,257 
4,143 
2,867 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu-l 
tion 


100.0 

15.2 
13.3 
7.0 
8.8 
6.8 

4.9 
3.5 
2.8 
2.8 
2.3 

1.7 
3.2 
1.3 
0.7 
1.6 

1.7 
1.1 
0.9 
1.2 
1.0 

1.0 
1.6 
1.8 
1.6 
0.4 

1.1 
1.2 
1.2 
1.0 
1.1 

0.4 
1.1 
0.4 
0.8 
0.7 

0.2 
0.9 
0.6 
0.2 
0.2 

0.3 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 
(») 

0.1 
(») 
0.1 

(«) 


VAH7E  or  PRODUCTS. 


Amoimt 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


«S0,«79,05S 

3,369,490 
2,626,742 
1,919,277 
1,490,529 
1,437,936 

1,145,529 
685,109 
690,306 
579,075 
574,111 

529,761 
490,272 
409,420 
325,104 
315,669 

280,344 
272,896 
259,238 
223,949 
223,754 

220,746 
219,794 
216,656 
202,863 
199,019 

180,217 
176,029 
164,581 
161,950 
145,962 

130,044 
113,236 
93,005 
80,555 
74,916 

73,272 
72,890 
68,310 
61,989 
63,682 

52,840 
50,257 
25,289 
22,400 
19,138 

17,870 
11,887 
7,898 
6,249 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion 


100.0 

16.3 
12.7 
9.3 
7.2 
7.0 

5.5 
3.3 
2.9 
2.8 
2.8 

2.6 
2.4 
2.0 
1.6 
1.5 

1.4 
1.3 
1.2 
1.1 
1.1 

1.1 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 

0.9 
0.8 
0.8 
0.8 
0.7 

0.6 
0.6 
0.4 
0.4 
0.4 

0.4 
0.4 
0.3 
0.3 
0.3 

0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.1 

0.1 
0.1 


VALUE  ADDED  BY 
MANUrACTiTBE. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


$8,829,861 

1,512,586 

1,044,182 

758,350 

659,764 

613,734 

425,496 
316, 497 
243,949 
244,700 
219,700 

204,523 
233,013 
127,798 
66,220 
116,620 

122, 152 
94,717 
88,531 
89,084 

111,975 

102,858 
94,211 
94,794 
85,893 
47,938 

76,201 
78,928 
66,424 
69,072 
62,519 

49,553 
46,885 
42,453 
43,629 
39,981 

24,092 
46,762 
33,487 
20,723 
19,529 

21,902 
16,657 
15,042 
12,480 
5,464 

6,394 
3,521 
4,637 
3,641 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
trlbu-l 
tion. 


100.0 

17.7 
12.2 
8.9 
7.7 
7.2 

5.0 
3.7 
2.9 
2.9 
2.6 

2.4 
2.7 
1.5 
0.8 
1.4 

1.4 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.3 

1.2 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 
0.6 

0.0 
0.9 
0.8 
0.8 
0.7 

0.6 
0.6 
0.5 
0.6 
0.5 

0.3 
0.6 
0.4 
0.2 
0.2 

0.3 
0.2 
0.2 
0.1 
0.1 

0.1 
(») 
0.1 
(') 


FEB  CENT  OK  INCSEASE.l 


Wage  earners 
(average 
number). 


IWH- 
1W» 


S1.0 

17.2 
15.0 
22.8 
19.7 
22.7 

22.5 
32.1 
20.6 
21.3 
14.9 

14.9 
16.1 
21.7 
24.3 
14.6 

16.7 
43.1 
24.6 
36.4 
9.4 

52.9 
31.6 
42.3 
12.8 
20.1 

21.9 
6.7 
20.3 
46.0 
16.0 

28.7 
22.9 
55.2 
30.2 
35.9 

30.1 
36.5 
2.1 
46.4 
140.9 

15.0 
34.4 
22.4 
168.5 
68.9 

44.5 
181.4 
19.1 
66.3 


189»- 
1004 


16.0 

17.9 
15.0 
14.0 
11.4 
18.2 

24.5 
12.5 
10.1 
10.9 
23.6 

30.0 

13.7 

7.9 

31.2 

(») 

10.3 
27.1 
11.4 
36.6 
15.6 

43.4 
21.2 
18.0 
11.3 
8.5 

31.8 
7.2 
-3.4 
32.3 
18.0 

11.9 
26.4 
28.1 
44.4 
5.0 

-9.1 
18.7 
17.6 
48.8 

129.1 

-10.2 
63.3 
2.3 
97.2 
29.2 

12.0 
69.1 
39.7 
-11.0 


Value  of 
products. 


1904- 
1009 


89.7 

35.4 
34.3 
36.1 
32.6 
49.7 

47.9 
59.7 
43.6 
47.0 
30.6 

44.3 

32.8 
33.0 
64.0 
29.7 

38.7 
81.3 
61.4 
20.2 
40.1 

71.4 
47.7 
52.0 
34.3 
28.5 

30.6 
22.2 
33.1 
63.5 
33.7 

29.9 
42.7 
67.6 
40.2 
39.1 

10.3 

44.9 

8.3 

69.2 

119.6 

28.4 
79.0 
37.7 
155.4 
87.3 

36.6 
283.9 
38.4 
77.4 


lg9»- 
1904 


n.7 

32.9 
18.5 
25.8 
23.8 
28.3 

40.0 
34.2 
25.8 
16.9 
39.0 

42.7 
17.1 
37.6 
28.7 
15.3 

22.1 
62.0 
20.8 
67.3 
26.3 

81.9 
37.0 
67.1 
69.8 
18.9 

48.7 
27.6 
14.9 
47.8 
51.4 

12.4 
48.8 
61.7 
70.4 
36.0 

26.9 
47.1 
22.5 
116.6 
200.7 

-0.4 
37.4 
11.8 

192.2 
63.2 

37.3 

145.5 

40.5 

7.8 


Value  added 
by  manu- 
facture. 


1904- 
1909 


88.6 

32.7 
28.5 
33.0 
32.6 
41.7 

40.0 
59.0 
32.7 
41.1 
17.3 

35.0 
31.1 
31.3 

58.7 
24.9 


60.7 
53.4 
28.5 
53.0 

64.2 
44.5 
49.9 
27.4 
55.3 

30.0 
23.4 
31.8 
54.8 
28.3 

33.8 
59.4 
74.3 
37.8 
24.7 

-6.5 
38.5 
9.2 
48.2 

142.1 

34.6 
23.5 
41.5 
165.5 
75.0 

45.7 
139.8 
33.0 
63.9 


1899- 
1904 


80.8 

33.5 
17.5 
29.8 
21.7 
27.6 

39.2 
38.6 
30.4 
22.2 
41.8 

63.8 
22.2 
32.6 
25.4 
14.2 

15.0 
53.0 
22.6 
92.7 
23.9 

92.5 
32.3 
56.5 
49.2 
-10.2 

63.6 
23.6 
6.3 
49.8 
42.8 

30.8 
28.7 
57.7 
84.3 
48.6 

12.4 
58.3 
22.0 
113.8 
198.3 

-1.9 

7.4 

18.7 

200.0 

48.0 

44.1 
145.1 
68.3 
17.1 


'  Per  cent  of  increase  is  based  on  figures  in  Table  111.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


Table  6,  on  page  448,  presents  similar  data  for 
the  nine  grand  geographic  divisions  of  the  United 
States,  arranged  in  the  order  of  their  rank  in  value  of 
products.  The  states  included  in  each  division  are 
shown  in  Table  111. 

The  three  Middle  Atlantic  states — New  York,  New 
Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania — together  reported  more  than 
one-third  of  the  total  value  of  manufactured  products 


for  the  country;  the  East  North  Central  states,  about 
one-fourth;  and  the  New  England  states,  somewhat 
over  one-eighth.  These  three  divisions  together  con- 
tributed 72.6  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  manufac- 
tured products  in  1909;  they  showed,  however,  some- 
what lower  percentages  of  increase  during  the  past 
decade  than  the  other  divisions,  in  which  manufactur- 
ing is  of  more  recent  development. 


446 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  MANUFACTUBES,  BY  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 


MILUONfi  OF  DOLLARS 

I 600  2000 


NEW  YONK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

MASSACHUSETTS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MICHIQAN 

WISCONSIN 

INDIANA 

MISSOURI 

CALIFORNIA 

CONNECTICUT 

MINNESOTA 

KANSAS 

MARYLAND 

RHODE  ISLAND 

TEXAS 

WWA 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

WASHINGTON 

VIRGINIA 

NORTH  CAROUNA 

GEORGIA 

NEBRASKA 

TENNESSEE 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

ALABAMA 

COLORADO 

SOUTH  CAROUNA 

OREGON 

MISSISSIPPI 

ARKANSAS 

MONTANA 

FLORIDA 

VERMONT 

UTAH 

OKLAHOMA 

DELAWARE 

ARIZONA 

DWT.  OF  COLUMBIA    f 

IDAHO 

NORTH  DAKOTA 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

NEVADA 

flEWMEXiCb 

WYOMING 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


447 


AYEBAGE  NUMBEIt  OF  WAGE  EABNEBS,  BY  STATES:  1909  AND  1899. 


NUMBER 
480  OOO 


NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

II.UNOI8 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MICHIGAN 

CONNECTICUT 

INDIANA 

WISCONSIN 

MISSOURI 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

CALIFORNIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MARYLAND 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

MINNESOTA 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

LOUISIANA 

TENNESSEE 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

TEXAS 

WASHINGTON 

KENTUCKY 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

IOWA 

FLORIDA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ARKANSAS 

KANSAS 

VERMONT 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 

DELAWARE 

OKLAHOMA 

UTAH 

MONTANA 

IDAHO 

DIST.  OF  COLUMBIA 

ARIZONA 

NEW  MEXICO 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

WYOMING 

NORTH  DAKOTA 

NEVADA 


448 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Takl«6 


VattedStatM 

If jddle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central.. 

New  England 

West  North  Central.. 
South  Atlantic 

Pacific 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central.. 
Mountain 


Popula- 
tion. 


•l,97S^6e 

19.315,892 
18,250,621 
6,552,681 
11,637,921 
12,194,895 

4,192,304 
8,409,901 
8,784,534 
2,633,517 


Number, 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments 


868,491 

81,315 
60,013 
25,351 
27, 171 
28,088 

13,579 
15,381 
12,339 
5,254 


VAOE  EARNERS. 


Average 
number. 


6,616,046 

2,207,747 

1,513,764 

1,101,290 

374,337 

663,015 

213, 166 

2B1,772 

204,520 

75,435 


Per 
cent 

di»- 
trlbu 
tion. 


100.0 

33.4 
22.9 
16. 6 
5.7 
10.0 

3.2 
4.0 
3.1 
1.1 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


$80,672,062 

7, 141, 761 
5, 211, 702 
2,670,065 
1,803,899 
1,381,186 

843,512 
630,488 
625, 443 
363,996 


Per 
cent 

dls- 
tribu. 
tion. 


100.0 

34.5 
25.2 
12.9 
8.7 
6.7 

4.1 
3.0 
3.0 

1.8 


VALUE  ADDED  BY 
MANUFACTURE. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


$8,629,861 

2,982,263 

2,177,230 

1, 193, 768 

562,044 

691, 181 

349,834 
294,325 
243, 312 
135. 304 


Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu 
tion. 


100.0 

35.0 
25.5 
14.0 
6.6 
6.9 

4.1 
3.4 
2.9 

1.6 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE. 


Wage  earners 
(average 
number). 


1904- 
1909 


21.0 

17.0 
23.6 
17.1 
19.8 
26.9 

29.9 
18.3 
42.6 
42.9 


1899- 
1904 


16.0 

17.6 
14.1 
10.4 
17.4 
14.0 

33.2 

24.8 
26.5 
18.6 


Value  of 
products. 


1904- 
1909 


89.7 

36.9 
44.6 
31.8 
40.4 
41.8 

52.9 
35.8 
50.6 
42.9 


1899- 
1904 


89.7 

28.1 
26.4 
22.0 
32.0 
36.8 

51.2 
42.8 
64.6 
32.8 


Value  added 
by  manu- 
facture. 


1904- 
1909 


36.6 

32.2 
39.6 
31.2 
33.0 
39.5 

46.3 
38.7 
44.5 
32.8 


1899- 
1904 


80.8 

28.0 
29.4 
20.3 
29.8 
34.1 

69.7 
42.8 
70.4 
33.6 


Summary  for  60  leading  cities:  1909.  —  Table  7 
presents,  for  the  50  cities  which  stand  highest  in 
value  of  manufactured  products,  arranged  in  order  of 
rank,  data  similar  to  those  presented  for  the  geographic 
divisions  in  Table  6.  It  should  be  particularly  noted 
in  considering  this  table  that  the  figures  relate  only 
to  the  manufacturing  establishments  situated  actually 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  several  cities. 

In  the  case  of  practically  every  city  listed  there 
are  important  manufacturing  establishments  in  the 
immediate  vicinity,  and  in  the  case  of  several  of 
the  cities  such  outside  estabhshments,  which  virtu- 
ally constitute  a  part  of  the  city's  industrial  in- 
terests, have  a  greater  value  of  products  than 
those  within  the  city  itself.  The  most  notable 
instances  of  this  character  are  Pittsburgh  and  Boston, 
which  would  rank  decidedly  higher  in  a  table  based 
on  metropolitan  or  industrial  districts  than  they 
do  in  the  table  for  cities  proper.  While  the  popula- 
tion of  Pittsburgh  proper  is  533,905,  the  population 
of  the  metropoUtan  district  of  Pittsburgh,  as  defined 
by  the  Census  Bureau,  is  1,042,855.  Similarly,  the 
population  of  the  Boston  metropolitan  district  is 
1,520,470,  as  compared  with  670,585  for  the  city 
proper.  Further  details  regarding  the  manufactures  of 
the  25  leading  cities  are  given  in  Table  112. 

The  rank  of  the  cities  of  the  country  with  respect  to 
manufactures  is  in  many  cases  decidedly  d^erent 
from  their  rank  in  population.  Thus  Boston  ranks 
fifth  in  population,  but  eighth  in  value  of  manufac- 
tured products;  Baltimore,  seventh  in  population,  but 
thirteenth  in  value  of  manufactured  products;  and 
Loa  Angeles,  sixteenth  in  population,  but  thirty- 
second  in  value  of  products,  Kansas  City,  Kans., 
on  the  other  hand,  by  reason  of  the  large  slaughtering 
estabhshments  there,  ranks  fifteenth  in  value  of  manu- 
factured products,  but  is  not  among  the  50  principal 
cities  from  the  standpoint  of  population.  Of  the  50 
cities  in  the  United  States  which  have  over  100,000 
inhabitants,  14  are  not  included  among  the  50  cities 
having  the  largest  value  of  manufactures. 


In  the  case  of  some  of  the  cities  hsted  in  the  table, 
the  rank  with  respect  to  the  number  of  wage  earners 
and  the  value  added  by  manufacture  ia  very  different 
from  that  with  respect  to  the  gross  value  of  products, 
these  differences  being  dependent  upon  the  character 
of  the  predominating  industries.  It  is  noteworthy, 
however,  that  the  13  cities  which  rank  highest  in  gross 
value  of  products  are  also  the  13  which  occupy  the 
highest  rank  with  respect  to  wage  earners  and  value 
added  by  manufacture,  although  considered  individu- 
ally these  cities  do  not  in  all  cases  hold  the  same  rank 
in  each  of  the  three  respects.  Conspicuous  instances 
of  cities  having  higher  rank  in  gross  value  of  products 
than  in  number  of  wage  earners  or  value  added  by 
manufacture  are  Kansas  City,  Kans.,  South  Omaha, 
Youngstown,  Bayonne,  and  Perth  Amboy.  On  the  other 
hand,  cities  which  lead  in  the  manufacture  of  textiles, 
such  as  Lawrence,  Fall  River,  Lowell,  New  Bedford,  anci 
Paterson,  have  a  decidedly  higher  rank  with  respect  to 
number  of  wage  earners  than  with  respect  to  either 
value  of  products  or  value  added  by  manufacture. 

For  every  city  hsted  in  the  table  a  greater  gross 
value  of  products  and,  with  the  exception  of  Omaha, 
a  greater  value  added  by  manufacture  were  reported 
in  1909  than  in  1899.  Only  two  cities — San  Francisco 
and  New  Orleans — showed  a  loss  in  gross  value  in 
1909  as  compared  with  1904,  and  only  San  Francisco  a 
loss  in  value  added  by  manufacture.  Between  1899 
and  1904,  however,  decreases  in  gross  value  of  manu- 
factures occurred  in  four  cities.  In  number  of  wage 
earners,  Pittsburgh,  San  Francisco,  South  Omaha,  and 
Peoria  showed  a  dechne  in  1909  as  compared  with 
1899;  several  other  cities  showed  decreases  from  1899 
to  1904,  but  these  were  more  than  made  up  during  the 
second  half  of  the  decade.  It  may  be  noted  that  the 
statistics  for  the  Pittsburgh  industrial  district,  which 
is  more  comprehensive  than  the  city,  would  show  de- 
cided gains  and  that  the  decrease  in  the  manufacturing 
industries  in  San  Francisco  is  the  natural  result  of  the 
great  earthquake  and  fire. 

Of  the  cities  reporting  products  of  $200,000,000 
or  more,    Detroit   showed    the   greatest   percentage 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


449 


of  increase  in  all  of  the  items  under  consideration 
and  Cleveland  the  next  greatest,  with  the  exception  of 
the  number  of  wage  earners,  in  which  it  was  exceeded 
bj  Milwaukee.  Among  the  smaller  manufacturing 
cities  included  in  the  table,  those  showifig  conspicuous 


increases  are  Akron,  Perth  Amboy,  Los  Angeles,  and 
Seattle. 

In  the  case  of  most  of  the  cities  higher  rates  of  in- 
crease in  all  three  items  are  shown  for  the  period  1904 
to  1909  than  for  the  period  1899  to  1904. 


Table  7 


New  York,  N.Y.... 

Chicago,  111 

Philadelphia,  Pa.... 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Detroit,  Mich 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

MUwaukee,  Wis 

Newark,  N.  J 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Baltimore,  Md 

Minneapolis,  Minn.. 
Kansas  City,  Kans.. 

San  Francisco,  Cal . . 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.... 
Indianapolis,  Ind . . . 

Providence,  R.  I 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Louisville,  Ky 

South  Omaha,  Nebr. 
Youngstown,  Ohio.. 

Lawrence,  Miass 

New  Orleans,  La 

Worcester,  Mass 

Bayonne,  N.  J 

Atoron,  Ohio 

Perth  Amboy,  N.J. 
Lynn,  Mass 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Bridgeport,  Conn. . . 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Peoria,  III 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Lowell,  Mass 

Yonkers,  N.  Y 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Denver,  Colo 

Reading,  Pa 

New  Haven,  Conn. . 

Seattle,  Wash 

Waterbury,  Conn . . . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Camden,  N.  J 


Population, 


4,766,883 

2,185,283 

1,549,008 

687,029 

560,663 

465,766 
533,905 
670,585 
423,715 
373,857 

347,460 
363,591 
558,485 
301,408 
82,331 

416,912 
267,779 
233,650 
224,326 
218, 149 

223,928 
28,259 
79,066 
85.892 

339,075 

145,986 
55,545 
69,067 
32, 121 
89,336 

125,600 
319, 198 
102,054 
119,295 
66,950 

168, 497 
124.096 
116.577 
106.294 
79,803 

214, 744 
248.381 

96,652 
213.381 

96,071 

133,605 
237.194 

73,141 
137,249 

94,538 


Number 

of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


25,938 
9,656 
8,379 
2,667 
2,148 

2,036 
1,659 
3,155 
1,753 
1,764 

1,858 
2,184 
2,502 
1,102 
165 

1,796 

745 

855 

1,060 

1,203 

903 
71 

lis 

162 
848 

580 
97 

246 
80 

431 

702 
1,325 
367 
288 
283 

760 
432 
513 
320 
158 

719 
902 
207 
766 
482 

590 
751 
169 
738 
365 


WAGE 
EABNEBS. 


Average 
number. 


554.002 
293,977 
251.884 
87,371 
84,728 

81,011 
67, 474 
69,637 
51.412 
59,502 

59,955 
60,192 
71.444 
26,962 
12,294 

28,244 
25,454 
31,815 
46.381 
39,108 

27,023 
6.306 
10.498 
30.542 
17,186 

28,221 
7,519 

15,831 
5,866 

27,368 

32.004 
17.327 
25,775 
37,139 
5,981 

18.878 
8,023 
21,549 
32.575 
12,711 

19,339 
14,043 
26.566 
12,058 
24,145 

23,547 
11,331 
20.170 
18,148 
16,527 


VALUE  or 

PEODUCTS. 


.ATmount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


12,029,693 

1,281,171 

746,076 

328,495 

271,961 

252,992 
243,454 
237,457 
218,804 
208,324 

202,511 
194,516 
186,978 
166,406 
164,061 

133,041 
128, 775 
126,522 
120,241 
113,676 

101,284 
92,436 
81,271 
79,993 
78,794 

77,148 
73,641 
73,158 
73,093 
71,503 

69,584 
68,586 
65,609 
64,146 
63,061 

61,230 
60,854 
60,378 
60,271 
69,334 

58,990 
64,704 
53,238 
61,538 
51,135 

51,071 
60,569 
60,350 
49,435 
49,138 


VALUE  ADDED 

BY 
MANUTACTimE. 


Amount 
(expressed 
in  thou- 
sands). 


9937,538 
487,701 
316,984 
140.306 
117,046 

122,774 
94,927 

112,880 
82,266 
87,708 

87,832 
92,584 
79,964 
45,412 
19,691 

56,824 
39,458 
42,371 
55,471 
62,002 

47, 156 
14,763 
18,979 
34,555 
30,062 

34,547 
14,709 
30,087 
9,161 
30,142 

34,856 
29,673 
27,662 
28,622 
45,288 

27.146 
17, 4.39 
32,850 
27,440 
16, 132 

28,690 
23,742 
24,674 
20,611 
21,287 

26,752 
21,884 
21,624 
27,659 
21, 754 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 


Wage  earners 
(average 
number). 


19(W- 
1909 


19.2 
21.5 
10.0 
5.6 
32.3 

67.1 
-5.8 
17.7 
18.0 
37.2 

18.3 
2.7 
9.8 
24.4 
16.8 

-26.5 
25.1 
19.0 
16.5 
23.1 

8.2 
11.4 
29.7 
39.4 
-1.6 

23.8 
6.5 
64.5 
48.5 
27.1 

12.3 
66.2 
32.2 
38.4 
2.5 

20.3 
37.8 
26.1 
11.2 
30.0 

.34.6 
32.6 
48.8 
24.7 
33.7 

9.8 
77.3 
30.9 
24.7 
30.5 


1899- 
1904 


19.6 
9.4 
6.6 
27.6 
15.7 

26.3 
-0.2 
11.9 
27.1 
(.2 

18.2 

6.6 

-2.3 

10.5 

n.o 

18.0 
17.0 
27.4 
3.7 
13.3 

8.3 

-10.6 

-6.7 

4.8 

7.9 

0.9 
5L1 
16.6 
97.0 
31.5 

-0.1 

101.5 

14.4 

-12.4 

-2.7 

23.1 
10.3 
18.6 
0.2 
29.4 

10.3 
13.8 
17.0 
13.8 
6.9 

21.8 
43.9 
16.5 
23.2 
63.5 


Value  of 
products. 


1904- 
1909 


33.0 
34.1 
26.2 
22.9 
58.2 

97.3 
15.2 
28.8 
48.5 
61.0 

35.0 
17.1 
24.5 
36.5 
70.1 

-3.4 
70.0 
53.9 
30.7 
38.9 

21.7 
37.1 
73.5 
66.5 
-3.2 

47.9 
21.5 
118.0 
110.0 
30.0 

27.3 
97.0 
47.2 
47.6 
4.4 

37.6 
12.7 
62.5 
28.6 
76.9 

53.9 
53.8 
80.7 
40.6 

67.7 

28.8 
99.0 
55.6 
42.5 
46.3 


1899- 
1904 


30.2 
19.7 
13.7 
38.0 
23.4 

45.1 
-3.2 
13.3 
39.5 
24.5 

33.1 
17.2 
11.1 
28.3 
20.6 

28.7 
3.9 
38.6 
16.9 
35.9 

25.9 
-3.0 
38.2 
15.1 
41.7 

n.4 

57.1 
52.4 
147.5 
39.8 

12.7 
130.0 
32.9 
11.2 
35.6 

39.2 
41.8 
27.7 
13.8 
93.9 

27.5 
50.8 
26.0 
-3.3 

-6.7 

13.7 
65.8 
6.7 
30.7 
86.9 


Value  added  by 
manufacture. 


1904- 
1909 


32.3 
33.6 
22.8 
8.3 
57.4 

99.1 
9.5 
25.8 
39.4 
31.1 

26.6 
11.8 
14.9 
40.7 
56.4 

-8.1 
46.5 
39.1 
32.0 
43.6 

25.7 
79.6 
62.6 
85.6 
33.1 

37.5 

7.8 

128.8 

104.3 

34.6 

28.0 
84.0 
24.3 
64.7 
1.6 

42.6 
57.0 
65.7 
37.4 
67.9 

52.4 
47.9 
84.4 
31.6 
54.5 

26.5 
98.1 
48.1 
48.7 
65.3 


1899- 
1904 


31.5 
23.5 
14.8 
4L0 
18.2 

49.1 
-3.4 
11.5 
48.7 
30.8 

33.5 
17.8 
16.2 
26.6 
12.9 

49.1 
18.9 
44.8 
16.3 
37.4 

20.1 
-3.2 
8.3 
10.2 
32.4 

7.8 
184.0 
41.4 
65.2 
50.  S 

16.1 

128.9 

36.9 

-17.4 

41.2 

51.3 
-38.8 
26.4 
-4.6 
31.7 

33.1 
45.1 
15.2 
16.6 
-12.1 

12.7 
71.0 
20.4 
32.9 
74.9 


'Per  cent  of  Increase  is  based  on  figures  in  Table  113.    A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 


Distribntion  according  to  size  of  commnnities. — 
It  is  a  matter  of  interest  to  know  the  extent  to  which 
the  manufacturing  enterprises  of  the  country  are  located 
in  the  larger  cities  as  compared  with  the  smaller 
cities  and  rural  districts.  Some  indication  of  tliis  is 
given  in  Table  8,  on  page  451,  which  distributes  the 
total  number  of  establishments,  average  number  of 
wage  earners,  value  of  products,  and  value  added  by 
manufacture  reported  in  1909  and  1899  by  classes  of 
places,  the  classes  distinguished  being  cities  of  100,000 
inhabitants  or  over,  cities  of  25,000  to  100,000  inhabit- 
ants, cities  of  10,000  to  25,000  inhabitants,  and  the 
remainder  of  the  country,  the  latter  including  the 
72497°— 13 29  + 


smaller  cities,  towns,  and  other  incorporated  places 
and  the  rural  districts.  The  aggregate  population  of 
each  group  in  1910  and  1900  is  also  given.  Statistics 
for  1904  are  not  given  because  there  was  no  Federal 
census  of  population  for  that  year,  and  it  is  impos- 
sible to  determine  with  accuracy  what  cities  belonged 
to  each  group. 

In  considering  tliis  table  it  should  be  noted  that  each 
place  is  classed  at  each  census  according  to  its  popula- 
tion at  that  census,  so  that  the  same  community  may 
be  in  one  class  in  1900  and  in  another  class  in  1910;  and 
consequently  the  change  in  the  totals  for  any  given 
class  of  communities  from  1899  to  1909  should  not  be 


450 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  FOB  PRINCIPAL  CITIES:  1909. 


CI  no 

NEW  YORK 

CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA 

ST.  LOUIS 

CLEVELAND 

DETROIT 

PITTSBURG 

BOSTON 

BUFFALO 

MILWAUKEE 

NEWARK 

CINCINNATI 

BALTIMORE 

MINNEAPOLIS 

KANSAS  CITY,  KANS. 

SAN   FRANCISCO 

JERSEY  CITY 
INDIANAPOLIS 

PROVIDENCE 

ROCHESTER 

LOUISVILLE 

SOUTH  OMAHA 

YOUNGSTOWN 

LAWRENCE 

NEW  ORLEANS 

WORCESTER 

BAYONNE 

AKRON 

PERTH  AMBOY 

UYNH 

PATERSON 

LOS  ANGELES 

BRIDGEPORT 

FALL  RIVER 

PEORIA. 

TOLEDO 

OMAHA 

DAYTON 

LOWELL 

YONKERS 

ST.  PAUL 

KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

NEW  BEDFORD 

DENVER 

READING 

NEW  HAVEN 

SEATTLE 

WATERBURY 


HUNDREDS  OF  MILLIONS 
160  1000  I3B0 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


451 


taken  as  measuring  the  increase  in  manufacturing 
business  in  the  same  communities.  The  significant 
figures  are  the  percentages  of  the  totals  reported  by 
each  class  of  places  at  the  two  censuses.  It  should  be 
noted  further  that  the  statistics  of  manufactures 
shown  for  any  given  community  are  those  reported 
from  estabhshments  lying  strictly  within  the  municipal 


boundaries.  Since  in  many  cases  large  manufacturing 
estabhshments  are  located  just  outside  of  city  bound- 
aries, the  proportion  of  the  manufacturing  business 
of  the  country  as  a  whole  which,  in  a  sense,  can  be 
properly  credited  to  places  of  10,000  or  more  inliabitants 
is  somewhat  greater  than  can  be  shown  by  the  statistics 
in  this  table. 


Table  8 

Year. 

Aggregate. 

CITIES  AND  TOWNS  HA  VINO  A  POPULATION  OP  10,000  AND  OVER. 

DISTKICTS       OUTSIDE 
OP       CITIES       AND 

Total. 

10,000  to  25,000. 

25,000  to  100,000. 

100,000  and  over. 

TOWNS         HAVING 
A    POPULATION  OF 
10,000    AND   OVEB. 

Number  or 
amount. 

Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Number  or 
amount. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Number  or 
amount. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Number  or 
amount. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

• 

Number  or 
amount. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

1910 
1900 

1910 
1900 

1909 
1899 

1909 
1899 

1909 
1899 

1909 
1899 

593 

365 
277 

5,495,594 
4,297,118 

18,936 
15,463 

678,467 
524,900 

11,946,703,215 
1,052,639,594 

801,766,297 
458,679,363 

6.0 
5.7 

7.1 
7.5 

10.3 
11.1 

9.4 
9.2 

9.4 
9.5 

178 
122 

8,204,960 
5,547,205 

27,061 
20,147 

1,126,253 
767,293 

$3,582,403,574 
1,843,124,785 

1,431,652,146 
773,117,708 

8.9 
7.3 

10.1 
9.7 

17.0 
16.3 

17.3 
16.1 

16.8 
16.0 

50 
37 

20,302,138 
14,208,347 

89,775 
67,308 

2,511,922 
1,752,246 

$8,735,772,018 
4,968,799,788 

3,760,586,842 
2,146,680,856 



436   

Population 

91,972,266 
75,994,575 

268,491 
207,514 

6,615,046 
4,712,763 

120,672,051,870 
11,406,926,701 

8,529,260,992 
4,831,075,210 

34,002,692 
24,052,670 

135,772 
102,918 

4,316.642 
3,044,439 

114,264,878,807 
7,864,564,177 

6,003,005,285 
3,377,477,927 

37.0 
31.7 

50.6 
49.6 

65.3 
64.6 

69.0 
68.9 

70.4 
69.9 

22.1 
18.7 

33.4 
32.4  1 

38.0 
37.2 

42.3 
43.6 

44.2 
44.4 

57,969,574 
51,941,905 

132,719 
104,596 

2,298,404 
1,668,324 

$6,407,173,063 
3,542,362,524 

2,526,255,707 
1,453,597,283 

63.0 

Number  of  establishments 

Average  number  of  wage  earn- 
ers. 

Value  of  products 

68.8 

49.4 
50.4 

34.7 
35.4 

31.0 

Value  added  by  manufacture. . 

31.1 

29.6 
30.1 

In  1909  places  of  more  than  10,000  inhabitants, 
although  they  included  only  37  per  cent  of  the  total 
population  of  the  country,  contained  a  little  over  one- 
half  of  the  total  number  of  manufacturing  establish- 
ments in  the  country.  These  establishments  employed 
nearly  two-thirds  of  the  wage  earners  employed  in 
manufactures  (65.3  per  cent),  and  reported  more  than 
two-thirds  of  the  total  value  of  products  and  of  the 
value  added  by  manufacture,  the  actual  percentages 
being  69  and  70.4,  respectively. 

It  is  noteworthy,  however,  that,  whereas  commu- 
nities of  this  size  contained  a  materially  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  population  of  the  country  in  1910  than 
they  did  in  1900 — 37  per  cent  as  against  31.7  per 
cent — there  was  only  a  very  slight  increase  in  their  pro- 
portion of  the  total  number  of  manufacturing  estabhsh- 
ments and  of  wage  earners,  and  of  the  total  value  added 
by  manufacture,  and  practically  no  change  in  their 
proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products.  In  other 
words,    while    these    communities,    considered    as    a 


group,  have  perhaps  a  little  more  than  held  their 
own  in  relative  importance  in  manufacturing  industry, 
they  have  not  gained  in  this  respect  commensurately 
with  their  gain  in  population.  The  foregoing  state- 
ment regarding  this  group  as  a  whole  holds  true  like- 
wise for  the  class  of  cities  having  from  25,000  to  100,000 
inhabitants  and  for  the  class  having  100,000  or  more 
inhabitants,  except  that  for  the  latter  group  there 
was  a  slight  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  the  value 
of  products  and  value  added  by  manufacture.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  class  of  communities  having  from 
10,000  to  25,000  inhabitants  reported  a  slight  in- 
crease in  its  proportion  of  the  total  population  in 
1910  as  compared  with  1900,  and  a  slightly  larger 
proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products  in  1909 
than  in  1899,  although  in  respect  to  number  of  estab- 
hshments, average  number  of  wage  earners,  and  value 
added  by  manufacture,  the  proportion  for  such  com- 
munities was  slightly  lower  in  the  later  year  than  in 
the  earlier'. 


PERSONS    ENGAGED    IN   MANUFACTURING   INDUSTRIES. 


Definitions  and  explanations. — Attention  is  called  to 
certain  differences  between  the  census  of  1909  and 
previous  censuses  in  respect  to  the  manner  of  collect- 
ing and  presenting  statistics  of  persons  engaged  in 
manufacturing  industries. 

At  the  censuses  of  1899,  1904,  and  1909  the  follow- 
ing general  classes  of  persons  engaged  in  manufac- 
tiu-ing  industries  were  distinguished:  (1)  Proprietors 
and  firm  members,  (2)  salaried  officers  of  corporations, 
(3)  superintendents  and  managers,  (4)  clerks,  and  (5) 


wage  earners.  In  the  reports  for  the  censuses  of  1904' 
and  1899  these  five  classes  were  shown  according  to 
the  three  main  groups:  (1)  Proprietors  and  firm  mem- 
bers, (2)  salaried  officials,  clerks,  etc.,  and  (3)  wage 
earners.  The  second  group  included  the  three  classes 
of  salaried  officers  of  corporations,  superintendents  and 
managers,  and  clerks.  In  certain  tables  relating  ex- 
clusively to  the  present  census  a  somewhat  different 
grouping  is  employed — ^that  into  (1)  proprietors  and 
officials,  (2)  clerks,  and  (3)  wage  earners.     The  first 


452 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


group  includes  proprietors  and  firm  members,  salaried 
officers  of  corporations,  and  superintendents  and 
managers.  In  comparative  tables  covering  the  cen- 
suses of  1899  and  1904  it  is  of  course  necessary 
to  group  the  figures  for  1909  according  to  the 
same  classification  that  was  employed  in  the  eariier 
censuses. 

At  this  census  the  nimiber  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
industries,  segregated  by  sex,  and,  in  the  case  of  wage 
earners,  also  by  age  (whether  under  16  or  16  and  over), 
was  reported  for  December  15,  or  the  nearest  repre- 
sentative day.  The  15th  of  December  was  selected  as 
representing  for  most  industries  normal  conditions  of 
employment,  but  where  conditions  were  exceptional, 
and  particularly  in  the  case  of  certain  seasonal  indus- 
tries, such  as  canning,  the  December  date  could  not  be 
accepted  as  typical  and  an  earlier  date  had  to  be 
chosen. 

In  the  case  of  employees  other  than  wage  earners  the 
number  thus  reported  on  December  1§  or  other  repre- 
sentative day  has  been  treated  as  equivalent  to  the 
average  for  the  year,  since  the  number  of  employees  of 
this  class  does  not  vary  much  from  month  to  month 
in  a  given  industry.  In  the  case  of  wage  earners  the 
average  is  obtained  in  the  manner  explained  in  the 
next  paragraph. 

In  addition  to  the  more  detailed  report  by  sex  and 
age  of  the  number  of  wage  earners  on  December  15  or 
other  representative  day,  a  report  was  obtained  of  the 
number  employed  on  the  15th  of  each  month,  without 
distinction  of  sex  or  age.  From  these  figures  the 
average  number  of  wage  earners  for  the  year  has  been 
calculated  by  dividing  the  sum  of  the  numbers 
reported  each  month  by  12.  The  average  thus  ob- 
tained represents  the  number  of  wage  earners  that 
would  be  required  to  perform  the  work  done  if  all  were 
constantly  employed  during  the  entire  year.  Accord- 
ingly, the  importance  of  any  industry  as  an  employer 
of  labor  is  beheved  to  be  more  accurately  measured  by 
this  average  than  by  the  number  employed  at  any  one 
time  or  on  a  given  day. 

The  number  of  wage  earners  reported  for  the  repre- 
sentative day,  though  given  in  certain  tables  for  each 
separate  industry,  is  not  totaled  for  all  industries  com- 
bined, because  in  view  of  the  variations  of  date  such  a 
total  is  beheved  not  to  be  significant.  It  would 
involve  more  or  less  duplication  of  persons  working  in 
different  industries  at  different  times,  would  not  rep- 
resent the  total  number  employed  in  all  industries  at 
any  one  time,  and  would  give  an  undue  weight  to 
seasonal  industries  as  compared  with  industries  in 
continual  operation. 

In  particular,  totals  by  sex  and  age  for  the  wage 
earners  reported  for  the  representative  day  for  all 
industries  combmed  would  be  misleading  because  of 
the  undue  weight  given  to  seasonal  industries,  in  some 
of  which,  such  as  canning  and  preserving,  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  wage  earners  by  sex  and  age  is  materially 


different  from  that  in  most  industries  of  more  regular 
operation.  In  order  to  determine  as  nearly  as  possible 
the  sex  and  age  distribution  of  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  for  a  given  state  as  a  whole,  the  per  cent 
distribution  by  sex  and  age  of  the  wage  earners  in  each 
industry  for  December  15  or  the  nearest  representa- 
tive day  has  been  calculated  from  the  actual  numbers 
reported  for  that  date.  The  percentages  thus  ob- 
tained have  been  applied  to  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  for  the  year  in  that  industry,  to  determine 
the  average  number  of  men,  women,  and  children 
employed.  These  calculated  averages  for  the  several 
industries  have  been  added  up  to  give  the  average 
distribution  for  each  state  as  a  whole  and  for  the 
entire  country. 

In  1899  and  1904  the  schedule  called  for  the  aver- 
age number  of  wage  earners  of  each  sex  16  years 
and  over,  and  the  average  number  under  16  years  of 
age  without  distinction  of  sex,  for  each  month,  and 
these  monthly  statements  were  combined  in  an  annual 
average.  Comparatively  few  manufacturing  concerns, 
however,  keep  their  books  in  such  way  as  to  show 
readily  the  number  of  men,  women,  and  children  em- 
ployed on  the  average  each  month.  These  montlily 
returns  by  sex  and  age  were,  in  fact,  largely  estimates. 
It  was  believed  that  a  more  accurate  and  rehable  sex 
and  age  distribution  could  be  secured  by  taking  as  a 
basis  of  estimate  the  actual  numbers  employed  on 'a 
single  day. 

Summary  for  United  States:  1909. — The  following 
table  shows,  for  1909,  the  distribution  of  the  persons 
engaged  in  manufacturing,  each  class  being  distributed 
by  sex,  and  the  average  number  of  wage  earners  by 
age  also: 


Table  9 

CLASS. 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN 
MANUFACTURES. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

All  classes 

7,678,578 

6,162,263 

1,516,315 

Proprietors  and  officials r 

487, 173 

472,914 

14,259 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 

273,265 
80,735 
133,173 

676,359 

6,615,046 

263,673 
78,937 
130,304 

437,056 

5,252,293 

9,592 
1  798 

Salaried  officers  of  corporations .... 

Superintendents  and  managers ... 

2,869 
139,303 

Clerks 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

1,362,753 

16  years  of  age  and  over 

6,463,553 
161,493 

5,163,164 
89,129 

1,290,389 
72  364 

Under  16  years  of  age 

The  average  number  of  persons  engaged  in  manufac- 
turing industries  during  1909  was  7,678,578.  Of  these, 
6,615,046,  or  86.1  per  cent,  were  wage  earners;  487,173, 
or  6.3  per  cent,  proprietors  and  officials;  and  576,359, 
or  7.5  per  cent,  clerks.  Of  the  wage  earners,  5,163,164 
were  males  16  years  of  age  and  over;  1,290,389  females 
16  years  of  age  and  over;  and  161,493  children  under 
the  age  of  16. 

Statistics  of  employees  for  the  last  three  censuses  are 
given  for  individual  industries  in  Table  110,  and  for 
each  state  and  geographic  division  in  Table  111. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


453 


Occnpational  status  by  leading  industries:  1909. — 
The  following  table  shows  for  the  43  leadmg  industries 
the  number  of  proprietors,  officers  of  corporations, 
superintendents  and  managers,  clerks,  and  wage  earners. 


respectively,  and  the  percentage  which  the  persons  in- 
cluded in  each  of  the  principal  groups  represent  of  the 
total  number  employed.  The  figures  for  wage  earners 
represent  the  average  number  for  the  year. 


Table  lO 


AU  Indottrlei 

Agricultural  implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  ana  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  steam- 
railroad  companies 

Cars,  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad  com- 
panies.  

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothinp,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-Iron  products 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  preparations 
Petroleum,  refining 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  cop 
Smelting  and  refining,  1( 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar. . . 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted;  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats. 
All  other  industnes 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MANTJFACTUEES, 


Total 
number. 


7,678,578 

60,229 
85,359 

215,923 
45,441 

144,322 

31,506 
71,972 
82,944 

301,273 

47,094 

27,791 
271,437 
179,021 
(4,854 
86,934 

387,771 
106,600 
06,054 
615,485 
144,140 

51,007 
136,130 

43.061 
260,762 

43,525 

67,100 
8,328 
66,725 
784,989 
77,276 

21,273 
21,896 
81,473 
41,101 
16,640 

388,466 

105,238 

108,716 

16,832 

8,059 

15,658 

197,637 

175,176 

1,916,361 


Proprietors  and  officials. 


Total. 


487.178 

2,489 
2,564 
5,752 
2,160 
29,136 

10,480 
6,920 

8,844 

6,974 

1,041 

1,066 
12,041 
9,281 
3,362 
7,260 

4,461 
4,121 
18,763 
31,606 
7,281 

2,966 
3,306 
1,119  I 
4,286  ! 
4,209  i 

2,331  I 
1,111  I 
4,362  ! 
68,166 
8,453  ; 

2,167 
2,016 
2,298 
6,647 
671 

49,333 

2,236 

3,514 

275 

132 


21,012 

3,192 

117,932 


Proprie- 
tors and 

firm 
members 


S7S,S66 

465 

405 

1,838 

828 

26,962 

8,019 
4,244 
6,213 


154 
8,502 
6,482 
1,832 
4,423 

377 

439 

14,570 

9,851 

2,667 

277 

1,134 

48 

47 

2,552 

784 

563 

639 

48,825 

6,028 

110 

456 

250 

2,802 

42 

30,424 

664 

1,659 

7 


204 
17,634 

732 
59,096 


Salaried 
officials 
of  corpo- 
rations. 


80,735 

£69 
758 
1,027 
584 
801 

i,dte 

968 
1,166 

1,877 

241 

367 

1,089 

842 

766 

1,288 

1,726 
997 
1,486 
9,348 
2,170 

990 
799 
262 
779 
760 

629 

217 

1,819 

6,616 

867 

576 
793 
773 
1.427 
211 

7,266 
480 
731 
53 
44 

140 

809 

782 

23,811 


Sujyerin- 
tendents 

and 
managers. 


183,173 

1,455 
1.401 
2,887 
748 
1,353 

1,429 
1,708 
1,465 

5,095 

793 

565 
2,460 
1,957 

764 
1,558 

2,358 
2,685 
2.707 
12,406 
2,454 

1.719 
1,375 

809 
3,460 

897 

918 
331 

1,904 
12,724 

1,560 

1,481 

767 

1,275 

1,418 

418 

11,643 

1,092 

1,124 

215 


445 

2,569 

1,678 

35,025 


Clerks. 


576,359 

7.189 
7,074 

11,874 
2,663 

14,970 

2,595 
5,064 
4,172 

12,125 

2,967 

2,991 
19,700 
15,997 
6,854 
6,050 

4,430 
14,223 

7.838 
52.869 

8,407 

10,806 
3,547 
3,513 

16,400 
4,409 

2,567 

787 

7,784 

21,805 

3,219 

2,035 
5,640 
3,197 
12,559 
2,040 

80,700 
3,965 

15,474 
929 
603 

1,343 

9,815 

3,262 

149,988 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number). 


6,615,046 

50.551 
75.721 

198,297 
40,618 

100,216 

18,431 
59,968 


282,174 

43,086 

23,714 
239,696 
153,743 
44,638 
73,615 

378,880 

87,256 

39,453 

531,011 

128,452 

37,216 
129,275 

38,429 
240,076 

34,907 

62,202 
6,430 
54,579 
695,019 
65,603 

17,071 
14,240 
75,978 
22,895 
13,929 

268,484 

99,037 

89,728 

15,628 

7,424 

13,626 

166,810 

168,722 

1,648,441 


Per  cent  of  total. 


Proprie- 
tors and 
officials. 


6.3 

4.1 
3.0 
2.7 
4.8 
20.2 

33.3 
9.6 
10.7 

2.3 

2.2 

3.9 
4.4 
5.2 
6.1 
8.4 

1.2 
3.9 
28.4 
6.1 
5.1 

6.9 
2.4 

2.6 
1.6 
9.7 

3.5 
13.3 
6.5 
8.7 
10.9 

10.2 
9.2 
2.8 

13.7 
4.0 

12.7 
2.1 
3.2 
1.6 
1.6 

6.0 

10.6 

1.8 

6.2 


Clerks. 


7.6 

11.9 
8.3 
5.5 
6.9 

10.4 

8.2 
7.1 
5.0 

4.0 

6.3 

10.8 
7.3 
8.9 

12.5 
7.0 

1.1 
13.6 
11.9 

8.6 
5.8 

21.2 
2.6 
8.2 
6.3 

10.1 

3.8 
9.4 
11.7 
2.8 
4.2 

9.6 
25.8 

3.9 
30.6 
12.3 

20.8 
3.8 

14.2 
6.5 
6.2 

8.6 
6.0 
1.9 

7.8 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
num- 
ber). 


86.1 

83. » 
88.7 
91.8 
89.4 
69.4 

58.5 
83.3 
84.3 


91.5 

85.3 
88.3 
86.9 
81.4 
84.7 

97.7 
82.6 
69.7 
86.3 
89.1 

73.0 
95.0 
89.2 
92.1 
80.2 

92.7 
77.2 

81.S 
88.5 
84. » 

80.* 
65. 0> 
93.  a 
65.7 
83.7 

66.5 
94.1 
82.5. 
92. » 
92.1 

86.4 
84.4 
96.3 
86.0 


The  highest  proportion  of  proprietors  and  officials 
shown  for  any  individual  industry  covered  by  the 
table,  33.3  per  cent,  is  for  the  butter,  cheese,  and  con- 
densed-milk industry.  Many  of  the  establishments 
in  this  industry  are  carried  on  by  cooperative  asso- 
ciations, and  the  practice  in  1909,  as  at  prior  censuses, 
was  not  to  include  the  members  of  such  associations 
as  proprietors  in  the  totals,  but  to  omit  them  al- 
together. From  the  information  contained  in  the 
reports,  it  is  impossible,  in  some  instances,  to  distin- 
guish such  associations  from  partnerships,  and  the 
large  number  of  proprietors  and  officials  shown  for 
this  industry  indicates  the  probabihty  that  the  mem- 
bers of  some  associations  were  inadvertently  included 
as  partners.     The  high  percentage  of  proprietors  and 


officials  in  the  flour-mill  and  gristmill  and  the  bakery 
industries  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  majority 
of  the  estabhshments  are  small  and  the  work  is  to  a 
large  extent  done  by  the  proprietors  or  their  imme- 
diate representatives,  while  in  the  large  flour  mills 
automatic  machinery  has  reduced  the  amount  of 
labor  to  a  minimum. 

A  factor  wliich  has  much  to  do  with  the  proportion 
of  clerks  among  the  total  number  of  employees  in  an 
industry  is  the  method  of  marketing  the  product. 
Thus  there  are  high  percentages  of  clerks  in  the 
manufacture  of  patent  medicines  and  compounds 
and  druggists'  preparations,  and  in  the  paint  and 
varnish,  illuminating-gas,  and  printing  and  publish- 
ing industries.     In  these  industries  the  average  num- 


454 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


ber  of  customers  or  patrons  for  each  establishment 
is  lai^e  and  tliis  necessitates  a  large  force  of  em- 
ployees for  soliciting  trade,  correspondence,  account- 
ing, and  collection. 

In  general,  though  not  in  all  cases,  the  larger  the 
average  size  of  establishments  in  an  industry,  the 
smaller  is  the  proportion  of  proprietors,  officials,  and 
clerks,  and  the  larger  the  proportion  of  wage  earners. 
Thus  the  four  textile  industries — the  cotton,  woolen, 
hosiery  and  knit-goods,  and  silk-manufacturing  in- 
dustries— which  are  mainly  conducted  in  large  fac- 
tories, show  the  largest  proportions  of  wage  earners. 
An  unusually  large  proportion  of  wage  earners  is 
shown  also  for  the  paper  and  pulp  nulls,  the  steel 
works  and  rolling  mills,  the  construction  of  steam- 
railroad  cars,  the  smelting  and  refining  of  copper  and 
lead,  the  tanning  and  finishing  of  leather,  JDoots  and 
shoes,  and  the  repair  shops  of  steam  railroads. 

Comparison  with  previous  censuses  as  to  occupational 
status. — In  order  to  compare  the  distribution  of  per- 
sons engaged  in  manufacturing  industries  according 
to  occupational  status  in  1909  with  that  shown  at  the 
census  of  1904,  it  is  necessary  to  use  the  classification 
employed  at  the  earher  census.  (See  p.  451.)  Such 
a  comparison  is  made  in  the  following  table.  Com- 
parable figures  for  1899  are  not  available. 


Table  1 1 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MANUFACTURES. 

1909 

1904 

Per 

Number. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per 

cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

cent 
of  in- 
crease, 
1904- 
1909. 

Total 

7,678,678 

273,265 

790,267 

6,615,046 

100.0 

3.6 
10.3 
86.1 

6,213,612 

225,673 

519,556 

5,468,383 

100.0 

3.6 
8.4 
88.0 

S3  6 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 

Salaried  employees 

21.1 
52  1 

Wage  earners  (average  number) 

21.0 

A  greater  percentage  of  increase  is  shown  for  salaried 
employees  than  for  the  other  two  classes.  This  is 
due  in  part  to  the  changes  from  individual  and  firm 
ownership  to  corporate  organization,  a  change  which 
frequently  involves  the  transfer  of  proprietors  and  firm 
members  to  the  class  of  officials.  At  the  same  time 
there  is  no  doubt  that  the  number  of  clerks  here 
classified  with  the  other  salaried  employees  has  in- 
creased relatively  faster  than  the  number  of  wage 
earners.  This  may  indicate  an  increase  of  the  practice 
on  the  part  of  the  manufacturers  of  direct  sale  of 


goods  without  the  interposition  of  so  many  middlemen 
as  formerly  handled  the  product. 

Sex  and  age  distribution,  by  leading  industries:  1909. — 
Table  12,  on  the  opposite  page,  shows,  for  the  43  lead- 
ing industries,  the  number  and  per  cent  distribution,  by 
age  and  sex,  of  wage  earners  as  reported  for  December 
15,  or  the  nearest  representative  day.  As  a  means  of 
judging  the  true  importance  of  the  several  industries 
as  employers  of  labor,  the  average  number  employed 
for  the  entire  year  is  also  given  in  each  case,  this  num- 
ber, in  the  case  of  seasonal  industries,  being  much 
smaller  than  the  number  on  the  representative  day. 
The  per  cent  distribution  for  all  industries  combined, 
based  on  the  average  number  employed  as  shown  in 
Table  9,  is  also  presented. 

In  all  industries  combined  78  per  cent  of  the  average 
number  of  wage  earners  were  males  16  years  of  age  or 
over,  19.5  per  cent  females  16  years  of  age  or  over, 
and  2.5  per  cent  children  under  the  age  of  16. 

The  industries  for  which  the  largest  proportions  of 
males  16  years  of  age  or  over  are  shown  are  those  in 
which  the  work  is  of  a  nature  requiring  much  physical 
strength  or  a  high  degree  of  skill.  Thus  in  the  smelting 
and  refining  of  both  copper  and  lead  males  16  years 
of  age  or  over  constitute  99.9  per  cent  of  the  total 
number  of  wage  earners,  and  in  the  blast  furnaces 
they  constitute  99.8  per  cent.  Other  industries  in 
which  males  of  16  years  or  over  represent  more  than 
99  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  are  the  gas  industry, 
construction  of  steam-railroad  cars,  steel  works  and 
rolling  mills,  marble  and  stone  work,  the  repair  shops 
of  steam  railroads,  and  the  manufacture  of  cotton- 
seed oil. 

The  proportion  of  women  and  children,  naturally, 
is  larger  in  those  industries  in  which  the  processes 
require  dexterity  rather  than  strength.  In  six  of  the 
industries  covered  by  Table  12 — the  making  of  men's 
and  women's  clothing,  the  confectionery  industry,  and 
the  manufacture  of  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  of  patent 
medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  preparations, 
and  of  silk  and  silk  goods — more  than  half  of  the  wage 
earners  are  females  16  years  of  age  or  over. 

The  proportion  of  wage  earners  under  16  years  is 
larger  in  three  of  the  textile  industries — the  cotton 
goods,  silk  and  silk  goods,  and  hosiery  and  knit-goods 
industries — than  in  any  other  of  the  principal  industries 
of  the  country.  The  proportion  is  also  relatively 
high  in  the  canning  and  preserving,  confectionery, 
and  woolen-goods  industries. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


455 


Table  12 


All  mdnstrles 

Agricultural  implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  other  balcery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  steam-railroad  companies 
Cars,  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad  companies. ; . . 

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products '. 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Foimdry  and  machine-shop  products 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  Icnit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  cumed,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  prepantions 

Petroleum,  refining .' 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 


WAGE  EAENEES. 


Average 
number. 


6,616,0ie 

50,551 
75,721 

198,297 
40,618 

100,216 

18,431 
59,968 
69,928 
282, 174 
43,086 

23,714 
239,096 
153,743 
44,638 
73,616 

378,880 
87,256 
39,453 
531,011 
128,452 

37,215 
129,275 

38,429 
240,076 

34,907 

62,202 

6,430 

54,579 

695,019 

66,603 

17,071 
14,240 
75,978 
22,805 
13,929 

258,434 
99,037 
89,728 
15,628 

7,424 
13,526 
166,810 
168,722 


Number  Dec.  15,  or  nearest  representative  day. 


Total. 


(0 

55,429 
97,250 

211,507 
46,230 

104,443 

19,323 
155,847 

72,783 
302,080 

58,274 

25,341 
257,128 
162,859 
52,421 
78,909 

387,698 
102,950 
42,496 
604,167 
138,829 

37,396 
136,713 

47,278 
284,264 

36,502 

66,717 
8,130 
54,135 
838,160 
67,921 

29,601 
14,426 
78,672 
24,683 
14,873 

272,027 
102,369 
94,854 
16,029 

8,002 
25,134 
181,036 
175, 171 


16  years  of  age  and  over. 


Male. 


(0 

54,529 
96,060 
132,411 
42,908 
84,956 

17,743 
67,219 
71, 104 
301,431 
58,046 

24,102 
109, 139 
58,316 
18,836 
66,797 

197,420 

78,605 

41,787 

587,636 

132, 176 

37,308 
37,419 
47,184 
281,801 
29,868 

64,005 

7,008 

52,865 

826,978 

67,575 

29,551 
13,207 
68,497 
11,503 
14,657 

204,388 
35,785 
88,352 
16,013 

8,001 
24,626 
90,417 
92,820 


Female. 


0) 

674 
982 

70,457 
2,774 

17,407 

1,468 
77,593 

1,126 
455 
190 

1,061 
142, 781 
103,063 
30,453 

9,716 

150,057 

23,398 

565 

11,895 

3,677 

71 
88,183 

10 
1,114 
5,738 

2,230 
1,111 
1,040 
4,027 
112 

49 

1,137 

9,909 

12,672 

170 

60,973 
58,441 
5,960 


1 

376 

84,193 

72,409 


Under 
16  years 
of  age. 


0) 


8,639 

548 

2,080 

112 
11,035 
553 
194 
38 

178 
5,208 
1,480 
3,132 
2,396 

40,221 

947 

143 

4,636 

2,976 

17 

11,111 

84 

1,349 

896 

482 

11 

230 

7,156 

234 

91 

82 
266 
508 

46 

6,666 

8,143 

542 

16 


132 
6,426 
9,942 


Per  cent  of  total. 


16  years  of  age  and 

over. 

Male. 

Female. 

78.0 

19.8 

98.4 

1.2 

98.8 

1.0 

62.6 

33.3 

92.8 

6.0 

81.3 

16.7 

91.8 

7.6 

43.1 

49.8 

97.7 

1.5 

99.8 

0.2 

99.6 

0.3 

95.1 

4.2 

42.4 

55.5 

35.8 

63.3 

35.9 

58.1 

84.6 

12.3 

50.9 

38.7 

76.4 

22.7 

98.3 

1.3 

97.3 

2.0 

95.2 

2.6 

99.8 

0.2 

27.4 

64.5 

99.8 

(') 

99.1 

0.4 

81.8 

15.7 

95.9 

3.3 

86.2 

13.7 

97.7 

1.9 

98.7 

0.5 

99.5 

0.2 

99.5 

0.2 

91.5 

7.9 

87.1 

12.6 

46.6 

51.3 

98.6 

1.1 

75.1 

22.4 

35.0 

57.1 

93.1 

6.3 

99.9 

99.9 

(') 

98.0 

1.5 

49.9 

46.5 

53.0 

41.3 

Under 
16  years 
of  age. 


S.S 

0.4 
0.2 
4.1 
1.2 
2.0 

0.1 
7.6 
0.8 
0.1 
0.1 

0.7 
2.0 
0.9 
6.0 
3.0 

10.4 
0.9 
0.3 
0.8 
2.1 


(») 


8.1 
0.2 
0.6 
2.5 

0.7 
0.1 
0.4 
0.0 
0.3 

0.3 
0.0 
0.3 
2.1 
0.3 

2.4 
8.0 
0.6 
0.1 


0.6 
3.0 
6.7 


1  No  totals  given  for  reasons  explained  oa  page  462. 

In  addition  to  the  industries  shown  in  the  above 
table,  which  were  selected  according  to  their  importance 
with  respect  to  gross  value  of  products,  certain  others 
are  of  interest  because  of  the  relatively  large  number 
of  women  and  children  employed.  Table  13,  on  the 
following  page,  shows  the  sex  and  age  distribution  of 
wage  earners  in  all  industries  not  covered  by  the 
preceding  table  in  which  there  were  at  least  5,000 
women,  or  in  which  the  women  constituted  over  40 
per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  and  numbered  not  less 
than  500. 

The  table  shows  that  there  are  a  large  number  of 
industries,  some  of  considerable  importance,  in  which 
women  16  years  of  age  or  over  represent  more  than  40 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners.  In  the 
manufacture  of  corsets,  of  artificial  flowers,  feathers, 
and  plumes,  and  of  steel  pens,  more  than  80  per  cent 


*  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

of  the  wage  earners  are  women.  Other  industries 
in  which  female  wage  earners  16  years  of  age  or  over 
constitute  over  three-fourths  of  the  total  number 
employed  are  the  manufacture  of  men's  furnishing 
goods  and  of  millinery  and  lace  goods,  and  the  grading, 
roasting,  cleaning,  and  shelling  of  peanuts.  Large 
numbers  of  women  are  also  employed  in  several  indus- 
tries listed  in  this  table  in  which,  however,  the  propor- 
tion which  these  represent  of  the  total  number  of  wage 
earners  is  less  than  40  per  cent. 

Of  the  industries  shown  in  Table  13,  those  in  which 
the  proportion  of  children  under  16  years  of  age  ex- 
ceeds 5  per  cent  are  the  manufacture  of  bags,  other 
than  paper;  cigar  boxes;  fancy  and  paper  boxes;  horse 
clothing;  cordage  and  twine;  needles,  pins,  and  hooks 
and  eyes;  lead  pencils;  stationery  goods,  not  elsewhere 
specified;  and  the  cork-cutting  industry. 


456 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  13 


ArUflcial  flowers  and  feathers  and  plumes 

Awnings,  tents,  and  sails 

Bags,  other  than  paper 

Bags,  paper 

Baking  powders  and  yeast 

Boots  and  shoes,  rubber 

Boxes,  cigar 

Boxes,  fancy  and  paper : 

Buttons 

Carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag 

Clocks  and  watches,  including  cases  and  materials. . . 

Clothing,  horse 

Cordage  and  twine  and  Jute  and  linen  goods 

Cork,  cutting 

Corsets 

Dyeing  and  finishing  textiles 

Ffreworks 

'  Flags,  banners,  regalia,  society  badges,  and  emblems 

Flavoring  extracts 

Food  preparations 

Fur  goods 

Furnishing  goods,  men's 

Gloves  and  mittens,  leather 

Gold  and  silver,  leaf  and  foil 

Hair  work 

Hats,  fur-felt 

Hats,  straw 

House-furnishing  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 

Jewelry 

Jewelry  and  instrument  cases 

Millinery  and  lace  goods 

Needles,  pins,  and  nooks  and  eyes 

Paper  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 

Peanuts,  grading,  roasting,  cleaning,  and  shelling 

Pencils,  lead 

Pens,  steel 

Pottery,  terra-cotta,  and  fire-clay  products 

Stationery  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 

Surgical  appliances  and  artificial  limbs 

Umbrellas  and  canes 


WAGE  EAENKRS. 

Number  Dec.  15,  or  nearest  representative  day. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

Average 
number. 

Total 

16  years  of  age  and  over. 

Under 
16  years 

16  years  and  over. 

Under 
16  years 

Male 

Female. 

of  age. 

Male. 

Female. 

of  age. 

10,016 

10,769 

1,416 

9,017 

336 

13.1 

83.7 

3.1 

4,242 

4,043 

2,264 

1,715 

64 

56.0 

42.4 

1.6 

7,968 

8,437 

2,870 

4,794 

773 

34.0 

66.8 

9.2 

3,212 

3,299 

1,680 

1,561 

58 

50.9 

47.3 

1.8 

2,155 

2,273 

1,199 

1,020 

54 

52.7 

44.9 

2.4 

17,612 

18,528 

10,995 

7,060 

473 

59.3 

38.1 

2.6 

6,115 

6,554 

2,914 

3,260 

380 

44.5 

49.7 

6.8 

39,514 

43,239 

14,198 

25,961 

3,080 

32.8 

60.0 

7.1 

16,427 

17,873 

10, 721 

6,530 

622 

60.0 

36.5 

3.5 

33,307 

34,874 

19,601 

13,859 

1,414 

56.2 

39.7 

4.1 

23,857 

25,574 

15, 775 

9,262 

537 

61.7 

36.2 

2.1 

1,648 

1,789 

580 

1,047 

162 

32.4 

58.5 

9.1 

25,820 

26,941 

13,019 

12,083 

1,839 

48.3 

44.8 

6.8 

3,142 

3,239 

1,756 

1,310 

173 

54.2 

40.4 

6.3 

17,564 

18, 1S2 

2,291 

15,234 

627 

12.6 

83.9 

3.5 

44,046 

45,841 

36,486 

8,269 

1,086 

79.6 

18.0 

2.4 

1,403 

1,380 

756 

564 

60 

54.8 

40.9 

4.  a 

3,572 

3,552 

1,267 

2,192 

93 

35.7 

61.7 

2.& 

1,229 

1,270 

722 

522 

26 

56.8 

41.1 

2.  a 

14,968 

17,786 

12,070 

5,449 

267 

67.9 

30.6 

1.5 

11,927 

14.450 

8,539 

5,853 

58 

59.1 

40.5 

0.4 

38,482 

41,970 

9,153 

31,926 

891 

21.8 

76.1 

2.1 

11,354 

12, 188 

5,202 

6,697 

289 

42.7 

64  9 

2.4 

1,383 

1,417 

612 

756 

49 

43.2 

53.4 

3.5 

3,534 

3,885 

1,338 

2,464 

83 

34.4 

63.4 

2.1 

25,064 

30,292 

21, 182 

8,468 

642 

69.9 

28.0 

2.1 

8,814 

10,328 

3,512 

6,641 

175 

34.0 

64.3 

1.7 

4,907 

5,371 

2,713 

2,570 

88 

50.5 

47.8 

l.fr 

30,347 

33,914 

23,336 

9,645 

933 

68.8 

28.4 

2.8 

2,070 

2,343 

1,045 

1,239 

59 

44.6 

52.9 

2.5 

39,201 

40,522 

8,061 

31,290 

1,171 

19.9 

77.2 

2.9 

4,638 

4,955 

2,262 

2,313 

380 

45.6 

46.7 

7.7 

19,211 

20,500 

10, 141 

9,707 

652 

49.5 

47.4 

3.2 

1,949 

2,346 

473 

1,833 

40 

20.2 

78.1 

1.7 

4,134 

4,412 

1,843 

2,244 

325 

41.8 

60.9 

7.4 

699 

729 

113 

591 

25 

15.5 

81.1 

3.4 

56,168 

60,842 

63,159 

6,799 

884 

87.4 

11.2 

1.5 

6,206 

6,417 

3,405 

2,635 

377 

53.1 

41.1 

5.9 

4,241 

4,440 

2,193 

2,113 

134 

49.4 

47.6 

3.0 

5,472 

5,837 

2,586 

3,017 

234 

44.3 

51.7 

4.0' 

Sex  and  age  distribution,  by  states :  1909. — Table  14 
shows,  for  each  geographic  division  and  each  state, 
the  distribution  of  wage  earners  by  sex  and  age  and 
the  per  cent  that  each  class  represents  of  the  total 
average  number  of  wage  earners.  The  numbers  of 
each  sex  and  each  age  period  are  obtained  by 
applying  to  the  average  number  employed  in  each 
industry  in  each  state  the  percentages  of  each  age 
and  sex  in  the  number  of  wage  earners  reported  for 
December  15,  or  the  nearest  representative  day,  and 
then  totaling  the  result,  as  more  fully  explained  on 
page  452. 

The  relative  number  of  males  16  years  of  age  or 
over,  females  16  years  of  age  or  over,  and  children 
imder  16  employed  in  each  state  depends  primarily 
upon  the  character  of  the  industries  in  that  state,  but 
the  number  of  persons  under  16  employed  is  also 
affected  by  the  legislation  of  the  several  states  with 
regard  to  child  labor.  The  largest  proportions  of 
female  wage  earners  16  years  of  age  or  over  are  found 
in  the  New  England  and  Middle  Atlantic  divisions, 


owing  chiefly  to  the  importance  of  the  textile  and 
clothing  industries  in  these  divisions.  Next  to  these 
two  divisions  in  this  respect  ranks  the  South  Atlantic 
division,  and  in  this  division  appears  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  wage  earners  under  16  years  of  age,  6.3 
per  cent.  This  large  proportion  is  due  chiefly  to  the 
predominance  of  the  textile  industries  in  the  South 
Atlantic  states.  The  proportions  of  females  16  years 
of  age  or  over  and  of  children  under  16  are  lowest  in 
the  West  South  Central,  Mountain,  and  Pacific  divi- 
sions, where  the  textile  and  clothing  industries  arc 
relatively  unimportant. 

Among  the  individual  states  the  largest  proportion 
of  female  wage  earners  16  years  of  age  or  over,  32.3 
per  cent,  is  found  in  Rhode  Island,  and  the  next  largest 
proportion  in  New  Hampshire,  followed  closely  by 
Massachusetts  and  New  York.  The  proportion  of 
children  employed  is  largest  in  South  Carolina,  12.9 
per  cent,  and  next  largest  in  North  Carolina.  Among 
the  Northern  states  Rhode  Island  shows  the  largest 
percentage  of  children. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


45 


DmsiON  AND  STATE. 


ITnlted  States.... 

Geogeaphic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central... 
West  North  Central.., 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . . 
West  South  Central. . 

Mountaia 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Noeth  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina , 

Georgia , 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana , 

Oklahoma , 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana , 

Idaho , 

Wyoming , 

Colorado 

New  Mexico , 

Arizona , 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


average  number  or  wage 

E.4.RNERS. 


6,616,046 


1,101, 

2,207, 

1,513, 

374, 

663, 

261, 

204, 

7.5, 

213, 


79,955 
78,658 
33,788 
584,559 
113,538 
210,792 


1,003,981 
326,223 
877,543 


446,934 
186,984 
465,764 
231,499 
182,583 


84,767 
61,635 
152,993 
2,789 
3,602 
24,336 
44,215 


21,238 

107,921 

7,707 

105,676 

63,893 
121,473 

73,046 
104,588 

57,473 


65,400 
73,840 
72,148 
50,384 


44,982 
76,165 
13,143 
70,230 


11,656 
8,220 
2,867 

28,067 
4,143 
6,441 

11,785 
2,257 


69,120 
28,750 
115,296 


16  years  of  age 
and  over. 


Male.     Female. 


5,163,164 


760,639 
1,618,967 
1,271,013 
311,140 
517,456 
228,788 
191,353 
71,142 
192,666 


60,612 
53,574 
28,946 

390,544 
72,239 

154,724 


702,637 
236,499 
679,831 


372,694 
161,117 
382,691 
197,777 
156,734 


73,038 
51,128 
119,980 
2,489 
3,099 
20,763 
40,643 


17,205 
72,416 
6,861 
88,191 
58,335 
86,082 
50,848 
83,998 
53,520 


55,072 
63,016 
63,413 
47,287 


43,763 
70,153 
12,345 
65,092 


11,436 
8,035 
2,810 

25,808 
3,995 
6,366 

10,470 
2,222 


66,042 
26,406 
100,218 


14390,389 


307,076 
544,316 
220,194 
57,471 
103,703 
24,995 
9,724 
3,834 
19,076 


17,956 
23,888 
4,631 
173,280 
36,674 
50,647 


293,525 
82,180 
168,605 


68,996 
22,255 
76,156 
31,205 
21,582 


4,505 
21,693 
12,793 
14,549 

3,012 


9,495 
8,379 
5,082 
2,039 


694 
4,473 

675 
3,882 


189 
155 
45 
2,094 
82 
38 
1,205 
26 


2,812 
2,246 
14,018 


Under 

16 
years 
of  age. 


161,493 


33,575 
44,464 
22,557 

6,726 
41,856 

7,989 

3,443 
469 

1,424 


1,387 
1,196 
211 
20,736 
4,625 
5,421 


7,819 
7,538 
29,107 


6,244 
3,612 
6,917 
2,517 
4,267 


11,423 

306 

9,460 

1,047 

29,196 

3,818 

243 

67 

457 

46 

3,356 

217 

3,337 

235 

3,504 

629 

28,957 

6,548 

827 

19 

13,863 

3,622 

1,053 
13,698 
9,406 
6,041 
941 


833 
2,445 
3,653 
1,058 


525 
1,539 

123 
1,256 


266 

98 

1,060 


per  cent  of 
total. 


16  years  of 

age  and 

over. 


Male. 


78.1 


69.1 
73.3 
84.0 
83.1 
78.0 
87.4 
93.6 
94.3 
90.4 


75.8 
68.1 
85.7 
66.8 
63.6 
73.4 


70.0 
72.6 
77.5 


83.4 
86.2 
82.2 
86.4 
85.8 


86.2 
83.0 
78.4 
89.2 
86.0 
86.3 
91.9 


81.0 
67.1 
89.0 
83.6 
91.3 
70.9 
69.6 
80.3 
93.1 


84.2 
85.3 
87.9 
93.9 


97.3 
92.1 
93.9 
92.7 


98.1 
97.7 
98.0 
92.0 
96.4 


96.6 
91.8 
86.9 


Un- 
der 
16 
years 
Fe-    of  age. 
male. 


19.5 


27.9 
24.7 
14.6 
15.4 
15.6 
9.5 
4.7 
5.1 


22.6 
30.4 
13.7 
29.6 
32.3 
24.0 


29.2 
25.2 
19.2 


15.4 
11.9 
16.3 
13.5 
11.8 


13.5 
15.3 
19.1 

8.7 
12.7 
13.8 

7.6 


16.5 
26.8 
10.7 
13.1 

7.1 
17.9 
17.5 
13.9 

5.2 


14.6 
11.3 
7.0 
4.0 


1.5 
5.9 
6.1 
5.5 


1.6 
1.9 
1.6 
7.5 
2.0 
0.6 
10.2 
1.2 


4.1 
7.8 
12.2 


2.4 


3.0 
2.0 
1.5 
1.6 
6.3 
3.1 
1.7 
0.6 
0.7 


1.7 
1.6 
0.6 
3.5 
4.1 
2.6 


0.8 
2.3 
3.3 


1.2 
1.9 
1.5 
1.1 
2.3 


0.4 
1.7 
Z6 
2.0 
1.3 
0.9 
0.6 


Z6 
6.1 
0.2 
3.4 
1.6 
11.3 
12.9 
6.8 
1.6 


1.3 
3.3 
6.1 
2.1 


1.2 
2.0 
0.9 
1.8 


0.3 
0.4 
0.4 
0.6 
1.6 
0.6 
0.9 
0.4 


0.4 
0.3 
0.9 


Comparison  with  previous  censuses  as  to  sex  and 
age. — The  following  table  shows,  for  all  industries 
combined,  the  distribution  of  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  according  to  age  periods,  and  in  the  case 
of  those  16  years  of  age  or  over  according  to  sex,  for 
1909,  1904,  and  1899.  As  ab-eady  explained  (p.  452), 
the  distribution  for  1909  is  estimated  on  the  basis  of 
the  actual  proportions  reported  for  a  single  represent- 


ative day,  while  the  figures  for  the  other  two  censusc 
represent  averages  computed  from  the  number  of  eac 
class  reported  for  each  month  of  the  year. 


Table  15 

AVERAGE  NUUBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Number. 

Per 
cent 
distri- 
bution. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 
distri- 
bution. 

Number. 

Pel 

cen 

distr 

butio 

Total 

6,615,046 

6,453,553 

5, 163, 164 

1,290,389 

161,493 

100.0 

97.6 
78.1 
19.5 
2.4 

5,468,383 

5,308,498 

4,242,643 

1,065,855 

159,885 

100.0 

97.1 
77.6 
19.5 
2.9 

4,712,763 

4,551,487 

3,632,977 

918,510 

161,276 

100 

16  years  of  age  and  over. 
Male 

96 
77 

Female 

19 

Under  16  years  of  age.. 

3 

From  an  examination  of  this  table  it  will  be  see 
that,  while  the  numbers  of  men  and  women  workei 
increased  at  each  census,  the  number  of  children  unde 
16  years  of  age  has  been  comparatively  stationary 
For  all  industries  combined  there  was  a  slight  nc 
increase  during  the  10  years  in  the  number  of  childre 
employed,  although  from  1899  to  1904  the  numbt 
decreased.  The  percentage  which  children  represer 
of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners,  however,  d( 
creased  from  census  to  census.  The  proportion  of  add 
female  wage  earners  has  been  the  same  at  each  censui 
while  the  proportion  of  adult  males  has  increase 
slightly. 

Comparison  of  sex  and  age  distribution  in  selects 
industries:  1909,  1904,  and  1899. — Table  16  shows,  i 
percentages,  the  distribution  of  wage  earners  accorc 
ing  to  sex  and  age  periods,  in  1909,  1904,  and  189( 
for  all  industries  of  any  importance  in  which  the  pre 
portion  of  women  and  children  is  relatively  high  or  i 
which  the  absolute  number  of  women  and  children  i 
large.  The  percentages  for  the  three  years  are  con 
parable  though  not  precisely  parallel,  for  the  reaso 
that  those  for  1909  relate  to  the  number  employe 
on  December  15,  or  the  nearest  representative  daj 
which  in  the  case  of  many  establishments  in  som 
industries  was  in  another  month  than  Decembei 
while  those  for  1904  and  1899  (in  which  years  report 
were  made  for  each  month  of  the  average  number  c 
wage  earners  by  sex  and  age)  are  based  upon  th 
average  number  in  each  group  for  the  month  c 
December.  Nevertheless,  the  figures  should  be  ver 
closely  comparable  for  nearly  all  industries. 

In  about  three-fifths  of  the  61  industries  shown  i: 
this  table  the  number  of  females  16  years  of  age  o 
over  and  of  children  under  the  age  of  16,  take: 
together,  formed  a  smaller  proportion  of  the  wag 
earners  reported  for  December  in  1909  than  i] 
1899,  or,  in  other  words,  the  proportion  of  males  1 
years  of  age  or  over  increased  during  the  decade.  Ii 
the  cotton-goods  industry,  in  which  the  number  o 
women  and  children  is  greater  than  in  any  othe 
industry,  each  of  these  classes  represented   a  smalle 


458 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


percentage  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners  in  1909 
than  in  1899.  Similar  changes  have  occurred  in  the 
men's  clothing  and  the  hosiery  and  knit-goods  indus- 
tries, both  of  which  are  important  as  employers  of 
women  and  children.  In  the  silk  and  woolen  industries 
the  proportion  of  women  has  increased  slightly,  but  the 
proportion  of  children  under  1 6  has  decreased.  For  the 
tobacco-products  industry,  in  which  the  proportion  of 


children  has  likewise  decreased,  a  marked  increase  is 
shown  in  the  proportion  of  women  employed. 

Among  the  61  industries  listed  in  the  table  there 
were  22  in  which  the  percentage  of  children  was  higher 
in  1909  than  in  1899,  but  most  of  these  are  relatively 
unimportant  industries.  The  most  conspicuous  in- 
crease in  the  proportion  of  children  employed  is  in  the 
manufacture  of  bags,  other  than  paper. 


Table  16 


PER  CENT  OF  ALL  WAGE  EABNEBS  EMPLOYED.l 


16  years  of  age  and  over. 


1909 


1904 


1S99 


Female. 


1909 


1904 


1899 


Under  16  years  of  age. 


1909 


1904 


1899 


Artificial  flowers  and  feathers  and  plumes. 

Awnings,  tents,  and  sails 

Bags,  other  than  paper , 

Bags,  paper 

Baking  powders  and  yeast 


Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings. 

Boots  and  shoes,  rubber 

Boxes,  cigar 

Boxes,  fancy  and  paper 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 


Buttons 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag 

Clocks  and  watches,  including  cases  and  materials. 
Clothing,  horse 


Ctothing,  men's,  including  slilrts , 

Clothing,  women's , 

Coffee  and  spice,  roasting  and  grinding. 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 


Cordage  and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods  . 

Cork,  cutting 

Corsets 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares. . 
Dyeing  and  finishing  textiles 


Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Fireworks 

Flags,  banners,  regalia,  society  badges,  and  emblems. 

Flavoring  extracts 

Food  preparations 


Foundry  and  machine-shop  products. 

Fur  goods 

Furnishing  goods,  men's 

Gloves  and  mittens,  leather 

Gold  and  silver,  leaf  and  foil 


Hair  work 

Hats,  fur-felt 

Hats,  straw 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

House-fiimishing  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified! 

Jewelry 

Jewelry  and  instrument  cases 

Leather  goods ] '. 

Mattresses  and  spring  beds '...'. 

Millinery  and  lace  gcK)ds ". 


Needles,  pins,  and  hooks  and  eyes 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Paper  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified !.!.!!!!]]!!!!!!! 

Patent  medicines  and  compoimds  and  druggists'  preparations! 

Peanuts,  grading,  roastmg,  cleaning,  and  shelling 

Pencils,  lead 

Pens,  steel V....\.[\\\[..[[ 

Pottery,  terra-cotta,  and  fire-clay  products. ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Stationery  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 

Surgical  appliances  and  artificial  limbs 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Umbrellas  and  canes !!!!.!...!!!!!!!!!!!!]!]' 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods, and  wool  liats \\.\\.\....\[\\[ 


13.1 
56.0 
34.0 
60.9 
52.7 

62.6 
59.3 

44.5 
32.8 
81.3 

60.0 
43.1 
56.2 
61.7 
32.4 

42.4 
35.8 
59.4 
35.9 
84.6 

48.3 
54.2 
12.6 
50.9 
79.6 

76.4 
54.8 
35.7 
56.8 
67.9 

97.3 
59.1 
21.8 
42.7 
43.2 

34.4 
69.9 
34.0 
27.4 
50.5 


44.6 
81.8 
79.9 
19.9 

45.6 
87.1 
49.5 
46.6 

20.2 
41.8 
15,5 
87.4 

75.1 
35.0 
93.1 
53.1 

49.4 
49.9 
44.3 
53.0 


12.3 
7.6 
2.3- 

4.7 
10.0 
2.4 
6.4 

54 
4.7 
4.1 
7.3 

neai^Jt7eJ?^matlve^iy.'  P*"^°**g«^  ^^«  based  on  the  average  numbers  reported  for  the  month  of  December;  for  1909,  on  the  number  employed  on  Dec.  15.  or  th« 

Comparison  of  sex  and  age  distribution,  by  states:  1899,  respectively,  the  percentage  of  the  average  num- 
1909,  1904,  and  1899.— Table  17  shows,  for  each  ber  of  wage  earners  employed  during  the  year  repre- 
geographic  division  and  state,  for  1909,   1904,  and     sented  by  males  16  years  of  age  or  over,  females  16 


14.1 
59.5 
34.0 
52.0 
47.0 

63.4 
57.1 
44.5 
29.3 
79.6 

50.8 
48.2 
51.0 
61.8 
36.8 

37.6 
34.9 
60.3 
35.9 
85.0 

57.6 
45.1 
10.9 
46.6 
80.2 

80.6 
55.7 
32.8 
51.7 
59.0 

97.3 
57.3 
14.1 
39.6 
45.5 

17.8 
70.3 
33,4 
24.2 
56.0 

71.9 
47.7 
79.7 
79.7 
13.4 

47.5 
85-9 
41.5 
42.2 

19.7 
42.1 
9,3 
85.8 

74.5 
34.1 
92.0 
49.6 

48.4 
54.1 
39.3 
52.8 


12.9 
65.1 
81.3 
53.6 
49.9 

63.6 
60.3 
46.4 
27.9 
79.2 

47.4 
55;  6 
48.4 
63.8 
25.2 

33.9 
29.6 
51.9 
44.7 
86.7 

55.2 
43.8 
9.9 
44.8 
81.9 

82.8 
54.7 
28.2 
51.2 
65.6 

97.7 
45.3 
14.7 
30.9 
51.0 

13.9 
70.2 


25.0 
57.3 

67.2 
48.5 
84.4 
77.0 
16.9 

50.9 
83,2 
460 
44.5 


35.8 
13.6 

87.2 

74  8 
36  6 
93.1 
42.9 

54.3 
57.8 
39.9 
53.0 


83.7 
42.4 
56.8 
47.3 
44.9 

33.3 
38.1 
49.7 
60.0 
16.7 

36.5 
49.8 
39.7 
36.2 
58.5 

55.5 
63  3 
39.1 
58.1 
12,3 

44.8 
40.4 
83.9 
38.7 
18.0 

22.7 
40.9 
61.7 
41.1 
30.6 

2.0 
40.5 
76.1 
54.9 
53.4 

63.4 
28.0 
64.3 
64.5 

47.8 

28.4 
52.9 
15.7 
18.4 
77,2 

46.7 
12,6 
47.4 
51.3 

78.1 
50.9 
81.1 
11.2 

22.4 

57.1 

6.3 

41.1 

47.6 
46.5 
51.7 
41.3 


80,7 
39  4 
60.2 
45.2 
51.3 

33.2 
39,8 
50.0 
64.5 
18.1 

45.9 
45.7 
43.3 
36.9 
56.6 

60.0 
64.4 
38.3 
59.3 
12.4 

35.6 
46.7 
86.3 
40.5 
15.9 

18.3 
39.0 
65.6 
46.5 
39.2 

1.9 
42.3 
84.3 
58.3 
51.8 

80..5 
27.6 
65.6 
66.2 
41.5 

26.1 
51.0 
17.3 

18.8 
85.1 

46.5 
13.7 
55.3 
55.4 

75.4 
54.0 
83.7 
11.8 

22.9 

56.7 

6.7 

46.5 

49  8 
41.3 
56.0 
39.6 


79.1 
34.0 
65.3 
45.4 
48.4 

33.4 
38.2 
49.4 
65.9 
17.7 

47.2 
40.0 
44.1 
34.4 
65.5 

63.4 
69.4 
46.1 
49.8 
9.2 

36.8 
48.2 
87.4 
41.9 
14.4 

15.8 
36.7 
68.9 
46.5 
31.7 

1.4 
53.9 
83.3 
67.1 
46.8 

85.8 
28.4 


64.5 
40.5 

31.0 
47.5 
12.3 
20.4 
81.9 

44.0 
16.5 
51.6 
53.9 


51.9 
78.8 
10.5 

20.6 

53.4 

4.5 

50.7 

40.3 
37.6 
56.0 
39.7 


3.1 
1.6 
9.2 
1.8 
2.4 

4.1 
2.6 
5.8 
7.1 
2.0 

3.5 
7.1 
4.1 
2.1 
9.1 

2.0 
0.9 
1.4 
6.0 
3.0 


5.3 
3.5 
10.4 
2.4 

0.9 
4.3 
2.6 
2.0 
1.5 

0.8 
0.4 
2.1 
2.4 
3.5 

2.1 
2.1 

1.7 
8.1 
1.6 

2.8 
2.5 
2.5 
1.7 
2.9 

7.7 
0.3 
3.2 
2.1 

1.7 
7,4 
3.4 
1.5 

*  2.4 
8.0 
0.6 
5.9 

3.0 
3.6 
4.0 
5.7 


5.2 
1.2 
5.9 
2.7 
1.7 

3.4 
3.1 
5.5 
6.2 
2.3 

3.3 
6.1 
5.7 
1.4 


2.4 
0.8 
1.4 
4.8 
2.6 

6.7 
8.3 
2.8 
12.9 
3.9 

1.0 
5.3 
1.6 
1.8 
1.8 

0.8 
0.4 
1.6 

2.1 
2.8 

1.7 
2.1 
0.9 
9.6 
2.5 

2.0 
1.3 
3.0 
1.5 
1.5 

6.0 
0.4 
3.2 
2.4 

4.9 
3.8 
7.0 
2.4 

2.6 
9.2 
1.2 
3.9 

1.8 
4.6 
4.7 
7.6 


8.0 
0.9 
3.4 
1.0 
1.7 

3.1 
1.5 
4.2 
6.2 
3.1 

5.4 
4.4 
7.5 
1.8 
9.3 

2.8 
0.9 
2.0 
5.4 
4.1 

8.1 
8.0 
2.7 
13.3 
3.7 

l.S 
8.6 
2.9 
2.3 
2.7 

0.9 
0.7 
2.0 
2.0 
3.3 

0.4 
1.4 


10.5 
2.3 

1.8 
4.0 
3.3 
2.6 
1.3 

5.1 
0.4 
2.4 
1.6 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


41 


years  of  age  or  over,  and  children  under  16  years  of 
age.  For  1909  the  percentages  have  been  computed 
from  the  returns  for  a  representative  day  in  the  man- 
ner described  on  page  452 ;  for  the  other  two  years  the 
bases  of  calculation  are  average  numbei*s  computed 
for  the  year  from  the  returns  made  for  each  month. 


Table  17 


PER  CENT  OF  AVEBAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EABNEBS. 


16  years  of  age  and 

over. 

Under  16 
of  age 

years 

DIVISION  AND  STATE. 

Male. 

Female. 

190» 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1900 

1904 

2.9 

1899 

TTnlted  States 

78.1 

77.6 

77.1 

19.6 

19.6 

19.6 

2.4 

S.4 

Geographic  Drv'isiONs: 

69.1 
73.3 
84.0 
83.1 
78.0 
87.4 
93.6 
94.3 
90.4 

69.1 
73.9 
83.8 
83.6 
75.4 
85.9 
92.6 
93.6 
88.6 

68.4 
73.3 
84.4 
83.4 
74.7 
86.2 
91.3 
94.4 
85.5 

27.9 
24.7 
14.5 
15.4 
15.6 
9.5 
4.7 
5.1 
8.9 

28.0 
23.5 
14.5 
14.2 
17.0 
9.7 
5.5 
5.2 
10.3 

28.7 
23.4 
13.2 
13.6 
17.4 
9.0 
6.4 
4.2 
12.6 

3.0 
2.0 
1.5 
1.5 
6.3 
3.1 
1.7 
0.6 
0.7 

2.9 
2.7 
1.7 
2.3 
7.6 
4.3 
1.9 
1.3 
1.2 

2.9 

Middle  Atlantic 

3.3 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central 

2.4 
3.0 
7.9 

East  South  Central 

West  South  Central 

4.8 
2.4 
1.3 

Pacific    

1.9 

New  England: 

75.8 
68.1 
85.7 
66.8 
63.6 
73.4 

70.0 
72.5 
77.6 

83.4 
86.2 
82.2 
85.4 
85.8 

86.2 
83.0 
78.4 
89.2 
86.0 
85.3 
91.9 

81.0 
67.1 
89.0 
83.5 
91.3 
70.9 
69.6 
80.3 
93.1 

84.2 
85.3 
87.9 
93.9 

97.3 
92.1 
93.9 
92.7 

98.1 
97.7 
98.0 
92.0 
96.4 
98.8 
88.8 
98.4 

95.5 
91.8 
86.9 

75.6 
68.1 
85.5 
66.9 
63.0 
73.1 

70.4 
73.4 
77.9 

83.4 

85.3 
82.8 
84.3 
85.4 

87.4 
83.0 
79.5 
86.7 
87.4 
85.5 
90.4 

80.5 
67.4 
89.1 
81.0 
90.0 
64.9 
63.3 
78.5 
94.2 

82.8 
85.4 
86.0 
91.4 

96.9 
89.4 
92.0 
93.3 

97.7 
95.8 
97.8 
92.4 
97.4 
98.9 
84.9 
98.5 

96.9 
90.9 
84.4 

72.1 
67.1 
85.0 
66.6 
62.7 
72.3 

69.3 
73.3 
77.7 

84.0 
86.0 
82.6 
86.2 
86.0 

88.5 
83.1 
78.1 
90.7 
91.4 
86.9 
89.9 

79.8 
65.5 
87.1 
79.5 
89.0 
65.0 
61.9 
80.4 
94.8 

84.1 
85.1 
87.0 
90.8 

96.7 
85.0 
94.7 
93.2 

98.1 
96.5 
98.5 
93.4 
96.5 
98.0 
86.1 
95.4 

97.2 
90.4 
79.7 

22.5 
30.4 
13.7 
29.6 
32.3 
24.0 

29.2 
25.2 
19.2 

15.4 
11.9 
16.3 
13.5 
11.8 

13.5 
15.3 
19.1 

8.7 
12.7 
13.8 

7.5 

16.5 
26.8 
10.7 
13.1 

7.1 
17.8 
17.5 
13.9 

5.2 

14.5 
11.3 
7.0 
4.0 

1.5 
5.9 

5.1 
5.5 

1.6 
1.9 
1.6 
7.5 
2.0 
0.6 
10.2 
1.2 

4.1 

7.8 
12.2 

22.4 
30.5 
13.8 
30.1 
31.6 
24.5 

28.6 
23.6 
17.6 

15.2 
12.5 
15.9 
13.8 
1).9 

12.1 
14.8 
17.1 
11.3 
11.2 
12.5 
7.6 

16.0 
26.7 

9.7 
14.9 

7.4 
21.4 
20.2 
13.6 

5.0 

13.9 
10.9 
7.3 
5.3 

1.5 
8.2 
6.0 
5.1 

1.6 
2.9 
1.8 
6.2 
1.5 
0.7 
12.6 
1.0 

2.9 
8.0 
14.0 

24.8 

30.4 

14.1 

30.6. 

31.6 

25.6 

29.0 
23.1 
17.4 

14.7 
11.4 
14.4 
12.2 
9.9 

10.4 
12.9 
18.5 
6.8 
3.0 
9.2 
7.2 

16.1 
28.6 
11.7 
14.9 

8.5 
20.9 
20.1 
12.1 

4.3 

11.8 
10.6 
6.6 
5.4 

1.3 
12.3 
3.2 
4.4 

0.9 
2.1 
0.7 
5.5 
2.4 
0.9 
10.7 
1.2 

2.0 

7.7 
17.9 

1.7 
1.5 
0.6 
3.6 
4.1 
2.6 

0.8 
2.3 
3.3 

1.2 
1.9 
1.6 
1.1 
2.3 

0.4 
1.7 
2.5 
2.0 
1.3 
0.9 
0.5 

2.5 
6.1 
0.2 
3.4 
1.6 
11.3 
12.9 
5.8 
1.6 

1.3 
3.3 

5.1 
2.1 

1.2 
2.0 
0.9 
1.8 

0.3 
0.4 
0.4 
0.6 
1.6 
0.6 
0.9 
0.4 

0.4 
0.3 
0.9 

2.0 
1.5 
0.7 
3.0 
5.4 
2.4 

0.9 
3.0 
4.6 

1.4 
2.2 
1.3 
1.9 
2.7 

0.5 
2.2 
3.4 
2.0 
1.3 
2.0 
2.0 

3.5 
5.9 
1.2 
4.0 
2.6 
13.6 
16.4 
7.9 
0.8 

3.3 
3.6 
6.6 
3.3 

1.6 
2.4 
2.0 
1.7 

0.7 
1.3 
0.4 
1.4 
1.1 
0.4 
2.4 
0.5 

0.2 
1.1 
1.6 

3.1 

2  4 

0  9 

2.8 

5  7 

Connecticut 

Middle  Ai-lantic: 

2.1 
1  7 

3  7 

4.0 

East  North  Central: 
Ohio 

13 

2.5 

3.0 

Michigan 

1.6 

Wisconsin 

40 

West  North  Central: 

1.1 

4.0 

3,5 

North  Dakota 

2  5 

South  Dakota 

4.9 
3  9 

2  9 

South  Atlantic: 

4  1 

6.0 

District  of  Columbia 

1.2 

5.5 

West  Virginia 

2.4 

14,1 

18,0 

7  5 

Florida 

0  9 

East  South  Central: 

4,2 

4  3 

Alabama 

6  5 

3  8 

West  South  Central: 

?.  0 

?,  7 

Oklahoma 

2  1 

Texas 

9,  4 

Mountain: 
Montana 

1.1 

Idaho 

1.4 

Wyoming 

0  7 

Colorado 

1  0 

New  Mexico 

10 

Arizona '. . 

1   1 

Utah 

3  2 

Nevada 

3.4 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

0.8 
1.9 

2.4 

In  every  geographic  division  except  New  England, 
children  under  16  years  of  age  constituted  a  smaller 
proportion  of  the  average  number  of  wage  earners  in 
1909  than  in  1899,  while  the  proportion  in  New  Eng- 


land rose  slightly,  wholly  on  account  of  increas 
proportions  in  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut.  T 
proportion  of  children  decreased  during  the  decade 
all  but  five  of  the  states,  the  exceptions  being  Mass 
chusetts,  Connecticut,  Marjdand  (where  there  was  ve 
little  change),  Florida,  and  New  Mexico.  In  the  Mi 
die  Atlantic,  East  North  Central,  West  North  Centr 
East  South  Central,  and  Mountain  divisions  wom 
16  years  of  age  or  over  represented  a  larger  proporti 
of  the  total  in  1909  than  in  1899,  but  in  the  otl 
divisions  they  constituted  a  somewhat  smaller  pi 
portion.  Most  of  the  individual  states  show  co: 
paratively  little  change  in  the  proportion  of  wom( 
the  most  conspicuous  increases  being  in  certain  sta1 
where  the  manufacturing  industries  are  still  compai 
tively  undeveloped,  such  as  South  Dakota  and  J» 
braska.  Marked  decreases  in  the  proportion  of  wom 
took  place  in  Louisiana  and  California. 

Wage  earners  employed,  by  months. — The  followi 
table  gives  the  number  of  wage  earners"  employed 
the  15th  of  each  month  during  the  year  1909  for 
industries  combined.  For  purposes  of  comparis 
figures  for  1904  are  also  given,  but  these  are  or 
slightly  different  basis,  since  at  that  census  each  estf 
lishment  was  asked  to  report  the  average  numl 
employed  for  each  month  rather  than  the  numl 
employed  on  a  specified  day  of  each  month. 


Table  18 

wage  earners  in  all  manufacture 
industries.  I 

month. 

Number. 

Per  cent  o 
maximum 

1909 

1904 

1909 

191 

6,210,063 
6,297,627 
6,423,517 
6,437,633 
6,457,279 
6,517,469 
6,480,676 
6,656,933 
6,898,765 
6,997,090 
7,006,853 
6,990,652 

6,262,472 
5,330,471 
5,450,736 
5,493,343 
5,512,373 
5,463,804 
5,323,966 
5,420,618 
5,608,412 
5, 676, 920 
5,587,028 
5,490,453 

88.6 
89.9 
91.7 
91.9 
92.2 
93.0 
92.6 
95.0 
98.5 
99.9 
100.0 
99.8 

March 

Mav 

July 

October 

1 

I  The  numbers  for  1909  represent  the  number  employed  on  the  15th  of « 
month,  or  the  nearest  representative  day;  those  for  1904,  the  average  number 
ployed  during  each  montn. 

In  1909  the  largest  number  of  wage  earners,  7,006,8i 
was  employed  in  November,  and  the  smallest  numb 
6,210,063,  in  January,  this  number  being  equal  to  8^ 
per  cent  of  the  maximum.  In  1904  the  largest  nu: 
ber  was  employed  in  October  and  the  smallest  numl 
in  January,  the  minimum  representing  92.7  per  ce 
of  the  maximum.  In  1909  a  fairly  constant  increj 
in  employment  was  shown  from  January  to  Novemb 
except  that  the  number  employed  in  July  was  a  lit 
lower  than  in  June. 

The  figures  for  employment  by  months  for  all  indi 
tries  combined  fail  to  show  fully  the  variations 
employment,  since  a  variation  in  one  direction  in  o 
industry  may  be  offset  by  a  variation  in  the  oppos 
direction  in  another  industry.     Except  for  distinci 


460 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTUREa 


seasonal  industries,  however,  the  employment  in  most 
of  the  important  industries  of  the  country  appears  to 
have  been  comparatively  steady  throughout  the  year 
1909.  The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  varia- 
tion in  certain  industries.  It  gives  (1 )  the  14  industries 
which  reported  the  largest  average  number  of  wage 
earners,  including  all  reporting  100,000  or  more,  and 
(2)  the  12  industries  which  show  the  greatest  variations 
in  employment,  including  all  (except  one  or  two  em- 
ploying less  than  1,000  wage  earners  each)  m  which 
the  number  for  the  month  of  least  activity  is  less  than 
one-half  that  for  the  month  of  greatest  activity. 


Table  19 


Principal  induttries. 

Lumber  and  timber  products. . 

Foimdry  and  macnme.sbop 
products 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton 
small  wares 

Cars  and  general  shop  con- 
struction and  repau^  by 
steam-railroad  companies... 

Printing  and  publisbmg 


Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and 

rolling  mills 

Clothing,    men's,    including 

shirts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut 

stock  and  findings 

Woolen,    worsted,    and    felt 

goods,  and  wool  hats 

Tobacco  manufactures 


Clothing,  women's 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Bread  and  other  bakery  prod- 
ucts  


Indtutries  showing  large 
variation. 


Brick  and  tile 

Canning  and  preserving. . 

Fertilizers 

Oil,  cx>ttonseed,  and  cake. 


Ice,  manufactured. 

Artificial  stone 

Hats,  straw 

Beet  sugar 


Sugar  and  molasses 

Vinegar  and  eider 

Grindstones 

Bice,  cleaning  and  polishing. 


WAGE  EARNERS. 


.\.verage 
number. 


695,019 
531,011 
378,880 


282, 174 
258,434 


240,076 
239,696 

198,297 

168,722 
166,810 

153,743 
129,275 
128,452 

100,216 


76,528 
59,968 
18,310 
17,071 

16,114 
9,957 
8,814 
7,204 

4,127 
1,542 
1,394 
1,239 


Maximum 
number. 


Month. 


Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


Dec. 
Dec. 


Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 
Dec. 

Oct., 
Nov. 
Nov. 

Oct.. 


July.. 
Sept.. 
Mar.. 
Nov.. 

July.. 
Aug.. 
Mar.. 
Nov.. 

Nov.. 
Oct.. 
May., 
Oct.. 


Number. 


739,160 
597,234 
383,529 

301.538 
269,884 

283,629 

251,349 

207,452 

173,943 
176,369 

167,525 
134,640 
136,615 

102,770 


104,930 
154,800 
29,310 
29,334 

22,872 
12,884 
11,488 
16,807 

15,761 
3,464 
1,665 
2,017 


Minimum  number. 


Month. 


Jan... 
Jan... 
Jan . . . 


May. 
July. 


Mar., 
Jan.. 

May. 

Jan.. 
Jan.. 

July. 
Jan.. 
Jan.. 

Jan.. 


Jan.. 
Jan.. 
July. 
July. 

Jan.. 
Jan.. 
July. 
Feb. 

Feb. 
Mar. 
Jan.. 
July. 


Number. 


Per 
cent 
of 
maxi- 
mum. 


649,239 
482,080 
374,433 


268,700 
251,757 


215,076 

230,650 

190,382 

158,318 
161,563 

135,034 
123,308 
120,524 

96,639 


38,312 
19,998 
14,264 
5,174 

9,847 
4,856 
4,700 
2,206 

559 
886 
795 
436 


87.8 
80.7 
97.6 


89.1 
93.3 


75.8 

91.8 

91.8 

91.0 
91.6 

80.6 
91.7 
88.2 

94.0 


36.5 
12.9 
48.7 
17.6 

43.1 
37.7 
40.9 
13.1 

3.5 
25.6 
47.7 
21.6 


Considering  first  the  principal  industries,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  greatest  regularity  of  employment  was 
in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods,  in  which  the 
number  employed  during  the  month  of  least  activity, 
January,  was  equal  to  97.6  per  cent  of  the  number 
employed  in  the  month  of  greatest  activity,  Decem- 


ber. Other  industries  in  which  the  number  for  the 
month  of  least  activity  was  more  than  90  per  cent  of 
the  number  for  the  month  of  greatest  activity  are  the 
manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  bakeries,  the  men's 
clothing  industry,  the  tobacco-products  industry,  the 
manufacture  of  woolen  goods  and  of  hosiery  and  knit 
goods,  and  printing  and  publisliing.  Among  the  princi- 
pal industries  the  greatest  variation  appears  in  the  steel 
works  and  rolling  mills,  in  which  the  number  employed 
during  March,  the  month  of  least  activity,  was  only 
75.8  per  cent  of  the  number  employed  during  Decem- 
ber, the  month  of  greatest  activity.  The  women's 
clothing  and  foundry  and  machine  shop  industries  also 
show  a  comparatively  large  degree  of  variation  in  the 
number  employed. 

The  lumber  industry,  as  already  stated,  includes 
logging  camps  as  well  as  sawmills,  and  also  includes 
planing  mills  and  wooden  packing-box  factories.  The 
variation  in  employment  in  aU  of  these  branches  taken 
together  for  the  country  as  a  whole  is  not  very  great, 
the  number  employed  during  the  month  of  least 
activity  being  87.8  per  cent  of  the  number  employed 
during  the  month  of  greatest  activity.  For  the  log- 
ging camps  alone,  however,  there  is  greater  variation, 
the  number  employed  duiing  July,  170,587,  being  only 
76.6  per  cent  of  the  number  employed  in  December, 
which  was  222,564.  Furthermore,  since  in  different 
sections  of  the  country  the  active  season  in  the  woods 
covers  different  months,  if  the  operations  of  the  logging 
camps  in  each  geographic  division  are  considered  sep- 
arately, a  much  wider  variation  appears  in  the  number 
employed,  this  being  particularly  true  in  the  Northern 
states. 

There  are  a  number  of  industries  which  are  con- 
spicuously seasonal  in  character.  In  the  case  of  some 
of  these  the  weather  will  not  permit  work  except  at 
certain  seasons,  and  in  others  the  raw  material  used  is 
available  only  at  certain  seasons  and  must  be  handled 
immediately,  while  in  the  case  of  the  remainder  the 
demand  for  the  products  is  conspicuously  seasonal. 
The  most  variable  large  industry  is  canning  and  pre- 
serving, which  naturally  is  confined  mainly  to  the 
period  at  which  fruits  and  vegetables  are  harvested. 
The  industry  includes  the  canning  and  preserving  of 
fish  and  oysters,  which  is  carried  on  in  the  winter 
months;  if  this  were  excluded  there  would  necessarily 
be  a  much  greater  variation  in  the  numbers  employed. 
In  this  industry  the  number  employed  during  Janu- 
ary, the  month  of  least  activity,  formed  only  12.9  per 
cent  of  the  number  employed  during  September. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


46 


CHARACTEK   OF   OWNERSHIP. 


Summary  for  United  States. — The  table  that  follows 
has  for  its  purpose  the  presentation  of  conditions  in 
respect  to  the  character  of  ownership,  or  legal  organi- 
zation, of  manufacturing  enterprises.  Comparative 
figures  are  given,  covering  all  industries  combined, 
for  the  censuses  of  1909  and  1904.  Similar  data  for 
1899  are  not  available. 


Table  20 


CHABACTEB  OF 
OWNERSHIP. 


Number  Average 

ofestab- 1  number 

lish-     I  of  wage 

ments.   |  earners. 


AllelasMi: 

1909 268,491 

1904 216,180 

Average  per  es- 
tabUsbment— 

1809 

1904 


Individual: 

1909 

1904 

Average  per  establish- 
ment— 

1909 

1904 

Firm; 

1909 

1904 

Average  per  establish- 
ment— 

1909 

1904 

Corporation: 

1909 

1904 

Average  per  establish- 
ment— 

1909 

1904 

other: 

1909 

1904 

Average  per  establish- 
ment— 

1909 

1904 


Per  cent  of  total— 

1909 

1904 

Individual: 

1909 

1904 

Firm: 

1909 

1904 

Corporation: 

1909 

1904 

Othe  • 

19(S  

1904 


6,615,046 
5,468,383 


140,605 
113,946 


54,265 
47,934 


GO. 501 

51.097 


4.120 
3,203 


100.0 
100.0 


52.4 
62.7 


20.2 
22.2 


25.9 
23.6 


1.5 
1.5 


804,883 
755,923 


794,836 
841,242 


5,002.393 
3,862,698 


12,934 
8,520 


100.0 
100.0 


12.2 
13.8 


12.0 
15.4 


75.6 
70.6 


0.2 
0.2 


Value  of 
products. 


880,672,051,870 
14,793,902,563 


76,993 
68,433 


Value  added 
bv  manu- 
facture. 


2,042.061,500 
1,702,830,624 


14,523 
14,944 

2,184,107,632 
2,132,536,604 


40,249 
44,480 

16,341,116.634 
10,904,060,307 


235,121 
213,399 


104.766.104 
54,460,028 


25,429 
17.005 


100.0 
100.0 


9.9 
11.5 


10.6 
14.4 


79.0 
73.7 


0.5 
0.4 


$8,529,260,993 
6,293,694,753 


31,767 
29,113 


968,824,072 
824,292,887 


6,890 
7,234 

951,383,741 
930,143,823 


17,532 
19,405 


6,582,207,117 
4,526,055,153 


94,721 
88,578 


26,846,062 
13,202,890 


6,616 
4,122 


100.0 
100.0 


11.4 
13.1 


11.2 
14.8 


77.2 
71.9 


0.3 
0.2 


The  most  important  distinction  sho\vn  is  that  be- 
tween corporate  and  all  other  forms  of  ownership.  Of 
the  total  number  of  establishments  reported  as  en- 
gaged in  manufacturing  industries  in  1909,  25.9  per 
cent  were  under  corporate  ownership.  The  corre- 
sponding figure  for  1904  was  23.6  per  cent.  While  cor- 
porations thus  controlled  only  about  one-fourth  of  the 
total  number  of  establishments,  they  gave  employ- 
ment to  a  large  proportion  of  all  wage  earners  reported, 
namely,  75.6  per  cent  in  1909  and  70.6  per  cent  in  1904^ 
The  value  of  the  products  of  the  factories  operated  by 
corporations  represented  79  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  products  for  all  establishments  in  1909  and  73.7  per 
cent  in  1904.  These  figures  show  that  even  during 
this  short  period  of  five  years  the  corporate  form  of 
ownership  increased  so  greatly  that  it  represented  an 
appreciably  larger  proportion  of  the  manufacturing 
interests  of  the  countrv  in  1909  than  in  1904. 


Partnerships  (including  limited  partnerships)  coi 
trolled  about  one-fiith  of  the  total  number  of  mam 
facturing  establishments  in  1909,  and  individua 
rather  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  number.  Thes 
two  classes  of  establishments  were  about  equal  in  vo 
ume  of  business,  each  reporting  in  the  neighborhood  < 
one-eighth  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners  an 
one-tenth  of  the  total  value  of  products  in  1909.  Du 
ing  the  five  years  from  1904  to  1909  partnerships  loi 
ground,  relatively,  to  a  greater  degree  than  ind 
vidual  ownersliip,  presumably  because  of  the  inco 
poration  of  many  concerns  previously  operated  b 
firms. 

In  1909  there  were  4,120  establishments  operated  b 
cooperative  companies  and  other  miscellaneous  forn 
of  ownership  that  could  not  be  classified  as  ind 
vidual,  firm,  or  corporate  ownership.  These  estabhsl 
ments  gave  employment  to  only  two-tenths  of  1  p( 
cent  of  the  wage  earners,  and  the  value  of  their  proc 
ucts  was  only  five-tenths  of  1  per  cent  of  the  total  vali 
reported  for  all  establishments. 

From  1904  to  1909  the  average  number  of  wa^ 
earners  per  establishment  decreased  for  all  three  pru 
cipal  classes  of  ownership,  while  the  average  value  ( 
products  per  establishment  decreased  for  the  estal 
lishments  under  individual  and  firm  ownership  but  ii 
creased  for  corporate  ownership. 

Proportion  of  business  done  by  corporations  in  tl 
principal  industries:  1909  and  1904. — Table  21  on  th 
following  page,  shows,  for  the  principal  industries,  th 
number  of  manufacturing  establishments  operated  b 
corporations  in  1909  and  1904,  and  the  percentag 
which  they  represent  of  the  entire  number  of  estabhsl 
ments;  also  the  value  of  the  manufactured  product 
made  inestabhshments  under  corporate  ownership  an 
the  percentage  which  this  represents  of  the  tott 
value.  The  figures  as  to  total  value,  on  which  th 
percentages  are  based,  will  be  found  in  Table  IK 
Two  important  industries,  the  repair  shops  of  stear 
railroads  and  the  smelting  and  refining  of  copper,  ar 
not  shown  separately  in  tliis  table,  as  to  do  so  woul 
disclose  the  operations  of  individual  establishments. 

This  table  shows  that  in  industries  where  a  larg 
investment  in  plant  and  macliinery  is  necessary  t 
the  proper  conduct  of  the  business,  the  estabhsh 
ments  are  as  a  rule  operated  by  corporations,  i 
being  easier  under  this  form  of  ownership  to  obtaii 
the  necessary  capital.  All  of  the  establishments  en 
gaged  in  the  smelting  and  refining  of  lead  in  1909  wer 
operated  by  corporations,  and  more  than  90  per  cen 
of  the  blast  furnaces,  steel  works  and  rolhng  mills 
cottonseed-oil  mills,  and  establishments  manufactur 
ing  steam-railroad  cars  were  under  this  form  o 
ownersliip.  The  general  tendency  has  been  towar( 
an  increase  in  the  proportion  of  the  establishment 
operated  b}^  corporations,  and  35  of  the  41  selectee 


462 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


industries  show  an  increase  in  this  respect.  In  24  of 
the  41  selected  industries,  less  than  50  per  cent  of  the 
establisliments  were  operated  by  corporations. 

As  a  rule  corporations  control  a  much  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  output  of  manufactures  than  they  do  of 
the  number  of  estabhshments.  In  16  of  the  41  indus- 
tries the  value  of  the  products  reported  by  corporations 
formed  in  1909  more  than  90  per  cent  of  the  value 


reported  for  all  establishments,  and  in  all  but  5  of  the 
industries  the  corporations  reported  more  than  50  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  products.  In  only  1  of  the 
selected  industries,  the  manufacture  of  women's 
clotMng,  did  the  proportion  of  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts reported  by  corporations  fall  as  low  as  one-fourth. 
In  this  industry  it  formed  only  23.6  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  reported  for  1909. 


Table  2 1 


All  Industries 

Agricultural  implements 

Automobiles  includmg  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  otner  bakery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars,  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad 

companies 

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products , 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products . . . 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Luml)er  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  prep- 
arations  

Petroleum,  refining ].[, 

Printing  and  publishing , 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters .\"\\][] .[[[[[[ . 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 

All  other  industries 


NUMBEB  OF  ESTABUSHMENTS. 


Total. 


1909 


868,491 

640 

743 

1,918 

1,021 

23,926 

8,479 
3, 767 
5,492 

110 
349 

6,354 
4,558 
1,944 
4,228 
1,324 

1,009 
11, 691 
13,253 
3,155 
1,296 

1,374 
208 
446 

2,375 
919 

613 

1,414 

40, 671 

4,%4 

817 

791 

777 

3,642 
147 

31,445 

852 

1,641 

28 

233 

15,822 

985 

63,070 


1904 


216,180 

648 

178 

1,895 

813 

18,226 

8,926 
3,168 
5,588 

73 
275 

5,145 
3,351 
1,348 
2,540 
1,154 

784 
10,051 
10,765 
2,593 
1,019 

1,144 

190 

415 

1,918 

1,049 

805 

1,530 

25,153 

2,608 

715 

639 
761 

2,777 


27,793 

624 

1,221 

32 

344 

16,827 

1,074 

49,923 


Disrated  by  corporations. 


Number. 


1909 


69,S01 

349 
478 
734 
417 
838 

1,313 
1,167 

884 

104 
266 

824 

583 

595 

1,034 

1,113 

720 
2,271 
6,408 
1,499 
1,091 

651 
195 
424 
569 
454 

229 
996 
6,969 
811 
756 

626 
633 

1,610 
131 

7,184 
468 
488 
28 

114 

722 

578 

22,277 


1904 


61,097 

327 
113 
561 
271 
483 

1.385 
940 
806 

67 
207 

538 
319 
384 
591 
922 

524 
1,732 
4,542 
1,128 

931 

476 
182 
385 
403 
391 

178 
930 
4,900 
467 
677 

360 

587 

1,161 
83 

5,354 
315 
298 
28 

112 

563 

518 

15,958 


Percent  of  total. 


1909 


25.9 

64.5 
64.3 
38.3 
40.8 
3.5 

15.5 
31.0 
16.1 

94.6 
76.2 

13.0 
12.8 
30.6 
24.5 
84.1 

71.4 
19.4 
48.4 
47.5 
84.2 

47.4 
93.8 
95.1 
24.0 
49.4 

37.4 
70.4 
17.1 
16.3 
92.5 

66.5 
81.5 

44.2 
89.1 

22.8 
54.9 
29.7 
100.0 

48.9 

4.6 

58.7 

36.3 


1904 


23.6 

50.5 
63.5 
29.6 
33.3 
2.6 

15.5 
29.7 
14.4 

91.8 
75.3 

10.5 
9.5 
28.5 
23.3 
79.9 

66.8 
17.2 
42.2 
43.5 
91.4 

41.6 
95.8 
92.8 
21.0 
37.3 

22.1 
60.8 
19.5 
17.9 
94.7 

56.3 
77.1 

41.8 
84.7 

19.3 
50.6 
24.4 
87.5 

32.6 
3.3 
48.2 
32.0 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS 
OPERATED  BY  CORPORATIONS. 


Amount. 


1904 


$16,341,116,634 

140, 663, 575 
235,802,964 
365,716,678 
134,981,702 
140, 238, 713 

113, 493, 556 
116,496,603 
109,348,007 

120,486,355 
115,290,377 

187, 167, 188 

90,696,932 

96,821,995 

149,640,465 

598, 770, 236 

213,088,053 
688,189,883 
1,082,715,968 
192,097,264 
165, 108, 539 

142,021,832 
386,361,866 
980,546,617 
61,627,700 
250,296,374 

180, 427, 167 
338,480,960 
793,810,129 
54,859,987 
141,730,982 

106,349,811 
248,435,331 

111,493,887 
232,539,969 

516, 400, 736 

134,495,867 

1,215,428,015 

167, 405, 650 

255,895,127 

277, 102, 771 

363,283,846 

4, 425, 406, 968 


$10,904,069,307 

105,325,880 
26,454,851 

210,493,693 
89,004,043 
86, 595, 177 

61,309,638 
78,308,836 
96,894,926 

109,079,572 
66,786,129 


46,168,946 
52,802,483 
80,398,170 
417,926,307 

133,777,339 
429,736,098 
724,924,320 
128,051,459 
123,788,392 


226, 518, 168 
666,630,620 
39,869,146 
168, 736, 461 

116,399,668 
263, 219, 137 
536,795,071 


93,817,578 

75,473,279 
160,665,695 

81,831,451 
169,548,502 

368,729,392 
92, 403, 120 
793,971,346 
185,366,977 

223,864,504 

188,186,069 

239,816,937 

3,136,410,027 


Per  cent  of 
total. 


1909 


79.0 

96.1 
94.6 
71.3 
90.0 
36.3 

41.3 
7H.2 
68.4 

97.4 
98.0 

32.9 
23.6 
71.8 
74.9 
96.3 

96.3 
66.6 
88.1 
80.1 
99.0 

71.0 
98.7 
99.6 
58.8 
76.3 

88.1 
90.3 
68.7 
48.5 
95.8 

86.2 
92.8 

78.5 
98.1 

70.0 
68.3 
88.7 
100.0 

91.6 
66.5 
83.3 
82.8 


1904 


73.7 

94.0 
88.1 
68.8 
86.9 
32.1 

36.5 
60. 0' 
62.2 

98.1 
87.5 


18.6 
60.6 
67.0 

92.8 

95.0 
60.3 
82.3 
72.0 
98.9 


97.7 
98.9 
48.6 


97.3 
83.1 


69.7 
96.9 

66.7 
69.3 
86.1 


80.7 
56.8 
75.1 
83.3 


Proportion  of  business  done  by  corporations,  by 
states :  1909  and  1904.— Table  22  shows,  for  the  geo- 
graphic divisions  and  for  each  state,  the  number  of 
manufacturing  estabhshments  operated  by  corpora- 
tions in  1909  and  1904,  and  the  percentage  which  they 
represent  of  the  entire  number  of  estabhshments; 


also  the  value  of  the  manufactured  products  made  in 
estabhshments  under  corporate  ownership,  and  the 
percentage  which  this  represents  of  the  total  value. 
The  figures  as  to  total  value  for  each  of  the  states,  on 
which  the  percentages  are  based,  will  be  found  in 
Table  111. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


Table  22 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


ITnlted  States . . . 
QEOGEAPmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 

West  North  Central. 

South  A  tlantic 

East  South  Central. 

West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Paciflc 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  .\  tlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Bast  Noeth  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  Nortu  Centkal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centr.u.: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona .' 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS. 


Total. 


1909 


868,481 


25,351 
81,315 
60,013 
27,171 
28,088 
15,381 
12,339 
6,254 
13,579 


3,546 
1,961 
1,958 
11,684 
1,951 
4,251 

44,935 
8,817 
27,563 

15,138 
7,960 

18,026 
9,159 
9,721 

5,661 
5,628 
8,376 
752 
1,020 
2,500 
3,435 

726 
4,837 

518 
5,685 
2,586 
4,931 
1,854 
4,792 
2,159 

4,776 
4,609 
3,398 
2,598 

2,925 
2,516 
2,310 
4,588 

677 
725 
268 
2,034 
313 
311 
749 
177 

3,674 
2,246 
7,659 


1904 


216,180 


22,279 
67,699 
51,754 
21,492 
19,564 
10,311 
8,279 
3,610 
11,192 


3,145 
1,618 
1,699 
10,723 
1,617 
3,477 

37,194 

7,010 

23,496 

13,786 
7,044 

14,921 
7,440 
8,558 

4,766 

4,785 

«6,464 

507 

686 

1,819 

2,475 

631 
3,852 

482 
3,187 
2,109 
3,272 
1,399 
3,219 
1,413 

3,734 
3,175 
1,882 
1,520 

1,907 
2,091 
1,123 
3,158 

382 
364 
169 
1,606 
199 
169 
606 

lis 

2,751 
1,602 
6,839 


Operated  by  corporations. 


Number. 


1909 


69,601 

7,300 
17,785 
17,755 
6,649 
6,765 
3,558 
3,403 
1,743 
4,543 


861 
424 
372 

3,483 
669 

1,501 

9,345 
2,660 
6,880 

5,123 
2,363 
6,209 
2,638 
2,422 

1,326 
1,317 
2,447 
133 
216 
487 
723 

202 
873 
122 

1,099 
813 

1,339 
564 

1,252 
501 

1,147 

1,068 

788 

555 

640 

910 

501 

1,352 

203 
200 
»68 
698 
»96 
1122 
294 
'70 

1,444 

640 

2,459 


1904 


61,097 


5,572 
12,460 
14,093 
4,816 
4,820 
2,672 
2,298 
1,114 
,  3,252 


671 
338 
309 

2,555 
512 

1,187 

0,086 
1,834 
4,640 

4,008 
1,915 
4,145 
2,044 
1,981 

922 

1,041 

1,847 

81 

112 

359 

454 

>  160 
650 
91 
702 
638 
879 
464 
931 

>308 


785 
578 
447 

518 

700 

1242 

839 

118 
105 
155 
•478 
153 

71 
203 

34 

926 

409 

1,917 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1909         1904 


85.9 


28.8 
21.9 
29.6 
24.5 
24.1 
23.1 
27.6 
33.3 
33.5 


24.3 
21.6 
19.0 
29.8 
33.8 
35.3 

20.8 
29.0 
21.3 

33.8 
29.7 
28.9 
28.8 
24.9 

23.8 
23.8 
29.2 
17.7 
21.2 
19.5 
21.0 

27.8 
18.0 
23.6 
19.3 
31.4 
27.2 
30.4 
26.1 
23.2 

24.0 
23.2 
23.2 
21.4 

21.9 
36.2 
21.7 
29.5 

30.0 
27.6 
25.0 
34.3 
30.4 
38.6 
39.3 
37.3 

39.3 
28.5 
32.1 


28.6 


25.0 
18.4 
27.2 
22.4 
24.7 
25.9 
27.8 
30.9 
29.1 


21.3 
20.9 
18.2 
23.8 
31.7 
34.1 

16.4 
26.2 
19.3 

29.1 
27.2 
27.8 
27.4 
23.1 

19.4 
21.8 
28.0 
16.0 
16.3 
19.7 
18.3 

25.0 
16.9 
18.9 
22.0 
30.3 
26.9 
33.2 
28.9 
21.7 

23.1 
24.7 
30.7 
29.4 

27.2 
33.5 
21.6 
26.6 

30.9 
28.8 
32.0 
29.8 
25.6 
42.0 
33.5 
29.6 

33.7 
25.5 
28.0 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS  OPERATED 
BY  CORPORATIONS. 


1909 


$16,341,116,634 


2, 173, 

5,133, 

4,434, 

1,513, 

1,059, 

494, 

509, 

328, 

695, 


136, 156 
126,642 
42,641 
1,182,935 
243,426, 
441,267, 

2,108,026. 

971,904 

2,063,458, 

1,249,778 
495,570, 

1,646,518, 
571,102 
471,360, 

330,924 
189, 182 
508,761 
13,586, 
9,870 
175,621 
285,637 

36,071 
207,102 

16,544 
163,780 
140,385 
182, 140, 
102,403 
165,057 

45,815 

178,650, 
133,750 
123,502 
58,719 

55,585 
183,303; 

39,390; 
231,059; 

68,458 
16,982 
14,664 

116,991 
16,253 

148,305 
56,234 

110,761 

185,171 
70,781 
439,064 


1904 


$10,904,069,307 


1,509, 

3,417, 

2,913, 

1,044, 

701, 

349, 

315, 

230, 

423, 


101,575 
88, 159; 
36,373 

810,543 

158,322; 

314,484; 

1,396,924 

617,236 

1,403,081 

777,392 
317,481 
1,179,028; 
328,185 
310,912, 

234,013 
116,246 
379,405 

5,146; 

6,003 
138,623 
164,565 

128,921 
147,744 

10, 150 
109,546 

78,951 
113,516 

70,493 
114,976; 
127,239, 

117,046; 
97,285 
92,725 
42,169 

38,724 
138,977; 
1  17,401 
120, 133 

63,369 
6, 136, 
12,751 
89,377 
1  4,645 
27,135 
34,765 
2,220, 

103,215 

40,034 

280, 742 


79.0 


1  Includes  establishments  operated  under  other  forms  of  ownership,  to  avoid  disclosing  individual  operations.    There  were  eight  of  these  establishments  in  1909 
and  seven  in  1904  which  were  included  in  the  total  for  geographic  divisions  but  are  not  included  in  the  total  for  the  United  States. 


464 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  22  shows  that  in  most  of  the  states  in  1909 
the  number  of  manufacturing  establishments  owned 
by  corporations  represented  between  one-fifth  and 
one-third  of  the  total  number  of  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. Vermont,  North  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Maiy- 
land,  and  Virginia  were  the  only  states  in  which  less 
than  one-fifth  of  the  establishments  were  owned  by 
corporations,  and  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Ohio, 
Ijouisiana,  and  five  states  in  the  western  part  of 
the  country  were  the  only  ones  in  which  over  one- 
third  were  under  this  form  of  ownership.  In  a 
large  majority  of  the  states  the  proportion  of  es- 
tablishments operated  by  corporations  was  larger  in 
1909  than  in  1904,  the  exceptions  being  Nebraska, 
Virginia,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Ala- 
bama, Mississippi,  Arkansas,  Montana,  Idaho,  Wyo- 
ming, and  Arizona. 

In  most  of  the  states  between  three-fifths  and  nine- 
tenths  of  the  total  value  of  manufactured  products  in 
1909  was  reported  by  estabHshments  under  corporate 


ownership.  The  only  state  in  which  the  proportion 
was  less  than  three-fifths  was  South  Dakota,  while  in 
Connecticut,  South  Carolina,  Montana,  Colorado,  Ari- 
zona, Utah,  and  Nevada  the  proportion  was  nine- 
tenths  or  more.  Among  the  great  manufacturing 
states.  New  York  is  conspiciious  for  the  comparatively 
small  proportion,  62.6  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  its  prod- 
ucts contributed  by  this  class  of  establishments.  In 
almost  every  state  a  larger  percentage  of  the  total 
value  of  products  was  reported  by  such  establishments 
in  1909  than  in  1904,  thus  indicating  that  the  tendency 
toward  the  incorporation  of  manufacturing  concerns, 
particularly  the  larger  concerns,  is  general  and  to  a 
considerable  degree  independent  of  variations  in  state 
legislation  regarding  corporations.  The  only  states  in 
which  the  proportion  of  the  total  value  produced  by 
corporations  was  less  in  1909  than  in  1904  are  Nebraska, 
Delaware,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Montana,  Wyoming, 
New  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  and  the  difference  in  each 
case  was  slight. 


SIZE   OF   ESTABLISHMENTS. 


Summary  for  United  States. — The  tendency  for 
manufacturing  to  become  concentrated  in  large  estab- 
lishments, or  the  reverse,  is  a  matter  of  interest  from 
the  standpoint  of  industrial  organization.  In  order 
to  throw  some  light  upon  it,  Table  23  groups  the 
establishments  in  all  industries  combined  according 
to  the  value  of  their  products,  and  shows  for  each 
group,  for  1909  and  1904,  the  number  of  wage  earners, 
value  of  products,  and  value  added  by  manufacture, 
together  with  the  percentage  of  the  respective  totals 
represented  by  each  group.  It  also  gives  the  average 
size  of  establishments  as  measured  by  these  three 
items;  the  changes  in  this  average  are,  however,  much 
less  significant  than  the  changes  in  the  percentages 
for  the  several  groups. 

Of  the  268,491  establishments  reported  as  engaged 
in  manufacturing  industries  in  1909,  there  were  3,060, 
or  1.1  per  cent,  whose  products  were  valued  at  more 
than  $1,000,000  each.  The  corresponding  figures  for 
1904  were  1,900  establishments  out  of  216,180,  or 
nine-tenths  of  1  per  cent.  While  these  establishments 
represented  a  comparatively  small  proportion  of  the 
total  number  of  establishments,  they  gave  employment 
to  a  much  larger  proportion  of  all  the  wage  earners 
reported,  namely,  30.5  per  cent  in  1909  and  25.6  per 
cent  in  1904.  The  value  of  products  of  such  estab- 
lishments represented  43.8  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  products  in  1909  and  38  per  cent  in  1904. 

The  %ures  indicate  that  establishments  of  this  class 
produced  a  considerably  larger  proportion  of  the  manu- 
factures of  the  country  in  1909  than  in  1904.  It 
should  be  noted  that  the  increased  proportion  is  due 
partly  to  the  fact  that  certain  establishments  included 
in  the  other  groups  in  1904  were  included  in  this  group 
in  1909  as  the  result  of  an  increase  in  the  value  of 
their  output. 


Table  23 

VALUE  OF  PEODUCTS. 

Number 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Average 
number 
of  wage 
earners. 

Value  of 
products. 

Value  added 
bv  manu- 
facture. 

All  classes: 

1909 

268,491 
216,180 

93,349 
71,147 

86,988 
72,791 

57,270 
48,096 

27,824 
22,246 

3,060 
1,900 

6,616,046 
5,468,383 

$20,672,051,870 
14,793,902,563 

$8,529,260,992 
6,293,694,753 

1904 

Less  than  $5,000: 

1909 

142,430 
106,353 

470,006 
419,466 

1,090,449 
1,027,047 

2,896,532 
2,515,064 

2,015,629 
1,400,453 

222,463,847 
176,128,212 

904,645,664 
751,047,759 

2,544,426,711 
2,129,257,883 

7,946,935,255 
6,109,012,538 

9,053,580,393 
5,628,456,171 

144,246,008 
114,781,124 

509,907,934 
424,129,643 

1,258,317,991 
1,090,271,887 

3,572,746.038 
2,782,641,883 

3,044,043,021 
1,881,870,216 

1904 

$5,000  and  less  tlwn  $20,000: 
1909 

1904 

$20,000    and    less    than 
$100,000: 
1909 

1904 

$100,000    and    less    than 
81,000,000: 
1909 

1904 

$1,000,000  and  over: 

1909 

1904 

Per  cent  of  total: 
1909 

100.0 
100.0 

34.8 
32.9 

32.4 
33.7 

21.3 
22.2 

10.4 
10.3 

1.1 
0.9 

100.0 
100. 0 

2.2 
1.9 

7.1 

7.7 

16.5 
18.8 

43.8 
46.0 

30.5 
25.6 

25 
25 

100.0 
100.0 

1.1 
1.2 

4.4 
5.1 

12.3 
14.4 

38.4 
41.3 

43.8 
38.0 

$76  993 

100  0 

1904 

100.0 
1  7 

Less  than  $5,000: 

1909 

1904...   . 

1.8 
6  0 

$5,000  and  lessthan  $20,000 : 
1909 

1904 

6  7 

$20,000    and    less    than 
$100,000: 
1909 

14  8 

1904 

$100,000    and    less    than 
$1,000,000: 
1909 

41  9 

1904 

44  2 

$1,000,000  and  over: 
1909 

35  7 

1904 

Average  per  estab- 
lishment: 
1909 

«11    7ft7 

1904 

68  433                   "^  '1' 

' 

In  1909  establishments  with  a  product  valued  be- 
tween $100,000  and  $1,000,000,  gave  employment  to 
43.8  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners,  and  the  value  of  their 
products  formed  38.4  per  cent  of  the  total.  Establish- 
ments with  a  product  valued  between  $20,000  and 
$100,000  gave  employment  to  about  one-sixth  of  the 
wage  earners,  and  the  value  of  their  i)roducts  formed 
about  one-eighth  of  the  total.    The  establishments  which 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


465 


had  a  product  valued  between  $5,000  and  $20,000,  con- 
stituted about  one-third  of  the  whole  number,  but  gave 
employment  to  only  7.1  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners, 
and  the  value  of  their  products  formed  only  4.4  per  cent 
of  the  total.  Establishments  that  had  a  product  in 
1909  valued  at  less  than  $5,000  also  formed  about  one- 
third  of  the  total  number,  but  they  gave  employment  to 
only  2.2  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  and  turned  out 
products  whose  value  amounted  to  only  1.1  per  cent 
of  the  total.  In  this  class  of  establishments  a  large 
proportion  of  the  work  was  done  by  the  proprietors 
and  firm  members. 

Of  the  five  classes  designated,  the  class  of  establish- 
ments with  products  valued  at  $1,000,000  or  over  is 
the  only  one  that  reported  a  larger  proportion  of  the 
total  value  of  products  in  1909  than  in  1904,  every 
other  class  having  lost  relatively.  The  same  state- 
ment is  true  as  to  the  number  of  wage  earners,  except 
that  the  establishments  of  smallest  size,  as  well  as 
those  of  lai^est  size,  have  gained  somewhat  in  their 
proportion  of  the  total  number  employed. 


During  the  five  years  1904-1909  the  average  value 
of  products  per  establishment  increased  from  $68,433 
to  $76,993,  and  the  average  value  added  by  manu- 
facture from  $29,113  to  $31,767.  These  changes  can 
scarcely  be  taken  as  in  themselves  indicating  a  tend- 
ency toward  concentration,  as  the  increased  values 
shown  are  due  in  part  to  the  increase  that  has  taken 
place  in  the  prices  of  commodities.  The  average  num- 
ber of  wage  earners  per  establishment  was  the  same  at 
the  two  censuses,  namely,  25. 

Relative  importance  of  large  establishments  in  the 
principal  industries:  1909  and  1904. — The  following 
table  shows  for  the  principal  industries  of  the  United 
States,  for  1909  and  1904,  the  number  of  estab- 
lishments manufacturing  products  to  the  value  of 
$1,000,000  or  more,  and  the  percentage  which  such 
establishments  represent  .of  the  total  number  of  estab- 
lishments; also  the  value  of  products  made  by  estab- 
lishments of  tliis  class  and  the  proportion  which  that 
value  represents  of  the  total  for  all  establishments  in 
the  industry. 


Table  24 


All  indattriei 

Agricultural  Implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products'. 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  steam- 
railroad  companies 

Cars,  steam-rauroad,  not  Including  operations  of  railroad  com- 
panies  

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  comiwunds  and  druggists'  preparations. 
Petroleum,  refining 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 

All  other  industries 


mmBKB  or  KSTABUSHMEirTS. 


ToUI. 


IMW 


968,401 

640 

743 

1,918 

1,021 

23,926 

8,470 
3,767 
6,492 

1,145 

110 

349 
6,354 
4,558 
1,944 
4,228 

1,324 
1,009 
11,691 
13,253 
3,155 

1,296 

1,374 

208 

446 

919 

613 

1,414 

40,671 

817 

791 

777 

3,642 

147 

31,445 

852 

1,641 

38 

28 

15,822 

985 

69,459 


1904 


n6,180 

648 

178 

1,895 

813 

18,226 

8,926 
3,168 
5,588 

1,140 

73 

275 
5,145 
3,351 
1,348 
2,540 

1,154 

784 

10,051 

10,765 

2,593 

1,019 

1,144 

190 

415 

1,049 

805 

1,530 

25,153 

715 

639 

761 

2,777 


27,793 

624 

1,221 

40 

32 

16,827 

1,074 

53,613 


Reporting  products  valued  at 
$1,000,000  or  over. 


Number.       Per  cent  of  total. 


IMW 


8,060 

34 
56 
135 
24 
21 

9 
13 
13 

94 

25 

31 
84 
22 
12 
27 

163 
31 
138 
180 
11 

28 
25 
86 
186 

78 

39 
67 
72 
17 

26 
50 
19 
35 

74 
37 
166 
32 

21 
64 
86 
729 


1904 


1,900 

27 

10 

>62 

«17 

14 

(») 
4 
8 

68 

25 

18 
58 
11 
5 
16 

99 
TTi 
87 
111 
8 

24 

11 

49 

131 


22 

46 

»26 

9 

16 

30 

»14 

19 

>43 

23 

•110 

31 

18 
43 
63 
455 


1909 


1.1 

5.3 
7.5 
7.0 
2.4 
0.1 

0.1 
0.3 
0.2 

8.2 

22.7 

8.9 
1.3 
0.5 
0.6 
0.6 

12.3 
3.1 
1.2 
1.4 
0.3 

2.2 

1.8 

41.3 

41.7 

8.5 

6.4 
4.7 
0.2 
2.1 

3.3 

6.4 

0.5 

23.8 

0.2 

4.3 

10.1 

84.2 

75.0 
0.4 
8.7 
1.0 


1904 


0.9 

4.2 
6.6 
3.3 
2.1 
0.1 


0.1 
0.1 

6.0 

34.2 

6.5 
LI 
0.3 
0.4 
0.6 

8.6 
2.8 
0.9 
1.0 
0.3 

2.4 

1.0 

25.8 

31.6 

4.6 

2.7 
3.0 
0.1 
L3 

2.5 
3.9 
0.5 
19.4 

0.2 
3.7 
9.0 
77.5 

66.2 
0.3 
5.9 
0.8 


VALUK  OF  PBODUCTS  OF  ESTABUSHUENTS  SEPOBT> 

ma  PBODUCTS  valued  at  $1,000,000  ob  oveb. 


Amount. 


1909 


$8,063,580,393 

94,138,206 
170,386,862 
244,547,642 
85,947,143 
36,385,586 

11,933,853 
23,468,494 
23,926,135 

189,111,816 

99,841,717 

70,806,560 
167,971,252 
30,612,144 
18,998,220 
44,988,549 

332,345,643 
126,375,340 
319,047,659 
356,015,899 
20,070,913 

%,  395, 457 

37,125,550 

335,992,823 

896,764,339 

157,911,458 

148,433,755 
138,046,347 
103,756,410 
35,974,829 

44, 109, 139 

93,580,398 

33,632,561 

208,671,648 

137,082,261 

68,579,806 

1,176,461,413 

375,135,093 

166,045,144 

203,894,122 

248,343,985 

1,880,724,222 


1904 


$5,628,466,171 

58,479,820 

13,995,669 

»  119,079,802 

'51,736,503 

23,083,467 

0) 

5,627,911 
13,957,216 

125,671,900 

98,706,346 

36,296,917 
101,380,521 
14,037,712 
7,733,842 
25,257,976 

197,881,132 
85,154,294 
202,952,454 
193,749,471 
12,523,557 

73,898,211 
15,018,710 
173,321,243 
570,175,787 
91,557,225 

101,537,912 
84,069,197 

'35,550,164 
21,351,063 

29,873,089 

47,301,706 

'26,851,722 

154,549,485 

'82,419,052 

39,778,944 

'773,222,035 

238,328,190 

181,011,667 

123,000,821 

135,993,881 

1,242,336,558 


PercentoftotaL 


1900 


43.8 

64.3 
68.4 
47.7 
57.3 
9.2 

4.3 
14.9 
15.0 

46.6 

80.7 

60.2 
29.6 
8.0 
14.1 
22.5 

52.9 
57.1 
36.1 
29.0 
8.4 

57.8 
18.6 
85.8 
91.0 
48.2 

72.5 

36.8 

9.0 

24.3 

35.3 
35.0 
23.7 
88.0 

18.6 
34.8 
85.8 
99.0 

99.2 
48.9 
57.0 
37.2 


1904 


88.0 

52.2 
46.0 
33.3 
50.5 
8.6 


4.3 

9.0 

40.6 

88.8 

48.3 
24.9 
5.7 
8.9 
21.1 

43.9 
60.5 
28.5 
22.0 
7.0 

69.0 
11.0 
74.8 
84.6 
36.3 

77.4 

28.2 

4.0 

22.1 

32.9 
25.1 
22.9 
88.3 

14.9 
29.8 
83.9 
99.0 

97.4 
37.1 
42.6 
33.9 


1  The  statistics  for  three  establishments  omitted,  to  avoid  the  disclosure  of  individual  operations. 
'  The  statistics  for  two  establishments  omitted,  to  avoid  the  disclosure  of  individual  operations. 
>  The  statistics  for  one  establishment  omitted,  to  avoid  the  disclosure  of  individual  operations. 


72497°— 13- 


-30  + 


466 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


The  total  value  of  products  for  each  industry  as  a 
whole,  from  which  the  percentages  in  the  last  two  col- 
umns are  calculated,  appears  in  Table  110.  Three 
important  industries,  the  manufacture  of  leather 
goods,  marble  and  stone  work,  and  sugar  and  molasses, 
are  not  shown  in  the  table  in  order  to  avoid  the  dis- 
closure of  individual  operations. 

While  the  gross  value  of  products  is  in  some  respects 
not  the  best  criterion  of  the  relative  importance  of 
different  industries  or  of  different  states  or  sections  in 
respect  to  manufacturing  business,  it  is  a  fairly  satis- 
factory standard  for  comparing  different  classes  of 
estabhshments  within-  the  same  industry.  Table  24 
shows,  as  might  be  expected,  exceedingly  wide  varia- 
tion among  the  different  industries  in  respect  to  the 
proportion  of  large  establishments,  and  in  respect  to 
the  proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products  which  is 
reported  by  such  estabhshments.  The  industry  in 
which  estabhshments  reporting  products  to  the  value 
of  $1,000,000  or  more  constitute  the  largest  propor- 
tion of  the  total  number  of  establishments  is  the 
smelting  and  refining  of  copper,  followed,  in  order,  by 
the  smelting  and  refining  of  lead,  steel  works  and  rolling 
mills,  blast  furnaces,  the  refining  of  petroleum,  and  the 
construction  of  steam-railroad  cars.  In  each  of  these 
industries  in  1909  establishments  of  this  class  consti- 
tuted more  than  one-fifth  of  the  total  number,  and  in  the 
smelting  and  refining  of  copper  they  constituted  about 
five-sixths  of  the  total.  In  these  industries,  moreover, 
estabhshments  of  this*size  reported  exceptionally  high 
proportions  of  the  total  value  of  products.  The  smelt- 
ing and  refining  of  lead  and  of  copper  ranked  highest  in 
this  respect,  with  99.2  and  99  per  cent,  respectively,  of 
the  total  value  of  products  reported  by  establishments 
with  a  value  of  products  above  $1,000,000.  The  slaugh- 
tering and  meat-packing  industry,  also,  though  its  pro- 
portion of  large  establishments  is  not  conspicuously 
high,  shows  a  very  high  proportion  of  the  total  value 
of  products,  85.8  per  cent,  reported  from  such  estab- 
lishments. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  are  a  number  of  industries 
in  which  the  smaller  estabhshments  predominate  and 
in  which  only  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  total 
value  of  products  is  contributed  by  establishments 
manufacturing  products  to  the  value  of  $1,000,000  or 
more.  In  the  bakery,  butter,  cheese,  and  condensed- 
milk,  women's  clothing,  furniture,  and  lumber  indus- 
tries the  proportion  of  the  total  value  of  products 
reported  by  such  estabhshments  is  less  than  10  per 
cent,  and  there  are  several  other  industries  of  impor- 
tance in  which  the  proportion  is  less  than  20  per  cent. 

In  practically  every  industry  named  in  the  table  the 
number  of  estabhshments  manufacturing  products  to 
the  value  of  $1,000,000  or  more  increased  materially 


from  1904  to  1909,  and  constituted  a  larger  proportion 
of  the  total  number  of  estabhshments  in  the  later  year 
than  in  the  earher.  In  the  same  way  the  value  of  the 
products  of  such  establishments  in  nearly  every  indus- 
try constituted  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  value 
in  1909  than  in  1904,  the  only  exceptions  being  in 
the  manufacture  of  electrical  machinery,  apparatus, 
and  supplies,  the  construction  of  railroad  cars,  the 
illuminating-gas  industry,  the  distillery  industry,  and 
the  refining  of  petroleum. 

Relative  importance  of  large  establisliineiits,  by- 
states  :  1909  and  1904. — Table  25  presents,  by  states 
grouped  according  to  geographic  divisions,  statistics 
showing  the  relative  importance  of  the  establishments 
having  a  product  valued  at  $1,000,000  or  over  for 
the  census  years  1909  and  1904.  Certain  states  are 
not  shown  separately,  as  to  do  so  would  disclose  indi- 
vidual operations. 

The  differences  among  the  several  states  with  re- 
spect to  the  extent  to  which  manufacturing  is  carried 
on  in  large  establishments  are  dependent  in  part  upon 
the  character  of  the  industries  predominant  in  each 
state.  It  also  depends  in  part  upon  the  degree  to 
which  those  industries  have  been  developed;  in  those 
states  in  which  manufactures  are  extensive  the  large 
estabhshments  are  likely,  other  conditions  being  equal, 
to  do  a  greater  proportion  of  the  manufacturing  than  in 
states  where  manufactures  are  relatively  unimportant. 

The  state  in  which  establishments  manufacturing 
products  to  the  value  of  $1,000,000  or  more  represented 
the  largest  proportion  of  the  total  number  of  estab- 
lishments in  1909  was  Rhode  Island,  with  3.5  per  cent, 
followed  by  Arizona  and  Massachusetts,  in  the  order 
named.  The  proportion  in  New  York,  the  leading  man- 
ufacturing state,  was  comparatively  low,  1  per  cent. 
There  are  several  states  in  which  such  establishments 
represented  only  a  small  fraction  of  1  per  cent  of  the 
total  number. 

In  most  of  the  states  the  large  establishments  con- 
tributed a  very  considerable  proportion  of  the  entire 
value  of  manufactured  products.  The  state  in  which 
this  proportion  was  the  highest  in  1909  is  Arizona, 
with  84.1  per  cent,  followed  by  Nebraska,  Montana, 
Kansas,  New  Jersey,  Illinois,  Utah,  and  Pennsylva- 
nia, in  each  of  which  states  the  products  of  establish- 
ments of  this  class  represented  more  than  one-half 
of  the  total  value.  The  predominance  of  the  smelting 
and  refining  of  copper  and  lead  in  the  Mountain  states 
named,  of  the  slaughtering  and  meat-packing  industry 
in  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  of  the  slaughtering  and  the 
iron  and  steel  industries  in  Illinois,  of  the  iron  and  steel 
industry  in  Pennsylvania,  and  of  the  smelting  and  refin- 
ing of  copper  and  the  refining  of  petroleum  in  New 
Jersey  serve  in  a  large  measure  to  explain  these  high 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


467 


percentages.  In  New  York,  the  most  important  manu- 
facturing state,  37  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
was  reported  by  establishments  of  the  class  under  con- 
sideration, this  comparatively  low  percentage  being 
the  result  in  part  of  the  great  magnitude  in  that  state 


of  the  clothing  industries,  which  are  mostly  conducted 
in  small  establishments.  Of  the  states  given  in  the 
table  those  in  which  the  proportion  of  the  total  value 
of  products  reported  by  large  establishments  is  less  than 
10  per  cent  are  Oklahoma,  Arkansas,  and  Florida. 


Table  25 


United  States 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Meissacliusetts 

Rliode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nokth  Centkal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Centbal: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Centkal: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

MOtJNTAIN: 

Montana 

Colorado 

Arizona 

Utah 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

All  other  states  ' 


numbeb  or  establishments. 


ToUl. 


1909 


868,491 


3,546 
1,961 
1,958 
11,684 
1,951 
4,251 


44,935 
8,817 
27,563 


15,138 
7,969 

18,026 
9,159 
9,721 


6,S«1 
6,528 
8,875 
2,500 
3,435 


726 
4,837 

518 
5,685 
2,586 
4,931 
1,854 
4,792 
2,159 


4,776 
4,609 
3,398 


2,925 
2,516 
2,310 
4,688 


677 

2,034 

311 

7« 


3,674 
2,246 
7,659 

5,853 


1904 


816,180 


3,145 
1,618 
1,699 
10,723 
1,617 
3,477 


37, 194 
7,010 
23,495 


13,785 
7,044 

14,921 
7,446 
8,658 


4,756 
4,785 
6,464 
1,819 
2,476 


631 
3,852 

482 
3,187 
2,109 
3,272 
1,309 
3,219 
1,413 


3,734 
3,175 
1,882 


1,907 
2,091 
1,123 
3,158 


382 

1,606 

169 

606 


2,751 

1,602 
6,839 

3,560 


Reporting  products  valued  at 
$1,000,000  or  over. 


Number. 


1«H> 


S,060 


25 
34 
4 
293 
69 
93 


470 
194 
400 


245 
92 
273 


1904 


1,900 


17 
20 
6 
191 
41 
65 


294 
121 
284 


136 
45 

168 
41 
58 


0) 


(') 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1909 


1.1 


0.7 
1.7 
0.2 
2.5 
3.5 
2.2 


1.0 
2.2 
1.5 


1.6 
1.2 
1.5 
1.0 
0.9 


1.2 
0.5 
1.1 
0.7 
1.0 


1.0 
0.8 
0.6 
0.5 
1.3 
0.4 
0.9 
0.4 
0.2 


0.6 
0.4 
0.6 


0.1 
0.9 
0.2 
0.8 


0.9 
1.0 
2.9 
0.9 


0.5 
0.4 
0.9 


1904 


0.9 


0.5 
1.2 
0.4 
1.8 
2.5 
1.9 


0.8 
1.7 
1.2 


1.0 
0.6 
1.1 
0.6 
0.7 


0.8 
0.2 
1.1 
0.5 
0.8 


1.4 

0.9 


0.5 
0.7 
0.3 
0.9 
0.3 


0.6 
0.3 
0.7 


0.5 


1.6 
1.0 
4.1 

0.8 


0.5 
0.3 
0.5 

0.2 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  ESTABUSHMENTS  REPOETINQ 
PRODUCTS  VALUED  AT  $1,000,000  OB  OVER. 


Amount. 


1909 


9,063,580,393 


57,250,905 
80,784,016 
7,195,281 
719,811,362 
135,285,205 
241,562,058 


1,245,968,072 

649,848,742 

1,331,111,312 


666,243,771 
272,679,094 
1,078,746,101 
258,341,090 
228,084,707 


198,507,729 
95,585,315 
271,595,930 
137, 133, 162 
204,385,280 


16,892,803 
124,580,041 
5,012,734 
69,124,982 
62,481,895 
58,6f.8,316 
24,887,094 
34,054,085 
4,450,609 


62,164,920 
30,567,045 
42,048,999 


6,443,573 

75,417,505 

4,884,270 

102,054,306 


49,871,216 
58,645,700 
42,276,901 
33, 100, 176 


42,379,727 

14,398,817 

202,103,929 

17,938,958 


1904 


19,628,466,171 


32,815,822 
45,309,594 
8,475,059 

458,142,511 
80,055,916 

157,691,418 


816,099,837 
384,853,547 
901,539,525 


331,726,477 
134,974,371 
755,157,-389 
100, 138, 409 
124,948,292 


132,541,419 
41,089,284 
189,330,754 
110,013,438 
114,177,287 


13,711,604 
95,606,842 

(■) 
34,071,439 
25, 154, 989 
30,411,050 
17,817,006 
20,604,194 


38,590,336 
18,796,261 
25,070,580 


54, 118, 186 


39,030,054 


52,545,498 
60,670,463 
22,761,981 
20,978,066 


28,001,570 

7,873,317 

105,272,449 

8,162,677 


Per  cent  of  total. 


1909 


43.8 


32.5 
49.1 
10.5 
48.3 
48.3 
49.3 


37.0 
56.7 
50.7 


46.3 
47.1 

56.2 
37.7 
38.6 


48.5 
36.9 
47.3 
68.9 
62.9 


32.0 
39.5 
19.8 
26.9 
38.6 
27.1 
22.0 
16.8 
6.1 


27.8 
17.0 


7.3 
33.7 

9.1 
37.4 


68.1 
45.1 
84.1 
53.4 


19.2 
15.5 
38.2 

10.8 


1904 


88.0 


22.8 
36.7 
13.4 
40.8 
39.6 
42.7 


32.8 
49.7 
46.1 


34.5 
34.3 
53.5 
23.3 
30.4 


43.1 
25.6 
43.1 
71.0 
57.6 


33.3 
39.3 


22.9 
25.4 
21.3 
22.4 
13.7 


24.2 
13.6 
23.0 


29.0 
'26.' 9 


79.1 
50.6 
81.0 
53.9 


21.7 
14.2 
28.7 

8.0 


>  Excluded  to  avoid  disclosures  of  individual  establishments,  but  Included  in  the  total  for  the  United  States. 

»  All  other  states  embrace  Idaho,  Mississippi,  Nevada,  North  Dakota,  and  Wyoming  in  1909  and  Arkansas,  District  of  Columbia,  Mississippi,  and  New  Mexico  in  1904. 


In  a  large  majority  of  the  states,  establishments 
manufacturing  products  to  the  value  of  $1,000,000  or 
more  represented  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total 
number  of  establishments  in  1909  than  in  1904,  and 
reported  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  value  of 


products  in  the  later  year  than  in  the  earlier.  The 
only  states  where  this  was  not  true  with  respect  to 
the  value  of  products  are  Vermont,  Delaware,  South 
Carolina,  Nebraska,  Montana,  Colorado,  Utah,  and 
Washington. 


468 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Establishments  grouped  according  to  number  of  wage 
earners:  1909.— In  some  respects,  and  especially  from 
the  standpoint  of  conditions  under  which  persons  en- 
gaged in  manufactures  work,  the  best  classification 
of  establishments  to  bring  out  the  feature  of  size  is  a 
classification  according  to  the  number  of  wage  earners 
employed,  which  is  shown  by  Table  26. 


Table  26 


ISIABUaHllXMTS  BMPLOTIKCI — 


Total 

No  wage  earners 

1  to  5  wage  earners 

6  to  20  wage  earners 

21  to  50  wage  earners 

61  to  100  wage  earners. . . 
101  to  250  wage  earners. . 
251  to  500  wage  earners . . 
601  to  1,000  wage  earners 
Over  1,000  wage  earners. 


KSTABUSHMENTS,  WAGE  EARNERS,  AND 
PER  CENT  or  TOTAL. 


Number 
of  estab- 
lishments. 


2S8,491 

27,712 

136,289 

57,198 

23,544 

10.964 

8,116 

2,905 

1,223 

540 


Average 

number  of 

wage 

earners. 


6,615,046 


311,704 

640,793 

764,408 

782, 298 

1,258,639 

1,006,457 

837, 473 

1,013,274 


Per  cent  of 
total. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


100.0 

10.3 

50.8 

21.3 

8.8 

4.1 

3.0 

1.1 

0.5 

0.2 


Wage 
earners. 


100.0 


4.7 
9.7 
11.6 
11.8 
19.0 
15.2 
12.7 
15.3 


Of  the  268,491  establishments  reported  for  all  in- 
dustries, 10.3  per  cent  employed  no  wage  earners;  50.8 
per  cent,  from  1  to  5;  21.3  per  cent,  6  to  20;  and  8.8 
per  cent,  21  to  50.  The  most  numerous  single  group 
consists  of  the  136,289  establishments  employing  from 
1  to  5  wage  earners,  and  the  next  of  the  57,198  estab- 
lishments employing  from  6  to  20  wage  earners. 
There  were  4,668  establishments  that  reported  the 
employment  of  over  250  wage  earners ;  540  of  these 
employed  over  1,000. 

The  single  group  having  the  largest  number  of  wage 
earners  was  the  group  comprising  the  establishments 
employing  from  101  to  250.  This  group  employed 
1,258,639  wage  earners,  or  19  per  cent  of  the  total 
number. 

Table  27  shows,  for  1909,  for  all  industries  combined 
and  for  43  industries  individually  the  number  of  estab- 
lishments and  average  number  of  wage  earners,  by 
groups,  and  the  percentage  of  wage  earners  in  each 
group  for  these  industries. 


Table  »7 


All  Industries 

Agricultural  implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 
Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and 

findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and 

repaire  by  steam-railroad  companies. . 
Cars,    steam-railroad,    not    including 

operations  of  railroad  companies 

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products — 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small 
wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and 
supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  !products 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products. . . 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling 

mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished. . 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and 

druggists'  preparations 

Petroleum,  refining 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtermg  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Sugar  and  molasses 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and 

wool  hats 

All  other  industries 


ESTABLISHMENTS  EMPLOYING — 


Total. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


268,491 

640 
743 

1,918 
1,021 
23,926 

8,479 
3,767 
6,492 

1,145 

110 

349 
6,354 
4,658 
1,944 
4,228 

1,324 

1,009 
11,691 
13,253 

3,165 

1,296 

1,374 

208 

446 
2,375 

919 
613 

1,414 
40,671 

4,964 

817 
791 
777 

3,642 
147 

31, 445 

852 

1,641 

38 

28 

214 

15,822 

985 
61,906 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number). 


6,615,046 

50,551 
75,721 

198,297 
40,618 
100,216 

18, 431 
59,968 
69,928 

282,174 

43,086 

23,714 

239,696 

163,743 

44,638 

73,615 

378,880 

87,256 
39,453 
531,011 
128,462 

37,215 
129,276 
38,429 

240,076 
34,907 

62,202 

6,430 

54,679 

696,019 

65,603 

17,071 
14,240 
75,978 

22,895 
13,929 

258, 434 
99,037 
89,728 
15,628 
7,424 

4,127 
166,810 

168,722 
1,657,840 


No 

wage 
earn- 
ers. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


27, 712 

40 
12 

49 

56 

3,643 

1,026 
92 
440 


11 
191 

68 
136 
183 

3 

22 

,849 

639 

96 

108 
31 


1,051 


6,940 
3 


4,995 

30 
4,601 


1  to  20  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


193,487 

372 
393 

839 

717 

19,761 

7,332 
3,015 
4,462 

251 

12 

203 
3,713 
2,438 
1,376 
3,498 

139 

607 
9,587 
8,561 
1,666 

939 
466 
11 


1,876 

379 
487 
752 
33,902 
4,010 
511 
602 
193 

2,396 

75 

22,264 

243 

1,206 


160 
9,823 

219 
44,041 


Wage 
earners. 


952,497 

2,067 
2,716 

6,176 
4,421 
60,112 

12,634 
17,575 
23,141 

2,409 

130 

1,432 

3.3,185 

23,813 

7,194 

17,635 

1,418 

3,988 
26,023 
54,963 
11,569 

4,811 

4,386 

126 

287 
9,818 
2,664 
1,798 
7,078 
186, 140 
19,650 

5,703 
3,073 
2,231 

8,193 
718 

93,683 
2,612 
6,096 


1,463 
34,483 

1,578 
243,350 


21  to  100  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


34,508 

133 
195 

538 
174 
426 

115 
571 

484 

310 

36 

88 

2,045 

1,754 

313 

407 

405 

243 

239 

2,902 

1,106 

180 
521 

78 

94 
333 

350 

76 

661 

4,569 

595 

301 
117 
362 

165 
43 

1,877 

335 

247 

7 

3 

62 
695 

346 
10,137 


Wage 
earners. 


1, 546, 706 

6,406 
9,483 

27,268 
7,416 
17,977 

4,862 
24,519 
21,765 

16,841 

1,886 

4,004 
86,702 
74,965 
14,647 
16,962 

22,851 

11,357 

9,326 

133,613 

53,607 

8,377 
26,620 
5,082 

5,683 
14,390 

17,765 
3,132 
24,636 
196,704 
24,955 

10,772 
6,139 
17,849 

6,767 
1,810 

79,316 

17,604 

11,404 

453 

167 

2,298 
30,070 

19,924 
450,452 


101  to  500  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


11,021 

77 
108 

414 
61 
101 


418 

39 

36 
353 
292 
115 
124 

573 

117 

13 

1,009 

287 

58 
323 
105 

187 

58 

142 

9 

80 

1,214 

92 

5 
33 
216 

27 
23 

344 

243 

62 

19 

16 

2 
258 

334 
2,844 


Wage 
earners. 


2,265,096 

17,902 
23,768 

97,691 
12,422 
17,880 
945 
15,459 
17,729 

101,068 


8,628 
70,846 
51,014 
20,145 
26,931 

135,735 

23,885 

2,124 

203,427 

53,468 

11,529 
68,069 
22,454 

49,965 
10,061 

26,890 

1,500 

15,034 

241,234 

17, 176 

596 
5,397 
43,930 

4,971 
6,295 

63,240 
52,830 
13,911 
4,343 
4,940 

366 
55,483 

67,460 
566, 708 


Over  500  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments 


1,763 

18 
35 

78 
13 
5 


166 

22 

11 
52 
6 
4 
16 


204 

20 

3 

142 

12 

11 
33 
14 

139 
1 


66 
383 


Wage 
earners. 


1,860,747 

24,176 
39,764 

67,162 
16,359 
4,247 


2,415 
7,293 

161,856 

31,401 
9,652 

49,963 
3,951 
2,752 

12,087 

218,876 

48,026 

1,980 

139,008 

9,818 

12,498 
30,210 
10,763 

184,141 

638 

14,883 


7,831 
70,941 
3,822 


631 
11,968 

2,974 
5,106 

22,195 
26,091 
58,317 
10,832 
2,261 


46,774 


79,760 
397,330 


Per  cent  wage  earners  in 
establishments  employ- 
ing specified  number 
form  of  total. 


Ito 
20 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


14.4 

4.1 
3.6 

3.1 
10.9 


68.5 
29.3 
33.1 

0.9 

0.3 

6.1 
13.8 
15.6 
16.2 
23.9 


0.3 

4.5 
65.9 
10.3 

9.0 

12.9 
3.4 
0.3 

0.1 
28.2 

4.3 
28.0 
12.9 
26.8 
30.0 

33.4 

21.5 

2.9 

35.8 
5.1 

36.3 
2.6 


0.7 
36.4 
20.6 

1.0 


21  to 
100 


earn- 
ers. 


12.7 
12.5 

13.8 
18.2 
17.9 

26.3 
40.9 
31.1 

6.0 

4.4 

16.9 
35.7 
48.7 
32.6 
23.1 

6.0 

13.0 
23.6 
25.2 
41.8 

22.5 
20.6 
13.3 

2.4 
41.3 

28.5 
48.8 
45.2 
28.3 
38.0 
63.1 
36.1 
23.4 

29.5 
13.0 
30.7 
17.8 
12.8 
2.9 
2.2 

55.7 
18.0 

11.8 


101  to 
500 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


34.? 

36.4 
31.3 

49.2 
30.6 
17.9 
5.1 
25.8 
25.3 


22.5 

36.4 
29.5 
33.1 
45.1 
36.6 


35.9 

27.4 

6.4 

38.3 

41.6 

31.0 
62.6 
58.4 

20.8 
28.8 
43.2 
23.3 
27.6 
34.7 
26.2 

3.5 
37.9 
57.9 

21.7 
46.2 

24.4 
53.3 
16.5 
27.8 
66.5 


40.0 


Over 
500 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


28.0 

47.8 
52.5 

33.9 

40.2 

4.2 


4.0 
10.4 

57.4 

72.8 

40.7 

20.8 

2.6 

6.2 

16.4 


57.7 

55.0 
5.0 

26.1 
7.6 

33.6 
23.4 
28.0 

76.7 
1.8 

24.0 


14.4 

10.2 
6.8 


4.4 
15.8 

13.0 
36.6 

8.6 
26.4 
65.0 
69.3 
30.5 


28.1 
47.2 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


In  17  of  the  43  industries  listed  separately  in  the 
table,  establishments  employing  from  1  to  100  wage 
earners  reported  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  num- 
ber employed  in  each  industry.  In  5  of  these  in- 
dustries, establishments  employing  from  101  to  500 
wage  earners  reported  more  than  one-half  of  the 
total  number,  wldle  8  establishments  employing  over 
500  wage  earners  reported  more  than  one-half  of  the 
total. 


The  highest  proportion  (76.7  per  cent)  of  wage 
earners  employed  by  estabhshments  reporting  an 
average  of  more  than  500  was  in  the  steel  works  and 
rolling  mill  branch  of  the  iron  and  steel  industry. 

Table  28  shows,  for  1909,  for  geographic  divisions 
and  states,  the  number  of  establishments  and  average 
number  of  wage  earners,  by  groups,  and  the  percent- 
age of  wage  earners  in  each  group,  for  these  divisions 
and  states. 


Table  28 


DIVISION  AND  8TATK. 


TTnlted  Statei... 

Qbooraphic  divisions: 

New  England , 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain , 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

nUnois , 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri , 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


establishments  emplotino— 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


268,491 


25,351 
81,315 
60,013 
27,171 
28,088 
15,381 
12,339 
5,254 
13,579 


3,54« 
1,961 
1,958 
11,684 
1,951 
4,251 


44,935 
8,817 
27,563 


15,138 
7,969 

18,026 
9,159 
9,721 


5,561 
5,528 
8,375 
752 
1,020 
2,500 
3,435 


726 
4,837 

518 
5,685 
2,586 
4,931 
1,854 
4,792 
2,159 


4,776 
4,609 
3,398 
2,598 


2,925 
2,516 
2,310 
4,588 


677 
725 
268 
2,034 
313 
311 
749 
177 


3,674 
2,246 
7,659 


Wage 
esoners. 


6,815,046 


1,101,290 

2, 207, 747 

1,513,764 

374,337 

663,015 

261,772 

204,520 

75,435 

213, 166 


79,055 
78,658 
33,788 
584,559 
113,538 
210,792 


1,003,981 
326,223 
877,543 


446,934 

186,984 
465,764 
231,499 
182,583 


84,767 
61,635 
152,993 
2,789 
3,602 
24,330 
44,215 


21,238 

107,921 

7,707 

105,676 

63,893 
121,473 

73,046 
104,588 

57,473 


65,400 
73,840 
72,148 
50,384 


44,982 
76,165 
13,143 
70,230 


11,655 
8,220 
2,867 

28,067 
4,143 
6,441 

11,785 
2,257 


69,120 
28,750 
115,296 


No 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


Estab- 
lish 
ments. 


27,712 


2,132 
8,918 
7,274 
3,667 
1,669 

911 
1,028 

677 
1,436 


386 

158 
131 
943 
158 
444 


4,667 

712 

3,539 


1,521 
692 
2,518 
1,200 
1,343 


603 
643 
1,123 
125 
146 
481 
546 


46 
504 

75 
270 
200 
171 

60 
231 
112 


403 

306 

131 

71 


169 
118 
262 
479 


92 
56 
40 
325 
31 
36 
74 
23 


322 
232 
882 


1  to  20  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


193,487 


17,116 
55,764 
42,252 
20,787 
21,271 
12,270 
9,645 
4,079 
10,303 


3,716 
1,409 
1,514 
7,548 
1,196 
3,733 


31,323 
6,088 
18,353 


10,483 
5,966 

12,361 
6,297 
7,145 


4,362 
4,340 
6,183 
601 
850 
1,8C9 
2,592 


534 
3,538 

351 
4,689 
1,920 
3,852 
1,411 
3,589 
1,387 


3,801 
3,679 
2,714 
2,076 


2,368 
1,799 
1,949 
3,529 


513 
617 
216 
1,511 
256 
245 
582 
139 


2,713 
1,759 
6,831 


Wage 
earners. 


962,497 


21  to  100  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 

ILsb* 

ments. 


34,508 


91,068 
291,378 
192,201 
78,209 
118,935 
62,682 
49,180 
16,775 
52,069 


12,363 
7,201 
7,023 

43,134 
7,046 

14,301 


169,732 
32,544 
89,102 


62,368 
26,681 
60,101 
28,054 
25,007 


16,648 
16,072 
26,287 
1,610 
2,291 
6,295 
9,006 


3,222 

18,629 

1,937 
25,491 

8,726 
21,027 

7,990 
22,164 

9,749 


16,724 
18,617 
14,877 
12,464 


12,493 
11,797 
7,039 
17,851 


2,000 
2,402 

603 
6,859 
1,003 

940 
2,478 

490 


15,858 

7,695 

28,516 


4,012 
12,427 
7,411 
2,051 
3,854 
1,710 
1,262 
360 
1,421 


387 
256 
255 
2,109 
359 
646 


7,107 
1,354 
3,966 


2,162 

956 

2,287 

1,154 

852 


448 
443 
764 
24 
21 
121 
230 


101 
596 
83 
562 
323 
654 
209 
779 
547 


462 
471 
411 


308 
430 


436 


52 
41 
3 
147 
17 
16 
71 
13 


483 
200 
738 


Wage 
earners. 


1,546,706 


183,104 
556,007 
340,201 
90,275 
169, 759 
74,579 
53,546 
16,232 
63,003 


18,190 
11,326 
10,343 
95,989 
17,352 
29,904 


307,812 

64,402 

183,793 


99,146 
44,434 
102,346 
54,516 
39,759 


20,096 
19,412 
33,819 
932 
827 
5,358 
9,831 


4,216 
26,269 

3,665 
25,570 
15,183 
30,288 

9,394 
33,430 
21,744 


20,780 
21,271 
17,698 
14,830 


12,843 
18,873 
3,462 
18,368 


2,286 
1,786 

164 
6,942 

756 

786 
2,825 

687 


21,821 
8,954 
32,228 


101  to  500  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


Wage 
earners. 


U,Q21  2,266,096 


1,699 

3,632 

2,647 

574 

1,135 

447 

373 

119 

395 


123 
114 
55 
867 
195 
345 


1,637 

557 

1,438 


834 
299 
735 
447 
332 


131 
92 
268 
2 
3 
23 
55 


38 

169 
8 
138 
125 
232 
145 
175 
105 


102 

143 

127 

75 


73 
157 

10 
133 


153 
52 
190 


303,839 
742, 393 
540,595 
117,981 
231,455 
89,188 
74,471 
25,988 
79,186 


25,207 
24,621 
11,852 
185,876 
45,366 
70,917 


321,531 
119,964 
300,898 


168,458 
60,492 

149,670 
91,443 
70,532 


26,590 
18,845 
55,632 
247 
484 
4,989 
11,194 


6,807 
34,176 

1,547 
27,112 
26,191 
47,013 
33,116 
34,448 
21,045 


19,830 
26,348 
26,505 
16,505 


14,087 

33,497 

1,888 

24,999 


3,854 
1,614 
1,347 
10,887 
1,701 
3,172 
2,970 
443 


28,931 
10,279 
39, 976 


Over  500  wage 
earners. 


Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1,763 


392 
574 
429 
92 
159 
43 
31 
19 
24 


22 
24 
3 
217 
43 
83 


201 

106 
267 


138 
56 

125 
61 
49 


Wage 
earners. 


1,860,747 


463,279 

617,909 

440, 707 

87,872 

142,806 

35,323 

27,323 

16,440 

18,908 


24,195 
35,510 
4,570 
259,560 
43, 774 
95,670 


204,906 
109,313 
303,750 


126,972 
55,377 

153,647 
57,486 
47,285 


21,433 

7,306 

37,255 


7,1594 
14,184 


6.993 
28,847 
558 
27,503 
13,793 
23,145 
22,546 
14,546 

4,935 


8,066 
7,604 
13,068 
6,585 


5,559 

11,998 

754 

9,012 


3,515 
2,418 

753 
3,379 

683 
1,543 
3,512 

637 


2,510 
1,822 
14,576 


Per  cent  wage  earners  in 
establishments  employ- 
ing specified  number 
form  01  total. 


Ito 

20 
wage 
eam- 
ears. 


14.4 


8.3 
13.2 
12.7 
20.9 
18.0 
23.9 
24.1 
22.3 
24.4 


15.5 
9.1 

20.7 
7.3 
6.2 
6.8 


16.9 
10.0 
10.1 


11.7 
14.3 
12.9 
12.1 
13.7 


19.6 
26.0 
17.2 
57.7 
63.6 
25.9 
20.4 


15.1 
17.2 
25.1 
24.2 
13.6 
17.3 
11.0 
21.2 
16.9 


25.6 
25.2 
20.6 
24.7 


27.8 
15.5 
53.5 
25.4 


17.1 
29.3 
21.0 
24.4 
24.2 
14.6 
21.0 
21.7 


22.9 
26.7 
24.7 


21  to 
100 
wage 
earn- 
ers. 


23.4 


16.6 
25.1 
22.5 
24.1 
25.6 
28.5 
26.2 
21.5 
29.5 


22.8 
14.4 
30.6 
16.4 
15.3 
14.2 


30.7 
19.7 
21.0 


22.2 
23.8 
22.0 
23.6 
21.7 


23.8 
31.5 
22.1 
33.4 
23.0 
22.0 
22.3 


19.9 
24.3 
47.5 
24.1 
23.7 
25.0 
12.9 
32.0 
37.8 


31.7 
28.8 
24.5 
29.4 


28.6 
24.8 
26.4 
26.1 


19.6 
21.7 
5.7 
24.8 
18.3 
12.2 
24.0 
30.5 


31.6 
31.1 
27.9 


470 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 
DISTEIBUTION   OF   EXPENSES. 


Expenses  in  leading  industries. — ^As  stated  in  the 
Introduction,  the  census  does  not  purport  to  furnish 
figures  that  can  be  used  for  determining  the  total  cost 
of  manufacture  and  consequently  the  profits.  Facts 
of  interest  can,  however,  be  brought  out  concerning 
the  relative  importance  of  those  classes  of  expenses 
which  are  reported.  The  following  table  shows  in 
percentages  the  distribution  of  these  expenses  among 
the  classes  indicated,  for  all  industries  combined  and 
for  the  43  principal  industries  separately. 


Table  29 


All  Industries 

Agricultural  implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stocls:  and  findings. 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by 

steam-railroad  companies 

Cars,  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of 

railroad  companies 

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies.. . 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists' 

preparations 

Petroleum,  refining 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats. . 
All  other  industries 


PEK  CENT  OP  TOTAL  EXPENSES 
REPORTED. 


S.l 

8.6 
4.5 
3.9 
4.1 
4.0 

1.4 
5.6 

5.7 

4.3 

4.3 

6.5 
5.2 
6.0 
7.6 
5.8 

2.6 
10.0 
1.5 
8.7 
7.3 

10.9 
4.4 
L8 
2.9 
7.2 

2.2 
1.0 

7.6 
4.8 
6.7 

3.1 
9.3 
4.0 

14.9 
1.8 

16.7 
4.2 
1.5 
0.7 
0.9 

0.9 
4.6 
2.6 
6.4 


Wages. 


18.6 

24.3 
23.1 
20.6 
17.3 
17.4 

4.3 
13.5 
27.0 


23.0 

15.0 
20.7 
23.0 
13.1 
22.4 

24.0 
24.5 
2.6 
29.8 
30.8 

18.4 
25.5 
6.8 
18.3 
19.3 

10.5 
1.6 
13.7 
32.0 
44.8 

4.3 
7.4 
17.2 

8.7 
4.4 

26.6 

21.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.4 

2.8 
19.0 
18.7 
21.1 


Mate- 
rials. 


65.8 

51.1 
62.5 
69.6 
72.6 


91.0 
72.0 
68.9 


66.7 

68.2 
57.9 
61.1 
67.9 
63.7 

66.9 
53.8 
92.8 
50.1 
61.0 

46.2 
62.7 
88.4 
73.9 
64.6 

81.2 
18.4 
32.2 
61.0 
39.4 

87.7 
71.1 
69.7 

44.1 
89.6 

32.6 
60.8 
91.3 
94.4 
94.8 

92.6 
48.4 
72.9 
62.1 


Mis- 
cellane- 
ous ex- 
penses. 


10.5 

16.0 


6.9 
6.0 


3.3 
9.0 
8.4 

1.8 

6.0 

10.3 
16.2 

9.9 
11.4 

8.1 

6.5 
11.7 

3.1 
11.4 
10.9 

24.5 
7.4 
3.0 
4.8 


6.1 
79.0 
46.5 
12.2 

9.1 

4.9 
12.2 
9.1 

32.4 
4.2 

24.1 
13.2 
3.3 
1.1 
0.9 

3.7 
28.0 

5.8 
10.5 


This  table  shows  that,  for  all  industries  combined, 
65.8  per  cent  of  the  total  expenses  reported  were  in- 
curred for  materials,  23.7  per  cent  for  services  (that  is, 
salaries  and  wages),  and  10.5  per  cent  for  other  pur- 
poses. As  would  be  expected,  these  proportions  vary 
greatly  in  the  different  industries.  The  item  of  sala- 
ries takes  on  large  proportions  in  such  industries  as 
the  gas  industry,  the  manufacture  of  patent  medi- 
cines, and  printing  and  pubUshing,  which  require  a 


large  force  of  employees  for  accounting  and  collecting. 
The  industries  for  which  the  highest  percentages  for 
wages  are  shown — in  each  case  over  30  per  cent — are 
marble  and  stone  work,  steam-railroad  repair  shops, 
the  lumber  and  timber  industry,  and  the  furniture 
industry.  The  cost  of  materials  constituted  over 
90  per  cent  of  the  expenses  reported  in  the  smelting 
and  refining  of  copper  and  lead,  flour  and  grist 
milling  and  the  manufacture  of  sugar  and  molasses, 
slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  and  the  butter, 
cheese,  and  condensed-milk  industry.  Miscellaneous 
expenses,  which  are  made  up  principally  of  rent,  taxes, 
insurance,  and  advertising,  are  relatively  largest  in  the 
distillery  and  brewery  industries,  the  manufacture  of 
patent  medicines  and  compounds,  and  the  tobacco- 
products  industry,  all  of  which  are  subject  to  internal- 
revenue  taxes;  they  are  also  large  in  the  gas  and  the 
printing  and  publishing  industries. 

Expenses,  by  states. — ^Table  30  shows,  for  each  geo- 
graphic division  and  each  state,  the  per  cent  distri- 
bution in  1909  of  the  total  expenses  reported  among 
the  principal  items. 

The  variation  among  the  several  divisions  and 
states  in  the  percentage  of  the  total  expenses  which 
is  represented  by  each  class  follows  closely  the  varia- 
tion in  the  character  of  the  predominating  industries. 
Thus  the  percentage  of  expenses  incurred  for  materials 
is  highest  and  that  incurred  for  wages  lowest  in  the 
West  North  Central  division,  this  condition  being  due 
to  the  predominating  importance  in  those  states  of  the 
flour-milling  and  the  slaughtering  industries,  in  which 
materials  contribute  the  greater  part  of  the  value  of 
products.  The  proportion  of  expenses  incurred  for 
materials  is  also  high  in  the  Mountain  division,  on 
account  of  the  influence  of  the  smelting  and  refining 
industries.  Wages  represent  the  highest  percentage 
of  the  total  expenses,  23.7,  in  the  New  England 
division,  where  the  textile  and  other  highly  elaborative 
industries  predominate. 

Among  the  individual  states  the  highest  percentage 
for  materials  is  shown  for  Kansas  and  the  next  highest 
for  Nebraska,  while  this  percentage  is  lowest  in  Florida; 
the  highest  percentages  for  wages  are  shown  for 
Wyoming,  New  Mexico,  and  Florida,  in  the  order 
named.  Among  the  great  manufacturing  states  of 
the  East  and  North  there  is  no  very  great  variation  in 
the  distribution  of  expenses  among  the  various  items. 
Of  the  10  most  important  manufacturing  states, 
Massachusetts  has  the  highest  proportion  for  wages 
and  is  among  the  lowest  for  miscellaneous  expenses. 

The  exceptionally  high  percentage  for  miscella- 
neous expenses  in  Kentucky,  25.8,  is  due  to  the 
importance  there  of  the  distillery  industry,  in  the 
miscellaneous  expenses  of  which  are  included  very 
large  sums  paid  as  internal-revenue  tax. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


471 


Table  30 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  States 

Geographic  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central .. 
AVest  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central. . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

Now  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusf)tts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


PER  cent  of  total  EXPENSES 
REPORTED. 


Salaries. 


4.8 
5.4 
5.4 
4.2 
4.7 
5.2 
4.5 
3.9 
4.9 


3.7 
2.8 
4.7 
4.8 
4.4 
6.0 

6.2 

4.7 
4.7 

5.6 
5.0 
6.3 
5.9 
4.9 

4.1 
4.7 
5.6 
3.6 
3.9 
3.0 
2.4 


Wages. 


18.6 


23.7 
18.6 
17.8 
12.4 
20.1 
18.3 
17.4 
17.8 
20.4 


24.3 
24.3 
28.9 
22.8 
22.8 
25.6 

18.7 
16.4 
19.3 

19.1 
18.2 
15.8 
20.1 
17.9 

12.6 
13.9 
15.5 
10.3 
14.6 
7.6 
8.5 


Mate- 
rials. 


6«.8 


62.6 
65.3 
65.1 
75.1 
64.9 
60.2 
68.1 
71.6 
65.4 


62.7 
65.8 
58.2 
62.9 
65.3 
59.8 

62.2 
69.7 
67.2 

64.2 
63.7 
67.0 
62.3 
65.9 

74.9 
73.2 
67.9 
79.1 
72.7 
82.3 
84.7 


Miscella- 
neous 
expenses. 


10.6 


10.8 
11.7 
8.3 
10.3 
16.2 
9.9 
6.7 
9.3 


9.2 
7.1 
8.3 
9.5 
7.5 
8.6 

12.9 
9.2 
8.8 

Il.O 
13.1 
12.0 
11.6 
11.4 

8.4 
8.2 
11.1 
6.9 
8.9 
7.1 
4.4 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia 

Virginia 

West  Virginia , 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky , 

Tennessee , 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona , 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacitic: 

Washington 

Oroeon 

Caliiomia 


per  cent  of  total  expenses 
reported. 


Salaries. 


4.9 
4.8 
9.0 
4.6 
3.9 
3.7 
3.9 
6.1 
7.8 


4.8 
5.8 
5.1 
5.3 


5.3 
4.4 
4.3 
4.4 


3.1 
6.2 
6.6 
4.9 
5.4 
1.9 
3.6 
3.4 


5.0 
4.9 
4.8 


Wages. 


21.9 
15.9 
24.4 
19.4 
22.8 
18.4 
20.9 
19.8 
3o.4 


13.9 
17.8 
21.1 
27.3 


29.5 
16.4 
15.3 
15.5 


16.3 
29.1 
37.2 
17.4 
36.8 
13.4 
16.6 
17.9 


25.4 
24.2 
17.7 


Mate- 
rials. 


65.9 
69.6 
50.0 
64.0 
64.2 
65.4 
68.1 
66.4 
41.3 


45.6 
65.4 
64.6 
63.7 


53.9 
66.1 
72.3 
72.8 


73.6 
62.6 
46.6 
70.2 
46.3 
81.7 
76.1 
75.6 


60.1 
61.6 
68.3 


Miscella- 
neous 
expenses. 


7.2 
9.7 

16.6 

11.9 
9.0 

12.5 
7.1 
8.7 

14.5 


25.8 
11.0 
9.2 
13.6 


11.3 
13.1 
8.0 
7.3 


7.0 
13.2 
10.6 
7.5 
11.5 
3.0 
4.8 
3.2 


9.6 
9.3 
9.2 


ENGINES   AND    POWER. 


Summary  for  United  States :  1909,  1904,  and  1899. — 
The  following  table  shows  for  all  industries  combined 
the  number  of  engines  or  motors  employed  by  manu- 
facturing concerns  and  their  horsepower  at  the 
censuses  of  1909,  1904,  and  1899.  The  figures  for  the 
total  primary  power  used  exclude  duphcations  and 
represent  the  primary  power  of  engines,  water  wheels, 
etc.,  owned    by   the    manufacturing    establishments 


themselves  plus  the  electric  or  other  power  rented 
from  outside  concerns.  A  separate  presentation  is 
made  of  the  number  and  horsepower  of  electric  motors 
operated  by  current  generated  within  the  establish- 
ments, which,  of  course,  as  it  represents  secondary 
power,  is  not  included  in  the  totals.  This  item  plus 
the  electric  power  rented  makes  up  the  total  for  electric 
power,  which  is  shown  separately. 


Table  31 

POWEK. 

NUHBER  OF  ENGINES  OE  MOTORS. 

HOBSEPOWEB. 

PER  CENT  distribution 
OF  HOESEPOWEE. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

18»» 

408,478 

281,863 

168,143 

18,675,376 

18,487,707 

10,097,893 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

Owned 

209,163 

169,774 

168,143 

16,802,706 

12,854,805 

9,778,418 

90.0 

95.3 

96.8 

Steam 

153,525 

34,356 

20,079 

1,203 

127,287 

21,515 

19,595 

1,397 

130,710 
14,334 
23,099 
(') 

14,199,339 

.'51,186 

1,807,439 

15,449 

29,293 

1,872,670 

10,825,348 

289,423 

1,641,949 

5,931 

92, 154 

632,902 

8,1.39,579 

134,742 

1,454,112 

49,985 

319,475 

76.0 
4.0 
9.7 
0.1 
0.2 

10.0 

80.3 
2.1 

12.2 
(') 
0.7 

4.7 

80.6 

Gas 

1.3 

14.4 

(') 

other...   .            

0.5 

Rented 

199,309 

61,589 

(>) 

3.2 

Electric 

199,309 

61,689 

0) 

1,749,031 
123,639 

441,589 
191,313 

182,562 
136,913 

9.4 

0.7 

3.3 

1.4 

1.8 

other 

1.4 

Electric  motors 

888,854 

134,708 

16,891 

4,817,140 

1,692,476 

492,936 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

189,546 
199,309 

73,119 
61,589 

16,891 

3,068,109 
1,749,031 

1,150,886 
441,589 

310,374 
182,562 

63.7 
36.3 

72.3 
27.7 

63.0 

37.0 

1  Not  reported. 

» Less  than  on 

e-tenth  of  1  per 

cent. 

The  total  horsepower  of  manufacturing  estabUsh- 
ments  was  18,675,376  in  1909,  as  compared  with 
13,487,707  in  1904  and  10,097,893  in  1899.  In  1909, 
90  per  cent  of  the  horsepower  was  that  of  engines  or 


motors  owned  by  the  manufacturing  establishments 
themselves,  and  10  per  cent  was  rented  power,  mostly 
electric.  Especially  striking  is  the  increase  in  the  use 
of  gas  engines  and  of  electric  power,  both  that  rented 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


472 

from  outside  concerns  and  that  generated  by  the  manu- 
facturing concerns  themselves.  The  total  horsepower 
of  electric  motors  in  1899,  includmg  both  those  oper- 
ated by  purchased  current  and  those  operated  by 
current  generated  in  the  establishment,  was  492,936; 
in  1909  it  was  4,817,140,  or  nearly  ten  times  as  great. 
The  practice  of  renting  electric  power  is  rapidly  becom- 
ing more  conunon  among  small  establishments  and 
even  among  large  estabUshments,  while  the  large 
concerns  more  and  more  tend  to  use  electric  motors 


for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  power  which  they 
themselves  generate. 

The  amount  of  water  power  owned  by  manufactur- 
ing establishments  shows  only  a  comparatively  moder- 
ate rate  of  increase  during  the  decade,  but  not  a  little 
of  the  electric  power  rented  by  manufacturers  is  gener- 
ated in  the  first  instance  by  utilizing  water  power. 

Horsepower,  by  leading  industries. — The  following 
table  shows,  for  the  43  leading  industries,  the  amount 
of  each  of  the  several  kinds  of  power  used  in  1909 : 


Table  SS 


All  ladnstries 

Agrlcultaral  Implements 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 

Brass  and  bronze  products 

Bread  and  other  balcery  products 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 

Canning  and  preserving 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  steam-railroad 

companies 

Cars,  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad  companies 

Chemicals 

Clothing,  men's,  including  shirts 

Clothing,  women's 

Confectionery 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares , 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products , 

Foundry  and  machine-shop  products , 

Furniture  and  refrigerators , 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods , 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces , 

Iron  and  steel,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills 

Leather  goods 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished 

Liquors,  distilled 

Liquors,  malt 

Lumber  and  timber  products 

Marble  and  stone  work , 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

Paiiit  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 

Patent  medicines  and  compounds  and  druggists'  preparations 

Petroleum,  refining 

Printing  and  publishing 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwstCTS 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing , 

Smelting  and  refining,  copper , 

Smelting  and  refining,  lead. 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  including  beet  sugar 

Tobacco  manufactures 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 

All  other  industries 


Total 
horse- 
power 
(excluding 
duplica- 
tion). 


18,675,376 

100,601 
75,550 
96,302 

106,120 
65,298 

101,349 
81, 179 
126,032 

293,361 
97, 797 

208,604 
42,725 
22,294 
35,870 
62,366 

1,296,517 
158,768 
853,584 
869,305 
221,451 

128,350 

103,709 

1, 173, 422 

2,100,978 

28,148 

148,140 

46,120 

347,726 

2,840,082 

187,686 

192,342 
56, 162 
1,304,265 
25,659 
90,268 

297,763 
97,947 
208,707 
158, 126 
26,954 

160,603 

28,514 

362,209 

3,646,423 


OWNED  BY  ESTABLISHMENTS  EEPOETING— 


Steam 
engines. 


14,199,339 

71,394 
39,325 
60,772 
78, 101 
25,506 

90,802 
70,362 
82,911 

254,942 
89,123 

103,273 
16,003 
4,112 
25,090 
34,650 

869,838 
99,883 
473,363 
646,206 
184,425 

115,332 

74,560 

1,033,033 

1,955,346 

10,028 

131,311 
44,623 
330, 705 
2,587,487 
132,236 

183,440 
42,166 

469,089 
15,938 
83,707 

59,240 
72,059 
190,636 
114,862 
23,090 

158,682 

21,929 

261,364 

2,868,395 


Gas 
engines. 


751,186 

4,433 
7,000 
3,532 
4,890 
8,166 

3,373 
4,519 
13,120 

3,140 
1,148 

1,147 
5,259 
1,958 
1,408 
8,572 

2,812 
6,753 
62,681 
96,966 
5,830 

7,128 

1,235 

125,230 

79,391 

1,381 

7,231 
321 

1,261 
38,628 
10,874 

1,674 
3,290 
6,675 
1,712 
5,870 

32, 152 

1,277 

2,208 

1,107 

35 

395 

795 

2,077 

172,532 


Water 
wheels. 


1,807,439 

8,387 

287 

2,798 

3,370 

251 

1,403 

364 

4,604 

138 
370 

10,913 

1,335 

190 


416 

302,288 

1,078 

259, 138 

18,341 

6,743 

2,755 
12,015 
294 
5,829 
1,337 

1,546 

252 

116 

139,392 

9,451 

125 

2,004 

785,961 

250 


600 

8,383 

30 

12,725 


243 

78,909 

122,808 


Water 
motors. 


lfi,449 


17 

4 

83 

62 
34 
63 

312 


153 
45 
16 


736 
36 
4,993 
361 
105 

59 
23 
•15 


224 

1,111 

167 

50 

2 

2,185 

14 


1,720 
...... 


2 

341 

2,439 


other. 


29,293 

500 


131 
30 
17 


700 


215 
6 


12 
5 

7,363 
14 

208 
2,754 

612 

182 
200 


1,500 


140 
150 
1,065 
836 
241 


25 
275 
121 
378 


94 


210 
7 


10,163 


Electric 
motors. 


1,749,031 

15,684 
27,641 
17,381 
18,399 
31,160 

5,366 
5,469 
24,969 

33,786 
6,456 

92,057 
18,816 
15, 175 
8,607 
17,898 

108,512 
50,045 
49,901 

192,977 
20,420 

2,723 
13,286 
14,850 
58, 797 
14,946 

6,487 

708 

14,190 

62,200 

32,062 

6,394 

7,814 

38,610 

6,882 

28 

197,692 
10,354 
15,047 
29,413 
3,829 

1,316 

5,367 

13,783 

431,534 


other. 


123,639 

200 

1,297 

11,802 

1,356 

129 

212 
401 
348 

145 


846 
1,261 
843 
745 
821 

4,968 
959 
3,300 
11,700 
3,316 

171 
2,390 


115 
420 

1,415 

66 

165 

10,428 

2,655 

470 
861 
1,470 
742 
285 

6,265 

5,874 

740 


171 
5,735 
38,552 


ELECTBIC  UOTOBS. 


Total. » 


4,817,140 

38,905 
41,829 
32, 381 
33,462 
39,795 

8,276 
8,728 
39,424 

161,288 
61,060 

156, 699 
22,894 
16,085 
16,983 
30, 771 

235,902 
164,540 

67,066 
623, 914 

43,252 

17,336 
25,485 
135, 143 
716,609 
16,663 

35,919 
3,786 
66,519 
130, 707 
53,748 

10,855 
17,037 
130, 120 
11, 175 
8,808 

229,312 
23,758 
78, 677 
55,229 
12,166 

18,730 

11,203 

79,223 

1,085,678 


Run  by 

current 
generated 
by  estal)- 
llshment. 


3,068,109 

23,221 
14,188 
15,000 
15,063 
8,636 

2,910 
3,259 
14,455 

127,502 
54,604 

64,642 

4,078 

910 

8,376 

12,873 

127,390 
114,495 

17,165 
430,937 

22,832 

14,613 

12,199 

120,293 

657,812 

1,717 

29,432 
3,078 
52,329 
68,507 
21,686 

4,461 

9,223 

91,510 

4,293 

8,780 

31,620 
13,404 
63,630 
25,816 
8,337 

17,414 

5,836 

65,440 

654,144 


>  Includes  the  horsepower  of  motors  run  by  rented  current  and  also  of  those  run  by  current  generated  by  the  establishment. 


This  table  shows  very  wide  differences  among  the 
industries  with  respect  to  the  relative  importance  of 
the  several  kinds  of  power.  These  differences  are  due 
partly  to  differences  in  the  geographic  location  of  the 
industries,  which  affect  the  character  of  power  avail- 
able, and  partly  to  differences  in  the  character  of 
machinery  used,  which  affect  the  adaptability  of  the 
different  kinds  of  power. 

The  power  developed  by  the  use  of  gas  engines 
represents  a  larger  proportion  of  the  total  power 
employed  in  establishments   engaged  in  the  manu- 


facture of  carriages  and  wagons,  flour  mills  and  grist- 
mills, foundries  and  machine  shops,  blast  furnaces, 
steel  works  and  rolling  mills,  lumber  mills,  and  print- 
.  ing  and  publishing  establishments  than  in  any  of  the 
other  industries  listed.  The  largest  absolute  amount 
of  power  derived  from  gas  engines  is  reported  for  the 
blast  furnaces,  and  the  next  largest  for  the  foundries 
and  machine  shops. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  the  total  power  derived 
from  water  wheels  is  used  in  four  industries,  namely, 
the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods,  flour  mills  and  grist- 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


473 


mills,  the  lumber  and  timber  products  industry,  and 
the  manufacture  of  paper  and  wood  pulp.  In  the 
last-mentioned  industry  the  horsepower  developed 
by  water  wheels  amounts  to  785,961,  about  60  per 
cent  of  the  total  power  used  in  that  industry. 

The  extent  to  which  electric  motors  are  utilized  in 
applying  the  power  employed  varies  considerably  in 
the  different  industries.  In  a  considerable  number 
of  industries  the  electric  power,  including  that  gen- 
erated by  the  manufacturing  establishments  them- 
selves and  that  rented  from  other  concerns,  is  equal 
to  more  than  one-half  of  the  total  primary  power. 
These  industries  are  the  manufacture  of  automobiles, 
» bread  and  other  bakery  products,  the  construction 
of  steam-railroad  cars,  the  repair  shops  of  steam- 
railroad  companies,  the  chemical  industry,  the  making 
of  men's  and  of  women's  clothing,  the  manufacture  of 
electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  suppUes,  the 
foundry  and  machine-shop  industry,  the  manufacture 
of  leather  goods,  and  the  printing  and  publishing 
industry.  In  the  electrical-machinery  industry  the 
horsepower  of  electric  motors  installed  is  greater  than 
the  total  primary  power;  this  may  be  accounted  for 
by  reason  of  the  provision  of  motors  for  the  operation 
of  machinery  which  is  not  in  constant  use.  The 
largest  absolute  amount  of  electric  power  is  reported 
by  the  steel  works  and  rolling  miUs,  and  the  next 
largest,  by  the  foundries  and  machine  shops.  In  the 
former  the  electric  power  is  equal  to  a  little  over 
one-third  of  the  total  amount  of  primary  power  and 
in  the  latter  to  nearly  three-fourths. 

Horsepower,  by  states:  1909. — Table  33  shows,  by 
states  grouped  according  to  geographic  divisions,  the 
amount  of  each  of  the  several  kinds  of  power  used 
in  manufacturing  industries  in  1909. 

The  rank  of  the  states  with  respect  to  the  amount 
of  power  used  in  manufacturing  industries  is  some- 
what different  from  that  with  respect  to  value  of 
products  and  other  leading  items  in  the  statistics 
of  manufactures.  Although  New  York  ranks  first 
among  the  states  in  most  of  the  leading  items,  Penn- 
sylvania outranks  it  in  respect  to  the  amount  of  power 
used  in  manufacturing  industries.  New  York  stands 
second,  Ohio  third,  Massachusetts  fourth,  and  Illinois 
fifth.  The  relative  total  amount  of  power  used  is 
largely  dependent  upon  the  character  of  the  industries 
predominant  in  each  division  or  state.  The  relative 
extent  to  which  the  different  kinds  of  power  are  used 
in  the  several  divisions  and  states  is  also  dependent 
in  part  upon  the  character  of  the  industries  and  in 
part  upon  the  situation  of  each  state  with  reference  to 
suppHes  of  coal,  petroleum,  and  gas,  and  with  reference 
to  the  availability  of  water  power. 

In  every  division — in  fact  in  every  state,  except 
Maine  and  Vermont — steam  engines  are  the  most  im- 
portant source  of  power.  The  proportion  which  power 
generated  by  gas  engines  represents  of  the  total  power 


is  larger  in  the  East  North  Central  division  than  in 
any  other  division,  partly  on  account  of  the  proximity 
of  gas  wells.  The  Middle  Atlantic  states  rank  next  in 
the  proportion  of  the  total  power  which  is  developed 
by  gas  engines.  With  respect  to  power  obtained  from 
water  wheels  owned  by  the  manufacturing  estabhsh- 
ments.  New  England  ranks  far  ahead  of  the  other  divi- 
sions both  in  the  absolute  amount  of  power  and  in  the 
proportion  which  water  power  represents  of  the  total. 
More  than  two-fifths  of  the  total  power  derived  from 
water  wheels  owned  by  manufacturing  establishments 
is  found  in  New  England,  and  more  than  one-fourth 
of  the  total  power  utilized  by  the  factories  of  New 
England  is  derived  from  water  wheels.  The  Middle 
Atlantic  division  ranks  next  in  this  respect.  The 
largest  absolute  amounts  of  power  utilized  by  means  of 
electric  motors  (including  both  those  operated  by  pur- 
chased current  and  those  operated  by  current  generated 
in  the  establishment)  are  reported  from  the  Middle 
Atlantic  division,  the  East  North  Central  division,  and 
New  England,  in  the  order  named,  and  in  these  three 
divisions  also  the  proportion  which  electric  power  rep- 
resents of  the  total  is  unusually  large,  no  very  great 
difference  appearing  among  the  three  divisions  in  tliis 
respect.  The  proportion  of  electric  power  is  also  high 
in  the  Mountain,  Pacific,  and  West  North  Central 
divisions. 

The  individual  states  which  lead  in  the  use  of  gas 
engines  to  develop  power  are  Pennsylvania,  Indiana, 
Ohio,  New  York,  Illinois,  Kansas,  and  New  Jersey,  in 
the  order  named.  The  absolute  amount  of  power  of 
this  character  is  greatest  in  Pennsylvania,  and  the  pro- 
portion which  such  power  represents  of  the  total  power 
used  is  greatest  in  Indiana.  The  power  derived  from 
water  wheels  owned  by  manufacturing  establishments 
is  greater  in  New  York  than  in  any  other  state,  but  the 
proportion  which  such  power  represents  of  the  total 
power  is  greatest  in  Maine.  Other  leading  states  in 
respect  to  the  absolute  amount  of  such  water  power 
are  Massachusetts,  Wisconsin,  New  Hampshire,  Ver- 
mont, Connecticut,  Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  Oregon, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  Michigan;  the  leading 
states  in  respect  to  the  proportion  which  it  represents 
of  the  total  power  are  Vermont,  New  Hampshire, 
Oregon,  Wisconsin,  New  York,  Minnesota,  Connecticut, 
Massachusetts,  Virginia,  and  Montana. 

In  the  absolute  amount  of  electric  power  utihzed  for 
manufacturing,  Pennsylvania  leads  and  is  followed  by 
New  York,  Ohio,  Massachusetts,  Ilhnois,  Indiana,  and 
New  Jersey,  in  the  order  named.  With  respect  to  the 
proportion  which  electric  power  represents  of  the  total 
Nevada  ranks  first,  and  is  followed  by  Cahfornia, 
Utah,  Ilhnois,  New  York,  Montana,  Arizona,  Indiana, 
and  Massachusetts  in  the  order  named.  In  Nevada 
the  power  of  electric  motors  forms  54.1  per  cent  and 
in  California  40.3  per  cent  of  the  total  power  reported 
for  these  states. 


474 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  33 


DinsiOK  AND  STATK. 


ITnlted  States 

OxooKAPmc  divisions: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific .-... 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

•Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  Nobth  Centkal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

West  North  Central: 

Minnesofa 

Iowa , 

Missouri , 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyommg 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

pAcmc: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Total 
horse- 
power 
(excluding 
duplica- 
tion). 


18,676,376 


715, 121 
531,502 
382,070 
101,990 
832,001 
030,500 
873,350 
400,766 
802,016 


459,599 
293,991 
159,445 
1,175,071 
226,740 
400,275 

1,997,662 

612,293 

2,921,547 

1,583,155 
633,377 

1,013,071 
598,288 
554, 179 

297,670 

155,384 

340,467 

13, 196 

17,666 

64,466 

213, 141 

52,779 
218,244 

16,563 
283,928 
217,496 
378,556 
276,378 
298,241 

89,816 

230,224 
242,277 
357,837 
206,222 

173,088 

346,652 

71, 139 

282,471 

90,402 
42,804 
7,628 
154,615 
15,465 
39,140 
42,947 
7,765 

297,897 
175,019 
329, 100 


owned  by  establishments  reporting — 


steam 
engines. 


14,199,339 


1,656,911 

4,151,662 

3,491,418 

838,988 

1,431,423 

953,511 

805,640 

306,786 

563,000 


168,595 
139,128 
64,252 
834,701 
175,293 
274,942 

1,080,877 

529,668 

2,541,117 

1,362,134 

448,528 
838,199 
465,520 
377,037 

199,777 
121,882 
280,489 
10, 170 
12,257 
44,806 
169,607 

42,266 
181,326 

12, 169 
221,303 
184,591 
271,944 
193,052 
240,264 

84,508 

207,591 
215,338 
328,275 
202,307 

168,152 

331,370 

66,643 

249,475 

49,654 
35,529 

6,467 
135,645 
11,781 
34,193 
28,984 

4,533 

257,230 
112,244 
193,526 


Gas 
engines. 


751,186 


41,801 

274,274 

283,450 

57,434 

36,441 

12,270 

29,291 

4,188 

12,037 


3,933 
1,238 
2,160 

18,326 
3,300 

12,844 


20,867 
153,508 

103,801 
109, 105 
37,025 
13,988 
19,531 

7,174 
8,025 

11, 159 
1,304 
2,784 
4,408 

22,580 

766 
5,736 
1,073 
3,664 
16,705 
2,356 
1,264 
3,380 
1,497 

4,724 
1,853 
4,616 
1,077 

1,374 
3,496 
8,676 
15,745 

223 
242 
182 

1,464 
365 

1,285 
226 
201 

1,494 

428 

10, 115 


Water 
wheels. 


1,807,439 


753,920 
466,541 
206,393 

82,791 
182,076 

29,040 
3,060 

21,345 

62,273 


256,480 
127,490 
78,881 
185,996 
31,376 
73,697 

394,221 
18,558 
53,762 

15,777 
7,446 
12, 178 
41,442 
129,550 

56,631 
6,326 
3,532 
530 
927 
7,361 
7,484 

5,183 
11,953 

775 
45, 122 
10,546 
41,619 
38,422 
28,288 

168 

5,320 

9,670 

13,812 

238 


65 
470 

1,886 

13,583 

2,403 

456 

1,377 

74 

129 

2,926 

397 

7,842 
47,041 
7,390 


Water 
motors. 


15,449 


3,412 

3,947 

2,048 

3,539 

1,082 

275 

48 

198 

900 


1,912 
521 
181 
520 
41 
237 

1,397 
1,118 
1,432 

330 

447 
613 
577 
181 

2,939 

85 

206 


12 

75 

222 

12 
121 


33 
71 

307 
75 

460 
3 

57 
107 
111 


71 
2 

223 
397 
280 


Other. 


29,293 


2,055 

11,736 

4,766 

939 

5,321 

1,690 

2,513 

224 

49 


179 
30 

415 

895 
39 

497 

3,583 

180 

7,973 

1,586 

599 

1,433 

16 

1,132 

25 

147 

5 


1,069 
43 
38 


1,035 

2,400 

536 

200 

915 

4 

732 

39 

52 
2,401 


60 


105 


19 
100 


Electric 
motors. 


1,749,031 


218,642 
568,723 
375,876 
115,002 
171, 146 
38,580 
31,807 
66,956 
162,299 


27,203 
21,209 
12,917 
109,996 
13,697 
33,620 

389,945 
33,157 
145,621 

93,592 

65,548 
117,007 
74,270 
25,459 

30,297 
18,463 
44,056 
1,164 
1,683 
7,530 
11,809 

4,502 
17,108 

2,433 
13,356 

5,330 
60,044 
41,130 
23,890 

3,353 

11,314 
14,666 
10,104 
2,496 

2,581 
9,077 
6,281 
14,868 

26,604 

4,606 

514 

15,874 
3,245 
3,314 

10,592 
2,307 

30,951 
14,811 
116,537 


Other. 


123,639 


38,380 
54,619 
18,119 
3,297 
4,512 
1,194 
991 
1,069 
1,458 


1,297 
4,375 
639 
24,637 
2,994 
4,438 

27,740 
8,745 
18, 134 

5,935 
1,704 
6,716 
2,475 
1,289 

827 

456 

1,020 

28 

3 

210 

753 

50 

931 

70 

412 

253 

1,251 

35 

1,423 

87 

303 
639 
187 
65 

256 
233 
67 
436 

375 
20 


electric  motors. 


101 


200 

48 

325 

138 

98 

1,222 


Total.' 


4,817,140 


663,143 

1,737,236 

1,297,447 

266,534 

343,393 

108,409 

78,893 

113,984 

208, 101 


54,266 
45,351 
21,233 
402,492 
42,130 
97,671 

689,976 
182,475 
864, 785 

417,844 
233,193 
398,621 
133,064 
114,725 

52,212 
40,736 
106,941 
1,698 
2,084 
15,942 
46,921 

17,910 
44,921 

4,527 
42,043 
28,543 
86,002 
67,620 
44,264 

7,563 

31,268 

29,586 

39,928 

7,627 

7,417 
27, 139 

7,887 
36,450 

27,301 

8,409 

801 

35,944 
4,586 

15,100 

15,402 
6,441 

43,615 
20,802 
143,684 


>  Includes  the  horsepower  of  motors  run  by  rented  current  and  also  of  those  run  by  current  generated  by  the  establishment. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 
SITPPLEMENTAEY   DATA   EEGARDING   IMPORTANT   INDUSTKIES. 


475 


(With  statistics  for  laundries  and  custom  sawmills  and  sristmllls.) 


For  certain  industries  the  Census  Bureau  collects,  by 
means  of  special  schedules,  details  regarding  the  quan- 
tity and  value  of  materials  and  products  and  other 
information  for  securing  which  no  provision  is  made  on 
the  general  schedule.  Data  of  this  character  are  here 
presented  for  a  number  of  important  industries.  As 
far  as  possible  the  statistics  are  grouped  according  to 
the  character  of  the  finished  products.  The  statistics 
in  each  table  relate  to  the  United  States  as  a  whole, 
not  including  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  or  other 
outlying  possessions. 

FOOD  AND  KINDBED  PKODUCTS, 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk. — The  following 
table  presents  statistics  for  the  butter,  cheese,  and 
condensed-milk  industry.  The  figures  cover  only  the 
manufacture  of  the  factory  products.  The  statistics 
for  this  class  of  products  made  on  farms  are  not  avail- 


able for  1909;  in  1899,  however,  1,071,626,056  pounds 
of  butter  and  16,372,318  pounds  of  cheese  were  made 
on  farms,  of  which  518,042,767  pounds  of  butter  and 
14,692,542  pounds  of  cheese  were  sold. 

The  value  of  the  factory  products  of  this  industry 
more  than  doubled  during  the  period  1899-1909. 
Condensed  milk,  for  which  the  ratio  of  increase  was 
highest,  nearly  trebled  in  value,  while  butter  more  than 
doubled.  Since  1899  the  increase  in  prices  has  been 
quite  pronounced  in  this  industry,  as  shown  by  the 
fact  that  the  butter  product  increased  113.5  per  cent 
in  value  and  only  48.7  per  cent  in  quantity,  and  the 
output  of  cheese  63  per  cent  in  value  and  only  10.3 
per  cent  in  quantity.  As  shown  by  the  note  to  the 
table,  considerable  quantities  of  butter,  cheese,  and 
condensed  milk  were  produced  by  establishments 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products 
other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 


nrable  34 


HATEEIAi.S 

Total  cost 

Milk: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cream: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Skimmed  milk: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Sugar: 

Pounds 

Cost 

All  other  materials 

PE0DUCT3, 

Total  value 

Butter: 

Pounds 

Value , 

Packed  solid- 
Pounds 

Value 

Prints  and  rolls- 
Pounds 

Value 

Cheese: 

Pounds , 

Value 

Full  cream- 
Pounds 

Value 

Part  cream- 
Pounds 

Value 


1909 


«88<,646,0e4 

8,888,727,303 
1118,675,613 

1,406,143,908 
S95,025,fi07 

66,974,760 
tll0,469 

78,457,978 
$3,674,174 

118,060,301 


<  «S74,6S7,718 

624,764,653 
$179,610,619 

410,692,616 
$115,098,056 

214,072,037 
$64,412,563 

311,126,317 
$43,239,924 

287,110,383 
$40,817,073 

10,803,392 
$1,188,000 


liMM 


$142,980,877 

12,147,304,550 
$99,729,745 

588,186,471 
$28,371,040 

36,071,335 
$59,398 

67,810,031 
$3,315,892 

$11,444,202 


'1168,188,789 

531,478,141 
$113,189,453 

364,432,996 
$74,483,306 

167,045,145 
$38,706,147 

317,144,872 
$28,611,760 


239,652,634 
$22,024,853 


1899 


$108,841,800 

11,678,082,821 
$91,256,436 

203,673,958 
$8,154,068 


s 


50,873,859 
$2,589,687 

$6,841,000 


$130,783,349 


420,126,546 
$84,079,754 


328,956,590 
$63,961,893 


91,160,956 
$20,117,861 


281,972,324 
$26,619,829 


225,776,105 
$21,363,477 


PEODUCTS— continued . 

Cheese — Continued. 

Skimmed— 

Pounds 

Value 

other  kinds- 
Pounds 

Value 

Condensed  milk: 

Pounds 

Value 

Sweetened— 

Pounds 

Value 

Unsweetened- 
Pounds 

Value 

Cream  sold: 

Pounds 

Value 

Skimmed  milk  sold: 

Pounds 

Value 

Casein  dried  from  skimmed  milk 

Pounds 

Value 

All  other  products 

EQUIPMENT. 

Cream  separators,  number 


1909 


7,770,812 
$429,519 

6,441,730 
$805,332 

494,796,544 
$33,563,129 

214,518,310 
$17,345,278 

280,278,234 
$16,217,851 

81,211,374 
$9,828,972 

352,594,574 
$629,136 

13,018,298 
$795,644 

$6,990,395 


5,624 


1904 


3, 459, 582 
$148,668 

74,032,656 
$6,438,339 

308, 485, 182 
$20,149,282 

198,355,189 
$13,478,376 

110,129,993 
$6,070,906 

28,131,914 
$2,364,407 

1,161,414,457 
$1,368,738 

11,581,874 
$654,099 

$1,946,060 


8,842 


1899 


(') 

66,196,219 
$5,156,352 

186,921,787 
$11,888,792 


(0 

61,764,552 
$4,436,444 

2,253,494,156 
$2,531,460 

12,298,405 
$383,581 

$944,489 


9,701 


>  Not  reported  separately. 

>  In  addition,  2,381,212  pounds  of  butter,  to  the  value  of  $664,171;  49,413  pounds  of  part  cream  cheese,  to  the  value  of  $5,745;  401  ,.300  pounds  of  condensed  milk,  to  the 
value  of  $24,078;  and  other  dairy  products  to  the  value  of  $25,388  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
■covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

'  In  addition,  1,971,120  pounds  of  butter,  to  the  value  of  $448,729,  and  other  dairy  products  to  the  value  of  $71,588  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry  designation. 


Canning  and  preserving. — ^Table  35  includes  statis- 
tics for  establishments  engaged  in  the  various  branches 
of  the  canning  industry  and  also  for  those  manufac- 
turing pickles,  preserves,  and  sauces.  The  table 
does  not  include  meats  and  other  products  canned  in 
slaughtering  and  meat-packing  establishments  (see 
Table  38). 


The  total  value  of  all  classes  of  products  of  canning 
and  preserving  estabhshments  in  1909  was  $157,101,201 
and  in  1899,  $99,335,464,  the  increase  for  the  decade 
being  58.2  per  cent. 

Of  the  two  groups  of  products  listed  separately  in 
the  table,  fruits  and  vegetables  show  the  largest 
ratio  of  increase  in  value  from   1899  to   1909,  88.3 


476 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS-MANUFACTURES. 


per  cent.     Fish  and  oysters  show  an  increase  of  47 
per  cent. 

The  statistics  for  dried  fruits  cover  the  product  of 
fruit  drying  and  packing  estabhshments  wliich  buy 
the  fruit  or  do  drying  and  packing  for  others,  and  of 
cooperative  associations,  but  do  not  include  fruits 
dried  by  the  grower  on  the  farm.  The  bulk  of  the 
product  is  from  California,  the  value  of  the  factory 
dried-fruit  product  of  that  state  in  1909  being 
$16,137,716,  or  81.3  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  this 
class  of  products. 


Table 
35 


Total  value. 


FruUt  and  vegetables. 


Value 

Canned  vegetables: 

Cases 

Value 

Tomatoes- 
Cases 

Value 

Com— 

Cases 

Value 

Peas- 
Cases 

Value 

Beans- 
Cases  

Value 

Asparagus- 


Value 

Pumpkins- 
Cases  , 

Value 

Sweet  potatoes- 
Cases 

Value 

All  other- 
Cases 

Value 

Canned  fruits: 

Cases 

Value 

Peaches- 
Cases , 

Value 

Apples- 


Value... 

Apricots- 
Cases... 
Value. . . 

Pears- 
Cases.  .. 
Value... 

Berries- 
Cases 

Value... 

Cherries- 
Cases... 
Value... 

All  other- 
Cases 

Value... 
Dried  fruits: 

Pounds. 
Value... 

Raisins- 
Pounds. 
Value... 

Prunes- 
Pounds. 
Value... 

Apples- 
Pounds. 
Value... 

Peaches — 
Pounds. 
Value... 

Apricots- 
Pounds. 
Value... 

All  other- 
Pounds. 
Value... 


1909 


1  $157,101,201 


$84,347,783 


32, 752 
$51,568, 

12,909, 

$18,747, 

7,461 
$10, 332, 

5,901 
$10,247 

3, 392, 
$6,013; 

228, 
$1, 975 

4^ 
$570 

347, 
$531 

2,080, 
$3, 144 

5,501 
$12,938; 

1,467 
$3,753, 

1,205 
$1,898: 

630 
$1, 825; 

637, 
$1,833; 

815, 
$1,754, 

390 
$1,019 

354 

$853 

400,328 
$19, 840; 

111,  774 
$4,837, 

138,498, 
$5,130, 

44,568 
$3, 098; 

46,843 
$2,423; 

29,205 
$2,277; 

29,438 
$2,073, 


1904 


>  $130,466,976 


$72,998,766 

29,579,616 
$45,610,993 

9,411,084 
$14, 020, 846 

11, 209, 597 
$15,952,386 

4,694,492 
$7, 928, 791 

2,588,015 
$4, 133, 810 

(») 
(') 

246,557 
$346, 497 

192,997 
$284, 385 

1,236,874 
$2,944,278 

4,628,241 
$11,722,979 

1, 304, 867 
$3,902,441 

490,341 
$738,013 

539, 815 
$1,641,919 

789, 120 
$2,192,910 

489,637 
$1,058,659 

319,350 
$825,522 

695, 111 
$1, 363, 515 

343,579,623 
$15, 664, 784 

121,409,881 
$6,349,381 

117,808,181 
$3,299,628 

40,737,089 
.    $1,758,610 

25,861,074 
$1,702,205 

19, 559, 573 
$1,410,838 

18,203,825 
$1, 144, 122 


1S99 


$99,336,464 


$44, 802, 666 

19,323,730 
$28, 734, 598 

8, 700, 538 
$13,666,660 

6,336,984 
$8,191,383 

2, 543, 722 
$4,465,673 

1, 493, 517 
$2,025,123 


8 


138, 078 
$202,404 

83,526 
$124,245 

27, 365 
$59, 210 

4,467,817 
$11,311,062 

1,449,356 
$4,283,165 

645, 762 
$1, 125, 119 

531,648 
$1,583,252 

672,485 
$2,188,201 

600, 419 
$1,092,975 

114,367 
$307, 788 

453,780 
$730, 562 

85, 439, 406 
$4, 757, 005 

14,984,221 
$1,062,268 

25, 413, 763 
$970, 927 

33, 212, 309 
$1, 906, 642 

5,662,390 
$312,495 

5,465,217 
$455, 394 

701,509 
$49,276 


Table  35— 

Cont'd.  PRODUCT. 


FisU  and  oysters. 

Valne 

Canned  fish  and  oysters: 

Pounds 

Value 

Salmon — 

Pounds 

Value 

Sardines : 

Pounds 

Value 

Oysters- 
Pounds 

Value 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Value 

Smoked  fish: 

Pounds 

Value 

Herring— 

Pounds 

Value 

Salmon- 
Pounds 

Value 

Finnan  haddie— 

Pounds 

Value 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Value 

Salted  fish: 

Pounds .' 

Value 

Cod- 
Pounds 

Value 

Mackerel- 
Pounds 

Value 

Herring- 

Pounds 

Value 

Haddock- 
Pounds 

Value 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Value 

A II  other  prodiicts,  including  pickles,  pre- 
serves, and  sauces. 

Value  


1909 


$27,648,289 

235,418,713 
$17,573,311 

99, 831, 528 
$8, 723, 565 

90,094,284 
$4, 931, 831 

28,192,392 
$2, 443, 101 

16, 700, 509 
$1,474,814 

39, 814, 989 
$2,900,417 

21,369,856 
$931,611 

6, 836, 099 
$950, 540 

4,513,222 
$304,620 

7, 095, 812 
$713, 646 

128, 539, 299 
$7, 174, 561 

49, 494, 338 
$3,077,612 

9,045,469 
$740, 513 

21, 718, 467 
$461,287 

7, 873, 156 
$319, 248 

40, 407, 869 
$2, 575, 901 


$45,105,129 


1904 


$22,194,636 

207,077,976 
$13,531,786 

48, 128, 926 
$4,251,387 

87, 224, 524 
$4, 380, 498 

59,249,043 
$3, 799, 412 

12, 475, 483 
$1, 100, 489 

36,617,904 
$2, 528, 240 

19, 737, 537 
$631, 352 

6, 833, 560 
$831, 184 

3, 014, 160 
$174,234 

7,032,647 
$891,470 

111,728,665 
$6,134,609 

48, 757, 819 
$3,013,320 

8,326,566 
$678, 326 

15, 824, 192 
$409,223 

4,737,975 
$213, 394 

34,082,113 
$1,820,346 


$35,272,586 


1899 


$18,807,642 


$12,868,572 

62, 652, 792 
$5, 679, 324 

44,951,244 
$4, 212, 351 

$2, 054, 800 

9, 625,  feS 
$922,097 

21,108,066 
$957, 741 

12, 576, 429 
$330,590 

1,975,647 
$136, 331 

1, 360, 500 
$75,360 

5, 195, 490 
$415, 460 

117,780,031 
$4,981,229 

64,731,210 
$3,081,045 

10,458,313 
$662,008 

13,933,426 
$332,220 

6,927,919 
$197,360 

21, 729, 163 
$708,696 


$35,725,26? 


» In  addition,  products  to  the  value  of  $5,423,199  were  produced  by  establishments 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the 
industry  designation,  as  follows: 


Total. 


Canned  vegetables cases. . 

Canned  fruits cases. . 

Dried  fruits pounds. . 

Canned  fish pounds . . 

Smoked  fish pounds. . 

Salted  fish pounds. . 

Pickles,  preserves,  and  sauces 


Number. 


769,017 
27,474 

1,007,033 
531,054 
924, 785 

4,630,322 


Value. 


$5,423,199 


1,714,909 
76,964 
53, 159 
19,649 
38,841 
143,540 

3,376,137 


» In  addition,  140,263  cases  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  to  the  value  of  $288,138; 
1,847,625  pounds  of  fish,  to  the  value  of  $274,403;  and  oysters,  to  the  value  of  $12,900, 
were  canned  and  preserved  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

♦  Not  reported. 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products. — Table  36  presents 
statistics  for  flour-mills  and  gristmills,  but  does 
not  include  data  for  establishments  engaged  ex- 
clusively in  custom  grinding  (see  table  on  p.  513). 
The  total  quantity  of  all  kinds  of  grain  milled  in 
1909  was  806,247,961  bushels,  as  compared  with 
729,061,820  bushels  in  1899,  an  increase  of  10.6  per 
cent.     The  largest  increases  were  in  wheat  and  com, 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


477 


the  former  showing  a  gain  of  about  25,000,000  bushels 
and  the  latter  a  gain  of  about  29,000,000  bushels. 

The  increase  in  the  value  of  all  products  of  flour 
mills  and  gristmills  for  the  period  1899-1909  was  76.2 
per  cent.  This  gain  was  due  mainly  to  advances  in 
price,  for  the  increases  in  quantity  were  relatively 
much  smaller.  The  value  of  the  wheat  flour  produced 
increased  64.7  per  cent,  but  its  quantity  only  6  per 
cent,  while  the  production  of  rye  flour  increased  54 
per  cent  in  value  and  only  6.2  per  cent  in  quantity. 
The  figures  in  the  table  indicate  that  higher  imit 
values  prevailed  for  all  classes  of  products  during 
1909  than  during  the  two  prior  census  years.  For  the 
decade  as  a  whole  the  percentage  of  increase  in  cost 
of  materials,  which  constitutes  by  far  the  greater 
part  of  the  value  of  products,  was,  however,  even 
higher  than  that  in  value  of  products. 


Table  36 


HATERIALS. 

Total  cost 


Orain  ground  or  milled,  bushels. 

Wheat 

Com 

Rye 

Buckwheat 

Barley 

Oats 

other 


PKODUCTS. 


Total  Talne 

Wheat  flour: 

Barrels , 

Value 

White- 
Barrels 

Value 

Graham- 
Barrels 

Value 

y  Kye  flour: 

Barrels 

Value 

Buckwheat  flour: 

Pounds 

Value 

Barley  meal: 

Pounds 

Value 

Com  meal  and  com  flour: 

Barrels 

Value 

Hominy  and  grits: 

Founds 

Value 

Feed: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Value 

Oflal: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Value 

All  other  cereal  products — "breakfast 
foods,"  oatmeal,  rolled  oats,  etc 

All  other  products 


1909 


1767,676,479 

806,247,961 

496,480,314 

209,281,237 

11,503,909 

7,156,062 

24,509,770 

50,241,598 

7,075,011 


>|««3,684,405 

105,756,645 
S550,116,254 

105,321,969 
1548,017,654 

434,676 
•2,098,600 

1,532,139 
66,383,538 

176,081,891 
64,663,561 

28,550,952 
6486,000 

21,552,737 
666,941,095 

827,987,702 
612,509,493 

5,132.369 
6140,541,915 

4,104,042 
689,814,427 

64,720,106 

67,408,016 


19M 


1899 


6619,971,161 

754,945,729 

494,095,063 

178,217,321 

11,480,370 

6,531,306 

18,628,552 

45,381,009 

612,069 


'6713,033,395 

104,013,278 
6480,258,514 

103,608,350 
6478,484,601 

404,928 
61,773,913 

1,503,100 
65,892,108 

175.354.062 
64,379,359 

68,508,655 
6922,884 

23,624,693 
656,368,556 

756,861,398 
68,455,420 

3,456,786 
676,096,127 

4,468,626 
676,105,532 

(•) 
64,554,895 


6428,116,797 

729,061,820 
471,306,986 
180,573,076 
10,068,381 
5,490,156 
10,067,348 
47,175,766 
4,360,107 


6501,396,804 

99,763,777 
6333,997,686 

?! 

1,443,339 
64,145,565 

143,190,724 
63, 190, 152 

91.275,646 
6963,710 

27,838,811 
652,167,739 

291,726,145 
62,567,084 

3,993,080 
663,011,421 

3,164,408 
636,679,196 

(') 
64,673,751 


'  In  addition,  merchant-ground  products,  valued  at  61,637,228,  were  made  by 
establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  desifcnation.  The  items  covered  by  this  amount  were 
wheat  flour,  105,477  barrels,  valued  at  $614,952;  com  meal,  32,804  barrels,  valued  at 
687,507;  rye  flour,  2,620  barrels,  valued  at  $12,330;  feed.  33,765  tons,  valued  at  6907,165; 
and  oflal,  627  tons,  valued  at  $15,274;  and  in  addition,  "breakfast  foods."  to  the 
value  of  $36,978,613,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  food  preparations.  See  note  to  table  on  page  513,  for  custom  ground 
by-products. 

» In  addition, "  breakfast  foods,"  to  the  value  of  $23,904,952,  were  made  by  estab- 
lishments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  food  preparations. 

»  Not  reported  separately. 

Rice,  cleaning  and  polishing. — The  following  table 
presenting  statistics  for  the  cleaning  and  pohshing  of 


rice  includes  the  quantity  of  rice  milled,  whether  on 
a  custom  or  exchange  basis  or  in  merchant  mills. 
In  1909  there  were  974,747,475  pounds  of  rice  treated, 
as  compared  with  398,602,018  pounds  in  1899,  an 
increase  of  144.5  per  cent.  The  amount  for  1909, 
however,  was  a  httle  less  than  that  for  1904.  In  1909 
there  were  only  3,873,735  pounds  of  foreign  rough  rice 
treated,  as  against  39,414,459  pounds  in  1899.  At- 
tention is  called  to  the  fact  that  in  1909  whole  rice 
formed  76.3  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  of  cleaned 
rice  and  broken  rice  23.7  per  cent,  whereas  in  1904 
whole  rice  formed  65.9  per  cent  and  broken  rice  34.1 
per  cent  of  the  cleaned-rice  product. 


Table  37 


KouKh  rice  milled,  pounds. 

Domestic 

Foreign 


Total  value. 
Clean  rice: 

Pounds 

Value 

Whole- 
Pounds 

Value 

Broken— 

Pounds 

Value 

Polish: 

Pounds 

Value 

Bran: 

Pounds 

Value 


Hulls  and  waste  .. 
All  other  products 


1909 


974,747,475 

970,873,740 

3,873,735 


> 622, 371,457 

626.089,489 
620,685,982 

477,589,004 
617,398,736 

148,500,485 
63,287,246 

29,821,813 
6362,052 

91,208,529 
6736,215 

6166,147 
6421,061 


1904 


999,727,650 

990,473,025 
9,254,025 


618,294,916 

023,900,245 
615,357,133 

411.208,943 
612,077,124 

212,691,302 
63,280,009 

33,290,331 
6267,647 

120,694,130 
6501, 193 

6116,300 
654,583 


1899 


398,602,018 

359,187,559 
39,414,459 


68,723,726 

243,031,200 
(•) 

(•) 
(') 

(') 
(') 

15,134,648 
(») 

69,265,012 
(') 

(') 
(») 


•  In  addition,  48,150  pounds  of  clean  rice,  valued  at  61.449,  were  produced  by 
establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  oi  products  other  than 
those  covered  by  the  mdustry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing. — Table  38  presents 
statistics  for  the  wholesale  slaughtering  and  meat- 
packing industry.  It  includes  the  manufacture  of 
sausage  when  done  in  connection  with  slaughtering 
or  meat  packing  or  when  carried  on  in  independent 
establishments,  but  it  does  not  include  the  rendering 
of  lard  in  independent  estabhshments  or  the  opera- 
tions of  retail  butchers.  The  cost  of  all  materials 
reported  for  the  industry  was  $1,202,827,784  in  1909 
and  $685,310,099  in  1899,  an  increase  of  75.5  per 
cent.  The  total  value  of  products  increased  from 
$788,367,647  in  1899  to  $1,370,568,101  in  1909,  or  73.8 
per  cent. 

A  portion  of  the  dressed  meat  reported  as  material 
was  obtained  from  slaughtering  estabhshments  in- 
cluded in  the  tabulation,  and  therefore  is  duplicated 
in  the  total  value  of  products. 

On  account  of  the  higher  prices  in  1909,  the  per- 
centages of  increase  in  value  from  1899  to  1909  for 
the  different  kinds  of  products  are  somewhat  greater 
than  the  percentages  of  increase  in  quantity.     This  is 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


478 

especially  marked  in  the  case  of  pork,  which  shows  an 
increase  of  only  16,421,398  pounds,  or  less  than  1  per 
cent,  from  1899  to  1909,  while  the  value  of  the  product 


increased  $166,376,042,  or  51.9  percent.  The  quantity 
of  lard  increased  223,785,765  pounds,  or  21.9  per  cent, 
while  its  value  increased  $73,256,353,  or  119.8  per  cent. 


Table  38 


UATERULS. 
Total  cost 

Animals  slaughtered 

Beeves- 
Number 

Cost 

Weight,  pounds— 
On  the  hoof... 
Dressed 

Calves- 
Number 

Cost 

Weight,  pounds— 
On  the  hoof... 
Dressed 

Sheep- 
Number 

Cost 

Weight,  pounds— 
On  the  hoof... 
Dressed 

Hogs- 
Number 

Cost 

Weight,  pounds— 
On  the  hoof... 
Dressed 

Goats  and  kids- 
Number 

Cost 

All  other 

Dressed  meat,  purchased  . 

All  other  materials 

PEODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Beef:« 

Pounds 

Value 

Freeh- 
Pounds 

Value 

Salted  or  cured— 

Pounds 

Value 

Veal,  fresh: 

Pounds 

Value 

Mutton,  fresh: 

Pounds 

Value 

Pork:  > 

Pounds..^ 

Value 

Freeh- 
Pounds 

Value 


1909 


$1,802,887,784 

$960,725,681 

8,114,860 
$392,127,010 

8,265,991,836 
4,409,718,922 

2,504,728 
$25,030,014 

419,604,080 
262,315,076 

12,255,501 
$59,924,931 

987,566,521 
496,640,869 

33,870,616 
$483,383,848 

6,866,832,417 
5,201,902,778 

33,224 
$121,230 

$138,548 

$93,409,286 

$148,692,917 


$1,370,568,101 


4,335, 
$339, 

4,209, 
$327, 

126, 
$12, 

252, 
»25, 

495, 
$50, 

4,377, 
$486, 

1,547, 
$158, 


674,330 
742,608 

196,668 
683,466 

477,662 
159,162 

997,078 
068,886 

457,894 
735,116 

127,187 
845, 161 

494,184 
714,862 


1904 


$811,426,562 

$675,893,676 

7,147,835 
$289,040,930 

7,485,407,944 
4,066,264,877 

1,568,130 
$12,665,567 

261,683,672 
161,049,581 

10,875,339 
$44,359,804 

930,168,367 
464,872,621 

30,977,639 
$329,765,480 

6,586,349,782 
6,048,832,850 

(') 
(') 

$61,905 

$53,114,957 

$82,416,929 


$922,037,588 

3,884,952,074 
$266,204,676 

3,748,065,377 
$247,096,724 

136,896,697 
$8,107,952 

154,212,652 
$12,856,309 

460,754,244 
$36,880,466 

4,147,834,872 
$340,586,644 

1,224,932,910 
$91,749,323 


1809 


$685,310,099 

$570,183,432 

5,625,824 
$247,146,262 

6,908,165,706 
3,222,733,617 

883,857 
$7,252,645 

124,354,340 
79,498,483 

9, 110, 172 
$36,859,832 

764,269,802 
389,132,646 

30,595,522 
$278,370,494 

6,676,709,331 
6,203,280,487 

(') 
(1) 

$554,299 

$64,247,986 

$60,878,681 


$788,367,647 

3,055,241,979 
$220,495,401 

2,917,653,476 
$210,833,647 

137,588,603 
$9,661,764 

84,548,128 
$7,709,772 

400,812,014 
$32,681,457 

4,360,705,789 
$320,469,119 

1,222,007,411 
$83,934,324 


PBODUCTS— continued . 

Pork » —Continued . 

Salted- 
Pounds 

Value 

Hams- 
Pounds 

Value 

Shoulders- 
Pounds 

Value 

Bacon  and  sides — 

Pounds 

Value 

Sausage,  fresh  or  cured 

All  other  fresh  meat: 

Pounds 

Value 

Canned  goods: 

Pounds 

Value 

Lard: 

Pounds 

Value 

Tallow  or  oleo  stock: 

Pounds 

Value 

Oleo  oil: 

Gallons 

Value 

Other  oils: 

Gallons 

Value 

Oleomargarine: 

Pounds  

Value 

Stearin: 

Pounds 

Value 

Glue  and  gelatine: 

Poimds 

Value 

Fertilizers  and  fertilizer  materials: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Value 

Hides: 

Number 

Pounds 

Value 

Sheep  pelts: 

Number 

Value 

Goat  and  kid  skins: 

Number 

Value 

Wool: 

Pounds 

Value 

Amount  received  for  custom  or 
contract  work , 

All  other  products 


1909 


952,130,657 
$96,959,048 

789,861,744 
$101,089,390 

346,294,769 
$33,226,458 

741,345,933 
$97,856,403 

$59,664,682 

267,809,083 
$16,392,768 

121,376,837 
$16,345,643 

1,243,567,604 
$134,396,587 

202,844,139 
$13,499,669 

19,692,172 
$16,475,726 

11,343,186 
$6,360,745 

42,912,466 
$5,963,981 

54.957,997 
$6,871,936 

27,936,035 
$1,944,338 

362, 136 
$8,726,818 

9,560,138 
604,663,930 
$68,401,515 

11,691,308 
$11,404,556 

33,359 
$20,679 

21,858,926 
$8,327,096 

$1,329,739 

$93,170,064 


1904 


1,558,886,266 
$116,626,710 


1,364,015,706 
$132,210,611 


$33,179,235 

124,307,681 
$9,579,718 

(') 
$16,114,665 

1,169,086,400 
$82,540,964 

0) 
0) 

19,454,799 
$10,201,911 

4,893,133 
$2,695,951 

?i 

s 

17,626,456 
$1,087,719 

369,074 
$7,204,061 

8,039,204 
456,443,857 
$44,206,107 

11,344,644 
$8,964,643 

(') 

16,377,333 
$5,229,521 

$198,825 

$55,406,064 


1899 


1,371,384,691 
$88,363,629 


1,767,313,787 
$148,171,168 


$25,982,709 

80,387,411 
$7,810,653 

112,443,021 
$9,166,931 

1,019,781,839 
$61,140,234 

(1) 

19,111,120 
$11,482,542 

8,240,569 
$3,438,358 

?! 

168,506 
$3,300,042 

6,249,414 
335,968,207 
$33,883,026 

(>) 
0) 

^'} 
(') 

13,176,685 
$3,334,439 

$141,154 

$47,331,910 


•  Figures  not  available. 

Sugar. — ^Tables  39,  40,  and  41  show  the  quantity 
and  value  of  the  products  made  from  sugar  beets 
and  sugar  cane  of  domestic  growth,  and  the  quantity 
of  beets  grown  and  the  acreage  devoted  to  this  crop. 
They  do  not  include  statistics  for  maple  sugar  and 
sirup,  or  for  sirup  produced  on  farms  from  sugar 
and  sorghum  cane,  or  the  data  for  establishments 
engaged  primarily  in  the  refining  of  cane  sugar  or 
molasses.  The  value  of  products  of  the  domestic  beet- 
sugar  and  cane-sugar  mills  amounted  to  $77,991,683. 
In  1909  the  value  of  products  of  the  refineries 
above  mentioned  aggregated  $248,628,659.  Of  this 
value  the  cost  of  materials,  which  consist  chiefly  of 
raw  sugar  imported  from  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Hawaii, 
and  the  Phihppines,  represented  90.9  per  cent.     The 


'  Includes  only  the  products  specified. 

combined  value  of  products  of  all  establishments 
producing  raw  or  refined  sugar  was  $326,620,342  in 
1909.  This  amount  includes  some  duplication  in  the 
case  of  raw  sugar  produced  by  cane  mills  and  used  as 
material  for  the  refineries. 

As  shown  by  Tables  39,  40,  and  41,  the  total  pro- 
duction of  sugar  in  1909  from  beets  and  cane  of  domestic 
growth  was  828,540  tons,  of  which  beet  sugar  consti- 
tuted 60.6  per  cent  and  cane  sugar  39.4  per  cent. 
The  output  of  beet  sugar  increased  more  than  five- 
fold in  quantity  since  1899,  while  the  production  of 
cane  sugar,  for  which  statistics  for  previous  censuses 
can  not  be  presented  in  comparable  form,  has  in- 
creased but  slightly.  The  ton  of  2,000  founds  is  used 
in  showing  quantities. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


479 


Table  39 

1909 

Tons. 

Value. 

Xotal                       

$77,991,683 

48,122,383 

29,869,300 

828,540 
501,682 
326,858 

72,033,302 

Beet       

45,937,629 

26,095,673 

5,958,381 

Beet                              

2,184,754 

3,773,627 

The  following  table  presents  the  statistics  for  the 
beet-sugar  industry  for  the  censuses  of  1909,  1904, 
and  1899: 


Table  40 


Acreaee  of  sugar  beeti,  total  planted. 

Directly  by  factory 

By  tenants  of  factory 

On  contract  by  others  than  tenants 
of  factory 


Beets  used,  tons 

Grown  directly  by  factory 

Grown  by  tenants  of  factory 

Grown  on  contract  by  others  than 
tenants  of  factory 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  valne. 
Sugar: 

Granulated- 
Tons 

Value 

Raw- 
Tons 

Value 

Molasses  or  sirup: 

Gallons 

Value 


Beet  pulp 

All  other  products. 


1909 


415,964 

29,459 
18, 166 

368,339 

8,966,356 

26C,  71.8 
163, 843 

3,534,745 


$48,122,383 


496,807 
•45,645,810 

4,875 
1291,819 

20,812,747 
•1,129,905 

•795,900 
•258,949 


1904 


240,757 

20,484 
20,223 

200,050 

2,176,417 

lli9, 839 
210,247 

1,795,331 


•24,393,794 


248,309 
•23,493,373 


5,612 
•431,229 


9,609,542 
•221,097 


•202,070 
•46,025 


1899 


135,305 

10, 239 
13, 074 

111,992 

794,658 

23,241 
95,071 

676,346 


•7,323,857 


57,843 
•5,580,527 

2.3,886 
•1,642,054 

13,551,856 
•25,102 

•21,822 
•54,352 


Table  4 1 


>  Includes  quantities  for  which  no  value  could  be  given;  also  wastage. 

The  statistics  for  cane  mills  for  1909  are  shown  in 
detail  in  Table  41. 


1909 


Total  valae 

Sugar: ' 

Tons 

Value 

Vacuum  pan — 

Tons 

Value 

Brown  (open-kettle  process) — 

Tons 

Value 

Molasses  (liquid  product  from  which  more  or  less  sugar  has  been 
extracted): 

Gallons 

Value 

Sirup  (liquid  product  from  which  no  sugar  has  been  extracted): 

Gallons , 

Value » 

All  other  products ' 


1  •30,620,788 

326,858 
$26,095,673 

323,180 
$25,794,287 

3,678 
$301,386 


24, 587, 581 
$2, 845, 659 

1,449,860 
$365,632 

$1,313,874 


»  Does  not  include  the  operations  of  four  establishments  which  manufacture 
sugar,  two  of  which  were  operated  in  coimection  with  penal  institutions  and  two  of 
which  were  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of^products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  Industry  designation.  The  output  of  these  establishments  was 
7,281  tons  of  sugar  and  693,302  gallons  of  molasses. 

>  Cane  sugar  manufactured  direct  from  cane,  not  including  the  reflning  of  raw 
sugar  purchased . 

*  The  value  of  sirup  produced  by  establishments  which  manufacture  no  sugar 
is  included  under  "All  other  products." 

TEXTILES, 

Statistics  are  presented  for  several  branches  of  the 
textile  and  allied  manufacturing  industries,  designated 
as  follows:  Carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag;  cordage 
and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods;  cotton  goods,  in- 
cluding cotton  small  wares;  hats,  fur-felt;  hosiery  and 
knit  goods;  oilcloth  and  linoleum;  shoddy;  silk  and 
silk  goods,  including  throwsters;  and  woolen,  worsted, 
and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats. 

Table  42  shows  the  development  of  the  textile 
industry  since  1850.  It  covers  all  the  industries 
mentioned  above  except  the  manufacture  of  fur-felt 
hats  and  of  oilcloth  and  linoleum,  for  which  statistics 
are  shown  in  separate  tables,  and  also  includes  the 
dyeing  and  finishing  of  textiles. 


Table  42 


1909  (census 
1904  (census 
1899 (census 
1889 (census 
1879 (census 
1869 (census 
1859 (census 
1849  (census 


of  1910) 
of  1905) 
of  1900) 
of  1890) 
of  1880) 
of  1870) 
Of  1860) 
of  1850) 


Number 
of  estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


5,352 
4,737 
4,521 
4,420 
4,143 
4,855 
3,058 
3,025 


NUHBES  ENOAOED  IN 
INDDSTEY.l 


Salaried 
employees. 


31,208 

24,372 

17,024 

« 10,851 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number). 


881,128 
742,529 
664,429 
520,196 
« 387,557 
275,655 
194,394 
146,877 


Capital. 


$1,841,242,131 

1,351,451,715 
1,049,636,201 
772,673,605 
414,179,946 
298,611,518 
150,205,852 
112,513,947 


Salaries. 


$49,123,634 

32,862,121 

23,532,773 

'12,743,405 

(') 

(') 

(•) 

') 


Wages. 


$335,398,736 
250,514,233 
210,069,411 
169,422,053 
105,642,824 
86,784,211 
40,410,946 
(») 


Cost  of 
materials. 


$992,635,299 
753,174,981 
527,209,771 
454,272,489 
306,495,799 
354,452,813 
113,082,036 
76,715,959 


Value  of 
products. 


$1,684,636,499 
1,225,686,444 
940,052,688 
768,357,254 
538,401,222 
522,312,413 
215,166,444 
128,769,971 


Value 

added  by 

manufacture. 


$695,001,200 
472,511,463 
412,842,917 
314,084,766 
231,905,423 
167,859,600 
102,084,408 
52,054,012 


1  Not  inchiding  proprietors  and  firm  members.  « Includes  proprietors  and  firm  members  with  their  salaries.  •  Not  reported  separately. 

<  Includes  2,115  officers  and  clerks  whose  salaries  were  not  reported.  '  Not  reported  fully. 


The  combined  products  of  the  industry  in  1909 
were  valued  at  $1,684,636,499,  an  increase  of 
$744,583,811,  or  79.2  per  cent,  over  the  total  for  1899. 
The  total  includes  considerable  duphcation  of  values, 
but  probably  no  more,  relatively,  than  at  previous 
censuses. 

The  percentage  of  increase  since  1899  is  the  highest 
for  any  decade  since  that  from  1859-1869.    In    1909 


cotton  goods  contributed  37.3  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  all  products  represented  in  the  total;  the  products 
of  the  woolen  industries,  including  carpets  and  rugs, 
30.1  per  cent;  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  11.9  per  cent; 
silk  goods,  11.7  per  cent;  cordage  and  twine  and  jute 
and  linen  goods,  3.6  per  cent;  shoddy,  four-tenths  of 
1  per  cent;  and  the  dyeing  and  finishing  of  textiles 
by  independent  estabhshments,  5  per  cent. 


480 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


The  following  table  gives  the  number  of  producing 
spindles  in  active  textile  mills  at  the  time  of  each  cen- 
sus from  1869  to  1909,  inclusive.  It  does  not  include 
spindles  in  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  textiles,  nor  spin- 
dles employed  on  flax,  hemp,  jute,  and  allied  fibers,  of 
which  latter  class  142,169  were  returned  in  1909. 


Table  43 

NTTMBEB  OF  SPINDLES. 

Total.. 

Cotton. 

SUk. 

Woolen. 

Worsted. 

1909  (censusof  1910).. 
1904  (censusof  1905).. 
1899  (census  of  1900).. 
1889(censu80fl890).. 
1879  (census  of  1880).. 
ISeO  (census  of  1870).. 

33,866,479 
28,721,742 
23,901,557 
118,092,133 
»  13,170,743 
»  9,338,953 

28,178,862 
23,672,064 
19,463,984 
14,384,180 
10,653,435 
7,280,800 

1,777,962 

1,394,020 

1,213,493 

718,360 

262,312 

12,040 

2,156,849 
2,456,389 
2,229,181 
2,332,269 
1,915,070 
1,845,496 

1,752,806 
1,199,269 
994,899 
657,324 
339,926 
200,617 

1  Includes  some  accessory  spindles,  except  for  silk. 

The  percentage  of  increase  in  the  total  number  of 
spindles  was  greater  from  1899  to  1909  than  for  any 
other  decade  shown.  In  1909  cotton  spindles  formed 
83.2  per  cent  of  the  total  number,  silk  spindles  5.2  per 
cent,  and  woolen  and  worsted  spindles  combined  11.5 
per  cent.  In  1909  cotton  spindles  represented  a 
slightly  larger  proportion  of  all  spindles  than  in  1904 
and  1899  and  woolen  and  worsted  spindles  a  slightly 
smaller  proportion. 

The  loom  equipment  of  active  establishments  at  the 
time  of  the  several  censuses,  beginning  with  that  of 
1869,  is  presented  in  the  following  table.  It  does  not 
include  looms  in  establishments  engaged  primarily  in 
the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  textiles,  nor 
looms  employed  on  flax,  hemp,  jute,  and  similar 
fibers.  Cotton  looms  operated  by  power  formed  80.6 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  power  looms  in 
1909;  silk  looms,  9.1  per  cent;  and  those  employed  in 
the  woolen  industry,  which  includes  the  manufacture 
of  woolen  and  worsted  goods  and  carpets  and  rugs, 
10.2  per  cent.  In  1899  the  corresponding  percentages 
were  79.5  for  cotton  looms,  7.7  for  silk,  and  12.8  for 
those  in  the  woolen  industries. 


Table  44 


CLASS  or  LOOMS  AND 

CENSUS. 


Power: 

1909 1 
19041 
18991 
18891 
18791 
18691 
Hand: 
1909 
1904 
1899 
1889 
1879 
1809 


census  of  1910) 
census  of  1905) 
census  of  1900) 
census  of  1890) 
census  of  1880) 
census  of  1870) 


(census 
(census 
(census 
(census 
(census 
(census 


of  1910) 
of  1905) 
of  1900) 
of  1890) 
of  1880) 
of  1870) 


NUMBER  OF  LOOMS. 


Total. 


825,478 
096,785 
573,214 
412,441 
285,494 
200,791 

248 
1,039 
1,311 
4,823 
7,929 
4,163 


Used  in  the  manufacture  of— 


Cotton 


665,652 
559,781 
455,752 
324,866 
227,383 
157,748 

^'> 
C) 
(■) 
(') 
(') 
(') 


Silk 
goods. 


75,406 
69,775 
44,257 
20,822 
5,321 
1,281 

(») 

283 

173 

1,747 

3,153 

188 


Woolen 
goods. 


33,148 
38, 104 
36,734 
38,523 
32,955 
34,183 


Worsted 
goods. 


39,476 
28, 123 
26,630 
19, 929 
11,703 
6,128 


41 
66 
83 
448 
781 
(') 


Carpets 
and 
rugs. 


11,796 
11,002 
9,841 
8,301 
8,132 
1,451 

207 
690 
1,055 
2,628 
3,995 
3,975 


1  Not  reported. 


*  Included  with  power  looms. 


Carpets  and   mgs.— The  following   table   presents 
statistics  for  the  manufacture  of  carpets  and 
exclusive  of  rag  and  grass  carpets  and  rugs. 


rugs, 


Table  45 


MATEBIALS. 


Total  cost 

Wool,  in  condition  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost....i 

Equivalent  of  above  in  scoured  con- 

di  tion,  pounds 

Animal  hair: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Partly  manufactured  materials  not  made 
in  mill  reporting: 
Waste  and  noils- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Yarns- 
Woolen — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Worsted — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Linen — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Jute,  ramie,  and  other  vegetable 
fiber — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Chemicals  and  dyestuffs 


All  other  materials. 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  valne 

Carpets: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Axminster  and  Moquette 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wilton- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Brussels- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Tapestry  velvet- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Tapestry  Brussels- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Ingrain — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Rugs,  woven  whole: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Axminster  and  Moquette- 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wilton- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Brussels — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Tapestry  velvet- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Tapestry  Brussels — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Ingrain  art  squares- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Smyrna — 

Squareyards 

Value 

other- 
Square  yards 

Value 


All  other  products . 


MACHINERY. 


Sets  of  cards , 

Woolen 

Worsted 

Cotton 

Spindles 

Producing 

Doubling  and  twisting. 
Looms,  all  classes 


1909 


$39,563,004 

64,135,020 
$11,752,396 

51,474,353 

5,400,944 
$474,057 

5, 147, 130 
$533,  .302 


2,732,034 
$513,392 


25,718,747 
$5,036,118 

11,292,749 
$5,588,915 

26,166,241 
$4,772,594 

8,792,876 
$1,606,009 


55,592,343 
$3,926,694 
$1,729,492 

$3,630,035 


'  $71,188,162 

57,176,729 
$48,475,889 

12,507,261 
$13,680,806 

4,676,368 
$8,737,768 

3,960,626 
$5,216,607 

» 6, 927, 198 
» $5, 514, 130 

11,405,514 
$8,576,906 

17,799,762 
$6,749,67* 

24,042,152 
$18,490,449 

3,184,097 
$3,691,900 

767,248 
$1,381,562 

475,831 
$333,582 

3,732,972 
$3,613,063 

5,672,962 
$4,422,427 

6,131,862 
$2,408,960 

1,400,233 
$1,660,322 

2,676,947 
$1,078,633 

$4,221,814 


745 

456 

180 

109 

252,096 

211,472 

40,624 

12,271 


1904 


$37,947,954 

51,320,521 
$10,431,146 

31,551,895 

6,805,802 
$593,588 

1,997,369 
$251, 112 


2,172,481 
$341,309 


32,431,400 
$6,648,001 

11,355,993 
$5,405,072 

27,421,831 
$4,757,850 

8,228,200 
$1,355,892 


49,119,558 
$3,404,516 
$1,467,476 

$3,291,992 


1  $61,586,433 

66,426,033 
$43,991,125 

6,413,686 
$6,368,757 

1,297,872 
$2,726,667 

3,024,162 
$3,898,675 

•8,033,288 
'$7,754,681 

14,099,074 
$9,955,043 

33,557,951 
$13,287,302 

16,244,810 
$12,870,650 

1,767,920 
$2,107,383 

1,097,186 
$1,983,777 

?i 

2,009,834 
$1,509,673 

7,135,546 
$2,785,457 

3,828,282 
$4,134,500 

406,042 
$349,860 

$4,724,658 


389 

238 

59 

255,347 

211,331 

44,016 

13,863 


1899 


$48,192,361 


2,686,493 
$2,979,867 

4,280,066 
$3,743,363 

8,737,449 
$5,520,665 

39,920,849 
$14,368,930 

12,171,289 
$8,146,232 

327,598 
$342,262 

339,784 
$545,967 

(') 

(•) 
(») 

18,750 
$9,000 

2,722,323 
$1,175,951 

3,651,661 
$3,680,618 

6,111,173 
$2,391,434 

$4,641,193 


<468 


209,206 
167, 123 
42,083 
12,511 


» In  addition,  in  1909  carpets  and  rugs,  to  the  value  of  $479,161 ,  and  in  1904,  to  the 
value  of  $70,000,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufactur* 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

*  Includes  Wilton  velvet. 
'  Not  reported  separately. 

*  Not  reported  fully. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


The  aggregate  production  of  carpets  and  rugs 
increased  from  76,410,050  square  yards  in  1899  to 
81,218,881  square  yards  in  1909,  or  only  6.3  per  cent, 
but  the  value  of  the  output  increased  from  $43,551,158 
in  1899  to  $66,966,338  in  1909,  or  53.8  per  cent.  The 
increase  has  been  in  all  classes  of  rugs  except  Smyrna 
and  "other  rugs"  and  in  all  classes  of  carpets  except 
ingrain.  The  cost  of  materials  used  increased  at  a  rate 
almost  equal  to  that  of  the  value  of  products.  The 
total  carpet  product  decreased  1 1  per  cent  in  quantity 
during  the  decade,  but  increased  36.9  per  cent  in  value. 
The  output  of  pUe  carpets  increased  61.9  per  cent  in 
quantity  and  98.3  per  cent  in  value,  while  that  of 
woven  ply  or  ingrain  carpets  decreased  55.4  per  cent 
in  quantity  and  53  per  cent  in  value.  The  production 
of  rugs  woven  whole  increased  97.5  per  cent  in  quantity 
and  127  per  cent  in  value.  More  than  two-thirds  of 
the  fiber  material  used  in  the  manufacture  of  carpets  is 
yam  purchased,  and  to  the  extent  that  this  yarn  is 
manufactured  by  carpet  miUs  there  is  a  duplication  in 
the  products. 

'  Cordage  and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods. — ^Table 
46  presents  statistics  for  the  manufacture  of  cordage 
and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods,  including  nets  and 
seines,  but  does  not  include  the  figures  for  these  classes 
of  goods  produced  in  penal  institutions  or  in  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  prod- 
ucts other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  desig- 
nation. 

The  principal  products  manufactured  in  this  coun- 
try from  flax,  hemp,  and  jute  fibers  are  twine,  rope, 
and  thread,  and  yarns  for  sale  to  estabhshments 
using  chiefly  cotton,  wool,  and  sUk  fibers. 

The  production  of  linen  toweling  and  other  linen 
woven  goods  increased  decidedly  between  1899  and 
1909,  but  this  item  is  not  shown  separately  in  the  table, 
because  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  total  product 
is  manufactured  by  one  estabhshment. 

The  output  of  gunny  bagging  decreased  from 
74,090,760  square  yards  in  1899  to  69,311,288  square 
yards  in  1909,  while  its  value  increased  from  $3,462,479 
to  $3,507,482.  The  aggregate  rope  and  twine  product  in 
1909  was  504,020,697  pounds,  valued  at  $42,864,658, 
as  compared  with  343,656,384  pounds,  valued  at 
$31,250,468,  in  1899.  In  1899  cotton  rope  and  twine 
formed  3  per  cent  of  the  total  output  of  the  cordage 
and  twine  industry,  and  in  1909,  7.4  per  cent. 
This  class  of  products  increased  260.6  per  cent  in 
quantity  and  372.9  per  cent  in  value  during  the  dec- 
ade, while  rope  and  twine  of  all  other  fiber  increased 
40  per  cent  in  quantity  and  21.6  per  cent  in  value. 
In  addition  to  the  cotton  rope  and  twine  product 
included  in  the  figures  given  above,  21,319,678  pounds, 
valued  at  $3,581,917,  were  made  in  1909  in  mills 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  goods. 

72497°— 13- — 31  + 


Table  46 


MATERIALS. 


Total  cost. 


Hard  fibers: 

Sisal  and  manila  hemp — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Other  kinds — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Soft  fibers: 

Jute — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Jute  butts- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Flax  and  flax  tow- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Hemp  and  hemp  tow — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton: 

Pounds 

Cost 


Yams,  purchased: 

Cotton- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Flax  hempjute,  and  ramie- 
Pounds 

Cost 


All  other  materials . 


Total  ndne. 


Rope  and  binder  twine 

Sisal- 
Pounds 

Value 

Manila — 

Pounds 

Value 

Cotton  rope — 

Pounds 

Value 

Jute  rope — 

Pounds 

Value 

AU  other- 
Pounds 

Value 


Twine,  not  including  binder 

Cotton- 
Pounds 

Value 

Jute- 
Pounds 

Value 

Henip— 

Pounds 

Value 

Flax- 
Pounds 

Value 

Flax  or  hemp  mixed  with  jute- 
Pounds 

Value 


Yams  for  sale 

Jute- 
Pounds 

Value 

Flax  and  hemp — 

Pounds 

Value 

other- 
Pounds  

Value 

Linen  thread: 

Pounds 

Value 


Gunny  bagging: 
Square  yards. 
Value 


Jute  carpets  and  rugs: 

Square  yards 

Value 


All  other  products  . 


190» 


140,914,810 


335,460,574 
$19,314,306 

17,222,998 
$707,802 


121,992,427 
$4,134,265 

138,364,122 
$2,033,176 

26,954,785 
$3,174,609 

19,724,070 
$1,496,125 

27,624,490 
$2,922,933 


7,077,959 
$1,291,699 

2,676,367 
$445,378 

$5,394,617 


I  $61,019,986 

$33,930,306 

225,756,526 
$15,960,280 

150,169,682 
$12,892,347 

16,760,763 
$3,011,613 

27,749,512 
$1,566,160 

7,767,561 
$499,906 

$8,934,352 

20,412,631 
$3,518,036 

35,516,217 
$2,557,744 

8,013,349 
$1,091,291 

2,967,053 
$830,969 

8,907,403 
$936,312 

$5,434,037 

62,512,247 
$4,361,550 

5,486,891 
$982,742 

732,120 
$89,745 

6,530,503 
$3,407,008 

69,311,288 
$3,507,482 

2,206,114 
$549,221 

$5,257,580 


1  In  addition,  cordage  and  twine  and  jute  and  linen  goods  to  the  value  of 
$890,629  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manuf^tura 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

•  Not  reported. 


482 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares. — Table 
47  presents  the  statistics  for  cotton  manufactures,  not 
including  cotton  hosiery  and  knit  goods. 

The  aggregate  value  of  cotton  woven  goods  manu- 
factured, exclusive  of  narrow  weaves,  such  as  tape  and 
webbing,  was  $456,089,401  in  1909,  compared  with 
$243,253,155  in  1899,  an  increase  of  87.5  per  cent  for 
the  decade.  The  rate  of  increase,  however,  in  quan- 
tity was  very  much  less,  6,348,568,593  square  yards  of 
woven  goods  being  reported  in  1909,  compared  with 


4,523,430,616  in  1899,  an  increase  of  40.3  per  cent. 
The  output  of  almost  every  class  of  woven  goods 
increased  during  the  decade. 

The  total  production  of  yarn  in  cotton  mills  in  1909 
was  2,040,290,743  pounds,  of  which  470,370,995 
pounds,  valued  at  $109,314,953,  were  made  for  sale. 
Part  of  this  yarn  was  sold  to  other  cotton  mills, 
thus  involving  duplication  in  the  total  value  of  prod- 
ucts for  the  industry.  Some  of  it  was  sold  to  woolen 
and  silk  mills  and  a  large  quantity  to  knitting  mills. 


Table  47 


Total  cost. 
Cotton: 

Pounds... 

Cost 

Domestic- 
Pounds.  . . 

Cost 

Foreign- 
Pounds... 

Cost 

Cotton  yarn: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton  waste: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Starch: 

Pounds 

Cost 


Chemicals  and  dyestufls. 
All  other  materials 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  value 

Woven  goods: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Plain  cloths  for  printing  or  con- 
verting- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Brown  or  bleached  sheetings  and 
shirtings — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Twills  and  sateens- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Fancy  woven  fabrics- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Ginghams- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Duck- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Drills- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Ticks,  denims,  and  stripes — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Cottonades — 

Square  yards 

Value 


1909 


1371,009,470 

2,335,344,906 
$274,724,210 

2,269,312,974 
$261,547,820 

76,031,932 
$13,176,390 

126,707,003 
$34,384,791 

80,044,061 
$4,225,790 

71,774,574 
$2,114,756 

$4,886,514 
$50,673,409 


1  $628,391,813 

6,348,568,593 
$456,089,401 


2,224,677,848 
$111,097,889 


1,484,353,529 
$88,802,985 

388,314,961 
$34,274,107 

426,710,359 
$47,498,713 

537,430,463 
$37,939,040 

162,476,322 
$27,485,892 

238,869,407 
$17,750,151 

264,870,508 
$27,350,162 

25,676,286 
$3,343,533 


1901 


$286,255,303 

1,876,437,150 
$222,212,749 

1,832,736,744 
$214,615,844 

43,700,406 
$7,596,905 

105,411,516 
$24,611,200 

76,678,645 
$3,814,290 

54,489,534 
$1,506,804 

$4,573,375 
$29,536,885 


$450,467,704 


5,110,308,812 
$324,747,837 


1,818,216,172 
$80,311,612 


1,172,309,182 
$61,253,376 

366,142,513 
$23,701,305 

306,254,685 
$28,486,342 

302,316,132 
$22,471,867 

122,601,212 
$17,005,982 

194,735,303 
$12,596,063 

256,375,486 
$23,797,578 

25,362,346 
$2,998,971 


1S99 


$176,651,627 

1,817,643,390 
$125,169,616 

1,761,798,458 
$119,098,443 

55,844,932 
$6,071,173 

94,692,864 
$17,622,568 

41,234,900 
$1,515,591 

53,800,734 
$1,227,010 

$5,718,107 
$25,298,635 


$339,200,320 


4,523,430,616 
$243,253,155 


1,581,613,827 
$57,780,940 


1,212,403,048 
$55,513,032 

235,860,518 
$14,301,302 

237,841,603 
$21,066,310 

278,392,708 
$16,179,200 

129,234,076 
$14,263,008 

237,206,549 
$11,862,794 

181,800,853 
$16,446,633 

26,323,947 
$2,791,431 


PRODUCTS— continued . 

Woven  goods— Continiied. 
Napped  fabrics- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Corduroy,  cotton,  velvet,  and 
plush- 
Square  yards 

Value..  

Mosquito  and  other  netting — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Upholstering  goods — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Tapestries  (piece  goods  and 
curtains)— 

Square  yards , 

Value 

Lace  and  lace  curtains- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Other- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Bags  and  bagging- 
Square  yards. . ; 

Value 

Cotton  towels  and  toweling— 

Square  yards 

Value 


1909 


Tape  and  webbing  . . . 
Yarns  for  sale: 

Pounds 

Value 

Thread: 

Pounds 

Value 

Twine: 

Pounds 

Value 

Cordage  and  rope: 

Pounds 

Value 

Cotton  waste  for  sale: 

Poimds 

Value 


All  other  products 

MACHINERY. 

Producing  spindles,  number. 
Looms,  all  classes,  number... 


305,655,804 
$25,695,367 


19,706,438 
$6,965,634 

59,100,819 
$2,103,560 

94,840,051 
$14,882,842 


10,657,385 
$4,723,907 

81,007,314 
$8,922,082 

3,175,352 
$1,236,853 

63,107,568 
$4,862,451 

52,778,170 
$6,037,075 

$5,531,674 

470,370,995 
$109,314,953 

23,700,967 
$20,516,269 

13,715,771 
$2,417,391 

7,603,907 
$1,164,526 

310,513,348 
$10,874,386 

$22,483,213 


27,425,608 
665,049 


1904 


330,808,140 
$26,108,315 


16,014,556 
84,790,573 


36,232,918 
$794,953 


66,692,212 
$12,111,698 


9,605,006 
$4,242,506 

53,511,222 
$7,208,211 

2,476,984 
5660,981 

57,067,663 
$3,953,732 

40,280,292 
$4,365,470 

$4,060,488 

364,634,753 
$79,939,687 

17,163,741 
$15,043,043 

7,301,589 
$1,428,994 

C) 

247,649,640 
$10,062,057 

$15,186,598 


23, 195. 143 
559,296 


1899 


268,862,716 
$18,231,044 


7,961,523 
$2,682,017 

41,885,023 
8875,868 

61,314,609 
$8,705,384 


10,166,638 
$4,168,600 

37, 826, 198 
$3,585,138 

3,322,873 
$961,646 

32,739,616 
$2,654,192 

(^) 

h 

$2,521,402 

332,302,621 
$55,216,066 

15,907,068 
$11,908,671 

11,642,718 
$1,646,611 


270,862,613 
$5,563,570 

$19,190,845 


19,050,952 
456,752 


by  thl'taSry°<lSatio°^**^  ***  ^^^  ^*'"*  °'  $2,224,096  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
»  Not  reported  separately. 


Felt  goods.— Table  48  covers  the  statistics  for  all 
estabUshments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  felt  goods  except  those  making  hats.  The  aggre- 
gate value  of  products  of  the  three  felting  indus- 
tries—the manufacture  of  felt  goods,  fur-felt  hats,  and 
wool-felt  hats— was  $64,099,667  in  1909,  $48,035,213 
in  1904,  and  $37,864,818  in  1899,  the  increase  in 
value  from  1899  to  1909  being  69.3  per  cent. 


The  value  of  products  for  the  felt-goods  industry, 
exclusive  of  the  making  of  felt  hats,  was  $11,852,626 
in  1909  and  $6,461,691  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the 
decade  of  83.4  per  cent. 

The  increase  in  the  production  of  endless  belts 
during  the  decade  was  particularly  large,  amounting 
to  191  per  cent  in  quantity  and  215.1  per  cent  in 
value. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


483 


Table  48 


MATEBULS. 

Total  cost 

Wool,  in  condition  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Equivalent  of  above  in  scoured 

condition,  pounds 

Animal  tiair,  etc.: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Stioddy,  mungo,  and  wool  extract: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Waste  and  noils: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Ciiemicals  and  dyestufls 

All  other  materials 

PEODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Felt  cloths: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Trimming  and  lining  felts,  felt  skirts, 
etc.: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Saddle  felts: 

Pounds 

Value 

Endless  belts: 

Pounds 

Value 

Boot  and  shoe  linings: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Hair  felting: 

Square  yards 

Value 

All  other  felts 

All  other  products 

ItACHINEKT. 

Setsof  cards 

Woolen 

Cotton 

Spindles 

Producing 

Doubling  and  twisting 

Looms,  all  classes 


1909 


$6,967,206 

12,409,826 
$3,927,393 

9,308,172 

8,144,011 
$239,244 

1,375,670 
$155,815 

2,536,243 
$261,878 

4,874,712 
$1,220,110 

$219,891 
$942,875 


$11,852,626 


3,764,468 
$1,381,854 


5,953,410 
$1,329,686 

1,650,991 
$575,849 

3,243,034 
$3,417,822 

1,661,090 
$514,456 

1,159,999 
$531,045 

$3,549,876 
$552,038 


473 

472 

1 

30,353 

29,463 

890 

408 


1904 


$5,764,026 

11,868,2.38 
$3,388,588 

8,131,082 

6,974,634 
$373,797 

1,982,624 
$217,200 

1,532,127 
$157,031 

1,948,969 
$452,509 

$189, 750 
$975, 151 


$8,948,594 


3,689,610 
$1,830,627 


5,145,340 
$1,188,908 


1,770,124 
$1,707,216 


2,823,137 
$781,450 


605,214 
$191,998 


$2,502,894 
9655,501 


463 

451 

12 

17,817 

17,457 

360 

265 


1899 


$3,801,028 

9,606,263 
$2,196,440 

6,468,097 

2,819,521 
$125,803 

1,225,850 
$77,683 

712,373 
$80,737 

2,653,590 
$552,992 

$128,296 
$639,077 


$6,461,691 


2,056,002 
$548,543 


2,469,830 
$796,718 


1,114,357 
$1,084,835 

1,052,538 
$540,110 

125,000 
$56,950 

$2,261,918 
$1,172,617 


>302 


24,286 

33,235 

1,051 

284 


>  Not  f  oUy  reported. 

Hats,  fur-felt  and  wool-felt. — The  total  output  in 
1909  of  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  fur-felt  or  wool-felt  hats  was  42,962,508  hats 
of  all  varieties,  valued  at  $47,089,253;  in  1904  it  was 
36,695,952  hats,  valued  at  $36,604,304;  and  in  1899, 
32,325,564  hats,  valued  at  $28,546,867.  Fur-felt  hats, 
generally  known  as  felt  hats,  formed  83.5  per  cent  of 
the  total  number  in  1909  and  69.9  per  cent  in  1899, 
while  wool-felt  hats,  generally  known  as  wool  hats, 
formed  16.5  per  cent  of  the  total  in  1909  and  30.1  per 
cent  in  1899. 

There  is  some  duplication  in  value  of  products,  due 
to  the  use  of  felt  hat  bodies  and  hats  in  the  rough 
made  at  one  estabhshment  as  material  at  another. 

The  following  table  gives  the  quantity  and  value 
of  the  materials  and  products  of  the  fur-felt  hat 
industry  m  1909,  1904,  and  1899.  The  products 
increased  in  value  72.1  per  cent  during  the  decade, 
and  the  number  of  fibnished  hats  increased  58.8  per 
cent. 


Table  49 

1909 

1904 

1899 

MATERIALS. 

Total  cost    

$22,109,231 

8,645,576 
$9,278,922 

406,447 
$2,575,248 

$843,587 
$9,411,474 

1  $47,864,630 

2,989,252 
$43,442,466 

366,370 
$2,703,738 

$1,164,872 
$553,554 

$15,976,206 

6,718,359 
$6,743,936 

211,760 
$1,351,372 

$1,140,281 

$6,739,617 

1  $36,629,363 

2,611,875 
$34,314,234 

88,986 
$660,959 

$1,093,361 
$560,799 

$13,613,668 

6,166,269 
$6,376,991 

148,212 

Uatters'  fur: 

Cost 

Fur-felt  hat  bodies  and  hats  In  the  rough: 
Dozens 

Cost 

$882  986 

Chemicals  and  dyestufls 

$656,794 
$5,596,897 

$27,811,187 

1,882,372 
$25,385,506 

165,010 
$992,730 

$941,032 
$491,919 

All  other  materials 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Fur-felt  hats: 

Dozens 

Value 

Fur-felt  hat  bodies  and  hats  in  the  rough: 
Dozens 

Value 

All  other  products  

Work  on  materials  for  others 

'  In  addition,  in  1909,  fur-felt  hats,  to  the  value  of  $806,601,  and  In  1904,  to  the  value 
of  $333,441,  were  made  by  estal)lishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of 
products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry  designation. 

The  statistics  for  the  manufacture  of  wool-felt  hats 
are  given  in  the  following  table.  The  increase  in  the 
total  value  of  all  products  for  the  decade  was  22.1 
per  cent.  The  output  of  finished  wool  hats  in  1909, 
though  greater  than  in  1904,  showed  a  decrease  of 
27.2  per  cent  as  compared  with  1899. 


Table  &0 

190» 

1904 

188» 

UATESIALa. 

Total  cost 

$2,47S,86S 

1,203,498 
$404,127 

989, 110 

1,281,764 
$661,172 

21,864 
$83,020 

$104,503 
$1,219,441 

1  $4,888,411 

590,957 
$3,646,787 

53,896 
$309,492 

$426, 132 

$1,369,810 

1,633.525 
$495,594 

1,231,576 

287,363 
$119,407 

12,089 
$25,997 

$63,005 
$664,907 

$2,467,266 

446,121 
$2,290,070 

18,587 
$100,491 

$66,705 

$8,048,203 

2,713,374 
$788,973 

1,898,605 

862,982 
$370, 792 

Wool,  in  condition  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Equivalent  of  above  in  scoured  con- 
dition, pounds 

Wool  waste  and  noils: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wool-felt  hat  bodies  and  hats  in  the 
rough: 
Dozens 

4  939 

Cost 

$13  920 

Chemicals  and  dyestufls 

$108,502 
$760,015 

$3,691,940 

811  425 

All  other  materials 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Wool-felt  hats: 

Dozens 

Value 

$3,16i;361 
56,006 

Wool-felt  hat  bodies  and  hats  In  the 
rough: 

Value 

$120, 262 

All  other  products 

$310,317 

>  In  addition,  wool-felt  hats,  to  the  value  of  $904,643,  were  made  by  establishments 
engaged  primarily  In  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the 
industry  designation. 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods. — Table  51,  presenting  the 
statistics  for  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  includes  hand- 
knit  as  well  as  machine-knit  goods. 

The  total  cost  of  materials  in  the  hosiery  and  knit- 
goods  industry  was  $110,241,053  in  1909,  $76,789,348 
in  1904,  and  $51,195,330  in  1899.  The  cost  of  cotton 
and  cotton  yarn  represented  51.7  per  cent  of  the  total 
cost  of  material  used  in  1909,  52.4  per  cent  in  1904, 
and  50.3  per  cent  in  1899.  A  portion  of  the  yam  re- 
ported as  material  was  purchased  from  other  establish- 


484 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


ments  included  in  this  classification  and  is  therefore 
duphcated  in  the  value  of  products.  The  increase  in  the 
total  cost  of  materials  in  1909  over  the  cost  fox  1899 
was  1 15.3  per  cent,  and  the  increase  in  the  total  value  of 
products  was  108.8  per  cent.  Of  the  total  value  of 
the  products,  shirts  and  drawers  contributed  34.8  per 
cent  in  1909  and  47.7  per  cent  in  1899,  while  hosiery 
contributed  34.3  per  cent  in  1909  and  28.6  per  cent  in 
1899.     The  hosiery  product  increased  in  value  from 


$27,420,029  in  1899  to  $68,721,825  in  1909,  or  150.6 
per  cent,  and  shirts  and  drawers  from  $45,675,594  to 
$69,592,817,  or  52.4  per  cent.  Sweaters,  cardigan 
jackets,  etc.,  show  the  largest  relative  increase  in  value 
for  the  decade,  and  combination  suits  the  next  largest, 
the  value  of  the  former  increasing  from  $3,498,837 
to  $22,430,817,  or  more  than  fivefold,  and  that  of 
the  latter  from  $3,691,847  to  $14,853,536,  or  about 
threefold. 


Table  51 


IfATEBIALS. 


Total  cost 

Cotton: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wool,  in  condition  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Equivalent  of  above  In  scoured 

condition,  pounds 

Shoddy,  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wool  waste  and  noils,  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Ytuns,  purchased: 
Cotton- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Worsted- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Woolen- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Merino — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Silk  and  spun  sills: — 

Pounds.'. 

Cost 


Chemicals  and  dyestuffs. 
All  other  materials 


Yamt  made  in  mill  for  tue  therein. 


Cotton,  pounds . . . 
Woolen,  pounds. . 
Worsted,  pounds. 
Merino,  pounds. . . 


Total  value , 

Hosiery: 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Cotton,  merino,  and  woolen — 
Hose- 
Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Cotton- 
Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Merino  or  mixed — 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Woolen  or  worsted- 
Dozen  i)airs 

Value 

Half  hose — 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Cotton- 
Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Merino  or  mixed — 

Dozen  pah-s 

Value 

Woolen  or  worsted — 

Dozen  paira 

Value 


1909 


1110,241,093 

75,416,023 
S8, 803, 509 

7,068,788 
$2,919,055 

5,582,839 

7,482,553 
$919,970 

8,586,261 
$2,813,129 


216,987,611 
$48, 165, 749 


10,370,004 
$10, 116, 325 


6, 140, 265 
$3,834,094 


4,014,609 
$2,667,051 


982, 753 
$3,606,599 


$2,541,939 
$23,853,633 


69,171,277 

8,316,349 

223,404 

20,856,989 


■$200,143,527 


62,825,069 
$68, 721, 825 


34,499,562 
$37,903,011 


32, 499, 104 
$34,078,622 


834,029 
$1,466,283 


1, 166, 429 
$2,358,106 


27,891,093 
$27,218,398 


24,805,917 
$21, 831;  365 


2,023,641 
$3,299,912 


1,061,535 
$2,087,121 


1904 


$76,789,348 

50,586,760 
$5,869,317 

17,300,616 
$6, 153, 858 

13,909,144 

7,489,358 
$923, 719 

6,020,459 
$1,711,669 


161.500,466 
$34;  372, 910 


8,789,570 
$7,457,690 


4,839,343 
$2,798,454 


2,568,890 
$1, 118, 999 


320,671 
$1,200,259 


$1,677,252 
$13,505,221 


39,954, 


i  $137,076,454 


44, 186, 063 
$44,113,260 


25,999,813 
$26,152,043 

24, 169, 804 
$22,764,799 

746,226 
$1, 182, 164 

1,083,783 
$2,205,080 

18, 144, 185 
$17,438,914 

15, 223, 243 
$11,821,830 

1,611,066 
$2,214,678 

1,309,876 
$3,402,406 


1899 


$51,195,330 

49,451,301 
$3,561,592 

17,953,907 
$5,262,135 

13,031,308 

3,770,626 
$488, 792 

5,276,454 
$1,487,907 


131,820,068 
$22,204,918 

5,823,215 
$4,865,304 

2,621,893 
$1,257,587 

1,981,484 
$642,535 

266,247 
$946, 801 

$1,023,161 
$9,454,598 


$95,833,692 


29,903,899 
$27,420,029 


16, 641, 769 
$16,203,372 

15,028,173 
$13, 275, 732 

436,891 
$659,959 

1,176,705 
$2,267,681 

13,249,558 
$11,030,244 

11,352,081 
$7,906,945 

957,520 
$1,384,764 

939,957 
$1,738,535 


PEODUCTS— continued. 

Hosiery— Continued. 
SUk— 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Shirts  and  drawers: 

Dozens 

Value 

All  cotton — 

Dozens 

Value 

Merino  or  mixed — 

Dozens 

Value 

All  wool- 
Dozens 

Value 

Silk  and  silk  mixed — 

Dozens 

Value 

Combination  suits: 

Dozens 

Value 

All  cotton — 

Dozens 

Value 

Merino  or  mixed — 

Dozens 

Value 

All  wool- 
Dozens 

Value 

Silk  or  silk  mixed — 

Dozens 

Value 

Sweaters,  cardigan  jackets,  etc.: 

Dozens 

Value 

Gloves  and  mittens: 

Dozen  pairs 

Val  ue 

Hoods,  scarfs,  nubias,  etc.: 

Dozens 

Value 

Shawls: 

Dozens 

Value 

Boot  and  shoe  linings: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Yams  for  sale 

Cotton — 

Pounds 

Value , 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  merino — 

Pounds , 

Value , 

All  other  products 

MACHINERY. 

Sets  of  cards 

Cotton 

Woolen 

Worsted 

Spindles 

Producing 

Doubling  and  twisting 

Knitting  machines,  all  classes 

Sewing  machines,  all  classes 


1909 


434, 414 
$3,600,416 

25,337,779 
$69,592,817 

22,567,121 
$50,007,598 

2,536,473 
$17,055,624 

178, 163 
$1,820,521 

56,022 
$709,074 

2,473,103 
$14,853,536 

2,047,637 
$9,713,597 

364,387 
$4,217,432 

50,102 
$683,289 

10,977 
$239,218 

2,221,410 
$22,430,817 

2,527,889 
$7,296,887 

888,223 
$3,217,985 

218,923 
$916,294 

9, 726, 770 
$1,209,464 

$1,785,531 

7,457,412 
$1,568,417 

488,322 
$217, 114 

$10, 118, 371 


2,681 

1,827 

844 

10 

736, 774 

729,935 

6,&39 

115,019 

43,885 


1904 


42,065 
$522,303 

19. 723, 141 
$56, 643, 860 

17,107,958 
$39, 658, 762 

2,113,810 
$13,031,754 

485,328 
$3,647,934 

16,045 
$305, 410 

1,440,420 
$6,793,947 

1,260,301 

$4,478,664 

105.242 
$1,199,949 

68,067 
$965,132 

6,810 
$150, 202 

811,629 
$8,345,369 

2.260,508 
$5,556,260 

589,315 
$1,774,862 

435,306 
$1,293,348 

11,768,961 
$1,249,401 

$1,000,083 

3.304,615 
$654, 234 

491.559 
$345,849 

$10,306,064 


2,001 

1,000 

977 

24 

603,180 

596,362 

6,818 

88,374 

30, 410 


1899 


12,572 
$186,413 

15, 873, 700 
$45,675,594 

12,058,431 
$26,882,902 

2,675,416 
$13,293,829 

1,085,049 
$4,980,818 

54,807 
$518,045 

986, 855 
$3,691,847 

824, 632 
$2,240,566 

139,994 
$1, 133, 328 

9,501 
$201,667 

12,728 
$116, 286 

594,090 
$3,498,837 

1,898.587 
$4,244,046 

343,429 
$1,002,392 

157, 622 
$328,720 

10, 406. 440 
$2,205,003 

$498, 790 

2, 419, 282 
$422,100 

134,529 
$76,690 

$7,268,434 


1,161 
0) 

1,161 
(>) 

521,871 

510, 172 

11,699 

89,047 

24,535 


1  Not  reported. 

« In  addition,  in  1909,  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  to  the  value  of  $2,975,749,  and  In  1904,  to  the  value  of  $1,579,6S3,  were  made  by  establlshmenls  engaged  prlmarUy  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 


Oilclotli  and  linoleum. — ^Table  52  presents  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  production  of  oilcloth,  linoleum,  and 
artificial  leather.  Artificial  leather,  which  at  former 
censuses  was  included  under  upholstering  materials, 
was  reported  separately  for  the  first  time  at  the 
census  of  1909.  At  the  census  of  1899  oilcloth  and 
linoleum  were  not  reported  in  detail,  but  the  total 
value  of  these  products  was  $11,402,620.    This  had 


increased  to  $13,977,137  in  1904  and  to  $22,525,940  in 
1909.  The  production  of  oilcloth  in  1909  was  in  the 
aggregate  96,862,068  square  yards  and  in  1904 
71,057,684  square  yards,  an  increase  for  the  five  years 
of  36.3  per  cent.  The  linoleum  product  increased  rela- 
tively much  more;  it  amounted  to  30,676,254  square 
yards  in  1909  and  16,891,462  square  yards  in  1904,  an 
increase  of  81.6  per  cent. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


Table  53 


Total  value 

OUcloth 

Floor- 
Square  yards 

Value. ." 

Enameled — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Table- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Linoleum 

Linoleum,  Including  cork  carpet- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Inlaid  linoleum- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Artificial  leather: 

Square  yards 

Value 

All  other  products 


1909 


'  $26,253,796 

$11,681,012 

18,354,851 
$3,776,660 

17,338,440 
$2,265,146 

61, 168, 777 

$5,639,206 

$10,844,928 

26,215,979 
$7,850,437 

4,460,275 
$2,994,491 

11,869,875 
$3, 448, 617 

$279,239 


1904 


$14,792,246 

$8,648,337 

21,456,615 
$3,565,689 

11,574,986 
$1,542,467 

38,026,083 
$3,540,181 
$5,328,800 

14,765,284 
$4,223,992 

2, 126, f78 
$1,104,808 

(•) 
$815, 109 


'  In  addition,  products  to  the  value  of  $33,328  were  reported  by  establishments 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  tnan  those  covered  by  the 
Industry  designation.  The  production  of  artificial  leather  is  included  under  ''  up- 
holstering materials"  in  Table  110. 

'  Figures  not  available.  -• 

Shoddy. — The  statistics  given  in  the  following  table 
relate  only  to  establishments  primarily  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  shoddy,  mungo,  and  wool  extract, 
and  do  not  include  those  for  spinning  and  weaving 
mills  and  hosiery  and  knit^oods  factories  which  manu- 
facture shoddy  for  their  own  use  or  for  sale.  Mills 
engaged  in  the  cutting  of  flocks  and  the  cleaning  and 
garnetting  of  waste  are  included,  as  in  previous  cen- 
suses. The  total  cost  of  materials  used  was  S5,000,706 
in  1909,  and  the  total  value  of  the  products  was 
$7,446,364,  both  of  these  amounts  being  somewhat 
larger  than  in  1899  but  smaller  than  in  1904.  The 
total  output  of  the  products  specifically  classified  was 
57,888,999  pounds  in  1909,  63,787,770  pounds  in  1904, 
and  47,684,714  pounds  in  1899. 


Table  63 


UATERULS. 

Total  cost 

Tailors'  clippings,  rags,  etc.: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Waste  and  noils  of  wool,  mohair,  camel's 
hair,  etc.: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wool,  in  condition  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Equivalent  of  above  in  scoured  con- 
dition, pounds 


Chemicals  and  dyestuffs. 
All  other  materials 


Total  valne.... 
Shoddy  and  mungo: 

Pounds 

Value 

Wool  extract: 

Pounds 

Value 

Waste: 

Pounds 

Value 

Flocks: 

Pounds 

Value 


All  other  products 

Work  on  materials  for  others. 

MACHINEET. 

Pickers,  number. 


Gamett  machines,  number. 


1909 


$6,000,706 

64,561,713 
$3,051,045 


7,567,679 
$917,976 


237,097 
$98,032 


196,097 


$138,241 
$795,412 


>  $7,446,864 

48,375,724 
$5,699,260 

5,637,514 
$865,528 

2,237,748 
$275,545 

1,638,013 
$107,697 

$26»,708 
$229,626 


346 
158 


1904 


$6,0N,781 


68,921,097 
$4,295,641 


8,177,846 
$909,754 


597,492 
$127,927 


421,492 


$142,455 
$579,954 


$8,406,425 

54,401,295 
$6,831,689 

6,375,768 
$727,912 

42,504 
$1,544 

2,968,203 
$143,536 

$365,805 
$335,939 


317 
116 


1899 


$4,875,192 


79,623,312 
$3,558,706 


4,236,028 
$693,972 


422,349 
$127,099 


242,997 


$111,095 
$384,320 


$6,730,974 


39,014,661 
$5,388,378 


4,980.825 
$620,504 


1,608,470 
$148,043 


2,080,758 
$131,894 


$151,494 
$290,661 


(') 


Silk  and  silk  goods. — The  following  table,  which 
presents  statistics  for  the  manufacture  of  silk  and 
silk  goods,  includes  data  for  establishments  that  make 
a  specialty  of  throwing  and  winding  silk: 


Table  54 


UATES1A.LS. 


Silk: 


Total  cost. 


>  In  addition,  shoddy  to  the  value  of  $367,278  was  made  for  sale  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation. 

«  Mot  reported. 


Raw- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Spun- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Artificial- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Organziue  and  tram,  purcbasod— 

Pounds 

Cost 

Friiue  and  floss,  including  waste, 
nous,  etc.,  purchased— 

Pounds 

Cost 

Yams,  other  than  sUk: 

Cotton,  including  mercerized— 

Pounds 

Cost 

Woolen  or  worsted- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Mohair- 
Pounds  

Cost 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Cost 


Chemicals  and  dyestufls. 
All  other  materials 


PBODCCTS. 


Total  value 

Broad  silks: 

Yards 

Value 

Plain  and  fancies— 
AU  silk- 
Yards 

Value 

Silk  mixed- 
Yards 

Value 

Jacquard— 
All  silk- 
Yards 

Value : 

Silk  mixed- 
Yards 

Value , 

Piece-dyed— 
AU  silk- 
Yards 

Value 

Silk  mixed- 
Yards 

Value 

Velvets: 

Yards 

Value 

Plushes: 

Yards 

Value 

Tapestries  and  upholstery: 

Yards 

Value 


1909 


Ribbons 

Laces,  nets,  veils,  veiling,  etc.  ...>■■. 

Embroideries 

Fringes  and  gimps 

Braids  and  bindmgs 

Trimmings 

Machine  twist: 

Pounds 

Value 

Sewing,  embroidery,  wash,  fringe,  and 
lioss  silks: 

Pounds 

Value 

Organzine  and  tram,  for  sale: 

Pounds 

Value 

Spun  silk,  for  sale: 

Pounds 

Value 


All  other  products 

Work  done  on  materials  for  others . 


$107,766,916 


17,472,204 
$67,787,037 

2,212,972 
$4,848,789 

914,494 
$1,926,894 

3,377,972 
$14,679,719 


2,402,960 
$1,637,187 


14,111,878 
$5,811,582 

010,588 
$765,989 

710, 108 
$640,529 

353,780 
$456,597 

$1,062,313 
$8,150,280 


•$196,911,667    $133,288,072 


1904 


$75,861,188 


11,572,783 
$45,318,416 


1,951,201 
$4,310,001 


466, 151 
$1,623,473 


3,236,744 
$14,552,425 


» 49,811 
1  $187, 159 


9,018,295 
$3,057,989 


443,155 
$409,867 


138,389 
$137,097 


130,930 
$108,841 


$666,992 
$5,488,868 


185,707,316 
$107,881,146 


81,934,158 
$53,282,704 


24,742,556 
$14,207,801 


13,249,090 
$9,835,345 


6,043,686 
$3,473,799 


19,693,393 
$11,353,242 

40,044,4.33 
$15, 728, 195 

10,093,583 
$4,767,990 

2,759,411 
$2, 104, 768 

226,717 
$382,820 

$32,744,873 
$1,350,850 
$485,322 
$824,527 
$4,4a3,248 
$3,850,448 

1,088,780 
$0,341,719 


747,246 
$4,179,355 

2,740,319 
$12,550,510 

779,462 
$2,104,066 

$4,495,675 
$8,364,350 


124,871,215 
$66,917,762 


68,393,042 
$40,741,480 

9,061,025 
$5,343,472 


8,143,091 
$5,927,063 


2,336,120 
$1,229,648 


21,3.34,584 
$9,276,445 

15,603,353 
$4,399,654 

7,262,315 
$3,161,206 

2,547,367 
$1,340,815 

1,766,210 
$1,559,982 

$21,890,604 
$745,489 
$112,362 
$1,016,954 
$3,493,977 
$3,107,697 

932,998 
$5,521,055 


8U,711 
$4,625,016 

2,025,645 
$9,190,650 

570,529 
$1,660,647 

$5,227,800 
$3,716,056 


»  Does  not  include  waste,  noils,  etc. 

»  Not  reported  separately. 

•  In  addition,  silk  and  silk  goods  to  the  value  of  $1,218,101  were  made  by  estab- 
lishments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation. 


486 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


The  increase  in  the  cost  of  materials  and  in  the  value 
of  products  for  the  period  1899-1909  was  72.7  and 
83.6  per  cent,  respectively.  Considerable  dupUcation 
occurs  in  the  total  cost  of  materials  and  in  the  total 
value  of  products  shown  in  the  preceding  table.  To 
eliminate  this  duphcation  the  following  method  may- 
be used:  (1)  organzine  and  tram,  reported  as  material 
and  product,  is  deducted  from  both  materials  and 
products,  respectively;  (2)  spun  silk,  reported  as  a 
product,  is  deducted  from  both  materials  and  prod- 
ucts; (3)  fringe  and  floss,  reported  as  material,  is  de- 
ducted from  both  materials  and  products;  and  (4) 
amount  received  for  contract  work,  reported  as  product, 
is  deducted  from  products. 

The  total  production  of  broad  weaves  in  1909  was 
198,787,027  running  yards,  single  width,  valued  at 
$115,136,724,  compared  with  97,940,935  yards,  valued 
at  $58,122,622,  in  1899,  the  increase  in  quantity  being 
103  per  cent  and  that  in  value  98.1  per  cent.  Broad 
silks  formed  over  nine-tenths  of  aU  broad  weaves  in 
1909,  the  increase  in  the  output  between  1899  and  1909 
being  111.9  per  cent.  The  increase  in  the  output  of 
all  other  broad  weaves  combined — velvets,  plushes, 
tapestries,  and  upholsteries — was  only  26.9  per  cent. 

In  1899  all-silk  goods  constituted  78.1  per  cent  of  the 
broad-silk  product,  and  silk-mixed  goods  21.9  per  cent, 
whereas  in  1909  the  proportion  for  the  latter  had  risen 
to  38.1  per  cent  and  that  for  the  former  had  fallen  to 
61.9  per  cent.  The  change  was  due  to  an  increase 
durLug  the  decade  of  268.9  per  cent  in  the  output  of 
silk-mixed  broad  silks,  while  that  for  all-silk  was  only 
67.9  per  cent. 

Between  1899  and  1909  the  rate  of  increase  in  the 


output  of  broad  woven  silk  goods  was  much  greater 
than  that  for  either  broad  woven  cotton  or  broad 
woven  woolen  goods,  the  increases  for  the  three  classes 
being  103,  40.3,  and  33.8  per  cent,  respectively. 

Woolen  and  worsted  goods. — The  following  table 
presents  statistics  for  estabUshments  engaged  primarily 
in  the  manufacture  of  woolen  and-  worsted  goods. 
The  total  value  of  products  for  the  industry  involves 
considerable  dupUcation,  due  to  the  use  of  partly 
finished  products  of  some  estabUshments  as  material 
for  others.  In  1909  the  establishments  in  this  in- 
dustry produced  570,743,797  square  yards  of  woven 
goods,  exclusive  of  upholstery  goods  and  sundries, 
compared  with  505,821,956  square  yards  in  1904  and 
426,572,856  in  1899,  the  increase  for  the  decade 
being  33.8  per  cent.  The  value  of  these  goods  was 
$296,447,594  in  1909,  $234,737,036  in  1904,  and 
$183,306,664  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the  decade 
of  61.7  per  cent.  The  highest  rate  of  increase  was 
reported  for  the  aU-wool  woven  group,  the  output 
of  which  increased  49.3  per  cent  in  quantity.  The 
output  of  unions  decreased  decidedly,  while  that  of 
cotton-warp  woven  goods  increased  37.6  per  cent  in 
quantity.  The  aU-wool  yardage  constituted  56.6  per 
cent  of  the  total  in  1909  and  50.7  per  cent  in  1899, 
while  the  union  yardage  constituted  6.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  in  1909,  as  compared  with  13.4  per  cent  in 
1899.  Cotton-warp  fabrics  formed  about  the  same 
proportion  of  the  total  in  both  years — somewhat  over 
one-third.  There  has  thus  been  a  considerable  shift 
during  the  decade  from  the  manufacture  of  cotton- 
mixed  to  that  of  all-wool  goods. 


Table  55 


MATERIALS. 


Total  cost 

Wool: 

In  condition  purchased— 

Pounds 

Cost 

Domestic- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Foreign- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Equivalent  in  scoured  condition, 

iwunds 

Mohair,  camel,  alpaca,  and  vicuna 
hair: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cow  and  other  animal  hair: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cotton: 

Pounds , 

Cost 

Tailor's  clippings,  rags,  etc.: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Shoddy,  mungo,  and  wool  extract 
purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Waste  and  noils  of  wool,  mohair, 
camel's  hair,  etc.,  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Tops  purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 


1909 


9273,438,670 


474,755,366 
$136,666,917 


310,602,279 
$85,018,238 


164,153,087 
$51,648,679 


290,706,970 


7,805,422 
$2,399,123 


17,356,100 
$932,911 


20,024,061 
$2,515,409 


40,402,460 
$2,856,966 


21,454,187 
$3,058,214 


26,473,311 
$7,523,283 


20,828,245 
$14,614,527 


1901 


$197,489,306 


418,703,811 
$105,433,451 

319,800,490 
$78,673,136 

98,903,321 
$26,760,315 

241,280,065 


6,507,631 
$1,957,581 

22,987,332 
$1,369,776 

32,613,408 
$4,072,907 

79,367,290 
$5,668,634 


31,919,456 
$4,472,666 


26,032,838 
$6,056,227 


9,160,929 
$5,073,078 


1899 


$148,087,178 


330,178,552 
$78,803,830 

250,393,205 
$59,046,158 

79,785,347 
$19,757,672 

192,705,519 


5,003,966 
$1,857,707 

20,535,079 
$1,170,756 

40,244,710 
$3,280,000 


33,036,767 
$4,070,836 


15,714,171 
$3,891,369 

5,566,108 
$2,865,546 


UATEBiALS— continued . 

Yarns  purchased: 

Woolen- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Worsted- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Merino- 
Pounds  

Cost 

Cotton- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Silk  and  spun  silk- 
Pounds  

Cost 

All  other — 

Pounds 

Cost 


Chemicals  and  dyestufls. 
All  other  materials 


PRODUCTS. 


Totalvalue 

All-wool  woven  goods: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wool    cloths,    doeskins,    cassi- 
meres,  cheviots,  etc. — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Worsted   coatings,    serges,   and 
suitings — 

Square  yards 

Value 


1909 


1  Not  reported  separately. 

•  In  addition,  in  1909,  woolen  and  worsted  goods, 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by 


931,222 
$558,270 

59,148,771 
$56,033,701 

1,971,709 
$318,456 

39,169,388 
$10,492,185 

282,536 
$1,142,663 

1,046,735 
$40,739 

$8,820,928 
$25,464,278 


2  $419,743,621 


322,944,365 
$219,853,767 


40,843,979 
$29,291,059 


119,655,069 
$101,903,153 


1904 


1809 


5,750,088 
$2,622,882 


31,047,516 
$24,904,511 


2,458,085 
$581, 107 


32,598,072 
$8,032,773 


412,307 
$1,679,883 


411,779 
$21,118 


$7,456,550 
$18,086,162 


J  $307,941,710 


260,567,4S8 
$158,390,336 


42,487,566 
$29,556,252 


59,592,811 
$56,731,196 


5,906,862 
$2,675,143 

25, 110, 939 
$19,495,251 

3,634,679 
$664,527 

35,342,726 
$6,814,279 

131,915 

$529,789 

1,127,926 
$65,434 

$6, 595, 160 
$15,307,551 


$238,744,608 


216,359,702 
$117,757,169 


34,298,426 
$22,645,869 


54,033,679 
$43,003,550 


to  the  value  of  $1,281,292,  and  in  1904,  to  the  value  of  $362,966,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
the  industry  designation. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


Table  55— Continued. 


PEODUCTs — continued . 

All-wool  woven  goods— Continued. 
Woolen  overcoatings,  cloaldngs, 
kerseys,  etc. — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Worsted  overcoatings  and  cloak- 


Square  yards 

Value 

Wool  dress  goods,  sackings,  tri- 
cots, etc.,  and  opiera  and  similar 
flannels — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Worsted  dress  goods,  cashmeres, 
serges,  bunting,  etc.— 

Square  yards 

Value , 

Carriage  cloths- 
Square  yarda. 

Value 

Flannels  for  underwear- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Blankets — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Horse  blankets- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Woven  shawls- 
Square  yards 

Value 

All  other- 
Square  yarda 

Value 

Union,  or  cotton  mixed,  woven  goods: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Unions,  tweeds,  cheviots,  cassi- 
meres,  etc. — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Overcoatings  and  cloakings— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Sackings,  tricots,  dress  goods, 
and  opera  and  similar  flannels-— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Flannels  for  underwear — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Blankets- 
Square  yards 

Value 

All  other- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Cotton-warp  woven  goods: 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wool  filling  cassimeres,  doe- 
skins, jeans,  tweeds,  coatings, 
etc.— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Worsted  filling  cassimeres,  doe- 
skins, jeans,  tweeds,  coatings, 
etc.— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wool  filling  overcoatings  and 
cloakings— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Satinets  and  linseys — 

Square  yards 

Value 


1909 


14,697,770 
$11,230,856 


654,404 
$821,688 


29,099,956 
116,385,498 


106,801,349 
<54,030,376 


1.782,855 
1947,862 


3,856,353 
$1,257,271 


5,137,903 
$3,228,797 


247,395 
$185,430 


704,153 
$404,583 


463,179 
$167, 194 


37,453,351 
$14,327,973 


18,917,478 
$7,780,854 


4,281,739 
$2,363,381 


4,319,639 
$1,776,721 


7,063,572 
$1,308,369 


1,717,758 
$650,714 


1,153,265 
$447,934 


210,346,081 
$62,265,854 


45,244,866 
$12,107,320 


29,220,252 
$15,009,081 


2,075,502 
$771,879 


5,102,460 
$912, 182 


1904 


22,411,530 
$16,934,112 


1,057,668 
$546,170 


48,874,396 
$19,826,017 


66,428,825 
$27,802,181 

1,741,765 
$964,557 

8,710,131 
$2,045,858 

7,316,179 
$2,751,029 

740,237 
$418,219 

895,777 
$557,370 

310,603 
$257,375 

63,197,407 
$26,288,407 


35,103,110 
$15,050,726 


5,373,053 
$3,353,768 


11,690,740 
$4,926,696 


7,273,761 
$1,628,928 


3,114,110 
$1,196,706 


642,633 
$229,693 


182,057,061 
$50,058,293 


34,602,16£ 
$10,877,081 


16,688,620 
$6,969,402 


8,198,406 
$2,478,878 


22,339,112 
$4,074,800 


1S99 


18,729,194 
$16,131,709 


877,133 
$567,390 


33,594,212 

$12,976,489 


57,712,086 
$16,316,392 


1,220,408 
$696,999 


9,324.720 
$2,344,559 


5,454,173 
$2,316,968 


514,952 
$256,211 


600,104 
$500,523 


615 
$510 


67,334,570 
$23,111,690 


30,767,916 
$13,696,830 

6,087,366 
$3,618,613 


11,178,752 
$3,669,584 

6,217,094 
$1,284,678 

1,530,696 
$561,649 

1,564,747 
$381,442 

152,878,584 
$42,437,799 


37, 160, 449 
$11,024,638 


12,663,719 
$7,267,508 


3,917,498 
$1,430,430 


13,051,729 
$2,873,181 


PEODUCTS — continued. 

Cotton-warp  woven  goods— Con td. 
Worsted  filling  dress  goods,  cash- 
meres, serges,  mohairs,  etc.— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Wool  filling  dress  goods,  and 
repellents- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Domett  fiannels  and  shirtings — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Linings,  Italian  cloths,  and  last- 
ings— 

Square  yards 

Value 

Blankets- 
Square  yards 

Value , 

Horse  blankets- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Carriage  robes- 
Square  yards 

Value 

All  other- 
Square  yards 

Value 

Upholstering  goods  and  stindries 

Woolen  and  worsted — 

Square  yards 

Value 

Another 

Partially  manufactured  products  for 

sale 

Yams: 

Woolen- 
Pounds 

Value 

Worsted- 
Pounds 

Value 

Woolen,  union  or  merino- 
Pounds 

Value 

Worsted,  union  or  merino- 
Pounds 

Value 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Value 

Worsted  tops  and  slubbing— 

Pounds 

Value 

Noils- 
Pounds 

Value 

Waste- 
Pounds 

Value 


1909 


All  other  products 

Work  on  materials  for  others. 

MACH  INERT. 


Sets  ol  cards 

Woolen 

Worsted 

Cotton 

Spindles 

Producing 

Doubling  and  twisting. 

Looms,  all  classes 

Wool-combing  machines.. 


65,112,981 
$14,798,965 


12,916,060 
$2,741,816 

4,571,765 
$911,967 


28,928,148 
$9,008,799 

9,746,841 
$2,684,919 

4,210,098 
$1,676,942 

2,889,444 
$1,396,595 

327,664 

$245,389 

$1,986,330 

1,176,642 

$1,528,648 

$467,682 

$116,032,485 


28,520,493 
$7,505,412 

88,323,953 
$80,395,543 

10,249,625 
$2,143,416 

3,761,737 
$3,522,812 

3,195,653 
$974,570 

11,321,279 
$8,027,231 

27,479,293 
$8,938,589 

24,057,680 
$3,524,912 

$3,250,857 
$3,026,255 


6,316 

4,600 

1,681 

234 

4,287,640 

3,553,194 

734,446 

72,532 

1,978 


1904 


49,300,369 
$12,711,554 


12,139,080 
$3,230,561 

4,285,838 
$769,476 


17,619,325 
$4,505,927 

9,267,144 
$2,218,243 

6,307,836 
$1,083,154 

1,309,166 
$1,139,217 


1899 


$1,625,233 

1,060,730 
$908,937 
$716,296 

$66,466,672 


42,878,320 
$9,993,894 

55,475,235 
$40,142,077 

8,824,064 
$2,638,018 

3,314,549 
$2,460,558 

2,799,060 
$1,162,795 

4,772,582 
$2,855,171 

15,379,600 
$4,865,976 

17,946,076 
$2,448,183 

$3,924,232 
$1,188,537 


6,990 

5,178 

1,387 

425 

3,747,934 

3,228,423 

619,511 

63,867 

1,440 


?i 


«5,605 


3,277,607 

2,873,528 

404,079 

61,395 

1,317 


>  Worsted  tops  and  slubbing  included  with  worsted  yarn. 


mON  AND  STEEL. 


Tables  56  to  61,  inclusive,  present  statistics  for  blast 
furnaces,  steel  works  and  rolling  mills,  tin  and  terne 
plate  plants,  and  wire  mills.  In  many  establishments 
other  industries  are  carried  on  in  connection  with  the 
operations  of  steel  works  and  rolUng  mills.  In  these 
cases  a  separation  of  the  data  for  the  industries  as  de- 
fined by  the  Census  Bureau  was  secured  by  taking 
separate  reports  for  the  different  departments  of  the 
respective  establishments.  In  this  way  the  statistics 
for  blast   furnaces  operated  in  connection  with  steel 


»  Cards  not  fully  reported. 

works  were  segregated  and  combined  with  those  for 
furnaces  independently  operated,  and  the  statistics  for 
the  tin  and  teme  plate  dipping  departments  of  estab- 
lishments which  also  roll  the  black  plate  were  sepa- 
rated and  combined  with  those  for  establishments  which 
dip  only  purchased  plate.  Statistics  for  the  finished 
wire  products  of  mills  which  roll  wire  rods  as  well  as 
draw  wire  and  manufacture  wire  nails,  fencing,  etc., 
were  secured  and  are  given  in  combination  with  those 
for  wire  mills  which  manufacture  only  from  pur- 
chased wire  rods.     The  finished  wire  products  manu- 


488 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


factured  in  rolling  mills  are,  however,  included  in  the 
products  of  these  mills,  so  that  the  statistics  for  wire 
mills  and  rolUng  mills  to  this  extent  duphcate  each 
other.  It  should  also  be  explained  that  the  rolhng- 
rnill  departments  of  tin  and  teme  plate  estabhshments 
are  credited  with  their  entire  output  of  black  plate, 
as  if  it  were  produced  for  sale  instead  of  for  further 
treatment  at  the  same  estabUshment. 

Blast  furnaces. — The  statistics  for  the  blast-furnace 
industry  are  given  in  the  following  table. 

In  1909,  25,651,798  tons  of  pig  iron,  valued  at 
$387,830,443,  were  produced  and  in  1899,  14,447,791 
tons,  valued  at  $206,512,755,  the  increase  in  quantity 
during  the  decade  being  77.5  per  cent  and  that  in 
value  87.8  per  cent.     Since  1904  was  a  year  of  par- 


tial depression  in  the  iron  and  steel  industry  and  the 
pig-iron  product  was  less  in  that  year  than  in  1903  or 
1902,  neither  the  small  increases  shown  in  quantity 
and  value  for  1904  as  compared  with  1899  nor  the 
large  increases  shown  for  1909  as  compared  with  1904 
are  representative  of  the  normal  rate  of  growth  for 
the  industry.  Features  in  the  development  of  the 
industry  are  the  increase  in  the  proportion  of  pig  iron 
produced  for  consumption  in  other  departments  of 
the  works  of  the  producing  company  and  the  increase 
in  the  proportion  of  the  product  passed  on  in  a 
molten  condition  to  undergo  further  processes  with- 
out being  cast  into  pigs.  The  ton  of  2,2Jfi  pounds  is 
used  in  showing  quantities  except  when  otherwise 
stated. 


Table  56 


MATEKIALS. 


Total  COlt 

Iron  ore: 

Tons 

Cost 

Domestic — 

Tons 

Cost 

Foreign- 
Tons 

Cost 

Mill  cinder,  scrap,  etc.: 

Tons 

Cost 

Fluxes: 

Tons 

Cost 

Fuel,* 

Coke- 
Tons  (2,000  pounds)  . 
Cost 

Charcoal- 
Bushels 

Cost 

Anthracite  coal  *— 

Tons 

Cost 

Bituminous  coal  *— 

Tons 

Cost 


AU  other  materials. 


PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Pig  iron: 

Tons 

Value 


All  other  products 

Piffiron,  classified  according  to fuelused: 
Bituminous,  chiefly  coke- 
Tons 

Value 

Anthracite  coal  and  coke  mixed 
and  anthracite  alone- 
Tons 

Value 

Charcoal- 
Tons 

Value 

Pig  iron,  classified  accordinf  to  dispo- 
tUion: 
Produced    for   consumption   in 
works  of  company  reporting— 

Tons 

Value 


1909 


$320,637,889 

48,353,677 
$187,264,601 

46,605,930 
$177, 589, 789 

1, 747, 747 
$9, 674, 812 

1,982,530 
$5, 544, 859 

13,570,845 

$12,239,493 

$105,994,112 

31,436,536 
$102, 134, 423 

38,032,618 
$2,787,026 

265,401 
$904, 102 

102,833 
$168,561 

$9,594,824 


$391,429,283 

25,651,798 
$387,830,443 

$3,598,840 


*  24, 608, 572 
$369,684,636 


670, 991 
$10,962,150 


372,235 
$7,183,657 


15,858,203 
$239,387,017 


1904  1 


$178,941,918 

30,032,862 
$100, 945, 369 

29, 202, 944 
$96, 206, 246 

829,918 
$4, 739, 123 

1,865,385 
$3, 830, 961 

8,325,209 

$6, 888, 647 

$62,802,660 

19,739,671 
$57,126,997 

3  37,273,569 
'$2,521,887 

560,637 
$1,812,779 

801,640 
$1,340,997 

$4,474,281 


$231,822,707 


16,623,625 
$228,911,116 


$2,911,591 


14,909,029 
$203,814,049 


1,305,094 
$18,103,982 

409,502 
$6,993,085 


9,926,545 
$138,867,586 


18991 


$131,603,655 

25,366,894 
$65,902,922 

24,612,511 
$61, 795, 473 

754, 383 
$4, 107, 449 

1,600,313 
$3,772,385 

7,324,743 

$5,054,725 

$44,199,382 

16,461,533 
$38,976,770 

30,677,585 
$1,823,881 

886,564 
$2,297,419 

832, 235 
$1,101,312 

$12,574,241 


$206,766,667 

14,447,791 
$206,512,755 

$243,802 


12,253,818 
$173,763,091 


1,841,857 
$26,678,705 


'  352, 116 
$6,070,959 


(•) 
(•) 


PRODUCTS — continued . 

Pig  iron,  classified  according  to  dispo- 
sition— Continued . 
Produced  for  sale- 
Tons 

Value 


Pig  iron,  classified  by  grades  (tons): 
Bessemer,  (0.04  to  0.10  per  cent 

in  phosphorus) 

Low  phosphorus  (below  0.04  per 

cent  in  phosphorus) 

Basic 

Foundry 

Forge  or  mill 

Malleable  Bessemer 

White,  mottled,  and  miscellane- 
ous  

Direct  castings 

Ferroalloys 

Spiegeleisen 

Ferromanganese 

Ferrosilicon,  including  Besse- 
mer ferrosilicon  (7  per  cent 
or  over  in  silicon)  and  fer- 
rophosphorus 


1909 


Pig  iron,  classified  by  method  of  delivery 
or  casting  (tons): 
Delivered  in  molten  condition. . . 

Sand  cast 

Machine  cast 

Chill  cast 

Direct  castings 


EQUIPMENT. 

Furnaces  in  active  establishments: 
Completed  stacks  at  end  of  year- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons 

Active  during  the  year- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons 

In  course  of  construction  at  end 
of  year- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons 


Pig-casting  machines,  number 

Granulated  slag  pits: 

Number 

Annual  capacity,  tons 

Gas  engines  operated  with  blast-fur- 
nace gas: 

Number 

Horsepower 


9,793,595 
$148, 443, 426 


10,147,052 

248,720 

7,741,759 

5,539,410 

586,685 

934, 211 

110,810 
16, 181 
326, 970 
142,223 
82,208 


102,539 


12,197,686 

7,655,568 

5,096,797 

685,566 

16, 181 


101,447 


370 
98,973 


10 
4,100 


85 
5,699,259 


85 
198,040 


1904  > 


6,697,080 
$90,043,530 


8,894,584 

192,795 

2,553,940 

3,675,310 

601, 677 

316,964 

98,627 

9,469 

280,259 

169,630 

57,072 


53,557 


5,898,744 

6,078,844 

4,307,108 

329, 460 


343 

78,180 


317 
73,884 


4 
1,375 


i  S?*-  including  the  statistics  for  a  blast  furnace  operated  by  a  penal  institution. 

3  M^f  ^^^l%  "''■  o  ^  '^i'Z.^l  ^"^S'  f°''  ^n^elting  only ;  those  for  1904  and  1899  include  fuel  for  steam  raising. 

^  araVand"^kf  ^feftS'K  baS^ke.^'^  ^"'''''  '^'  "^^  "'  ''""^^  ^^  »"^'  *»^"^«  '^'''^  ^  ^^P^'^^- 
» Includes  52,992  tons  of  mixed  charcoal  and  coke  pie  iron 
•  Not  reported. 


1899' 


(•) 


47 
3,338,200 


8,475,530 

(•) 

937,439 
3,510,300 
1,057,616 

(•) 

208,323 
7,123 
251,460 
163,672 
51,878 


35,910 


(•) 

(*) 
(•) 
(•) 


7,123 


343 

54,425 


(•) 


326 


16 

7,276 


(•) 


Steel  works  and  rolling  mills.— Table  57  presents 
comparative  statistics  of  steel  works  and  rolUng  mills, 
including  those  of  forges  and  bloomeries.  Section  I  of 
the  table  deals  with  materials.  The  second  section 
deals  with  products.  It  shows  separately  each  of  the 
products  properly  designated  as  rolled  and  forged  steel 


and  iron,  but  contains  also  a  miscellaneous  item,  which 
includes  the  value  added  to  such  products  in  their 
conversion  into  more  highly  manufactured  articles  by 
the  same  establishment,  so  that  the  total  includes  the 
entire  value  of  output  of  the  estabhshments  in  the 
industry.     This  total  and  also  the  separate  total  for 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


489 


rolled  and  forged  products  alone  include  no  duplica- 
tion of  quantity  or  value  of  products  within  any  given 
establishment  itself,  but  there  is  considerable  dupli- 
cation due  to  the  use  of  the  product  of  one  establish- 
ment as  raw  material  for  another  establishment, 
whether  the  latter  be  owned  by  a  separate  concern  or 
by  the  same  company. 

Section  III  of  the  table,  headed  "  Steel,"  gives  the 
entire  quantity  of  crude  steel  produced  by  the  steel 
works,  including  that  subjected  to  further  processes 
of  manufacture  whether  by  the  establishment  in  wliich 
produced  or  by  other  establishments.  The  value  of 
this  steel  appears,  therefore,  distributed  among  various 
items  under  Section  II.  Section  IV  of  the  table  gives 
in  detail  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  more  higlily 
elaborated  products  made  by  the  rolling  mills  them- 
selves from  the  rolling-mill  products  specified  in  Sec- 
tion II.  The  entire  value  of  these  products  appears 
in  Section  II,  either  as  p^-rt  of  the  various  items  of 
rolled  products  or  in  the  miscellaneous  item  of  value 
added  to  rolling-mill  products  by  further  manufacture. 
The  fifth  section  of  the  table  deals  with  products  sold 
for  export  by  rolling-mill  concerns;  it  includes  only 
the  products  so  sold  directly  by  the  establishments 
producing  them  and  not  suoh  as  may  be  sent  abroad 
by  others  who  purchase  from  the  manufacturer.  The 
sixth  section  deals  with  equipment. 

In  1909  the  rolled,  forged,  and  cast-steel  products 
specifically  classified  aggregated  26,723,274  tons, 
valued  at  $863,342,711,  and  in  1899,  15,055,626  tons, 
valued  at  $510,906,040,  the  increase  in  tonnage  being 
77.5  per  cent  and  in  value  69  per  cent.  The  ton  of 
2,240  pounds  is  used  in  showing  quantities  except 
when  otherwise  stated. 


Table  57— Continued. 


Table  57 


I.  MATERIALS. 

Total  coit 

Iron  and  steel:  > 

Forfurnacet  and  hot  rolU — 

Tons 

Cost 

Pig  Iron  and  ferroalloys — 

Tons 

Cost 

Pig  iron- 
Tons 

Cost 

Ferroalloys — spiege  1  ei  s  e  n , 
ferromanganese,  etc. — 

Tons 

Cost 

Scrap,  including  old  rails  not  in- 
tended for  rerolllng- 

Tons 

Cost 

Ingots,  blooms,  billets,  slabs, 
muck  and  scrap  bar,  rerolllng 
rails,  and  sheet  and  tin-plate 
bars- 
Tons 

Cost 

Rolled  forms  for  further  manufacture— 
Skelp— 

Tons 

Cost 

AVire  rods — 

Tons 

Cost 

Iron  ore: 

Tons 

Cost 

All  other  materials 


1009 


9667,500,M6 


30,388,755 
$515,769,588 

19,076,889 
$297,471,122 

18,712,304 
$282,663,740 


364,585 
$14,807,382 


4,803,617 
$72,722,831 


6,508,249 
$145,575,635 


176,717 
$5,704,866 

146,425 
$4,252,695 

835,338 
$4,292,963 

$127,480,754 


1004 


$441,204,432 


22,235,682 
$349,971,512 


12,191,228 
$172,101,436 


(•) 
(•) 


(») 
(') 


5,124,277 
$67,601,248 


4.920,177 
$110,268,828 


259,643 
$7,331,935 

161,914 
$4,774,383 

549,995 
$2,396,792 

$76,729,810 


18M 


$390,895,877 


18,414,717 
$315,726,895 


10,411,281 
$151,064,348 


(») 


4,126,980 
$66,852,621 


3,876,456 
$97,809,926 


136,725 
$5,419,617 


346,310 
$1,348,809 


$68,399,956 
For  footnotes, 


n.  PEODUCTS. 

Totalvalue 

Rolled,  forged,  and  other  classified 
products,  steel  and  iron: 

Tons 

Value 

Rails- 
Tons 

Value 

Bessemer  steel- 
Tons 

Value 

Open-hearth  steel,  basic- 
Tons 

Value 

ReroUed  or  renewed  rails- 
Tons 

Value 

RaU  fastenings  (splice  bars,  tie- 
plates,  fishplates,  etc.}— 

Tons 

Value 

Structural  shapes,  not  including 
plaies  used  for  making  girders- 
Tons 

Value 

Steel- 
Tons 

Value 

Open-hearth — 

Tons 

Value 

Bessemer- 
Tons 

Value 

Iron- 
Tons 

Value 

Bars  and  rods,  including  mer- 
chant, shovel,  finger,  and;  horse- 
shoe bars,  spike,  chain  bolt, 
and  nut  rods,  etc.  (but  not  in- 
cluding wire  rods,  sheet  and  tin- 
plate  t>ars,  splice  bars,  and  bars 
for  reenforocd  concrete): 

Tons 

Value 

Bars  for  reenforoed  concrete: 

Tons 

Value - 

Wire  rods: 

Tons 

Value 

Plates  and  stieets,  not  including 
black  plates  or  sheets  for  tin- 
ning, nail  and  tack  plates,  tie- 
plates,  fishplates  or  armor 
plates: 

Tons 

Value 

Black  plates,  or  sheets,  for  tinning: 

Tons 

Value 

Skelp,  flue  and  pipe: 

Tons 

Value 

Hoops,  bands,  and  cotton  ties: 

Tons 

Value 

Nail  and  tack  plates: 

Tons 

Value 

Axles,  car,  locomotive,  automo- 
bile, wagon,  carriage,  etc.,  rolled 
or  forged: 

Tons 

Value 

Armor  plates,  gun  lorgings,  and 
ordnance: 

Tons 

Value 

Blooms,  billets,  and  slabs,  pro- 
duced for  sale  or  for  transfer  to 
other  works  of  same  company : 

Tons 

Value... 

Rolled  forging  blooms  and  billets 
pro<luced  for  sale  or  for  transfer  to 
other  works  of  same  company: 

Tons 

Value 

Sheet  and  tin-plate  bars  produced 
for  sale  or  for  transfer  to  other 
works  of  same  company: 

Tons 

Value 

Muck  and  scrap  bar  produced  for 
sale  or  for  transfer  to  other  works 
of  same  company: 

Tons 

.  Value 

All  other  rolled  steel  or  iron: 

Tons 

Value 

see  page  490. 


1909 


$986,722,534 


26,723,274 
$863,342,711 

2,858,599 
$81,128,295 

1,643,527 
$44,727,515 

1,215,072 
$36, 400, 780 

106,352 
$2,683,017 


396,911 
$14,488,412 


2,123,630 
$65,564,593 

2,102,300 
$64,853,466 

» 1,934,230 
$59,789,948 

168,070 
$5,063,518 

21,330 
$711,127 


3,784,248 
$121,488,423 

191,358 
$5,588,963 

2,295,279 
$61,947,958 


3,332,733 
$133,272,393 

631,435 
$30,955,967 

2,084,286 
$64,514,728 

341,043 
$10,429,681 

68,557 
$2,540,022 


102,348 
$3,831,344 


26,845 
$10,649,079 


4,887,796 
$108,514,747 


84,383 
$2,247,133 


1,652,761 
$37,745,269 


174,496 
$4,986,211 

566,627 
$39,670,061 


1904 


>  $673,965,026 


18,218,233 
$585,288,243 

«  2, 194, 605 
$58,256,750 

2,065,024 
$54,627,488 

128,681 
$3,608,562 

99,530 
$2,480,328 


174,065 
$6,663,052 


954,637 
$32,730,901 


950,062 
$32,586,701 


618,391 
$21,496,531 


331,671 
$11,089,170 


4,475 
$145,200 


2,442,810 
$84,069,122 


1,792,704 
$52,995,031 


1,856,469 
$77,802,001 

504,025 
$25,297,079 

1,557,690 
$46,780,202 

337,223 
$12,760,010 

86,601 
$2,462,076 


83,586 
$2,875,829 


24,433 
$10,549,620 


4,823,685 
$109,611,104 


150,926 
$3,940,998 

377,665 
$16,743,727 


490 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  S  7— Continued. 


1909 


n.  PRODUCTS— continued. 

Rolled,   forged,   and   other   classified 
products,  steel  and  iron— Continued. 
Ingots  produced  for  sale  or  for  trans- 
fer to  other  works  of  same  com- 

Tons 

Value 

Direct  steel  castings: 

Tons 

Value 

All  other  forged  steel  and  iron,  not 
including  remanufactures  of  roll- 
ing-mill products: 

Tons 

Value 


All  other  products 

Miscellaneous  steel  and  iron  prod- 
ucts not  rolled,  including  value 
added  to  iron  and  steel  rolling- 
mill  products  by  further  manufac- 
ture   

Scrap  steel  or  iron  produced  for  sale 
or  for  transfer  to  other  works  of 
same  company: 

Tons 

Value 


All  products  other  than  steel  and 
iron 


Total  production: 

Tons 

Value  (Included  above). 


Classified  according  to  process: 
Open-hearth — 

Tons 

Value 

Basic- 
Tons 

Value 

Acid- 

Tons 

Value , 

Bessemer- 
Tons 

Value 

Crucible  and  miscellaneous- 
Tons 

Value 


1904 


Classified  according  to  form; 

Ingots- 
Tons 

Value 

Castmgs— 

Tons 

Value 


Duplex  process— open-hearth  steel  partly 

Surifled  in  Bessemer  converters  before 
nishing  in  open-hearth  furnaces  (in- 
cluded above),  tons 


Alloyed  steels,  nickel,  tungsten,  titanium, 
chrome,    vanadium,   etc.    (included 

above),  tons 

Classified  according  to  process; 

Ojwn-hearth 

Basic 

Acid 

Bessemer 

Crucible  and  miscellaneous 

Classified  according  to  form; 

Ingots 

Castings 


IT.  MANTTFACTURES  FROM  ROLUNQ-MILL 
PRODUCTS. 

(Made  in  mill  producing,  value  pre- 
viously included.) 

Wire  and  wire  products: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Value 

Pipes  and  tubes: 

Wrought  welded— 

Tons 

Value 

Seamless,  hot-rolled  or  drawn- 
Tons 

Value 

All  other,  including  clinched,  rivet- 
ed, etc.,  but  not  including  cast: 

Tons 

Value 

Bolts,    nuts,    rivets,    forged    spikes, 
washers,  etc.: 

Kegs  (200  pounds) 

Value 

Cut  nails  and  spikes: 

Kegs  (100  potinds) 

Value 


142,745 
$3,593,726 

504,856 
$38,862,448 


365,986 
$18,740,241 

$122,379,823 


$86,534,369 


1,238,554 
$18,163,624 


$17,681,830 


« 23, 473, 718 
$478,736,988 


14,192,278 
$293,528,201 

13,210,419 
$262,529,822 

981,859 
$30,998,379 

9,174,067 
$177,064,776 

107,373 
$8,144,011 


22,968,862 
$439,874,540 

504,856 
$38,862,448 


622,682 


158,216 

100,335 
86,242 
14,093 
45,324 
12,557 

151,300 
6,916 


1,634,855 
$71,624,024 


1,314,771 
$68,471,573 

54,273 
$5,650,739 


17,561 


4,471,985 
$20,538,858 

1,009,319 
$2,218,207 


196,404 
$3,985,310 


287,325 
$20,600,136 


274,061 
$15,684,967 

$88,676,783 


$61,977,284 


877,177 
$11,079,831 


$15,619,668 


•13,666,408 
$260,884,712 


5,817,957 
$120,322,707 

5,062,152 
$94,390,927 

755,805 
$25,931,780 

7,768,141 
$134,549,580 

80,310 
$6,012,425 


13,379,083 
$240,284,576 

287,325 
$20,600,136 


(') 


(') 

C) 
C) 
U) 
(') 
(') 

(') 


1,416,494 
$67,551,443 


849,047 
$43,985,728 


20,636 
$2,290,234 


3,105,827 
$13,854,635 

1,311,549 
$2,394,108 


1899 


103,707 
$2,781,145 

177,156 
$14,609,893 


81,009 
$6,665,741 

$86,305,676 


(') 


(') 


(') 


10,685,000 
$212,538,875 


3,044,356 

$71,855,172 

2,153,835 
$43,509,506 

890,521 
$28,345,666 

7,532,028 
$132,113,984 

108,616 
$8,569,719 


10,507,844 
$197,928,982 

177,156 
$14,609,893 


C) 


(J) 

(■) 

(') 
(') 


879,296 
$47,728,784 


(') 
(') 


(') 
(') 


(') 
(') 


1,658,443 
$3,292,063 


IV.  MANUFACTURES  FROM  ROLLING-MILL 

PROD  UCTS— continued. 

Horse  and  mule  shoes: 

Kegs  (200  pounds) 

Value 

Springs,  car,  furniture,  and  all  other,  not 
including  wire  springs: 

Tons 

Value 

Switches,  frogs,  crossings,  etc.: 

Tons 

Value 

Galvanized  plates  or  sheets: 

Tons 

Value 

Stamped  ware: 

Tons 

Value 

Shovels,  spades,  scoops,  etc 


1909 


V.  PRODUCTS  SOLD  FOB  EXPORT. 

(By  establishments  producing.) 


Total  tons 

Hails 

Rail  fastenings 

Pipes  and  tubes,  wrought  welded. 

Sheet  and  tin-plate  bars 

Plates  and  sheets 

Galvanized  plates  or  sheets 

Structural  shapes 

Bars  and  rods 

Wire  rods 

Blooms,  billets,  and  slabs 

Skelp 

Miscellaneous 


VI.  EQUIPMENT. 

steel  plants:  Daily  capacity  of  steel  fur- 
naces and  converters,  tons  of  steel, 

double  .urn 

Open-hearth  furnaces — 

Number .• .*. . , 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

Basic- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

Acid- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

Converters,  Bessemer  or  modified 
Bessemer- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

Crucible  furnaces- 
Number 

Number  of  pots  that  can  be  used 

at  a  heat 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

All  other  steel  furnaces- 
Number 

Daily  capacity,  tons  of  steel, 

double  turn 

Metal  mixers — 

Number 

Capacity,  tons 


Rolling  mills:  Daily  capacity  of  rolled 
steel  and  iron,  double  turn,  tons 


996,383 
$7,202,897 


6,191 
$374,924 

28,608 
$2,471,008 

431,658 
$25,912,056 

24,612 

$2,296,707 

$540,321 


1904 


!67,646 

(') 

17,455 

(0 

20,118 

(') 

89,377 

85,123 

(') 

80,706 

(') 

79,246 

i] 

69,764 

48,938 

8 

18,738 

18,021 

v) 

10,703 

(7) 

29,457 

(') 

150,403 


768,253 
$5,483,137 


22,022 
$1,708,632 

C) 
(') 

(') 
C) 

C) 

$292,923 
$410,500 


1S99 


108, 716 

76,482 

53,745 

687 

481 

307 

61,601 

34,243 

18,245 

549 

339 

168 

55,273 

26,902 

12, 151 

138 

142 

139 

6,328 

7,341 

6,094 

'lOl 

81 

70 

48,823 

41,448 

34,925 

257 

146 

159 

3,840 

2,457 

2,528 

840 

693 

575 

16 

36 

(') 

292 

98 

56 

59 
14,343 

(') 
V) 

(') 
(') 

105, 591 


C) 
(') 

(') 
(') 

(') 
(') 

(') 
(') 
(') 


86,964 


1  Includes  materials  purchased  or  transferred  to  the  establi^ment  reporting 
from  other  works  of  the  company. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

'  In  addition,  steel  castmgs  and  rolled  steel  valued  at  $6,627,039  in  1909  and 
8347,264  in  1904  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

*  Includes  900  tons  of  iron  rails,  valued  at  $20,700,  in  1904,  and  880  tons,  valued 
at  $31,180,  in  1899. 

6  Includes  149,688  tons  of  steel,  valued  at  $4,537,625,  not  distributable  by  kind 
into  open-hearth  or  Bessemer. 

«In  addition,  49,481  tons  of  steel,  valued  at  $4,140,344.  in  1909,  and  4,184  tons, 
valued  at  $347,264,  in  1904,  distributed  as  to  topnage  as  indicated  below,  were  pro- 
duced by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other 
than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation: 


Tons  of  steel 

Classified  according  to  process: 

Open-hearth 

Bessemer 

Crucible  and  miscellaneous 
Classified  according  to  form: 

Ingots 

Castings 

'  Not  reported. 


1909        1904 


49,481 

36,099 
6,066 
7,316 

5,102 
44,379 


4,184 

2,440 
774 
970 


4,184 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


491 


The  following  table  gives,  for  1909,  statistics  of 
materials  consumed,  classified  as  purchased  or  as  pro- 
duced by  the  establishment  consuming,  and  statistics 
of  products,  classified  as  sold  or  as  consumed  by  the 
establishment  producing.  This  information  was  not 
secured  at  former  censuses.  Eighty  per  cent  of  the 
pig  iron  used  was  made  in  blast  furnaces  operated  by 
the  consumer.  The  difference  between  the  15,252,736 
tons  of  pig-iron  material  reported  as  produced  by  the 
consumer  and  the  15,858,203  tons  reported  in  the 
table  for  blast  furnaces  as  made  for  consumption  in 
works  of  the  producer — a  little  over  600,000  tons — 
represents  the  consumption  in  foundries  and  other 
shops  owned  by  the  producing  companies  but  not 
covered  by  the  preceding  table. 


Table  58 


Prodttced  and  purchated. 

Pig  iron  and  ferroalloys 

Pig  iron 

Ferroalloys— spiegeleisen,  (er- 

romanganese,  etc 

Scrap 

Ingots,  blooms,  billets,  slabs,  muck 
and  scrap  bar,  reroUing  rails,  and 
sheetand  tin-plate  bars,  not  pro- 
duced in  the  works 

Skelp 

Wire  rods 


._  QUANTITY  (TONS). 


Total. 


16, 076, 889 
18,712,304 


364,585 
9,929,710 


6,508,249 
1,578,290 
1,465,221 


Produced  by  the 

comi>any 

reporting— 


In  the 
works 
where 
con- 
sumed. 


5,126,093 


1,401,573 
1,318,790 


Trans- 
ferred 

from  other 
works  of  the 

company 


15,252,736 
15,106,244 


144,492 
773,843 


3,080,672 
35,221 
128,291 


Pur- 
Chased. 


3,824,153 
3,604,060 


220,093 
4,029,774 


3,427,577 
141,496 
18, 134 


Consumed  and  told. 

Steel  ingots 

Open-hearth 

Basic 

Acid 

Bessemer 

Crucible  and  miscellaneous. . 

Blooms,  billets,  and  slabs 

Rolled  forging  blooms  and  billets 

Muck  and  scrap  bar 

Sheet  and  tin-plate  bars 

Bars  and  rods 

Wire  rods 

Plates  and  sheets 

Black  plates  and  sheets 

Skelp 

Nail  and  tack  plates 

Miscellaneous  rolled  iron  or  steel. 
Miscellaneous  forged  iron  or  steel. 
Scrap 


QUANTITY  (TONS). 


Total. 


22,968,862 

13,725,783 

12,952,840 

772,943 

9,145,542 

97,537 

16,263,418 

160,997 

1,366,324 

2,094.398 

3,784,248 

2,295,279 

3,332,733 

631,435 

2,084,286 

68,557 

462,071 

365,986 

0,364,647 


For  oonsumption- 


In  the 
works 
pro- 
ducing. 


22,826,117 

13,626,241 

12,864,514 

761,727 

9,103,816 

96,060 

11,375,622 

76,614 

1,191,828 

441,637 

632,679 

1,318,796 

463,665 


1,401,573 
42,690 
66,581 
64,548 

5,126,093 


Trans- 
ferred 
to  other 
works  of  the 
company 


112,301 

72,433 

69,815 

2,618 

39,726 

142 

3,045,977 


20,065 
27,353 


465,161 
61,954 
575, 160 
102,027 


2,113 

'398,436 


For  sale. 


30,444 

27,109 

18,511 

8,598 

2,000 

l,33.'i 

1,841,81? 

84,383 

154,431 

1,625,408 

3,151,569 

511,322 

2,807,114 

56,275 

580,686 

25,867 

393,377 

301,438 

840, 118 


Tin  and  terne  plate. — The  statistics  for  the  tin  and 
terne  plate  industry  are  given  in  the  following  table. 
Nearly  98  per  cent  of  the  black  plates  dipped  were 
rolled  by  the  establishment  reporting.  The  value 
of  all  products  was  $47,969,645  in  1909  as  com- 
pared with  $31,892,011  m  1899,  an  increase  of  50.4 
per  cent.    The  development  of  the  tin  and  terne  plate 


industry  has  taken  place  almost  entirely  within  the 
last  20  years,  the  production  in  1891  being  only 
about  2,236,000  pounds,  or  less  than  one  five-hun- 
dredth of  the  1909  output. 


Table  59 


MATEBIALS. 

Total  cost 

Black  plates  or  sheets: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Produced  by  the  establishment 
reporting: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Purchased: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Coating  metals: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Tin,  includ  ing  tin  contents  of  terne 
mixture  purchased— 

Pounds 

Cost 

Lead,  including  lead  contents  of 
terne  mixture  purchased— 

Pounds 

Cost 

In  condition  purchated— 
Pig  tin- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Pig  lead- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Terne  mixture- 
Pounds 

Cost 

All  other  materials 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  valno 

Tin  and  terne  plates: 

Pounds 

Value 

Tin  plates- 
Pounds 

Value 

Terne  plates- 
Pounds 

Value 

Other  sheet  iron  or  sheet  steel  tinned 
or  teme-plated,  taggers  tin, etc.: 

Pounds 

Value .". 

All  other  products 

EQmPMENT. 

Tin  or  terne  tets  at  end  of  year: 
Completed— 

Number 

Usually  employed  on  tin 

plates 

Usually     employed     on 

terne  plates 

Daily  capacity,  single  turn, 

IKjunds 

Tin  plates 

Terne  plates 

Daily  capacity  as  operated, 
whether  on  single,  double, 

or  triple  turn,  pounds 

Building,  number 

Black-plate   department    of   establith- 
mentt  making  their  black  platet: 
Hot  black-plate  mills  at  end  of 
year- 
Completed- 

Number 

Annual  capacity  on  triple 

turn,  long  tons 

Building- 
Number 

Annual  capacity  on  triple 

turn,  long  tons 

Cold  mills,  completed,  number 


1909 


$41,889,484 

11,321,071,691 
$28,981,151 


1,291,048,109 
828,245,234 

30,023,582 
$735,917 

40,927,759 
$9,670,037 


31,077,651 
$9,235,718 


9,850,108 
$434,319 


28,686,267 
$8,490,794 

2,708,496 
$117,656 

9,632,996 
$1,061,587 

$3,238,246 


'  $47,969,846 

1,315,313,132 
$45,815,146 

1,123,968,875 
$38,259,885 

191,344,257 
$7,555,261 


19,400,934 
$520,465 


$1,634,034 


663 

450 

113 

2,795,972 

2,055,915 

740,057 


7,016,293 
49 


335 

1,042,088 

20 

36.600 
268 


1904 


$31,876,714 

1,019,608,657 
$22,992,006 


943,798,583 
$21,154,388 

'75,810,074 
$1,837,618 

32,445,104 
$7,075,722 


24,243,851 
$6,709,164 


8,201,253 
$366,558 


(•) 


(•) 
(«) 


$1,307,986 


$36,288,860 

1,026,384,851 
$34,549,543 

867,526,985 
$28,429,971 

158,857,866 
$6,119,572 


6,555,855 
$217,476 

$516,341 


598 

478 

120 

3,261,298 

2,694,115 

667,183 


7,121,350 


315 

707,405 

(0 

(•) 

272 


>  Domestic;  no  foreign  plates  reported;  Includes  8,726,538  pounds  of  Iron  plates; 
balance  steel,  not  distributable  by  kind  of  steel. 

'  Includes  S3,900  pounds  of  foreign  plates,  costing  $3,769;  the  domestic  plates 
reported  were  distributed  by  kind  as  follows:  Bessemer  steel,  911,063,989  pounds; 
open-hearth  steel,  106,911,401  pounds;  iron,  949,367  pounds. 

>  Includes  2,358,007  pounds  of  foreign  plates,  costing  $78,282. 
<  Not  reported. 

"•  Consumption  ofestablishments  not  equipped  for  the  manufacture  of  black 
plates. 

«  Terne  mixture  purchased  not  reported  separately;  contents  reported  as  tin 
and  lead. 

T  In  addition  8,389,200  pounds  of  tin  and  terne  plate  and  taggers  tin,  valued  at 
$398,143,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of 
products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

*  Includes  Idle  establishments. 


492 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Wire. — The  following  table  presents  the  statistics 
for  wire  manufactures  in  1909.  Comparable  statistics 
in  detail  for  1904  and  1899  are  not  available  for  the 
total  wire  production,  as  special  reports  were  not  se- 
cured prior  to  the  present  census  from  wire  mills  draw- 
ing wire  from  purchased  rods.  The  total  value  of  the 
steel  and  iron  wire  product  more  than  doubled  from 
1899  to  1909.  The  total  value  of  all  wire  and  manufac- 
tures of  wire  reported  in  1909  was  $173,349,614,  of 


which  69.6  per  cent  represents  the  value  of  products 
made  from  steel  and  iron,  27.2  per  cent  that  of 
products  made  from  copper,  and  3.2  per  cent  that  of 
products  made  from  other  metal,  chiefly  brass.  Estab- 
lishments rolling  wire  from  rods  manufactured  by 
them  reported  54.3  per  cent  of  the  wire  products  in 
value,  and  mills  drawing  wire  from  purchased  rods 
produced  4,5.7  per  cent.  The  ion  of  2,000  pounds  is 
used  in  showing  quantities. 


Table  60 


PRINCIPAL  MATERUM. 

Metal  used,  cost 


Wberods 

Steel- 
Tons 

Cost 

Open-hearth— 

Tons 

Cost 

Basic- 
Tons 

Cost 

Acid— 

Tons 

Cost 

Bessemer- 
Tons 

Cost 

Crucible  and  other  steel- 
Tons 

Cost , 

Iron- 
Tons 

Cost 

Copper- 
Tons 

Cost 

Other  metal—* 

Tons 

Cost 

Purchased  wire,  plain  or  coated: 

Tons 

Cost 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  value . 


Total. 


Wire,  and  manufactures  of  wire 

Steel  and  Iron- 
Tons 

Value 

Wire  drawn  for  sale — 

Tons 

Value 

Plain- 
Tons 

Value 

Coated— 

Tons 

Value 

Wire  nails  and  spikes — 

Kegs  (100  pounds) 

Value 

Wire  brads,  tacks,  and  staples- 
Tons 

Value 


9116,666,487 

$112,799,516 

2,514,504 
167,439,887 

1,359,256 
138,532,177 

1,255,747 
$35,046,106 

103.509 
$3,486,071 

1,148,353 
$28,340,445 

6,895 
$567,265 

4,849 
$207,846 

151,951 
$40,916,084 

17,944 
$4,235,699 

57,922 
$2,855,911 


|180,083,6§^ 

$173,349,614 

2,471,858 
$120,585,637 

826,451 
$38,845,081 

472,046 
$22,632,230 

354,405 
$16,212,851 

13,926,861 

$27,575,774 

28,125 
$1,324,170 


Wire  mills 
(wire  rods 
purchased). 


$61,240,373 

$50,810,983 

850,729 
$23,021,867 

285,961 
$8,536,361 

233,105 
$6,695,310 

52,856 
$1,841,051 

558,048 
813,936,178 

6,720 
$549,328 

1,055 
$62,203 

102,394 
$27,462,312 

935 
$264,601 

8,943 
$429,390 


$84,486,618 

$79,249,869 

821,929 
$47,934,204 

343,905 
$18,823,035 

188,846 
$11,349,868 

155,059 
$7,473,167 

3,449,753 
$7,142,047 

7,334 
$320,224 


Wire  depart- 
ments of 
rolling  mills* 
(wire  rods 
roUed). 


$64,416,054 

$61,988,533 

1,663,775 
$44,418,020 

1,073,295 
$29,995,816 

1,022,642 
$28,350,796 

50,653 
$1,645,020 

590,305 
$14,404,267 

175 
$17,937 

3,794 
$145,643 

49,557 
$13,453,772 

17,009 
$3,971,098 

48,979 
$2,426,521 


$96,697,004 

$94,099,745 

1,649,929 
$72,651,433 

482,546 
$20,022,046 

283,200 
$11,282,362 

199,346 
$8,739,684 

10,477,108 
$20,433,727 

20, 791 
$1,003,946 


Total. 


PRODUCTS — continued. 

Wire  and  manufactures  of  wire— Contd. 
Steel  and  iron— Continued. 

Barb  wire- 
Tons  

Value 

Woven  wire,  fencing,  and  poul- 
try netting- 
Tons 

Value 

Wire  rope  and  strand- 
Tons 

Value 

Other  manufactures— springs, 
bale  ties,  cold-rolled  flat  wire, 
etc. — 

Tons 

Value 

Copper- 
Tons 

Value , 

Wire  drawn  for  sale — 

Tons 

Value 

Manufactures  of  wire — 

Tons 

Value 

Other  metal— 1 

Tons 

Value 

Wire  drawn  for  sale — 

Tons 

Value 

Manufactures  of  wire- 
Tons 

Value 


All  other  products 

Wiredrawn,  whether  for  consumption 
or  for  sale,  tons: 

steel  and  iron 

Copper 

Other  metal  * 


EQUIPUENT. 

Wire-drawing  blocks: 

Number » 

Annual  capacity,  tons 

Wire-nail  machines: 

Number 

Annual    capacity    (kegs    of    100 

pounds) 

Woven-wire  fence  machines: 

Number 

Annual  capacity,  tons 


323,565 
$13,881,517 


422,127 
$21,419,170 


45,303 
$6,683,771 


129,945 
$10,856,154 

154,231 
$47, 184, 164 

139, 482 
$42,336,274 

14, 749 

$4,847,890 

17,407 
$5,579,813 

15,583 
$4,993,376 

1,824 
$586,437 

$6,733,908 


2,389,136 
147,156 
17,411 


43,697 
3,213,574 

4,428 

18,756,995 

446 
481,373 


Wire  mills 
(wire  rods 
purchased). 


76,268 
$3,343,856 


115,889 
$6,724,077 

34,140 
$5,450,064 


71,906 
$6,130,901 

102,604 
$30,831,646 

102,418 
$30,736,728 

186 
$94,918 

1.048 

$484; 019 

1,008 
$459,583 

40 
$24,436 

$5,236,649 


787,322 

101,890 

1,051 


28,119 
1,065,250 

1,207 

4,693,513 

198 
134,803 


Wire  depart- 
ments of 

rolling  mills » 

(wire  rods 

rolled). 


I  Includes  the  wire  departments  of  iron  and  steel,  copper,  and  brass  rolline  mills. 
»  Brass,  bronze,  German  silver,  zinc,  etc..  chiefly  brass 
3  Includes  rod,  redrawing,  and  fine  wire  blocks. 


The  comparative  statistics  for  steel  and  iron  wire 
products,  1909,  1904,  and  1899,  are  as  follows: 


247,297 
$10,537,661 


306,238 
$14,695,093 


11,163 
$1,233,707 


58,039 
$4,725,253 

51,627 
$16,352,518 

37,064 
$11,599,546 

14,563 
$4,752,972 

16,359 
$5,095,794 

14,575 
$4,533,793 

1,784 
$562,001 

$1,497,259 


1,601,814 
45,266 
16,360 


15,578 
2,148,324 

3,221 

14,063,482 

248 
346,570 


Table 

61                     PRODUCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Total  value 

$120,686,637 

$47,934,204 

1,649,929 
$72,651,433 

$83,363,966 

$15,802,513 

1.416,494 
$67,551,443 

$62,871,387 

$5,142,603 

879.296 
$47, 728;  784 

Wire  mills 

Wire  departments  of  rolling  mills: 
Tons 

Value 

LEATHER  AND  ITS  PEODUCTS. 

The  primary  or  underlying  industry  of  this  group 
is  the  converting  of  hides  and  skins  into  leather  by  the 
various  processes  of  tanning,  tawing,  currying,  and 
finishing.  The  designation  employed  for  this  indus- 
try is  "leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished."  The 
group  also  includes  the  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes  and  the  manufacture  of  leather  gloves  and 
mittens. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


493 


leather. — The  following  table  gives  the  statistics  of 
the  leather  industry  in  detail  for  1909,  1904,  and  1899. 

The  number  of  hides  and  skins  treated,  including 
those  treated  as  custom  work  for  others  not  tanners, 
curriers,  or  finishers,  as  well  as  those  used  in  further 
manufacture  by  the  establishments  treating  them, 
was  146,328,586  in  1909  and  131,011,956  in  1904. 
Comparative  figures  for  this  aggregate  for  1899  are 
not  available.  Exclusive  of  custom  work,  116,040,986 
hides  and  skins,  costing  $195,058,557,  were  treated  by 
tanneries  in  1909,  and  99,709,343,  costing  $123,545,969, 
in  1899,  the  increase  in  number  being  16.4  per  cent 
and  that  in  cost  57.9  per  cent.  The  increase  for  the 
decade  in  the  number  of  hides  used  was  15.9  per  cent; 


that  in  calf  and  kip  skins,  120.6  per  cent;  that  in 
sheepskins,  6.4  per  cent;  and  that  in  goatskins,  less 
than  1  per  cent. 

The  cost  of  purchased  rough  leather  used  increased 
43.4  per  cent  and  that  of  all  other  materials,  which 
include  tanning  and  finishing  materials,  76.1  per  cent. 

The  value  of  leather  manufactured  in  1909  was 
$306,476,720,  as  compared  with  $194,202,063  in  1899, 
an  increase  of  57.8  per  cent,  which  is  practically  the 
same  as  the  percentage  of  increase  in  the  cost  of  hides 
and  skins  treated.  There  is  considerable  duplication 
in  the  value  of  products,  due  to  the  sale  of  leather 
in  the  rough  as  product  of  one  establishment  and  its 
use  as  material  in  another. 


Table  62 


HATKRIALS. 
Total  cost 

Hides'  (allkiods): 

Number 

Cost 

Skins:  > 

Number 

Cost 

Cai;  and  kip- 
Number  

Cost 

Goat- 
Number  

Cost 

Sheep — 

Number 

Cost •.... 

All  other- 
Number 

Cost 

Rout;h  leather  purchased 

Whole  sides- 
Number  

Cost 

Ora  ins- 
Sides 

Coat 

Splits 

AU  other 

All  other  materials 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Leather 

Sole 

Hemlock — 

Sides 

Value 

Oak- 
Sides 

Value 

Union- 
Sides 

Value 

Chrome — 

Sides 

Value 

Upper,  other  than  caU  or  kip 

skins 

Grain,    satin,    pebble,    etc. 
(side  leather)— 

Sides 

Values 


1909 


1348,278,938 


» 18,360,415 
1119,410,767 

97,680,571 
$75,647,790 

19,732,638 
831,790,572 

48,077,6b4 
$27,833,214 

26,082.060 
$12,231,618 

•3,788,209 
83.792,386 
$9,556,257 

1,468.213 

$4,967,781 

525,786 
81.201,842 
81,442,505 
81,944,129 

843,664,119 


4  8387,874,187 

8306,476,720 
888,331,713 

7,963,728 
832,237,151 

3.805,861 
820,083,793 

5,756,227 
828,375,815 

279.436 
81,634,954 

839,951,460 


7,946,760 
824,198,993 


1904 


1191,179,078 


17,581,613 
889,126,593 

90,625,064 
856,341,332 

12.481,221 
815,725,616 

47,665,603 
826,756,012 

27.492,359 
810,547,883 

2.985,881 
83,311.821 
810,852,655 

2,414.102 
88,136,661 

342,332 

8980,260 

81,108.243 

8627,491 

834,858,493 


*  |8<8,620,986 

8236.765.803 
869,205,600 

9.929.904 
832,676,015 

3,607.903 
819,157,805 

4,400,011 
817,371,780 

(') 

h 

824,815,835 


6,850,469 
815,487,252 


1899 


8155,000,004 


15,838,862 
877,784,760 

83.870,481 
845,701,209 

8.944,454 
810,792,485 

48.046,897 
824,950.223 

24,507,642 
88,457,905 

2,371,488 
81.560.506 
80,663,395 

1,086,602 
83,534,097 

165.938 

8467,125 

81.320,589 

81,341,584 

824,790,640 


$204,038,187 

8194,202,063 
855,481,625 

9,810,996 
829,305,561 

2,562,814 
813,359,a'<6 

3,096.162 
812,807,262 

2,100 

88,966 

825,311,838 


8.141,093 
817,478,802 


PRODUCTS— continued. 

Leather— Continued. 
Upper— Continued . 
Finished  splits- 
Number 

Value 

Patent  and  enameled  shoe- 
Sides  

Value 

Horsehides  and  coltskin»— 

Number 

Value 

Calf  and  kip  skins,  tanned  and 
finished- 
Number 

Value 

Grain  finished- 
Number  

Value 

Flesh  finished- 
Number 

Value 

Goatskins,  tanned  and  finished- 
Number 

Value 

Black- 
Number 

Value 

Colored- 
Number  

Value , 

Sheepskins,  tanned  and  finish^— 

Number 

Value 

Belttag— 

Sides 

Value 

Harness- 
Sides 

Value 

Carriage,  automobile,  and  furni- 
ture— 

Hides 

Value 

Trunk,  bag,  and  pocketbook 

Bookbinder's 

Glove 

Sold  in  rougli 

Another 


All  other  products 

Work  on  materials  for  others. 


1909 


8,134,229 
87,410,740 


2,705,291 
88,341,727 


1,342,938 
84,953,145 


19,012,064 
842,412,256 

17,516,910 
839,982,447 

1,495,154 
82,429,809 

47,907,211 
840,882,640 

40,351,192 
833,949,575 

7,666,010 
86,033,065 

19,665,155 
812,236,687 

J, 042, 070 
86,995,133 

3,946,235 
824,802,734 


1,398,842 
814,266,742 
86,198,544 
82,450,155 
84,913,543 
86,335,599 
811,746,369 

88,632,689 
812,764,778 


1904 


6,205,050 
85,993,231 


1,356,777 
83,335,352 


1,529,395 
84,596,065 


12,014,223 
822,508,335 

10,211,885 
818,990,551 

1,802,338 
83,611,784 

45,691,492 
837,887,349 

40,019,614 
832,822,282 

6,671,878 
85,065,067 

20, 597, 598 
811,168,829 

859,564 
84,754,456 

4,369,561 
820,274,188 


827,104 
87,780,804 
84,920,750 
82,283,761 
83,344,614 
810,180,949 
813,044,268 

87,665,223 
88,189,960 


1899 


8,790,382 
86,740,502 


236,943 
81,092,534 


223,378 
8843,  US 


8,264,272 
814,619,150 

7,112,859 
812,127,439 

1,151,413 
82,491,711 

47,043,932 
835,672,981 

38,176,816 
829,050,886 

8,867,116 
86,622,095 

20,290,985 
88,353,756 

1,472,016 
87,092,778 

3,444,616 
816,712,056 


619,741 
85,748,387 
82,611,326 
81,688,413 
83,084,837 
86,864,345 
810,117,454 

85,514,396 
84,321,669 


•  In  addition,  in  1909, 1,903,278  hides  and  27,936,887  skins  and  in  1904,  961,431  hides  and  21,792,110  skins,  were  treated  for  others,  not  tanners,  curriers,  or  finishers;  and 
in  1909,  252,639  hides  and  194,796  skins  and  in  1904, 12,453  hides  and  39,285  skins  were  treated  by  establishments  using  the  leather  for  further  manufacture. 

'  Cattle  hides  only. 
'  Includes  horsehides. 

*  In  addition,  in  1909,  leather  to  the  value  of  86,231,374,  and  in  1904  to  the  value  of  8164,932,  was  tanned,  curried,  or  finished  and  consumed  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 


Boots  and  shoes. — The  full  designation  for  this  in- 
dustry is  "boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock 
and  findings."  The  total  value  of  products  was 
$512,797,642  in  1909,  as  compared  with  $357,688,160 


in  1904  and  $290,047,087  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the 
decade  of  $222,750,555,  or  76.8  per  cent.  In  addi- 
tion, in  1909  there  were  boot  and  shoe  products  to  the 
valueof  $1,439,280,  and  in  1904  to  the  value  of  $89,000, 


494 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by 
the  industry  designation.  The  schedule  employed  did 
not  call  for  segregation  of  value  of  products.  The 
following  table  shows  the  number  of  pairs  of  the 
different  kmds  of  shoes  and  slippers  reported  at  each 
of  the  last  three  censuses. 


Table  63 


Boots  and  shoes 

Men's 

Boys'  and  youths' 

Women's 

Misses'  and  children's. 


Slippers .-.- 

Men's,  boys',  and  youths 

Women's,  misses',  and  children's — 
Infants'  shoes  and  slippers 


All  other. 


NUMBER  OF  PA.IE3. 


1909 


247,643,197 
93,888,892 
23,8;«,626 
86.595,314 
43,320,365 

17,507,834 

4,802,841 

12,704,993 

15,000,721 

4,865,429 


1904 


216,039,401 
83,434.322 
21,717,236 
69,470,876 
41,416,967 

17,518,291 

4,403,097 

13,115,194 

8,552,343 


1899 


195,689,173 
67,742,839 
21,030,479 
64,972,653 
41,843,202 

17,092,841 
4,446,965 
12,645,876 
(') 

5,283,405 


^  >  Not  reported  separately. 

There  were  247,643,197  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes 
manufactured  in  1909,  216,039,401  pairs  in  1904,  and 


195,589,173  pairs  in  1899,  the  increase  being  26.6  per 
cent  for  the  decade  and  14.6  per  cent  for  the  1904- 
1909  period.  In  1909  men's  boots  and  shoes  formed 
37.9  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  boots  and  shoes; 
women's,  35  per  cent;  misses'  and  children's,  17.5  per 
cent;  and  boys'  and  youths',  9.6  per  cent. 

The  total  output  of  slippers  reported  for  1909  was 
17,507,834  pairs,  practically  the  same  as  at  each  of  the 
two  preceding  censuses.  The  figures  indicate  a  con- 
siderable decrease  since  1904  in  women's,  misses',  and 
children's  slippers,  but  it  is  probable  that  infants' 
shoes  and  slippers,  reported  separately  in  1909,  were  to 
some  extent  included  with  children's  slippers  in  1904. 

The  number  of  pairs  of  the  different  kinds  of  boots, 
shoes,  and  slippers  manufactured  by  the  various  meth- 
ods was  reported  for  the  first  time  in  1909,  and  is  shown 
in  the  next  table.  Of  the  total  number  manufactured, 
43.2  per  cent  were  of  the  McKay  type,  35.3  per  cent 
machine  or  hand  welt,  10.6  per  cent  turned,  8.8  per 
cent  wire-screw  or  metal-fastened,  and  2.1  per  cent 
wooden-pegged. 


Table  64 


Boots  and  shoes 

Men's 

Boys'  and  youths' 

Women's 

Misses'  and  children's 

Slippers 

Men's,  boys',  and  youths' 

Women's,  misses',  and  children's 
Infants'  shoes  and  slippers 

AU  other 


NT7HBEB  Or  PAIBS. 


Total. 


247,643,197 
93,888,892 
23,838,626 
86,595,314 
43,320,365 

17,507,834 
4,802,841 
12,704,993 
15,000,721 

4,865,429 


Machine  or 
hand  welt. 


87,391,763 
53,212,450 

4,423,934 
25,871,899 

3,883,480 

1,318,995 
648,007 
670,988 

1,979,593 

1,429,249 


Turned. 


26,317,990 

989,240 

50,377 

14,281,764 

10,996,609 

7,611,748 
1,733,742 
5,878,006 
11,447,508 

1,189,742 


McKay. 


107,063,644 
20,438,585 
15,016,611 
44,518,966 
27,089,482 

8,396,874 
2,286,652 
6,110,222 
1,520,072 

1,286,281 


Wooden- 
pegged. 


5,226,161 

3,921,652 

567,939 

533,579 

202,991 

28,918 
16,851 
12,007 
41,731 

321,082 


Wire-screw 
or  metal- 
fastened. 


21,643,639 
15,326,965 
3,779,765 
1,389,106 
1,147,803 

151,299 
117,589 
33,710 
11,817 

639,075 


Gloves  and  mittens,  leather. — The  quantity  and 
value  of  the  different  kinds  of  products  reported  for 
this  branch  of  the  leather  industry  for  1909,  1904,  and 
1899  are  shown  in  the  following  table : 


Table 
65 


Total  value 

Gloves,  mittens,  and  gauntlets: 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Men's— 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Lined — 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

TJnlined— 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Women's  and  children's: 

Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Lined- 
Dozen  pairs 

Value 

Unlined— 

Dozen  ptdrs 

Value 


i  $23,630,598 

3,368,655 
$22,525,861 

2,585,977 
$17,060,797 

921,259 
$5,222,174 

1,664,718 
$11,838,623 

782,678 
$5,465,064 

365,477 
$1,718,198 

417,201 
$3,746,866 

All  other  products $1^  I04, 737 


1909 


1904 


$17,740,385 

3,370,146 
$17, 122, 772 

2,915,415 
$14,515,770 

1,317,083 
$6,333,081 

1,598,332 
$8,182,689 

454,731 
$2,607,002 

241,361 
$1,030,843 

213,370 
$1,576,159 

$617,613 


1899 


I  $16,926,156 

2  2,895,001 
2$16,039,168 

2,267,327 
$12,418,258 

952,820 
$4,959,902 

1,314,507 
$7,458,356 

604,330 
$3,470,258 

267, 149 
$1,247,916 

337, 181 
$2,222,342 

$886,988 


.  ^,^^t?o?.P  1909,36,944  dozen  pairs  of  gloves,  mittens,  and  gauntlets,  to  the 
.  ,0^"^  $264,961;  m  1904,  gloves,  mittens,  and  gauntlets,  to  the  value  of  $166,164;  and 
in  1899,  gloves,  mittens,  and  gauntlets,  to  the  value  of  $217,157,  were  made  by  estab- 
Ushments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  cov- 
ered by  the  industry  designation. 

j  Includes  24,004  dozen  pairs  of  gauntlets,  valued  at  $150,652,  not  distributed  bv 
kinds.  •' 


The  greater  increase  in  value  was  due  to  the  higher 
prices  paid  for  hides  and  skins,  and  an  increased  pro- 
duction of  the  better  grades  of  gloves. 

The  number  of  men's  gloves  manufactured  largely 
outnumbered  that  of  women's  and  children's  at  each 
census,  but  importations  of  kid  gloves  for  women 
probably  greatly  reduce  the  demand  for  American 
makes.  The  number  of  men's  gloves  increased  during 
the  decade  14.1  per  cent,  and  the  number  of  women's 
and  children's  29.5  per  cent. 

CHEMICALS  AND  ALLIED  PRODUCTS. 

The  industries  in  this  group  comprise  those  which 
produce  chemicals  as  products  or  which  employ  to  a 
large  extent  chemical  processes  in  manufacture.  The 
grouping  is  necessarily  somewhat  arbitrary.  Separate 
tables  present  the  statistics  for  each  of  the  following 
industries : 


Chemicals. 

Coke. 

Dyestufts  and  extracts. 

Explosives. 

Fertilizers. 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating. 

Glucose  and  starch. 

Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake. 


Oil,  essential. 

Paint  and  varnish. 

Petroleum,  refining. 

Salt. 

Soap. 

Sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed 

acids. 
Turpentine  and  rosin. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


495 


Chemicals. — Table  66  presents  the  statistics  for  the 
general  chemical  industry  as  classified  by  the  Bureau 
of  the  Census,  but  reference  should  be  made  to  the 
groups  and  items  specified  in  the  table  for  information 
as  to  the  products  included  under  this  head.  It  does 
not  include  products  listed  independently  in  the  pre- 
ceding paragraph,  nor  does  it  include  the  products  of 
wood  distillation  or  chemicals  made  by  estabhsh- 
ments  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  pharmaceutical 
preparations. 

The  value  of  all  products  of  the  "chemical"  indus- 
try, including  the  same  commodities  made  by  estab- 
lishments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  other 
products,  was  $126,794,345  in  1909  and  $78,285,646 
in  1904.  The  products  of  estabhshments  classified  as 
chemical  factories  proper  were  valued  at  $117,688,887 
in  1909  and  $48,039,595  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the 
decade  of  $69,649,292,  or  145  percent.  Some  of  the 
groups  show  very  large  gains,  notably  products  made 
with  the  aid  of  electricity,  many  of  wliich  can  not  be 
be  shown  separately  without  disclosing  individual  oper- 
ations. The  value  of  these  products  increased  from 
$1,305,368  in  1899  to  $17,968,277  in  1909  and  the  value 
of  the  output  of  sodas,  the  leading  group  of  products  in 
tliis  respect,  increased  from  $11,596,915  to  $21,417,982. 

The  value  of  the  sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acid 
product,  shown  in  Table  80,  should  be  added  to  the 
value  of  the  acids  given  in  the  following  table  in  order 
to  ascertain  the  total  production  of  the  principal  acids. 
Including  these  acids,  the  value  of  the  acid  product 
(not  including  acids  consumed  by  establishments  mak- 
ing the  same  or  those  produced  as  by-products  of  other 
industries)  was  $19,493,663  in  1909,  $14,538,137  in 
1904,  and  $9,371,615  in  1899,  the  increase  for  the  de- 
cade being  108  per  cent.  The  ton  of  2,000  pounds  is 
used  in  showing  quantities. 


Table 
66 


Total  value 

Acids ' 

Acetic — 

Pounds 

Value 

Boric- 
Pounds 

Value 

atric— 

Pounds 

Value 

Hydrofluoric — 

Pounds 

Value 

Muriatic- 
Pounds 

Value 

Oleic— 

Pounds 

Value 

Phosphoric — 

Pounds 

Value 

other , 

Sodas 

Soda  ash — 

Tons 

V^alue , 

Sal  soda- 
Tons , 

Value 

Bicarbonate  of  soda — 

Tons 

Value , 

Caustic  soda' — 

Tons 

Value 


1909 


19M 


$117,688,887    2  |76,232,2i9 


1899 


811,926,389 

51,963,788 
SI,  136, 134 

5,554,414 
8295,739 

2,102,206 
$777,200 

4,790,963 
$214,657 

128,394,736 
$1,171,082 

13,337,717 
$680,015 

25,702,606 

$505,791 

$7,145,771 

$21,417,982 

646,007 
$10,361,756 

76,285 
$977, 712 

82,800 
$1,515,031 

112, 152 
$4,230,954 


$7,583,059 

27,001,322 
$537,542 

6,956,896 
$527,190 

2,265,631 
$598,718 

2,932,358 
$151,218 

127,502,682 
81,180,910 

991,050 

$68,541 
$4,518,940 

$16,858,929 

518,789 
$8,202,292 

56,870 
$792,248 

68,867 
$1,135,610 

80,159 
$2,924,182 


$48,039,695 

$3,161,743 

24,945,558 
$396,323 

2,684,935 
$198,212 

i? 

698,000 
$34,890 

116,675,109 
$1,015,915 

(♦) 
(*) 

(.') 

.  (*) 
$1,516,403 

$11,596,915 

386,361 
$4,768,383 

63,231 
$779, 166 

68,185 
$1,324,843 

78,779 
$2,917,955 


Table  66- 

Contd. 


Sodas— Continued. 
Borax — 

Tons 

Value 

other 

Potashes- 
Pounds 

Value 


Alums , 

Alum  cake — 

Pounds 

Value 

Potash  alum — 

Pounds 

Value 

AU  other 


Coal-tar  products 

Coal-tar  distillery  products , 

Chemicals  made  from  ooal-tar  dis- 
tillery products 


Cyanides 

Yellow  prussiate  of  potash — 

Pounds 

Value 

All  other 


Bleaching  materials 

Hydrogen  peroxide- 
Pounds , 

Value 

Bisulphites- 
Tons , 

Value 

Another 


Chemical  substances  produced  by  the 
aid  of  electrid  ty 

Calcium  carbide- 
Pounds 

Value 

Caustic  soda — 

Tons 

Value 

Chlorates- 
Pounds 

Value 

Hypociilorites— 

Tons 

Value 

All  other 


1909 


Plastics 

Pyroxylin  plastics. 

All  other- 
Pounds 

Value 


Compressed  or  liquefied  gases. 
Anhydrous  ammonia — 

I'ounds 

Value 

Carbon  dioxide — 

Pounds 

Value 

Laueliinggas — 

Pounds 

Value 

Oxygen— 

Gallons 

Value 

Ail  other- 
Pounds 

Value 


Fine  chemicals 

AUialoids— 

Oimces 

Value 

Gold  salts- 
Ounces 

Value 

Silver  salts- 
Ounces 

Value 

Platinum  salts- 
Ounces 

Value 

Chloroform- 
Pounds 

Value 

Ether- 
Pounds 

Value , 

Acetone — 

Pounds , 

Value 

All  other 


Chemicals  not  elsewhere  specified: 

Glycerin — 

Pounds 

Value 

Epsom  salts — 

Pounds 

Value 

Blue  vitriol- 
Pounds 

Value 


20,154 
$1,766,910 
$2,565,619 

1,866,570 
$88,940 

$2,578,842 

26,884,880 
$273,711 

7,939,702 

$128,623 

$2,176,508 

$2,675,327 
$2,462,330 

$212,997 

$1,941,893 

3,510,208 

$463,983 

$1,477,910 

$1,635,046 

9,403,717 
$850,417 

14,528 
$202,504 
$582,125 


$17,968,277 

121,946,967 
$2,984,001 

19,428 
$1,032,647 

11,568,915 
$904,525 

68,016 
$1,506,831 
$11,540,273 

$7,180,172 
$5,389,819 

10,234,928 
$1,790,353 

$4,969,805 

11,802,076 
$2,503,315 

47,238,267 
$2,317,808 

72,675 
$33,689 

4,777,977 
$98,150 

364,014 
$16,843 

$10,956,666 

3,482,492 
$3,188,691 

42,544 
$430,944 

2,027,719 
$726,222 

1,561 
$19,123 

1,861,435 
$472,759 

1,177,886 
$199,448 

6,927,886 

$719,895 

$5,199,584 


33,986,974 
$4,838,826 

47,785,318 
$357,728 

810,958 
$37,626 


1904 


20,882 
$2,122,808 
$1,681,789 

5,113,706 
$563,489 

$2,126,612 

(0 
(*) 

(*) 
(«) 
(•) 

$844,817 
$340,641 

$504,176 

$1, 179, 104 

5,027,264 
$683,277 
$495,827 

$777,750 

?! 

$777,750 


$5,896,632 


(0 


$5,896,632 

$4,755,761 
$2,857,093 

(•) 
$1,898,668 

$2,787,689 

(«) 
$1, 173, 184 

35,991,627 
$1,343,906 

(*) 

(•) 
$270,539 

$9,145,853 

4,949,525 
$2,925,789 

59,969 
$449,864 

1,743,882 
$683,761 

19,068 
$175,682 

616,670 
$165,604 

660,783 
$334,935 

1,300,395 

$161,320 

$4,248,898 


18,791,997 
$2,345,205 

15,935,837 
$145,801 

50,100 
$2,500 


For  footnotes,  see  page  496. 


496 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  66—   „„„„^ 
Oontd.         PRODUCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Chemicals   not    elsewhere  specified— 
Continued. 
Copperas- 

24,199,526 
$71,081 

35,178,354 
$634,292 

12,992,233 
$1,194,546 

43,204,652 
$1,477,486 
$21,207,939 

$4,530,024 

8,815,059 
$28,061 

12,018,815 
$243,822 

9,573,719 
$904,679 

$13,289,416 
$5,743,070 

14,097,905 

Value  

$58,581 

PhOTphates  of  soda- 

3,478,350 

Value 

$104,554 

Tin  salts- 

4,677,471 

Value  

$470, 159 

Zinc  salts- 

(0 

(•) 

By-products  and  residues  sold  to  other 

$15,786,497 

>  In  addition,  products  to  the  value  of  $9,105,458  were  produced  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation,  including  the  foUowmg: 


Acids: 

Acetic 

Hydrofluoric 

Muriatic 

Oleic 

Stearic 

Othera 

Sodas: 

Sal  soda tons.. 

Other* tons.. 

Potashes 

Alums 

Coal-tar    distillery 

products 

Bleaching  materials: 

Hydrogen  per- 
oxide  

Bisulphite 

Other 


Pounds.      Value 


,959,985 
051,951 
805,743 
959,346 
094,774 


10,822 

75,902 

,293,552 

,450,260 


521,851 
,062,000 


$200,740 

79,722 

587,253 

165,091 

399,386 

49,530 

184,297 

1,835,292 

525,054 

443,513 

1,610,792 


20,124 
23,650 
20,703 


Pyroxylin  plastics. 
Compressed  or  liq- 
uefied gases: 

Anhydrous  am- 
monia<: 

Carbon  dioxide. . , 

Laughing  gas 

Oxygen.... gais.. 

Other 

Chloroform 

Acetone 

Glycerin  d 

Blue  vitriol 

Copperas 

Phosphates  of  soda , 

Zinc  salts 

Other  chemicals 


Pounds.     Value. 


167,710 

454,354 

24,500 

23,826,325 


8,250 
2,007,560 
1,022,920 
37,185,585 
3,031,566 
310,588 
4,312,988 


$282,560 


40,923 

19,262 

4,900 

79,319 

9,072 

4,779 

210,287 

123,472 

,496,645 

53,372 

27,034 

103,503 

505,183 


a  Not  including  acids  reported  by  manufacturers  of  explosives  and  fertilizers. 

t>  Including  sodas  reported  by  manufacturers  of  paints  and  varnishes  and  fertil- 
izers. 

cNot  Including  4,871,014  pounds,  value  $448,455,  reported  by  manufacturers  of 
ooke. 

d  Not  including  52,518,919  pounds,  value  $6,790,264,  reported  by  manufacturers 
of  soap. 

» In  addition,  products  to  the  value  of  $3,063,397  were  produced  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarili?  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation,  including  the  following: 


Poimds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Acids: 
Muriatic 

47,018,080 
1,750,000 
1,217,578 

$431,938 
140,000 
71,668 
146,716 

29,561 

668 

363,765 

532,185 

238,645 

Bleaching  materials: 
Bisulphite.,  tons. 

536 

520,000 

193,628 

1,350,000 

107,160 

81,816 

1,103,222 

$11,937 
53,000 
92,466 
13,500 
5,994 
586 

Stearic 

Hydrofluoric 

Ether 

Other 

Epsom  salts 

Blue  vitriol 

Copperas 

Sodas: 
Sal  soda tons.. 

1,763 

14 

14,200 

33,074,349 

Caustic tons.. 

Tin  salts 

188,301 
742,467 

Other tons.. 

Other  chemicals 

Coal-tar    distillery 
products 

'  See  Table  80  for  sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acids. 

*  Not  reported  separately. 

»  See  chemical  substances  produced  by  the  aid  of  electricity  for  additional 
product. 

•  Not  reported. 

Coke. — ^Table  67,  which  presents  the  statistics  for 
the  manufacture  of  coke,  does  not  include  those  for 
gas-house  coke,  which  are  shown  in  Table  71.  The 
total  production  of  coke,  including  gas-house  coke  sold 
and  that  made  and  consumed  in  gas  manufacture,  was 
41,947,949  tons  in  1909  as  compared  with  27,857,441 
tons  in  1904,  an  increase  of  50.6  per  cent.  The  gas- 
house  coke  included  in  these  figures  formed  6.3  per 
cent  of  the  total  product  in  1909  and  9.9  per  cent  in 
1904. 

The  value  of  all  products  of  the  coke  industry 
proper  was  $98,078,383  in  1909,  $51,728,647  in  1904, 
and  $35,585,445  in  1899,  an  mcrease  for  the  decade 
of  175.6  per  cent.  A  marked  feature  of  the  industry- 
is  the  increasing  use  of  retort  ovens.     Although  the 


retort  coke  product  was  not  reported  separately  in 
1899,  the  by-products  of  this  branch  of  the  industry 
were  given  and  aggregated  $952,027  in  value.  In 
1909  the  value  of  the  retort  by-products  was  $8,112,900, 
The  value  of  the  coke  and  by-products  made  by 
retort  ovens  constituted  29.1  per  cent  of  the  total 
value  of  all  products  pf  the  industry  in  1909.  Of 
the  total  value  of  the  products  made  by  retort  ovens, 
two-fifths  is  contributed  by  the  by-products.  The 
ton  of  2,000  pounds  is  used  in  showing  quantities. 


Table  67 


MATEEIALS. 

Total  cost 

Coal  charged  into  ovens: 

Tons 

Run  of  mine — 

Unwashed 

W  ashed. 

Slack- 
Unwashed 

Washed 

Cost 

All  other  materials 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  value > 

Coke: » 

Tons 

Value 

Made  in  beehive  ovens- 
Tons 

Value 

Made  in  retort  or  by-product  ovens- 
Tons 

Value 

By-products  obtained  from  retort  or  by- 
product ovens — 
Gas  made,  cubic  feet  (thousands)  .. 
Used  in  process  or  wasted,  cubic 

feet  (thousands) 

Sold— 

Cubic  feet  (thousands) 

Value 

Tar- 
Gallons 

Value 

Ammonia,  sulphate  or  reduced  to 
equivalent  in  sulphate — 

Pounds 

Value 

Anhydrous  ammonia — 

Pounds 

Value 

Ammonia  liquor — 

Gallons 

Value 

All  other 

EQTTIPMENT. 

Ovens,  number  In  existence  at  end  of 

year 

Building  at  end  of  year 

Abandoned  during  the  year 


1909 


1  $65,388,124 

159,354,937 

40,594,842 
6,007,760 

6,926,484 
5,825,851 

1  $62, 203, 382 

$3,184,742 

1  $98,078,383 

39,315,065 
$89,965,483 

33,060,421 
$69,530,794 

6,254,644 
$20,434,689 

76,590,763 

60,799,543 

15,791,220 
$2,609,211 

60,126,006 
$1,408,611 


123,111,197 
$3,227,316 

4,871,014 
$448,455 

(») 
(') 
$419,307 


103, 982 

2,950 

201 


19M 


$29,884,532 

36,781,006 

24,872,731 
2,649,251 

4,414,326 
4,844,698 

$28,360,121 

$1,524,411 

2$61,728,647 

24,733,063 
$49,002,051 

22,516,280 
$42,885,773 

2,216.783 
$6,116,278 

18,761,101 

14,878,301 

3,882,800 
$684, 464 

23,074,225 
$551,836 


26,050,713 
$681, 427 

(*) 

4,339,679 
$697,644 
$111,225 


76,099 

2.127 

178 


1899 


$19,665,532 

30,157,829 

20,844,637 
1,457,961 

5,036,675 
2,818,556 

$18,355,252 

$1,310,280 

$35,685,445 

19,640,798 
$34,633,418 

(*) 
(«) 

1,171,943 
$225,022 

10,468,733 
$207,952 


11,984,931 
$330, 921 


1,572,325 

$180,642 

$7,490 


47,142 
(«) 
(♦) 


1  Includes  coal  and  coking  products  produced  by  establishments  engaged  prima- 
rily in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  desig- 
nation, viz:  Coal  used,  unwashed,  566,539  tons,  cost,  $1,363,597;  products  valued  at 
$2,381,761,  comprising  retort  coke,  415,472  tons,  valued  at  $1,464,162;  tar,  4,398,576 
gallons,  valued  at  $87,639;  ammonium  sulphate,  9,952,744  pounds,  valued  at 
$235,605;  gas  sold,  2,160,915  thousand  cubic  feet,  valued  at  $534,075;  and  ot^.er  prod- 
ucts, $60,280. 

'  In  addition,  410,225  tons  of  coke,  valued  at  $1,302,572,  were  produced  by  estab- 
lishments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation. 

»  The  statement  for  coke  made  in  gas  establishments  will  be  found  in  detail  under 
the  classification  "  Gas,  illuminating  and  heating." 

*  Not  reported. 

»  Reported  in  part  as  anhydrous  ammonia  and  in  part  as  ammonium  sulphate  or 
reduced  equivalents. 

Dyestuffs  and  extracts. — The  statistics  for  dyestuffs 
and  extracts  given  in  Table  68  cover  the  products  of 
establishments  manufacturing  the  same  for  sale,  and 
do  not  include  those  made  by  dye  and  print  works  or 
tanneries  and  consumed  by  the  same  in  further  pro- 
cesses of  manufacture. 

The  total  value  of  products  was  $15,954,574  in  1909 
and  $7,350,748  in  1899,  an  increase  of  117  per  cent. 
The  chief  products  were  oak  and  chestnut  extract, 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


497 


which  together  increased  almost  ninefold  in  quantity 
and  even  more  in  value  during  the  decade.  Artificial 
dyestuffs  nearly  doubled  in  quantity  and  in  value,  but 
the  production  of  natural  d^-^es tuffs  (included  under  "  All 
other  products")  has  fallen  off  greatly,  the  value  of 
the  product  being  $1,035,711  in  1899  and  only  $233,935 
in  1904.  It  was  materially  less  in  1909,  but  can  not 
be  shown  separateh'  without  disclosing  individual 
operations.  The  census  report  on  Forest  Products  for 
1909  gives  386,817,895  pounds  as  the  total  consump- 
tion of  tanning  extracts  in  that  year,  which  quantity 
exceeds  the  quantity  of  oak,  chestnut,  hemlock,  and  su- 
mac extracts  here  reported  by  over  83,000,000  pounds. 
This  difference  can  be  taken  as  representing  approxi- 
mately the  amount  of  tanning  extract  imported  or 
made  and  consumed  in  tanning  establishments. 


Table 
68 


Total  Talne 

Artificial  dyestuffs: 

Pounds 

Value 

Extracts: 

Hemlock- 
Pounds 

Value 

Logwood — 

Pounds 

Value 

Oak  and  chestnut- 
Pounds 

Value 

Sumac- 
Pounds 

Value 

Ground  sumac: 

Pounds 

Value 

Ground  bark: 

Pounds 

Value 

Ground  and  chipped  wood: 

Pounds 

Value 

Gums  and  dextrins: 

Pounds 

Value 

Iron  liquors: 

Pounds 

Value 

Mordants: 

Pounds 

Value 

Sizes: 

Pounds 

Value 

Tannic  acid: 

Pounds 

Value 

Turkey-red  oil: 

Pounds 

Value 

other  tanning  liquors: 

Pounds 

Value 


liNW 


All  other  products* 11,573,248        $1,724,298 


>Slfi,»64.<74 


12,267,399 
13,462,436 


12.588,078 
$280,487 

22.317,248 
$991,974 

287,908,285 
$6,061,162 

3,148,790 
$107,456 

554,032 
$24,531 

25,142,076 
$176,510 

15,046.954 
$143,720 

16,148,931 
$610,999 

3,079,418 
$30,282 

1,735,887 
$60,515 

54,054,711 
$1,735,600 

5,085,748 
$249,297 

1,048,719 
$72,053 

9,285,048 
$365,304 


1904 


1  $10,898,118 

4,600,462 
$1,764,454 


18,833,450 
$406,619 

29,799,606 
$1,472,047 

156,520,123 
$2,411,184 

4,093,619 
$95,958 

6,061,333 
$65,190 

38,001,017 
$249, 101 

9,999,906 
$95,237 

6,651,731 
$231,708 

1,860,744 
$30,757 

733.245 
$64,656 

7,812,433 
$217,850 

5.165.500 
$200,136 

3.022,470 
$150,666 

44,418,929 
$1,704,243 


18M 


$7,360,748 


6,581,850 
$1,806,730 


26,011,714 
$563,591 

39,252,743 
$1,485,971 

28,963,036 
$529,670 

4,349,742 
$103,085 

9,284,000 
$114,660 

27,028,000 
$149,365 

12,690,037 
$201,931 


s 


954,240 
$7,525 

734,000 
$85,466 

101,920 
$2,548 

1,326,515 
$149,662 

2,210,000 
$14,757 

16,144,292 
$405,659 

$1,730,128 


>In  addition,  dyestuffs  and  extracts,  to  the  value  of  $834,102,  in  1909  and  $19,111 
in  1904,  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of 
products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

» Includmg  a  small  production  of  natural  dyestuffs  in  1909,  a  production  In  1904 
valued  at  $233,935,  and  a  production  in  1899  valued  at  $1,035,711. 

Note.— The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  in  establishments- 
•where  produced: 


Ground  and  chipped  wood pounds. . 

Groimd  bark pounds. . 

Ground  leaves pounds. . 


936,578,482 

293.062,168 

1,955,040 


1904 


524,505,744 
40,390,640 
3,586,171 


Explosives. — Table  69  presents  the  statistics  for  the 
explosives  industrj^.  The  value  of  all  products  was 
$40,139^661  in  1909  as  compared  with  $17,125,418  in 
1899,  an  increase  of  134.4  per  cent. 

72497°— 13 32  + 


The  production  of  explosives  in  the  industry  proper 
was  469,481,252  pounds  in  1909,  360,980,734  pounds  in 
1904,  and  215,980,720  pounds  in  1899,  an  increase  for 
the  decade  of  117.4  per  cent.  If  the  explosives  made 
by  establishments  operated  by  the  Federal  Government 
and  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  other  products  be  added,  the  total  production 
in  1909  was  471,181,650  pounds.  The  output  of  dyna- 
mite formed  about  three-eighths  of  the  total  output  of 
explosives,  and  its  value  approximately  one-half  of  the 
total  value  of  explosives  reported.  The  most  important 
product  m  respect  to  quantity  of  output  was  blasting 
powder,  including  "permissible  explosives."  Permis- 
sible explosives,  known  in  Pennsylvania  as  safety  ex- 
plosives, were  reported  separately  for  the  first  time  in 
1909.  They  are  specially  designed  for  use  in  dusty  and 
gaseous  coal  mines.  The  ton  of  2,000  pounds  is  used 
in  showing  quantities. 


Table  69 


MATERULS. 


Total  COlt 

Nitrate  of  soda: 

Tons 

Cost 

Acids: 

Mixed- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Nitric- 
Pounds 

Cost 

Sulphuric — 

Tons 

Cost 

Sulphur  or  brimstone: 

Tons 

Cost 


All  other  materials. 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  ralne 

Dynamite: 

Pounds 

Value 

Nitroglycerin,  sold  as  such: 

Pounds 

Value 

Blasting  powder: 

Kegs  (25  pounds) 

Value 

Permissible  explosives: 

Pounds 

Value 

Gunpowder: 

Pounds 

Value 

Other  explosives:* 

Pounds 

Value 


All  other  products $2,155,793 


1909 


$88,811,648 

188,889 
$7,892,336 


51,764,694 
$1,512,626 


7,591,756 
$541,314 


22,501 
$406,204 


17,389 
$367,866 


$12,091,202 


I  $40,139,661 


177,155,851 
$18,699,746 


28,913,253 
$3,162,434 


9,339,087 
$9,608,265 


9,607,448 
$863,209 


12,862,700 
$1,736,427 


7,464,825 
$3,913,787 


19(H 


$17,808,667 


133,034 
$5,608,557 


105,552,404 
$3,093,429 


2,699,500 
$122,047 


18,298 
$247,301 


19.574 
$507,469 


$7,624,864 


2  $29,602,884 


130,920,829 
$12,900,193 


7,935.936 
$1,620,117 


8,217,448 
$7,377,977 


(') 

(») 


10,383,944 
$1,541,483 


6,303.825 
$4,256,193 


$1,906,921 


1899 


$10,334,974 


88,524 
$2,902,866 


66,900,146 
$1,505,754 


467,587 
$17,171 


7  864 
$130,' 699 


12,742 
$317,383 


$5,461,101 


$17,126,418 


85,846,456 
$8,247,223 


3,618,692 
$783,299 


3,907,012 
$3,857,974 


25,638,804 
$1,452,377 


3,201,468 
$2,610,103 


$174,442 


'  In  addition,  1,481,042  pounds,  to  the  value  of  $802,948,  were  made  by  Federal 
establishments,  and  219,356 pounds,  to  the  value  of  $135,979,  by  establishments  en- 
gaged primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  in- 
dustry designation. 

2  in  addition,  1,104,532  pounds,  to  the  value  of  $(390,032,  were  made  by  Federal 
establishments  and  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of 
products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

<  Includes  smokeless  powder  and  guncotton  or  pyroxylin,  to  avoid  disclosing 
operations  of  individual  establishments. 

Note.— The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  in  the  establishments 
where  produced: 


Saltpeter pounds. . 

Nitroglycerin pounds. . 

Sulphuric  acid tons. . 

Nitric  acid tons. . 

Charcoal bushels. . 

Cellulose  nitrates i)ounds. . 

Nitrate  of  ammonia pounds. . 


1909 


12,050,225 

70,289,667 

42,555 

31,484 

737,884 

5,000,226 

10,904,319 


1904 


3.559,376 

44,077,828 

30,994 

18,988 

1,150,918 


6,299,317 


498 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Fertilizers. — The  following  table  giving  statistics 
for  the  fertilizerindustry  does  not  include  the  product  of 
estabUshments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  products  other  than  fertilizers,  cliief  of  which  are 
slaughtering  and  meat-packing  establishments  and 
cottonseed-oil  mills.  The  value  of  all  products  of  the 
industry  proper,  which  includes  some  that  are  not  fer- 
tihzers,  was  $103,960,213  in  1909,  as  compared  mth 
$44,657,385  in  1899,  an  increase  of  132.8  per  cent. 
Including  the  fertilizer  by-products  of  other  indus- 


tries, the  total  production  of  fertilizers  in  1909  was 
5,618,234  tons,  valued  at  $100,089,971.  During  the 
period  1899-1909  the  tonnage  of  the  fertihzer  prod- 
ucts of  the  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  fertilizers  increased  87.5  per  cent. 
Some  of  the  materials,  such  as  sulphuric  acid,  are  the 
products  of  establishments  engaged  in  this  industry, 
and  therefore  are  duplicated  in  the  total  value  of 
products.  The  ton  of  2,000  'pounds  is  used  in  showmg 
quantities. 


Table  70 


IIATEBIALS. 


Total  cost 

Ammonia  tes: 

Tons 

Cost 

Ammonium  solpbate: 

Tons 

Cost 

Kainlt: 

Tons 

Coat 

Nitrate  of  sods: 

Tons 

Cost 

Phosphate  rock: 

Tons 

Cost 

Potash  salts: 

Tons 

Cost 

Pyrites: 

Tons 

Cost 

Sulphuric  acid: 

Tons 

Cost 

Sulphur  or  brimstone: 

Tons 

Cost 

Superphosphates: 

Tons 

Cost 

Fish 


1909 


$69,521,920 

$16, 
S3, 
Vi, 


778,639 
,065,978 


63,381 
,640,592 


322, 720 
,783,658 


85,714 
,730,070 

,529,124 
,621,094 

257,766 
327,549 

456,574 
831,994 

603,672 
312,687 

4,236 
168,924 

415,656 
,946,440 
,031,437 


1904 


$39,287,914 


> $9, 915, 648 

10,540 
$600,856 

190,493 
$1,891,073 

42,213 
$1, 760, 432 

888,571 
$4,244,554 

122, 107 
$3,606,701 

342,962 
$2,020,759 

197,865 
$1,084,304 

4,210 
$92,234 

320,559 

$2,912,010 

$847, 142 


All  other  materials $14,161,497      $10,312,201 


1899 


$28,958,473 


i$9,934,145 

4,120 
$186,609 

54,700 
$520,833 

19,518 
$709,841 

787,927 
$3,554,174 

(') 
$3,098,400 

288,778 
$1,466,285 

231,527 
$1,355,382 

12,728 
$268, 670 


$2, 176, 245 
$183,542 


$5,504,347 


PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Fertilizers: 

Tons 

Value 

Superphosphates  from    minerals 
bones,  etc.— 

Tons 

Value 

Ammonia  ted— 

Tons 

Value 

Concentrated  phosphate — 

Tons 

Value 

Complete — 

Tons 

Value 

Other- 
Tons 

Value 

Sulphuric  acid  (reduced  to  60*  Baum4): 

Tons 

Value 

other  acids — 

Tons 

Value 

All  other  products 


1909 


1904 


^$103,960,213 


5,240,164 
$92,369,631 


1,201,354 
$13,318,529 

472, 757 
$10,061,193 

•313,888 
$3,638,210 

2, 717, 797 
$57,243,899 

534,368 
$8,107,800 

153,057 
$923, 492 

30,651 
$611,288 

$10,055,802 


'$56,541,253 

3, 267, 777 
$50,460,694 


766,338 
$7,515,257 

775,987 
$12,901,057 

(?) 

1,329,149 
$25,673,511 

394,703 
$4,370,869 

24,502 
$194,578 

45,689 
$241,500 

$5,644,475 


1899 


$44,657,385 

2, 794, 705 
$40,545,661 


923, 198 
$8,471,943 

142,898 
$2,449,388 

(^) 
(») 

1,436,682 
$25, 446, 046 

291,927 
$4, 178, 284 

71, 176 
$437,925 

(») 
$17,872 

$3,655,927 


'  Includes  for  1904,  125,888  tons  of  ammonlates  classified  as  such,  valued  at 
$2,445,061;  cottonseed  meal,  valued  at  $2,376,448;  and  bones,  tankage,  and  oflal, 
valued  at  $5,094,149;  and  for  1899,  cottonseed  meal,  valued  at  $167,410;  and  bones, 
tankage,  and  oflal,  valued  at  $9,766,735. 

>  Not  reported. 

» In  addition,  in  1909,  231,287  tons  of  complete  fertilizer,  valued  at  $4,806,832; 
49,632  tons  of  ammoniated  fertilizer,  valued  at  $943,197;  22,615  tons  of  superphos- 
phates, valued  at  $426,302;  63,581  tons  of  "other"  fertilizer,  valued  at  $1,365,931; 
10,955  tons  of  concentrated  phosphate,  valued  at  $178,078;  and  other  products  to  the 
value  of  $190,928;  and  in  1904,  fertilizers,  to  the  value  of  $2,069,714,  were  made  by 
establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

Gas,illnminating  and  heating. — The  statistics  for  the 
gas  industry  presented  in  Table  71  include  only 
those  establishments  which  made  gas  as  their  main 
product.  The  total  production  of  gas  made  for 
sale  by  such  establishments  and  by  retort  coke  ovens 
combined — but  not  including  the  by-products  of 
establishments  outside  these  two  industries — was  in 
1909,  166,627,013  thousand  cubic  feet,  valued  at 
$141,224,520;  in  1904,  116,432,779  thousand  cubic 
feet,  valued  at  $113,347,032;  and  in  1899,  68,265,496 
thousand  cubic  feet,  valued  at  $69,657,604.  The  in- 
crease in  quantity  for  the  period  1899-1909  was  thus 
144.1  per  cent,  and  that  in  value  102.7  per  cent.  In 
addition  to  the  product  above  reported  for  1909, 
1,730,563  thousand  cubic  feet  were  made  and  con- 


NoTE.— The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  in  establishments 
where  produced: 


Acid  phosphate tons. . 

Sulphuric  acid tons. . 


1909 


1,838,865 
841,935 


1904 


884,211 
692,904 


sumed  in  gas  plants  and  60,799,543  thousand  cubic 
feet  were  made  and  consumed  or  wasted  by  retort 
coking  estJibhshments.  There  is  also  a  large  con- 
sumption of  producer  gas  and  blast-furnace  gas  by 
establishments  in  other  industries  which  produced  the 
gas  themselves. 

The  value  of  products  of  the  illuminating-gas  indus- 
try proper  aggregated  $166,814,371  in  1909  as  com- 
pared with  $75,716,693  in  1899,  an  increase  of  120.3 
per  cent.  Only  about  four-fifths  of  this  value  repre- 
sents that  of  the  gas  itself.  The  industry  shows  a 
progressive  decrease  from  census  to  census  in  unit 
values  for  aU  kinds  of  gas  with  the  exception  of  acetylene 
gas.  The  ton  of  2,000  'pounds  is  used  for  showing 
quantities. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


499 


Table  71 


Total  coft. 
Coal: 

Tods 

Cost 

Oil: 

Gallons 

Cost 

Coke: 

Tons 

Cost 


All  other  materials  , 


PE0DUCT8. 

Total  value 

Oas:> 

Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

Straight  coal- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

Straight  water- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

Carburettcd  water- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

Mixed  coal  and  water- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

OU— 

Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

Acetylene- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 
Value 

All  other- 
Cubic  feet  (thousands). 

Value 

Cok«: 

Bushels 

Value 

Tar: 

Gallons 

Value 


1909 


1904 


All  other  products 

Receipts  from  rents  and  sales  of  lamps 
and  appliances 


152,427,844 


4,940.598 
J16,304,832 


579,657,152 
$17,346,750 


501,919 
$2,667,706 


$16,109,556 


I  $166,814,871 

150,835,793 
$138,615,309 

19,985,253 
$18,065,841 

1,726,082 
$1,289,031 

79,418,486 
$69,513,749 

40,775,283 
$36,953,543 

8,688,880 
$12,111,458 

25,186 
$361,348 

216,643 
$330,339 

82,049,683 
$5,723,215 

» 78, 339, 880 
$1,875,549 

•$13,556,908 

$7,043,390 


>  $37,180,066 


4.431,774 
$14,607,485 


410.989,564 
$15,015,602 


435,534 
$1,602,762 


$5,954,217 


$125,144,945 

112,549,979 
$112,662,568 

12,693,034 
$12,868,604 

715,550 
$832,440 

54,687,418 
$4S,t)71, 180 

40,980,414 
$45,605,263 

3,441,352 
$5,141,460 

7,881 
$104,267 

24,330 
$39,354 

89,146,434 
$5,195,461 

67,515,421 
$2,064,343 

$972,992 

$4,249,581 


1899 


$20,605,366 

2,487,287 
$7,164,472 

194,857,296 
$8,168,657 

217,354 
$726, 736 

$4,545,491 


$75,716,693 


67,093,553 
$69,432,582 


8 
8 


a 
8 


$4,283,204 


$2,000,907 


>  Does  not  include  $4,013,885  paid  for  lamps  and  appliances. 

*  In  addition,  products  of  g^  manufacture  to  the  value  of  $261,802  were  pro- 
duced by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other 
than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation.  The  items  covered  by  these 
products  were  27,558  (tliousands)  cubic  feet  of  coalgas,  valued  at  $29,419;  13,070 
(thousands)  cubic  feet  of  acetylene  gas,  valued  at  $224,618;  44,347  bushels  of  coke, 
valued  at  $3,399;  38,370  gallons  of  tar,  valued  at  $1,372;  and  receipts  from  sale  of 
lamps  and  appliances  to  the  amount  of  $2,994. 

>  Statistics  of  the  gas  made  in  coke  establishments  are  shown  in  detail  under  the 
classilication  "Coke. 

*  Not  reported  separately. 

'  In  addition,  there  were  13,813,058  gallons  for  which  no  value  was  reported. 

*  Includes  49,720,220 gallons  of  ammonia  liquor,  valued  at  $725,702,  una  1 ,154,319 
pounds  of  hydrocarbons,  valued  at  $44,509. 

Note.-  The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  in  establishments 
where  produced: 


1909 


Coke bushels . . 

Tar -. gallons. . 

Gas,  cubic  feet thousands.. 

Benzene  or  benzol 


49,550,153 

31,590,178 

1,730,563 

302,994 


1904 


46,561,185 

14,772,878 

1,363,757 


Glucose  and  starch. — Statistics  are  presented  in 
Table  72  for  the  glucose  and  starch  industry  for  the 
years  1909  and  1904. 

Com  is  the  principal  material  used.  The  value  of 
all  products  of  the  industry  was  $48,799,311  in  1909 
and  $32,649,836  in  1904,  the  increase  for  the  five-year 
period  being  49.5  per  cent.  The  starch  product 
(gross,  including  duplication),  increased  in  quantity 
89.9  per  cent  and  in  value  60.3  per  cent,  the  entire 
gain  being  in  cornstarch.  The  percentages  of  increase 
in  the  value  of  glucose,  grape  sugar,  and  com  oil  are 
large,  notably  that  for  corn  oil.  In  1899  the  produc- 
tion of  starch  (in  part  estimated)  was  543,040,000 
pounds,  greatly  exceeding  the  figures  for  1904.  The 
decrease  in  production  from  1899  to  1904  was  due  in 


large  measure  to  the  decrease  in  the  export  trade  of 
this  commodity. 

Some  establishments  included  in  the  industry  are 
engaged  primarily  in  reprocessing  starch,  resulting  in 
a  duphcation  of  products.  In  1909  105,299,010 
pounds  of  cornstarch  were  used  as  material  by  such 
factories,  104,597,648  pounds  of  cornstarch  being 
obtained  as  products.  The  deduction  of  this  duphca- 
tion from  the  total  gives  the  quantity  of  marketable 
cornstarch  produced  in  1909  as  534,227,718  pounds. 


Table  72 


MATERIALS. 


Total  cost. 
Com: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wheat  and  roots: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Potatoes: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cornstarch: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Wheat  flour: 

Pounds 

Cost 


All  other  materials. 


Total  Talue 

Starch: 

Pounds 

Value 

Com- 
pounds  

Value 

Wheat  and  root — 

Pounds 

Value 

Potato— 

Pounds 

Value 

Glucose,  including  all  sirups: 

Pounds 

Value 

Grape  sugar: 

Pounds 

Value 

Cora  oil: 

Gallons 

Value 


Stock  food 

All  other  products  . 


1909 


$36,898,771 

2,240,508,915 
$26,674,779 

1,940,000 
$21,435 

210,608,127 
$541,339 

105,299,010 
$1,763,173 

19,545,824 
$482,263 

$7,415,762 


$48,799,311 

677,535,647 
$17,514,823 

638, 825,  .366 
$15,962,916 

12,127,686 
$626,337 

26,582,595 
$925,570 

769,660,210 
$17,922,514 

169,060,478 
$3,620,816 

8,164,175 
$2,802,768 

$6,013,968 
$924,422 


1904 


$25,518,876 

(') 
$19,074,738 


s 


209,372,549 
$563,651 


$5,880,497 

<  $32,649,88« 

356,695,335 
$10,927,538 

311,140,814 
$8,878,450 

17,845,121 
$1,124,612 

27,709,400 
$924,476 

(') 
$12,352,616 

(') 
$2,264,746 

(') 
$1,164,466 

$4, 446, 479 
$1,503,992 


'  Not  reported. 

*  Not  reported  separately. 

» In  addition,  1 ,3'  9,691  pounds  of  cornstarch,  valued  at  $48,059,  were  made  by 
establlsfamnnts  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

Cottonseed,  oil  and  cake. — The  following  table  pre- 
sents the  statistics  for  cottonseed  products : 


Table  73 


Cotton  seed  cmshed tons.. 

PRODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Primary       products       manufactured, 
whether  for  sale  or  for  further  use: 

Oil gallons. . 

Meal  and  cake tons.. 

Hulls tons. . 

Linters pounds. . 


1909  > 


8.798,949 


$147,867,894 


157,115,689 
1,661,734 
1,258,612 

174,620,099 


1904  > 


8,308,930 


$96,407,621 


132,051,801 
1,343,977 
1,201,079 

116,707,298 


1899 


2,479,386 


$68,726,632 


93,325,729 

884,391 

1,169,286 

57,272.053 


1  In  addition,  products  to  the  value  of  $2,017,"05  were  produced  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation;  th«se  establishments  crushed  28,752  tons  of  seed  and 

groduced  1,212,852  gallons  of  crude  oil,  12,811  tons  of  meal  and  cake,  8,926  tons  of 
ulls,  and  1,152,978  pounds  of  liuters. 

*  In  addition,  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products 
other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation  crushed  36,440  tons  of  seed 
and  produced  1,705,971  gallons  of  crude  oil,  16,195  tons  of  meal  and  cake,  12,265 
tons  of  hulls,  and  1,085,671  pounds  of  linters. 

The  amount  of  seed  crushed  in  mills  engaged  primarily 
in  the  industry  increased  from  2,479,386  tons  in  1899  to 
3,798,549  tons  in  1909,  or  53.2  per  cent,  while  the  value 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


600 

of  all  products,  including  fertilizer,  ice,  feed,  etc.,  where 
carried  on  in  connection  with  the  manufacture  of 
cottonseed  products,  increased  from  $58,726,632  to 
$147,867,894,  or  151.8  per  cent.  A  marked  feature  of 
the  industry  is  the  progressive  increase  in  quantity  of 
oil,  meal,  and  linters,  and  decrease  in  quantity  of 
hulls  per  ton  of  seed  crushed .  The  ton  of  2,000  founds 
is  used  for  showing  quantities. 

Oil,  essential. — The  products  of  the  essential-oil  in- 
dustiy,  given  in  the  following  table,  increased  in  value 
from  $813,495  m  1899  to  $1,737,234  m  1909,  or  113.6 
per  cent.  The  output  of  natural  oils  increased  in  value 
68.2  per  cent,  and  of  witch-hazel  over  sevenfold. 


*  4  *                 PRODUCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1  «,737,234 

$1,108,603 

305,781 
$519,079 

07,053 
$102,045 

33,400 
$83,283 

22,281 
$68,983 

$335,213 

679. 190 
$412,322 

$216,309 

1  $1,464,662 

$1,023,937 

130,022 
$470,037 

(') 
(') 

4,737 
$15,579 

327,908 
$538,321 

797,700 
$367,873 

$72,&52 

$813,495 

$700, 709 

Peppermint- 

202,550 

Value    

$188,559 

Black  birch- 

(») 

(») 

Spearmint— 

Pounds 

^*} 

Value        

(») 

Wintergreen— 

Pounds 

2,166 

$3,638 

Other- 
Pounds 

638,024 

$508,512 

Witch-hazel: 

110,260 

$54,649 

$58, 137 

1  In  addition,  essential  oils  to  the  value  of  $117,489  in  1909  and  $14,500  in  1904 
were  produced  by  establishments  engaged  priniarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products 
other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

« Not  reported  separately. 

»  The  products  classified  under  this  head  include  49,327  jwunds,  valued  at 
$44,494;  quantities  not  reported  for  the  remainder. 

Paint  and  varnish. — The  inquiry  at  the  present  cen- 
sus in  regard  to  specific  materials  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  paints  and  varnishes  was  confined  to  pig 
lead  and  alcohol,  the  comparative  statistics  for  which, 
including  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by 
the  industry  designation,  are  as  follows : 


Table 

75                    MATERIAL. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Pig  lead: 

Tons  (2/)00  pounds) 

145,917 
$12,014,859 

1,683,382 
$920, 080 

1,327,157 
$693,362 

356,225 

129,629 
$11,214,961 

1,416,746 
$928,946 

1,357,682 
$790,243 

59,064 
$138,703 

99,052 

Cost 

$8. 585. 688 

Alcohol: 

Gallons 

388,368 

Cost 

$461,417 
310  059 

Wood- 

Cost 

$285  510 

Grain- 
Gallons  

78,309 
$175,907 

Cost 

$226, 724 

The  statistics  for  paint  and  varnish  products  are 
given  in  the  following  table,  which  does  not  include  the 
pigments  ground  in  establishments  classified  as  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  kaolin  and  ground  earths, 
the  blacks  made  by  establishments  classified  as 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  bone,  carbon,  and 
lamp  black,  nor  lead  or  zinc  oxide  made  by  lead  and 
zinc  smelters.  During  the  period  1899  to  1909  the 
value  of  all  products  increased  from  $69,562,235  to 
$124,889,422,  or  79.5  per  cent.     Paints  in  oil  constitute 


the  most  important  group.  The  output  of  pigments, 
including  white  lead  in  oil,  increased  141.9  per  cent, 
and  that  of  varnishes  and  japans  69  per  cent  in  value. 


Table 
76 


Total  value. 


Pigments 

White  lead,  dry- 
Pounds  

Value 

Oxides  of  lead- 
Pounds 

Value 

Lanipblack  and  other  blacks — 

Pounds 

Value 

Iron  oxides  and  other  earth  colors- 
Pounds 

Value 

Other  dry  colors — 

Pounds 

Value 

Barytes— 

Pounds 

Value 

Pulp  colors,  sold  moist — 

Pounds 

Value 


Paints  in  oil 

White  lead  in  oil- 
Pounds 

Value 

Paste — 

Pounds 

Value 

Already  mixed  for  use — 

Gallons 

Value 


Varnishes  and  japans 

Oleoresinous  varnishes- 
Gallons  

Value 

Damar  and  similar  turpentine  and 
benzine  varnishes — 

Gallons 

Value 

Spirit  varnishes  not  turpentine — 

Gallons 

Value 

Pyroxylin  varnishes — 

Gallons 

Value 

Dryers,  japans  and  lacquers- 
Gallons  

Value 

All  other 


Fillers 

Liquid- 
Gallons  

Value 

Paste — 

Pounds 

Value 

Dry- 
Pounds 

Value 

Putty- 
Pounds 

Value 

Water  paints  and  kalsomine: 

Dry  or  in  paste — 

Pounds 

Value 

Already  mixed  for  use — 

Gallons 

Value 

Linseed  oil: 

Gallons 

Value 

Bleached  shellac: 

Pounds 

Value 


1909 


All  other  products. 


'$124,889,422 

$16,985,588 

85, 234, 414 
$3,921,803 

63,404,846 
$3,662,062 

1,810,445 
$105,063 

111,674,675 
$876, 331 

162,409,565 
$6,874,333 

49.496,025 
$268, 757 

28, 435, 722 
$1,277,239 

$56, 763, 296 

246,567,570 
$15,234,411 

162,356,330 
$11,279,459 

33,272,033 
$30, 249, 426 

$31,262,535 

18,476,523 
$17,350,113 


3,48L231 
$2,836,341 

1,181,746 
$1, 408, 048 

1,880,141 
$2,351,425 

9.474,939 
$5,094,973 
$2, 221, 635 

$3, 126, 271 

1,159,569 
$823,063 

14.050,329 
$887,948 

50,983.472 
$295,728 

63,502,048 
$1,119,532 


47,465.265 
$1,917,038 


522,283 
$61,969 


3,477,004 
$1,912,594 


3.014.195 
$578,650 


$12,281,481 


1904 


$90,839,609 

$11,965,806 

62,395,868 
$2,877,109 

49, 734, 330 
$2,591,772 

757. 244 
$49,809 

48.345,978 
$331, 416 

98,194,081 
$5,066,083 

22.299.980 
$134, 174 

25,351,515 
$915, 383 

$40,390,059 

216, 496, 450 
$11,228,889 

131, 940, 464 
$8, 713, 183 

22,379,020 
$20,447,987 

$22,871,486 


17, 162, 719 
$15,702,997 


1,553,562 
$2, 180, 713 

148,320 
$162, 163 

(*) 
$3,346,355 
$1,479,258 

$2,344,636 

1,051,148 
$785,617 


68, 761, 174 
$1,559,019 


27,932,447 
$924, 807 

123,400 
$9,230 


$12,333,585 


1899 


$69,562,236 

» $13, 319, 487 


»  116,102,316 
$4,211,181 


50,759,623 
$2,550,340 


1,065,000 
$60,250 


33,453,896 
$318, 242 


167,479,090 
$5,317,943 


20,060,935 
$861,531 


(») 

306,410,398 
$17,601,459 

16,879,595 
$14, 864, 126 

$18,502,219 


14,282,851 
$14,333,554 


549,811 
$905,229 

160,127 
$178,826 

0) 
$3,084,610 
(•) 

(•) 


s? 


s 


5*> 

8 

$5,274,944 


1  In  addition,  paints  and  varnishes,  to  the  value  of  $2,583,3971n  1909  and  $1,221,338 
In  1904,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  In  the  manufacture  of 
products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

» Includes  white  lead  in  oil.       '  Not  reportedseparately.       *  Not  reported. 
Note.— The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  in  establishments 
where  produced: 


White  lead,  dry pounds.. 

Lead  oxides pounds. . 

Varnishes gallons. . 

Drying  japans  and  dryers gallons. . 

Collodion  and  other  cellulose  nitrate  solu- 
tions   gallons. . 

Pyroxylin  and  other  cellulose  nitrates pounds. . 

Copperas pounds. . 


1909 


162,702.089 
4. 526. 425 
4.407,312 
3,090,756 

20,600 

24,750 

11,531,006 


1904 


122, 288, 484 

13,589,147 

1,202,674 

988,979 

1,576,442 
12,000 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


501 


Petrolenm  refining. — The  products  of  the  petroleum- 
refining  industry,  statistics  for  which  are  presented  in 
the  following  table,  aggregated  $236,997,659  in  value 
m  1909  i?.s  compared  with  $123,929,384  in  1899,  the 
increase  during  the  decade  being  91.2  per  cent.  This 
conforms  closely  to  the  increase  in  the  cost  of  crude 
petroleum  used,  which  was  89.4  per  cent.  The  crude 
petroleum  used  increased  in  quantity  from  52,011,005 
barrels  of  42  gallons  in  1899  to  120,775,439  barrels  in 
1909,  or  132.2  per  cent,  and  the  refined-oil  products 
aggregated  40,290,985  barrels  of  50  gallons  in  1899, 
46,454,062  barrels  in  1904,  and  89,082,810  barrels  in 
1909,  an  increase  for  the  decade  of  136.2  per  cent. 


Table  77 


Crude  petrolenm  used: 
Barrels  (42  gallons). 
Cost 


Total  value . 


Oils: 

Illuminating- 
Barrels  (50  gallons) 

Value 

Fuel  (including  gas  oils) — 

Barrels 

Value 

Lubricating— 

Barrels 

Value 

Naphtha  and  gasoline  (including  gas 
naphtha)— 

Barrels 

Value 

ParaflBn  wax- 
Barrels 

Value... , 

OH  asphaltum— 

Tons  (2,(XX)  pounds) 

Value 

Residuum  or  tar — 

Barrels 

Value , 

Greases  (lubricating,  etc.)— 

Barrels 

Value 

Coke  and  black  naphtha- 
Value  

Sludge  acid- 
Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Value , 


All  other  products. 


EQUU'MENT. 


2,305 

451 
424,564 

16 
6,200 

1,928 

1,656,534 

529 

79 

357 

678 
242,590,505 

Storage  tanks  for  refined  petroleum: 

Number 6, 476 

Capacity,  gallons 1, 041, 627, 444 

Cooper  shops,  number 53 

Tin  shops,  number I  14 


Stills,  number 

Ueated  by  steam- 
Number  

Capacity  (barrels  42  gallons) . 
Heated  by  superheated  steam — 

Number 

Capacity  (barrels  42  gallons) . 
Heated  by  fire — 

Number 

Capacity  (barrels  42  gallons) 

Agitators,  number 

Chilling  houses  for  paraffin,  number.. 
Hydraulic  or  other  presses,  number.. 
Storage  tanks  for  crude  petroleum: 

Number 

Capacity,  gallons 


1M9 


19M 


1899 


120,775,439 
$162,807,040 


66,982,862 
9107,487,091 


1236,997,669 


33,495,798 
•94,547,010 

34,034,577 
S36,462,883 

10,745,885 
$38,884,236 


10,806,550 
$39,771,989 

946,830 
•9,388,812 

233,328 
$2,724,752 

1,787,008 
$2,215,623 

138,302 
$1,567,647 

$507,695 

133,215 
$402,295 

$10,524,747 


$176,006,320 


27,135,094 
$91,366,434 

7,209,428 
$9,205,391 

6,298,251 
$23,553,091 


5,811,289 
$21,314,837 

794,068 
$10,007,274 


s 


3,187,921 
$3,138,361 

202,439 
$1,394,130 

$149,653 

165,104 
$400,480 

$14,475,669 


1,907 
282 


(•) 


(•) 


15 


1,610 


(•) 

374 
67 
311 

304 
245,760,493 

3,576 

576,458,825 

64 

17 


62,011,005 
$80,424,207 


$129,929,384 


25,171,289 
$74,094,297 

6,095,224 
$7,550,664 

3,408,918 
$10,897,214 


5,615,554 
$15,991,742 

774,924 
$7,791,149 

(•) 
(•) 

596,615 
$688,455 

672,140 
$2,454,617 

$176,281 


$3,684,965 


(») 


1,774 
290 


m 


(•) 


(») 


1,458 

327 

48 

510 

257 


(•) 


2,860 

48 
13 


1  In  1909,  48,680  tons  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  in  1904,  49,379  tons,  were  made  and 
consumed  in  establishments  where  produced. 
»  Not  reported  separately. 
•  Not  reported. 

The  largest  gain  was  that  in  the  output  of  fuel  oils, 
which  increased  from  7,209,428  barrels  in  1904  to 
34,034,577  barrels  in  1909,  as  the  result  of  the  increase 
in  the  refining  of  low-grade  crude  oils.     The  output 


of  lubricating  oils  and  naphtha  also  increased  very 
rapidly.  The  decrease  in  the  value  of  "all  other  prod- 
ucts" in  1909  as  compared  with  1904  is  due  in  part 
to  the  fact  that  the  products  of  the  box,  cooperage, 
tinware,  and  paint  shops  operated  by  the  refineries  were 
included  in  1904,  but  when  possible  separate  reports 
were  obtained  for  these  departments  m  1909  and  the 
statistics  for  them  were  included  with  those  for  other 
industries  at  this  census. 

Salt. — The  statistics  for  the  salt  industry  are  given 
in  the  following  table.^  The  value  of  all  products 
increased  from  $7,966,897  m  1899  to  $11,327,834  in 
1909,  or  42.2  per  cent.  The  production  of  salt  in- 
creased from  15,187,819  barrels  in  1899  to  29,933,060 
barrels  in  1909,  or  97.1  per  cent,  while  the  value  of 
the  product  increased  from  $5,869,362  to  $8,311,729, 
or  41.6  per  cent,  the  average  value  per  barrel  decreas- 
ing from  39  cents  in  1899  to  28  cents  in  1909  on  account 
of  the  greatly  increased  proportion  of  the  lower  grades 
of  salt  manufactured.  The  barrel  of  £80  pounds  is  used 
in  showing  quantities. 


Table 

78 


Total  Talue . 
Salt: 

Barrels 

Value 

Bromine: 

Bounds 

Value 


All  other  products 

Salt,  cUutiflfd  by  grade  (barrelt). 


Table  and  dairy 

Commoaftie , 

Common  coarse 

Packers 

Coarse  solar 

Rock  salt,  mined 

Milling,  other  grades,  and  brine. 


Process  employed. 

Total  number  of  establishments. 
Number  reporting: 

.Solar 

Kettle 

Grainer 

Open  pan 

Vacuiun  pan 


1909 


$11,327,884 

29,933,060 
$8,311,729 

«  728.875 
$92,735 

$2,923,370 


3,042,824 
7, 745, 204 
2,843.393 
385,802 
1,109,396 
5,938,721 
8,867,720 


124 

46 
1 
60 
11 
21 


1904 


1  $9,437,662 

17,128,572 
$6,955,734 

261,665 
$72,584 

$2,409,344 


3,119,091 
6,254,293 
1,878,666 

498,943 
1,677,182 
3,416,835 

283,562 


146 

63 
7 
70 
12 
20 


1899 


$7,966,897 


15,187,819 
$5,869,362 


279.437 
$64,921 


$2,032,614 


1,866,058 

6,866.126 

2,635,282 

182,930 

910,974 

2,543,679 

182,770 


159 


1  In  addition,  25,043 barrels  of  salt,  to  the  value  of  $8,415,  were  produced  by  e.stab- 
lishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  oroducts  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

>  Includes  {Mtassium  bromide. 

» Not  reported. 

Soap. — The  statistics  for  the  soap  industry  given 
in  Table  79  for  1909  and  1904  mclude  those  for  the 
soap  factories  opfsrated  by  the  owners  of  slaughter- 
ing and  meat-packing  establishments  as  well  as  for 
establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  soap.  In  1899  the  manufacture  of  soap  anad  of 
candles  was  reported  as  one  industry,  the  value  of 
products  being  $53,231,017.  In  1904  the  value  of  the 
combined  products  of  these  industries  was  $72,164,062 
and  m  1909,  $114,488,298. 

The  cost  of  the  materials  used  in  the  soap  industry 
was  $72,179,418  in  1909  and  $43,625,608  in  1904,  the 

'  The  statistics  differ  from  those  published  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  which  include  Hawaii  and  Porto  Rico. 


502 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


increase  for  the  five-year  period  being  65.5  per  cent. 
The  value  of  all  products  was  $111,357,777  in  1909 
and  $68,274,700  in  1904,  the  increase  for  the  five-year 
period  being  63.1  per  cent.  With  the  addition  of  the 
by-products  from  establishments  in  other  industries 
the  total  value  of  soap  products  was  $115,455,172  in 
1909.  The  chief  soap  product  was  hard  soap,  which, 
including  that  made  in  establishments  engaged  pri- 
marily in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  soap, 
aggregated  883,583  net  tons  in  1909.  Glycerm  is  an 
important  product  of  the  soap  industry.  Reference 
should  be  made  to  Table  66  for  the  glycerin  product  of 
chemical  establishments. 


Table  79 


MATERIALS. 

Total  coit 

Tallow,  grease,  and  other  fats: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Cocoanut  and  palm-kernel  oil: 

Gallons 

Cost 

Cottonseed  oil: 

Gallons 

Cost 

Rosin: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Foots: 

Pounds 

Cost 

Caustic  soda: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Cost 

Soda  ash: 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) 

Cost 


1909 


$73,179,418 


413 
$23; 


,969,787 
,341,905 


All  other  materials . 


Total  value... 
Hard  soap: 

Pounds 

Value 

Soft  soap: 

Pounds 

Value 

Glycerin: 

Pounds 

Value 

Special  soap  articles. 

All  other  products. . . 


207, 
S4, 


856,837 
876,294 


221,712 
718,988 


296,447 
362,412 


050,892 
453,609 


19M 


$2, 


52,172 
212,232 


$2, 


121,016 
281,787 


$21,933,191 


1  $111,357,777 

1,736,740,466 
$88,550,830 

44,052,615 
$943,676 

'39,689,300 

$5,713,558 

$731,823 

$15,417,890 


$43,625,608 

475,618,277 
$19,723,311 

6,833,132 
$2,692,034 

13,276,006 
$3,882,987 

168,107,246 
$2,734,848 

59,761,740 
$1,222,982 

71,551 
$2,843,988 

53,777 
$1,011,694 

$9,513,764 


1  $68,274,700 

1,355,358,649 
$56,878,486 

33,613,416 
$667,064 

27,660,661 

$2,958,115 

$554,881 

$7,216,154 


'  In  addition,  the  following  products  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  pri- 
marily m  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry 
designation:  ■' 


1909 

1904 

Soap: 

Hard- 
Pounds 

30,424,855 
$1,279,004 

15,984,055 
$325,511 

3  7,206,721 
$1,076,706 

$1,416,174 

31,251,795 
$1,148,920 

10,286.839 
$94,017 

565,000 
$45,200 

$148,981 

Value 

Soft—                                                

Pounds 

Value 

Gljrcerin: 

Pounds 

Value 

All  other  products 

1 1°  addition,  5,597,519  pounds  were  reported  with  no  value. 
» In  addition,  25,319  pounds  were  reported  with  no  value, 

Note.— The  following  products  were  made  and  consumed  In  establishments 
wnere  produced: 


J^^o" gallons.. 

Tallow pounds 

Cottonseed  oil "gallons" 

Caustic  lye,  30"  Baum6 laUons' ' 

Sodium  silicate .■.■.■.■.■.'.".■  pounds.' ' 

giycerm pounds. 

Framed  soap pounds.. 


1909 


3,176,795 
17,709,219 

2,422,843 
15,931,639 
37,466,246 

5,816,279 
627,370,128 


1901 


1,149,346 
10,613,271 
920,410 
9,568,622 
1,597,886 
3,433,359 
114,452,424 


Sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acids. — Comparative 
statistics  for  the  products  of  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  sulphuric,  nitric,  and 
mixed  acids  are  given  in  the  following  table.  The 
total  value  of  products  was  $9,884,057  in  1909,  as 
compared,  with  $8,596,390  in  1899,  an  increase  of  15 
per  cent.  This  increase  was  chiefly  in  sulphuric  acid, 
the  output  of  which  increased  in  quantity  (on  the  basis 
of  50°  acid)  88.8  per  cent  and  in  value  38.3  per  cent. 
The  ton  of  2,000  pounds  is  used  in  showing  quantities. 


Table 
SO 


Total  valne . 


Acids 

Sulphuric: 

Tons,  reduced  to  50°  Baum6 

Tons 

Value 

66°  Baume — 

Tons 

Value 

60"  Baum^— 

Tons 

Value 

50°  Baum6— 

Tons 

Value 

Nitric: 

Pounds 

Value 

Mixed: 

Pounds 

Value 


All  other  products . 


1909 


1  $9,884,067 

$7,667,274 


865, 191 
703,185 


267,476 
$3,158,097 


73,073 
$401,734 


« 362,636 
$2,069,665 


8,396,326 
$499,303 


45,361,626 
$1,438,475 


$2,316,783 


1901 


1  $9,062,646 

$6,955,078 

467,614 

364,374 

$4,286,312 

199,663 
$2,886,179 

13,634 
$121,432 

5  151,077 
$1,278,701 

30,306,555 
$1,446,471 

42,812,894 
$1,222,295 

$2,097,568 


1899 


$8,596,390 

$6,209,872 

452,942 

324,365 

$4,071,848 

250,328 
$3,244,580 

13,650 
$199,380 

60,387 
$627,882 

20,402,570 
$1,028,266 

42,301,319 
$1,109,758 

$2,386,518 


J  In  addition,  the  following  products  were  made  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry 
designation: 


1909 

1904 

Acids: 

Sulphuric  (50°)— 

Tons 

621,801 
$4,465,263 

18,929,620 
$857,795 

11,820,542 
$422,312 

$511,532 

433,377 
$3,655,899 

15,957,526 
$804,473 

22,518,433 
$735,061 

Value 

Nitric- 
Pounds  

Value 

Mixed- 
Pounds  

Value 

All  other  products 

» Includes  the  equivalent  of  27,602  tons  of  oleum. 
'  Includes  the  equivalent  of  13,268  tons  of  oleum. 

Note.— In  1909, 1,271,536  tons  of  sulphuric  acid  (.50°)  and  110,760,619  pounds  of 
nitric  acid,  and  in  1904,  968,455  tons  of  sulphuric  acid  (50°)  and  62,116,3(36  pounds 
of  nitric  acid  were  made  and  consumed  In  establishments  where  produced. 

Including  by-products  from  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than 
those  covered  by  the  industry  designation,  the  total 
production  of  these  acids  for  sale  in  1909  and  1904 
was  as  follows: 


Table 

81                                        KIND. 

1909 

1904 

Sulphuric  acid  (60°): 

Tons 

1,476,992 

$10,084,759 

27,325,946 
$1,357,098 

57,182,168 
$1,860,787 

900,991 
$7,942,211 

46,264,081 
$2,250,944 

65,331,327 
$1,957,356 

Value 

Nitric  acid: 

Pounds 

Value 

Mixed  acids: 

Pounds 

Value 

A  large  amount  of  sulphuric  acid  made  and  con- 
sumed in  the  establishments  where  manufactured, 
particularly  in  fertiUzer  factories,  must  be  taken  into 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


503 


account  in  considering  the  total  production.  The 
following  table  gives  the  total  production  for  the 
three  census  years : 


g2   *             SULPHUBIC  ACID. 

1909 

1904 

189» 

Total,  reduced  to  50**  Baum^  acid — tons. . 

2,748,527 
1,476.992 
1,271,535 

1,869,437 
900,992 
968.445 

1,548,123 
783,768 

764,355 

Turpentine  and  rosin. — The  products  of  the  turpen- 
tine and  rosin  industry  for  which  statistics  are  pre- 
sented in  the  following  table  increased  in  value  from 
$20,344,888  in  1899  to  $25,295,017  in  1909,  or  24.3 
per  cent,  but  the  gain  was  due  wholly  to  the  great  in- 
crease in  the  price  of  rosin.  The  turpentine  product 
decreased  in  both  quantity  and  value  during  the 
decade.  The  output  of  rosin  also  decreased  24.9  per 
cent,  but  its  value  increased  145.2  per  cent.  The 
average  value  of  rosin  per  barrel  increased  from  $1.18 
in  1899  to  $3.85  in  1909. 


Table 

g3                         PBOD17CT. 

190» 

1904 

isn 

Total  value  

itU,S9S,017 

28,968,964 
112,654,228 

3,263,857 
112,676,721 

164,068 

tM.9S7,024 

30,687,051 
$15,170,499 

3,606,347 
$8,725,619 

$40,906 

$S0,S44,>M 

Turpentine: 

Gallons 

38,488,170 

Value 

$14,960,236 

Rosin: 

Barrels  (280  pounds) 

4,348,094 

Value 

$5,129,288 

Dross  and  other  products 

$256,386 

>  In  addition,  682,702  gallons  of  turpentine,  valued  at$243,491,  was  produced  b^ 
wood  distillation. 

CLAY,  QLASS,  AND  STONE  PRODUCTS. 

Under  this  general  head  are  assembled  the  indus- 
tries using  clay,  sand,  aiid  stone  as  basic  materials, 
namely,  the  manufacture  of  brick,  tile,  pottery,  terra- 
cotta, and  fire-clay  products,  and  that  of  cement, 
glass,  and  lime. 

The  statistics  for  all  these  industries,  except  glass 
manufacture,  were  collected  in  1909  in  cooperation  with 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  and  the  tables 
include,  except  as  otherwise  stated,  the  respective 
products  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily 
in  the  manufacture  of  other  products  as  well  as  those 
estabhshments  making  such  products  as  their  principal 
business. 

Brick  and  tile,  and  pottery,  terra-cotta,  and  fire-clay 
products. 1 — Table  84  summarizes  the  statistics  in 
regard  to  the  products  of  the  brick  and  tile,  pot- 
tery, and  terra-cotta  and  fire-clay  products  indus- 
tries. The  total  value  of  these  classes  of  products  was 
$168,895,365  in  1909  and  $95,533,862  in  1899,  the 
increase  during  the  decade  being  76.8  per  cent.  Of 
the  total  value  of  products  in  1909,  that  of  brick 
formed  57.5  per  cent,  that  of  tile  and  allied  products 
23.2  per  cent,  and  that  of  pottery  18.4  per  cent.  The 
percentages  were  practically  the  same  in  1904  and 
1899.     Some  of  the  classes  show  large  ratios  of  in- 

'  The  statistics  differ  from  tho?e  published  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  which  include  Porto  Rico. 


crease,  notably  porcelain  electrical  supplies  and  build- 
ing terra  cotta,  including  architectural  terra  cotta, 
fireproofing,  and  tiling. 


Table 

84 


1909 


Total  value 

Brick  and  tile,  terra-cotta,  and  fire- 
clay products 

Briclc 

Common — 

Thousand 

Value 

Fire- 
Thousand  

Value 

Vitrified,  paving,  etc.— 

Thousand 

Value 

Front,  including  fancy  colored 
and  fancy  or  ornamental — 

Thousand 

Value 

Sand  lime 

Enameled 

Drain  tile 

Sewer  pipe 

Architectural  terra  cotta 

Fireproofing,  terra-cotta  lumber 
and  hollow    building  tile,  or 

blocks 

Tile,  not  drain 

Stove  lining 

other 


Potterr 

Wnite  ware,  including  C.  C.  ware, 
white  granite,  semiporcelain 
ware,  and  semivitreous  porce- 
lain ware  

Sanitary  ware 

Stoneware  and  yellow  and  Rock- 
ingham ware 

Porcelain  electrical  stipplies 

China,  l>one  china.  Delft  and  Bel- 
leek  ware 

Red  earthenware 

Other 


AU  other  products 


$168,895,366 

$136,387,846 
$97,137,844 

9,787,671 
$57,216,789 

838,167 
$16,620,695 

1,023,654 
$11,269,586 


821,641 
$9,886,292 
$1,150,580 
$993,902 
•9,798,978 
$10,322,324 
$6,261,625 


$4,466,708 

$5,291,963 

$423,583 

$2,694,821 

$31,048,341 


$13,728,316 
$5,989,295 

$3,993,859 
$3,047,499 

•$1,766,766 

$804,806 

$1,717,800 

$1,459,178 


1904 


$136,362,864 

$109,003,306 
$78,728,083 

8,683,897 
$51,239,871 

678,362 
$11,752,625 

715,559 
$7,256,088 


626, 142 
$7,335,511 
$698,003 
$445,985 
$5,522,198 
$8,416,009 
$3,792,763 


$4,317,312 
$2,725,717 

(>) 
$5,501,224 

$25,834,513 


$9,195,703 
$3,932,506 

$3,481,521 
$1,500,283 

$3,478,627 

$821,695 

$3,424,178 

$515,035 


1899 


$96,533,861 

$76,551,645 
$58,640,228 

7,654,528 
$39,674,749 

800,862 
$8,636,562 

590,720 
$4,828,456 


451,420 
$5,170,492 

0) 

$329,969 
$3,662,184 
$4,560,334 
$2,027,532 


$1,665,031 

$1  276,300 

$416,236 

$4,303,801 

$17,222,040 


$6,376,361 
$2,211,877 

$2,130,263 
$470,355 

$1,297,978 

$762,260 

$3,972,966 

$1,760,177 


»  Not  reported  se. 

»  Product  of  Ohio  included  in  "other"  pottery. 

Cement. — The  statistics  of  products  for  the  cement 
industry  for  1909  and  1904,  given  in  the  following 
table,  show  a  total  value  of  $63,205,455  in  1909  as 
compared  with  $29,873,122  in  1904,  the  rate  of  increase 
for  the  five-year  period  being  111.6  per  cent.  In  1899 
the  statistics  for  the  lime  and  cement  industries  were 
combined,  the  products  aggregating  $28,673,735  in 
value.  The  value  of  the  combined  lime  and  cement 
product  in  1909  was  $81,157,442,  the  increase  for  the 
decade  being  183  per  cent. 

During  the  period  1904-1909  the  output  of  cement 
increased  110.5  per  cent  in  quantity,  all  of  the  in- 
crease being  in  Portland  cement,  while  the  output  of 
natural  cement  and  of  puzzolan  cement  decreased 
greatly.  Portland  cement  formed  97.5  per  cent  of 
the  total  in  1909,  as  compared  with  83.7  per  cent  in 
1904. 


Table 

g  5                                       FBODUCT. 

1909 

1004 

$63,205,466 

06,689,715 
$53,610,563 

64,991,431 
$52,858,354 

1,537,638 
$652,756 

160,646 
$99,453 

$9,594,892 

$29,873,123 

Cement: 

31,675,257 

$26,031,920 

Portland- 

26,505,881 

$23,355,119 

Natural— 

4,866,331 

$2, 450, ISO 

Puzzolan— 

303,045 

$226,651 

$3,841,202 

504 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Glass. — The  following  table  presents  comparative 
statistics  for  the  glass  industry,  giving  the  total  cost 
of  materials  and  the  total  value  of  products,  together 
with  the  quantities  of  the  principal  materials  and 
products,  for  the  years  1909,  1904,  and  1899.  There 
was  an  increase  of  62.9  per  cent  in  the  value  of  all 


products  for  1909  as  compared  with  1899.  The  increase 
in  the  value  of  building  glass  amounted  to  53.9  per  cent; 
that  in  the  value  of  pressed  and  blown  glass  to  60.4  per 
cent;  and  that  in  the  value  of  bottles  and  jars  to  66.2 
per  cent.  The  ton  of  2,000  pounds  is  used  in  showing 
quantities. 


Table  86 


PRINCIPAI.  MATEKIALS. 


Total  cost. 


Glass  sand,  tons 

Soda  ash  (carbonate  of  soda),  tons. 
Salt  cake  (sulphate  of  soda),  tons. . 

Nitrate  of  soda,  tons 

Limestone,  tons 

Lime,  bushels 

Arsenic,  poimds 

Carbon,  tons 

Manganese,  pounds 

Litharge  and  red  lead,  pounds 

Potash  or  pearlash,  pounds 

Grinding  sand,  tons 

Rouge,  pounds 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  value. 


Building  glass 

Window — 

50-foot  boxes 

Value 

Plate- 
Total  cast,  square  feet. 
Polished — ' 

Square  leet 

Value 

Rough,  made  for  sale- 
Square  feet 

Value 

Cathedral— 

Square  feet 

Value 


1909 


$32,119,499 


,004,086 

373,764 

76,540 

19,676 

156,377 

,256,117 

140,720 

5,480 

882,465 

653,149 

938,355 

706,689 

383,182 


1  $98,095,803 

S26,308,438 

6,921,611 
$11,742,959 

60,105,694 

47,370,254 
$12,204,875 

205,690 
$37,431 

7,405,980 
$569,848 


1904 


$26,145,522 

769,792 

215,462 

53,905 

11,915 

115,655 

1,166,342 

2,676,650 

3,750 

3,096,939 

9,613,649 

6,446,338 

410,856 

1,098,566 


2  $79,607,998 

$21,697,861 

4,852,315 
$11,610,851 

34,804,986 

27,293,138 
$7,978,253 

17,784 
$3,529 

6,615,093 
$293,623 


1899 


$16,731,009 

581,720 

157,779 

53,257 

10, 770 

91,015 

993,349 

2,349,261 

4,155 

1,493,538 

8,386,106 

4,406,211 

265,438 

837,536 


$56,539,712 

$17,096,234 

4,341,282 
$10,879,355 

21,172,129 

16,883,578' 
$5,158,598 

628,684 

$75,887 

8,846,361 
$567,252 


PRODUCTS— continued . 

Building  glass— Continued. 
Skylight- 
Square  feet 

Value 

All  other 


Pressed  and  blown  glass 

Tableware,  100  pieces 

Jellies,  tumblers,  and  goblets,  dozen. 

Lamps,  dozen 

Chimneys,  dozeni 

Lantern  globes,  dozen ' 

Globes  and  other  electrical  goods, 

dozen 

Shades,  globes,  and  other  gas  goods, 

dozen 

Blown  tumblers,  stem  ware,  and  bar 

goods,  dozen 

Opal  ware,  dozen 

Cut  ware,  dozen 


Bottles  and  jars 

Prescriptions,  vials,  and  druggists' 

wares,  gross 

Beer,  soda,  and  mineral,  gross 

Liquors  and  flasks,  gross 

MiUc  jars,  gross 

Fruit  jars,  gross 

Battery  jars  and  other  electrical 

goods,  gross 

Patent  and  proprietary,  gross 

Packers  and  preservers,  gross 

Demijohns  and  carboys,  dozen 


1909 


15,409,966 

$788,726 
$964,599 

$27,398,445 

1,286,056 

11,687,036 

322,482 

6,652,967 

952,620 

11,738,798 

1,541,449 

9,182,060 

3,095,666 

206,336 

$36,018,333 

3,624,022 
2,345,204 
1,887,344 
440,302 
1, 124, 485 


1,637,798 

1,237,175 

122,570 


All  other  products $2, 369, 987 


1904 


15,255,541 

$678,391 

$1,133,214 

$21,956,158 
1,283,974 
7.346,214 
487,017 
7,039,756 
1,765,247 

1,901,415 

878,244 

6,282,606 

1,091,208 

83,736 

$33,631,063 

3,202,586 
2,351,852 
2,157,801 
253,651 
1,061,829 

19,974 
1,657,372 
1,237,065 

64,450 

$2,322,916 


1899 


3.679,694 
$165,086 
$250,056 

$17,076,125 

655. 141 
8,544,050 

807,765 
0,901,192 
1,044,816 

(=) 
2,673,854 

6,127,367 

3,750,443 

134,726 

$21,676,791 

2,423,932 

1,351,118 

985,374 

146. 142 
789,298 

(») 
1,296,131 
784,688 
83,243 

$690,562 


1  In  addition,  42,639  gross  of  bottles  and  jars,  valued  at  $90,490,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

•  In  addition,  glassware  to  the  value  of  $9,663  was  made  by  estabUshments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the 
industry  designation. 


•  Not  reported. 

Lime.^ — The  total  value  of  the  lime  reported  as  manu- 
factured in  1909  was  $13,763,604  as  compared  with 
$9,951,456  in  1904,  an  increase  for  the  five-year  period 
of  38.3  per  cent.  The  quantity  reported  in  1909  was 
3,467,523  tons  (2,000  pounds),  "of  which  1,904,202  tons 
was  used  for  building  or  structural  purposes;  591,792 
tons  for  fertilizing;  and  the  remainder  in  various 
manufacturing  establishments,  such  as  paper  mills, 
tanneries,  sugar  factories,  and  alkali  works.  The  value 
of  all  products  reported  by  establishments  engaged" 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  lime  was  $17,951,987 
m  1909  and  $14,751,170  in  1904. 

VEHICLES  FOR  LAND  TEANSPORTATION. 

Under  the  above  heading  are  given  statistics  for 
the  manufacture  of  automobiles,  bicycles,  motorcycles, 
and  carriages  and  wagons,  and  the  construction  of 
steam  and  electric  railroad  cars,  and  also  for  the 
operations  of  the  construction  and  repair  shops  of 
railroads. 

Automobiles.— The  statistics  for  automobiles  are 
presented  in  Table  87.  Under  "all  other  products " 
are  included  the  products  of  establishments  engaged 

'  The  statistics  differ  from  those  published  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  which  include  Hawaii  and  Porto  Rico. 


in  the  manufacture  of  automobile  bodies  and  parts, 
which  are  sold  largely  to  automobile  manufacturers, 
as  well  as  the  value  of  bodies  and  parts  made  and 
sold  separately  by  automobile  manufacturers.  The 
total  value  of  products  for  the  industry  thus  in- 
volves considerable  duplication.  The  growth  of  the 
automobile  industry  has  been  phenomenal.  In  1899 
the  general  statistics  for  the  industry  were  included 
with  those  for  carriage  and  wagon  manufacture,  and 
only  3,897  automobiles  were  reported.  In  1904  the 
total  number,  including  automobiles  made  by  con- 
cerns classified  under  other  industries,  was  22,830, 
while  in  1909  the  number  was  127,287,  or  nearly 
thirty-three  times  the  number  reported  in  1899. 

The  value  of  all  products  of  the  industry  proper  was 
$249,202,075  in  1909  and  $30,033,536  in  1904.  Gasoline 
machines  formed  95.1  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
made  in  1909  and  86.2  per  cent  in  1904.  Of  the  total 
number  manufactured  in  1909,  3,226,  or  2.5  per  cent, 
were  rated  at  50  horsepower  or  more;  51,218,  or  40.5 
per  cent,  at  from  30  to  49  horsepower;  35,257,  or  27.8 
per  cent,  at  from  20  to  29  horsepower;  29,353,  or  23.2 
per  cent,  at  from  10  to  19  horsepower;  and  7,539,  or  6 
per  cent,  at  less  than  10  horsepower.  Passenger  ve- 
hicles constituted  97.4  per  cent  of  the  total  number 
and  business  vehicles  2.6  per  cent. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


505 


Tables? 


Total  value. 


Automobiles. 
Gasoline. 
Electric. 
Steam... 


Passenger  fefticZ^s  (pleasure,  fam- 
ily, and  public  conveyances).. 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Steam 

Buggies 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Runabouts 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Steam 

Touring  cars 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Steam 

Closed  (limousine,  cabs,  etc. ) . . 

Gasoline 

Electric 

All  other  (omnibuses,  siKht- 
seeing  wagons,  ambulances, 
patrol  wagons,  etc.) 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Steam 


1909 


126,593 

120,393 

3,826 

2,374 


Business  vehicles  (merchandise) 

Gasoline 

Electric 

Steam 

Delivery  wagons 

Oasoline 

Electric 

Steam 

Trucks 

Gasoline 

Electric 

All  other 

Gasol  ine 

Electric 


All  other  products,  including  bod< 
iea  and  parts 

Amount  received  for  custom  work 
and  repairing 


1.233 
799 
409 
25 

3,255 

2,760 

495 


1,862 

1,645 

217 


1,366 

1,090 

276 

27 

25 

2 


$249,202,076 

164,209,324 

153,529,653 

7,259,430 

3, 480, 241 


123,338 

159,039,301 

117,633 

149,530,232 

3,331 

6,028,828 

2,374 

3, 480, 241 

4,582 

2,391,250 

4,314 

2,039,129 

268 

352, 121 

36,204 

28,030,479 

35,347 

27,116,901 

496 

648,630 

361 

264.948 

76,114 

113,403,188 

73,883 

109,844,295 

243 

387, 526 

1,988 

3,171,367 

5,206 

12,729,304 

3,290 

8, 762, 768 

1,915 

3,066,636 

2,485,080 

1,767,139 

674,015 

43,926 

5,230,023 
3,999,421 
1,230,602 


1,918,856 

1,474,063 

444,793 


3,165,512 

2,384,703 

780,809 

145,655 

140,655 

5,000 


>  78, 584, 763 
6,317,998 


1904 


Number. 


21,692 
18,699 
1,425 
1,568 

21,281 
18,504 
1,211 
1,566 
(») 

12,131 

10,999 

455 

677 

7,220 

6.444 

39 

737 


Value. 


3  $30,033,536 

23,751,234 
19,566,941 
2,496,255 
1,688,038 

22,804,287 

19,300,654 

1,819,595 

1,684,038 


1,930 

1,061 

717 

152 

411 
196 
214 

2 
251 
140 
109 

2 

160 

56 

105 

(«) 

8 


8,831,504 

7,976,821 

453,304 

401,379 

11,781,521 

10,576,023 

55,038 

1,150,460 


2,191,262 
747,810 

1,311,253 
132,199 

946,947 
266,287 
676,660 

4,000 
455, 457 
215,897 
235,560 

4,000 
491,490 
50,390 
441,100 


5,431,240 
851,063 


>  In  addition,  694  automobiles,  valued  at  $830,080,  and  bodies  and  parts  valued 
at  $4,415,260,  were  made  by  establishments  engaiged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

» In  addition,  1,138  automobiles,  valued  at  $879,205,  were  made  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covere<l 
by  the  industry  designation. 

>  Not  reported  separately. 
*  None  reported. 

^  Includes  custom  work  and  repairing  by  establishments  manufacturing  bodies 
and  parts. 

Bicycles  and  motorcycles,  and  parts. — The  fallowing 
table  presents  the  comparative  statistics  of  products 
for  the  bicycle  and  motorcycle  industry.  It  does  not 
include  children's  bicycles  and  tricycles.  A  marked 
feature  is  the  decline  in  the  manufacture  of  bicycles 
and  tricycles  and  the  increase  in  the  manufacture  of 
motorcycles. 


Table 

gg                        PEODUCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1  $10,698,667 

168,824 
$2,436,996 

(») 

1  $6,153,240 

225,309 
$3,203,505 

32 
$3,350 

2,300 
$354,980 

$1,591,405 

1  $31,916,908 

Bicycles: 

N  umber 

1,112,880 

Value 

$22,127,310 

Tricycles: 

Number 

328 

Value 

$17,261 

Motorcycles: 

Number 

18,628 
$3,015,988 

$5,245,583 

160 

Value 

$33,674 

All  other  products,  including  i)arts 

$9,737,663 

'  In  addition,  the  following  products  were  made  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry 
designation:  In  1909,  64,883  bicycles,  valued  at  $791,193,  and  other  products,  inclua- 
ing  parts,  etc.,  valued  at  $579,927;  in  1904,  2,5,178  bicycles,  valued  at  $537,418;  28 
motorcycles,  valued  at  $4,200;  and  other  products,  including  parts,  valued  at  $34,341; 
and  in  1899,  69,811  bicycles,  valued  at  $1,529,177,  and  other  products  valued  at 
$24,000. 

'  None  rejwrted. 


The  total  value  of  products  of  the  industry  decreased 
from  $31,915,908  in  1899  to  $5,153,240  in  1904,  but 
by  1909  it  had  risen  again  to  $10,698,567,  or  more 
than  double  the  figures  for  19(T4. 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials. — The  following 
table  presents  statistics  for  the  manufacture  of  car- 
riages and  wagons,  including  under  "All  other  prod- 
ucts" the  products  of  establishments  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  carriage  and  wagon  materials,  but 
not  including  children's  carriages  and  sleds.  The 
total  value  of  products  increased  from  $138,261,763 
in  1899  to  $159,892,547  in  1909,  or  15.6  per  cent. 
The  value  of  wagons  increased  $8,852,172,  or  28.5 
per  cent,  though  the  number  manufactured  was  very 
little  larger  in  1909  than  in  1899.  The  carriages 
reported  were  both  fewer  in  number  and  lower  in 
value  in  1909  than  in  1899.  Public  conveyances  also 
show  a  decrease  in  value,  but  a  slight  increase  in 
number.  In  each  of  these  three  classes  the  decreases 
that  appear  for  the  decade  as  a  whole  have  taken 
place  entirely  since  1904,  in  which  year  the  numbers  and 
values  reported  exceeded  those  for  1899.  The  decreases 
are  ]>resumably  due  to  the  growth  of  the  automobile 
industry. 


Table 

g9                    PBODCCT. 

190B 

1904 

1899 

Total  Tftltifi      .         

>  $169,892,647 

828,411 
$47,766,118 

587,685 
$39,932,910 

154,631 
$16,440,816 

429,952 
$22,615,876 

3,102 
$876,219 

2,243 
$939, 267 

100,899 
$2,065,850 

544 
$569, 119 

$68,629,283 

)  $166,868,849 

937,409 
$55,750,276 

643. 755 
$37,195,230 

133,422 
(•) 

605,025 
(•) 

5,308 
(') 

2,711 
$1,314,952 

127,455 
$2,694,560 

199 
$235,675 

$58,678,156 

$188,261,768 

Carriages  (family  and  pleasure): 

Number 

904,639 

Value 

$51,295,393 

Wagons: 

Number 

570,428 

Value. 

$31,080,738 

Businew— 

Number 

8 

Value 

Farm— 

Nimiber 

8 

Value 

Government,  municipal,  etc.— 

(•) 

(•) 

Public    conveyances    (cabs,    hacks, 
hansoms,  hotel  coaches,  omnibuses, 
etc.): 

2,218 

$1,114,090 

Sleighs  and  sleds: 

Number 

117,006 
$2, 290, 903 

Automobiles:* 

174 

Value 

$129,053 

All  other  products,  including  parts, 
and  amount  received  for  repair  work. 

$52,351,586 

>  In  addition,  14,908  carriages,  valued  at  $1,078,935;  42,112  wagons,  valued  at 
$2,093,288;  104  public  conveyances,  valued  at  $5,615;  8,209  sleighs  and  sleds,  valued 
at  $165,917;  and  parts  and  materials,  valued  at  $1, 184,256,  were  made  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  ihe  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation. 

'  In  addition,  carriages  and  wagons,  valued  at  $612,173,  were  made  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
by  the  industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 

<  Automobiles  manufactured  in  establishments  devoted  primarily  to  the  manu- 
facture of  carriages  and  wagons. 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by 
steam-railroad  companies. — Table  90  presents  sta- 
tistics of  the  work  done  by  construction  and  repair 
shops  operated  by  steam-railroad  companies,  not  in- 
cluding roundhouses  where  nmning  repairs  are  made. 
The  total  value  of  such  work  was  $405,600,727 
in  1909  and  $218,238,277  in  1899,  the  rate  of  increase 


506 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


for  the  decade  being  85.9  per  cent.  Moat  of  the  value 
represents  that  of  repahs,  comparatively  little  repre- 
senting new  construction. 


Table 
90 


CLASS  or  WOBK. 


Total  Talne 

Motive  power  and  machinery  depart- 
ment  

Locomotives  built: 

Number 

Value 

Repairs  to  locomotives,  motors, 

Work  for  other  corporations 

All  other  products  or  work 


Car  department 

Cars  built 

Passenger- 
Number 

Value 

Freight- 
Number 

Value 

Other- 
Number 

Value 

Repairs  to  cars  of  all  kinds. . 
Work  for  other  corporations . 
All  other  products  or  work.. 


Bridge   and   building  departments 

(^opwork) 

Repairs  and  renewals 

Work  for  other  corporations 

All  other  products  or  work 


All  other  products  and  work,  not  clas- 
sified  


19W 


$406,600,727 

$184,971,870 

215 
$3,289,140 

$127,928,773 
$4,735,004 
$49,018,953 

$199,768,939 
$13,326,171 

218 
$1,291,354 

13,972 
$11,767,664 

359 

$267, 153 

$147,194,065 

$8,784,239 

$30,464,464 


$2,799,898 

$1,906,737 

$46,496 

$846,665 


$18,060,020 


IWM 


$309,775,089 

$149,643,953 

148 
$1,853,939 

$101,326,805 
$5,681,307 
$40,781,902 

$149,748,820 
$12,990,011 

414 
$2,337,977 

14,742 
$10,006,642 

2,000 

$645,392 

$105,319,032 

$6,946,990 

$24,492,787 


$5,096,141 

$4,351,487 

$40,581 

$704,073 


$5,286,175 


18991 


$218,238,277 

$94,447,260 

272 
$3,276,393 

$57,383,143 
$3,338,589 
$30,449,135 

$118,376,552 
$16,521,352 

390 
$1,441,733 

26,543 
$15,079,619 


?! 


$74, 665, 500 
$7,084,857 
$20, 104, 843 


$5,414,465 

$3,937,170 

$241, 626 

$1,235,669 


(') 


>  Includes  Alaska.  >  None  reported. 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by 
street-railroad  companies. — The  following  table  pre- 
sents statistics  of  the  operations  of  the  construction 
and  repair  shops  of  street-railroad  companies,  includ- 
ing all  electric  systems  and  interurban  electric  lines — 
all  railroads,  in  fact,  except  steam  roads.  The  work 
done,  which  consists  almost  wholly  of  repairs,  was  not 
reported  in  detail  in  1899,  but  its  aggregate  value  in 
that  year  was  $9,370,811,  as  compared  with  $13,437,121 
in  1904  and  $31,962,561  in  1909,  an  increase  for  the 
decade  of  241.1  per  cent. 


Table 
91 


CLASS  OF  WORK. 


Total  value. 


Motive  power  and  machinery  department . 

Repairs  to  motors,  etc 

Work  for  other  corporations 

All  other  products  or  work 


Car  department 

Cars  built 

Passenger — 

Number 

Value 

Freight- 
Number 

Value 

other- 
Number 

Value 

Repairs  to  cars  of  all  kinds . . 
Work  for  other  corporations . 
All  other  products  or  work . . 


Bridge  and  building  department  (shopwork). 

Repairs  and  renewals 

Work  for  other  corporations 

All  other  products  or  work 


All  other  products  and  work  not  classified. 


1909, 


$31,962,561 

$4,510,332 

$4,004,336 

$88, 070 

1  $417, 926 

$25,835,463 
$626, 752 

129 
$498, 709 

63 
$59,102 

51 

$68,941 

$22,869,777 

$624,805 

$1,714,129 

$330,948 

$273,581 

$5,093 

$52,274 

$1,285,818 


1904 


$13,437,121 

$510,946 


$2,626 
$508,320 


$12,581,365 
$605,144 


288 
$580, 669 


13 

$11,366 


tlZ,  109 

$11,254,505 

$36, 714 

$685,002 

$327,855 
$253, 133 


$74,722 
$16,955 


1  Includes  value  of  three  electric  locomotives. 

Cars,  steam-railroad. — The  statistics  of  establish- 
ments constructing  steam-railroad  cars  given  in  the 


following  table  do  not  include  the  work  of  steam- 
railroad  companies  in  their  repair  shops  or  that  of 
concerns  primarily  engaged  in  the  construction  of 
street  cars.  The  total  value  of  products  of  this  in- 
dustry was  $123,729,627  in  1909,  as  compared  with 
$90,510,180  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the  decade  of  36.7 
per  cent.  The  freight  cars  made  in  1909  were  fewer 
in  number  and  lower  in  aggregate  value  than  those 
made  in  either  1904  or  1899,  and  the  cars  for  passen- 
ger service  made  in  1909  were  fewer  in  number  and 
lower  in  aggregate  value  than  those  made  in  1904. 
In  fact,  while  there  are  a  number  of  classes  of  prod- 
ucts, such  as  passenger  cars  (day  coaches)  and  ore 
cars,  wliich  show  an  increase  in  number  and  value 
for  the  five-year  period  1904-1909,  the  increase  in 
value  for  the  total  is  more  than  covered  by  the  in- 
crease in  the  value  of  ''  all  other  products." 


Table 

g^                     PKODUCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Total  value 

1  $123,729,627 

1,601 
$13,829,607 

216 
$1,105,779 

95 
$600,912 

957 
$7,209,425 

333 

$4,913,491 

73, 177 
$61,691,825 

29,728 
$23,982,446 

11,473 
$9,419,655 

3,232 
$2,033,801 

900 
$784,476 

90 
$70,515 

19,607 
$18,128,186 

2.618 
$2,747,957 

2,349 
$1,586,008 

537 
$525,605 

2,643 
$2,413,176 

603 
$2,023,922 

558 
$1,903,317 

45 
$120,605 

$46,184,273 

)  $111,178,310 

2,030 
$18,140,293 

199 
$896,185 

95 
$576,230 

428 
$2,955,517 

1,308 
$13,712,361 

100,616 
$69,148,955 

38, 184 
$28,508,632 

27,998 
$21,367,218 

5,412 
$2,893,154 

2,840 
$1,727,771 

801 
$505,000 

9,518 
$5,518,084 

3,353 
$3,042,835 

4,235 
$2, 453, 123 

160 
$150,977 

8,115 
$2,982,161 

418 
$994,654 

331 
$930,791 

87 
$63,863 

$22,891,408 

$90,510,180 

Steam-railroad  cars: 
Passenger  service— 

Total  number 

979 

Value 

$7,368,299 

Baggage  and  express- 
Number 

72 

$238,554 

Mail- 
Number  

42 

Value 

$197,465 

Passenger- 
Number  

331 

Value 

$1,975,469 

Chair,    dining    and  bufltet, 
parlor,   sleeping,   and   all 
other— 

534 

$4,956,811 

Freight  service- 
Total  number 

116,590 

$62,161,013 

Box- 
Number  

47,838 

Value 

$26,562,893 

Coal  and  coke — 

28,857 

Value 

$18,414,718 

Flat- 
Number 

4,525 

Value 

$1,923,525 

Fruit- 
Number  

1,620 

Value 

$665,354 

Furniture- 
Number  

1,717 

Value 

$1,148,265 

Gondola  or  ore — 

Number 

11,821 

Value 

$6, 873, 145 

Refrigerator- 
Number  

2,354 

Value 

$1,956,097 

Stock- 
Number  

2,760 

Value 

$1,426,800 

Caboose- 
Number 

193 

Value 

$184,865 

other- 
Number  

14,905 

$3,005,351 

Street-railroad  cars: 

Number 

Value 

935 
$1,090,854 

Passenger- 
Number 

Value 

902 
$1,062,172 

other- 
Number 

Value 

All  other  products 

33 
$28,682 

$19,890,014 

'  In  addition,  8,977  cars,  valued  at  $5,924,871,  and  parts  and  repairs  to  the  value 
of  $210,487,  were  reported  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

'  In  addition,  2,541  cars,  valued  at  $1,012,820,  and  parts  and  repairs  to  the  value 
of  $101,073,  were  reported  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture 
of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


Cars,  street-railroad. — The  following  table  present- 
ing comparative  statistics  of  products  for  establish- 
ments constructing  street  or  electric  railroad  cars  does 
not  include  cars  made  in  the  shops  of  railroad  com- 
panies or  by  concerns  primarily  engaged  in  making 
steam-railroad  cars.  In  1899  the  value  of  all  products 
was  $7,305,368  and  in  1909  only  $7,809,866,  a  slight 
increase  thus  being  shown  for  the  decade.  The  value 
of  products  in  1904,  however,  exceeded  that  in  1909. 
The  decrease  in  the  construction  of  open  cars  since 
1904  is  especially  marked. 


Table 

93                                     PEODUCT.l 

1909                 1904 

Total  Talne 

*  $7,809,866 

1,922 
$4,602,435 

1,323 
$3,500,781 

369 
$704,309 

95 
$141,008 

92 
$179,293 

43 

$77,044 

167 
$111,813 

$3,096,618 

>  $10,844,196 

Electric-railroad  cars: 

Number 

3,966 

Value 

$8,302,512 

Closed- 
Number 

2,621 

Value 

$5,777,257 

Combination- 

502 

Value  

$1,240,864 

Open- 
Number 

554 

Value 

$860,349 
16 

Freight,  express,  and  mail- 
Number 

Value 

$24,022 

<273 
$400,020 

Other  varieties- 
Number 

Value 

Steam-railroad  cars: 

Freight  service,  all  classes  - 

Number 

136 

Value 

$59,663 
$2,482,021 

All  other  products 

1  Products  were  not  shown  in  detail  for  1899;  the  total  value  was  $7,305,368. 

*  In  addition,  607  cars,  valued  at  $2,0.'}3,922,  were  made  by  establLshracnts  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry 
-uesignation. 

<  In  addition,  418  cars,  valued  at  $994,654.  were  made  by  establishments  engaged 
primarilv  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry 
designation. 

*  Includes  38  horse  cars,  valued  at  $29,182. 

Summary  for  railroad  cars. — The  following  table 
assembles  the  statistics  of  all  railroad  cars  con- 
structed, including  those  made  in  establishments  not 
engaged  primarily  in  the  construction  of  railroad  cars : 


Table 

94                    PBODXJCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Total  Talud 

$108,187,896 

$94,874,287 

1,819 
$15,120,961 

96,648 
$79,753,326 

2,772 
$7,263,109 

$110,249,982 

$100,346,912 

2,446 
$20,486,260 

117,494 
$79,860,652 

4,694 
$9,902,310 

$86,050,664 

1,369 
$8,810,032 

143,133 

Passenger  service- 
Number  

Value 

Freight  service  i — 

Number 

Value 

$77,240,632 

Streets-railroad  cars: ' 

Value 

(») 

'  Including  all  service  not  passenger.  »  Chiefly  electric. 

'  Not  reported  separately;  the  total  value  of  products  of  establishments  en- 
gaged primarily  in  the  construction  of  street-railroad  cars  amounted  to  $7,305,368. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INDUSTRIES. 

Statistics  for  all  industries  that  can  not  properly  be 
classified  with  any  of  the  groups  before  presented,  on 
account  of  the  character  "either  of  the  products  or  of 
the  raw  materials  used,  are  given  under  the  above 
head. 

Agricultural  implements. — Table  95  presents  com- 
parative statistics  of  the  production  of  agricultural 
implements.  The  value  of  all  products  increased  from 
$101,207,428  in  1899  to  $146,329,268  in  1909,  or  44.6 


per  cent.  This  includes  the  value  of  miscellaneous 
agricultural  implements  and  parts  not  classifiable  under 
either  of  the  four  groups  shown  separately  and  of  a 
large  number  of  products  not  distinctively  agricultural, 
but  made  by  manufacturers  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, such  as  windmills,  carriages  and  wagons,  en- 
gines, presses,  castings,  lawn  swings,  etc.  In  1909  the 
aggregate  value  of  the  four  groups  of  agricultural  im- 
plements— seeders  and  planters,  implements  of  culti- 
vation, harvesting  implements,  and  separators — was 
$94,524,494,  compared  with  $79,335,400  in  1904,  an 
increase  of  19.1  per  cent. 


Table 
95 


Total  value. 


Implements  of  cultivation 

Seeders  and  planters 

Harvesting  implements 

Seed  separators 

All  other  products 

Amount  received  for  repair  work. 


Principal  kind  of  implementt,  bf 
number. 

Implements  of  cultivation: 

Cultivators — 

Beet 

Small 

Wheeled 

Cotton  scrapers 

Harrows- 
Disk 

Spring-tooth 

Spike-tooth 

Plows- 
Disk  

Oang 

Shovel 

steam 

Sulky  or  wheel 

Walking 

Seeders  and  planters: 

Seeders- 
Broadcast 

Combination 

Com  planters- 
Hand 

Horse 

Listers 

Cotton  planters 

Potato  planters 

Drills- 
Corn 

Disk 

Grain 

All  other 

Seed  sowers 

Harvesting  implements: 

Grain  cradles 

Harvesters- 
Bean  

Com 

Grain 

Harvesters  and  thrasherscom- 

bined 

Other 

Hay  carriers 

Hayforks,  horse 

Hay  loaders 

Hayrakes,  horse 

Haystackers 

Hay  tedders 

Mowers 

Potato  diggers,  horse 

R  capers 

Seed  separators: 

Clover  hullers 

Com  buskers 

Com  buskers  and  shredders 

Com  shellers— 

Hand 

Power 

Fanning  mills 

Thrashers- 
Horsepower 

steam  power 


1909 


>  $146,329,268 

$35,240,0.30 
$13,679,921 
$34,508,131 
$11,030,412 
$48,690,082 
$3,114,092 


3,172 
469,696 
435,429 
20,180 

193,000 
112,832 
394,988 

22,132 
91,686 
254,737 
2,355 
134,936 
1,110,006 


38,007 
23,963 

96,465 
122,780 
44,840 
79,271 
23,092 

20,137 
21,292 
68,611 
32,507 
7,847 

22,635 

1,409 
19,693 
129,274 

543 

1.707 

45,064 

43,675 

34,705 

266,260 
17,212 
34,396 

359,264 
25,632 
68,294 

437 

372 

1,240 

74,223 

9,049 

33,805 

822 
23,586 


1904 


'  $112,007,344 

$30,607,960 
$11,225,122 
$30,862,435 

$0,039,883 
$;}0,703,048 

$1,968,296 


3,459 
239, 173 
313,088 
22,519 

104,323 

86,408 

262,442 

39,146 
(') 

121,899 

1,599 

138,899 

956,898 


33,546 

86,553 
90,929 
23,012 
127,052 
35,756 

28,228 

(') 

76,929 

600 

59,910 

30,050 

665 

6,924 

108,810 

3,161 
85,121 
62,801 
27, 174 

236,297 
8,670 
35,745 

273,385 
11,703 
60,996 

351 

1,327 


1899 


47. 189 

6,082 

22,994 

2,237 
7,950 


'  In  addition,  agricultural  implements,  to  the  value  of  $2,989,276,  in  1909,  and  to 
the  value  of  $1,349,679,  in  1904,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in 
the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry  designation. 

2  Not  reported  separately. 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies. — 
Table  96  summarizes  the  statistics  of  the  output  of 
electrical   machinery,    apparatus,   and    supplies,   and 


508 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


includes  figures  for  such  products  made  by  establish- 
ments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  other 
products,  as  well  as  for  all  products  of  establishments 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  electrical 
macMnery,  apparatus,  and  supphes.  The  value  of  all 
products  was  $243,965,093  in  1909,  as  compared  with 
$105,831,865  in  1899,  an  increase  for  the  decade  of 
130.5  per  cent.  Among  the  leading  groups  the  highest 
rate  of  increase  is  for  incandescent  lamps,  the  value  of 
which  was  $3,515,118  in  1899  and  $15,714,809  in  1909. 


Table 
96 


Total  value 

Dynamos: 

Number 

Kilowatt  capacity 

Value 

Dynamotors,  motor  generators,  boost- 
ers, rotary  converters,  and  double 

current  generators 

Transformers 

Switchboards,  panel  boards,  and  cut- 
out cabinets 

Motors: 

Total  number 

Horsepower 

Value 

For  power- 
Number 

Horsepower 

■\^lue 

For  automobiles — 

Number 

Horsepower 

Value 

For  fans- 
Number 

Horsepower 

Value 

For  elevators — 

Number 

Horsepower 

Value •. 

For  railways,  and  miscellaneous 
services,  Including  value  of 
parts  and  supplies — 

Number 

"Horsepower 

Value 

Stor^e  batteries,  including  value  of 
parts  and  supplies: 

Weight  of  plates  in  pounds 

Value 

Primary  batteries,  including  value 
of  parts  and  supplies: 

Number 

Value 

Arc  lamps: 

Number 

Value 

Searchlights,  projectors,  and  focusing 
lamps 


Incandescent  lamps , 

Carbon  filament 

Timgsten , 

Gem,    tantalum,    glower,    and 

vacuum  and  vapor  lamps , 

Decorative  and  miniature  lamps. 
X-ray  bulbs,  vacuum  tubes, 
etc 


Sockets,  receptacles,  bases,  etc 

Electrio-lightmg  fixtures  of  all  kinds . . 

Tel^raph  apparatus 

Telephone  apparatus 

Insulated  wires  and  cables 

Electric  conduits 

Annunciators— domestic,  hotel,  and 
office 

Electric  clocks  and  time  mechanisms. 

Fuses 

Lightning  arresters 

Rheostats  and  resistances 

Heating,  cooking,  and  welding  appa- 
ratus   

Electric  flatirons 

Electric  measuring  instruments 

Electrical  therapeutic  apparatus 

Magneto-ignition  apparatus,  sparks, 
coils,  etc 

Electric  switches,  signals,  and  attach- 
ments  

Circuit  fittings  of  all  kinds .  i  i !  ] " ! .'  ] ! 

All  other  products 


1909 


1  $243,965,093 

16, 791 

1,405,950 

$13,081,048 


$3,154,733 
$8,801,019 

$5,971,804 

504,030 

2,733,418 

$32,087,482 

243,423 

1,683,677 

$18,306,451 

2,796 

12,471 

$294, 152 

199, 113 

178,033 

$2,450,739 

4,988 

63,585 

$1,188,653 


63,710 

795,652 

$9,847,487 


23,119,331 
$4,678,209 


34,333,531 
$5,934,261 

123.985 
$1,706,959 

$935,874 

$15,714,809 
$6,157,066 
$6,241,133 

$2,715,991 


$600,619 

$4,521,729 
$6,128,282 
$1,957,432 
$14,259,357 
$51,624,737 
$5,098,264 

$235,567 
$352,513 

$1,001,719 
$940, 171 

$2,674,963 

$1,003,038 

$951,074 

$7,800,010 

$1,107,858 

$6,092,343 

$5,377,843 
$1,080,287 

$39,691,708 


1904 


1  $169,561,402 

15,080 

996, 182 

$11,084,234 


$1,740,534 
$4,468,567 


1899 


'$105,831,865 

10,527 

578, 124 

$10,472,576 


$379,747 
$2,962,871 


$3,766,044  !        $1,846,624 


206,343 

1,493,012 

$22,370,626 

79,877 

678,910 

$13,120,948 

1,819 

19,907 

$152,685 

102,535 

30,796 

$1,168,254 

1,333 

13,398 

$638,473 


20,779 

750,001 

$7,290,266 


16,113,073 
$2,645,749 


6,623,162 
$1,598,144 

195, 157 
$1,574,422 

$114,795 

$6,953,205 

$6,703,454 

$249,751 

$2,010,860 
$3,294,606 
$1, 111, 194 
$15,863,698 
$34,519,699 
$2,416,245 

$185,870 
$373,926 
$868,079 
$587, 124 
$932,925 

$395,827 

$5,004,763 
$1,036,962 

$678,077 

$1,451,337 
$3,525,446 

$28,978,444 


159,780 

1,221,482 

$19,505,504 

35,604 

515,705 

$7,551,480 

3,017 

8,220 

$192,030 

97,577 

12,766 

$1,055,369 

385 

6,730 

$2,623,901 


23, 197 

678,061 

$8,182,724 


$2,559,601 


2,654,765 
$1,119,444 

158, 187 
$1,827,771 

$225,635 

$3,515,118 

$3,442,183 


$72,935 

$593,929 
$3,750,670 
$1,642,266 
$10,512,412 
$21,292,001 
$1,066,163 

$224,885 
$132, 149 

$595,497 


$1,186,878 

$1,842,135 
(») 

(') 

$1,129,891 
(») 

$17,448,098 


» Includes  values  of  electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies  made  by  estab- 
Ushments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 
1899  $^13  397^30"  "^^'^°^"*'°'  **  follows:  1909,  $22,656,530;  1904,  $18,742,033;  and 

» Not  reported  separately. 


Ice,  manufactured. — Table  97  includes  the 
product  of  all  establislunents  engaged  primarily  in 
manufacturing  ice  for  sale,  but  does  not  include 
estabhshments  making  ice  for  their  own  use.  Ice 
made  for  sale  by  establislmaents  engaged  chiefly  in 
some  other  business,  such  as  breweries,  is  reported  in 
a  footnote. 

The  value  of  all  products  of  the  industry  proper 
increased  from  $13,874,513  in  1899  to  $42,953,055  in 
1909,  or  209.6  per  cent.  The  quantity  of  ice  produced 
increased  at  about  the  same  rate,  and  amounted  to 
12,647,949  tons  in  1909. 


Table  97 


MATERIALS. 

Ammonia  used 

Compressor  system — 

Anhydrous — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Absorption  system — 

Anhydrous — 

Pounds 

Cost 

Aqua- 
Pounds 

Cost 

PEODUCTS. 

Total  value 

Tons  (2,000  pounds) . 
Value  (2,000  pouds).. 

Can— 

Tons  (2.000  pounds). 
Value  (2,000  pounds) 

Plate- 
Tons  (2,000  pounds) . 
Value  (2,000  pounds) 

All  other  products 


1909 


$1,021,913 


3,097,191 
$826,222 


369,093 
$100,283 


1,670,698 
$95,408 


>  $42,953,055 

12,647,949 
$39,889,263 

11,671,547 
$37,085,533 

976,402 
$2,803,730 

$3,063,792 


1904 


$613, 138 


11,944,266 
1  $493,524 


136,604 
$37,506 


1,347,561 
$82,108 


1899 


$359,549 


946,666 
$249,838 


109,869 
$29,842 

1,323,454 
$79,869 


:  $23,790,045    >$18,874,513 


7,199,448 
$22,450,503 


6,695,789 
$21,020,547 


603,659 
$1,429,956 


$1,339,542 


4,294,439 
$13,303,874 

4, 139, 704 
$12,863,160 

154,675 
$440,714 

$570,639 


1  Includes  148,373  pounds  of  aqua  ammonia,  costing  $8,755. 

>In  addition,  in  1909,  1,582,259  tons  of  ice,  valued  at  $4,249,790,  and  in  1904, 
814,689  tons,  valued  at  $1,899,912,  were  produced  by  establishments  engaged  pri- 
marily in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  ice. 

3  Includes,  for  puriwses  of  comparison,  products  valued  at  $93,535,  not  included 
in  the  general  tables  for  this  Industry  at  census  of  1900. 

Lumber  and  timber  products. — Beginning  with  1906 
an  annual  canvass  of  forest  products  has  been  made  by 
the  Bureau  of  the  Census  in  cooperation  with  the 
Forest  Service  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  The 
statistics  for  the  year  1909  given  in  the  following  table 
are  compiled  from  this  annual  report;  those  for  1904 
and  1899  are  from  the  regular  census  reports. 

The  totals  for  1909  include  statistics  for  some  smal 
neighborhood  mills  sawing  chiefly  or  exclusively  for 
local  consumption,  also  a  relatively  small  number  of 
estabhshments  using  logs  or  bolts  as  material  and 
engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products 
other  than  those  covered  by  the  classified  lumber  and 
timber  products  industry,  which  classes  are  not  repre- 
sented in  the  totals  for  the  other  two  years.  Detailed 
statistics  for  the  lumber  and  other  forest-products 
industries  will  be  found  in  the  several  annual  reports 
published  by  the  Bureau  of  'the  Census.  The  figures 
given  in  Table  98  can  not  be  compared  with  those 
given  in  Table  110  because  in  the  latter  table  the 
statistics  cover  not  only  the  products  of  the  sawmills, 
shingle  and  lath  mills,  but  also  the  products  of  planing 
mills  operated  independently  of  sawmills,  logging 
camps,  veneer  mills,  and  box  factories. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


509 


Table 

98 


Total  value 

Lumber: 

Total  quantity  (M  feet, board 
measure) 

Total  value 

Softwoods — 

Quantity 

Value 

Yellow  pine — 

Quantity 

Value 

Western  pine — 

Quantity 

Value 

White  pine- 
Quantity 

Value 

Douglas  fir— 

Quantity 

Value 

Hemlock- 
Quantity 

Value 

Spruce- 
Quantity 

Value 

Cypress- 
Quantity 

Value 

Redwood- 
Quantity 

Value 

Cedar- 
Quantity 

Value 

All  other- 
Quantity 

Value 

Bardwoodt— 


1909 


$724,705,760 


1904 


1466,163,662 


^alue. 

Oak- 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Maple- 
Quantity., 
value 

Redgum— 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Chestnut — 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Birch- 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Basswood— 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Elm- 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Cottonwood— 
Quantity.. 
Value 

Ash— 


*alue. 

Hickory- 
Quantity. 
Value 

Walnut— 


*alue. 
Sycamore- 
Quantity 

Value 

All  other- 
Quantity 

Value 

Lath: 

Quantity  (thousands). 

Value 

SIuMles: 

Quantity  (thousands). 
Value 


44,509 
$684,479; 

33,896 
$477,345 

16,277 
$206,505; 

1,499, 
$23,077 

3,900, 
$70,830, 

4,866, 
$60,435, 

3,051 
$42,580, 

1,748, 
$29,561 

955 
$19,549 

521 
$7,720, 

346, 
$6,901; 

740, 
$10, 182; 

10,612 
$207,134 

4,414 
$90,512; 

1,106 
$17,447 

706 
$9,334 

663 
$10,703 

452 

$7,666, 

399, 
$7,781 

347 
$6,088 

265 
$4,794; 

291 
$7, 116, 

333 

$10,283; 

46 
$1,972; 

56 
$834; 

1,528, 
$32,599; 

3,703 
$9,963 

14,907 
$30,262; 


34,135 
$435,708 


27,353 
$319,835; 


11,621 
$114,780, 


1,290, 
$14,686; 


6,332 
$79,594; 


2,928 
$27,862; 


3,268, 
$38,938; 


1,303 
$18,289; 


749 
$13, 115; 


519, 
$6,66i; 


223 
$3,201 


215, 
$2,806, 


6,781 
$115,872 


2,902 
$60,832 


687 
$8,780, 


623 
$5,693; 


243 
$3,366, 


224 
$3,469, 


228, 
$3,845 


268, 
13,732 


321 
$4,797 


169 
$3, 174; 


106 
$2,557 


31 
$1,435, 


18 
$236 


1,166, 
$23,969; 


2,647 
$5,436 


14.547 
$24,009 


1899 


$414,058,487 


327 


» 35, 084 
I  $390, 489 


26,153 
$268,481 


9,658 
$81, 740; 


944, 
$9,163 


7,742 
$98,002; 


1,736, 
$15,050, 


3,420 
$34, 136, 


1,448, 
$16,322 


495 
$6,604; 


360, 
$3,646 


232 
$2,642 


113 

$1,271 


8,634, 
$116,817 


4.438 
$61, 174, 


633, 
$7,495; 


286; 

$2,747 


206, 
*2,764, 


132 
$1,657; 


308; 

$3,954, 


456, 
$5,240, 


415 
$4,303 


269 
$4,263; 


96 
$1,814; 


38 
$1,411 


29 
$327; 


1,323 
$19,662; 


2,523 
$4,698 


12, 102 
$18,809 


548 
300 


312 

884 


021 
102 


027 
120 


466 
052 


069 
626 


731 
530 


124 
544 


120 
599 


636 
500 


746 
279 


909 


017 
705 


« Includes  297,082  M  feet  of  lumber,  board  measure,  valued  at  $5,191,569,  reported 
aa  "other  sawed  products,"  and  not  by  kinds  of  wood. 

Pianos  and  organs  and  materials. — Table  99  includes 
the  statistics  for  pianos  and  organs,  and  materials 
therefor,  but  does  not  include  the  products  of  estab- 
lishments engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of 
jother  musical  instruments.  The  value  of  all  products 
increased  from  $41,024,244  in  1899  to  $89,789,544  in 
1909,  or   118.9  per  cent,  the  increase  being  almost 


wholly  in  the  value  of  pianos  and  player  attachments 
for  pianos.  A  marked  feature  is  the  gain  in  the  num- 
ber of  pianos  with  player  attachments  manufactured, 
the  output  of  which  increased  during  the  period  1904 
to  1909  from  1,868  to  34,495,  or  seventeen  fold. 
A  large  decrease  occurred  between  1904  and  1909 
in  the  number  of  reed  organs  made. 


Table 
99 


Total  value 

Pianos: 

Number 

Value 

Upright- 
Number 

Value 

Without  player  attachment- 
Number 

Value 

For  or  with  player  attach- 
ment- 
Number 

Value 

Grand- 
Number 

Vtdue 

Player  attachments  made  separate 
from  pianos: 

Number 

Value 

Organs: 

Number 

Value 

Pipe- 
Number 

Value 

Reed- 
Number  

Vajue 


Parts  and  materials. 
A II  other  products . . 


1909 


1  $89,789,644 

374,154 
$59,501,225 

365, 413 
$55,402,556 

330,918 
$46,187,555 


34,495 
$9,275,001 

»8,741 
$4,038,669 


10,898 
$1,474,630 

65,335 
$5,309,016 

1,224 
$2,713,587 

64,111 
$2,596,429 

$20,417,762 
$3,086,911 


1904 


1  $66,092,630 

261, 197 
$41,476,479 

253,825 
$37,816,056 

251,967 
$37,397,674 


1,868 
$417,382 

7,372 
$3,661,423 


20,391 
$2,004,266 

113,966 
$6,152,032 

901 
$1,989,979 

113,065 
$4,162,063 

$12,626,892 
$3,832,961 


1899 


1  $41,024,244 

171,011 
$27,002,a52 

166,760 
$25,301,432 

166,536 
$25,256,687 


224 
$44,745 

4,251 
$1,701,420 


6,158 
$607,873 

107,258 
$5,217,261 

564 
$1,177,021 

106,694 
$4,040,240 

\      $8,196,258 


I  In  addition,  in  1909, parts  and  materials  to  the  value  of  $680,188;  in  1904, 1,695 
organs,  valued  at  $140,114;  and  in  1899,  2.')0  pianos,  valued  at  $37,610;  and  1,144 
organs,  valued  at  $59,508,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

>  Includes  a  fey  pianos  with  player  attachments.  , 

Paper  and  wood  pulp. — Table  100  includes  statistics 
for  all  establishments  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wood  pulp  and  in  the  manufacture  of  paper,  either 
separately  or  in  conjunction.  The  total  production 
of  wood  pulp  in  1909  was  2,495,523  tons;  in  1904, 
1,921,768  tons;  and  in  1899,  1,179,535  tons.  The 
percentage  of  increase  for  the  decade  was  111.6. 
Sulphite  fiber  shows  the  highest  rate  of  increase, 
144.6  per  cent.  An  increasing  proportion  of  the  wood 
pulp  is  made  by  establishments  which  themselves 
consume  it  in  making  paper;  in  1909,  63.5  per  cent 
was  so  consumed  by  the  establishments  making  it. 

The  value  of  all  products,  which  includes  some 
duplication,  increased  from  $127,326,162  in  1899  to 
$267,656,964  in  1909,  or  110.2  per  cent.  The  output 
of  paper  products  increased  from  2,167,593  tons  in  1899 
to  4,216,708  tons  in  1909,  or  94.5  per  cent,  and  their 
value  from  $107,909,046  to  $232,741,049,  or  115.7  per 
cent.  Paper  stock  used  for  which  quantities  are  re- 
ported aggregated  4,588,160  tons  in  1909,  of  which 
wood  pulp  formed  61.6  per  cent;  old  and  waste  paper, 
21.4  per  cent;  rags,  7.8  per  cent;  straw,  6.6  per  cent; 
and  manila stock, 2.6  per  cent.  The  tonof  2,000  'pounds 
is  used  for  showing  quantities. 


610 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


Table  lOO 


MATERIAL. 


Total  OOlt. 


Pulp  wood 

Wood  pulp,  purchased: 

Tons 

Cost 

Ground- 
Tons 

Cost 

Soda  fiber- 
Tons 

Cost 

Sulphite  fiber- 
Tons 

Cost 

Other  chemical  fiber- 
Tons 

Cost 

Rags,    including    cotton  and    flax 
waste  and  sweepings: 

Tons 

Cost 

Old  and  waste  papex: 

Tons 

Cost 

Manila  stock,  including  Jute  bagging, 
rope,  waste,  threads,  etc.: 

Tons 

Cost 

Straw: 

Tons 

Cost 


All  other  materials. 


PRODUCTS. 


Total  value 

News  paper: 

In  rolls  for  printing- 
Tons 

Value 

In  sheets  lor  printing- 
Tons 

Value 

Book  paper: 

Book- 
Tons 

Value 

Coated— 

Tons 

Value 

Plate,  lithograph,  map,  wood- 
cut, etc. — 

Tons 

Value 

Cover- 
Tons 

Value 

Cardboard,  bristol  board,  card  mid- 
dles, tickets,  etc.— 

Tons 

Value 

Finepaper: 

Writing- 
Tons 

Value 

AU  other- 
Tons 

Value 

Wrapping  paper: 

Manila  (rope,  jute,  tag,  etc.)— 

Tons 

Value 

Heavy  (mill  wrappers,  etc.)— 

Tons 

Value 

Straw- 
Tons 

Value 


1909 


$160,442,841 

$33,772,475 

1,341,914 
$43,861,357 

452,849 

$9,487,508 

154,626 
$6,862,864 

626,029 
$27, 184, 726 

8,410 
$326,259 


357.470 
$10,721,559 


983,882 
$13,691,120 


117,080 
$3,560,033 

303,137 
$1,460,282 

$58,375,515 


i$867,«6,064 


1,091,017 
$42,807,064 


84,537 
$4,048,496 


575,616 
$42,846,674 


95,213 
$9,413,961 


1904 


6,498 
$555,352 


17,578 
$1,982,853 


51,449 
$3,352,151 


169,125 
$24,906,102 


29,088 
$4,110,536 


73,731 
$6,989,436 


108,561 
$4,380,794 


32,988 
$870,419 


$111,261,478 

$20,800,871 


877, 702 
$27,033,164 


317,286 
$5,754,259 


120,978 
$.5,047,105 


433,1(50 
$16,507,122 


6,278 
$264,678 


294,552 
$8,864,007 


588.543 
$7,430,335 


107.029 
$2,502,332 


304,585 
$1,502,886 


$42,517,283 


$188,715,189 


840,802 
$32,763,308 


72,020 
$3, 143, 152 


434,500 
$31,156,728 


(') 


19,837 
$1,458,343 


22,150 
$2,023,986 


39,060 
$2,764,444 


131,934 
$19,321,045 


14,898 
$2,928,125 


86.826 
$6,136,080 


96,992 
84,035.^)88 


54,232 
$1,389,348 


1899 


$70,530,236 

$9,837,516 


644,006 
$1,8,369,404 


261,962 
$4,301,211 


94,042 
$3,430,809 


273. 194 
$10,112,189 


14,808 
$465,2.55 


234,514 

$6,595,427 


356, 193 
$4,869,409 


99,301 
$2,437,256 

367,305 
$1,395,659 

$27,025,505 


$127,326,162 


464.572 
$15,754,992 


114,640 
$4,336,882 


282,093 
$19,466,804 

(») 


22,366 
$2,018,958 


18, 749 
$1,665,376 


28,494 
$1,719,813 


90,204 
$12,222,870 


22,503 
$3,673,104 


89, 419 
$.5,929,764 

82.875 
$4,143,240 

91,794 
$2,027,518 


PRODUCTS— continued . 

Wrapping  paper— Continued. 

Bogus  or  wood  manila,  all  grades — 

Tons 

Value 

All  other- 
Tons 

Value 

Boards: 

AVood  pulp — 

Tons 

Value 

Straw- 
Tons 

Value 

News- 
Tons 

Value 

All  other- 
Tons 

Value 

Other  paper  products: 

Tissues- 
Tons 

Value 

Blotting— 

Tons 

Value 

Building,  roofing,  asbestos,  and 
shea  thing- 
Tons 

Value 

Hanging — 

Tons 

Value 

Miscellaneous- 
Tons 

Value 

Wood  pulp  made  for  sale  or  for  con- 
sumption in  mills  other  than  where 
produced: 

Ground- 
Tons 

Value 

Soda  fiber- 
Tons , 

Value , 

Sulphite  fiber — 

Tons , 

Value , 


All  other  products 

Wood  pulp. 

Quantity  produced  (Including  that 
used  in  mills  where  manufac- 
tured), total  tons 

Ground,  t^s 

Soda  fiber,  tons 

Sulphite  fiber,  tons 


EQUIPMENT. 

Paper  machines: 

Total  number 

Capacity,  yearly,  tons 

Fourdrinier- 

Number 

Capacity  per  24  hours,  tons. 
Cylinder- 
Number 

Capacity  per  24  hours,  tons. 
Pulp: 

Grinders,  number 

Digesters,  total  number 

Sulphite  fiber,  number 

Soda  fiber,  number 

Capacity,  yearly,  tons  of  pulp... 

Ground,  tons 

Sulphite,  tons 

Soda,  tons 


1909 


367,932 
$19,777,707 


179,855 
$10,202,035 


71,036 
$2,639,496 

171,789 
$3,750,851 

74.606 
$2,215,469 

514,208 
$17,539,768 


77,745 
$8,553,654 

9,577 
$1,186,180 


225,824 
$9,251,368 


92, 158 
$4,431,514 


%,577 
$6,869,169 


310, 747 
$5,649,466 

155,844 
$6,572,152 

444.255 
$17,955,748 

$4,738,549 


2,495,523 

1,179,266 

298,626 

1,017,631 


1,480 
5,293,397 

804 
10,508 

676 
6,316 

1,435 

542 

348 

194 

3,405,621 

1,809,685 

1,250,983 

344,953 


1904 


228,371 
$10,099,772 

177,870 
$8,774,804 


60,863 
$2,347,250 

167,278 
$4,367,560 

38,560 
$1,174,216 

253,950 
$9,070,531 


43,925 
$5,056,438 


8,702 
$1,046,100 


145,024 
$4,845,628 

62,606 
$3,013,404 

106,296 
$6,729,820 


273,400 
$4,323,495 

130,366 
$5,159,615 

376,940 
$13,661,464 

$1,924,195 


1,921,768 
968,976 
196, 770 
756,022 


1,369 
3,857,903 

752 
8,569 

6lV 
4,740 

1,362 

517 

309 

208 

2,644,753 

1,515,088 

885,092 

244,573 


1899 


203,826 
$9, 148, 677 


67,338 
$3,293,174 


44,187 
$1,406,130 

157,534 
$3,187,342 

32, 119 
$930,531 

131,777 
$4,829,316 


28,406 
$3,486,652 

4,351 
$580,750 


96,915 
$3,025,967 

54,330 

$2,265,345 

49,101 

$2,795,841 


280,052 
$4,433,690 

99,014 
$3,612,602 

271,585 
$10,451,400 

$919,415 


1,179,536 
586,374 
177, 121 
416,037 


1,232 
2,782,219 


(') 


(') 


569 


1,168 
426 

(') 
(') 

1,536,431 
(') 
(«) 
(') 


I  Not  repiorted. 


ooverSl  hv'^th«?A,I^St^H^«i^2?.LP"'P  *°  ^^^  ^*'"®  *"  $2,567,267  was  made  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those 
covered  by  the  industry  designation.  »  Not  reported  separately.  >  Not  renortcd. 

Phonographs  and  graphophones.— The  following  table 
gives  comparative  statistics  for  the  manufacture  of 
phonographs  and  graphophones.  The  value  of  all  prod- 
ucts increased  from  $2,246,274  in  1899  to  SI  1,725,996 
in  1909,  or  over  fivefold,  the  bulk  of  the  increase 
being  m  the  first  haK  of  the  decade.  An  important 
feature  of  the  industry  is  the  manufacture  of  records 
and  blanks,  the  value  of  which  formed  42.7  per  cent 

of  the  total  value  of  products  in  1909   45  7  ner  rpnt  in  i^°  addition,  records  and  parts  to  the  value  of  $31,889  were  made  by  estabUsh- 

■I  f^f^A  J  «  ^  t-i  v^^ui^us  ui  J.yu»,  to.  4   per  CeUl  m  ments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered 

1904,  and  24  per  cent  m  1899  by  the  industry  designation. 
X-                  '-^     yjv,i.  » Not  reported. 


Table 

101                    PRODtrCT. 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Total  value 

1  $11,726,996 

344,681 
$5,406,684 

27,183,959 
$5,007,104 

$1,312,208 

$10,237,076 

(») 
$2,966,343 

$4,678,547 
$2,592,185 

$2,246,274 

Phonographs  and  graphophones: 
Number 

(') 
$1,240,503 

(») 
$539,370 

$466,401 

Value 

Records  and  blanks: 

Number 

Value 

All  other  products 

STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


511 


Printing  and  publishing. — The  statistics  for  printing 
and  publishing  given  in  the  following  table  include 
book  and  job  printing  and  publishing;  the  printing 
and  publishing  of  music;  newspapers  and  periodicals; 
bookbinding  and  blank-book  making;  engraving,  in- 
cluding plate  printing;  and  hthograpliing. 

Under  the  head  of  job  printing  is  included  the  job 
printing  done  by  newspaper,  periodical,  and  other 
establishments,  as  well  as  that  of  regular  job-printing 
establishments.  The  value  of  products  reported  for 
the  bookbinding  and  blank-book  industry  includes 
the  value  of  all  products  of  concerns  engaged  primarily 
in  these  branches,  as  well  as  the  value  of  bookbinding 
and  blank  books  reported  by  printing  and  pubUshing 
establishments.  In  like  manner  there  is  included 
under  electrotyping,  engraving,  and  lithographing 
the  value  of  all  products  of  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  these  branches. 

The  value  of  all  products  was  $737,876,087  in  1909, 


$552,473,353  in  1904,  and  $395,186,629  in  1899,  the 
rate  of  increase  for  the  period  1899-1909  being  86.7 
per  cent.  The  income  of  newspapers  and  periodicals 
from  subscriptions,  sales,  and  advertising  was  $337,- 
596,288  in  1909,  as  compared  with  $175,789,610  in 
1899,  the  rate  of  increase  for  the  decade  being  92  per 
cent.  Of  the  total  income  from  these  sources,  that 
from  advertising  formed  60  per  cent  in  1909  and  54.5 
per  cent  in  1899,  having  increased  niuch  faster  than 
that  from  subscriptions  and  sales. 

Newspapers  and  periodicals  increased  in  number 
from  18,793  in  1899  to  22,141  in  1909,  or  17.8  per  cent, 
and  their  aggregate  circulation  increased  53.9  per 
cent.  The  average  circulation  per  issue  was  7,428  in 
1909,  as  compared  with  6,866  in  1904  and  5,688  in 
1899.  The  greatest  relative  increases  in  circulation 
during  the  decade  were  reported  for  dailies  and  month- 
Ues.  In  the  circulation  of  the  latter,  however,  there 
was  a  decrease  between  1904  and  1909. 


Table 
102 


1«0» 


1«M 


Total  value 

Publications: 

Newspapers  and  periodicals 

Subscriptions  and  sales . . 

Advertising 

Newspapers 

Subscriptions  and  sales. . . 

Advertising 

Periodicals 

Subscriptions  and  sales. . .  j 

Advertising | 

Ready  prints,  patent  Insides  and  | 

outslaes I 

Books  and  pamphlets—  ; 

Published,  or  printed  and  | 

published 

Printed  tor  publication  by  | 

others i 

Sheet  music  and  books  of  music—  j 
Published   or   printed   and  j 

published 

Printed  tor  publication  by 

others 

Products  tor  sale  and  In  execution  of 
orders: 

Job  printing 

Book  binding  and  blank  books  . . 
Electrotyping,    engraving,    and 

lithographing 

All  other  products 


$737,876,087      |56S,47S,8S3 


NEWSPAPEBS  AND  PERIODICALS. 


number 

AKregate  circulation 

Byperiod  of  issue: 
Daily  (exclusive  of  Sunday) — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Sunday- 
Number  

Aggregate  circulation 

Semlweekly  and  triweekly — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Weekly- 
Number  


Aggregate  circulation. 

Monthly- 
Number 

Aggregate  circulation. 

All  other — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation. 


By  character: 
News,  politics,  and  family  read- 
ing- 
Number  

Aggregate  circulation 

Religious — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Agrictiltural,  horticultural,  dairy, 
stock  raising,  etc. — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 


$337,596,288 
$135,003,043 
$202,533,245 
$232,993,094 
$84,438,702 
$148,554,392 
$104,603,194 
$50,624,341 
$53,978,853 

$2,293,077 


$62,930,394 
$10,209,509 

$5,510,608 
$1,000,966 


$207,940,227 
$50,552,808 

$47,056,979 
$11,885,141 


SS,141 
164,468,040 


2,600 
24,211,977 

520 
13,347,282 

708 
2,648,308 

15,097 
40,822,965 

2,491 
63,280,535 

725 
20,151,973 


17,698 
61,074,990 


1,251 
29,523,777 


316 
11,327,253 


$256,816,282 

$111,298,691 

$145,517,591 

(•) 


(') 


(') 

$53,312,492 
(«) 

$4,673,685 
0) 


$149,262,070 
$40,788,768 

$35,018,234 
$12,601,822 


21,848 
lM,009,7i!3 


2,452 
19,632,603 


494 
12,022,341 


703 
3,233,658 


15,006 
36,226,717 


2,500 
64,306,155 


14,588,249 


17,032 
53,355,893 

1,287 
22,383,631 


360 
8,106,275 


18M 


$395,186,629 

$175,789,610 
$79,928,483 
$95,861,127 


(') 


$219,397,019 


18,798 
106,889,334 


2,226 
15, 102, 156 


(«) 


3,061,478 

12,979 
34,242,052 

1,817 
37,869,897 

505 
16,613,751 


(•) 


(•) 


(») 


15,506 


307 


NEW8PAPEES    AND     FEBIODICAU— 

continued. 

By  c'larocfer— Continued. 
Commerce,    iinancc,    insurance, 
railroads,  etc. — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Trade  journals  generally — 
Numljer. 


Aggregate  circulation 

General  literature,  includirig 
montlily  and  quarterly  maga- 
zines— 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation , 

Medicine  and  surgery — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Law — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Science  and  mechanics — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Fraternal  orgainizations — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Education  and  history- 
Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Society,  art,  music,  fashions,  etc. — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

College  and  school  iieriodicals — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Miscellaneous — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 


IM9 


Bylan{/uafe: 
English — 

Number , 

Aggregate  circulation 

Foreign  (including  foreign  and 
English)— 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

French— 

Numl^er 

Aggregate  circulation 

German- 
Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Italian — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Scandinavian — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

Letto  Slavic — 

Number 

Aggregate  circulation 

All  other- 
Number  

Aggregate  circulation 


264 
1,411,738 


685 
3,572,441 


340 
31,322,035 

197 
931,584 

56 
151,346 

139 
1, 421, 955 

419 
6,982,235 

202 
1,879,383 

104 
13,445,661 

271 
330, 705 

139 
1,087,937 


20,744 
155,432,243 


1,397 
9,030,797 

39 
446, 739 

692 
4, 434, 146 

104 
500,475 

161 
1,118,601 

169 
917,649 

232 
1,613,187 


1904 


364 

2,470,832 


627 
3,428,596 


328 
30,615,677 


192 
1,054,948 


81 
194,035 


83 
525,523 


450 
5,356,427 


173 
2,119,797 


155 
15,289,431 


178 
248,240 


538 
4,860,518 


20,599 
142,441,068 


1,249 
7,568,655 


46 
252, 135 


700 
3,922,227 


63 
319,450 


162 
1,149,619 


18M 


128 
605,987 


150 
1,319,237 


(•) 


(•) 


(•) 
(•) 
(») 
(•) 
(«) 
(') 
(•) 
(«) 
(») 


190 


520 


239 


111 


62 


66 


200 


139 


293 


17,761 


(») 


(») 


(«) 


(•) 


(•) 


(') 


(•) 


(') 


1,032 


35 


115 


76 


I  Not  reported  separately. 


•  Included  with  circulation  of  dailies. 


'  Not  reported. 


612 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


The  statistics  in  regard  to  the  number  of  books  and 
pamphlets  published  in  1909,  classified  by  character, 
are  given  below.  Comparative  statistics  for  earlier 
censuses  are  not  available. 


Table 
103 


BOOKS  AND  PAMPHLETS. 


Total  ntuttber  published. . . 

Biography,  correspondenco 

Description,  geography,  trav  ol 

Domestic  and  rural 

Education 

Fiction 

Fine  arts,  illustrated  gift  books 

History 

Humor  and  satire 

Juvenile 

Law 

Literature  and  collected  works 

Medical,  hygiene 

Philosophy 

Physical  and  mathematical  science. 

Poetry  and  the  drama 

Political  and  social  science 

Scientific  and  similar  associations. . 

Sports  and  amusements 

Theology  and  religion 

Useful  arts 

Works  of  reference 


Titles  or 
editions. 

Volumes. 

Copies. 

46,739 

64,eso 

161,361,844 

554 

616 

657,464 

847 

952 

4,540,647 

330 

336 

2,023,193 

10,390 

12,159 

41,636,847 

14,606 

15,772 

46,942,399 

541 

587 

2,849,371 

613 

954 

2,923,187 

208 

211 

885,262 

4,167 

4,202 

10,184,030 

535 

862 

1,496,194 

2,047 

3,841 

5,037,972 

681 

738 

1,519,480 

222 

252 

265,077 

291 

307 

356,413 

1,387 

1,574 

1,980,824 

658 

689 

1,862,429 

1,082 

1,141 

1,258,562 

412 

423 

2,430,074 

6,096 

6,639 

23,608,230 

512 

538 

1,104,599 

1,560 

1,927 

7,799,590 

Shipbuilding,  including  boat  bnilding. — The  follow- 
ing table  shows  the  value  of  work  done  on  the  different 
classes  of  water  craft  during  the  several  census  yeQ,rs, 
not  including  that  done  in  Government  establishments, 
and  also  the  value  of  repair  work  and  all  other  prod- 
ucts of  the  shipbuilding  industry.  The  total  value  of 
products  was  lower  in  1909  than  in  1904  or  1899. 


Table 

104                PRODUCT.  1 

1909 

1904 

1899 

Total  value 

>  $73,360,315 

42,310,925 

37,718,018 

4,592,907 

20,800 

3,155,375 

1,416,732 
26,678,643 

4,370,747 

>  982,769,239 

56,121,227 
53,119,935 
3,001,292 

$74,632,277 

V7  71 Q  WS 

Work  done  during  the  year  on  vessels 

»inf1  YtnAts 

Vessels  of  5  gross  tons  and  over. . . 

Boats  of  less  than  5  gross  tons 

Steam 

35,750,473 
1,968,835 

Motor,  gasoline,  electric,  and 
other 

1,879,288 

1,122,004 
22,829,040 

3,818,972 

1,059,365 

909, 470 
23,134,436 

13,678,533 

Sailboats,  rowboats,  canoes, 
scows,  etc 

Repair  work 

AH  other  products 

>  Not  including  work  done  in  Government  shipyards.valued  in  1909  at  825.872.033' 
In  1904,  at  $17,265,469;  and  in  1899,  at  $11,022,312.  ... 

» In  addition,  the  following  items  were  reported  by  establishments  engaged  pri- 
marily m  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry 
designation:  Work  done  on  vessels  of  6  tons  and  over,  launched,  $418,905;  vessels 
buUdmg  but  not  launched,  $30,184;  boats  of  under  5  tons,  $145,155:  and  other  boat 
products  and  repairs,  $182,462;  or  a  total  of  $776,706. 

•In  addition,  the  following  items  were  reported  by  establishments  engaged  pri- 
mejily  m  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry 
ae^gnation:  Work  done  on  vessels  of  5  tons  and  over,  launched,  $463,018;  boats  of 
^KT  Lo     '^'  *^*''>*^;  ^<i  *>tb6r  boat  products  and  repairs,  $46,782;  or  a  total  of 

The  value  of  the  products  of  governmental  shipyards 
in  1909  was  $25,872,033;  in  1904,  $17,265,469;  and  in 
1899,  $11,022,312.  Thus  the  total  value  of  products 
reported  for  all  establishments,  governmental  and  pri- 
vate, was  $99,232,348  in  1909,  $100,034,708  in  1904, 
and  $85,554,589  in  1899.  The  increase  of  $13,677,759, 
or  16  per  cent,  shown  for  the  period  1899-1909,  was 
due  entirely  to  work  of  governmental  establishments. 


The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  vessels  of 
each  class  launched  during  the  census  years  1909,  1904, 
and  1899.  These  figures  are  not  strictly  comparable 
with  those  giving  values  presented  in  the  preceding 
table,  since  the  former  cover  all  work  done  during  the 
year,  both  on  vessels  launched  during  the  year  and  on 
those  not  yet  launched  at  its  close.  The  number  of 
vessels  of  nearly  every  class  was  less  in  1909  than  at 
the  two  preceding  censuses,  but  the  number  of  boats 
increased  greatly,  the  number  made  by  all  establish- 
ments aggregating  8,577,  of  which  number  97.3  per 
cent  were  gasoline  motor  boats. 


Table 
105 


CLASS  OF  VESSELS. 


Vessels  of  5  gross  tons  and  over  launched  dur- 
ing the  year:  i 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Steel  vessels— 

Number 

Gross  tons '. 

Net  tons 

steam — 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Motor- 
Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Sail,  with  and  without  auxlUary— 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Unrigged— 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Wooden  vessels— 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Steam- 
Number  

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Motor — 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Sail,  with  and  without  auxiliary — 

Number 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Unrigged— 

Number ; . . . 

Gross  tons 

Net  tons 

Boats  of  less  than  5  gross  tons,  number  * 

Steam 

Motor 

Gasoline 

Electric 

other 


1909 


8  1,584 
467,219 
381,198 

168 
264,986 
193, 144 


219,617 
159,297 

15 

2,4C6 
2,078 

3 

2,046 
1,735 

44 
30,857 
30,034 

1,426 
212,233 
188,054 

85 
15,016 
9,662 

430 
6,923 
5,146 

116 
16,413 
12,955 

796 
174,881 
160,291 

5  8,677 

8 

8,569 

8,342 

12 

215 


1904 


»2,114 
504,020 
424,708 

155 
164,314 
106,826 

122 
140,047 
93,365 


4,779 
4,591 


8,870 

1,959 
349,706 
317,882 

186 
35,048 
23,365 

307  i. 
3, 157  i . 
2,333  :. 

341 
59,836 
50,483  I 

1,125 
261,665 
241,701 

•3,499 


1899 


2,081 
687, 159 
642,324 

134 
262,616 
186,509 

123 
237,379 
164,313 


0 

21,086 
18,348 

6 

4,062 
3,848 

1,947 
424,643 
355,815 

396 
48,932 
32,846 


3,499 
C) 

(') 


642 
69,209 
61,772 

909 
316,502 
271,198 

1,687 


1,687 


'  Not  including  vessels  launched  in  Government  shipyards  as  follows:  In  1909, 3 
steel  and  28  wooden  vessels,  the  steel  vessels  having  a  total  of  350  gross  tons  and 
the  wooden  a  total  of  1,709  gross  tons,  and  in  1904, 17  steel  and  14  wooden  vessels, 
the  steel  vessels  having  a  total  of  23,850  gross  tons  and  the  wooden  a  total  of  3,402 
gross  tons. 

'  In  addition,  there  were  built  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  mdustry  designation,  8  steel 
and  14  wooden  vessels,  the  steel  vessels  having  a  total  of  5,429  gross  tons  and  the 
wooden  a  total  of  7,106  gross  tons. 

'  In  addition,  there  were  built  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the  manu- 
facture of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation,  3  steel 
and  131  wooden  vessels,  the  steel  vessels  having  a  total  of  408  gross  tons  and  the 
wooden  a  total  of  21,919  gross  tons. 

*  Not  tocluding  53  boats  built  In  Government  shipyards  in  1909  and  52  In  1904. 

»  In  addition,  412  boats  were  built  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  industry  designation. 

«  In  addition,  365  boats  were  built  by  establishments  engaged  primarily  in  the 
manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  Industry  designation. 

'  Not  reported  separately. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


513 


Laundries. —  Steam  laundries  are  not  generally  con- 
sidered as  manufacturing  establishments,  and  there- 
fore statistics  for  them  have  been  excluded  from 
prior  censuses.  Since  the  industry  has,  however, 
developed  so  rapidly,  large  amounts  of  capital  now 
being  invested,  and  many  wage  earners  being  em- 
ployed, it  should  no  longer  be  omitted  from  the  indus- 
trial census.  The  establishments  are  conducted 
according  to  factory^  methods,  and  therefore  the  sta- 
tistics are  associated  with  those  for  the  manufacturing 
industries  of  the  Thirteenth  Census.  They  are  not 
included,  however,  m  the  general  tables  or  in  the 
totals  for  manufacturing  industries. 

During  the  year  1909  there  were  in  the  United  States 
5,186  laundries  operated  by  the  use  of  mechanical 
power.  The  capital  reported  by  these  establishments 
as  invested  in  the  industry  amounted  to  S68, 935,000. 
In  addition,  such  establishments  rent  a  great  deal  of 
property,  the  aimual  rental  paid  by  laundries  for  plant 
and  equipment  amounting  in  1909  to  $2,277,000. 
The  value  of  the  work  done  was  $104,680,086. 

In  addition  to  ascertaining  the  average  number  of 
wage  earners  employed  during  the  entire  year,  the 
census  calls  for  the  actual  number  of  wage  earners,  by 
sex  and  age  periods,  employed  on  December  15,  1909, 
or  the  nearest  representative  day.  On  that  date  there 
were  employed  112,064  wage  earners,  of  whom  31,947, 
or  28.5  per  cent,  were  men;  79,152,  or  70.6  per  cent, 
women;  and  965,  or  0.9  per  cent,  children  under  16 
years  of  age. 

The  following  statement  summarizes  the  statistics: 

Number  of  establishmenta 5, 186 

Capital  invested $68,  935, 000 

Cost  of  materials  used $17,  696, 000 

Salaries  and  wages,  total $53, 007,  747 

Salaries $8, 180,  769 

Wages $44, 826,  978 

Miscellaneous  expenses $14,  483,  497 

Value  of  products  or  amount  received  for  work  done. .  $104,  680, 086 

Employees: 

Number  of  salaried  officials  and  clerks 

Average  number  of  wage  earners  employed  dur- 
ing the  year 

Actual  number  of  wage  earners  employed  on 
Dec.  15,  1909,  or  nearest  representative  day. . 

Men  16  years  and  over ". 

Women  18  years  and  over 

Children  under  16  years — 

Male 

Female 

Primary  power  used,  horsepower 


9,170 

109, 484 

112, 064 
31, 947 
79, 152 


274 

691 

123, 477 


The  number  of  wage  earners  employed  each  month 
and  the  per  cent  which  this  number  represented  of  the 
greatest  number  employed  in  laundries  in  any  month 
were  as  follows: 

72497°— 13 33  + 


Table  106 


January . . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 


WAGE   EARNERS. 


Per  cent 
Number,  of  maxi- 
mum. 


103,746 
103,937 
104,970 
106,422 
108, 1« 
111,313 


90.6 
90.7 
91.6 
92.9 
94.4 
97.2 


July 

August 

September . 
October  . . . 
November . 
December . 


WAGE  EARNERS. 


Number. 


114,211 
114,539 
113,738 
111,500 
110,479 
110,805 


Per  cent 
of  maxi- 
mum. 


99.7 
100.0 
99.3 
97.3 
96.5 
96.7 


The  different  kinds  of  primary  power,  the  number  of 
engines,  and  the  horsepower  used  in  laundries  during 
1909  are  shown  in  the  following  tabular  statement: 


Table  107 

KIND. 

Number 
of  engines 
or  motors. 

Horse- 
power. 

Primary  power,  total 

123,477 

109,870 

105,272 

4,073 

456 

Owned 

4,527 

4,119 

379 

18 

11 

Steam 

Gas 

Water  wheels 

Water  motors 

69 

Rented 

13,607 
11  157 

Electric 

2,401 

other 

2,450 

The  kind  and  amount  of  fuel  used  in  laundries 
shown  in  the  following  statement: 


are 


Table  108                  rj^d. 

Unit. 

Quantity. 

Anthracite  coal 

Tons  (2,240  lbs.)  .. 
Tons  (2,000  lbs.)  .. 
Tons  (2,000  lbs.)  .. 

178,640 

886,734 

14,785 

94,723 

372,586 

2,729,324 

Bitimiinous  coal 

Cx)ke 

Wood 

Oil 

Gas 

1,000  feet 

Small  custom  sawmills  and  gristmills. — Statistics  for 
small  custom  sawmills  and  gristmills  are  not  included 
in  the  general  tables  or  in  the  totals  for  manufactur- 
ing industries,  but  are  presented  in  the  following  sum- 
mary. The  cost  of  materials  and  value  of  products 
for  gristmills  include  an  estimate  of  the  grain  ground, 
but  it  was  impossible  to  estimate  the  value  of  the 
lumber  sawed  in  the  custom  sawmills. 


Table  109 


Number  of  establishments 

Persons  engaged  in  industry 

Proprietors  and  firm  members. . . 

Salaried  employees 

Wage  earners  (average  number) . 
Primary  horsepower 


Capital 

Expenses 

Services , 

Materials 

MLscellaneous . 

Value  of  products. 


Small 

custom 

sawmills. 


4,133 
12,836 

5,702 
44 

7,090 
93,280 


$5,655,145 
2,160,271 
1,696,152 
97,574 
366, 545 
4,515,881 


Small 

custom 

gristmills. 


11,961 

22,596 

15,435 

147 

7,014 

272,763 


$21,258,510 

48,110,565 

1,186,540 

> 46,314,868 

009,157 

'55,115,553 


1  Includes  estimated  value  of  all  grain  ground. 

2  Includes  estimate  of  value  of  products  from  all  grain  ground.  In  addition, 
custom  ground  products,  valued  at  $1 , 1 70,751 ,  were  made  by  establishments  engaged 
primarily  in  the  manufacture  of  products  other  than  those  covered  by  the  indus- 
try designation. 


514  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899. 
NOTBS— The ngures  for  some  industries  do  not  represent  the  total  production,  because  important  establishments  that  manufacture  the  same  class  of  products  may 
^ '  Mmw^'hoiSpowM^tadUKios  powe°^n^  manufacturing  establishments  plus  electric  and  other  power  rented  from  outside  sources;  it  does  not  include  electric 

^''in  th^^UstiM  of  Mwer  for  ?899  there  is  a  dif^rcnee'o?154,7&  horsepower  between  the  total  and  the  sum  of  the  figures  for  the  various  industries.    This  is  due  to  the 
Impo^biUty  of  making  correct  revision  of  the  figures  for  each  industry  for  comparison  with  1904  and  1909. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  no 


All  Indastries. 


Agricultural  implements. 


Artificial     flowers     and 
feathers  and  plumes. 


Artificial  stone  ■ . . 
Artists'  materials. 


Automobiles,    including 
bodies  and  parts. 


Awnings,  tents,  and  sails 


Axle  grease. 


Babbitt  metal  and  solder. 


Bags,  other  than  paper.. . 


Bags,  paper. 


Baking  iMwdersand  yeast 


Baskets,  and  rattan  and 
willow  ware. 


Beet  sugar 

Belting  and  hose,  leather. 


Belting  and  hose,  woven 
and  rubber. 


B  Icycles,  motorcycles,  and 
parts. 


Billiard  tables  and  ma- 
terials. 


Blacking  and  cleansing 
and  polishing  prepara- 
tions. 


Bluing. 


Bone,  carbon,  and  lamp 
black. 


Boots  and  shoes,  includ- 
ing cut  stock  and  find- 
ings. 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1,918 

1," 

2,253 


>  Included  In  "marble  and  stone"  in  1899. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


515 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  llO— Contd. 


Boots  and  shoes,  robber. . 


Boxes,  cigar. 


Boxes,  fancy  and  paper. 


Brass  and   bronze  prod- 
ucts. 


Bread  and  other  bakery 
products. 


Brick  and  tile. 


Brooms  and  brushes  >. 


Butter,  cheese,  and  con- 
densed milk. 


Batter,  reworking 

Battons. 

Galdum  lights. 

Candlest 

Canning  and  preserving. . 


Card  cutting  and  design- 
ing. 


Carpets  and  rugs,  other 
than  rag. 


Carpets,  rag. 


Carriages  and  sleds,  chil- 
dren's. 


Carriages  and  wagons  and 
materials. 


Cars  and  general  shop  con- 
struction and  repairs  by 
s  t  e  a  m-railroacl  com- 
panies. 

Cars  and  general  shop  con- 
straction  and  repairs  by 
s  t  r  e  8  t-railroad    com- 
panies. 

Cars,  steam-railroad,  not 
including  operations  of 
railroad  companies. 

Cars,  street-railroad,  not 
including  operations  of 
railroad  companies. 

Cash  registers  and  calcu- 
lating machines. 


Cement  >. 


Cen- 
sus. 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


Charcoal . 


909  274 

904  297 

315 


949 
796 
729 

1,021 
813 
695 

23,926 
18,226 
14,836 

4,216 
4,634 
5,423 

1,282 
1,316 
1,523 

8,479 
8,936 
9,242 

24 

35 
10 

444 

276 
238 

10 
22 
19 

16 
17 

3,767 
3,168 
2,570 

68 
60 
43 

139 
139 
133 

428 
363 
805 

84 
78 
77 

5,492 
5,588 
6,792 

1,145 
1,140 
1,292 

541 
86 
108 

110 
73 
65 

14 
14 
20 

50 
32 
18 

135 
129 

76 
74 
183 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 

Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 

bCTS. 

18,899 
19,815 

2 

6,852 
7,036 

301 
384 

43,568 
36,194 

816 
786 

45,441 
36,962 

828 
784 

144,322 
109,673 

26,982 
20,037 

86,764 
75,006 

4,286 
5,295 

15,143 
13,958 

1,451 
1,551 

31,506 
25,865 

8,019 
6,801 

418 
526 

10 
32 

18,004 
11,637 

519 
302 

26 
85 

7 
28 

649 
930 

71,972 
66,022 

7 
26 

4,244 
3,460 

702 
834 

79 
72 

34,706 
34,393 

134 
149 

2,688 
2,331 

489 

468 

5,769 
4,379 

50 
52 

82,944 
90,751 

6,213 
6,575 

301,273 
250,199 

2 

23,699 
11,551 

47,094 
36,367 

7 
6 

4,005 
4,997 

1 
3 

9,249 
5,012 

7 
10 

29,511 
18,887 

731 
1,025 

17 
26 

75 

77 

Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


1,287 
822 
483 

436 
370 
216 

3,239 
2,326 
1,368 

3,995 
3,000 
1,813 

17,124 
8,358 
9,167 

4,951 
3,600 
2,426 

1,639 
982 
900 

5,056 
3,507 
2,818 

113 
90 
29 

1,058 
768 


4 

16 
6 

103 


7,760 
5,628 
4,199 


66 
25 

1,265 

1,023 

687 

217 
137 
57 

419 
324 
172 

6,803 
6,294 
5,026 

19,097 
13,329 
7,094 

1,281 
499 
201 

4,001 
2,303 
1,366 

421 
264 
144 

1,777 
923 
327 

2,719 
1,383 

25 
25 
23 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number), 


17,612 
18,991 
14,391 

6,116 
6,282 
4,609 

39,514 
32,082 
27,653 

40,618 
33,168 
27,166 

100,216 

81,278 
60,192 

76,528 
66,021 
61,979 

12,153 
11,426 
10,346 

18,431 
15,557 
12,799 

295 
404 
148 

16,427 

10,567 

8,686 

16 
41 
56 

539 
816 

59,968 
56,944 
67,012 

525 
696 
325 

33,307 
33,221 
28,411 

1,982 
1,736 
1,318 

5,300 
4,003 
2,726 

69,928 
77,882 
73,812 

282,174 
236,870 
173,595 

22,418 
11,052 
7,025 

43,086 
34,058 
33,453 

3,583 
4.730 
3,585 

7,465 
4.079 
2,067 

26,775 
17,478 

631 
923 

1,786 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


26,903 
26.084 
26,017 

6,049 
6,648 
4,274 

23,323 
15,117 
9,286 

106,120 
69,494 
47,257 

65,298 
37,241 
22,472 

341,160 
266.362 
176,700 

8,800 
6,441 
4,482 

101,349 
93,845 
88,062 

1,471 

1,684 

631 

12,831 
6,982 
4,165 

53 
132 
80 


931 

81,179 
60,831 
38,624 

269 
222 
219 

38,553 
33,046 
26,740 

2,651 
1,667 


5,281 
3,633 
2,462 

126,032 
106,159 
83,771 

293,361 
167,973 
95,087 

35,794 
3,154 
6,443 

97,797 
55,994 
33,395 

15, 161 
7,054 
4,865 

6,944 
4,139 
1,340 

3n,799 
149,604 

165 
356 
164 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
P'oducts. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
Jess  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$43,906 
39,442 
33,668 

$1,415 
874 
697 

$8,544 
8,867 
6,427 

5,403 
4,457 
3,288 

471 
333 
172 

2,234 
2,120 
1,440 

35,476 
22,601 
14,979 

3,709 
2,313 
1,269 

14,016 
10,208 
8,152 

109,319 
77,438 
61,120 

6,640 
3,778 
2,297 

23,677 
17,666 
13,699 

212,910 
122,353 
80,902 

13,764 
6.273 
6,063 

59,351 
43.172 
27,864 

174,673 
119,957 
82,086 

5.439 
3,530 
2,025 

37,139 
28,646 
21,883 

18,982 
12,052 
9,616 

1,661 
925 
758 

5,404 
4,380 
3,788 

71,284 
47,256 
36,303 

3,591 

1,376 

912 

11,081 
8,413 
6,146 

3,543 

1,719 

256 

128 
85 
30 

186 
252 
68 

15,640 
7,784 
4,213 

1,299 
711 
296 

6,789 
3,680 
2,826 

66 
144 
96 

4 
12 
6 

U 
24 

24 

2,959 
3,004 

161 
136 

246 
294 

119,207 
79,246 
55,481 

7,864 
5,231 
3,479 

19,082 
16,336 
13,705 

684 
488 
338 

93 
53 
22 

238 
261 
136 

75,627 
56,781 
44,449 

2,209 

1,397 

881 

15,536 
13,724 
11,121 

1,546 

1,100 

867 

182 
87 
30 

860 
675 
443 

6,883 
4,336 
2,907 

490 
341 
159 

2,217 
1,783 
1,090 

175,474 
152,345 
128,962 

7,960 
6,581 
4,759 

37,595 
38,363 
33,565 

238,317 
146,886 
119,473 

17,339 
11,920 
6,208 

181,344 
142,153 
96,007 

38,899 
12,906 
10,782 

1,204 
543 
194 

14,486 
7,013 
4,405 

139,805 
88,179 
88,324 

6,138 
2,&55 
1,538 

27,135 
20.248 
16,087 

14,168 
12, 976 
7,615 

594 
398 
235 

2,177 
2,840 
1,951 

27,224 
7,588 
6,242 

2,736 

1,109 

329 

6,312 
2,442 
1,250 

187, 398 
85,759 

3,653 
1,858 

15,320 
8,814 

641 
717 
811 

23 
22 
16 

253 
343 
431 

$29,577 
32,000 
22,683 

4,313 
3,810 
3,061 

25,716 
16,686 
11,765 

99,228 
6.S,653 
61,189 

238,034 
155,989 
95,052 

23,736 
16,317 
11,006 

15,578 
10,999 
9,544 

235,546 
142,920 
108,841 

7,424 
6,247 
1,345 

9,541 
4,144 
2,803 

24 

35 
36 

2,176 
2,911 

101,823 
83,147 
63,668 

374 
478 
313 

39,503 
37,948 
27,229 


489 
622 

4,129 
2,840 
1,996 

81,951 
77,528 
66,772 

199,413 
151,105 
109,472 

15,168 
5,463 
4,337 

78, 753 
75.657 
61,743 

4,260 
5,341 
3,967 

3,552 

1,516 

921 

29,344 
12,215 

448 
612 
405 


$49, 721 
70,065 
41,090 

8,491 
7,786 
5,857 

54,450 
36,867 
27,316 

149,989 
102,407 
88,654 

396,865 
269,583 
175,369 

92, 776 
71,152 
51,270 

29,126 
21,104 
18,484 

274,558 
168,183 
130,783 

8,200 
7,271 
2,115 

22,708 
11,134 
7,696 

52 
135 
119 

3, 1.30 
3,889 

157, 101 
130,466 
99,335 

1,031 

1,083 

618 

71,188 
61,586 
48,192 

2,568 
1,918 
1,755 

8,805 
6,371 
4,290 

159,893 
155,869 
138,262 

405,601 
309,775 
218,114 

31,963 
13,437 
9,371 

123, 730 
111,175 
90,510 

7,810 
10,844 
7,305 

23,708 
9,875 
5,675 

63,205 
29,873 

872 
1,292 
1,134 


$20,144 
38,065 
18,407 

4,178 
3,976 
2,796 

28,734 
20,181 
15,551 

50,761 
36, 754 
27,466 

158,831 
113,594 
80,317 

69,040 
54,835 
40,264 

13,548 
10, 105 
8,940 

39,012 
25,263 
21,942 

776 

1,024 

770 

13,167 
6,990 
4,893 

28 
100 
84 

954 
978 

5.5,278 
47,319 
35,667 

657 
605 
305 

31,625 
23,038 
20,963 

1,879 
1,429 
1,133 

4,676 
3,531 
2,294 

77,942 
78,341 
71,490 

206,188 
158,670 
108,642 

16,795 
7,974 
5,034 

44,977 
35,518 
28,767 

3,550 
5,503 
3,338 

20,156 
8,359 
4,754 

33,861 
17,658 

424 

650 
729 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
e.irners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


-7.3 
32.0 


-2.7 
36.3 


23.2 
16.0 


22.5 
22.1 


23.3 
35.0 


15.9 
6.5 


6.4 
10.4 


18.5 
21.6 


-27.0 
173.0 


55.5 
21.7 


-63.4 
-25.5 


-33.9 


5.3 
-0.1 


-24.6 
114.2 


0.3 
16.9 


14.2 
31.7 


32.4 
46.8 


-10.2 
6.6 


19.1 
36.4 


102.8 
57.3 


26.5 
1.8 


-24.2 
31.9 


83.0 
97.3 


63.2 


-31.6 

-48.3 


1  Includes  898  establishments  reported  as  "brooms"  and  384  as  "brushes"  in  1909. 


'  Included  In  "soap"  in  1899. 


» Included  in  "lime"  in  1899. 


616 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES.  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  no— Contd. 


Chemicals  i. 


China  decorating. 


Chocolate  and  cocoa 
products. 


Clocks  and  watches,  in- 
cluding cases  and  mate- 
rials. 

Cloth,  sponging  and  re- 
flnishing. 


Clothing,  horse. 


Clothing,  men's,  button- 
holes. 


Clothing,  men's,  includ- 
ing shirts. 


Clothing,  women's. 


CofTee  and  spice,  roasting 
and  grindmg." 


Coffins,  burial  cases,  and 
undertakers'  goods. 


Coke. 


Confectionery. 


Cooperage  and  wooden 
goods,  not  elsewhere 
specified. 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet- 
iron  products. 


Cordage  and  twine  and 
jute  and  linen  goods. 


Cordials  and  sirups. 


Cork,  cutting. 


Corsets. 


Cotton  goods,  including 
cotton  small  wares. 


Crucibles. 


Cutlery  and   tools,   not 
elsewhere  specified. 

Dairymen's,  poulterers', 
and  apiarists'  supplies.^ 

Dentists'  materials 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish, 
ments. 


349 
275 
433 

40 

28 
49 

27 
25 
24 

120 
97 
109 

57 
65 
46 

33 
29 
26 

146 
141 
149 

6,354 
5,145 
6,419 

4,558 
3,351 
2,701 

607 
421 
458 

284 
239 
217 

315 
278 
241 

1,944 

1,348 

962 

1,693 
1,719 
1,798 

4,228 
2,540 
1,985 

164 
145 

160 

117 
63 
39 

62 
50 
62 

138 
109 
138 

1,324 
1,154 
1,055 

12 
11 
11 


838 
721 


233 

176 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


27,791 
22,707 


436 
273 


3,404 
2,396 


25,439 
23,891 


1,167 
922 


1,830 
1,168 


1,031 

1,075 


271.437 
19C.366 


179,021 
131,538 


13, 516 
9,245 


11,448 
9,797 


31,226 
20,440 


54,854 
42, 729 


29,717 
31, 133 


86,934 
60, 713 


27,214 
26,442 


3, 376 
3,080 


19,611 
11,948 


387, 771 
323,287 


398 
340 


37, 161 
29,004 


6,4.31 
3,273 

1,982 
2,291 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


181 
164 


8,502 
7,006 


6,482 
4,913 


497 
442 


161 
168 


101 
73 


1,832 
1,3G6 


1,760 
1,853 


4,423 
2,851 


377 
432 


814 

827 


206 
165 


79 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees 


3,923 
2,778 
2,123 

63 
18 
31 

568 
291 


1,529 

1,249 

676 

125 
59 
39 

142 
73 
55 

20 


23,239 
15,671 
11,906 

18, 796 
10, 920 
6,715 

5,529 
2,844 
2,749 

1,948 
1,161 


1,852 

1,386 

915 

8,384 
5,124 
4,304 

1,688 
1,537 


8,896 
4,827 
2,924 

1,314 
1,050 


449 
171 
112 

185 
136 
136 

1,956 
877 
815 

8,514 
6,981 
4,902 


3,351 

1,989 
1,464 

1,354 
500 

340 

290 
182 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number) 


23, 714 
19,806 
19,020 

328 

225 
298 

2,826 
2,090 
1,314 

23,857 
22,579 
17, 155 

975 
795 
634 

1,648 

1,063 

575 

830 
903 
944 

239, 696 
173, 689 
157,549 

153, 743 
115, 705 
83, 739 

7,490 
5, 9.59 
6,387 

9,339 

8,468 
6,840 

29,273 

18, 981 
16,999 

44,638 
36, 239 
26,866 

26,269 
27,743 
25,323 

73, 615 
53,035 
38,317 

25,820 
25,332 
21,651 

1,095 
660 
362 

3,142 
2,895 
2,340 

17,564 
10,975 
12,297 

378,880 
315,874 
302,861 

335 
280 
671 

32,996 

26, 188 
19,642 

4,871 
2,608 

1,573 
1,922 
1,017 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


208,604 
132, 262 
90,349 


10, 593 
5,217 
2,756 

14, 957 
10, 731 
7,251 

704 
322 
109 

1,454 
656 

271 

176 
137 
113 

42,725 
29,829 
20,457 

22,294 
14, 916 
9,962 

22,334 
16, 703 
16,270 

16,490 
13, 178 
8,927 

62,602 
66,669 
34, 767 

35,870 
24,292 
19, 410 

65,108 
56,988 
38,462 

62,366 
30,229 
28,829 

78,549 
66,244 
47,999 

1,1.54 
782 
573 

3, 746 
2,589 
1,563 

4,581 
3,284 
3,638 

1,296,517 
986, 604 
796,834 

816 
627 
760 

68,294 
54,397 
38,283 


3,994 

865 

1,113 

375 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1  Includes 
*  Includes 
» Included 


$155,144 
96,621 
89,069 

559 
261 


13.685 
8,379 
6,891 

57,500 
42, 189 
31,514 

629 
401 


3,279 

1,499 

654 

225 
262 
247 

275. 320 
176,557 
140, 191 

129,301 
73,948 
48,432 

46,042 
38, 735 
28,437 

25,843 
18,632 
1.3,585 

152,321 
90,713 
36,503 

68,326 
43,125 
26,319 

50,342 
36, 756 
25,602 

217, 532 
147, 608 
49, 679 

76,020 
66,467 
43, 153 

4,804 
1,666 
1, 153 

6.327 
4,009 
2,684 

18,033 
9,589 
7,290 

822,238 
613,111 
467, 240 

2,051 
1.577 
1,844 

67.380 
43, 729 
30, 152 

15.188 
6,030 

6,258 
4,681 
2,112 


$6,137 
4,048 
2,923 

$14,085 
10,790 
9,393 

80 
16 
21 

191 
99 
122 

970 
463 
371 

1,269 
822 
526 

2,181 

1,638 

957 

12.944 
11.892 
8,315 

127 
62 
35 

651 
604 
268 

171 
72 

47 

492 
342 
177 

12 
5 
6 

389 
380 
332 

26,723 
15, 740 
12,032 

106,277 
68,459 
56, 391 

20,418 
9,976 
6,574 

78,568 
51,180 
32,686 

6,596 
3, 216 
2,951 

3,676 
2,830 
2,487 

2,411 
1,345 
1,023 

4,633 
4,120 
3,077 

2,072 

1,247 

797 

16,454 
9,304 
7,086 

9,137 
4.840 
3,525 

15,615 
11,699 
8,020 

2,047 

1,752 

963 

11,715 
11,843 
9,860 

10,288 
6,070 
2,810 

39,601 
26,269 
16,924 

1,863 
1,597 
1,021 

9,133 

8,824 
6,554 

627 
242 
121 

603 
235 
117 

267 
198 
196 

1,098 
888 
688 

2,871 

1,010 

966 

6,464 
.3,600 
3,646 

14,412 
10, 2,38 
7,350 

132.859 
96,206 
86,690 

130 
116 
154 

180 
159 
251 

4,182 
2,333 
1,606 

17,581 
13,125 
9,434 

1,416 
359 

2,671 
1,167 

545 
334 

184 

744 
949 
509 

■'sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acids"  and  "wood  distillation,  not 
'peanuts,  gradmg,  roasting,  cleaning,  and  shelling"  in  1899. 
m  other  classifications  in  1899. 


$117,689 
75,222 
62,637 

786 
327 
485 

22,390 
14.390 
9,666 

35.197 
29,790 
22,110 

1,644 

1,053 

566 

4,135 
2,140 
1,305 

781 
700 
681 

568,077 
406,768 
323, 8.39 

384,762 
247,662 
159, 340 

110.5.33 

84, 188 
69, 527 

24, 526 
20,266 
13,952 

95, 697 
61,729 
35,586 

134, 796 

87,087 
60,644 

60, 248 
57,956 
42,025 

199,824 
119,933 
78,359 

61,020 
64,064 
49,078 

9,662 
3.510 
2,107 

5.940 
4.491 
4,392 

33, 257 
14,802 
14, 451 

628.392 
450. 468 
339,200 

1,849 
1,343 
2,607 

53,266 
39,022 
28, 146 

15, 463 
6,545 

10,8.36 
7,810 
3,721 

including  turpentine  and  rosin"  in  1899. 


$64, 122 
42,063 
34,546 

311 

108 
207 

15,623 
9,723 

6,877 

11,131 

9.872 
8,819 

85 
39 
17 

2,773 
1,329 


105 
95 


297,515 
211,433 
168, 169 

208,788 
130,720 
84,705 

83,205 
66,847 
55,112 

11,964 
9,601 
6,946 

64,025 
29,885 
19,666 

81,161 
48,810 
35,354 

36,928 
34, 971 
23, 619 

112,582 
63,921 
42,602 

40,915 
46,031 
33,064 

6,341 
2,149 
1,505 

3,435 
2,459 
2,404 

16,640 
6, 1,35 
6,357 

371,009 
286,255 
176, 552 

1,089 

702 

1,673 

18, 279 
13,278 
9,748 

6,089 
3,203 

8,101 
5,510 
2.109 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


$53,  .567 
33, 159 
28,091 

475 
219 

278 

6  867 
4,667 
2,789 

24,066 
19.918 
13,291 

1,459 

1.014 

549 

1,362 
811 
457 

676 
605 
683 

270,562 
195,335 
155, 670 

175.964 
116,942 
74,635 

27,328 
18,341 
14,415 

12,562 
10,765 
7,007 

31,672 
21,844 
15,919 

53,645 
38,277 
25,290 

23,320 
22,985 
18,406 

87,242 
56,012 
35, 757 

20,105 
18,633 
16,014 

4,321 

1,361 

602 

2,505 
2,032 
1,988 

17,617 
8,727 
8,094 

257,383 
104,213 
162,648 

70O 
581 
934 

34,987 
25, 744 
18,398 

9,374 
3,342 

2,735 

2,300 
1,612 


19.7 
4.1 

56.5 
20.1 

45.8 
-24.5 

140.4 
-32.8 

35.2 
59.1 

55.6 
48.9 

5.7 
31.6 

18.2 
34.7 

22.6 
48.9 

46.6 
86.0 

55.0 
84.9 

93.2 
64.0 

-8.1 
-4.3 

11.6 

2.8 

38.0 
10.2 

39.7 
25.6 

32.9 
38.2 

55.4 
66.4 

25.7 

-■5. 7 

31.3 
21.1 

10.3 
23.8 

21.0 
46.3 

54.2 
11.7 

85.0 
45.4 

23.2 
34.9 

64.8 
43.6 

-5.3 
9.6 

4.0 
37.9 

38.8 
38.4 

66.6 
5.3.1 

1.9 
17.0 

-5.6 
31.8 

65.9 
82.3 

175.3 
66.6 

8.5 
23.7 

32.3 
2.3 

60.0 
-10.8 

123.8 
2.8 

19.9 
4.3 

39.5 
32.8 

19.6 
-68.3 

37.7 

-48.5 

26.0 
33.3 

36.5 
38.6 

86.8 

136.3 

-18.2 
89.0 

38.7 
109.9 

STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


517 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  no— Contd. 


Drug  grinding. 


Dyeing  and  finishing  tex- 
tUes. 


Dyestuffs  and  extracts . . . 


Electrical  machinery,  ap- 
I>aratus,  and  supplies. 


Electroplating. 


Emery  and  other  abrasive 
wheels. 


Enameling    and    Japan- 
ning.' 


Engravers'  iiiut«rlals. 


Engraving  and  diesinUng 


Engraving,  wood . 


Explosives. 


Fancy  articles,  not  else- 
where specified. 


Fertilizers. 


Files. 


Firearms  and  ammuni- 
tion. 


Fire  extinguishers,  chem- 
ical. 


Fireworks. 


Flags,  banners,  regalia, 
society  badges,  and  em- 
blems. 


Flavoring  extracts 

Flax  and  hemp,  dressed . 


Flour-mill  and  gristmill 
products. 


Food  preparations. 


Foundry  and  machine- 
shop  products.* 


Foundry  supplies 

Fuel,  manufactiu^d ' 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
Ush- 
ments. 


25 
27 
26 

426 
360 


107 
98 

77 

1,009 
784 
581 

461 
312 
302 

51 
34 
34 

108 
124 

167 

18 
10 
11 

253 

305 
277 

82 
114 
144 


124 

97 

494 
435 
496 

550 
399 
422 

67 
62 
86 

66 
62 
65 

31 
35 
17 

42 
34 
46 

211 
171 
145 

420 
377 
350 

16 
17 
4 

11,691 
10,051 
9,476 

1,213 
766 
645 

13,253 
10,765 
11,046 

49 
34 
30 


PEESONS  ENQAGED  DT  INDUSTEY. 


Total. 


1,152 
1,111 


47,303 
38,071 


3,015 
3,150 


105,600 
71,485 


3,558 
2.458 


2,446 
1,000 


2,418 
10,657 


1,782 
2,100 


480 
505 


7,058 
7,113 


14,194 
11,748 


21,950 
16,091 


4,521 
3,450 


16,042 
14,400 


300 
267 


1,567 
1,637 


4,522 
3,517 


2,634 
2,599 


216 
246 


66,054 
59,623 


20,965 
14, 739 


615,485 
502,185 


710 
414 


112 


Pro. 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


318 
310 


439 
400 


554 
371 


105 
99 


300 
352 


129 


477 
483 


323 
294 


207 
169 


377 
384 


14,570 
13,098 


1,131 
749 


9,851 
9,370 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


214 
107 
102 

2.939 
2,196 
1,318 

553 
361 
229 

17,905 
10,619 
5,067 

287 
144 
115 

483 
188 
125 

188 
595 
307 

47 
6 
13 

174 
175 

75 

73 
38 
22 

763 
1,289 

768 

1,526 

1,066 

875 

3,317 
1,613 
1,712 

316 

109 
127 

1,297 
728 
432 

95 
66 
47 

142 
132 
136 

743 
476 
306 

1,028 
672 
594 

30 
15 
12 

12,031 
7,415 
5,522 

4,866 
2,657 
1,538 

74,623 
49,406 
34,286 

219 
77 
75 
22 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number), 


922 
981 
641 

44,046 
35,565 
29,776 

2,397 
2,707 
1,647 

87,256 
60,466 
42,013 

2,717 
1,943 
2,086 

1,943 
801 
546 

2,125 
9,963 
7,835 

129 

49 
76 

1,308 

1,573 

964 

318 
338 
336 

6,274 
5,800 
4,502 

12, 191 
10,199 

8,451 

18,310 
14,184 
11,581 

4,158 
3,276 
3,160 

14,715 
13,634 
9,713 

195 

178 
64 

1,403 
1,480 
1,638 

3,572 
2,872 
2,078 

1,229 
1,543 
1,251 

164 
214 
211 

39,453 
39, 110 
32,226 

14,968 
11,333 
8,214 

531,011 
443,409 
426,985 

464 
315 
278 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


3,322 
2,866 
4,697 

107,746 
84,868 
69,238 

22,213 
17,671 
11,409 

158,768 
105,376 
43,674 

4,461 
2,588 
2,933 

4,005 
1,965 
1,044 

1,605 
7,856 
3,052 

549 
135 
105 

768 

1,032 

616 

39 
45 
47 

28,601 
29.665 
19, 195 

8,310 
5,886 
4,386 

64,711 
47,989 
38,680 

7,383 
6,697 
4,836 

17,840 
21,408 
7,470 

215 
140 
26 

517 
347 
219 

1,173 
949 
435 

1,060 
873 
704 

1,147 
600 
187 

853,584 
775,318 
670, 719 

55,166 
28,162 
15,485 

869,305 
606,165 
443,085 

4,995 
3,543 
3,505 

1,290 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
uroducls 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$5,187 
4,991 
2,838 

S268 
155 
127 

$464 
483 
292 

114,093 
88,709 
60,643 

5,035 
3,407 
2,267 

21,227 
15.469 
12,726 

17,935 
14,904 
7,839 

942 
609 
312 

1,291 
1,264 

788 

267,844 
174,066 
83,660 

20,193 
11,091 
4,632 

49,381 
31,842 
20,579 

2,324 
1,287 
1,322 

243 
132 
93 

1,652 

1,093 

949 

6,231 
2,249 
1,490 

667 
217 
127 

1,156 
451 
303 

2,880 
18,571 
9,302 

204 
814 
309 

922 
3,830 
2,334 

393 

98 
101 

68 
11 
22 

90 
31 
45 

1,449 

1,211 

720 

168 
160 
63 

821 

1,032 

543 

193 
185 
231 

82 
42 
23 

259 
245 
206 

60,168 
42,307 
19,466 

1,134 

1,797 

914 

4,304 
3,309 
2,384 

15,768 
9,501 
6,854 

1,728 

1,037 

739 

5,096 
4,080 
3,023 

121,537 
68,917 
60,686 

4,406 
1,934 
2,125 

7,477 
5,127 
4,185 

10,413 
5,866 
3,858 

338 
170 
154 

1,978 
1,514 
1,277 

39,377 
22,493 
13,635 

1,920 

1,100 

614 

8,427 
7,755 
5,103 

527 
338 
137 

134 
59 
39 

127 
108 
33 

2,209 
1,543 
1,086 

217 
141 
146 

579 
536 
507 

5,781 
3,916 
2,406 

710 
482 
259 

1,489 

1,128 

620 

5,341 
4,405 
3,314 

1,082 
698 
654 

558 
653 
478 

785 
239 
72 

29 
9 

7 

64 
60 
46 

349, 152 
265,117 
189,281 

12,517 
7,352 
5,258 

21,464 
19,822 
16,285 

64,685 
51,784 
21,401 

5,865 
2,999 
1,495 

7,043 
4,398 
3,099 

1,514,332 

1,034,135 

790, 741 

93,795 
59,703 
39,318 

321,521 
246,573 
219,870 

2,688 

1,516 

982 

255 
73 
79 

276 
156 
136 

432 

22 

50 

S3, 454 
3,024 
3,315 

35,261 
19,621 
17,958 

9,684 
6,829 
4,746 

108,566 
66,837 
49,458 

1,205 
747 

784 

2,651 
705 
509 

1.496 
7,394 
5,522 

609 
96 
142 

351 
376 
203 

126 
60 
63 


$6,007 
5,146 
4,308 

83,556 
50,850 
44,963 

15,955 
10,893 
7,351 

221,309 
140,809 
92,434 

4,510 
2,905 
2,720 

6,711 
2,062 
1,382 

3,316 
16.316 
10,194 

921 
171 
282 

2,250 
2,422 
1,468 

711 
648 
614 


22,812 
17,204 
10,335 

40,140 
29,003 
17,125 

10,361 

7,5,37 
5,943 

22,6.32 
17,594 
12,896 

69,522 
39,288 
28,958 

103,960 
50,541 
44,657 

1,596 
1,311 
1,166 

5,691 
4,392 
3,404 

17,021 
12,339 
8,742 

34,112 
28,206 
18,472 

305 

229 

71 

754 
582 
218 

896 
769 
628 

2,269 
1,987 
1,786 

3,810 
2,506 
2,144 

8,114 
5,608 
4,088 

4,458 
3,936 
3,291 

8,828 
7,772 
6,308 

336 
233 
91 

467 
347 
159 

767,576 
619,971 
428,117 

883,584 
713,033 
501,396 

83,942 
37,068 
24,777 

125,331 
61,180 
39,837 

540,011 
367,412 
363,036 

1,228,475 
880,514 
798,454 

1,272 
625 
628 

2,298 
1,059 
1,129 

155 

311 

$2,553 

2,122 

993 

48,295 
31,229 
27,005 

6,271 
4,064 
2,605 

112,743 
73,972 
42,976 

3,305 
2,218 
1,936 

4,060 

1,357 

873 

1,820 
8,922 
4,672 

312 
75 
140 

1,899 
2,046 
1,265 

585 
588 
551 

17,328 
12,399 
6,790 

12,271 
10,057 
6,953 

34,438 
17,253 
15.699 

4,096 
3,081 
2,238 

17,091 

15,867 
9,730 

449 
353 
147 

1,373 
1,218 
1,157 

4,304 
3,102 
1,944 

4,370 
3,836 
3,017 

131 
114 

68 

116,008 
93,062 
73,279 

41,389 
23,512 
15,060 

688,464 
513, 102 
435,418 

1,026 
434 
501 

156 


PEE  CEKT  OF 
INCBEASE. 


Wage 
fiamp.r.<! 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


>  Totals  for  1899  and  1904  include  some  establishments  classed  as  "copper,  tin,  and  sheet-Iron  products,"  in  1909. 

'  Includes  "locomotives,  not  made  by  railroad  companies,"  and  "stoves  and  furnaces,  not  including  gas  and  oil  stoves,"  in  1899. 

»  None  reported  in  1904  or  1899. 


-6.0 
52.3 


23.8 
19.4 


-11.5 
64.4 


44.3 
43.9 


39.8 
-6,9 


142,6 
46,7 


-78.7 
27.2 


163.3 
-35.5 


-16,8 
63,2 


-5.9 
0.6 


8.2 


19.5 
20.7 


29.1 
22.5 


26.9 
3.7 


7.9 
40.4 


9.6 
178.1 


-5.2 


24.4 
38.2 


-20.4 
23.3 


-23.4 
1.4 


0.9 
21.4 


32.1 
38.0 


19.8 
3.8 


47.3 
13.3 


518  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued, 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  no— Contd. 


•»rf\TTOii»tiir 


Fur  goods 

J'umisbing  goods,  men's 


Tumltore  and  refriger- 
ators. 


Fiirs,  dressed. 


Qalvanlzing. 


Gas  and  electric  fixtures 
and  lamps  and  reflect- 
ors. 

Qas,  illuminating  and 
heating. 


Glass. 


Glass,  cutting,  staining, 
and  ornamenting. 


Gloves     and     mittens, 
leather. 


Glucose  and  starch. 


Glue. 


Gold  and  silver,  leaf  and 
foU. 


Gold  and  silver,  reducing 
and  refining,  not  from 
the  ore. 

Graphite  and  graphite  re- 
fining. 


Grease  and  tallow. 


Grindstones.. 


Hidrdothi. 
Hair  work . 


Hammocks. 


Hand  stamps  and  stencils 
and  brands. 


-Hat  and  cap  materials . 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


"Hats  and  caps,  other  than    1909 
felt,  straw,  and  wool.  2  !  1904 
1899 


Hats,  fur-felt. 
Hats,  straw'. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


Num- 
ber of 

ments. 


1,241 
867 
734 

900 
647 
457 

3,155 
2.593 
1,909 

93 
85 
92 

46 
36 
28 

619 
405 
377 

1,296 
1,019 

877 

363 
399 
355 

583 
453 
411 

377 
339 
394 

118 
140 
132 

65 
58 
61 


11 
11 

353 
300 

287 

14 
23 
25 

14 

250 
125 
158 

15 
14 
13 

361 
327 
360 

74 
65 
70 

494 
415 
644 

273 
216 
171 


68 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


16, 152 

11,787 


43,935 
30,476 


144,140 
125,093 


1,472 
1,324 


1,689 
1,457 


22,906 
14,653 


51,007 
40,043 


72,573 
67,105 


11,090 
9,626 


12,950 
11,712 


5,827 
5,409 


3,840 
3,258 


1,553 
1,594 


690 
439 


262 
257 


5,504 
4,415 


1,485 
766 


4,383 
1,137 


325 
316 


2,539 
2,149 


2,618 
2,615 


7,609 
7,617 


27,091 
23,666 


9,704 
6,084 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


1,717 
1,245 


1,022 


2,657 
2,286 


115 
109 


431 
334 


277 

71 


617 
504 


458 
427 


86 
111 


108 
106 


364 
306 


298 
148 


375 
363 


264 
252 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees 


2,508 
1,172 
1,141 

4,431 
2,697 
2,149 

13,031 
8,642 
6,751 

116 
110 
46 

2;6 
167 
52 

3,614 
1,749 
1,294 

13,515 
9,406 
5,904 

3,575 
3,040 
2,268 

1,111 
743 
475 

1,138 
640 
659 

968 
619 
553 

530 
352 
159 

62 
86 
35 

173 
95 
76 

96 
33 
16 

783 
481 
256 

85 
50 
60 


551 
126 
44 

39 
26 
21 

513 
280 
171 

188 
114 
50 

720 
418 
643 

1,763 

1,367 

726 

799 
438 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
nimiber), 


11,927 
9,370 
7,768 

38,482 
27,185 
30,322 

128, 452 
114, 165 
90,591 

1,241 

1,105 

835 

1,447 

1,256 

535 

18,861 
12,570 
11,238 

37,215 
30,566 
22,459 

68,911 
63,969 
62,818 

9,362 
8,379 
4,914 

11,354 
10,645 
14,345 

4,773 
4,679 
5,943 

3,265 
2,864 
1,618 

1,383 
1,402 
1,163 

456 
287 
219 

162 
218 
137 

4,357 
3,628 
2,040 

1,394 

706 

1,167 


3,534 
8&3 
820 

272 
271 
339 

1,651 
1,506 
1,470 

2,367 
2,414 
1,371 

6,201 
6.594 
12,544 

25,064 
22,047 
18,880 

8,814 
6,567 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


2,120 

1,994 

907 

12, 116 
5,421 
3,552 

221,451 
169, 774 
119,608 

2,103 
1,260 
1,063 

1,367 

1,603 

409 

15,862 
8,444 
6,991 

128,350 
73, 101 
31,797 

123, 132 
91,476 
52,943 

4,897 
3,973 
2,098 

2,889 
2,725 
2,165 

28,257 
35,986 
26,642 

15,596 
14,280 
6,806 

259 

278 
149 

1,735 

1,008 
705 

1,472 
922 

805 

14,613 
11,738 
8,031 

5,700 
2,602 
2,677 

995 

218 
62 
23 

157 
171 
113 

903 
721 
462 

2,922 
2.239 
1,770 

990 

797 

3,252 

19, 245 
16,630 
11,843 

3,482 
2,366 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Kxpressed  in  thousands. 


$29,249 
17,990 
12,484 

49,009 
28,044 
20,576 

227, 134 
158,986 
109,267 

1,672 

1,296 

798 

4,197 
2,690 
1,776 

36,835 
28,002 
15,855 

915,537 
725,035 
567,001 

129,288 
89, 389 
61,424 

10,2% 
7,365 
4,001 

16,909 
10,706 
9,090 

38,866 
24,053 
52,083 

14, 289 
10,673 
6,144 

1,184 
1,072 
1,087 

3,894 
2,326 
1,944 

1,786 
478 
411 

16,676 
10,284 
7,071 

4,939 

1,869 

903 

2,281 

4,716 

1,132 

760 

344 
290 
308 

2,439 
1,915 
1,736 

6,183 
4,265 
1,744 

5,275 
4,185 
8,394 

35,734 
23,268 
16,7(U 

11,538 
6,036 


$2,553 
1,229 
1,006 

5,210 
2,158 
2,188 

15,501 
9,524 
6,692 

135 
110 
49 

257 
192 
47 

4,340 
2,198 
1,492 

12,385 
8,464 
5,273 

4,994 
3,940 
2,792 

1,295 
776 
487 

1,256 
585 
547 

1,413 
655 
732 

747 
465 
192 

78 
85 
36 

249 
127 
83 

115 
30 
21 

991 
583 
266 

159 
81 


434 
98 
33 

34 
27 
16 

433 
224 
141 

231 
127 
60 

783 
436 
675 

2,097 

1,488 

944 

1,427 

487 


$7,788 
5,123 
3,927 

15,093 
8,7C0 
9,730 

65,618 
51,788 
30,920 

806 
755 

478 

787 
620 
229 

10,393 
6,408 
5,188 

20,931 
17,058 
12,436 

39,300 

37,288 
27,085 

6,249 
4,359 
2,394 

4,764 
3,840 
4,183 

2,666 
2,641 
2,855 

1,571 

1,529 

685 

637 
663 
499 

346 
206 
141 


108 
64 

2,629 
2,114 
1,067 

638 
275 
407 

252 

1,610 
335 

287 

95 
91 
102 

952 
797 


947 
849 
434 

3,421 
3,354 
5,025 

14,223 
11,282 
9,119 

4.471 
2,434 


$31,777 
21,202 
14,281 

49,125 
26,566 
23,670 

108, 775 
76,892 
57,406 

811 

1,642 

520 

6,719 
4,745 
1,678 

20,467 
11,078 
7,962 

62,428 
37,180 
20,605 

32, 119 
26;  146 
16,731 

6,246 
4,845 
3,635 

13,208 
10,001 
9,483 

36,899 
25,519 
21,680 

7,525 
6,186 
3,767 

1,518 
1,476 
1,604 

21,984 
17,538 
10,932 

405 
117 
217 

15,543 
12,369 

8,752 

468 
264 
264 

1,614 

6,081 
728 


311 
190 
243 

1,127 
737 
663 

5,380 
4,217 
2,798 


6,308 
10,907 

22,109 
15,975 
13,514 

11.468 
5,510 


$55,938 
37, 119 
25,899 

87,710 
49,032 
44,346 

239,886 
177,795 
130,634 

2,391 
3,216 
1,400 

7,338 
6,419 
2,471 

45,067 
26,560 
19,821 

166,814 
125,146 
75,717 

92,095 
79,608 
56,540 

16, 101 
13,138 
8,750 

23,631 
17,740 
16,926 

48,799 
32,650 
30,927 

13,718 
10,035 
6,389 

2,630 
2,695 
2,666 

23,612 
18,724 
11,812 

1,140 
342 
429 

23,419 
18,815 
11,953 


788 
1,089 

2,230 

11,216 

1,782 
1,406 

678 
447 


3,673 
2,811 
2,611 

8,236 
6,440 
3,849 

13,689 
12,956 
21,393 

47,865 
36,629 
27,811 

21,424 
10,357 


$24, 161 
15,917 
11,618 

38,585 

22,467 
20,676 

131,111 
100,903 
73,228 

1,580 
1,574 


1,619 

1,674 

793 

24,590 
15,482 
11,859 

114,386 
87,965 
56,112 

59,976 
53,462 
39,809 

9,865 
8,293 
5,216 

10,423 
7,739 
7,443 

11,900 
7,131 
9,347 

6,193 
3,849 
1,622 

1,112 
1,219 
1,062 

1,628 

1,186 


735 
225 
212 

7,876 
6,446 
3,201 

1,220 
524 
825 


5,136 

1,054 

910 

267 
257 
237 

2,546 
2,074 
1,948 

2,856 
2,223 
1,051 


10,486 

25,756 
20,654 
14,297 

9,956 
4,847 


PER  CENT  or 
INCREASE. 


Wage 

earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


27.3 
20.8 


41.6 
-10.3 


12.6 
26.0 


12.3 
32.3 


15.2 
134.8 


50.0 
11.9 


21.8 
36.1 


7.7 
21.1 


11.7 
70.5 


6.7 
-25.8 


2.0 
-21.3 


14.0 
77.0 


-1.4 
20.6 


58.9 
31.0 


-25.7 
59.1 


20.1 
77.8 


91.4 
-39.6 


309.5 
5.2 


0.4 
-20.1 


9.6 
2.4 


-1.9 
76.1 


-6.0 
-47.4 


13.7 
16.8 


1  Included  in  other  classifications  in  1904  and  1899.         >  Includes  "hats,  straw, "  in  1899.        » Included  in  "  hats  and  caps,  other  than  felt,  straw,  and  wool. "  in  1899. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899-Continued . 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  llO-Contd. 


INDUSTBr. 


Cen- 
sus. 


Hones  and  whetscones. . . 


Horseshoes,  not  made  in 
steel  works  or  rolling 
mills. 

Hosiery  and  Icnit  goods. . . 


House-furnishing  goods, 
not  elsewhere  specified. 


Ice,  manufactured. 


Ink,  printing. 


Ink,  writing. 


InstrumentSiprofessional 
and  scientific. 


Iron  and  steel,  blast  fur- 
naces. 


Iron  and  steel,  steel  works 
and  rolling  mills. 


Iron  and  8teel,bolts,  nuts, 
washer8,and  rivets,  not 
made  in  steel  works  or 
rolling  mills. 

Iron  and  steel,  doors  and 
shutters. 


Iron  and  steel  forgings. 


Iron  and  steel,  nai^  and 
spikes,  cut  and 
wrought,  including 
wire  naite,  not  made  in 
steel  works  or  roiling 
mills. 

Iron  and  steel  pipe, 
wrought. 


Jewelry. 


Jewelry  and  instrument 
cases. 


Kaolin  and  ground  earths 

Labels  and  tags 

I-apidary  work 


JLard ,  refined ,  not  made  in 
slaughtering  and  meat- 
packing establishments. 

Lasts 


Lead ,  bar,  pipe,  and  sheet 
Leather  goods 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1890 

1909 
1904 


1909 

1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1,374 
1.144 
1,006 

2G0 
237 
a09 

2,004 

1,320 

775 

71 
60 
60 

47 
42 
44 

283 
225 
261 

208 
190 
223 

446 
415 
445 

108 


29 
24 
13 

172 
138 
90 

57 
76 
102 


27 
19 

1,537 

1,023 

851 

120 
97 
63 

119 
131 
145 


67 
47 

77 
54 
60 

7 
9 
19 

60 
55 
05 

33 
32 
34 

2,375 
1.918 
1,568 


PERSONS  ENOAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


173 
251 


360 
273 


136, 130 
109,489 


5,916 
5,555 


21,107 
13,179 


1,854 
1,117 


824 
607 


6,175 
4,145 


43,061 
37,3.35 


280.762 
221,9.56 


12.395 
8,771 


1,816 
811 


9,193 
6,347 


3,239 
4,147 


7,309 
5,723 


36,992 
26,119 


2,441 
1,923 


2,351 
2,501 


2,880 
1,610 


515 
528 


2,029 
1,453 


1.044 
834 


43,525 
40,508 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


1,1.34 
1,067 


236 
234 


1,066 
746 


222 
200 


1.846 
1,436 


139 
126 


2,. 552 
2,148 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
numl)er) 


152 
220 
189 

293 
232 
231 


6,721  1  129,275 
4.330  I  104,092 
2,8.31  1   83,691 


773 
543 
584 

3,927 
2,3,32 
1,531 

695 
361 
253 

282 
141 
148 

1,136 
606 

380 

4,584 
2,231 

1,757 

20,6.39 
14.330 
7,454 

1,012 
632 
420 

197 
93 
20 

036 
605 
322 

432 

406 
431 


193 

4,799 
2,603 
1,806 

232 
121 
52 

308 
253 
232 

482 
197 
96 

169 
102 
43 

110 
77 
54 

254 
186 
97 

2.34 
177 
151 

6,066 
4,171 
3,207 


4,907 
4,778 
5,212 

16,114 
10, 101 
C,880 

1,121 
711 
503 

606 
430 
285 

4,817 
3,437 
2,775 

38,429 
35,078 
39,241 

240,076 
207,562 
183,249 

11,346 
8,090 
7,660 

1,601 
699 
117 

8,168 
5,665 
4,688 

2,765 
3,681 

4,477 


6,817 
5,416 
5,536 

30,347 
22,080 
20,468 

2,070 

1,676 

819 

1,990 
2,157 
2,094 

2,313 

1,348 

754 

627 
507 


399 
441 
499 

1,728 
1,208 
1,131 

802 
646 
605 

34,907 
34,189 
29,274 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


677 
684 
503 

1,045 

1,014 

545 

"103,709 
78,769 
67,346 

9,328 
8,748 
8,531 

317,789 
191,660 
100,421 

5,857 
3,384 
1,805 

169 
224 
369 

4,856 
2,110 
2,471 

1,173,422 
773,278 
497,272 

2,100.978 
1.649,299 
1,100,801 

22,113 
13,825 
0,165 

1,007 
069 
223 

27,803 
16,069 
7,697 

7,723 
10,533 
12,853 


20,656 
15,094 
11,717 

11,204 

7,872 
6,656 

527 
359 
208 

20,920 
17,325 
18,404 


919 
392 

679 
554 
212 

723 
598 
714 

3,386 
2,865 
1,951 

3,179 
2,487 
2,007 

28,148 
16,257 
10,947 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 

of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1382 
423 
217 

$6 
20 
6 

$72 
94 
73 

1,396 

1,227 

46.> 

99 
54 
36 

166 
127 
117 

163,641 
106,943 
82,000 

7.691 
4.455 
3,138 

44,740 
31,615 
24,434 

12,784 
9,872 
10,634 

1,007 
582 
628 

2,035 
1,880 
1,838 

118,641 
66,592 
38,020 

3,868 
2.001 
1,226 

9,779 
5,549 
3,403 

7,144 
4,610 
2,945 

1,092 
630 
346 

773 
475 
298 

2,114 

1,287 

877 

376 
191 
134 

203 

170 
114 

11,724 
5,383 
4,476 

1,233 
532 
402 

2,925 
1,823 
1,429 

487,581 
236,146 
143,159 

6,525 
2,891 
2,304 

24,607 
18,935 
18,484 

1,004,735 
700, 182 
430,232 

26,191 
17,860 
9,433 

163,201 
122.492 
102,336 

30,250 
18,913 
10,800 

1,373 
912 
571 

5,793 
3,642 
2,002 

3,045 

1,120 

262 

224 

117 
19 

874 
407 
86 

27,755 
28,246 
9,676 

1,300 
824 

411 

6,003 
3,428 
2,550 

8,898 
8,742 
10,751 

562 
454 
444 

1,353 

1,684 
2,042 

22,266 
13,053 
18,344 

657 
369 
266 

3,063 
2,473 
2,496 

63,811 
39,679 
27,872 

5,838 
2,939 
1,842 

18,358 
12,593 
10,644 

1,841 

1,438 

548 

232 
107 
35 

954 
624 
323 

13,226 
10, 196 
12,212 

417 
329 
257 

897 
899 
821 

3,857 

2,118 

848 

541 
258 
120 

1,123 
609 
289 

4,808 
2,384 
3,087 

195 
109 
51 

889 
657 
499 

1,434 
1.163 
1,336 

108 
108 
80 

180 
219 
238 

3,061 
2,009 
1.485 

412 
223 
108 

l,2a3 
798 
650 

20,587 
5,015 
3,949 

360 
239 
202 

510 
405 
322 

69,814 
50,919 
33,895 

6,701 
4,148 
2,829 

17,921 
15,707 
11,892 

SllO 
103 
64 

356 
25C 
211 

110,241 
76,789 
51,195 

12,371 
9,627 
9,198 

11,317 
6,011 
3,312 

4,176 
2,613 
1,636 

1,078 
858 
673 

2,918 
1,350 
1,363 

320,638 
178,942 
131,504 

657,501 
441,204 
390,895 

12,804 
7,807 
8,071 

1,283 
602 
116 

10,240 
5,752 
6,213 

3,972 
4,686 
8,562 


22,942 
12,747 
15,524 

36,675 
24, 177 
22,235 

1,221 
843 
436 

2,042 
1,869 
1,651 

1,910 
957 
388 

6,560 
6,224 
4,656 

9,631 
5,640 
7,497 

1.324 

768 
527 

7,412 
7,910 
6,280 

60,027 
44,435 
33, 195 


$268 
308 
196 

1,015 
799 


200,143 
137,076 
95,834 

18,509 
15,011 
14,278 

42,953 
23,790 
13, 781 

8,865 
6,774 
3,080 

2,505 
1,881 
1,293 

10,504 
5,378 
4,853 

391,429 
231,823 
206,757 

985,723 
673,965 
597,212 

24,485 
14,687 
13,978 

3,006 

1,477 

320 

20,293 
12,110 
10,438 

8,192 
8,923 
14, 777 


30,886 
17,401 
21,292 

80,350 
53,226 
46,129 

3,116 
2,292 
1,157 

4,681 
4,439 
3,722 

4,670 
2,462 
1,105 

9,173 
7,647 
5,786 

10,326 
6,129 
8,631 

4,159 
2,520 
1,880 

9,145 
9,277 
7,478 

104, 719 
82, 121 
60,414 


$158 
205 
132 

659 
543 
287 

89,902 
60,287 
44,639 

6,138 
5,384 
5,080 

31,636 
17, 779 
10,469 

4,690 
3,161 
1,544 

1,427 

1,023 

720 

7,586 
4,028 
3,490 

70, 791 
52,881 
75,253 

328,222 
232, 761 
206,317 

11,681 
6,880 
6,907 

1,723 
875 
204 

10,053 
6,358 
5,225 

4,220 
4,237 
6,215 


7,944 
4,654 
5,768 

43,675 
29,049 
23,894 

1,895 

1,449 

721 

2,639 
2,570 
2,071 

2,760 

l,5a5 

717 

2,613 
1,423 
1,130 

695 

489 

1,1.34 

2.8.35 
1,752 
1,353 

1,733 
1,367 
1,198 

44.692 
37,686 
27,219 


520  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899-Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  llO— Contd. 


Leather,  tanned,  curried, 
and  finished. 


Lime  I. 


Liquors,  distilled. 


Liquors,  malt. 


Liquors,  vinous. 


Locomotives,  not  made 
by  railroad  companies.* 

Looking-glass    and    pic- 
ture names. 


Lumber  and  timber  prod- 
ucts. 


Malt. 


Marble  and  stone  work ». . 


Matches. 


Mats  and  matting. 


Mattresses  and  spring  beds 


Millinery  and  lace  goods . 


Mineral  and  soda  waters. 


Mirrors. 


Models  and  patterns,  not 
Including  paper  pat- 
terns. 


Moving  pictures 

Mucilage  and  paste. 


Musical  instruments  and 
materials,  not  sx>ecified. 


Musical  instruments, 
pianos  and  organs  and 
materials. 

Needles,  pins,  and  hooks 
and  eyes. 


Oakum. 


Oil,  castor. 


1909 
1904 


Oil,  cottonseed,  and  cake 

>  Includes  "cement"  and 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1^9 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


Num- 
ber of 

estab- 
lish, 
ments. 


919 
1,049 
1,306 

853 
526 
998 

613 

805 
905 

1,414 
1,530 
1,507 

290 
435 
359 

16 
15 

437 
442 
362 

40,671 
25, 153 
28, 133 

114 
141 

146 

4,964 
2,608 
2,952 

26 
23 
22 

12 

12 


930 
716 


1,579 
860 
591 

4,916 
3,468 
2,763 

148 
119 
103 

709 
547 
530 


127 
HI 
116 

187 
181 
229 

507 
444 
390 

49 
46 
52 


817 
715 


PEESONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDU.STRY. 


67,100 
61,002 


15,659 
12.383 


8,328 
7,229 


66,725 
58,068 


2,726 
2,801 


16,945 
25,979 

7,470 
8,076 


784,989 
593,342 


2,237 
2,594 


77,275 
57,866 


4,220 
3,368 


1,040 


14,109 
12,438 


46,301 
31,417 


22,060 
16,554 


3,509 
3,068 


5,450 
3,678 


901 
728 


2,269 
2,554 


41,882 
36,106 


4,978 
4,196 


129 
158 


21,273 
18,832 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 

firm 
mem- 
bers. 


Salaried 
ployees. 


784 
1,112 


794 

500 


503 
794 


639 
876 


236 
396 


431 
467 


48,825 
30, 738 


6,026 
3,300 


1,934 
1,163 


5,743 
4,099 


131 
117 


840 
656 


108 
100 


187 
190 


297 
303 


110 
63 


4,114 
3,251 
2,442 

968 

731 

1,406 

1,335 

1,080 

661 

11,507 
9,055 
7,146 

579 
492 
344 

2,029 
1,164 

1,018 
984 

884 

41, 145 
30,038 
20,940 

425 
444 
290 

5,646 
3,456 
2,606 

543 
176 
66 

85 
58 
42 

1,918 

1,254 

851 

5,166 
2,754 
1,692 

3,170 
1,576 
1,423 

384 
302 
269 

439 
242 

118 

207 

255 
158 
166 

260 
225 
158 

3,565 
2,722 
1,518 

313 
200 
135 


11 
10 

12 
14 
12 

4,092 
3,229 
1,569 


Wage 
earners 

number). 


62, 202 
57,239 

52. 109 

13,897 
11,152 
19,085 

6,430 
5,355 
3,720 

54,579 
48. 137 
39,459 

1,911 
1,913 
1,163 

14,909 
24,806 

6,021 
6,625 
6,029 

695,019 
532,566 
508,766 

1,760 
2,054 
1,990 

65,603 

51. 110 
41,686 

3,631 
3,185 
2,047 

937 

625 

1,197 

11,322 
10,427 
7,649 

39,201 
27,500 
16,871 

13,147 
10,879 
8,788 

2,994 
2,649 
2,555 

4,171 
2,780 
2,607 

506 

538 
470 

458 

1,822 
2,139 
2,405 

38,020 
33,081 
21,309 

4,638 
3,965 
2,653 

113 
142 
171 

54 
43 

49 

17,071 
1.5,540 
11,007 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


148, 140 
117,450 
88,860 

27,671 
18, 198 
93,540 

46,120 
42,349 
31,427 

347,726 
206, 159 
197,901 

6,771 
6,713 
3,416 

35,102 
29,806 

5,3.30 
4,653 
3,357 

2,840,082 
1,886,624 
1,658,594 

26,441 
20,288 
13,834 

187,686 
102,887 
83,119 

6,224 
3,539 
2,666 

1,433 
1,524 
1,733 

17,689 
13,220 
7,980 

7,918 
4,737 
1,852 

19,392 
12, 214 
8,037 

3,862 
2,795 
2,333 

5,486 
4,358 
3,021 


2,335 
1,505 
1,426 

1,423 
1,603 
1,417 

41,623 
30,134 
20,789 

4,542 
2,440 
2,103 


367 
375 

385 
500 
260 

192,342 
150,246 
73,071 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$332. 727 
242,584 
173,977 

$6,744 
4,452 
3,159 

$32, 103 
27,049 
22,591 

32.520 
22,596 
48,787 

1,080 

703 

1,416 

5,980 

4,597 
7,741 

72,450 
50,101 
32,540 

1,988 

1,393 

890 

3,074 
2,657 
1,733 

671, 158 
515,630 
413,767 

22,804 
17,316 
13,038 

41,206 
34,541 
25,776 

27,908 
17,775 
9,838 

863 
573 
365 

972 

1,002 

446 

52,060 
38,421 

2,297 
1,675 

8,914 
16,798 

9,058 
7,634 
5,500 

1,119 
955 
789 

3,261 
3,315 
2,550 

1,176,675 
733,708 
541,. -595 

47,428 
31,737 
18,715 

318. 739 
245.834 
188,395 

60,286 
47, 934 
39,288 

884 
747 
471 

1,348 
1,457 
1,183 

114,842 
79,170 
52,982 

6,386 
4,000 
2,440 

42,546 
31,899 
22,843 

11,953 
5,334 
3,893 

723 
178 
87 

1,390 

1,101 

613 

4,051 
839 
994 

95 
67 
31 

385 
249 
237 

23,735 
14,514 
7,999 

2,039 

1,253 

770 

5,771 
4,816 
3,102 

35,705 
17,850 
10,765 

5,381 
2,296 
1,393 

16,308 
10,307 
5,818 

42,305 
28,098 
19,727 

2,846 
1,393 
1,161 

6,902 
5,488 
4,080 

4,890 
3,859 
3,184 

450 
332 

277 

1,763 
1,375 
1,232 

5,576 
2,896 
2,250 

490 
238 
113 

2,929 

1,788 
1,565 

19,428 

396 

335 

2,717 
2,430 
1,220 

353 
166 
155 

286 
237 
193 

3,298 
3,743 
3,896 

343 
252 
142 

992 
1,162 
1,232 

103,234 
68,482 
43,810 

5,552 
3,728 
2,015 

22,762 
18,527 
11,543 

6,705 
5,332 
4,618 

393 
253 
147 

2,064 
1,596 
1,067 

342 
488 
416 

14 
14 
17 

42 
49 
51 

1,038 
625 
539 

27 
27 
17 

32 

28 
29 

91,086 
73, 770 
34,451 

4,295 
3,062 
1,579 

5,835 
4,838 
3,143 

$248, 279 
191,179 
155,000 

$327,874 
252,621 
204,038 

6,731 
5,437 
11,040 

17,952 
14,751 
28,674 

35,977 
25,626 
15,145 

204.699 
131,270 
96,794 

96,596 
74,907 
61,598 

374,7-30 
298,  .346 
236,915 

6,626 
5,693 
3,689 

13,121 
11,098 
6,547 

15,000 
27, 703 

31,582 
59,552 

5.525 
4.975 
4,729 

1.3,475 
13,270 
10,847 

508. 118 
360, 325 
364,964 

1,1,56.129 
884, 267 
760,992 

30,464 
23, 621 
14,817 

38,252 
30,289 
19,374 

37,397 
26,569 
21,546 

113,093 

84,844 
63,667 

4,599 
3,285 
3,421 

11,353 
5,647 
6,006 

1,067 
574 
516 

2,432 
1,243 
1,165 

20,483 
15,326 
10,227 

35,783 
27,755 
17,956 

45,040 
26,259 
15,654 

85,894 
50,778 
29,469 

16,466 
10,002 
8,565 

43,508 
30,251 
23,269 

5,905 
4,587 
4,996 

9,571 
7,605 
8,004 

2,876 
922 
825 

8,868 
4,545 
3,834 

2,192 

4,206 

3,283 
2,301 
1,613 

4,918 
3,556 
2,556 

890 
1,130 
1,205 

3,228 
3,482 
3,395 

43, 765 
27,987 
17,371 

89,790 
66,093 
41,024 

2,329 

1,584 
1,228 

6,694 
4,751 
3,238 

232 

•  241 

284 

338 
361 
440 

661 
487 
293 

905 
643 
395 

119,833 
80,030 
45,166 

147,868 
96,408 
68,727 

$79, 595 
61,442 
49,038 

11,221 
9,314 
17,634 

168, 722 
105,  (i44 
81,649 

278, 134 
223,4,39 
185,317 

6,495 
5,405 
2,858 

16,522 
31,849 

7,950 
8,295 
6,118 

648,011 
523,942 
396,028 

7.788 
6,668 
4,557 

75,696 
58,275 
42,121 

6,754 
2,362 
2,585 

1,365 
669 
649 

15,300 
12,429 
7,729 

40,854 
24,519 
13,815 

27,042 
20,249 
14,704 

3,666 
3,018 
3,008 

5,992 
3,623 
3,009 

2,014 

1,635 

1,255 

943 

2,338 
2,352 
2,190 

46,025 
38,106 
23,653 

4,365 
3,167 
2,010 

106 
120 
156 

244 
156 
102 

28,035 
16,378 
13,661 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


8.7 
9.8 


24.6 
-41.6 


20.1 
44.0 


13.4 
22.0 


-0.1 
64.5 


-9.1 


30.5 
4.7 


-14.3 
3.2 


28.4 
22.6 


14.0 
55.6 


49.9 

-47.8 


8.6 
36.3 


42.5 
63.0 


20.8 
23.8 


13.0 
3.7 


50.0 
6.6 


14.5 
2.6 


-14.8 
-11.1 


14.9 
55.2 


17.0 
49.5 


-20.4 
-17.0 


25.6 
-12.2 


9.9 
41.2 


'wall  plaster"  in  1899.  » Included  in  "foundry  and  machine-shop  products"  in  1899.  »  Includes  "artificial  stone"  in  1899. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND   INDUSTRIES. 


COMPAHATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  1  lO-Contd. 


Oil,  essential. 


Ofl,  Unseed . 


Oil,  not  elsewhere  speci- 
fied. 


Oilcloth  and  linoleum . . . 

Oleomargarine 

Optical  goods 

Paint  and  varnish 

Paper  and  wood  pulp. . . 


Paper   goods,    not   else- 
where specified. 

Paper  patterns 


Patent  medicines  and 
compounds  and  drug- 
gists' preparations. 

Paving  materials 


Peanuts,  pradinc,  roast- 
ing, cleaning,  and  shell- 
inc  > 

Pencils,  lead 


Pens,    fountain,    stylo- 
graphic,  and  gold. 


Pens,  steel 

Petroleum,  refining. 


Phonographs  and  graph- 
ophones. 


Photographic  apparatus 
and  materials. 


Photo-engraving . 
Pipes,  tobacco.. . 


Pottery,  terra-cotta,  and 
fire-clay  products. 


Prhiting  and  publishing . , 
Pnip  goods 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


186 
201 

31 
27 
27 

12 
14 
24 

217 
122 
91 


600 

777 
761 
763 

403 
308 
246 

27 
26 
15 

3,642 
2,777 
2,154 

49 
54 
99 

46 
30 

11 
8 
7 

65 


5 
5 
3 

147 
98 
67 

18 
14 
11 

103 
130 
153 

313 
223 
203 

62 
68 


822 

873 
1,000 

31,445 
27,793 
23,814 

14 
17 
22 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


408 
237 


1,753 
1,518 


3,144 
2,116 


6,557 
4,112 


773 
730 


7,809 
4,742 


21.896 
16,480 


81,473 
70,051 


22,385 

16,696 


1,755 
1,790 


41,101 
32,248 


1,731 
2,106 


2.177 
1,490 


4,513 
3,351 


1,820 
1,196 


755 
736 


16,640 
18,768 


5,928 
3,940 


6,596 
5,041 


7,277 
5,071 


3,090 
2,111 


61,022 
56,730 


388,466 
316,047 


882 
759 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees, 


456 
439 


250 
309 


228 
236 


2,802 
2,293 


233 

227 


452 
550 


30,424 
28,368 


292 

15( 
285 

1,311 
663 
810 

•345 
217 
153 

166 
206 
394 

1,248 
316 
375 

7.200 
4,408 
3,710 

5,245 
3,778 
2,935 

2,946 
1,734 
1,092 

812 
693 
92 

15,404 
9,483 
8,094 

281 
157 
173 

103 
116 

375 
283 
81 

544 

224 
146 

56 
72 
13 

2,669 
1,974 
1,201 

727 
637 
144 

1,342 

1,155 

469 

1,701 
968 
484 

245 
82 
120 

4,402 
3,752 

2,777 

99,608 
68,592 
40,685 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number), 


290 
132 
168 

1,452 
1,349 
1,328 

1,715 
1,305 
1,456 

5,201 
3,883 
3,230 

606 

522 

1,084 

6,398 
4,330 
3,715 

14,240 
11,633 
9,697 

75,978 
65,964 
49,646 

19,211 
14,726 
9,727 

921 
1,082 


22,895 
20,472 
19,028 

1,419 
1,919 
2,436 

1,949 
1,356 

4,134 
3,0('>5 
2,162 

1,225 
933 


663 
473 

13,929 
16,770 
12,199 

6,199 
3,397 
1,267 

6,195 
3,812 
3,444 

5,343 
3,876 
2,601 

2,775 
1,947 
1,585 

56,168 
52,428 
43,714 

258,434 
219,087 
195,260 

783 
696 
691 


Primary 
horse- 


1,218 

849 

1,048 

13,211 
9,473 
8,491 

6,772 
5,207 
3,432 

16,125 
10, 112 
7,561 

2,408 
1,560 
1,356 

5,725 
3,410 
2,544 

56,162 
41,288 
30,443 

1,304,265 

1,093,708 

762,118 

27,067 
16,226 
10,421 

751 
38 
9 

25,659 
17,008 
12,707 

5,757 
5,156 
34,397 

2,827 
1,602 

3,448 
2,625 
1,360 


349 
627 

244 

294 
138 

90,288 
46,019 
36,127 

6,371 
2,522 
1,082 

8,637 
6,061 
3,412 

2,638 
1,925 
1,040 

1,506 

1,058 

855 

110,017 

104,918 

75,802 

297,763 
166,380 
119,775 

3,125 
2,368 
1,314 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value 
! added  by 

manu- 
Valueof      fa<'ture 
j'JrJlt  ?1     (value  of 
products.  :  products 

I  less  cost 
j  ofmate- 
;    rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$1,365 
723 

576 

18,932 
.  9,850 
15,461 

18,441 
11,229 


19,634 
13,803 
8,879 

3,558 
1,551 
3,024 

10, 147 
5,381 
4,212 

103,995 
75,486 
60,053 

409,348 
277,444 
167,508 

48,662 
27,345 
18, 152 

4,578 

2,237 

256 

99,942 
75,007 
66,173 

11,410 
5,218 
13,464 

3,646 
1,100 

7,867 
4,981 
2,227 

3,121 
1,545 
1,087 

804 

576 
357 

181,916 
136,281 
95,328 

14,363 
8,741 
3,348 

18,918 
7,720 
5,518 

5,474 
4,071 
1,994 

3,528 
1,256 
1,111 

141,3.50 
110,926 
65,952 

588,346 
432,8.54 
333,003 

2,680 
3,198 
2,317 


$61 
40 
25 

$123 
70 
61 

740 
423 
446 

893 
786 
693 

1,923 

882 
991 

1,060 
752 
738 

649 
361 
295 

2,826 
1,944 
1,628 

276 
253 
412 

413 
316 
534 

1,157 

427 
287 

3,394 
1,923 
1,599 

10,378 
6.677 
5,017 

8,271 
6,264 
4,926 

9,510 
6.097 
4,501 

40,805 
32,019 
20,746 

3,701 
1,993 
1,342 

8,169 
5,577 
3,658 

675 

490 

72 

407 
445 
202 

17,007 
9,97.5 
8,205 

9,897 
7,913 
6,910 

373 
197 
184 

7.50 

953 

1,144 

209 
122 

351 
205 

697 
396 
112 

1,712 

1,059 

683 

554 
198 
148 

712 
533 
371 

86 
60 
21 

230 

205 
138 

3,929 
2,724 
1,811 

9,830 
9,989 
6,717 

945 
666 
179 

2,841 

1,684 

608 

1,462 

1,109 

453 

3,037 
1,796 
1,443 

1,849 
934 
450 

4,750 
2,916 
1,750 

283 
81 
109 

1,255 
831 
738 

5,813 
4,628 
3,012 

29,753 

25,178 
17,692 

103,458 
67,748 
39,475 

164,628 
127, 196 
99,816 

124 
83 
92 

377 
284 
284 

$1,255 

1,111 

689 

31,035 
23,153 
24,396 

21,407 
14,438 
10,975 

15,550 
10.050 

7,550 

6.497 
4,398 
7,640 

4,187 
2,320 
2,101 

79.016 
59,827 
44,739 

165,442 
111.252 
70,530 

31.249 

19,645 
14,191 

646 
337 
125 

50,376 
39,494 
31,950 

3,478 
2,666 
1,582 

8,612 
6,324 

3,596 
1,804 
1,031 

2,246 

1,166 

664 

95 
103 
52 

199,273 
139,387 
102,859 

3,099 

4,161 

828 

6,708 
4,162 
3,378 

2.134 

1,303 

725 

2,459 
1,354 
1,106 

21,911 
16,501 
11,915 

201,775 
142,514 
103,654 

971 
719 
647 


$1,737 

1,465 

813 

36, 739 
27,577 
27,184 

30,865 
22,923 
18,612 

23,339 
14, 792 
11,403 

8,148 
5,574 
12,500 

11,735 
6,117 
5,211 

124,889 
90,840 
69,562 

267,657 
188,715 
127,326 

65,171 
33,946 
24,355 

2,611 

2,265 

562 

141,942 
117,4.36 
88,791 

G,229 
5,0,33 
3,936 

9,737 
7,261 

7,379 
4,426 
2,222 

4,739 
2,774 
1,706 

577 
474 
294 

230,998 
175,005 
123,929 

11,726 
10, 237 
2,246 

22,561 
13,023 
7,799 

11,624 
7,268 
4,190 

5,312 
2,834 
2,472 

76,119 
64,201 
44,263 

737,876 
552, 473 
395,187 

1,770 
1,467 
1,267 


$482 
354 
224 

6,704 
4,424 
2,788 

9,458 
8,485 
7,637 

7,789 
4,742 
3,853 

1,651 
1,176 
4,860 

7,548 
3,797 
3,110 

45, 873 
31.013 
24,823 

102,215 
77,463 
56,796 

23,922 
14. 301 
10,164 

1,965 

1,928 

437 

91,566 
77,942 
56,841 

2,7.51 
2,367 
2,354 

l,li5 
937 

3,783 
2.622 
1,191 

2,493 
1,608 
1,042 

482 
371 
242 

37,725 
35,618 
21,070 

8,627 
6,076 
1,418 

15,853 
8,861 
4,421 

9,490 
5,965 
3,465 

2,853 
1,480 
1,366 

54,208 
47,610 
32,348 

536,101 
409,959 
291,533 

799 
748 
620 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 

Value 

of 
prod- 
uct*. 

119.7 
-21.4 

18.6 
80.2 

7.6 
1.6 

33.2 
1.4 

31.4 
-10.4 

34.6 
23.2 

33.9 
20.2 

57.8 
29.7 

16.1 
-51.8 

46.2 
-55.4 

47.8 
16.6 

91.8 
17.4 

22.4 
20.0 

37.6 
30.6 

15.2 
32.9 

41.8 
48.2 

30.5 
51.4 

62.6 
39.4 

-14.9 
29.6 

15.3 
303.0 

ir.8 

7.6 

20.9 
32.3 

-26.1 
-21.2 

23.8 
27.9 

43.7 

34.1 

34.9 
41.8 

66.7 
99.2 

31.3 
34.1 

70.8 
62.6 

5.4 
40.2 

21.7 
61.2 

-16.9 
37.4 

35.4 
41.2 

5.3.0 
168.1 

14.5 
355.8 

36.3 
10.7 

73.2 
67.0 

37.8 
44.0 

59.9 

7a  5 

42.5 
22.8 

87.4 
14.6 

7.1 
19.9 

18.6 
45.0 

l&O 
12.2 

33.6 
39.8 

12.5 
0.7 

20.7 
15.8 

» Included  in  "coffee  and  spice,  roasting  and  grinding,"  in  1899. 


622 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  im,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  11 0—Contd. 


Pumps,    not    including 
steam  pumps. 


Rice,  cleaning  and  pol- 
ishing. 


Hoofing  materials. 


Cen- 
sus. 


Rubber  goods,  not  else- 
where specified. 


Rules,  ivory  and  wood . . 


Safes  and  vaults. 


Salt. 


Sand  and  emery  paper 
and  cloth. 


Sawa 


Scales  and  balances. 


Screws,  machine. 


Screws,  wood. 


Sewing  machines,  cases, 
and  attachments. 


Shipbuilding,   including 
boat  building. 


Shoddy.... 
Show  cases. 


Signs    and    advertising 

novelties.i 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  in- 
cluding throwsters. 


Silverware    and    plated 
ware. 


Slaughtering   and   meat 
packing. 


Smelting    and    refining, 
copper. 


Smelting    and    refining, 
lead. 


Smelting    and    refining, 
zinc. 


Smelting   and    refining, 
not  from  the  ore. 


909 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish, 
ments. 


1,353 
1,097 
1,107 


97 
105 

149 
141 
102 


852 
624 
483 

183 
158 
169 

1,641 
1,221 
1,080 

38 
40 
47 

28 
32 
39 

29 
31 
31 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTEY. 


Total. 


2,623 
1,721 


1,777 
1,961 


3,530 
10, 162 


31,284 
23,651 


4,060 
3,918 


5,580 
5,171 


779 
356 


5,767 
5,301 


4,275 
3,641 


1,863 
2,189 


3,758 
1,647 


20,556 
18,064 


44,949 
54,424 


2,320 
2,371 


3,943 
3,522 


7,277 


105,238 
84,153 

664 
525 

18,774 
16,305 

114 
120 

108,716 
88,819 

1,659 
1,324 

16,832 
13,562 

7 

1 

8,059 
8,102 

5" 

7,156 
6,884 

3 
2 

2,596 
1,994 

73 
57 

Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


87 
113 


46 
314 


102 
103 


1,463 
1,190 


83 
110 


154 
135 


211 


Salaried 

em 
ployees. 


400 
204 
95 

500 
436 
169 

1,019 

1,029 

695 

4,661 
2,364 
1,825 

9 
15 

14 

709 
415 
272 

570 
418 
406 

159 
40 
63 

841 
576 
312 

672 
431 
305 

164 
209 
108 

293 
158 
139 

1,246 
924 
704 

2,980 
2,480 
1,405 

196 
172 
139 

399 
305 
106 

1,526 


5,537 
4,027 
2,657 

2,050 
1,324 
1,129 

17,329 
12,096 
10,317 

1,197 
809 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

nimiber). 


635 
524 
425 


354 
208 

376 
225 
203 


2,136 

1,404 

632 

1,239 

1,492 
651 

2,465 
8,819 
7,593 

26,521 
21,184 
20,404 

109 
149 
213 

3,343 

3,488 
2,033 

4,936 
4,666 
4,774 

611 
305 
274 

4,832 
4,650 
3,216 

3,559 
3,133 
2,775 

1,667 
1,965 
1,557 

3,464 
1,488 
1,970 

19,296 
17, 121 
13,365 

40,506 
50,754 
46,747 

2,041 
2,089 
1,926 

3,390 
3,082 
1,363 

5,540 


99,037 
79,601 
65,416 

16,610 
14,861 
12,205 

89,728 
75,399 
69,264 

15,628 
12,752 
11,324 

7,424 
7,573 
8,319 

6,655 
6,528 
4,869 

2,147 
1,712 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


4,214 
2,569 
1,245 

19,519 
15,866 
7,546 

9,431 
23,022 
18,217 

79,062 
48,381 
40,835 

167 
318 
303 

5,546 
4,090 
2,209 

27,263 
19,434 
23,865 

3,351 
1,133 


11,852 
7,491 
6,493 

6,183 
3,251 
2,466 

3,319 
3,201 
1,407 

5,618 
3,715 
3,490 

19,426 
17, 162 
10,069 

88,063 
78, 127 
61,797 

13,820 
12,244 
11,455 

4,746 
4,087 
1,232 

3,790 


97,947 
71,760 
57,397 

15,183 
12,873 
8,486 

208,707 
119,311 
87,060 

158, 126 
76,524 
61,630 

26,954 
25,667 
16,342 

21,457 
18,404 
11,145 

10,705 
17,111 
8,633 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries.- 


Wages. 


C(iitof 
m^rials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expre$ed  in  thousands. 


$6,018 
3,230 
1,261 

13,347 

8,821 
2,601 

15,349 
16,925 
10, 814 

98, 507 
46,298 
39,302 

104 
253 
203 

8,944 
7,326 
5,480 

29,012 
25, 586 
27,123 

4,400 
1,206 
1,372 

14,855 
11,288 
8,509 

10,183 
8,513 
6,308 

3,728 
4,133 
2,467 

9,570 
5,969 
5,465 

33,104 
32,583 
20,804 

126, 118 
121,624 
77,341 

6,887 
5,804 
5,273 

5,369 
3,143 
1,153 

9,647 


152, 158 
109,557 
81,082 

46,759 
37,732 
30,628 

383,249 
240,419 
190,209 

111,443 
76,825 
53,063 

132,310 
63,823 
72,149 

27,760 
23,702 
14,142 

13,834 
9,807 
5,201 


$420 
215 
84 

613 
549 
182 

1,381 

1,162 

663 

5,406 
2,857 
2,216 

11 
15 
12 

1,058 
723 
283 

719 
487 
500 

210 

78 


966 
623 
329 

815 

477 
297 

199 
244 
126 

375 
193 
169 

1,423 

1,152 

933 

4,035 
3,340 
2,007 

290 
245 
167 

505 
330 


1,476 


7,527 
4,742 
3,134 

2,745 
1,730 
1,457 

20,054 
13,453 
10,211 

2,419 

1,527 

955 

1,476 

888 
755 

993 
581 
440 

570 
354 
229 


$1^258 
719 
247 

564 
641 


1,339 
4,008 
3,072 

14,120 
9,412 
8,082 

51 
55 
67 

2,072 
2,162 
1,017 

2,531 

2,066 
1,911 

370 
183 
144 

2,856 
2,707 
1,693 

2,186 
1,755 
1,437 

970 
942 
703 

1,454 
556 
721 

11,102 
9,493 
7,331 

25,268 
29,241 
24,825 

907 
835 

749 

2,017 

1,681 

708 

3,105 


38,570 
26,768 
20,982 

10,282 
8,625 
6,531 

51,645 
41,067 
33,846 

13,396 
10,827 
8,529 

5,431 
5,375 
5,089 

4,210 
3,856 
2,356 

1,281 
995 
632 


$2,487 

1,193 

638 

19,501 
13,315 
7,576 

12, 458 
10,842 


82, 192 
38,912 
33,482 

31 

55 
73 

3,443 
3,211 
1,689 

5,203 
4,166 
3,336 

2,382 

1,055 

681 

4,912 
4,036 
2,600 

2,704 
1,633 
1,533 

1,160 
951 
797 

2,309 
732 
923 

11,455 
10,701 
9,458 

31,214 
37,463 
33,475 

5,001 
6,056 
4,875 

3,140 
2.374 
1,058 

4,709 


107, 767 
75,861 
62,407 

18,332 
14,459 
11,659 

1,202,828 
811,426 
685,310 

333,532 
196,737 
122, 174 

151.963 
168,958 
144, 195 

25.230 
17,028 
13,286 

23,162 
13,760 
5,900 


$5,583 
2,853 
1,342 

22,371 
16,297 
8,724 

19,204 
19,871 
13,691 

128,436 
62,9% 
52,622 

144 
249 
208 

8,491 
7,861 
3,928 

11,328 
9,438 
7,967 

4,3.58 
1,477 
1,176 

11,636 
9,820 
6,444 

8,786 
6,003 
5,240 

3,014 
2,712 
2,059 

6,199 
2,134 
2,600 

28,262 
26,142 
21,125 

73,360 
82,769 
74,532 

7,446 
8,406 
6,731 

7,167 
5.722 
2,468 

13,546 


196,912 
133,288 
107,256 

42,229 
32,840 
26, 114 

1,370,568 
922,038 
788,368 

378,806 
240,780 
165, 132 

167,406 
185,827 
175,466 

34,206 
24,791 
18, 188 

28,072 
17,403 

7,785 


$3,096 

1,660 

704 

2,870 
2,982 
1,148 

6,746 
9,029 
6,805 

46,244 
24,084 
19,140 

113 
194 
135 

6,048 
4,650 
2,239 

6,125 
6,272 
4,631 

1,976 
422 
495 

6,624 
5,784 
3,844 


4,370 
3,707 

1,854 
1,761 
1,262 

3,890 
1,402 
1,677 

16,807 
15,441 
11,667 

42, 146 
45,306 
41,057 

2,445 
2,350 
1,856 

4,027 
3,348 
1,410 

8,837 


89,145 
57,427 
44,849 

23,897 
18,381 
14,466 

167,740 
110,612 
103,058 

45,274 
44,043 
42,958 

15,443 
16,869 
31,271 

8,976 
7,763 
4,902 

4,910 
3,643 
1,885 


PEE  CENT  OF 
INCP.EASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


52.1 
122.2 


-17.0 
129.2 


-72.0 
16.1 


25.2 
3.8 


-26.8 
-30. 0 


-4.2 
71.6 


5.8 
-2.3 


100.3 
11.3 


3.9 
44.6 


13.6 
12.9 


-15.2 
26.2 


132.8 
-24.5 


12.7 
28.1 


10.0 
126.1 


24.4 
21.7 


11.8 
21.8 


19.0 
8.9 


22.6 
12.6 


-2.0 
-9.0 


1.9 
34.1 


26.4 
74.2 


t  Included  In  other  classifications  in  1904  and  1899. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


COMPARATIVE  STMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued, 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  11 0—Contd. 


Soap». 


Soda-water  apparatus . . 


Sporting    and     athletic 
goods. 


Springs,  steel,  car   and 
carriage. 

Stationery    goods,    not 
elsewhere  specified. 

Statuary  and  art  goods ' 

Steam  packing 


Stereotyping  and  electro- 
typing. 


Stoves  and  furnaces,  In- 
cluding gas  and  oil 
stoves.' 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not 
Including  beet  sugar.< 


Sulphuric,    nitric,    and 
rnixed  acids.^ 

Surgical  appliances  and 
artificial  limbs. 


Tin  plate  and  temeplate 


Tin  foil . 


Tobacco  manufactures. . . 

Toys  and  games 

Turpentine  and  rosin 

Type  founding  and  print- 
ing materials. 

Typewriters  and  supplies 

Umbrellas  and  canes 

Upholstering  materials. . . 


Vault  lights  and  ventila- 
tors. 


Vinegar  and  cider . 


Wallpaper. 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1889 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


420 
436 
558 

63 
37 
30 

180 
152 
143 

54 
52 


153 
143 
113 

194 
135 

153 
106 
97 

174 
146 
140 

576 
494 

233 
344 
657 

42 
32 

324 
284 
306 

31 
36 
57 

10 
14 
15 

15,822 
16,827 
14,959 

226 
161 
169 

1,585 
1,287 
1,503 


92 


66 
47 

256 
204 
202 

230 
236 
270 

37 
24 
14 

963 
568 
613 

45 
44 
51 


'Jtotal. 


18,393 
14,501 


2,399 
1,829 


5,993 
4,757 


3.573 

2,774 


7,938 
5,095 


2,172 
1,812 


4,968 
3,240 


3,661 
3,301 


42,921 
37,292 


15,658 
15,799 


2,582 
2,757 


5,805 
4,049 


5,846 
5,132 


762 
847 


197,637 
187,652 


6,072 
4,792 


44,524 
37,526 


2,597 
2,255 


12, 101 
7,509 


6,505 
6,155 


4.777 
5,405 


453 

278 


3,073 
2,514 


4,740 
4,425 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


Salaried 

em 
ployees. 


329 
399 


275 
191 


244 
306 


204 
364 


316 
289 


17.634 
19,011 


185 
133 


2,567 
1,997 


299 
242 


214 
244 


1,050 
645 


5,065 
3,058 
2,738 

562 
333 
J27 

517 
361 


353 
270 
106 

1,629 

685 
453 

193 
114 

1,238 
4.50 
290 

678 
490 
330 

5,  .547 
3,582 

1,928 
1.886 
1,867 

330 
308 

1,248 
607 
440 

490 
284 
333 

71 
70 
45 

13, 193 
9,235 
7,836 

582 
329 
204 

2,446 
2,147 
1,889 

493 
308 
247 


,248 
532 

734 

527 

587 

4% 
449 
358 


28 
11 

481 
341 
451 


497 
512 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number) 


12,999 
11,044 

9,487 

1,797 

1,469 

963 

5,321 
4,260 
2,225 

3,196 
2,476 
2,102 

6,206 
4,295 
3,032 

1.699 
1,507 

3,648 
2.734 
1,147 

2.850 
2,679 
2,408 

37,130 
33,404 

13,526 
13,549 
14,129 

2,252 
2,447 

4,241 
3,153 
1,788 

5,352 
4,847 
3,671 


766 
682 

166,810 
159.406 
132,520 

5,305 
4,330 
3,316 

39,511 
33,382 

41,864 

2,026 
1,803 
1,984 

9,578 
6.232 
4,340 

5,472 
5,386 
5,640 

4,067 
4,712 
5,098 

327 
222 

138 

1,542 
1,528 
1,557 

4,037 
3,913 
4,172 


Primary 
horse- 


28,360 
20,228 
17,514 

2,894 
1,533 
1,183 

3,243 
2,995 
1,133 

7,349 
5,510 
3,185 

6,842 
3,396 
1,706 

462 
466 

11,129 
8,846 
4,488 

4,076 
2,878 
1,470 

45,524 
32,017 

160,603 
140.650 
152,569 

6.494 
5,416 

5.752 
3.214 
1,254 

8,154 
8,990 
3,615 

1.699 

1,388 

864 

28,514 
24.604 
22,290 

5,323 
4,757 
3,155 

4,129 

1,175 

866 

1,948 
1,497 
1,331 

6,845 
4,455 
2,272 

2,413 
2,122 
1,457 

17,456 
15,604 
11,351 

•  234 
174 
103 

10,081 
10,556 
16,849 

5,680 
4,867 
4,573 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


J71,951 
54,816 
38,068 

$5,506 
3,503 
2,777 

$6,227 
4,763 
3,755 

$72, 179 
43,626 
33,143 

$111,358 
08,275 
53,231 

8,589 
3,415 
4,202 

624 
296 
244 

1,239 
835 
550 

2,443 

1,924 

997 

6,556 
4,6.34 
3,015 

6,617 
4,249 
2,015 

617 
319 
167 

2,165 

1,641 

810 

5,565 
2,963 
1,802 

11,052 
7,032 
3,628 

8,784 
4,016 
4,684 

590 
353 
275 

1,853 
1,243 
1,001 

4,727 
2,742 
3,025 

9,005 
5,741 
5,090 

13,508 
6,929 
4,495 

1,897 
751 
412 

2,736 

1,500 

958 

7,744 
3,920 
2,128 

16,647 
8,867 
5,066 

2,221 
1,669 

225 
127 

1,339 
1,030 

680 
392 

3,442 
2,417 

14,126 
12,253 
2,691 

1,356 
594 
326 

1,811 

1,273 

525 

6,650 
3,896 
1,546 

12,160 
8,952 
3,494 

3,826 
3,298 
2,389 

800 
517 
312 

2,312 
1,993 
1,459 

1,765 
1,032 

767 

6,384 
5,005 
3,772 

86,944 
62,953 

6,975 
4,499 

22,944 
19,770 

29,338 
22,271 

78,853 
62,133 

153, 167 
165,468 
184,033 

2,392 
2,1.54 
1,682 

7,484 
7,576 
0,918 

247,583 
244,753 
221,385 

279,249 
277,285 
239,711 

18,728 
12,762 

651 

656 

1,495 
1,505 

5.386 
4,973 

9,884 
9,053 

11,046 
5.825 
2,778 

1,488 
594 
414 

2,129 

1,376 

"67 

6,372 
2,866 
1,418 

12,399 
7,269 
4,682 

10,995 
10,813 
6,650 

620 
310 
291 

3,315 
2,383 
1,890 

41,889 
31,376 
26,728 

47,970 
35,283 
31,892 

2,505 
1.918 
2,094 

92 
86 
69 

304 
303 
228 

2,277 
1,888 
1,074 

3,419 
2,795 
1,593 

245,660 
323,982 
111,517 

16,779 
8,800 
8,593 

69,355 
62,039 
47,975 

177, 186 
120,086 
92,867 

410,095 
331,111 
263,713 

6.541 
4,831 
3,279 

661 
36(; 
184 

2,227 
1,615 
1,119 

3,554 
2,289 
1,665 

8,264 
5,578 
4,010 

12,401 
6,961 
11,848 

1,655 

1,152 

779 

9,363 
8,383 
8,394 

4,911 
3,775 
6,186 

25,295 
23,937 
20,345 

6,793 
5,926 
3,175 

560 
387 
274 

1,191 
1,123 
1,036 

1,772 
1,119 
1,270 

4,703 
3,935 
3,931 

26,309 
10,042 
8,400 

2,707 

1,246 

480 

6,221 
3. 409 
2,404 

4,077 
1,870 
1,402 

19,719 
10,640 
0,932 

9,556 
8,951 
4,605 

915 
474 
504 

2,253 
1,820 
1,869 

10,056 
8.250 
8,381 

15,804' 
13,290 
13,009 

10,297 
9,293 
7,594 

587 
526 
364 

1,689 
1,807 
1,715 

8,069 
7,977 
5,882 

13,054 

12,078 
10,048 

607 
241 
121 

109 
31 
13 

228 
154 
81 

338 
161 
141 

957 
484 
338 

10,879 
7,520 
5,630 

539 
359 
391 

723 
725 
652 

4,964 
3,852 
3,134 

8,448 
7,265 
5,932 

14, 153 
12,354 
8,890 

1,054 
692 

817 

2,039 
1,868 
2,074 

7,623 
6,058 
0,073 

14,449 
12,037 
10,663 

$39, 179 
24,049 
20,088 

4,11 

2,710 

2,018 

5,487 
4,069 
1,826 

4,278 
2,999 
2,005 

8,903 
4,947 
2,938 

2,702 
2,025 

5,510 
5,050 
1,948 

4,019 
3,973 
3,005 

49.515 
39,802 

31,666 
32,532 
18,326 

4,498 
4,080 

7,027 
4,403 
3,264 

0,081 
3,907 
5,104 

1,142 
907 
519 

239,509 
205,025 
170,846 

4,710 
3,289 
2,345 

20,384 
20,162 
14, 159 

2,931 
2.810 
2,661 

15.642 
8,770 
6,530 

5,808 
5,046 
5,288 

4,985 
4,701 
4,106 

619 
323 
197 

3,484 
3,413 

2,798 

6,826 
5,979 
4,590 


'  Includes  "candles"  in  1S99. 

'  Included  In  other  classifications  in  1899. 

»  "  Stoves  and  furnaces,  not  including  gas  and  oil  stoves,"  Included  in  "foundry  and  machine-.shop  products"  in  1899. 

<  Includes  214  establishments  reported  as  "sugar  and  molasses"  and  19  as  "sugar,  refining,  not  including  beet  sugar, "  in  1909. 

'  Included  in  "chemicals"  in  1899. 


624 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  SPECIFIED  INDUSTRIES:  1909,  1904/ AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  notes  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.) 


Table  11 0—Contd. 


Wall  plaster" 


Washing  machines  and 
clothes  wringers. 


Waste. 


Wheelbarrows . 


Whips. 


Windmills. 


Window  shades  and  fix- 
tures. 


Wire. 


Wirework.  including  wire 
rope  and  cable. 


Wood  carpet . 


Wood  distillation,  not  in- 
cluding turpentine  and 
rosin.' 

Wood  preserving 


Wood,  turned  and  carved. 


Wool  pulling. . . 
Wool  scouring. 


Woolen, worsted, and  felt 
goods,  and  wool  hats. 


All  other  industries' . 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


219 
144 


56 
25 
29 

611 
649 
596 

10 
20 
31 

120 
141 

53 
26 
21 

1,050 
1,097 
1,166 

37 
34 
34 

28 
27 
25 

985 
1,074 
1,281 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


5,624 
4,459 


2,294 
1,861 


2,129 
1,716 


775 
665 


1,946 
1,771 


2,742 
2,341 


4,770 
3,165 


19,945 
5,325 


14,994 
15,967 


221 
445 


3,095 
2,655 


2,875 
859 


16, 243 
16,837 


759 
786 


1,262 
852 


175,176 
152, 306 


132 
494 


'  Included  in  "lime  and  cement"  in  1899. 

•Included  in  "chemicals"  hi  1899. 

'  All  other  industries  embrace  ' 
specified,"  2;  and  "whalebone  cutt. 

specified,"  6;  "whalebone  cutting,"   _, 

specified,"  4;  "  whalebona  cutting,"  3,  in  1899. 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


194 
132 


484 
652 


1,097 
1,226 


732 
958 


Salaried 
em- 


773 
629 

383 
171 
104 

191 
116 

58 


310 

174 
228 

387 
387 
281 

646 
409 
292 

1,846 
581 
94 

2,162 

1,936 

9S5 

28 
50 
49 

318 
301 

471 
115 
54 

1,007 
924 
565 

91 
65 
35 

102 
55 
45 

5,722 
4,593 
3,808 

25 
50 
97 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number). 


4,791 
3,758 

1,835 
1,622 
1,509 

1,897 
1,559 
1,091 

664 
584 
321 

1,546 
1,554 
1,287 

2,337 
1,929 
2,045 

3,930 
2,624 
1,801 

18,084 
4,737 
1,603 

12,348 
13,379 
9,142 

184 
373 
608 

2,721 
2,272 

2,403 
737 
478 

14, 139 

14,687 
11,558 

631 
681 
475 

1,142 
779 
720 

168,722 
146, 755 
130, 697 


436 

1,215 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


25,892 
20,054 

3,351 
3,504 
2, 732 

4,286 
3.863 
2,193 

1,486 

1,282 

762 

1,321 

1,068 

818 

3,301 
3,694 
2,214 

5,737 
2,705 
1,927 

71,959 
25,856 
9,979 

20,131 
18,280 
12, 772 


473 
534 

9,854 
4,620 

10,647 
3,439 
1,007 

48,447 
47, 595 
31,133 

1,366 

1,324 

820 

6,782 
3,478 
2,900 

362, 209 
288,969 
244, 825 

136 
1,767 
2,354 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Costo^ 
materi/ils. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  mate- 
rials).. 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$16,885 
13,204 

5,318 
2,952 
2,405 

6,125 
3,586 
2,437 

1,510 

1,045 

514 

3,900 
3,368 
1,894 

5,636 
5,837 
4,309 

10, 334 
5,977 
5,184 

60,157 
14,899 
4,242 

34,970 
26,894 
16,345 

423 
330 
412 

13,017 
10,507 

12,408 
2,935 
1,230 

18,334 
16,842 
10, 280 

3,248 

2,534 

945 

3,258 
1,188 
1,061 

430,579 
314,081 
265,730 

254 
3,860 
4,078 


$1,049 
620 

$2,391 
1,890 

466 
148 
104 

904 
684 
549 

290 

164 
85 

716 
495 
327 

81 
76 
27 

321 
296 
127 

323 

1S4 
246 

704 
603 
478 

479 
392 
250 

1,403 
969 
940 

807 
480 
323 

1,918 

1,086 

752 

2,199 
793 
136 

10,316 

2,859 

860 

2,674 

2,117 

940 

6,331 
6,100 
3,894 

33 
45 
35 

138 
269 
362 

355 
298 

1,463 
1,067 

517 
158 

57 

1,066 
315 
205 

1,045 
829 
488 

6,213 
6,031 
4,371 

132 
74 
35 

387 
365 
248 

143 

78 

72 

558 
398 
339 

10,097 
6,781 
5,574 

72,427 
57, 073 
46, 812 

39 
59 
113 

67 
263 
687 

$6,007 
4,726 

2,837 
2,213 
2,175 

8,837 
6,825 
4,000 

715 
494 
180 

1,585 
1,253 
1,278 

3,331 
2,308 
2,172 

12,653 
5,947 
5,575 

60,543 

30,063 

7,014 

24,394 
17,856 
10, 813 

228 
351 
418 

5,876 
4,848 

9,328 
2,463 
1,825 

9,744 
8,578 
5,830 

4,103 
104 
54 

2,122 
215 
194 

282,878 
204, 613 
153,930 

115 
386 


$12,804 
10,164 

5,825 
3,839 
3,735 

11,398 
8,343 
4,880 

1,625 

1,178 

454 

3,949 
3,147 
2,734 

6,677 
4,795 
4,354 

18,671 
8,931 
8,073 

84,486 
37,914 
9,421 

41,938 
33,038 
19,840 

490 

801 
1,057 

9,737 
7,813 

14,099 
3,368 
2,396 

22,199 
20,169 
14,318 

5,181 
882 
531 

3,289 

1,053 

890 

435,979 
319,348 
2^8, 798 

390 
1,058 
2,650 


$6, 797 
5,438 

2.988 
1,626 
1,560 

2,561 
1,518 


910 
684 
274 

2,364 
1,894 
1,456 

3,346 

2,487 
2,182 

5,918 
2,984 
2,497 

23,943 
7,851 
2,407 

17,544 
15, 182 
9,027 

262 
450 
639 

3,861 
2,965 

4,771 
905 
571 

12, 455 
11,591 


1,078 
778 
477 

1,167 
838 


153, 101 
114,735 
94,868 

275 

672 

1.662 


PER  CENT  OF 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


27,5 

26.0 

13.1 
7.5 

51.7 
2.8 

21.7 
42.9 

36.6 
71.0 

13.7 
81.9 

37.9 
159.5 

-0.5 
20.7 

25.5 
15.1 

21.2 
-5.7 

39.2 
10.1 

49.8 
45.7 

107.9 

10.6 

281.8 
195.5 

122.8 
302.4 

-7.7 
46.3 

26.9 
66.5 

-50.7 
-38.7 

-38.8 
-24.2 

19.8 

24.6 

226.1 
54.2 

318.6 
40.6 

-3.7 
27.1 

10.1 
40.9 

-7.3 
43.4 

487.4 
66.1 

46.6 

8.2 

212.3 
18.3 

15.0 
12.3 

36.5 
28.4 

-78.0 
-64.1 

-&3.1 
-60.1 

Value 

of 
prod- 
ucts. 


wood,"  2;  "straw  goods,  not  elsewhere 
•  than  wood,"  1;  "straw  goods,  not  elsewhere 
wood,"  3;  "straw  goods,  not  elsewhere 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES.  525 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899. 

Note.— Primary  horsepower  includes  power  generated  in  manufacturing  establishments  plus  electric  and  other  power  rented  from  outside  sources:  it  does  not  Include 
electric  power  generated  by  primary  units  of  the  establishments  reporting. 

[A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  111 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


TTnited  States.. 


Oeogbaphic  divi- 
sions: 

New  England 


Middle  Atlantic. 


East  North  Central . 


West  North  Central. 


South  Atlantic . . . 


£a.4t  South  Central. 


West  South  Central. 


Mountain. 


Pacific. 


Mew  England: 
Maine 


New  Ilampshlre. . 


Vermont. 


Massachusetts . 


Rhode  Island. 


Connecticut. 


Middle  Atlantic: 
New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Sast  North  Centeal: 
Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


268.491 
216.180 
207,514 


25,351 
22,279 
22,576 

81,315 
67,699 
65,834 

60,013 
51,754 
50,521 

27,171 
21,492 
20,732 

28,088 
19,564 
19,144 

15,381 
10,311 
10,058 

12,339 
8,279 
7,174 

5,254 

3,610 
3,146 

13,579 
11,192 
8,329 


3,540 
3,145 
2,878 

1,961 
1,618 
1,771 

1,958 
1,699 
1,938 

11,684 
10.723 
10,»29 

1,951 
1,617 
1,678 

4,251 
3,477 
3,382 


44,935 
37, 194 
35,957 

8,817 
7,010 
6,415 

27,563 
23,495 
23,462 


15,138 
13,785 
13,868 

7,969 
7,044 
7,128 

18,026 
14,921 
14,374 


PERSONS  ENOAOED  IN  INDUSTBT. 


Total. 


7,678,578 
6,213,612 


1,212,158 
1,023,708 


2,576,677 
2,148,379 


1,786,808 
1,415,888 


464.460 
.374,787 


745,830 
578,989 


305,465 
249,892 


240,902 
166,040 


89,862 
61,812 


256,416 
193,517 


88,476 
82,109 


84,191 
69,758 


38,580 
37,015 


644,399 
532,481 


122,641 
104,299 


233,871 
198,046 


1,203,241 
996,725 


371,265 
296,262 


1,002,171 
855,392 


523.004 
417,946 


218,263 
176,227 


561,044 
447,947 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


273,265 
225,673 


24, 171 
22,698 


85,516 
74,525 


57,271 
50,531 


26,683 
21,394 


30,783 
21,745 


17.208 
11,449 


12.944 

8,299 


4,849 
3,302 


13,840 
11,730 


3,661 
3.379 


2,014 
1,726 


2,113 
1,856 


11,194 
11,258 


1,721 
1,561 


3,468 
2,918 


47,569 
41,766 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


790. 267 
519, 556 
364, 120 


8,204 
6,730 


29,743 
26,029 


14,719 
13,657 


7,674 
7,191 


17,357 
13,990 


86, 697 
60,258 
45,402 

283.414 
187,289 
127,326 

215,773 
140,829 
103,350 

63,440 
41,032 
30,606 

52,0.32 
34,6:» 
24,368 

26,485 
17,214 
11,204 

23,438 
14,871 
8,-255 

9,578 
5,720 
3,486 

29,410 
17,710 
10,123 


4,860 
3,772 
3,103 

3,519 
2,666 
2,068 

2,679 
2.053 
1,095 

48,646 
32,824 
25,256 

7,382 
5,420 
4,022 

19,611 
13,523 
9,258 


151,691 
98,012 
68,030 

36,838 
23,196 
15,361 

94,885 
66,081 
43,935 


61,351 
39,991 
28,109 

23,605 
14.862 
10.447 

77,923 
54,521 
40,964 


Wage 

earners 

(average 

number). 


6,615,046 
5.468.383 
4.712,763 


1,101,290 
940, 752 
851,903 

2,207,747 
1,886,565 
1,604,844 

1,513,764 
1,224,528 
1,073,3-22 

374,337 
312,361 
286,051 

663,015 
5-22,611 
458,344 

261,772 
221,229 
177,208 

204,520 
143,470 
113,388 

75,435 
52,790 
44,497 

213, 166 
164,077 
123,206 


79,955 
74,958 
69,914 

78,658 
65,366 
67,646 

33,788 
33,106 
'28, 179 

584,559 
488,399 
438,234 

113,538 
97, 318 
88,197 

210,792 
181,605 
159,733 


1,003,981 
856,947 
726,909 

326.223 
266,336 
213,975 

877,543 
763,282 
663,960 


446,934 

364,298 
308,109 

186,984 
154, 174 
139,017 

465,764 
379,436 
332,871 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


2, 715, 121 
2,125,815 
1,792,342 

6,531,502 
4,255,204 
3, 139, 128 

4,382,070 
3,120,3t.9 
2,401,808 

1,101,990 
753.700 
605,098 

1,832,001 

1,2-21.040 

851,050 

1,036,560 
753,928 
513,425 

873,350 
555,717 
397,471 

400,766 
241,825 
123,012 

802,016 
460,049 
274.559 


4M,M9 
343,027 
250,232 

293,091 
218,344 
200,975 

159,445 
140,616 
126,124 

1,175,071 
938.007 
796,061 

226,740 
181,017 
153,619 

400,275 
304,204 
256,331 


1,997,662 
1,516,592 
1,099,931 

612,293 
436,274 
322,503 

2,921,547 
2,302,398 
1,716,694 


1,583,155 

1,116,932 

783,665 

633,377 
380,758 
325,919 

1,013,071 
741,555 
559,347 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost  of 
materials) 


E.xpressed  in  thousands. 


2,503,854 
1,870,995 
1,507,630 

6,505,675 
4,742,357 
3,450,619 

4,647,225 
2,895,440 
2,056,117 

1,171,572 
857,904 
577,453 

1,368,475 
930.420 
583,328 

686,276 
405,3(il 
234,014 

647,739 
328,900 
193,969 

348,977 
220,569 
126,7-24 

848.477 
42:J,0-23 
'245,402 


202,260 
143,708 
114,008 

139,990 
109,495 
92,146 

73,470 
62,659 
43,500 

1,279,687 
965,949 
781,868 

290.901 
215.901 
176,901 

517,546 
373,283 
299,207 


2,779,497 
2,031,460 
1,523,503 

977, 172 
715,060 
477,301 

2,749,006 
1,995,837 
1,449,815 


1,300,733 
856,989 
570,909 

508,717 
312,071 
219,321 

1,548,171 
975,845 
732,830 


$938,575  $3,427,038 
574,439  2,610,445 
380,771    2,008,361 


112,284 
72,799 
63,396 

345,266 
213,371 
141,943 

250,508 
151,992 
101,500 

69,504 
41.303 
29, 127 

57,272 
34, -201 
2-2,408 

29,008 
17,417 
10,386 

25,382 
15, 190 
7,334 

12,522 
7,541 
3,897 

36,829 
20,025 
10,781 


6,797 
3,989 
3,051 

4.191 
2,972 
2,200 

2,803 
2,103 
1,610 

63,279 
39,654 
29,480 

10,577 
7,041 
5,300 

25,637 
17,040 
11,755 


186,032 
111,145 
76,740 

48,337 
28,957 
19,058 

110,897 
73,269 
46,145 


72, 147 
43, 435 
28,151 

26.305 
15,029 
9,971 

91,449 
60,560 
40,549 


557,631 
439,050 
307,674 

1,182,508 
9-26, 145 
729,365 

827,152 
615,643 
473,040 

204,792 
157,843 
117,209 

244.378 
175,461 
130,864 

102, 191 
83,942 
56,003 

97,646 

67.128 
42,715 

56,870 
39,046 
27,714 

153,810 
106. 187 
63,777 


37,632 
32, 692 
25,731 

36,200 
27,693 
26,850 

17,272 
15,221 
11,426 

301,174 
232.389 
195,278 

55,234 
43,113 
35,995 

110,119 
87,942 
73,394 


657,231 
430,015 
337,324 

169,710 
128,169 
95,165 

455,627 
367,961 
296,876 


245,450 
182,429 
136,428 

95,510 
72,058 
59,280 

273,319 
208,405 
159, 104 


$12,142,791j  $20,672,052 
8,500,208  14,793,903 
6,575,851     11,406,927 


1,470,297 

1,116,273 

904,037 

4,159,498 
2,961,995 
2,311,404 

3,034,472 
2,045,537 
1,647,577 

1,241,855 
862.011 
647,565 

790,005 
550,102 
395,686 

336,163 
252,156 
176,506 

382, 131 
240,832 
153,610 

228,692 
152,813 
115,606 

493,678 
312,489 
223,960 


97,101 
80,042 
61,210 

98,157 
73,216 
60,163 

34,823 
32,430 
26,385 

830,705 
620,411 
498,655 

158, 192 
112,872 
87,952 

257,259 
191,302 
169,672 


1,856,904 
1,348.603 
1,018,377 

720,034 
470, 449 
334,726 

1,582,500 

1,142,943 

958,301 


824,202 
527,637 
409,303 

334,375 
220,507 
195, 103 

1,160,927 
840,057 
681,450 


2,670,065 
2,025,999 
1,660,348 

7,141,761 
5,218,260 
4,074,719 

5,211,702 
3,005,368 
2,853,050 

1,803,899 

1,284,446 

972,969 

1,381,186 
974.028 
711,800 

630,488 
464,336 
325,086 

625, 443 
415,232 
252,314 

363,996 
254,663 
191,825 

843,512 
551, 5a5 
364,810 


176,029 
144,020 
112,959 

164,681 
1 '23, 611 
107,591 

68,310 
63,084 
51,515 

1,490,529 

1,124,092 

907,627 

280,344 
20-2,110 
105,550 

490,272 
309,082 
315, 106 


3,369,490 
2,488,346 
1,871,831 

1,145,529 
774,369 
553,006 

2,626,742 
1,955,551 
1,649,882 


1,437,936 
960,812 
748,671 

579, 07.5 
393,954 
337,072 

1,919,277 
1,410,342 
1,120,868 


$8,529,261 
6, 293. 695 
4,831,076 


1,193,768 
909,726 
750,311 

2,982,263 
2,250,27.1 
1,763,315 

2, 177, 230 
1,559,831 
1,205,479 

562,044 
422, 4;{5 
325,404 

501,181 
423.926 
316,114 

294,325 
212.180 
148,580 

243,312 

108, 400 
98,804 

135,304 

101,850 

76, 219 

349,834 
239,076 
140,850 


78,928- 
63,978 
51,749 

66,424 
50,395 
47,428 

33,487 
30,654 
25, 130 

669,704 
497, 681 
408,972 

122, 152 
89,238 
77,598 

233,013 
177,780 
145, 434 


1,612,586 

1,139,743 

853,454 

425,495 
303,920 
218,280 

1,044,182 
812,008 
691,581 


613,734 
433,175 
339,368 

244,700 
173,447 
141,909 

758,350 
670,285 
439, 418 


526 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  note  on  the  flist  ppge  of  this  table.] 


Table  1 1 1— Contd. 


DIVISION  AND  STATK. 


East  North  Centkal— 
Continued. 


Michigan. 


Wisconsin. 


Wist  North  Central 
Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska... 

Kansas 

8ot;th  Atlantic: 

Delaware 


Maryland 

District  of  Columbia . 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  SotJTH  Central: 
Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 


Num- 
l)erof 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


9,159 
7,446 
7,310 

9,721 
8,558 
7,841 


5,561 
4,756 
4,096 

6,528 
4,785 
4,828 

8,375 
6,464 
6,853 

752 
507 
337 

1,020 


2,500 
1,819 
1,695 

3,435 
2,475 
2,299 


726 
631 
633 

4,837 
3,852 
3,886 

518 
482 
491 

5,685 
3,187 
3,186 

2,586 
2,109 

1,824 

4,931 
3,272 
3,465 

1,854 
1,399 
1,369 

4,792 
3.219 
3,015 

2,159 
1.413 
1,275 


4,776 
3,734 
3,648 

4,609 
3,175 
3,116 

3,398 
1,882 
2,000 

2,598 
1,520 
1,294 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


271,071 
200,196 


213,426 
173,572 


104,406 
83,301 


78,360 
61,361 


185,705 
156,586 


4,148 
2,545 


5,226 
3,582 


31,966 
25,356 


54,649 
42,057 


23,984 
20,567 


125,489 
107,303 


9,758 
7,778 


120,797 


71,463 
48,880 


133,453 
93, 142 


78,040 
63,071 


118,036 
102, 305 


64,810 
46,985 


79,060 
69,755 


87,672 
69,287 


81,972 

67,884 


56,761 
42,966 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


8,965 
7,732 


8,556 
7,961 


5.376 
4,524 


5,323 

4,758 


8,226 
6,299 


723 
494 


942 
649 


2,522 
1,904 


3,571 
2,766 


722 
641 


5,376 
4,505 


475 
473 


6,570 
3,643 


2,599 
2,230 


5,451 
3,731 


1,737 
1,241 


5,141 
3,512 


2,712 
1,769 


5,050 
4,108 


5,415 
3,805 


3,769 
1,948 


2,974 
1,588 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees 


30,607 
17,235 
13,350 

22,287 
14,220 
10,480 


14,263 
9,141 
6,625 

11,402 
7,122 
5,159 

24,486 
17,119 
12,474 

636 
296 
152 

682 
441 


5,108 
3,192 
2,296 


3,721 
3,612 


2,024 
1,451 
1,189 

12,192 
8,624 
6,741 

1,576 

1,006 

957 

8,551 
4,970 
3,828 

4,971 
2,892 
1,744 

6,529 
4,072 
2,894 

3,257 
2,389 
1,419 

8,307 
6,104 
3,815 

4,625 
3,125 
1,781 


8,610 
5,853 
4,356 

8,417 
4,910 
3,329 

6,055 
3,7C3 
2,259 

3,403 
2,688 
1,200 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
numtjer) 


231, 499 
175,229 
155,800 

182,583 
151,391 
137,525 


84,767 
69,636 
64,557 

61,635 
49,481 
44,420 

152,993 
133, 167 
107,704 

2,789 
1,755 
1,358 

3,602 
2,492 
2,224 

24,336 
20,260 
18,669 

44,215 
35,570 
27, 119 


21,238 
18,475 
20,562 

107,921 
94, 174 
94, 170 

7,707 
6,299 
6,155 

105, 676 
80,285 
66,223 

63,893 
43, 758 
33,080 

121,473 
85,339 
72,322 

73,046 
59, 441 
47, 025 

104,588 
92, 749 
83,336 

57,473 
42,091 
35,471 


65,400 
59,794 
51,735 

73,840 
60,572 
45,963 

72,148 
62,173 
52,711 

50,384 
38,690 
26,799 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


598,288 
440,890 
368,497 

554,179 
440,234 
364,380 


297,670 
220,934 
180,124 

155,384 
118,065 
106,664 

340,467 
247,861 
189,117 

13,196 
9,873 
7,351. 

17,666 
11,154 
11,776 

64,466 
46,372 
41,826 

213, 141 
99,441 
68,242 


52,779 
49,490 
40,134 

218,244 
165,449 
132,052 

16,563 
12,592 
10,256 

283,928 
176,998 

136. 696 

217,496 
138, 578 
91,894 

378, 666 
216, 622 
164, 467 

276, 378 
197,479 

112. 697 

298,241 
220,419 
136,499 

89,816 
43,413 
36,356 


230, 224 
174, 025 
144, 161 

242,277 
176,780 
130,318 

357,837 
293, 185 
173, 208 

206,222 
110,338 
66,738 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost  of 
materials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$583,947 
337,894 
246,996 

605,657 
412,647 
286,061 


275,416 
184,903 
133,077 

171,219 
111,428 
85,668 

444,343 
379,369 
223,781 

11,585 
5,704 
3,512 

13,018 
7,685 
6,051 

99,901 
80,235 
66,906 

166,090 
88,680 
59,458 


60,906 
50,926 
38,791 

251,227 
201,878 
149,165 

30,553 

20,200 
17,901 

216,392 
147,989 
92,300 

150, 922 
86,821 
49, 103 

217, 185 
141,001 
68,283 

173,221 
113,422 
62,750 

202,778 
135,211 
79,303 

65,291 
32,972 
26,682 


172, 779 
147,282 
87,996 

167,924 
102, 440 
63,140 

173, 180 
105.383 
60,166 

72,393 
50,256 
22,712 


$34,870 
17,470 
12,336 

$118,968 
81,279 
62,532 

25,737 
15,498 
10, 493 

93,905 
71,472 
56,696 

15,451 
9,033 
6,064 

47,471 
35,843 
29,029 

10,972 
5,948 
4,233 

32,642 
22,997 
18,021 

28,994 
19,002 
13,295 

80,843 
66,644 
46,714 

629 
258 
130 

1,787 

1,032 

671 

616 

294 
176 

2,297 
1,422 
1,130 

5,491 
3,075 
2,107 

13,948 
11,022 
8,842 

7,351 
3,693 
3,123 

26,904 
18,883 
12,802 

2,322 
1,629 
1,337 

10,296 

8,158 
8,457 

13,617 
8,844 
6,845 

45,436 
36,144 
32,414 

1,846 

1,207 

872 

4,989 
3,059 
3,023 

9,101 
4,875 
3,630 

38,164 
27,943 
20,274 

5,710 
2,899 
1,519 

33,000 
21,163 
12,640 

6,903 
3,795 
2,395 

34,355 
21,375 
14,052 

3,756 
2,366 
1,307 

20,361 
13,869 
9,130 

9,062 
6,927 
3,204 

34.805 
27,393 
19,958 

4,955 
2,670 
1,299 

22,982 
15,767 
10,916 

9,603 
5,871 
4,185 

27,888 
24,439 
18,454 

9,186 
5,081 
3,048 

28,251 
22,806 
14,727 

6,566 
3,867 
2,069 

27,284 
21,878 
14,912 

3,654 
2,598 
1,093 

18,768 
14,819 
7,910 

$368,612 
230,081 
175,966 

$685, 109 
429, 120 
319,692 

346,356 
227,255 
185,695 

590,305 
411,140 
326,753 

281,622 
210,554 
160,299 

409,420 
307,858 
223,693 

170,707 
102,844 
85,779 

259,238 
160,572 
132,871 

354,411 
252,268 
184,189 

674,111 
439,549 
316,304 

13,674 

7,096 

.  4, 151 

19,137 
10, 218 
6,260 

11,476 
8,697 
6,484 

17,870 
13,086 
9,530 

151,081 
124,052 
95,925 

199,019 
154,918 
130,302 

268,884 
156,510 
120,738 

325,104 
198,245 
154,009 

30,938 

24,884 
24,725 

52,840 
41,160 
41,321 

199,049 
150,024 
129,355 

315, 669 
243,376 
211,076 

10,247 
7,732 
7,475 

26,289 
18,359 
16,426 

125,583 
83,649 
59,360 

219,794 
148,857 
108,644 

92,878 
54,419 
37,228 

161,949 
99,041 
67,007 

121,861 
79, 208 
44,854 

216, 656 
142, 521 
85,274 

66,351 
49,  %9 
30,486 

113,236 
79,376 
53,336 

116,970 
83,625 
49,356 

202,863 
151,040 
94,532 

26,128 
16,532 
12,847 

72,890 
50,298 
34,184 

111,779 
86,545 
67,406 

223,764 
159, 754 
126, 509 

104,016 
79,352 
54,669 

180,217 
137,961 
92, 749 

83,442 
60,458 
37,998 

145,962 
109,170 
72,110 

36,926 
25,801 
16,543 

80,566 
57,451 
33,718 

$316, 497 
199,039 
143,726 

243,949 
183,885 
141,058 


127,798 
97,304 
73,394 

88,531 

57,728 
47,092 

219,700 
187,291 
132, 115 

6,463 
3,122 
2,109 

6,394 
4,389 
3,046 

47,938 
30,866 
34,377 

66,220 
41,735 
33, 271 


21,902 
16,276 
16,696 

116, 620 
93,352 
81,721 

15,042 
10, 627 
8,951 

94, 211 
66,208 
49,284 

69, 071 
44, 622 
29, 779 

94, 795 
63,253 
40,420 

46,885 
29,407 
22,850 

85,893 
67,415 
45, 176 

46,762 
33,766 
21,337 


111,975 
73,209 
59,103 

76,201 
58,009 
38,190 

62,520 
48,712 
34,112 

43,629 
31,650 
17,175 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


Wage 

earners  Value 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


21.7 
7.9 


24.6 
11.4 

61.4 
20.8 

14.9 
23.6 

30.6 
39.0 

68.9 
29.2 

87.3 
63.  J 

44.5 
12.0 

36.6 
37.3 

20.1 
8.5 

28.5 
18.9 

24.3 
31.2 

64.0 

28.7 

15.0 
-10.2 

28.4 
-0.4 

14.6 
(1) 

29.7 
15.3 

22.4 
2.3 

37.7 
11.8 

31.6 
21.2 

47.7 
37.0 

46.0 
32.3 

03.5 
47.8 

42.3 
18.0 

52.0 
67.1 

22.9 
26.4 

42.7 
48.8 

12.8 
11.3 

34.3 
69.8 

36.5 
18.7 

44.9 
47.1 

9.4 
15.6 

40.1 
26.3 

21.9 
31.8 

30.  ft 

48.7 

16.0 
18.0 

33.7 
51.4 

30.2 
44.4 

40.2 
70.4 

>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


527 


COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  111— Contd. 


DinSIQN  AND  STATE. 


Wbst  South  Central: 
Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

MotmTAiN: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arisona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PAaFic: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


Cen- 
sus. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1809 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


2,925 
1,907 
1,746 

2,516 
2,091 
1,826 

2,310 

1,123 

495 

4,588 
3,158 
3,107 


677 
382 
395 

725 
364 
287 

268 
160 
139 

2,034 
1,606 
1,323 

313 
199 
174 

311 
169 
154 

749 
606 
575 

177 
115 
99 


3,674 
2,751 
1,926 

2,246 
1,602 
1,406 

7,659 
6,839 
4,997 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


51,730 
37,557 


86,563 
63,735 


18,034 
7,456 


84,575 
57,892 


13,604 
10,196 


9,909 
3,791 


3,393 
2,163 


34,115 
25,888 


4,766 
3,891 


7,202 
6,217 


14, 133 
9,650 


2,650 
1,016 


80,118 
51,459 


34,722 
22,018 


141,576 
120,040 


j  Pro- 
I  prie- 
!  tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


3,455 
2,140 


2,295 
1,899 


2,698 
1,187 


4,496 
•3,073 


659 
334 


831 
371 


263 
150 


1,722 
1,398 


288 
189 


261 
133 


619 


137 
108 


3,264 
2,602 


2.499 
1,726 


8,077 
7,402 


3,293 
2,328 
1,549 

8,103 
5,977 
3,576 

2,193 
813 


9,849 
5,753 
2,861 


1,380 
905 

508 

858 
359 
92 

263 
179 
87 

4,326 
2,677 
1,870 

335 
224 
88 

500 
291 
205 

1,660 
970 
599 

256 
106 
37 


7,734 
3,658 
2,103 

3,473 
1,769 
1,143 

18,203 
12,283 
6,877 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number). 


44,982 
33,089 
31,525 

76,165 
55,859 
40,878 

13,143 
5,456 
2,381 

70,230 
49,066 
38,604 


11,655 
8,957 
9,854 

8,220 
3,061 
1,552 

2,867 
1,834 
2,060 

28,067 
21,813 
19,408 

4,143 

3,478 
2,490 

6,441 
4,793 
3,126 

11,785 
8,052 
5,413 

2,257 
802 
504 


60,120 
45,199 
31,523 

28,750 
18,523 
14,459 

115,296 
100,355 

77,224 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


173,088 
109,509 
79,560 

346,652 
251,963 
190, 182 

71,139 
29,608 
11,572 

282,471 
164,637 
116,157 


90,402 
46,736 
43,679 

42,804 
16,087 
5,6« 

7,628 
3,«04 
3,820 

154,615 
124,907 
43,434 

15,465 
5,948 
3,658 

39,140 

21,412 

8,537 

42,947 
19,397 
12,674 

7,765 
2,834 
1,561 


297,897 
168,342 
87,601 

175,019 
81,348 
60,005 

329,100 
210,359 
126,953 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Wages. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost  of 
materials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$70, 174 
46,306 
25,385 

221,816 
150,811 
100,875 

38,873 
16,124 
4,054 

216,870 
115.665 
63,655 


44,588 
52,590 
38,225 

32,477 
9,689 
2,130 

6,105 
2,006 
2,048 

162,668 
107,664 
58,173 

7,743 
4,638 
2,161 

32,873 
14,396 
9,517 

52,627 
26,004 
13,219 

0,806 
2,892 
1,251 


222,261 
96,953 
41,575 

89,082 
44,023 
28,359 

537,134 
282,047 
175,468 


»3,461 
2,310 
1,262 

S19,113 
14,544 
10,184 

9,008 
6,044 
2,934 

33,386 
25,316 
14,725 

2,045 
718 
219 

7,240 

2,799 

894 

10,868 
6,118 
2,919 

37,907 
24,469 
16,912 

2,054 

1,506 

786 

10,901 
8,652 
7,377 

984 

379 

66 

5,498 

2,059 

818 

311 
206 
91 

2,081 
1,261 
1,209 

5,648 
3,549 
2,059 

19,912 
15,100 
11,708 

383 
264 
91 

2,591 
2,153 
1,199 

798 
472 
269 

5,505 
3,969 
2,287 

1,966 

1,039 

501 

8,400 
5,158 
2,763 

378 
128 
34 

1,982 
694 
353 

9,827 
4,093 
2,064 

49,766 
30,087 
17,065 

4,047 
2,133 
1,222 

19,902 
11,443 
6,822 

22,955 
14,399 
7,495 

84,142 
64,657 
39,890 

$34,935 
21,799 
18,288 

$74,916 
53,865 
39,888 

134,865 
117,035 
75,404 

223,949 
186,380 
111,398 

34,153 
16,394 
5,430 

53,682 
24,459 
8,134 

178, 178 
91,604 
54,388 

272,8% 
150.528 
92,894 

49,180 
40,930 
30,068 

73,272 
66,415 
52,745 

9,920 
4,069 
1,439 

22,400 
8,769 
3,001 

2,608 
1,301 
1,370 

6,249 
3,523 
3,268 

80,491 
63,114 
60,751 

130,044 
100,144 
89,068 

3,261 
2,236 
1,999 

7,898 
5,706 
4,061 

33,600 
14,595 
7,877 

50,257 
28,083 
20,439 

41,266 
24,940 
11,440 

61,989 
38,927 
17,982 

8,366 

1,628 

662 

11,887 
3,096 
1,261 

117.888 
66,166 
38,277 

220,746 
128,822 
70,831 

50,552 
30,597 
20,789 

93,005 
55,525 
36,503 

325,238 
215,726 
164,894 

529,761 
367,218 
257,386 

$39,981 
32,060 
21,600 

89,084 
69,345 
35,994 

19,529 
8,065 
2,704 

94,718 
58,924 
38,606 


24,092 
25,485 
22,677 

12,480 
4,700 
1,562 

3,641 
2,222 
1,898 

49,563 
37,030 
28,317 

4,637 
3,470 
2,062 

16,657 
13,488 
12,562 

20,723 
13,987 
6,542 

3,521 

1,468 

699 


102,858 
62,656 
32,664 

42,453 
24,928 
15,804 

204,523 
151,492 
92,492 


PER  CENT  or 
INCREASE. 


Wage  ! 
earners  Value 


(aver- 
age 

num- 
ber). 


36.9 
5.0 


36.4 
36.6 

20.2 
67.3 

140.9 
129.1 

119.6 
200.7 

43.1 

27.1 

81.3 
62.0 

30.1 
-9.1 

10.3 
25.0 

168.5 
97.2 

156.4 
192.2 

66.3 
-11.0 

77.4 
7.8 

28.7 
11.9 

29.0 
12.4 

19.1 
39.7 

38.4 
40.6 

34.4 
53.3 

79.0 
37.4 

46.4 
48.8 

59.2 
116.5 

181.4 
69.1 

283.0 
145.5 

52.9 
43.4 

71.4 
81.0 

55.2 
28.1 

67.6 
51.7 

14.9 
30.0 

44.3 
42.7 

of 
prod- 
ucts. 


39.1 
35.0 


*  Includes  Indian  Territory. 


528 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 

COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  25  PRINCIPAL  CITIES:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899. 


Note.— The  figures  for  some  cities  do  not  agree  with  those  published  In  1904  because  it  was  necessary  to  revise  the  totals  in  order  to  Include  data  only  for  those  establish- 
ments located  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  cities.  , .      .         ,      ,    ^  „      ^     ^  i 
"^                                         *^                                                        [A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease.] 


Table  112. 


New  York,  N.Y 

Chicago,  III 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Detroit,  Mich 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.Y 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Newark,  N.  J 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Baltimore,  Md 

Minneai>olIs,  Minn . . . 
Kansas  City,  Kans. . . 
San.  Francisco,  Cal . . . 
Jersey  City,  N.  J 

Indianax)olis,  Ind 

Providence,  R.I 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Louisville,  Ky 

South  Omaha,  Nebr.. 
Yoimgstown,  Ohio. . . 

Lawrence,  Mass 

New  Orleans,  La 


Cen- 
sus. 


Num- 
ber of 
estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 
1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 
1899 

1909 
1904 


25,938 
20,839 
19,243 

9,656 
8,159 
7,668 

8,379 
7,087 
7,503 

2,667 
2,482 
2,646 

2,148 
1,616 
1,350 

2,036 
1,362 
1,259 

1,659 
1,562 
1,301 

3,155 

2,747 
2,878 

1,753 
1,538 
1,478 

1,764 
1,527 
1,419 

1,858 
1,600 
1,573 

2,184 
2,171 
2,454 

2,502 
2,158 
2,274 

1,102 
876 


165 
100 
114 

1,796 
2,251 
1,748 

745 
628 
536 

855 
810 
697 

1,080 
881 
929 

1,203 
1,109 
1,221 

903 

842 
860 

71 
41 
41 

115 
113 
103 
162 
187 
167 
848 
690 
688 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  INDUSTRY. 


Total. 


680,510 
552,952 


356,954 
289,529 


294,498 
259,878 


104,587 
95,962 


72,362 


95,841 
55,718 


79,625 
81,407 


85,158 
71,421 


61,246 
50,390 


68,933 
49,843 


69,986 
57,463 


72,488 
68,954 


83,473 
74,234 


33,923 
26,045 


14,333 

11,761 


36,910 
46,666 


30,239 
23,312 


37,929 
31,431 


51,667 
43,748 


46,617 
37, 128 


32,397 
28,817 


7,659 
6,571 


11,851 
8,903 


31,589 
22,726 


20,938 
20,406 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
firm 
mem- 
bers. 


29,055 
24,650 


8,156 
7,269 


9,162 
8,140 


1,869 
1,883 


1,718 
1,445 


1,804 
1,312 


1,553 
1,516 


2,873 
2,833 


1,489 
1,559 


1,472 
1,393 


1,704 
1,631 


2,015 
2,180 


2,660 
2,432 


1,012 

847 


2,544 
3,047 


614 
580 


631 
591 


1,017 
893 


1,042 
1,084 


669 
706 


145 
183 


754 
606 


Salaried 

em- 
ployees. 


97,453 
63,586 
43,783 

54,821 
40,276 
32,406 

33,452 
22,839 
17,498 

15,347 
11,381 


12,240 
6,876 
5,064 

13,026 
5,923 
4,947 

10,598 
8,273 
5,850 

12,648 
9,428 
7,691 

8,345 
5,264 
3,767 

7,959 
6,084 
4,077 

8,327 
5,135 
4,146 

10,281 
8,190 
6,164 

9,369 
6,752 
5,501 

5,949 
3,527 
2,158 

1,897 
1,150 
2,063 

6,122 
5,190 
3,413 

4,171 
2,379 
1,614 

5,483 
4,115 
2,325 

4,269 
3,051 
2,493 

6,467 
4,265 
3,061 

4,705 
3,126 
2,491 

1,290 

875 
769 

1,259 
722 
414 

902 
633 
648 

2,998 
2,332 
1,579 


Wage 
earners 
(average 
number), 


554,002 
464,716 
388,586 

293,977 
241,984 
221, 191 

251,884 
228,899 
214, 775 

87,371 
82,698 
64,832 

84,728 
64,041 
55,341 

81,011 
48,483 
38,373 

67,474 
71,618 
71,794 

69,637 
59,100 
52,853 

51,412 
43,567 
34,275 

59,502 
43,366 
41,220 

59,955 
50,697 
42,878 

60, 192 
58,584 
54,942 

71,444 
65,050 
66,571 

26,962 
21,671 
19,620 

12,294 
10,529 
9,483 

28,244 
38,429 
32,555 

25,454 
20,353 
17,391 

31,815 
26,725 
20,985 

46,381 
39,804 
38,368 

39^108 
31,779 
28,049 

27,023 
24,985 
23,062 

6,306 
5,662 
6,327 

10, 498 
8,095 
8,679 

30,542 
21, 910 
20,899 

17, 186 
17,468 
16,185 


Primary 
horse- 
pwwcr. 


429,003 


525,236 


365,950 


163,615 


199,898 


114, 190 


307,666 


68,419 


121,791 


94,254 


78,263 


88,597 


76,764 


89,247 


31,885 


49,934 


35,917 


50, 872 


56, 410 


39, 277 


49,926 


11,859 


140,907 


73,066 
38,145 


Capital. 


Sala- 
ries. 


Cost  of 
materials. 


Value  of 
products. 


Value 
added  by 
manu- 
facture 
(value  of 
products 
less  cost 
of  ma- 
terials). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


$1,364,353 

1,042,946 

853,238 

$122,074 
73,028 
51,656 

$323,698 
248, 128 
196,656 

971,841 
637,743 
511,249 

65,925 
45,601 
32,068 

174, 112 
136,405 
108,727 

691,397 
520,179 
445,725 

39,446 
25,396 
18,931 

126,381 
107,640 
94,737 

269,392 
265,937 
150,526 

19,671 
13,475 
10,079 

48,535 
42,642 
29,145 

227,397 
156,321 
101,243 

15,506 
8,299 
5,453 

48,053 
33,450 
26,518 

190,125 
91,038 
67,224 

15,260 
6,126 
4,726 

43,007 
22,558 
15,317 

283,139 
260,765 
211,774 

12,683 
9,753 
6,351 

39,973 
39,805 
37,635 

175, 182 
131,563 
130,143 

15,641 
10,464 
8,180 

39,910 
31,873 
28,209 

193,041 
137,023 
95, 740 

9,347 
5,542 
3,429 

28,727 
21,622 
15,678 

219,391 
101,494 
105,504 

9,405 
5,837 
4,305 

31,437 
20.809 
17, 102 

154,233 
119,026 
97,182 

11,777 
6,685 
5,256 

33,076 
25,622 
20,365 

150,254 
130,272 
103,464 

12,759 
9,077 
6,437 

31,101 
27,390 
23,104 

164,437 
146,961 
107,217 

10,571 
6,997 
5,871 

31, 171 
25,507 
23,493 

90,382 
66,135 
50,177 

6,277 
3,536 
2,113 

15,638 
11,418 
9,383 

42,817 
27,773 
18,236 

2,138 
1,216 
1,911 

7,027 
5,449 
4,259 

133,824 
102,362 
69,643 

8,086 
6,630 
3,929 

22,381 
25,015 
17,259 

79,794 
82,395 
78,612 

5,049 
2,990 
2,039 

13,216 
10,021 
7,965 

76,497 
53,420 
34,736 

6,494 
4,096 
2,248 

16,557 
12,620 

8,844 

118,512 
95.666 
79,686 

5,650 
3,819 
3,053 

24,449 
19,555 
16,931 

95,708 
69,807 
45,210 

7,734 
4,529 
3,131 

21,518 
14,  702 
11,366 

79,437 
79,999 
44,016 

5,533 
3,307 
2,595 

12,460 
10,812 
8,436 

19,877 
20,564 
10,382 

1,559 
950 
736 

3,544 
3,210 
3,115 

87,160 
40,956 
22,064 

1,593 
870 
478 

7,835 
5,460 
4,730 

79,550 
60,063 
48,827 

1,581 
971 
997 

13,787 
8,908 
8,197 

56,934 
56,995 
42,858 

3,240 
2,386 
1,667 

8,020 
7,396 
6,176 

$1,092,155 
818,029 
634,210 

793,470 
589,914 
502,222 

429,092 
333,352 
295, 175 

188, 189 
137,740 
101,838 

154,915 
97,578 
76,465 

130,218 
66,581 
47,007 

148,527 
124,581 
128,458 

124,577 
94,603 
82,295 

136,538 
88.367 
65,939 

120,621 
71,103 
59,694 

114,679 
80,689 
60,772 

101,932 
83,258 
71,391 

■  107,024 
80,555 
75,223 

119,993 

88,882 
68,910 

144,390 
83,883 
68,875 

76,217 
75,946 
65,535 

89,317 
48,799 
50,266 

84, 151 
51,763 
38,287 

64,770 
49.973 
42,551 

50,674 
37,918 
28,245 

54, 128 
45,682 
34,876 

77,673 
59, 193 
61,018 
62,292 
35,183 
23, 133 

45,438 
29, 416 
24,842 

48,732 
58,828 
40,385 


$2,029,693 
1,526,523 
1,172,870 

1  281, 171 
955,036 
797,879 

746,076 
591,388 
519,982 

328,495 
267,307 
193,733 

271,961 
171,924 
139,356 

252,992 
128,247 
88,366 

243,454 
211,259 
218, 198 

237,457 
184,351 
162, 765 

218,804 
147,378 
105,627 

208,324 
137,995 
110,854 

202,511 
150,055 
112,728 

194,516 
166,059 
141,678 

186,978 
150, 171 
135,108 

165,405 
121, 163 
94,408 

164,081 
96,473 
80,023 

133,041 
137, 788 
107,024 

128,775 
75,741 
72,930 

126,522 
82.228 
59,322 

120,241 
91,981 
78,657 

112,676 
81,109 
59,669 

101,284 
83,204 
66, 110 

92,436 
67,415 
69,509 

81,271 
46,853 
33,908 

79,993 
48,037 
41,742 

78,794 
81,411 
57,446 


$937, 538 
708,494 
538,660 

487, 701 
365,122 
295,657 

316,984 
258,036 
224,807 

140,306 
129,567 
91,895 

117,046 
74,346 
62,891 

122, 774 
61,666 
41,359 

94,927 
86,678 
89,740 

112,880 
89, 748 
80,470 

82,266 
59.011 
39,688 

87,703 
66,892 
51,160 

87,832 
69,366 
51,956 

92,584 
82,801 
70,287 

79,954 
69,616 
59,885 

45,412 
32,281 
25,498, 

19,691 
12,590 
11, 148 

56,824 
61,842 
41,489 

39,458 
26,942 
22,664 

42,371 
30,465 
21,035 

55,471 
42.008 
36,106 

62,002 
43, 191 
31,424 

47, 156 
37,522 
31,234 

14.763 
8.222 
8.491 

18.979 
11.670 
10,775 

34,555 
18,621 
16,900 
30,062 
22,583 
17,061 


PER  CENT  OP 
INCREASE. 


Wage 
earners 
(aver- 
age 
num- 
ber). 


19.2 
19.6 

33.0 
30.2 

21.5 
9.4 

34.1 
19.7 

10.0 
6.6 

26.2 
13.7 

5.6 
27.6 

22.9 
38.0 

32.3 
15.7 

58.2 
23.4 

67.1 
26.3 

97.3 
45.1 

-5.8 
-0.2 

15.2 
-3.2 

17.7 
11.9 

28.8 
13.3 

18.0 
27.1 

48.5 
39.5 

37.2 
5.2 

51.0 
24.5 

18.3 
18.2 

35.0 
33.1 

2.7 
6.6 

17.1 
17.2 

9.8 
-2.3 

24.5 
11.1 

24.4 
10.5 

36.5 
28.3 

16.8 
11.0 

70.1 
20.6 

-26.5 
18.0 

-3.4 

28.7 

25.1 
17.0 

70.0 
3.9 

19.0 
27.4 

5,3.9 
38.6 

16.5 
3.7 

30.7 
16.9 

23.1 
13.3 

38.9 
35.9 

8.2 
8.3 

21.7 
25.9 

11.4 
-10.5 

37.1 
-3.0 

29.7 
-6.7 

73.5 
38.2 

39.4 

4.8 

66.5 
IS.l 

-1.6 
7.9 

-3.2 
41.7 

STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES.  529 

CITIES  OF  10,000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER— NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899. 

Note.— The  figures  for  some  cities  do  not  agree  with  those  published  in  1904,  because  It  was  necessary  to  revise  the  totals  In  order  to  include  data  only  for  those 
establishments  located  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  cities.  Figures  for  1904  and  1899  are  available  for  cities  which  had  between  8,000  and  10,000  inhabitants  in  1900 
and  are  included,  but  for  cities  having  less  than  8,000  inhabitants  in  1900  comparative  data  are  not  available. 


Table  113. 


Alabama: 

Anniston 

Bessemer 

Birmingham. 

Oadsden 

Mobile 

Montgomery. 
Selma 


Aeizona: 
Phoenix. 
Tucson.. 


Arkansas: 

Argenta 

Fort  Smith.. 
Hot  Springs. 
Little  Rock.. 
Pine  Bluff... 


California: 

Alameda 

Bakersfleld 

Berkeley 

Eureka 

Fresno 

Long  Beach 

Loe  Angeles 

Oakland 

Pasadena 

Pomona 

Redlands 

Riverside 

Sacramento 

San  Bernardino. 

San  Diego 

San  Francisco. . , 

San  Jose , 

Santa  Barbara.. 

Santa  Crus 

Stockton 

Vallejo 


CJCLOEADO: 

Colorado  Springs . 

Cripple  Creek 

Denver , 

Leadvllle 

Pueblo 

Trinidad 


<Jonnecticut: 

Ansonla 

Bridgeport 

Danbury 

Hartford 

Meriden 

Mlddletown 

Naugatuck  borough . .  *. 

New  Britain 

New  Haven 

New  London 

Norwich 

Stamford 

Torrington  borough 

Waterbury 

Wlllimantlc 


Delaware: 
Wilmington . 


District  of  CoLtnisu. 


Florida: 

Jacksonville. 
Key  West... 

Pensacola 

Tampa 


'Georgia: 

Athens 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Brunswick. 
Columbus.. 

Macon 

Rome 

Savannah . . 
*Vaycross... 

Idaho: 

Boise 


NUMBER   OF    ESTAB- 
LISHMENTS. 


IW»       1904       1899 


39 
31 

248 
27 

126 
73 
35 


18 
83 
71 
125 
42 


51 
27 
84 
48 
76 
61 
1,325 

441 
88 
30 
37 
53 

211 
41 

117 
1,796 

153 
51 
34 

144 
23 


59 


766 


72497°— 13 34   + 


53 
367 
131 
396 
120 
58 
24 
111 
590 
70 
91 
86 
54 
169 
47 


261 
518 


114 
56 
60 

215 


37 
483 
71 
23 
55 
80 
36 
137 
21 


50 


139 
59 
26 


63 
22 
104 
34 


30 

23 

44 

22 

80 

02 

814 
248 
46 

634 
195 
28 

166 

111 

89 

2,251 

153 

67 

1,748 

124 

iio 

91 

49 
22 
722 
32 
80 


49 
306 
103 
340 
97 
65 
22 
95 
490 
57 
87 
62 
43 
143 
35 


245 
482 


125 
73 
39 

141 


28 
294 
64 
29 
52 
61 


34 
36 
574 
34 


49 
286 
104 
322 
92 
60 
22 
82 
437 
54 
89 
49 
37 
124 
30 


262 
491 


27 
196 
80 
25 
58 
66 


AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


2,167 
1,816 

'786 

2,362 

2,284 

813 


304 

555 


2,157 
1,455 
335 
2,017 
1,118 


915 

746 
1,084 

946 
1,038 

277 
17,327 
6,905 

224 
147 
267 

4,614 
729 

1,071 
28,244 

1,430 
266 
274 

1,594 
203 


516 

'12,058 


1,320 
220 


4,127 
25,775 
4,810 
14,627 
7,845 
2,434 
3,464 
13,513 
23,547 
2,225 
4,470 
3,984 
4,488 
20,170 
3,020 

14,663 
7,707 


1,988 

2,431 

961 

8,996 


962 
12,302 
5,073 

385 
4,661 
3,729 
1,014 
2,727 
1,130 


411 


1904 


2,005 
'3,987 


2,496 
1,940 


1,049 

239 

1,971 

1.425 


279 

372 

338 

211 

1,615 

819 

10,424 

3,353 

318 

5,173 

2,476 

177 

4,203 

3,686 

641 

38,429 

1,280 

255 

32,555 

1,221 

1,333 

1,185 

410 

61 

9,672 

861 

941 


3,394 
19,492 
4,515 
11,221 
7,281 
2,318 
3,628 
10,073 
21,437 
2,554 
3,706 
3,341 
4,025 
15,406 
2,852 


13,508 
6,299 


2,650 
2,466 
1,206 
5,831 


509 
11,891 
4,839 
254 
4,434 
3,661 


3,230 


1899 


1,445 
'3,'496 


2,371 
1,528 


677 

94 

1,397 

990 


409 

167 

8,500 

1,227 

790 


3,288 

17,038 
3,939 

10,677 
6,689 
2,495 
3,160 
8,019 

17,594 
1,963 
3,172 
2,445 
3,161 

13,225 
2,258 


14,498 
6,166 


1,238 

1,809 

578 

3,919 


589 
7,966 
5,563 

351 
4,110 
2,994 


2,249 


value  of  products. 


1909 


$4,333 
6,106 

24,128 
1,525 
5,429 
5,443 
2,382 


1,467 
2,037 


4,842 
3,739 
844 
6,882 
2,387 


2,554 
2,819 
4.435 
3,012 

11,090 
927 

08,586 

22,343 

1,724 

660 

518 

1,178 

13,977 
1,660 
4,741 
133,041 
5,611 
1,169 
1,161 

11,849 
1,896 


1,733 
'5i,"538 


3,345 
814 


20,088 
65,609 
10,318 
40,680 
16,317 
4,955 
11,033 
22,021 
51,071 
4,483 
9,389 
8,739 
12,550 
50,350 
6,733 


38,060 
25,289 


6,722 
3,965 
1,963 
17,653 


2,112 
33,038 
10,456 
672 
8,552 
10,703 
1,864 
6,734 
1,203 


1,661 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAC- 
TURE (value  of  PB0DUCT3 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


$3,327 
"7,' 593 


4,942 
3,878 
1,139 


2,329 

597 

4,690 

2,500 


1,474 
'9,' 754 


34,814 

9,015 

967 


10,073 


1,974 

137,788 

4,298 


8,030 


1,101 

223 

36,660 

5,446 

2,197 


19, 132 
44, 586 
8,066 
25,974 
13,764 
4,351 
11,010 
14,960 
39,666 
4,710 
6,022 
5,890 
9,674 
32,367 
4,902 


30,285 
18,359 


5,340 
4,254 
1,937 
11,264 


1,158 
25,746 
8,829 
407 
7,080 
7,297 


6,340 


1899 


$1,863 
'  '8,'599 


3,486 
2,944 
1,419 


1,401 

191 

3,379 

1,541 


1,335 
'"651 


2,752 


15, 134 

5,368 

331 


9,495 


670 

107,024 

3,292 


5,525 


845 

441 

37,906 

6,883 

1,440 


18,515 
33,536 
6,527 
23,829 
11,751 
4,152 
8,887 
11,096 
34,900 
4,221 
5,935 
3,920 
9,178 
30,330 
3,023 


30,587 
16,426 


1,799 
3,088 
1,053 
7,083 


678 
14,419 
7,984 

703 
5,061 
5,452 


3,750 


1909 


$1,509 

1,867 

10, 118 

621 

2,490 

2,420 

787 


603 
767 


2,157 
1,733 
541 
2,868 
1,033 


1,625 

1,119 

1,748 

1,518 

3,098 

429 

29,673 

10,496 

870 

330 

279 

511 

7,083 

897 

2,074 

56,824 

2,368 

473 

493 

3,529 

492 


910 

'26,'6ii 
....... 


503 


5,477 

27,662 

5,439 

22,817 

9,374 

2,012 

3,704 

13,693 

26,752 

1,952 

4,587 

5,035 

5,087 

21,624 

3,539 


16,093 
15,042 


2,725 
2,322 
1,008 
10,280 


783 
16,620 
3,854 

414 
2,990 
3,833 

786 
3,385 

591 


766 


1904 


$1,449 
'  3," 644 


2,620 

1,689 

512 


1,216 

309 

2,131 

1,079 


2,926 


16,125 

4,708 

646 


4,929 


838 

61,842 

1,786 


2,180 


147 

15,660 

1,562 

1,256 


3,824 

22,252 
4,371 

14,487 
8,120 
1,788 
3,750 
9,292 

21,145 
2,183 
2,979 
3,560 
3,759 

14,597 
2,832 


12,164 
10,627 


2,550 
2,448 
1,117 
6,713 


405 
12,305 
2,876 

220 
2,796 
3,181 


3,086 


530 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


CITIES  OF  10  000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER— NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  lis— Continued. 


ILUNOIS: 

Alton 

Aurora 

Belleville 

BloomingtoD 

Cairo 

Canton 

Champaign 

Chicago 

Chicago  Heights.. 

Cicero  town' 

Danville 

Decatur 

East  St.  Louis... 

Elgin 

Evanston 

Freeport 

Galesburg 

Jacksonvule 

Joliet 

Kankakee 

La  Salle 

Lincoln 

Mattoon 

lloline 

Oak  Park  village. 

Ottawa 

Peoria 


Quincy 

Rock  Island. 

Rockford 

Springfield.. 

Streator 

Waukegan.. 


Induka:* 

Anderson 

East  Chicago.. 

Elkhart 

Elwood 

Evansvllle 

Fort  Wayne. . . 

Hammond 

Huntington . . . 
Indianapolis... 
JeSersonville.. 

Kokomo 

Lafoyette 

Laporte 

Logaosport 

Itoion 

Michigan  City. 

Mishawaka 

Muncie 

New  Albany. . , 

Peru 

Richmond 

South  Bend . . . 
Terre  Haute. . . 
Vincennes 


Iowa: 

Boone 

Burlington 

Cedar  Rapids.. 

Clinton 

Council  Bluffs. 

Davenport 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Fort  Dodge... 

Iowa  City 

Keokuk 

Marshall  town. 
Mason  City. . . . 

Muscatine 

Ottumwa 

Sioux  aty 

Waterloo 


Kansas: 

Atchison 

Cofleyville 

Fort  Scott 

Galena 

Hutcliinson... 
Index)endence. 
Kansas  City... 

Lawrence 

Leavenworth.. 

Parsons 

Pittsburg 

Topeka 

Wichita , 


NUMBER  OF  ESTAB- 
USHMENTS. 


1909   1904   1899 


165 
119 
107 
56 
33 
42 
9,656 
79 
7 

76 
157 
139 
115 
60 
69 
62 
57 
137 
55 
29 
40 
35 
66 
23 


283 
235 
74 
205 
171 
45 
59 


116 

16 

69 

37 

299 

230 

49 

33 

855 

35 

72 

69 

41 

68 

89 

48 

42 

102 

95 

31 

107 

218 

170 

84 


34 

128 

153 

69 

101 

232 

387 

156 

44 

44 

91 

49 

49 

113 

93 

136 

108 


67 
31 
165 
49 
79 
25 
49 
202 
225 


62 
103 


36 
8,159 


70 
116 
91 
76 
33 
61 
58 
55 
104 
49 
24 
39 
34 
62 


54 
263 
234 

72 
180 
122 

34 

41 


58 
32 
268 
193 
38 
36 
810 
33 
61 
80 


97 
93 
43 
98 
156 
178 


34 

109 
134 
83 
71 
173 
291 
156 
42 


107 
62 

106 
90 


34 
154 
110 


72 
108 
58 
80 
27 
51 
39 
55 
135 
36 
26 
36 
39 
55 


57 
291 
198 

66 
159 
106 

42 

32 


96 


57 
46 
273 
178 
21 
30 
697 
34 
62 
85 


90 


131 
143 
48 


35 
125 
89 
81 
74 
163 
218 
161 
30 


105 
61 

123 
55 


60 

39 

46 

32 

15 

19 

44 

42 

100 

114 

39 

39 

89 

89 

33 
145 
103 


AVESAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


2,429 
5,095 
1,872 
2,077 
1,237 
1,262 

273 

293,977 

3,953 

658 
1,744 
2,699 
5,252 
6,094 

837 
2,853 
1,465 

947 
6,383 
1,349 
1,293 

220 

948 
5,449 

282 


5,981 
4,032 
1,754 
9,309 
3,652 
1,275 
3,090 


4,393 
2,370 
3,010 
2,073 
8,997 

10,298 
3,841 
1,376 

31,815 
766 
2,051 
1,660 
1,674 
2,169 
2,269 
2,887 
3,445 
4,033 
1,910 
619 
3,621 

11,789 
4,359 
1,233 


330 
4,190 
3,565 
2,414 
1,434 
4,231 
5,383 
5,168 
1,115 

282 
1,541 
1,365 

807 
3,496 
2,650 
3,750 
3,124 


824 

1,069 

266 


667 

252 
12,294 

422 
1,311 
1,130 

972 
4,244 
2,783 


1904 


3,069 
4,078 
1,765 
2,275 
1,435 


289 
241,984 


1,884 
2,340 
4,605 
4,885 

738 
1,516 
1,447 

899 
5,792 
1,038 
1,197 

236 
1,022 
3,987 


1,127 
5,834 
4,602 
1,703 
7,239 
3,071 
1,544 
825 


3,079 


2,265 
1,779 
7,758 
7,729 
1,548 
1,311 
26,725 
1,492 
1,917 
1,786 


1,720 
2,219 
3,140 


2,855 
2,240 
912 
2,970 
8,997 
4,044 
1,354 


367 
2,915 
3,259 
2,153 
1,001 
3,840 
4,155 
4,274 

961 


1,533 


2,763 
2,304 
2,299 
1,674 


798 


244 
130 
510 


10,529 

402 

1,321 


•  While  the  population  for  1900  was  In 

*  Does  not  include  statistics  lor  Gary. 


919 
3,953 
1,262 


1899 


2,174 
3,949 
1,335 
1,671 
1,501 


245 
221, 191 


957 

1,920 

3,106 

4,376 

400 

1,333 

1,070 

1,066 

5,792 

377 

917 

188 

632 

4,138 


1,020 
5,996 
3,815 
1,885 
5,851 
2,199 
1,283 
495 


3,537 


2,123 
2,745 
6,284 
6,519 
2,683 
1,246 
20,985 
1,516 
1,355 
1,343 


1,316 
2,843 
2,912 


3,848 
2,137 
1,136 
2,688 
7,678 
4,679 
906 


485 
2,054 
2,374 
2,502 

788 
3,403 
3,479 
4,658 

390 


1,362 
1,112 


2,589 

1,820 

2,463 

804 


583 


389 
114 
536 


461 
1,141 


882 

2,874 

863 


VALUE  OK  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


$10,096 

10, 954 

4,615 

4,868 

4,440 

2,942 

846 

1,281,171 

10,839 

1,461 

3,351 

9,768 

18,228 

11,120 

3,778 

7,811 

2,919 

2,299 

38,817 

2,723 

5,308 

570 

1,434 

20,892 

1,118 


63,061 

11,436 
5,387 

22,266 
8,497 
2,137 

19,984 


13,765 

5,483 

6,932 

8,408 

22,929 

23,687 

15,580 

2,228 

126,522 

1,916 

5,451 

5,542 

3,972 

4,201 

4,442 

8,290 

10,883 

9,684 

3,493 

1,097 

10,374 

27,854 

21,793 

4,234 


682 
8,443 
24,824 
7,480 
3,760 
18,802 
23,585 
15,376 
2,975 
805 
7,399 
4,822 
2,881 
6,166 
14,838 
37,425 
8,999 


4,405 
4,752 
1,010 


3,614 

757 

164,081 

1,653 

4,875 

1,626 

1,817 

17,821 

22,564 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAC- 
TimE  (VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERULS). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


S8,697 
7,329 
4,357 
5,777 
4,382 


955,036 


3,304 
8,667 

10,586 
9,349 
2,551 
3,109 
2,218 
1,982 

32,897 

2,089 

3,158 

784 

1,309 

13,158 


2,078 
60,420 
10,748 
5,333 
15,276 
5,797 
1,889 
3,962 


8,181 


4,345 
6,111 
18,091 
14,011 
7,671 
2,081 
82,228 
4,526 
3,651 
4,631 


2,956 
4,034 
6,314 


5,891 
3,835 
1,343 
6,732 
15,180 
18,008 
3,029 


714 

5,779 

16,280 

4,906 

1,924 

13,696 

15,085 

9,279 

3,026 


4,226 
3,090 


5,040 
10,374 
14,761 

4,694 


3,829 


786 

797 

2,031 


96,473 

658 

4,152 


1,494 
14,449 
7,390 


1899 


$4,250 
5,638 
2,873 
3,012 
3,116 


354 
797,879 


1,914 
5,134 
6,241 
6,386 

830 

2,708 

1,450 

1,684 

26, 132 

649 
3,309 

375 

764 
9,302 


1,738 
44,569 
7,919 
4,622 
11,022 
3,467 
1,245 
733 


8,296 


3,933 
9,433 
12,168 
11,263 
25,070 
1,725 
59,322 
3.772 
2,062 
3,514 


2,100 
4,593 
6,032 


7,042 
3,638 
1,338 
4,754 
12,960 
26,296 
1,979 


629 
4,450 
11,136 
6,203 
1,692 
9,872 
8,397 
9,651 
1,006 


3,049 
3,957 


5,220 


14,227 
2,088 


2,093 


714 

421 

1,541 


80,023 
1,239 
3,251 


excess  of  10,000,  statistics  for  that  census  are  not  available. 


1,434 
8,357 
3,329 


1909 


$2,834 
5,373 
2,291 
2,341 
1,483 
1,759 

427 

487,701 

5,227 

728 
1,921 
3,850 
6,788 
6,582 
1,428 
3,394 
1,503 

992 
11,059 
1,230 
2,380 

280 

765 
9,703 

727 


45,288 
5,644 
2,569 

11,684 
4,293 
1,320 
5,820 


5,638 

2,423 

3,911 

2,159 

10,135 

12,272 

8,929 

1,098 

42,371 

833 

2,469 

2,096 

2,158 

2,219 

2,118 

2,925 

5,613 

4,210 

1,607 

615 

5,256 

12,601 

13, 136 

1,818 


399 
3,798 
6,174 
2,850 
1,812 
7,231 
10,020 
6,266 
1,163 

465 
2,715 
1,643 
1,085 
3,428 
2,672 
7,037 
4,357 


1,268 

1,260 

340 


941 

365 
19,691 

498 
1,677 

891 
1,093 
5,562 
5,579 


1904 


$3,274 
3,791 
2,570 
2,285 
1,544 


328 
365,122 


1,639 
3,074 
4,890 
5,259 

968 
1,686 
1,282 

880 

11,638 

1,063 

1,280 

409 

787 
6,263 


1,305 
44,585 
5,560 
2,753 
7,210 
3,307 
1,305 
1,004 


3,321 


2,329 
1,714 
7,969 
6,992 
5,126 
985 
30,465 
1,699 
2,057 
1,928 


1,394 
2,296 
2,334 


2,571 
1,794 
718 
3,731 
7,010 
10,361 
1,288 


415 
3,073 
4,000 
2,260 

994 
4,857 
6,441 
4,573 
1,324 


1,992 
950 


2,025 
1,841 
3,365 
1,945 


873 


323 
109 
644 


12,590 

341 

1,564 


4,216 
1,963 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES.  531 

CITIES  OF  10,000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVEE^NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS. 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  113— Continued. 


Kintucky: 
Covington.. 
Frankfort.. 
Henderson. 
Lexington. . 
Louisville . . 
Newport. .. 
Owensboro. 
Paducah . . . 


Louisuna: 

Alexandria... 
Baton  Rouge. 
Lake  Charles. 

Monroe 

New  Orleans. 
Shreveport... 


Maine: 

Auburn 

Augusta 

Bangor 

Bath 

Biddeford.. 
Lewiston . . 
Portland . . . 
Waterville. 


Maryland: 

Baltimore . . . 
Cumberland. 
Frederick . . . 
Hagerstown . 


Massachusetts: 

Adams  town 

Arlington  town 

Attleborough  town. 

Beverly 

Boston 

Brockton 

Brookline  town 

Cambridge 

Chelsea 

Chicopee 

Clinton  town 

Everett 

Fall  River 

Fltchburg 

Framingham  town. 

Gardner  town 

Gloucester 

Greenfield  town 

Haverhill 

Holyoke 

Hyde  Park  town. . . 

Lawrence 

Leominster  town . . . 

Lowell 

Lynn 

Maiden 

Marlborough 

Medford 

Melrose 

Methuen  town 

Milford  town 

New  Bedford 

Newburyport 

Newton 

North  Adams 

Northampton 

Peabody  town 

Plttsfleld 

Plymouth  town 

Quincy 

Revere  town 

Salem 

Somerville 

Southbridge  town. . 

Springfield 

Taunton 

Wakefield  town 

Waltham 

Watertown  town . . . 

Webster  town 

Westfield  town 

Weymouth  town. . . 

Winthrop  town 

Wobum 

Worcester 


NUMBEK  OF  ESTAB- 
LISHMENTS. 


1909 


196 
31 
43 
85 
903 
144 
69 
91 


30 
33 
33 
23 
848 
61 


83 
40 
122 


43 
83 
271 
33 


2,502 
71 
65 
76 


31 

19 
128 

63 

3,155 

196 

16 
276 

no 

58 
39 
62 
288 
122 
27 
52 
102 
47 
346 
187 
40 
162 
94 
320 
431 
86 
59 
40 
25 
19 
53 
207 
74 
46 
60 
71 
74 
71 
32 
183 
14 
155 
114 
36 
346 
146 
23 
80 
25 
23 
91 
41 
7 
59 
580 


1904 


199 
30 
34 
84 
842 
105 
60 
84 


37 


690 
63 


72 
44 

87 
46 
33 
81 
243 
40 


2,158 
72 
66 

67 


23 

18 

108 

71 

2,747 

201 

13 

262 

130 

40 

35 

51 

234 

107 

36 

50 

132 


320 
179 
40 
187 
65 
256 
431 
59 
46 
37 
24 


44 
176 
69 
48 
58 
77 
76 
44 
36 
161 
12 
143 
78 
32 
296 
127 
22 
60 
20 
16 
86 
46 


52 
470 


1899 


204 
34 
26 
88 
860 
134 
51 
70 


46 


67 
52 

101 
54 
39 
84 

234 
29 


2,274 
66 
64 
80 


26 
12 

108 

73 

2,878 

186 
8 

243 

120 
46 
22 
52 

240 

115 
34 
46 

137 


390 
158 
33 
167 
70 
286 
423 
53 
50 
36 
16 


50 
171 
64 
45 
68 
66 
86 
69 
27 
153 
17 
162 
85 
32 
278 
114 
26 
74 
27 
20 


47 
465 


AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


3,942 
537 
1,088 
1,032 
27,023 
2,632 
1,064 
2,613 


613 
357 
736 
681 
17,186 
1,U4 


3,452 
2,096 
1,327 


5,076 
6,788 
4,902 
1,812 


71,444 
1,936 
1,026 
1,718 


3,991 

283 

6,429 

4,487 

69,637 

14,737 
340 

15,260 
5,954 
7,260 
4,123 
2,680 

37,139 
8,497 
3,069 
3,617 
2,181 
1,251 

11,689 

16,513 
4,320 

30,542 
5,601 

32,575 

27,368 
2,900 
4,265 
560 
1,038 
1,572 
1,801 

26,566 
3,215 
2,174 
5,414 
3,150 
4,850 
6,353 
2,912 
5,492 
101 
6,338 
5,280 
4,037 

11,855 
7,407 
2,230 
6,037 
4,335 
3,409 
3,060 
1,991 
7 
1,653 

28,221 


1904 


3,703 

525 

459 

1,114 

24,985 

1,958 

1,392 

2,841 


620 


17,468 
1,162 


2,652 
1,860 
1,496 
1,950 
4,764 
6,167 
4,345 
2.011 


65,050 
2,276 
1,032 
2,210 


209 
5,044 
2,083 

69,160 

13,889 
495 

14,586 
4,939 
4,670 
3,482 
2,186 

26,836 
6,498 
2,484 
3,168 
1,763 


9,574 
14,685 

3,991 
21,910 

4,127 
29,303 
21,540 

2,954 

3,479 
484 

1,571 


1,782 
17,855 
2,955 
1,893 
5,502 
2,963 
3,953 
4,455 
2,300 
5,371 
125 
5,945 
3,474 
3,223 
10,523 
6,608 
1,804 
6,208 
3,322 
3,107 
2,634 
1,841 


1,482 
22,796 


1899 


3,212 

281 

352 

797 

23,062 

1,955 
890 

2,061 


16,185 
736 


2,749 
2,018 
1,511 
2,097 
4,375 
6,677 
3,763 
1,926 


66,571 
1,643 


1,515 


3,182 

122 

4.811 

2,275 

52,853 

10,296 
324 

11,070 
2,959 
4,085 
3,836 
1,877 

30,646 
6,218 
2,207 
2,896 
2,367 


9,761 
12,519 

2,483 
20,899 

3,412 
29,254 
16,377 

2,416 

2,524 
575 

1,180 


1,357 
1.5,263 
2,801 
1,823 
6,312 
2,635 
2,661 
3,198 
1,511 
2,128 
87 
5,625 
3,528 
2,687 
8,152 
6,590 
1,436 
4,861 
1,935 
2,377 
2.370 
1,922 


1,356 
22,593 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAO 
TURE  (VALUE  OF  PRODUCT! 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS), 


1909 


$8,712 
3,083 
2,932 
2,851 
101,284 
6,491 
3,505 
4,967 


1,279 

658 

2,251 

1,265 

78,794 

3,643 


8,843 
4,662 
3,346 


9,012 
10,475 
11,950 

3,179 


186,978 
4,534 
2,911 
3,197 


6,410 

695 

15,160 

8,653 

237,457 

45,972 

532 

44,227 

17,003 

19,219 

7,845 

8,747 

64, 146 

23,252 

6,917 

6,485 

7,753 

2,801 

35,377 

40,097 

7,336 

79,993 

10,531 

60,271 

71,503 

8,206 

10,382 

2,045 

2,825 

3,476 

4,442 

53,238 

6,931 

6,279 

10,315 

6,999 

15,549 

15,215 

11,618 

10,505 

407 

14,576 

38,687 

6,269 

31, 773 

15,380 

5,527 

7,814 

11,546 

11,296 

7,362 

6,627 

42 

5.408 

77, 148 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


$6,100 
1,747 
1,365 
2,775 

83,204 
5,231 
3.319 
4,443 


1,383 


81,411 
2,838 


6,407 
3,887 
3,408 
3,654 
6,949 
8,528 
9,133 
3,009 


150, 171 
4,595 
1,938 
3,027 


5,492 

493 

10,050 

4,101 

184,351 

37,791 

733 

42,407 

13,879 

7,716 

5,458 

6,136 

43,473 

15,391 

4,174 

5,019 

6,921 


24,447 
30,731 

6,739 
48,037 

7,502 
46,879 
55,003 
11,236 

7,469 
872 

9,451 


3,390 

29,469 

6,810 

4.141 

8,036 

5,756 

10,237 

8,577 

11,116 

8,982 

355 

12,202 

22,955 

4,202 

25,860 

13,645 

4,808 

7,150 

15.525 

5,868 

5.818 

4,922 


4,654 
52,145 


1899 


$5,479 
1,327 
1,032 
1,889 

66, 110 
3,548 
1,740 
2,977 


718 


57,446 
1,566 


5,965 
3,313 
3,336 
3,697 
5,472 
7,779 
7,334 
2,284 


135,108 
2,900 
1,438 
1,820 


3,894 

266 

8,751 

3,781 

162,765 

24,855 
485 

29,092 
9,519 
5,389 
5,043 
4,437 

39,103 

13,008 
3,007 
4,386 
6,293 


23,419 
24,093 
4,384 
41,742 
5,397 
41,203 
39,347 
6,602 
4,498 
1,132 
3,416 


2,552 

23,397 

5, 141 

3,679 

10, 741 

4,707 

6,944 

5,754 

5,530 

3,012 

156 

10,711 

20,065 

3,512 

18, 155 

11,544 

2,647 

5,890 

5,330 

4,008 

4,441 

5,389 


4,003 
46,793 


$4,241 
1,115 
1,210 
1,602 

47, 156 
3,125 
1,253 
2,619 


322 

982 

710 

30,062 

1,554 


3,053 
2,178 
1,499 


4,114 
5,200 
6,941 
1,408 


79,954 

1,858 

836 

1,399 


3,328 

384 

8,347 

5,362 

112,880 

17,407 
336 

20,661 
6,434 
8,267 
3,629 
4,241 

28,622 
8,810 
3,506 
3,652 
2,983 
1,767 

13,691 

17,796 
3,985 

34,555 
4,955 

27,440 

30,142 
3,818 
4,007 
795 
1,236 
1,250 
2,053 

24,674 
3,150 
2,896 
4,739 
3,836 
5,357 
6,687 
3,143 
6,661 
115 
5,936 
6,764 
3,144 

17, 410 
7,605 
2,692 
6,370 
5,083 
3,476 
4,494 
2,423 
17 
2,294 

.34,547 


532 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


CITIES  OF  10,000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER— NUMBER  OP'  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

(See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


'Table  IIS— Continued. 


NUUBEB  OF  ESTAB- 
LISHMENTS. 


1909       1904       1899 


Michigan: 

Adrian 

Alpena 

Ann  Arbor 

Battle  Creek 

Bay  City 

Detroit 

Escanaba 

Flint 

Grand  Rapids 

Holland 

Ironwood 

Ishpemlng 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Lansing 

Manistee 

Marquette 

Menominee 

Muskegon 

Pontiac 

Port  Huron 

Saginaw 

Sault  Ste.  Marie. . 
Traverse  City 

Minnesota: 

Duluth 

Mankato 

Miimeapolls 

St.  Cloud 

St.  Paul 

Stillwater 

Virginia 

Winona 

Missisappi: 

Hattiesburg 

Jackson 

1        Meridian 

Natchez 

Vlcksburg 

Missouri: 

Hannibal 

Jefferson  City 

Joplin 

Kansas  City 

Moberly 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Louis 

Sedalla 

Springfield 

Webb  City 

Montana:  > 

Anaconda 

Billings 

Butte 

.    Helena 

Missoula 

Nebraska: 

Grand  Island 

Lincoln 

Omaha 

South  Omaha 

Nevada: 

Reno 

New  Hampshire: 

Berlin 

Concord 

Dover 

Keene 

Laconia 

Manchester 

Nashua 

Portsmouth 

New  Jersey: 

Asbury  Park 

Atlantic  City 

Bayonne 

Bloomfleld  town . 

Bridgeton 

Camden 

East  Orange 

Elizabeth 

Garfield  borough. 
Hackensack  town 
Harrison  town... 

Hoboken 

Irvington  town. . . 


80 
58 
63 
105 
182 
2,036 
39 
104 
524 
59 
14 
19 
169 
193 
169 
64 
34 
52 
101 
42 
82 
203 
47 
61 


194 

63 

1,102 

69 

719 
38 
21 


66 
35 
77 

902 
31 

261 

2,667 

75 

108 
25 


44 
167 
432 

71 


20 
111 
51 
64 
43 
175 
104 
36 


27 
94 
97 
45 
74 

365 
42 

163 
25 
46 
54 

244 
51 


65 
57 
65 
120 
173 
1,362 
34 
70 
388 


13 
15 
147 
157 
98 
47 
31 
45 
70 
47 
74 
179 
38 
46 


163 
54 

876 
39 

614 
36 


58 
45 
56 

612 
28 

219 

2,482 

50 

82 

19 


128 

318 

41 


17 
80 
42 
50 
55 
1.55 
78 
27 


62 
58 
33 
61 

298 
17 

124 


23 
41 
279 


63 
46 
71 
75 

177 

1,259 

26 

63 

382 


14 
14 

117 
129 
74 
56 
29 
38 
67 
47 
78 
184 
33 
36 


126 
47 

789 
30 

537 
32 


66 
41 
45 

585 
32 

184 
2,646 
57 
79 
12 


81 

307 

41 


40 
57 
53 
166 
72 
38 


36 
63 
39 
62 

322 
22 

141 


21 

41 
194 


average  number  of  wage 
earners. 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


1,059 
1,432 

573 

4,175 

4,737 

81,011 

720 
7,088 
17,590 
1,940 

201 
66 
4,797 
6,272 
5,285 
2,125 

498 
1,700 
4,522 
1,739 
1,580 
5,990 
1,005 
1,220 


6,083 

807 

26,962 

626 

19,339 

688 

188 

2,032 


648 
799 

1,524 
428 

1,202 


2,445 
1,336 

830 
14,643 

999 

5,390 

87,371 

935 
2,131 

170 


97 
226 
662 
420 
428 


616 
2,140 
8,023 
6,306 


1,790 
2,693 
3,030 
1,769 
2  146 
24,735 
7,312 
992 


1904 


1,502 

1,245 

549 

3,389 

4,450 

48,483 

949 

2,161 

15,514 


73 
3,967 
5,666 
2,982 
2,084 

738 
1,489 
3,078 
1,296 
2,136 
4,445 

895 
1,108 


3,987 
724 

21,671 
414 

14,363 
955 


1.953 


1,346 

316 

1,031 


1,811 

262 

680 

11,039 

496 

4,663 

82,698 

974 

2,158 
138 


478 
349 


1,617 
5,822 
5,662 


2,282 
2,654 
2,859 
1,685 
1,957 
17,579 
6,159 
638 


381 

7,057 

1,893 

2,276 

12,661 

854 

12,335 


812 
4,040 
7,227 


1899 


1,030 

1,202 

623 

2,051 

4,309 

38,373 

520 

1,960 

12,929 


90 

80 

3,715 

3,870 

1,425 

2,103 

836 

1,703 

3,078 

1,092 

2,026 

4,205 

317 

909 


3,658 
520 

19,620 
607 

13,019 
829 


1,965 


&34 

648 
987 


1,238 
299 
682 

9,699 
656 

5,095 

64,832 

909 

1,710 
126 


411 
264 


1,104 
5,276 
6,327 


2,810 
2,432 
2,797 
1,576 
1,535 
17,862 
5,777 
1,323 


305 
4,670 
1,612 
2,182 
7,742 

690 


487 
2,859 
5,712 


1909 


$6,085 

3,964 

1,866 

20,174 

10,294 

252,992 

1,074 

24,118 

42,231 

4,622 

377 

132 

14,006 

17,904 

16,567 

3,344 

1,254 

3,728 

9,648 

5,894 

3,588 

18,833 

4,619 

2,289 


17,180 
3,723 
165,405 
2,299 
58,990 
2,686 
519 
11,199 


1,251 
3,113 

4,238 
1,114 
2.229 


6,195 
5,446 
4,136 

64,704 
1,984 

17,626 

328, 495 

2,333 

5,382 

777 


501 
1,243 
2,464 
1,303 
1,171 


1,837 

7,010 

60,854 

92,430 


5,897 
6,477 
6,370 
3,483 
3,818 
46,812 
17,326 
2,871 


602 
2,260 

73,641 
5,895 
4,070 

49,138 
3,725 

29,147 
8,894 
1.978 

13,142 

20,413 
3,018 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAC- 
TURE (VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


$4,897 
2,905 
1,386 

12,298 
8,809 
128,247 
1,333 
6, 177 

30,690 


202 

247 

8,348 

13,142 
6,887 
3,257 
2,364 
2,974 
6,319 
3,047 
3,715 

10,079 
2,412 
2,177 


10, 139 

3,422 

121,163 

1,800 

38,319 
2,784 


7,850 


3,267 
820 

1,888 


3,564 

3,927 

3,006 

35,573 

801 

11,574 

267,307 

1,692 

5,293 


1,760 
1,163 


6,222 
54,004 
67, 415 


5,989 
5,374 
6,043 
2,691 
3,097 
30,697 
12,858 
2,602 


975 
60,634 
4,645 
2,9ti4 
33,587 
2,327 
29,301 


1,488 
8,409 
14,077 


1899 


$2,125 
2,273 
1,377 
6,301 
9,011 

88,366 

610 

4,713 

22,229 


146 
195 
6,710 
7,186 
2,942 
3,625 
1,586 
4,076 
4,628 
2,471 
3,627 
8,653 
728 
1.201 


7,811 

1,887 
94,408 

1,561 
30,056 

1,801 


6,013 


1,924 
1,115 
1,368 


2,699 

3,061 

2,325 

23,588 

792 

11.362 

193,733 

1,283 

3,434 

354 


1,517 
776 


2,764 
38,074 
69,509 


6,985 
4,211 
5,440 
2,584 
2,182 
24,628 
10,096 
3,961 


608 
38,601 
3,371 
2,259 
17,970 
2,087 
22,861 


782 
6,087 
10,483 


1909 


$1,935 

1,663 

856 

13,106 

4,647 

122, 774 

710 

10, 147 

22,495 

2,038 

176 

80 

5,838 

8,399 

7,765 

2,055 

698 

2,071 

4,710 

2,654 

1,639 

8,424 

1,496 

1,106 


8,336 

995 

45,412 

957 

28,690 

1,038 

357 

3,869 


626 
1,145 
1,764 

425 
1,081 


1,879 

1,794 

1,778 

23,742 

892 

6,573 

140,306 

1,117 

2,334 

264 


434 

478 

1,644 

810 


826 
3,146 
17,439 
14,763 


2,243 
2,931 
3,134 
1,646 
1,805 
16,315 
6,947 
1,510 


308 
1,124 

14,709 
3,594 
2,073 

21,754 
1,957 

12,718 
2,919 
1,079 
7,729 

10,944 
675 


19frl 


$2,068 

1,220 

612 

8,314 

3,861 

61,666 

929 

2.408 

16,268 


124 

105 
4,076 
6,246 
3,414 
1,983 

972 
1,601 
2,793 
1,312 
1,968 
4,712 

985 
1,079 


5,505 

893 

32,281 

683 

18,831 

1,300 


2,576 


1,215 
317 
895 


1,408 

1,440 

1,046 

16,048 

402 

4,754 

129,567 

867 
1,901 

243 


1,192 
735 


2,531 
11.111 

8,222 


2,324 
2,543 
2,173 
1,314 
1,377 
11,990 
4,. 375 
1,714 


610 
13,650 
2,895 
1,725 
13, 164 
1,219 
12,320 


801 
4.780 
7,497 


»  Does  not  include  statistics  for  Great  Falls. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


CITIES  OF  10,000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER^NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 


[See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.) 


Table  113— Continued. 


New  Jbbskt— Continued. 

Jersey  City 

Kearny  town 

Long  Branch 

MillviUe 

Montclalr  town 

Morristown  town 

New  Brunswiclt 

Newark: 

Orange 

Passaic 

Paterson 

Perth  Amboy 

Phillipsburg  town 

Plainfleld 

Trenton 

Union  town 

West  Hoboken  town... 
West  New  Yorlc  town. . 
West  Orange  town 

New  Mexico: 

Albuquerque 

New  Yoek:  > 

Albany 

Amsterdam 

Auburn 

Batavia  village 

Bingham  ton 

Busalo 

Cohoes 

Coming 

Cortland 

Dunkirk 

Elmira 

Fulton 

Oeneva 

Glens  Falls 

Gloversville 

Homell 

Hudson 

Ithaca 

Jamestown 

Johnstown 

Kingston 

Little  Falls 

Lockport 

Middletown 

Mount  Vernon 

Newburgh 

New  Rochelle 

New  York 

Niagara  Falls 

North  Tonawanda 

Ogdensburg 

Olean 

Ossining  village 

Oswego 

Peekskill  village 

Plattsburg 

Port  Chester  village 

Poughkeepsie 

Rensselaer 

Rochester 

Rome 

Saratoga  Springs  village 

Schenectady 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Utica 

Watertown 

Watervliet 

White  Plains  village. . . 
Yonkers 

NoKTH  Cabouna: 

Asheville 

Charlotte 

Durham 

Greensboro 

Raleigh 

Wilmington 

Winston 

NOBTH  Dakota: 

Fargo .• 

Grand  Forks 


V.U.UE  ADDED  BY  MANDFAO- 

VALUE  OF  PEODUCTS.                1 

TUBE  (VALUE  OF  PEODUCTS 

NUMB 
L 

EE  OF  ESTAB- 
[SHMENTS. 

AVEEAGE 

NtrUBEE 

EAENEES. 

OF  WAGE 

LESS  COST  OF  MATEBIALS). 

Expressed  in  thousands. 

1M» 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

1899 

1909 

1904 

1899 

745 

628 

536 

25,454 

20,353 

17,391 

$128,775 

$75,741 

$72,930 

$39,458 

$26,942 

$22, 664 

18 

11 

16 

2,820 

1,303 

986 

8,306 

4,428 

1,607 

3,043 

923 

623 

34 

26 

11 

415 

294 

96 

1,117 

577 

281 

533 

370 

172 

39 

35 

18 

2,761 

2,767 

2,239 

4,182 

3,719 

2,514 

2,583 

2,335 

1,595 

23 

19 

23 

252 

151 

169 

1,026 

621 

664 

357 

202 

278 

31 

26 

22 

201 

307 

252 

724 

705 

596 

355 

406 

286 

93 

71 

72 

5,264 

4,590 

3,836 

10,005 

8,917 

5,791 

5,456 

4,759 

2,797 

1,858 

1,600 

1,573 

59,955 

50,697 

42,878 

202,511 

150,055 

112,728 

87,832 

69,366 

51,956 

85 

66 

74 

4,383 

2,450 

1,640 

9,176 

6,151 

2,996 

5,488 

3,509 

1,416 

169 

95 

70 

15,086 

11,000 

6.399 

41,729 

22,783 

12,805 

17,394 

9,673 

5,387 

702 

513 

487 

32.004 

28,509 

28,542 

69,584 

54,673 

48,502 

34,856 

27,232 

23,447 

80 

53 

47 

5,866 

3,950 

2,005 

73,093 

34,800 

14,061 

9,161 

4,484 

2,714 

39 

32 

34 

3,432 

3,148 

2.216 

9,150 

6,684 

4,585 

4,380 

3,118 

1,782 

60 

49 

32 

1,758 

1,986 

1,384 

3,649 

3,572 

2,437 

2,119 

2,418 

1,024 

340 

311 

246 

18,543 

14,130 

13.138 

49,009 

32,360 

28,458 

21,336 

14,809 

11,877 

83 

n 

67 

2,894 

1,856 

1.376 

7,941 

3,512 

3,403 

4,402 

2,120 

1,995 

137 

05 

66 

2,782 

3,562 

2,733 

5.577 

5,947 

4,769 

3,089 

2,825 

2,240 

66 

1,508 
476 

587 

9,861 

9,274 

748 

1,288 
22,826 

1,865 
349 

704 

12,305 

10 

31 

395 

490 

611 

8,976 

8,106 

20,209 

17,269 

10,832 

9,762 

97 

89 

98 

10,284 

7,993 

6.261 

22,440 

15,007 

10,643 

9,254 

6,154 

4,653 

140 

111 

120 

6,497 

6,660 

0,895 

15,961 

13,421 

9,575 

7,024 

5.176 

4,363 

59 

51 

64 

2,007 

1.603 

1,673 

4,401 

3,589 

2,673 

2,620 

1,806 

1,327 

266 

241 

219 

6.823 

5,636 

5,011 

17,114 

13,907 

10,539 

8,388 

7,486 

5, 177 

1,753 

1,538 

1,478 

51,412 

43,567 

34,275 

218,804 

147,378 

105,627 

82,266 

59,011 

39,688 

103 

98 

112 

8.209 

6.910 

8,273 

14,831 

10,290 

11,031 

6,655 

4,006 

5,123 

45 

57 

49 

2,074 

2,355 

1.600 

3,050 

3,084 

2,273 

2,186 

2,009 

1,353 

51 

53 

46 

2,356 

2,282 

1,412 

6,395 

4,574 

3,064 

2,821 

1,976 

1,268 

57 

38 

41 

2,756 

3,395 

2,533 

6,576 

9,909 

5,226 

3,368 

5,160 

2,211 

154 

142 

144 

3,647 

3,208 

3,570 

8,067 

6,308 

6,597 

4,477 

3,307 

2,695 

45 

2,799 
1,526 

7,867 

3,010 

56 

54 

49 

1,580 

1,180 

5,154 

4,952 

2,716 

2,163 

1,956 

1,066 

68 

49 

67 

2,774 

2,052 

3,101 

4,877 

2,825 

3,994 

2,568 

1,533 

2,135 

187 

180 

183 

5,741 

5,048 

7,813 

14,171 

9,341 

9,070 

6,109 

4,089 

3,816 

45 

45 

48 

2,183 

2,200 

1,549 

3,648 

3,163 

2.431 

1,770 

1,699 

1,123 

45 

48 

46 

1,302 

1,524 

1,132 

3,506 

4,116 

2,604 

1,443 

2,038 

1,270 

81 

67 

62 

873 

873 

861 

1,920 

2,080 

1,501 

1,080 

1,261 

845 

156 

149 

108 

6,789 

5,237 

4,528 

14,720 

10,350 

7,731 

7,336 

6,099 

3,937 

138 

100 

115 

2.589 

2,426 

3,695 

6,574 

4,543 

5,123 

2,649 

1,982 

2,138 

99 

96 

109 

3,281 

2,636 

2,042 

5,986 

4,812 

3,952 

3,404 

2,700 

2,049 

55 

49 

52 

4,211 

2,621 

2,980 

8,460 

4,471 

4,071 

3,537 

1,936 

1,838 

109 

109 

124 

2,138 

2,323 

2,359 

8,168 

5,808 

5,353 

2,818 

2,492 

2,256 

59 

50 

51 

1,733 

1,596 

1,396 

4,658 

3,356 

2,155 

1,753 

1,400 

830 

90 

64 

37 

1,207 

670 

438 

3,376 

1,877 

910 

2,090 

1,092 

582 

104 

79 

93 

4,344 

4,013 

3,074 

9,928 

7,036 

5,358 

5,085 

3,760 

2,710 

42 

28 

25 

735 

517 

198 

1,669 

1,103 

508 

855 

641 

230 

25,938 

20,839 

19,243 

554,002 

464,716 

388,586 

2,029,693 

1,526,523 

1,172,870 

937,538 

708,494 

5;J8,  (>60 

156 

85 

93 

6,089 

4,574 

2,840 

28,652 

16,916 

8,540 

14,381 

7,724 

3,652 

81 

38 

34 

2,824 

2,025 

1,666 

9,600 

6,499 

6,294 

3,211 

1,965 

2,050 

75 

55 

74 

1,259 

929 

809 

4,948 

3,057 

2,261 

1,440 

794 

7,50 

54 

41 

47 

2,259 

1,176 

1,793 

10,005 

4,677 

6,210 

2,277 

1,380 

1,395 

34 

356 
3,817 

1,329 
10,413 

863 
4,310 

81 

77 

75 

3,746 

3,457 

7,592 

7,487 

2,875 

3,175 

52 

46' 

37 

2,055 

1,957 

1,281 

7,888 

7,252 

1,783 

4.946 

4,970 

1,022 

41 

39 

39 

1,049 

760 

621 

3,137 

1,057 

1,043 

1,392 

647 

519 

34 

2,122 
3,299 

6,243 
9,151 

1,689 
5,284 

111 

108 

118 

3,775 

2,810 

7,207 

5,57« 

3,674 

2,595 

33 

763 

2.296 

1,130 

1,203 

1,109 

1,221 

39,108 

31,779 

28,049 

112,676 

81,109 

59,669 

62,002 

43,191 

31,424 

119 

89 

87 

3,633 

3,209 

2,274 

14,423 

8,631 

6,549 

4,219 

2,937 

2,087 

39 

35 

44 

833 

590 

602 

2,337 

1,709 

1,334 

1,454 

1,007 

656 

134 

103 

83 

14,931 

14.316 

8,494 

38,165 

33,084 

17,605 

16,213 

16,587 

7,680 

738 

637 

630 

18,148 

14,554 

11,809 

49,435 

34,687 

26,546 

27,659 

18,605 

13,998 

363 

311 

327 

20,020 

19,114 

22,933 

37,980 

31,861 

28,739 

22,354 

18,115 

17,277 

317 

333 

311 

13,153 

10,882 

8,898 

31,199 

22,880 

16,479 

14,553 

10,106 

8.285 

107 

85 

91 

3,291 

3,020 

3,223 

8,527 

7,251 

6,888 

4,706 

3,909 

3,180 

36 

36 

41 

753 

1,111 

1,000 

1,669 

1,738 

1,507 

853 

899 

774 

33 

249 
12,711 

816 
59,334 

444 
16,132 

158 

106 

107 

9,779 

7,555 

33,549 

17,304 

10,219 

7,762 

52 

45 

37 

984 

792 

804 

3,250 

1,918 

1,300 

955 

671 

479 

108 

73 

57 

4,199 

2,234 

2,787 

10,460 

4,850 

4,187 

3,929 

1,981 

1,583 

61 

3,718 
952 

23,271 

13,461 

61 

63 

43 

1,098 

677 

2,031 

1,744 

926 

925 

766 

418 

55 

42 

39 

1,023 

585 

549 

2,376 

1,087 

947 

1,100 

575 

514 

64 

53 

50 

1,213 

1,594 

1,553 

3,005 

2,904 

2,283 

1,102 

1,189 

891 

52 

47 

30 

6,708 

4,850 

2,894 

16,778 

11,353 

4,888 

9,882 

7,510 

3,255 

61 

47 

36 

510 

386 

307 

2,477 

1,161 

1,231 

1,067 

606 

448 

38 

350 

1,910 

659 

'  Does  not  include  statistics  for  Lackawanna. 


534 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


CITIES  OF  10  000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER-NITMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
^  VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AJfD  1899-Continued. 

(See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  113— Continued. 


Omo:i 

Akron 

Alliance 

Ashtabula 

Bellaire 

Cambridge 

Canton 

Chillicothe 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Columbus 

Dayton 

East  Liverixwl. 

Elyria 

Findlay 

Hamilton 

Ironton 

Lancaster 

Lima 

Lorain 

Mansfield 

Marietta 

Marion 

Massillon 

Middletown 

Kewarlc 

Norwood 

Piqua 

Portsmouth 

Sandusky 

Springfield 

Steuljenville 

Tiflin 

Toledo 

Warren 

Youngstown 

Zanesville 


Oklahoma: 

Chickasha 

Enid 

Guthrie 

McAlester 

Muskogee 

Oklahoma  City. 

Shawnee 

Tulsa 


Oregon: 
Portland . 
Salem 


Pennstlvanu: 

Allentown 

Altoona 

Beaver  Falls  Iwrough  . . 

Bethlehem  borough  » 

Braddock  borough 

Bradford 

Butler  borough 

Carbondale 

Carlisle  borough 

Carnegie  borough 

Chambersburg  borough. 

Chester 

Columbia  borough 

Connellsville  borough.. . 

Dutwis  borough 

Dunmore  borough 

Easton 

Erie 

Greensburg  borough 

Harrisburg 

Hazleton 

Homestead  borough 

Johnstown 

Lancaster 

Lebanon 

McKeesport 

McKees  Rocks  borough. 
Mahanoy  City  borough . 

Meadvilie 

Mount  Carmei  borough . 

Nanticoke  borough 

New  Castle 

Norristown  lx)roueh 

Oil  City 

Philadelphia 

Phoenixville  hwrough... 

Pittsburgh 

Pittston 


NTTMBEB  Of  E3TAB- 
USHMENTS. 


1909 


246 
44 

44 
36 
32 

204 

57 

2,184 

2,148 

586 

513 
82 
58 
74 

125 
63 
42 
85 
57 

121 
66 
55 
56 
41 
72 
49 
82 
75 
91 

195 
55 
75 

760 
68 

115 

109 


30 
65 
34 
29 
64 
171 
40 
53 


649 
62 


1904 


186 
40 
36 
37 
34 

158 

64 

2,171 

1,616 

459 

431 
81 
50 
71 

113 
57 
42 
77 
43 

109 
73 
47 
52 
47 
78 


76 
81 
93 

157 
72 
87 

597 
53 

113 
99 


437 


257 
73 
42 


175 
62 
27 
82 
300 
103 
75 


29 
62 
19 
12 
71 
84 
36 

7,087 
31 

1,562 
40 


1899 


178 
39 
29 
30 
28 

164 

46 

2,454 

1,350 

408 

425 
75 
32 
80 
97 
53 
36 
76 
26 
95 
77 
34 
49 
41 


100 
81 

164 
54 
75 

445 
44 

103 

115 


33 


216 
57 
47 


175 
45 
15 
66 

284 
97 
67 


48 

39 

47 

44 

131 

121 

44 

53 

34 

24 

15 

18 

97 

106 

261 

260 

AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


15,831 
2,524 
1,471 
2,597 
1,230 
9,964 
1,674 
60,192 
84,728 
16,428 
21,549 
4,873 
2,673 
1,376 
6,895 
1,920 
1,532 
3,607 
6,697 
3,204 
1,288 
2,019 
1,934 
2,576 
3,913 
3,907 
2,683 
3,728 
2,118 
7,405 
4,267 
1,632 
18,878 
1,798 
10,498 
3,150 


364 
303 
282 
180 
381 
1,398 
1,014 
462 


12,214 
597 


11,481 
8,409 
2,180 
1,583 
1,040 
1,318 
2,823 
1,503 
1,334 

422 
1,364 
6,986 
2,773 
1,035 
1,015 
1,308 
3,388 
9,796 

310 
9,743 
2,682 

171 
10,574 
7,957 
5,591 
8,246 
3,591 

590 
2,048 

600 

348 
5,339 
3,818 
1,338 
251,884 
2,599 
67,474 

792 


'  Does  not  include  statistics  for 
5  While  the  population  for  1900 


17 

71 

77 

42 
,503 

32 
,301 

27 

Lakewood. 
was  in  exce.ss  of 


1904 


9,626 
1,442 

846 
2,183 
814 
5,938 
1,553 
58,584 
64,041 
14,350 
17,093 
5,228 
1,144 
1,343 
6,107 
1,800 
1,695 
2,733 
3,102 
3,021 
1,314 
1,721 
1,995 
1,814 
3,627 


2,044 
4,072 
2,323 
6,258 
4,184 
1,645 
15,697 
1,505 
8,095 
3,098 


333 


720 


8,171 


9,540 
2,232 


1,225 
1,490 
2,093 
1,475 
1,340 


7,955 
1,406 
307 
6,914 
8,693 
4,387 


238 
1,300 

197 

229 
5,433 
3,517 
1,557 
228,899 
2,888 
71,618 

830 


1899 


8,259 
1,486 
373 
1,928 
768 
5,149 
1,112 
54,942 
55,341 
13,787 
14,408 
4,171 
638 
1,107 
5,147 
1,577 
1,069 
1,980 
2,233 
2,622 
1,511 
1,171 
1,474 
1,578 
2,075 


1,955 
4,153 
1,453 
6,299 
1,773 
1,238 
12,747 
1,832 
8,679 
3,405 


220 


5,380 


7,355 
6,573 
2,174 


815 
1,200 

792 
1,023 
1,121 


843 
7,061 
3,034 

612 

6,972 
2,519 

1,057 
1,133 
2,720 
8,415 

817 

614 

3,202 

8,032 

6,439 
822 
164 
5,600 
7,504 
4,475 
7,213 


301 
1,201 

109 

140 
4,529 
2,944 
1,683 
214,775 
2,249 
71,794 

357 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


$73,158 
6,135 
3,459 

10,091 
4,291 

28,583 

4,345 

194,516 

271,961 

49,032 

60,378 
6,629 
8,065 
3,487 

18,184 
7,118 
4,074 
7,754 

38,987 
8,173 
3,214 
5,667 
4,788 

16,517 
7,851 
9,684 
6,931 
7,277 
5,947 

19,246 

21,187 
3,254 

61,230 
5,988 

81,271 
9,145 


1,867 
2,453 
1,443 
451 
2,279 
7,868 
2,081 
1,563 


46,861 
2,208 


26,263 

16,763 

6,400 

3,712 

6,094 

3,887 

11,058 

2,523 

2,496 

3,099 

2,456 

19,373 

4,807 

1,971 

1,890 

1,851 

6,915 

24,226 

726 

22,725 

4,707 

659 

48,106 

15,979 

11,429 

42,495 

9,787 

868 

3,559 

785 

423 

38,038 

7,413 

4,122 

746,076 

6,876 

243,454 

1.969 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAC- 
TURE (VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS). 


Expressed  m  thousands. 


1904 


$33,559 
3,547 
1,895 

10,712 
2,441 

10,591 

3,147 

166,059 

171,924 

39,530 

39,597 
6,437 
2,933 
2,925 

13,811 
4,755 
3,848 
4,828 

14,491 
7,354 
2,599 
3,228 
3,707 
8,538 
5,613 


4,036 
6,645 
4,879 

13,382 

12,370 
2,434 

44,501 
4,414 

46,853 
6,347 


1,200 


3,671 


28,651 


16,841 
14,350 
4,908 


4,125 
3,192 
6,832 
2,316 
1,986 


1,085 
16,645 
3,887 


2,607 
1,460 
5,059 
18,639 


16,571 

2,186 

713 

28,892 

14,648 
6,978 

23,054 


431 

2,075 

620 

358 

28,923 

5,925 

3,082 

591,388 

5,500 

211,259 

1,475 


1899 


$22,016 

3,203 

884 

8,838 

2,202 

9,575 

1,616 

141,678 

139,356 

34,748 

31,015 

4,749 

1,221 

1,686 

10,656 

6,411 

1,905 

6,223 

9,481 

6,076 

2,398 

2,426 

2,749 

6,800 

2,879 


6,552 
6,659 
2,834 

12,116 
4,547 
1,902 

31,976 
4,585 

33,908 
5,708 


649 


16,904 


14,990 
11,273 
6,229 


4,091 
3,125 
1,403 
1,146 
1,708 

""sis 

14,940 
4,214 


1,768 
1,132 
5,425 
16,493 


14,996 
999 
266 

21,365 

12,750 
7,658 

36,058 


401 

1,668 

393 

310 

20,016 

4,107 

5.164 

519,982 

3,322 

218, 198 


1909 


$30,087 
3,282 
1,375 
2,932 
1,406 

13,939 
1,307 

92,584 
117,046 

23,828 

32,850 
4,108 
3,570 
1,393 
8,544 
2,124 
1,023 
3,885 

14,765 
3,817 
1,427 
3,090 
2,498 
8,567 
3,869 
5,663 
3,079 
3,383 
3,112 

10,327 
6,744 
2,002 

27,146 
2,924 

18,979 
3,641 


682 
646 
496 
256 
801 
2,722 
918 


20,785 
1,031 


10,682 
7,629 
3,385 
1,382 
1,747 
1,445 
3,464 
1,270 
1,065 

658 
1,286 
7,797 
2,136 
1,154 

964 

1,181 

3,491 

12,162 

396 
8,642 
2,005 

337 
15,758 
7,138 
4,651 
15,199 
4,380 

485 
1,843 

369 

243 
7,064 
4,139 
1,822 
316,984 
2,159 
94,927 

902 


1904 


$13,149 

1,646 

899 

3,396 

921 

6,997 

1,219 

82,801 

74,346 

20,286 

21,092 

4,330 

1,338 

1,346 

7,427 

1,332 

1,347 

2,673 

4,783 

3,831 

1,233 

1,876 

2,125 

4,846 

3,180 


2,128 
3,125 
2,743 
7,620 
4,127 
1,434 

19,035 
2,366 

11,670 
3,056 


499 


11,627 


6,968 
7,102 
2,666 


1,387 
1,599 
2,172 
1,203 
867 


516 

337 

6,223 

6,369 

1,434 

1,642 

882 

615 

910 

642 

2,375 

2,232 

9,212 

8,286 

6,244 
1,056 
448 
9,137 
7,050 
3,699 
10,744 


1,111 

193 

198 

7,711 

3,058 

1,748 

258,  a36 

2,477 

86,678 

747 


10,000,  statistics  for  that  census  are  not  available. 


STATES,  CITIES,  AND  INDUSTRIES.  535 

CITIES  OF  10,000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER— NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

[See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Table  113— Continued. 


PiirasYLVANiA— Continued. 

Plymouth  borough 

Pottstown  borough 

Pottsville  borough 

Reading 

Scran  ton 

Shamolcin  borough 

Sharon  borough 

Shenandoah  borough 

South  Bethlehem  borough. 

Steelton  l)orough ' 

Sunbury  twrough 

Union  town  borough 

Warren  twrough 

Washington  borough 

West  Chester  borough 

Willtes-Barre 

Willcinsburg  borough 

Williamsport 

Yorlc 

All  other  cities* 


Rhode  Island: 

Central  Falls 

Cranston 

Cumberland  town 

East  Providence  town. 

Newport 

Pawtucket 

Providence 

Warwick  town 

Woonsocket 


South  Carolina: 

Charleston 

Columbia 

Greenville 

Spartanburg... 

South  Dakota: 

Aberdeen 

Sioux  Falls.... 


Tennessee: 
Chattanooga. 

Jackson 

Knoxville... 

Memphis 

Nashville 


Texas: 

Austin 

Beaumont. . . 
Brownsville. 

Cleburne 

Dallas 

Denison 

El  Paso 

Fort  Worth.. 
Galveston . . . 

Houston 

Laredo 

Marshall 

Palestine 

Paris 

San  Angelo.. 
San  Antonio. 

Sherman 

Temple 

Tyler 

Waco 


Utah: 

Ogden 

Salt  Lake  City. 


Vermont: 

Barre 

Burlington. 
Rutland 


VreonnA:* 

Alexandria.. 

Danville 

Lynchburg.. 

Norfolk 

Petersburg... 
Portsmouth . 
Richmond... 

Roanoke 

Staunton 


NUMBER  ok  estab- 
lishments. 


19W       1904       18W 


23 

78 
91 
482 
293 
39 
45 


39 
41 
72 
75 
35 
176 
24 
159 
218 
99 


43 
28 
29 
26 
54 

217 

1,080 

49 

130 


116 
55 
41 
36 


185 
42 
159 
329 
384 


108 
56 
9 
24 

305 
29 
88 

147 
81 

249 
23 
22 
20 
45 
26 

194 
36 
37 
23 
93 


68 
245 


139 
82 
63 


54 
52 
82 

215 
72 
31 

380 
62 
44 


23 

77 
79 
402 
258 
48 
37 
30 
46 
18 
32 


35 
129 

30 
115 
228 


33 
13 
19 
21 
46 
186 
881 
37 
103 


108 
41 

36 
35 


177 
42 
138 
289 
357 


247 
25 
54 

102 
67 

209 
18 


141 
39 


63 
192 


105 
67 
51 


51 
34 
55 

121 
72 
28 

300 
54 


24 
65 
77 
403 
247 
46 
35 
23 
38 
18 
20 


43 


35 

138 
16 
142 
241 


36 

13 

10 

16 

43 

191 

039 

27 

104 


104 
41 
22 
28 


48 


149 
33 
102 
223 
337 


177 
39 
38 
68 
100 
146 
14 


113 
31 


51 
154 


146 
78 
61 


57 
46 
61 

140 
77 
22 

376 
38 


AVEEAQE  NUMBER  OF  WAQE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


3,650 

2,872 

24,145 

12,851 

1,623 

3,316 

242 

7,985 


2,069 
335 

1,489 

2,136 
916 

7,553 
185 

5,641 
10,492 
18,283 


2,475 

1,711 

5,359 

2,041 

736 

15,375 

46,381 

6,471 

10,703 


3,874 
3,533 
1,182 
1,773 


396 
•77 


«,410 
1,405 
3,773 
7,927 
9,731 


754 

863 

51 

835 

4,883 

833 

1,753 

3,059 

1,094 

5,338 

313 

977 

745 

541 

115 

3,105 

273 

366 

484 

1,033 


1,323 
4,287 


2,340 
2,371 
1,636 


1,470 
3,076 
4,026 
4,749 
3,887 

842 
14,849 
3,544 

339 


1904 


827 

3,457 

1,904 

18,053 

10,912 

897 
1,812 

170 
5,754 
4,656 
1,457 


1,174 


849 
5,920 

184 
6,296 
7,962 


2,443 

587 

4,574 

1,381 

849 

12.054 

39,804 

6,153 

8,672 


3,460 
2,393 
1,204 
1,650 


466 


6,430 
1,268 
2,999 
7,374 
8,033 


641 
733 


3,445 
736 

1,158 

1,423 
761 

5,056 
515 


644 
210 


2,457 
307 


368 
947 


1,013 
2,776 


3,198 
2,300 
1,803 


1,291 
3,018 
2,534 
2,935 
3,288 
551 
12,444 
3,089 


1899 


756 

2,681 

1,699 

16,892 

11,139 

762 
1,827 

107 
4,645 
4,762 

968 


1,050 


497 
4,749 

100 
4,717 
6,851 


2,372 

493 

1,500 

836 

881 

10,712 

38,368 

5,465 

7,591 


3,187 

2,091 

770 

1,361 


311 


4,729 
1,018 
4,203 
6,626 
6,726 


496 
1,006 


2,842 
668 
716 
943 
1,422 
3,188 
373 


481 
263 


2,683 
314 


431 
1,004 


678 
2,154 


1,875 
2,232 
1,496 


859 
2,933 
1,487 
2,638 
3,608 

471 
13,715 
2,431 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


$1,179 
12,505 
9,138 
51,135 
26,385 
3,544 
9,881 
888 
26,417 


4,450 
1,347 
5,744 
4,837 
2,146 
13,526 
538 
13,348 
18,622 
103,288 


5,471 

5,625 

9,827 

7,146 

1,379 

37,696 

120,241 

10,589 

28,218 


6,951 
6,872 
2,142 
3,276 


1,676 
3,889 


16,036 

2,710 

8,149 

30,242 

39,650 


3,845 
4,831 

121 
1,677 
36,969 
1,314 
3,637 
8,661 
6,308 
33,015 

321 
1,787 
1,313 
1,430 

318 
13,435 
4,676 
1,346 

996 
4,769 


3,713 
13,351 


3,852 
6,800 
2,680 


4,420 
5,389 
10,188 
10,341 
8,896 
1,528 
47,358 
7,261 
1,223 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANtJFAC- 
TURE  (VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS). 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


S860 

8,145 

6,806 

30,491 

20,453 

1,444 

5,671 

595 

15,275 

15,746 

2,593 


4,666 


2,121 
11,000 
472 
11,367 
13,333 


5,091 

1,639 

5,965 

5,544 

1,347 

25,847 

91,981 

7,052 

19,261 


6,007 
4,677 
1,677 
2,127 


14,361 
3,318 
6,699 
30,043 
31,667 


1,569 
2,610 


15,628 
1,235 
2,378 
5,668 
2,997 

13,564 
454 


736 

866 


7,402 
2,641 


629 
2,980 


2,507 
7,544 


3,373 
6,356 
2,523 


2,187 
4,775 
4,965 
5,739 
5,891 
945 
27,745 
5,545 


1899 


$533 

7,357 

4,830 

32,682 

24,742 

1,147 

3,765 

302 

9,964 

14,034 

1,868 


3,681 


869 
8,617 

246 
9,726 
10,560 


4,511 
1,403 
1,766 
5,347 
1,575 
19,272 
78,657 
6,020 
14,745 


5,713 

3,134 

967 

1,591 


884 


10,518 
1,577 
6,202 
14,233 
15,301 


765 
1,913 


9,488 
840 
1,213 
3,488 
3,675 
7,492 
331 


704 
743 


5,989 
1,461 


682 
2,294 


1,242 
4,279 


2,761 
6,066 
1,959 


1,539 
3,694 
2,994 
4,692 
5,293 
960 
24,669 
5,398 


1909 


$475 
3,506 
3,211 
21,287 
12,083 
1,415 
3.198 
552 
10,450 


2,222 

968 

2,068 

2,390 

1,479 

7,093 

276 

6,288 

9,756 

25,328 


2,090 
2,738 
5,209 
2,086 
809 
16,156 
55,471 
5,195 
11,456 


2,722 

2,294 

914 

1,191 


564 
1,280 


7,602 
1,495 
3,048 
12,391 
12,194 


1,218 

1,387 

75 

718 

9,993 

721 

2,141 

3,395 

2,041 

8,694 

147 

984 

691 

568 

185 

6,483 

629 

512 

459 

1,804 


1,648 
6,736 


2,744 
2,477 
1,473 


1,689 
2,153 
3,720 
4,859 
3,137 

752 
23,106 
3,217 

327 


« Included  in  "all  other  cities"  for  1909. 

*  Includes:  Coatesville,  Duquesne,  Monessen,  North  Braddock,  Old  Forge,  South  Sharon,  and  Steelton  boroughs,  to  avoid  disclosure  of  individual  operations. 

*  Does  not  include  statistics  for  Newport  News. 


636 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MANUFACTURES. 


CITIES  OF  10.000  INHABITANTS  OR  OVER-NUMBER  OF  ESTABLISHMENTS,  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE  EARNERS, 
VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  AND  VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFACTURE:  1909,  1904,  AND  1899— Continued. 

(See  explanatory  note  on  the  first  page  of  this  table.] 


Takle  118-€k>ntinued. 


Washington: 

Aberdeen 

Bellingham 

Everett 

North  Yakima 

SeatUe 

Spokane 

Taooma 

WaUa  Walla... 

West  Vibqinu: 

Bloefleld 

Charleston 

Hontlnxton.... 
Martinsourg... 
Parkersburg... 
Wheeling 

Wisconsin: 

Appleton 

Ashland 

Beloit 

Eau  Claire 

Fonddu  Lao... 

Green  Bay 

Janesville 

Elenosba 

La  Crosse^' 

Madison 

Manitowoc 

Marinette 

Milwaukee 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Superior 

Wausau..< 

Wyoming: 

Cheyenne 

All  other  cities  >  ... 


NUMBER  OK  ESTAB- 
USHMENTS. 


1909       1904       1S99 


43 
96 
94 
36 
751 
286 
276 
48 


15 
63 
67 
39 
75 
176 


97 

3S 

51 

75 

97 

102 

78 

62 

151 

116 

80 

43 

1,764 

159 

142 

109 

99 

67 


22 
142 


467 
188 
236 
33 


108 
37 
44 
73 
85 

103 
73 
45 

150 
84 
76 
37 
1,527 

134 

148 
96 
72 
58 


352 
84 

174 
34 


72 
178 


41 
43 
64 
74 
79 
72 
38 
131 
69 
62 
45 
1,419 
129 
135 
80 
75 
56 


AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS. 


1909 


1,509 
1,566 
2,375 

602 
11,331 
3,989 
5,765 

388 


670 
951 
3,156 
1,420 
1,495 
7,809 


2,125 
1,116 
2,986 
2,524 
2,707 
2,579 
1,451 
6,449 
3,329 
1,792 
1,525 
1,491 
59,502 
5,778 
8,381 
5,988 
1,847 
2,092 


853 
16,331 


1904 


1,314 


6,390 

2,428 

4,457 

242 


887 
2,229 


1,444 

7,127 


2,486 
1,361 
2,471 
1,985 
2,566 
2,111 
1,348 
4,354 
2,644 
1,476 
1,321 
1,645 
43,366 
4,840 
6,504 
5,903 
1,343 
1,945 


552 
8,401 


1899 


1,502 


4,440 

1,060 

3,552 

213 


1,717 


1,237 
6,190 


1,561 
1,812 
1,845 
1,758 
1,520 
1,427 
1,398 
3,090 
2,763 
1,365 
975 
2,485 
41,220 
4,226 
6,138 
4,992 
1,765 
1,716 


423 

6,892 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS. 


VALUE  ADDED  BY  MANUFAC- 
TURE (VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
LESS  COST  OF  MATERIALS). 


1909 


$3,590 
4,600 
7,423 
2,175 
50,569 
18,880 
22,450 
2,317 


1,465 
3,235 
6,511 
2,516 
5,499 
27,077 


6,734 
2,748 
5,886 
5,855 
8,227 
6,235 
5,156 
23,182 
14,103 
6,467 
5,939 
3,309 
208,324 
14, 739 
24,673 
11,299 
6,574 
6,287 


1,577 
82,537 


Expressed  in  thousands. 


1904 


$3,294 


25,406 
8,831 

14,264 
1,486 


2,101 
4,407 


3,778 
21,797 


6,673 
4,210 
4,485 
3,602 
5,600 
4,873 
3,846 

12,363 
8,139 
3,291 
4,428 
3,633 
137,995 
8,652 

16,459 
9,751 
6,357 
4,645 


925 
22,346 


1899 


12,629 


15,323 

3,756 

10,301 

964 


1,262 
3,642 


3,101 
15,074 


3,861 
3,600 
2,800 
3,876 
2,861 
2,7C9 
3,184 
7,334 
7,677 
2,689 
1,935 
4,411 
110,854 
8,081 
11,676 
6,907 
6,836 
3,381 


722 
15,272 


1909 


$1,418 
2,178 
3,564 
1,225 

21,884 

8,637 

8,734 

932 


576 
1,098 
3,129 
1,239 
1,939 
11,052 


2,477 
1,262 
3,447 
2,881 
3,153 
2,342 
2,279 
8,409 
6,306 
3,130 
1,976 
1.606 

87,703 
7,658 

13, 161 
5,210 
2,302 
2,962 


970 
22,218 


1904 


$1,643 


11,048 

4,131 

6,107 

557 


1,103 
1,731 


1,290 
9,308 


2,647 
2,018 
2,650 
1,803 
2,289 
2,177 
1,790 
4,971 
3,414 
1,998 
1,488 
2,052 
66,892 
4,220 
9,316 
4,198 
1,709 
2,096 


617 
11,389 


1899 


$1,076 


6,459 

1,723 

3,960 

343 


603 
1,144 


1,215 
6,668 


1,504 
2,084 
1,462 
1,764 
1,226 
1,346 
1,415 
2,311 
3,032 
1,551 
1,099 
2,697 
51,160 
3,799 
5,750 
3,195 
1,810 
1,473 


433 


i'i2*^"^^o^"^'  ^°**"'  ^"^^^^  ^^"*'  ^*>"'-»  Lackawanna,  N.  Y.,  Lakewood,  Ohio,  and  Newport  News,  Va.,  in  1909,  and  Great  Falls,  Mont.,  and  Newport  News,  Va. 

Ill  I9U4  ftiuQ  xoW* 


MINES  AND  QUARRIES 


Chapter  16.— STATISTICS  OF  MINES  AND  QUARRIES  FOR  INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


(537) 


Chapter    16. 
STATISTICS  OF  MINES  AND  QUARRIES  FOR  INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


Introdnction. — This  chapter  contains  a  summary  of 
the  statistics  of  mining  for  the  United  States  for  the 
calendar  year  1909,  as  shown  by  the  Thirteenth  Census. 

The  statistics  relate  both  to  mines  in  the  narrower 
sense  and  to  quarries  and  petroleum  and  gas  wells, 
but  for  brevity  all  these  enterprises  are  often  called 
"mines,"  using  the  term  in  its  broad  sense. 

The  principal  statistics  of  mining  industries  derived 
from  the  census  inquiry  are  given  in  a  series  of  general 
tables  at  the  end  of  the  chapter.  Table  25  gives  a 
comparative  summary  of  the  results  of  the  inquiries 
of  1909  and  1902,  comparing  for  each  geographic  divi- 
sion and  state  the  expenses  of  operation  and  develop- 
ment, the  primary  power,  and  the  value  of  products. 
Table  26  gives  a  similar  comparative  summary  for 
each  industry.  Table  27  gives  for  the  several  geo- 
graphic divisions  and  for  each  state  the  number  of 
operators;  the  number  of  mines,  quarries,  or  wells; 
capital;  expenses  of  operation  and  development;  num- 
ber of  persons  engaged  in  the  industry;  acreage  of  land 
controlled;  primary  power;  and  value  of  products. 
Table  28  gives  similar  information  for  each  industry. 
Table  29  gives  information  similar  to  that  contained 
in  Table  28  for  nonproducing  mines,  quarries,  and 
wells,  in  which  operations  are  as  yet  confined  to  devel- 
opment work. 

The  explanatory  text  deals  almost  exclusively  with 
the  producing  mines,  quanies,  and  wells,  and  gives 
for  all  mining  industries  combined  and  for  a  number 
of  the  more  important  industries  separately  further 
statistics  ampUfying  the  figures  given  in  the  geueral 
tables,  together  with  averages,  percentages,  etc.,  derived 
from  the  figures  in  those  tables. 

In  order  to  avoid  any  misapprehension  as  to  the 
significance  of  the  statistics  here  published,  it  seems 
advisable  to  offer  a  few  brief  explanations  of  the 
terms  used  in  the  census  of  mining  industries. 

Scope  of  census. — ^The  Thirteenth  Census  covered  all  classes  of 
mines  and  quarries  that  were  in  operation  during  any  portion  of 
the  year  1909,  both  those  which  were  producing  and  those  whose 
operations  were  confined  to  development  work,  and  petroleum  and 
gas  wells  that  were  in  operation  at  the  end  of  that  year.  Mines, 
quarries,  or  wells  that  were  idle  during  the  entire  year  1909  were 
omitted  from  the  canvass.  The  following  operations  were  likewise 
omitted  from  the  canvass:  Prospecting;  the  digging  or  dredging  of 
sand  and  gravel  for  the  construction  of  roads  and  for  building 
operations;  the  production  of  mineral  waters;  and  the  operation  of 
small  bitiuninous  coal  banks  producing  less  than  1,000  tons  an- 
nually.   VkTiere  the  mineral  products  are  not  marketed  in  their 


crude  condition,  but  are  dressed  or  washed  at  the  mine  or  quarry^ 
the  statistics  of  mining  cover  the  entire  work  of  obtaining  the  crude 
material  and  its  preparation  for  the  market. 

Period  covered. — The  returns  cover  the  calendar  year  1909,  or  the 
business  year  which  corresponds  moat  nearly  to  that  calendar  year. 
The  statistics  cover  a  year's  operations,  except  for  enterprises 
which  began  or  discontinued  business  during  the  year. 

Number  of  operators. — As  a  rule,  the  unit  of  enumeration  was  the 
"operator."  Every  individual,  firm,  or  corporation  was  required 
to  furnish  one  report  for  all  mines,  quarries,  or  wells  which  were 
operated  under  the  same  management,  or  for  which  one  set  of 
books  of  account  was  kept.  Where  several  mines,  quarries,  or 
wells  managed  separately  were  owned  by  the  same  operator,  it  was 
optional  with  the  operator  to  furnish  one  report  for  all  his  operations, 
or  a  separate  report  for  each  of  his  properties.  Separate  reports 
were  obtained  for  all  properties  operated  in  different  states,  even 
where  they  were  owned  by  the  same  operator.  Likewise,  where  the 
operations  of  one  individual,  firm,  or  corporation  covered  more 
than  one  class  of  mines  and  quarries,  such  as  coal,  iron,  limestone, 
etc.,  a  separate  report  was  received  for  each  industry.  The  total 
number  of  operators,  accordingly,  as  shown  by  the  original  returns, 
included  a  small  amount  of  duplication.  As  far  as  practicable, 
all  duplications  of  this  character  within  the  same  industry  were 
eliminated  by  the  consolidation  of  the  reports  for  the  same  operator. 
All  such  duplications  have  been  eliminated  for  the  coal,  petroleum 
and  natural  gas,  iron,  and  copper  industries. 

Number  of  mines,  quarries,  and  wells. — ^This  figure  represents 
the  total  number  of  mines  and  quarries  in  operation  or  in  the  course 
of  development  at  any  time  during  the  calendar  year  1909,  or  the 
business  year  that  corresponds  most  nearly  to  that  calendar  year, 
and  the  number  of  completed  petroleum  and  natural  gas  wells  in 
operation  on  December  31, 1909. 

In  most  mining  and  quarrying  industries  the  number  of  mines 
or  quarries  varies  but  little  from  the  number  of  operators,  the 
principal  variations  being  found  in  the  mining  of  anthracite  coal, 
iron,  and  copper,  with  an  average  of  more  than  two  mines  per 
operator;  in  the  mining  of  tungsten,  with  an  average  of  more  than 
five  mines  per  operator;  and  in  the  quarrying  of  gypsum,  with 
an  average  of  nearly  three  quarries  per  operator.  In  the  production 
of  petroleum  and  natural  gas  there  was  an  average  of  more  than 
twenty  wells  to  one  operator. 

Expenses  of  operation  and  development. — A  certain  amount  of 
development  work  is  incident  to  the  operation  of  every  mine.  The 
expenses  reported  for  producing  mines  include  the  cost  both  of 
operation  and  of  development  work  which  was  done  in  connection 
with  operation. 

Wages. — The  amount  shown  as  wages  includes  only  the  com- 
pensation of  regular  wage  earners  hired  by  the  day,  week,  or  month, 
or  under  the  piecework  system.  There  is  a  class  of  miners  variously 
known  under  the  local  names  of  "leasers,"  "block  lessees,"  etc., 
who  are  compensated  by  a  share  of  the  product.  The  compensation 
of  such  miners  is  included  under  the  payments  for  "Contract  work  " 
in  the  general  tables. 

Supplies  and  materials. — This  item  includes  the  cost  of  lumber 
and  timber  used  for  repairs,  mine  supports,  track  ties,  etc.;  iron 
and  steel  for  blacksmi thing;  rails,  frogs,  sleepers,  etc.,  for  tracks; 

(539) 


540 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


renewals  of  tools  and  machinery  and  materials  for  repairs;  and  sup- 
plies, explosives,  oil,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  cost  of  fuel  and  the  rent  of 
power.  The  schedule  called  only  for  the  cost  of  such  supplies  and 
materials  as  had  been  used  diuing  the  year  covered  by  the  report. 
Accurate  figiu-es,  however,  could  be  furnished  only  in  those  cases 
where  the  operators  kept  an  account  of  supplies  and  materials  used, 
or  had  an  inventory  made  of  all  in  stock  at  the  beginning  and  at  the 
end  of  the  year.  Such  a  system  of  accounting  is  far  from  general 
among  mine  operators,  and  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  in  many 
cases  the  reported  cost  of  supplies  and  materials  covered  all  pur- 
chased during  the  year  rather  than  those  used  during  the  year.  The 
crude  product  of  some  operators  was  purchased  by  others  for  further 
dressing  or  refining;  the  cost  of  such  materials  is  shown  in  a  sepa- 
rate column  in  the  general  tables  for  producing  mines,  but  in  all 
other  tables  it  is  included  in  the  general  item  of  cost  of  supplies 
and  materials. 

Miscellaneous  expenses. — In  the  general  tables  royalties  and 
the  rent  of  mines,  taxes,  and  the  amounts  paid  for  contract  work  are 
shown  in  separate  columns.  All  other  expenses  not  enumerated 
separately  are  combined  imder  the  head  of  "Rent  of  offices  and 
other  sundry  expenses, "  which  includes  rent  of  offices  and  buildings 
other  than  those  at  the  mine,  quarry,  or  well,  use  of  patents, 
insurance,  ordinary  repairs  of  buildings  and  machinery  (not 
including  materials  therefor  where  carried  in  separate  accounts), 
advertising,  damages,  traveling  expenses,  and  all  other  simdry 
expenses. 

Value  of  products. — Statistics  of  the  value  of  each  mineral  prod- 
uct were  obtained  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  in  cooperation 
with  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  but  the  two  bureaus 
follow  different  methods  in  presenting  these  statistics.  The 
Geological  Survey  shows  separately  the  value  of  each  mineral 
product,  whereas  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  presents  the  value  of 
products  of  each  mining  industry.  The  value  of  products  given  for 
each  mining  industry  often  includes  the  value  of  some  products  not 
covered  by  the  industry  designation.  The  crude  product  of  metal- 
liferous mines  may  include  varying  combinations  of  metals,  such  as 
gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  zinc,  and  iron.  Similarly,the  total  value  of 
all  products  of  the  granite  quarri.es  is  not  identical  with  the  value  of 
the  total  output  of  granite,  but  may  include  the  value  of  some  marble 
or  other  stone  quarried  in  connection  with  the  principal  product. 

The  value  of  products  for  1909  in  most  cases  represents  the  value 
of  the  products  marketed  during  that  year,  not  the  value  of  those 
mined  during  that  year.  In  this  respect  the  data  differ  from  those 
usually  obtained  for  manufactiu-ing  establishments.  In  order  to 
ascertain  the  value  of  the  products  mined  during  the  year  1909,  ac- 
count would  have  had  to  be  taken  of  the  inventories  at  the  begin- 
ning and  at  the  close  of  the  year.  In  many  mining  industries, 
however,  no  such  inventories  are  made,  by  reason  of  the  purely 
speculative  value  of  the  crude  product  lying  on  the  dump. 

Another  element  of  inaccuracy  inherent  in  the  statistics  as  to  the 
value  of  products  is  due  to  the  combination  of  mining  with  manu- 
facturiQg.  Most  of  the  product  of  iron  mines  is  not  sold,  but  is  used 
in  blast  furnaces  operated  by  the  owners  of  the  mines.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  output  of  coal  is  likewise  used  in  iron  and  steel  works 
operated  by  the  owners  of  the  coal  mines,  while  a  considerable  pro- 
portion also  is  controlled  by  railway  companies  and  other  industrial 
concerns  which  own  the  coal  mines,  either  directly,  or  indirectly 
through  subsidiary  companies.     In  such  cases  the  reported  value  of 


the  mining  product  is  often  a  mere  item  of  bookkeeping  which  may 
or  may  not  reflect  the  actual  market  value  of  the  product. 

The  total  value  of  products  for  some  industries  includes  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  duplication,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  crude  product 
of  some  operators  was  used  as  material  by  others  whose  mines  or 
quarries  were  equipped  with  dressing  or  refining  plants;  the  total 
value  of  products  for  the  industry,  accordingly,  includes  both  the 
crude  product  and  the  refined  product  made  from  it.  In  order  to 
eliminate  this  duplication  and  to  obtain  the  approximate  value  of 
products  for  each  industry,  the  cost  of  such  materials,  which  is  shown 
in  a  separate  column  in  the  general  tables  for  producing  mines, 
should  be  subtracted  from  the  total  value  of  products  for  the 
iadustry.  There  is,  however,  a  certain  degree  of  inaccuracy  in- 
volved in  such  a  computation,  because  the  purchaser  of  the  crude 
product  usually  figures  freight  as  a  part  of  the  cost  of  his  materials,, 
whereas  the  value  reported  by  the  producer  represents  the  selling 
value  at  the  mine. 

Cost  of  production  and  profits. — It  can  be  seen  from  the  preceding 
explanations  that  the  difference  between  the  reported  value  of 
products  and  the  total  expenses  reported  does  not  accurately  repre- 
sent profits.  As  already  stated  the  product  reported  usually  repre- 
sents that  sold  rather  than  the  actual  output  in  producing  which  the 
expenses  were  incurred.  Furthermore,  the  census  inquiries  did 
not  call  for  depreciation,  which  is  a  particularly  important  element 
in  mining  because  of  the  exhaustion  of  the  mine.  Few  mining  con- 
cerns keep  a  separate  account  for  depreciation.  Moreover,  the 
heterogeneous  character  of  the  returns  regarding  capital  precludes 
the  computation,  from  census  statistics,  of  the  rate  of  return  on. 
the  investment. 

Capital. — The  census  schedule  required  every  operator  to  state 
the  total  amount  of  capital  invested  in  the  enterprise  on  the  last  day 
of  the  business  year  reported,  as  shown  by  his  books.  There  is, 
however,  a  great  diversity  in  the  methods  of  bookkeeping  in  use  by 
different  operators.  As  a  result,  the  statistics  for  capital  lack  uni- 
formity. Some  of  the  reported  figures  apparently  represent  capital 
stock  at  face  value;  others  include  large  investments  in  mineral 
lands  which  are  not  at  present  being  actively  mined,  but  are  held  in 
reserve;  still  others  may  include  expenditures  for  unproductive 
mining  ventures  in  no  way  related  to  the  operations  carried  on 
during  the  census  year. 

Persons  engaged  in  mining  industries. — The  statistics  of  the  num- 
ber of  proprietors  and  officials,  clerks,  and  wage  earners,  are  based 
on  the  returns  for  December  15,  or  the  nearest  representative  day. 
The  reported  number  of  wage  earners  includes  overseers  and  fore- 
men performing  work  similar  to  that  of  the  men  over  whom  they 
have  charge;  those  whose  duties  are  wholly  supervisory  are  classed  as 
superintendents  and  managers.  Because  of  the  very  common  prac- 
tice of  shutting  down  mines  at  frequent  intervals,  it  is  impossible 
to  ascertain  with  any  satisfactory  degree  of  accuracy  the  average 
number  of  employees — that  is,  the  number  who,  if  continuously 
employed,  would  be  required  to  produce  the  actual  output  of  the 
year. 

Primary  horsepower. — ^This  item  represents  the  total  primary 
powergenerated  by  the  mining  enterprises  plus  the  amount  of  power, 
principally  electric,  rented  by  them  from  other  concerns.  It  does 
not  cover  the  horsepower  of  electric  motors  operated  by  current 
generated  by  the  enterprises  themselves,  the  inclusion  of  which 
would  evidently  result  in  duplication. 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 

GENERAL  SUMMARY. 


541 


Continental  United  States  and  noncontiguous  terri- 
tory: 1909. — Table  1  gives  for  1909  the  principal 
statistics  collected  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  for 
all  mines  and  quarries  and  petroleum  and  gas  wells 
within    the    area    of    enumeration.      In   addition   to 


continental  United  States  this  area  included  in  1909 
Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico.  The  figures  here 
given  include  nonproducing  as  well  as  producing 
mines  and  constitute  the  most  general  summary  of  the 
results  of  the  investigation. 


Number  of  operators 

Niunber  of  mines  and  quarries 

Number  of  petroleum  and  gas  wells 

Persons  engaged  in  mining  industries,  Dec.  15, 1909. . 

Proprietors  and  firm  members,  total 

Number  performing  manual  labor  in  conneC' 

tion  with  mines,  quarries,  and  wells 

Salaried  employees 

Wage  earners 

Primary  horsepower 

Capital 

Expenses  of  operation  and  development 

Services 

Salaries 

Wages 

Supplies  and  materials 

Royalties  and  rent  of  mines 

Contract  work 

Miscellaneous 

Value  of  products 


NUMBEE  OB  AMOITNT:  1909 


Total. 


24,  355 

27,260 

166, 448 

1, 175, 188 
35,  208 

10,  740 

46,694 

1,093,286 

4,  722, 479 
13, 710, 356, 533 

1, 087, 437, 081 

662,  422,  226 

56,  286,  988 

606, 135,  238 

263,019,615 

65, 683,  384 

32,  335,  580 

63,  976, 276 

1,255,370,163 


Continental 
United  States. 


23,664 

27, 240 

166, 448 

1, 166, 948 
33,  691 

10, 299 

46, 475 

1,086,782 

4,  699, 910 
$3,  662,  527, 064 

1, 074, 191,  429 

655,  584,  467 

55, 878, 478 

599, 705, 989 

260, 110,  898 

64, 154,  926 

30,  690,  458 

63,  650,  680 

1,  238, 410, 322 


Alaska. 


673 


8,025 
1,501 

441 

219 

6,305 

22, 347 
$47,  749, 164 

13,  220,  200 
6, 819,  850 

408,  510 
6, 411, 340 
2,  902,  956 
1,  527,  995 
1,  645, 063 

324,  336 

16,  933,  427 


Hawaii. 


45 
2 


43 

197 
$45,  700 

19,760 
14, 058 


14, 058 

5,371 

206 


125 
20,  955 


Porto  Rico. 


14 
14 


170 
14 


156 

25 
$34, 605 

5,692 
3,851 


3,851 

390 

257 

59 

1,135 

5,459 


Of  the  total  number  of  persons  engaged  in  mining 
industries  in  the  area  covered  by  the  preceding  table, 
only  a  little  more  than  one-half  of  1  per  cent  were  in 
Alaska,  while  the  mining  operations  in  Hawaii  and 
Porto  Rico  were  insignificant. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  a  certain  number  of  mines  in 
continental  United  States  and  Alaska  were  engaged  in 
development  work  only,  during  the  census  year,  the 
figure  for  value  of  products  in  1909,  $1,255,370,163, 
relates  to  a  smaller  number  of  enterprises  than  the 
figures  for  persons  engaged  in  the  industries,  expenses, 
etc.  Of  the  total,  representing  the  value  of  the  prod- 
ucts of  all  mines  in  the  entire  area  covered  by  the  can- 
vass, Alaska  contributed  $16,933,427,  or  1.3  per  cent, 
while  Hawaii  contributed  only  $20,955  and  Porto  Rico 
$5,459.  A  rough  but  somewhat  convenient  measure 
of  the  relative  importance  of  mining  operations  in  the 
areas  concerned  is  found  in  the  per  capita  production 
(that  is,  value  of  products  divided  by  total  popula- 
tion), which  was  $13.46  for  continental  United  States, 
$263.12  for  Alaska.  $0.11  for  Hawaii,  and  less  than  1 
cent  for  Porto  Rico. 

The  further  discussion  of  mining  operations  in  this 
chapter  is  confined  to  the  data  reported  for  conti- 
nental United  States  (referred  to  simply  as  the  United 
States) . 

Producing  and  nonproducing  mines. — In  some  as- 
pects of  the  statistics  of  mining  industries  the  distinc- 
tion between  producing  and  nonproducing  mines  is 


important.  So  far  as  it  is  possible  to  bring  the  fig- 
ures in  regard  to  production  into  relation  with  the 
various  factors  of  operation,  particularly  the  number 
of  employees  and  the  expenses  of  operation,  it  is  nec- 
essary to  confine  comparisons  to  the  producing  mines. 
Table  2  gives  comparative  figures  for  producing  and 
nonproducing  mines  in  the  United  States. 


Table  3 


Number  of  operators 

Numberof  mines  and  quar- 
ries   

Number  of  wells 


Persons  engaged  in  mining 

industry 

Proprietors   and  Qim 

members,  total 

Number  perform- 
ing manuallabor. 
Salaried  employees  . . . 
Wage  earners 


Primary  horsepower... 
Capital $3 


All  enterprises. 


23,664 


27,240 
166,448 


1,166,948 

33,691 

9,937 

46,475 

1,086,782 

4,699,910 
662,527,004 


Expenses  of  operation  and 

development 

Services 

Salaries 

Wages 

Supplies  and  materials. 
Royalties  and  rent  of 

mines 

Contract  work 

Miscellaneous 


,074,191,429 
655,584,467 
55,878,478 
599,705,989 
260,110,898 

64,154,926 
30,690,458 
63,650,680 


Value  of  products 1, 238,410,322 


Producing 
enterprises. 


19,915 

18,164 
166,320 


1,139,332 

29,922 

8,861 

44,127 

1,065,283 

4,608,253 
$3,380,525,841 


1,042,642,693 
640,167,630 
53,393,551 
586,774,079 
247,866,304 

63,973,585 
28,887,898 
61,747,276 

1,238,410,322 


NONPEODUCING 
ENTEBPBISES. 


Number  or 
amount. 


3,749 


9,076 
128 


27,619 

3,769 

1,076 

2,348 

21,499 

91,657 
$282,001,223 


31,548,736 
15,416,837 
2,484,927 
12,931,910 
12,244,594 

181,341 

1,802,560 
1,903.404 


Per 
cent  of 
total. 


15.8 

33.3 

(•) 

2.4 

11.2 

10.8 
5.1 
2.0 

2.0 

7.7 


2.9 
2.4 
4.4 
2.2 

4.7 

0.3 
5.9 
3.0 


1  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


542 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSU&— MINING. 


Perhaps  the  most  satisfactory  index  of  the  relative 
importance  of  the  two  classes  of  mines  shown  in  the 
preceding  table  is  the  number  of  wage  earners  and  the 
amount  of  primary  power,  the  figures  for  ;ionproducing 
mines  representing  exactly  2  per  cent  of  the  total  in 
each  instance.  The  average  number  of  wage  earners 
per  operator  for  the  nonproducing  mines  is  6  and  for  the 
producing  mines  53. 

Additional  details  in  regard  to  nonproducing  mines 
are  given  in  Table  29  (p.  564),  which  presents  separate 
figures  for  most  of  the  different  mining  industries. 
The  further  discussion  in  this  chapter  of  the  statistics 
for  1909  will  deal  primarily  with  the  producing  mines, 


with  only  incidental  reference  to  the  nonproducing 
enterprises. 

There  were  in  all  mining  industries  in  the  United 
States  in  1909,  as  shown  by  the  previous  table,  19,915 
operators  of  producing  mines,  who  employed  1,065,- 
283  wage  earners  and  reported  products  valued  at 
$1,238,410,322. 

G-eographic  distribution  of  producing  enterprises. — The 
distribution  of  the  mining  industries  by  geographic 
divisions  and  states  is  shown  in  Table  8,  which  gives 
the  number  of  wage  earners  employed  and  the  value 
of  products  for  each  division  and  state,  with  the  per- 
centage which  such  number  or  value  forms  of  the  total. 


Table  3 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


United  State8. . . 

Geographic  divs.: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central. 
West  North  Central 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . 
West  South  Central 

Mountain 

Pacific 

New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont , 

Massachusetts , 

Rhode  Island , 

Connecticut , 

Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

E.  North  Central: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

W.  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota 


FKOD17CING  ENTERPRISES:  1909 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


19,915 


510 
6,333 
4,152 
2,300 
1,358 

830 
1,229 
1,972 
1,538 


97 
45 
137 
139 
21 
71 

1,351 

131 

4,851 

1,876 
1,010 

915 
83 

268 

153 
373 
1,021 
53 
39 


Num- 
ber of 
mines 
and 
quar- 
ries. 


18,164 


586 
3,903 
2,662 
2,003 
1,652 
1,109 

452 
3,728 
1,610 


102 
53 
182 
147 
27 
75 

752 

151 

3,000 

964 
480 
759 
173 
286 

250 
431 
1,224 
53 
43 


Num- 
ber of 
wells. 


166,320 


71, 122 
56,379 

3,450 
15, 146 

1,110 

14,700 

97 

4,316 


11,342 


59,780 

35,067 

10,373 

10,918 

21 


Wage  earners 

(Dec.  15,  or 
nearest  repre- 
sentative day). 


Number, 


1, 065, 283 


18,254 
402,937 
213,660 
88,458 
118,006 
70,856 
28,252 
93,072 
31,788 


2,471 
1,520 
8,388 
3,508 
677 
1, 

11,303 

6,801 

384,833 

57,185 
27,559 
82,436 
40,397 
6,083 

18,114 
19,010 
29,676 
860 
3,866 


Per 

cent 

of 

total 


100.0 


1.7 
37.8 
20.1 
8.3 
11.1 
6.7 
2.6 
8.7 
3.0 


0.2 
0.1 
0.8 
0.3 
0.1 
0.2 

1.1 

0.6 
36.1 

5.4 
2.6 
7.7 
3.8 
0.6 

1.7 
1.8 
2.8 
0.1 
0.4 


Value  of  products. 


$1,238,410,322 


17,327,242 
370,742,262 
237,534,170 
130,252,538 
105,714,462 

49,143,289 

47,530,937 
205,053,900 

75,111,522 


2,056,063 
1,308,597 
8,221,323 
3,467,888 
897,606 
1,375,765 

13,334,975 

8,347,501 

349,059,786 

63,767,112 
21,934,201 
76,658,974 
67,714,479 
7,459,404 

58,664,852 
13,877,781 
31,667,525 
564,812 
6,432,417 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 


1.4 
30.0 
19.2 
10.5 
8.5 
3.9 
3.8 
16.6 
6.1 


0.2 
0.1 
0.7 
0.3 

0.1 

1.1 
0.7 
28.2 

5.1 
1.8 
6.2 
5.5 
0.6 

4.7 
1.1 
2.5 
(') 
0.5 


DIVISION  AND  state. 


W.  North  Central 
Continued. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

South  Atlantic:* 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

W.  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas 

Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Pacific: 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 


PRODUCING  enterprises:  1909 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


18 
643 


126 
150 
798 
118 
29 
92 
36 

437 
216 
177 


33 
864 
236 

373 
174 

66 
672 

98 
135 


116 
1,329 


Num- 
ber of 
mines 
and 
quar- 
ries. 


20 
582 

9 
173 
244 
718 
130 

32 
109 

96 

442 
365 
302 

146 

2 

212 

92 

543 
370 
95 
1,576 
285 
251 
235 
374 

170 

161 

1,279 


Num- 
t)erof 
wells. 


3,402 


15,146 


1,109 
1 


62 

246 

12,113 

2,279 


4,316 


Wage  earners 
(Dec.15,  or 
nearest  repre- 
sentative day). 


Number. 


491 
16,441 

628 
7,745 
16,893 
78,404 
2,825 
2,014 
4,014 
5,483 

22,033 
18,028 
30,795 

6,422 

953 

13,920 

6,957 

20,503 
3,592 
8,499 

24,769 
5,682 

13,451 

11,004 
5,572 

7,343 

1,087 

23,358 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


(0 
1.5 

(') 
0.7 
1 

7.4 
0.3 
0.2 
0.4 
0.5 

2.1 
1.7 
2.9 

0.6 
0.1 
1.3 
0.6 

1.9 
0.3 
0.8 
2.4 
0.5 
1.3 
1.0 
0.5 

0.7 
0.1 
2.2 


Value  of  products 


Amount. 


$322,517 
18,722,634 

516,213 
5,782,045 
8,795,646 
76,287,889 
1,358,617 
1,252,792 
2,874,595 
8,846,665 

12,100,075 
12,692,547 
24,350,667 

4,603,845 

6,547,050 

25,637,892 

10,742,150 

54,991,961 
8,649,342 
10,572,188 
45,680,135 
5,587,744 
34,217,651 
22,083,282 
23,271,597 

10,537,556 

1,191,512 

63,382,454 


Per 
cent 

of 
total. 


0) 
1.5 

^'o^.5 
0.7 
6.2 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.7 

0.9 
1.0 
2.0 

0.3 
0.5 
2.1 
0.9 

4.4 
0.7 
0.9 
3.7 
0.4 
2.8 
1.8 
1.9 

0.9 
0.1 
5.1 


>  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

Whether  the  importance  of  the  mining  industry  be 
measured  by  the  value  of  its  products  or  by  the  num- 
ber of  wage  earners  employed,  the  Middle  Atlantic  divi- 
sion easily  ranks  first  among  the  several  geographic 
divisions,  the  value  of  its  mineral  products  in  1909 
amounting  to  $371,000,000,  or  30  per  cent  of  the  total 
for  the  United  States.  Next  in  order  was  the  East 
North  Central  division,  with  products  valued  at 
$238,000,000,  or  about  one-fifth  of  the  total.  The 
mineral  products  of  these  two  divisions  consist  largely 
of  coal.  Other  divisions  with  a  considerable  mineral 
production  are  the  Mountain,  West  North  Central, 
and  South  Atlantic. 

The  prominence  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  division  in 
mineral  production  is  due  ahnost  wholly  to  the  state 
of  Pennsylvania,  which,  with  products  (mainly  coal) 
valued  at  nearly  $350,000,000  in  1909,  reported  more 
than  one-fourth  of  the  value  of  all  mineral  products  in 


*  No  mineral  production  in  District  of  Columbia  or  Mississippi. 

the  United  States.  No  other  state  approaches  it  in 
importance.  lUinois  and  West  Virginia,  which  rank 
next  in  importance,  each  had  products  valued  at  a 
little  more  than  $76,000,000,  or  less  than  one-fourth 
the  value  shown  for  Pennsylvania.  Other  states  where 
the  value  of  mineral  products  exceeded  $50,000,000 
are  Michigan,  Ohio,  California,  Minnesota,  and  Mon- 
tana. The  eight  states  named  reported  in  1909,  65.4 
per  cent  of  the  value  of  all  mineral  products  for  the 
United  States. 

There  are  several  states  in  which  the  mineral  produc- 
tion is  quite  insignificant.  In  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia and  Mississippi  no  mineral  production  was  re- 
ported. Rhode  Island,  North  Dakota,  Nebraska,  and 
Delaware  each  contributed  less  than  one-tenth  of  1 
per  cent  of  the  whole  value  of  mineral  products, 
while  the  contribution  of  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts,   Connecticut,   North   Carolina,    South 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 

VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  MINING  INDUSTRIES:  1909. 


543 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  MINING  INDUSTRIES,  BY  STATES:  1902  AND  1909. 

(Based  on  Table  26.) 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
40  M  laO  l«IA  200  t40 


PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MICHIGAN 

OHIO 

CALIFORNIA 

MINNESOTA 

COLORADO 

MISSOURI 

ALABAMA 

INDIANA 

KANSAS 

IOWA 

NEW  YORK 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

TEXAS 

WASHINGTON 

VIRGINIA 

FLORIDA 

IDAHO 

WISCONSIN 

NEW  JERSEY 

VERMONT 

LOUISIANA 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

MARYLAND 


'////////////M. '////,//////////.  ■m'M////////.  wv^/Am7/.  w//////'7/////,  ramm'/M. 


V//M/////M,  '////////////M  7Xy//////VA 


^^^1 


^S^a 


^^^^ 


'V//////7////A  '////"////////,  ^g 


!■ 

r 

r 
r 

■ 


'^^^^^^^^^^^S^^^^l^iiim 


^^^^msm, 


'r^r^ 


PERQKNTAGE  DISTRIBUTION,  BY  DIVISIONS. 

(Based  on  Table  27.) 

1009 


■■■^  leos 

t^}}fw^ff/jj\    1902 


544 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


Carolina,  Georgia,  Arkansas,  New  Mexico,  and  Oregon 
was  less  than  one-half  of  1  per  cent  in  each  case. 

The  distribution  of  the  wage  earners  employed  in 
producing  mines  among  the  divisions  and  states  fol- 
lows approximately  the  distribution  of  the  total  value 
of  products.  Where  coal  is  the  chief  mineral  prod- 
uct, however,  the  number  of  wage  earners  is  rela- 
tively greater  than  elsewhere.  The  Middle  Atlantic 
division  reported  a  considerably  greater  percentage  of 
all  wage  earners  in  the  producing  mines  of  the  country 
than  of  the  total  value  of  mineral  products.  In  less 
marked  degree  the  same  statement  holds  true  of  the 
East  South  Central,  South  Atlantic,  East  North  Cen- 
tral, and  New  England  divisions,  while  each  of  the 
remaining  divisions  reported  a  larger  percentage  of  the 
total  value  of  products  than  of  the  total  number  of 
wage  earners.  Pennsylvania  employed  36.1  per  cent 
of  all  the  wage  earners,  Illinois  7.7  per  cent,  and  West 
Vii^inia  7.4  per  cent,  these  three  leading  coal  states 
together  reporting  more  than  one-half  of  all  the  wage 
earners  employed  in  mining  industries. 

Principal  mining  industries. — Table  4  shows  the  rel- 
ative importance  of  the  principal  mining  industries  in 
1909. 


Tattle  4 


AH  Industries. 


Coal. 


Anthracite.. 
Bituminous. 


Petroleum  and  natural  gas. 
Metals: 

Copper 

Iron 

Precious  metals 

Deep  mines 

Placer  mines 

Lead  and  zinc 


Structural  materials. 

Limestone 

Granite 

Sandstone 

Marble 

Slate 

Traprock..., 

Bluestone 

Miscellaneous: 

Phosphate  rock.. 

Gypsum 

Sulphur 

Clay 

All  other 


PEODUCINQ  ENTEBPEISES:  1909 


Number 
of  oi)er- 
ators. 


19,915 

3,695 

192 

3,503 

7,793 

161 
176 
2,282 
1,604 
678 
977 


,665 
707 
595 
77 
185 
196 
563 

51 
78 
4 
261 
449 


Wage  earners 
(Dec.  15,  or  near- 
est representa- 
tive day). 


Number. 


1,065,283 


743,293 
173,504 


39,831 

53,143 
52,230 
37,815 
33,616 
4,199 
21,603 

92,350 
37,695 
20,561 
9,908 
6,313 
9,438 
6,260 
2,175 


3,778 

408 

3,871 

8,775 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 

69.8 
16.3 
53.5 

3.7 

5.0 
4.9 
3.6 
3.2 
0.4 
2.0 

8.7 
3.5 
1.9 
0.9 
0.6 
0.9 
0.6 
a2 

0.8 
0.4 
(') 
0.4 
0.8 


Value  of  products. 


Amount. 


$1,238,410,322 

577,142,935 
149,180,471 
427,962,464 

185,416,684 

134,616,987 
106,947,082 
94,123,180 
83,885,928 
10,237,252 
31,363,094 

75,992,908 
29,832,492 
18,997,976 
7,702,423 
6,239,120 
6,054,174 
5,578,317 
1,588,406 

10,781,192 
5,812,810 
4,432,066 
2,945,948 
8,835,436 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 

46.6 
12.0 
34.6 


10.9 
8.6 
7.6 
6.8 

as 

2.5 

6.1 
2.4 
1.5 
0.6 
0.5 
0.5 
0.5 
0.1 

0.9 

as 
a  4 
a  2 

0.7 


'  Less  than  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. 

The  foregoing  table  presents  statistics  for  9  indus- 
tries which  in  19Q9  had  products  exceeding  $10,000,000 
m  value.  These  9  industries  employed  95.2  per  cent 
of  all  the  wage  earners  engaged  in  producing  enter- 
prises and  contributed  96  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  products  of  minmg  industries.  Statistics  are 
also  given  in  the  table  for  8  other  mining  industries 
havmg  products  between  $1,500,000  and  $10,000,000 
m  value.  The  17  industries  shown  separately  in  the 
table  employed  over  99  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners 


engaged  in  productive  enterprises  and  contributed 
more  than  99  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
of  mining  industries. 

Coal  mining  far  outranks  any  other  industry  in  im- 
portance. In  1909  it  furnished  occupation  to  more 
than  two-thirds  of  all  the  wage  earners  employed  by 
producing  mines,  quarries,  and  wells,  and  contributed 
only  a  little  less  than  one-half  of  the  total  value  of 
products  reported.  Of  the  total  value  of  coal  pro- 
duced, the  anthracite  mines  furnished  approximately 
one-fourth  and  the  bituminous  mines  three-fourths. 
Another  fuel  industry — the  production  of  petroleum 
and  natural  gas — cranks  second  in  importance  in  value 
of  products,  but  employs  comparatively  few  wage 
earners. 

Of  the  metals,  copper  and  iron  outrank  the  precious 
metals  both  in  the  value  of  the  product  mined  and  in 
the  number  of  wage  earners,  but  lead  and  zinc  fall  con- 
siderably below  the  precious  metals  in  both  respects. 

General  comparison  for  the  United  States:  1902- 
1909. — Table  5  on  the  next  page  gives  statistics  regard- 
ing expenses,  value  of  products,  and  mechanical  power 
for  producing  mines,  quarries,  and  petroleum  and  gas 
wells  in  the  United  States  for  1909  and  1902,  together 
with  the  percentages  of  increase. 

The  figures  in  this  table  for  1909  vary  slightly  from 
those  shown  in  preceding  tables  by  reason  of  the 
differences  between  the  present  census  and  that  of 
1902  in  the  classification  of  mining  industries.  There 
are  many  industries  on  the  border  line  between  min- 
ing and  manufacturing.  Certain  mechanical  and 
chemical  processes  required  for  the  preparation  of 
the  mineral  for  the  market  after  its  extraction  from 
the  ground  may  be  performed  either  at  the  mine  or  at 
the  factory  where  the  mineral  is  used  as  material. 
The  practices  in  this  respect  vary  from  industry  to 
industry  and  from  period  to  period. 

At  the  Thirteenth  Census  the  production  of  cement 
was  classified  as  a  manufacturing  industry.  The  burn- 
ing of  lime  was  likewise  classified  as  a  manufacturing 
industry,  and  where  the  lime  was  burned  at  the  limestone 
quarry  the  quarrying  was  regarded  as  a  subordinate  part 
of  the  manufacturing  operations .  At  the  special  census 
of  mines  and  quarries  in  1902,  however,  the  cement 
industry  was  included,  and  the  burning  of  lime  was 
treated  as  a  part  of  the  operations  of  the  limestone 
quarries.  In  order  to  make  the  statistics  for  the  two 
censuses  comparable,  the  figures  given  in  Table  5 
include  for  1909  those  for  the  burning  of  lime, 
elsewhere  treated  as  a  manufacturing  industry,  and 
exclude  for  1902  those  relating  to  the  production  of 
cement. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  special  census  of  1902  did  not 
include  the  conversion  of  coal  into  coke  at  the  coal  mines. 
In  the  Thirteenth  Census  reports  the  coke  industry 
is  treated  both  in  the  report  on  manufactures  and 
in  that  on  mines.  Where  coal  was  turned  into  coke 
at  the  mines,  estimates  were  obtained  for  the  coke- 
manufacturing  operations  and  included  in  the  statis- 
tics of  manufactures.     At  the  same  time,  since  the 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


545 


mining  of  the  coal  and  its  conversion  at  the  mines  into 
coke  form,  in  fact,  integral  parts  of  one  industrial  opera- 
tion, the  complete  report  for  both  processes  is  included 
in  the  statistics  for  bituminous  coal  mines.  In  order, 
however,  to  make  the  statistics  for  1909  comparable 
with  those  for  1902,  all  statistics  relating  to  coke  have 
been  eliminated  from  the  table  which  follows. 

By  reason  of  these  adjustments  the  figures  here 
printed  do  not  correspond  either  to  those  given  in  the 
report  for  1902  or  to  those  printed  elsewhere  for  1909. 


Table  5 


NUHBEB  OB  AMOUKT. 


19M 


Expenses  of  operation  and  development: 

Services $625, 610,068 

Suppliesand  materials '  208,771,046 

Royalties  and  rent  of  mines !  62, 456, 760 

Contract  work 24,091,986 

Value  of  products ;  1, 175, 475,001 

Primary  norsepower !  4,656,170 


1W» 


$401,225,547 
114,515,832 
34,476.227 
20,638,127 
771,486,926 
2,663,964 


Per 
cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


55.9 
82.3 
81.2 
16.7 
52.4 
71.0 


The  item  "taxes,  rent  of  offices,  and  other  sundry 
expenses,"  which  is  included  with  the  expenses  of 
operation  and  development  in  the  tables  giving  statis- 
tics for  1909  only,  is  not  shown  in  this  table  for  the 
reason  that  at  the  special  census  of  mines  and  quarries 
in  1902  the  corresponding  item  of  expenses  included 
interest,  which  was  excluded  at  the  Thirteenth  Cen- 
sus. In  1902  the  item  of  interest  on  bonds  amounted 
to  more  than  $13,000,000.  The  amount  of  interest 
paid  on  other  loans  was  not  reported  separately. 
The  aggregate  expenses  shown  in  the  preceding  table 
represent  96.3  per  cent  of  the  total  expenses  reported 
for  1902  exclusive  of  interest  on  bonds,  while  the 
aggregate  for,  1909  represents  90.6  per  cent  of  the 
total  expenses  for  that  year. 

In  1902  the  products  of  mining  industries  were 
valued  at  $771,486,926,  but  in  1909  the  value  was 
reported  as  $1,175,475,001,  an  increase  of  52.4  per 
cent  in  the  seven  years. 


BITUMINOUS  COAL 

PETROLEUM.  NAT.  CA6 

ANTHRACITE  COAL 

IRON 

COPPtR 

rRECIOUS   METALS 

CIMCSTONE 

LEAD  AND  ZINC 

ORANITC  AND  TRAPROCK 

•AN08T0NC 

PHOSPHATK  ROCK 

MARBLK 

•LATt 

OyPSUM 

SULPHUR  AND  PYRITE 

CLAY 

TALC  AND  aOAPSTONE 

QUICKSILVER 


WBsm 


^^^^^ 


i» 


y//mm9  ^?;y//.<y/^-py--////!^7^ 


m. 


I 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  MINING  INDUSTRIES:  1902  AND  1909. 
(Based  on  Table  26.) 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

60  lUO  160  200  260  300 


wmm. 


y,//^/////^//.<-y,/v^//^////,v-v/,7z^9y//A(///////////^^^ 


mmmtm  1900 

KjWV/W/j^  1902 


Table  26,  page  559,  gives  comparative  statistics  in 
detail  for  the  j^ars  1909  and  1902,  by  industries. 
Table  6,  which  is  based  on  this  table,  gives  for  the 
leading  mining  mdustries  the  value  of  products  in 
1909  and  1902,  with  the  percentage  of  increase. 


Table  6 

VALXTE  OF 

PRODUCTS. 

Per  cent 
1       of 
:  increase. 

1909 

1902 

All  ladnstries    

$1,175,476,001 

550,513,866 
149,180,471 
401,333,395 
175,527,807 
99,493,799 
106,947,082 
87,671,553 
77.434,301 
10,237,252 
28,568,547 
47,784,479 
24,576,293 
10,781,192 

1771,486,926 

366,642,015 

76,173,586 

290,468,429 

102,034,590 

51,178,036 

65,460,985 

82,482,052 

77,154,320 

5,327,726 

14,600,177 

30,278,877 

18,042,943 

4.922.943 

52.4 

Coal 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas. . 

Copper 

Iron 



50.2 
95.8 
38.2 
72.0 
94.4 
63.4 
6.3 

0.4 

92.2 

95.7 

Limestone 

57.8 
36.2 

119.0 

! 

72497°— 13— 

—35   + 

^p 


w 


PERCENTAGE  DISTRIBUTION,  BY  INDUSTRIES. 

(Based  on  Table  4.) 

1909 


This  table  shows  that  the  greatest  relative  increase 
in  the  seven-year  period  was  in  the  phosphate  rock 
industry.  The  smallest  relative  increase  (6.3  per  cent) 
was  in  the  mining  of  precious  metals,  the  deep  mines 
showing  an  increase  in  value  of  products  amounting 
to  only  0.4  per  cent,  although  the  less  important 
placer  mines  show  an  increase  of  92.2  per  cent.  Large 
increases  are  shown  for  the  mining  of  copper  and  of 
lead  and  zinc.  There  was  also  a  large  increase  in  the 
case  of  anthracite  coal,  but  on  account  of  the  coal 
strike  in  1902  the  figures  for  that  year  do  not  repre- 
sent normal  conditions.  The  percentage  of  increase 
in  the. bituminous  coal-mining  industry  falls  consid- 
erably below  the  average  for  all  mining  industries  in 
the  period  under  consideration.  To  some  extent  this 
is  due  to  a  decline  in  the  average  price  of  bituminous 
coal,  for  the  tonjiage  produced  increased  more  than  45 
per  cent. 


546 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


Table  25,  page  557,  gives  comparative  statistics  in 
detail  for  the  years  1909  and  1902,  by  states.  The 
following  table  presents  certain  figures  for  those  states 
which  show  a  relative  increase  in  the  value  of  products 
above  the  average  for  the  United  States : 


Table  7 


Loaisiaiia 

Florida 

Minnesota 

Nebraska 

New  Jersey . . . 

Illinois 

California 

Wisconsin 

Washington. . 

Kansas 

North  Dakota 

Arkansas 

Texas 


VALUE  OP  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


$6,539,850 

8,915,181 

58,975,781 

322,517 

8,548,858 
77,214,345 
59,012,946 

8,575,402 

10,826,503 

18,386,812 

564,812 

4,764,784 
11,095,588 


1902 


$279,327 

2,943,806 

25,620,677 

148,391 

4,042,047 

37,377,226 

28,611,307 

4,257,685 

5,393,659 

9,526,060 

325,967 

2,840,341 

6,737,696 


Per  cent 
of  in- 
crease. 


2,241.3 
202.8 
130.2 
117.3 
111.5 
106.6 
106.3 
101.4 
100.7 
93.0 
73.3 
67.8 
64.7 


Corresponding  figures  for  those  states  in  which  the 
value  of  products  showed  an  actual  decrease  from  1902 
to  1909  are  given  in  Table  8. 


Table  8 


Colorado 

Massachusetts 
South  Dakota 

Georgia 

Maine 

Maryland 

Indiana 

Oregon 


VALUE  OP  PRODUCTS. 


1909 


$39,397,859 
4,332,218 
6,415,788 
2,924,741 
3,270,766 
6, 164, 122 
22,324,647 
1,237,292 


1902 


$40,508,286 
4,499,401 
6,697,797 
3,080,287 
3,656,134 
7, 162, 113 
26,896,393 
2,087,389 


Per  cent 
of  de- 
crease. 


2.7 
3.7 
4.2 
5.0 
10.5 
13.9 
17.0 
40.7 


Colorado  and  Indiana  are  the  only  important  mining 
states  that  show  a  decrease  in  mining  activity.  This 
decline  in  Colorado  is  manifested  not  only  in  the  value 
of  products,  but  also  in  the  amount  expended  for 
salaries  and  wages,  which  decreased  7.2  per  cent,  and 
for  royalties,  which  shows  a  decrease  of  4.4  per  cent. 

Geographic  distribution  of  the  principal  indostries: 
1909. — Table  9  gives  statistics,  by  leading  states,  for 
each  of  the  nine  leading  mineral  industries.  A  graphic 
presentation  of  the  same  facts  is  made  in  the  following 
diagram : 


VALUE  OP  PRODUCTS,  LEADING  INDUSTRIES,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


COAL,  ANTHRACITE 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PCNNSYLVANIA 


I  I         I  I  I  I 


T^nmm^n"^nn 


COAL,    BITUMINOUS 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

WEST  VIRQINIA 

OHIO 

ALABAMA 

COLORADO       ' 

INDIANA 

IOWA 

KENTUCKV 

KANSAS 

WYOMING 

WASHINGTON 

TENNESSEE 

OKLAHOMA 

MISSOURI 

MONTANA 


I  I  I  I  I  I  i  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I 


PETROLEUM   AND   NATURAL  OAS 
MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PRECIOUS  METALS,  DEEP   MINES 
MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

OHIO 

CALIFORNIA 

WEST  VIRQINIA 

ILLINOIS 

OKLAHOMA 

KANSAS 

TEXAS 


COLORADO 

■■ 

NEVADA 

■■ 

■■  ■  1 

CALIFORNIA 

[^ 

■■ 

'    ' 

UTAH 
IDAHO 
SOUTH  DAKOTA 

S 

IRON 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


COPPrt 
MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


MINNESOTA 
MICHIGAN    ' 
ALABAMA 
NEW  YORK 
WISCONSIN 


T^ 


( 

MONTANA 

ARIZONA 

MICHIOAN 

> 

1 

0 

20                80 

40 

"TT 

^m  ^m  ^B 

1  1 

CAUFORNIA 
UTAH 

r 

n 


LEAD  AND  ZINC 

MILLIONS.  OF  DOLLARS 


MISSOURI 
WISCONSIN 
KANSAS 
OKLAHOMA   k 


LIMESTONE 

MILLliONS  OF  DOLLARS 


GRAN  IT  E 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

■■ 

ILLINOIS              » 

■i 

INDIANA 

■i 

OHIO 

■ 

NEW  YORK 

■ 

MISSOURI 

■ 

0 

10 

MASSACHUSETTS 

■ 

MAINE 

■ 

CALIFORNIA 

■ 

WISCONSIN 

I 

HEW  HAMPSHIRE 

1 

PHOSPHATE  ROCK 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


FLORIDA 
TENNESSEE 
SOUTH  CAROLINA 


m 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


541 


IHDUSTRY  AND  STATE. 


Coal,  anthracite 

Pennsylvania 

Coal,  bltomlnoas 

Pennsylvania 

Illinois 

West  Virginia 

Ohio , 

Alabama 

Colorado 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

W  yoming 

Washington 

Tennessee 

Oklahoma 

Missouri 

Montana 

Petrolenm  and  natural  sag  ■  ■ 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

California 

West  Virginia 

Illinois 

Oklahoma 

Kansas 

Texas 

Copper 

Montana 

Arizona 

Michigan 

California 

Utah 

Iron 

Minnesota 

Michigan 

A  labama 

New  York 

Wisconsin 

Precious  metals.  Deep  mines- 
Colorado  

Nevada 

Callfomia 

Utah 

Idaho 

South  Dakota 

Precious  metals,  Placer  mines 
California 

Lead  and  zinc 

Missouri 

Wisconsin 

Kansas 

Oklahoma 

Umestone 

Pennsylvania 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Ohio 

New  York 

Missouri 

Granite 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Maine 

California 

Wisconsin 

New  Hampshire 

Phosphate  rock 

Florida 

Tennessee 

South  Carolina 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


192 

189 

3,503 

689 

470 

307 

441 

112 

86 

223 

258 

240 

118 

35 

32 

85 

56 

173 

48 

7,793 
3,030 
1,188 
339 
442 
323 
711 
217 
163 

in 

35 
43 
7 
9 
22 

176 
20 
24 
25 
14 
6 

1,604 

439 
218 
395 
108 
60 
13 

678 
392 

977 
617 
88 
189 

47 

1,665 

311 
81 
126 
144 
127 
144 

707 
51 

82 
85 
62 
21 
40 

51 
26 
23 
5 


■WAGE  EARNERS 
(DEC.  15,  OE  NEAR- 
EST REPRESENTA- 
TIVE   DAY). 


Number. 


173, 504 
173,263 

569,789 

184,408 

74,445 

69,666 

44,405 

23,479 

15,461 

22,357 

17,623 

19,655 

12,791 

7,839 

6,155 

11,154 

8,814 

9,528 

4,612 

39,831 
7,397 
5,897 
7,007 
7,093 
4,059 
3,066 
1,302 
1.405 

53,143 

13,697 
11,394 
19,022 
2,510 
3,304 

52,230 

16,218 
16,125 
5,666 
2,542 
1,455 

33,616 

7,586 
3,818 
6,622 
3,905 
3,077 
3,466 

4,199 

3,073 

21,603 

16,319 
1,753 

848 
724 

37, 695 

7,179 
3,276 
3,724 
3,746 
3,104 
2,437 

20,561 

2,035 
2,278 
2,132 
1,318 
1,448 
1,305 

8,186 

5,105 
1(725 
1,307 


Per 

cent 

of 

total. 


100.0 

99.9 

100.0 
32.4 
13.1 
12.2 
7.8 
4.1 
2.7 
3.9 
3.1 
3.4 
2.2 
1.4 
1.1 
2.0 
1.5 
1.7 
0.8 

100.0 
18.6 
14.8 
17.6 
17.8 
10.2 
7.7 
3.3 
3.5 

100.0 

25.8 
21.4 
35.8 
4.7 
6.2 

100.0 

31.1 
30.9 
10.8 
4.9 
2.8 

100.0 

22.6 
11.4 
19.7 
11.6 
9.2 
10.3 

100.0 

73.2 

100.0 

75.5 
8.1 
3.9 
3.4 

100.0 
19.0 

8.7 
9.9 
9.9 
8.2 
6.5 

100.0 
9.9 
11.1 
10.4 
6.4 
7.0 
6.3 

100.0 

62.4 
21.1 
16.0 


VALUE  or  PRODUCTS. 


Amount. 


Per 

cent 
of 

total. 


1149, 180, 471 

148,957,894 

427,962,464 
147,466,417 
53,030,545 
46,929,592 
27,353,663 
18,459,433 
15,782,197 
15,018,123 
12,682,106 
10,003,481 
9,835,614 
9,721,134 
0,226,793 
6,688,454 
6,186,078 
5,881,034 
5,117,444 

185, 416, 684 
39,197,475 
29,620,959 
29,310,335 
28,188,087 
18,895,815 
17,685,092 
6,681,780 
6,391,313 

134,616,987 

45,960,517 
31,014,116 
30,165,443 
10,104,373 
8,432,099 

106,947,082 

57,076.135 

32,168,133 

4,939,149 

3.095.023 

2,972,584 

83,886,928 

27,147,937 
17,807,945 
9,690,956 
8,541,522 
7,926.602 
6,120,970 

10,237,252 

8,751,032 

31,363.094 

22,565,528 

1,989,907 

1,059,540 

695, 235 

29,832,492 
4,733,819 
3,977,359 
3,616,696 
3,363,149 
2,656,142 
2,027,902 

18,997,976 

2,829,522 
2,185,986 
1,761,801 
1,518,916 
1,433,105 
1,205,811 

10, 781, 192 

8.488,801 

1.395,942 

862,409 


100.0 

99.9 

100.0 
34.5 
12.4 
11.0 
6.4 
4.3 
3.7 
3.5 
3.0 
2.3 
2.3 
2.3 
2.2 
1.6 
1.4 
1.4 
1.2 

100.0 
21.1 
16.0 
15.8 
15.2 
10.2 
9.5 
3.6 
3.4 

100.0 
34.1 
23.5 
22.4 
7.6 
6.3 

100.0 

63.4 
30.1 
4.6 
2.9 
2.8 

100.0 
32.4 
21.2 
11.6 
10.2 
9.4 
7.3 

100.0 

85.5 

100.0 
71.9 
6.3 
3.4 

2.2 

100.0 
15.9 
13.3 
12.1 
11.3 


100.0 
14.9 
11.5 
9.3 
8.0 
7.5 
6.3 

100.0 

78.7 
12.9 
8.0 


Statistics  are  given  for  each  of  the  states  where  the 
industry  in  question  is  important  either  by  reason 
of  the  absolute  value  of  the  product  or  of  its  pro- 
portion of  the  total  for  the  industry.  In  most  of  the 
industries  here  shown  the  production  is  so  concen- 
trated that  the  states  given  represent  upward  of 
nine-tenths  of  the  entire  production,  but  in  the  case 
of  the  lead  and  zinc,  limestone,  and  granite  industries, 
the  aggregate  value  of  the  products  reported  by  the 
states  named  falls  short  of  this  fraction. 


Of  the  value  of  the  products  of  the  bituminous  coal 
mines  in  1909,  Pennsylvania  contributed  more  thai 
one-third,  and  a  group  of  five  states — Pennsylvania 
West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois — togethei 
reported  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  total.  Includ- 
ing those  just  named,  the  table  shows  16  states, 
situated  in  all  parts  of  the  Union,  which  had  a  prod- 
uct valued  at  more  than  $5,000,000.  The  anthracite 
coal  production  is  practically  confined  to  the  state  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Petroleum  and  natural  g^s  also  show  production 
centers  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  Pennsyl- 
vania leads,  with  a  little  over  one-fifth  of  the  total 
value  of  products  for  the  industry,  but  does  not  report 
so  large  a  proportion  of  the  total  as  in  the  case  of  coal. 

More  than  one-third  of  the  value  of  products  for  the 
copper  industry  in  1909  was  represented  by  the  product 
of  Montana,  while  Arizona  and  Michigan  each  con- 
tributed over  one-fifth.  More  than  one-half  of  the 
value  of  products  for  the  iron  industry  in  1909  was 
contributed  by  Minnesota  and  somewhat  less  than 
one-third  by  Michigan. 

In  the  production  of  precious  metals  by  placer 
mining  California  was  the  only  important  state,  while 
nearly  one-third  of  the  value  of  products  for  deep 
mines  was  reported  from  Colorado  and  over  one-fifth 
from  Nevada.  The  production  of  Alaska  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  table,  which  relates  exclusively  to  con- 
tinental United  States  It  may,  however,  be  noted  that 
the  canvass  of  mines  in  Alaska  by  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census  gave  $12,762,000  as  the  value  of  the  products 
of  placer  mining  in  that  territory.  The  inquiry  of 
1909  was  the  first  attempt  to  secure  information  con- 
cerning placer  mining  in  Alaska  by  census  methods. 
The  wide  extent  of  the  field  and  the  difficulties  of  the 
inquiry  lead  to  the  belief  that  the  product  reported  is 
considerably  short  of  the  actual  product  of  the  Alaska 
placer  mines. 

The  lead  and  zinc  industry  is  geographically  far 
more  closely  concentrated  than  any  thus  far  con- 
sidered. In  1909  Missouri  reported  71.9  per  cent 
of  the  total  value  of  products  of  this  industry  and 
employed  75.5  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  en- 
gaged therein.  The  phosphate  rock  industry  shows  a 
marked  concentration  in  the  state  of  Florida,  which 
reported  78.7  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products 
and  employed  62.4  per  cent  of  all  wage  earners  in  the 
industry.  On  the  other  hand,  the  production  of  lime- 
stone and  granite  is  widely  distributed.  In  the  case 
of  the  limestone  industry,  the  six  states  which  had  a 
product  exceeding  $2,000,000  in  value  together  re- 
ported but  little  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  total 
value  of  products;  and  in  the  case  of  the  granite 
industry  the  six  states  having  a  product  in  excess  of 
$1,000,000  in  value  reported  only  57.5  per  cent  of  the 
total.  In  addition  the  variation  in  value  of  products 
among  the  states  named  in  the  table  is  much  less 
marked  in  the  case  of  these  industries  than  in  most  of 
the  other  industries  listed. 


548 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


PEBSOXS  ENGAGED  IN  MINING  INDUSTRIES. 


The  number  of  persons  engaged  in  raining  industries, 
by  classes,  was  ascertained  as  far  as  possible  for  De- 
cember 15  of  the  year  1909.  In  those  cases,  however, 
where  the  mines  were  not  in  operation  on  that  date, 
or  the  time  records  for  that  date  were  not  obtainable, 
the  numbers  were  ascertained  for  the  nearest  repre- 
sentative date.  In  addition  to  this  information,  the 
number  of  wage  earners,  without  classification,  was 
ascertained  for  the  15th  day  of  every  month.' 

The  whole  number  of  persons  engaged  in  connection 
with  producing  mines,  quarries,  and  wells,  as  re- 
ported on  December  15,  or  the  nearest  representative 
day,  was  1,139,332,  of  whom  1,065,283  were  wage 
earners.  Since  the  representative  day  was  taken  in 
some  other  month  than  December,  in  many  cases, 
because  the  mines  were  not  in  operation  on  December 
15,  as  stated  above,  this  number  of  wage  earners  is 
greater  than  the  number  actually  engaged  at  any 
given  time.  The  greatest  number  simultaneously 
employed  in  all  producing  mines  was  1,022,885,  this 
number  being  reported  for  November  15.  This  does 
not,  however,  represent  the  entire  number  of  persons 
who  gave  all  or  a  part  of  their  time  to  mining  in  1909. 
The  busiest  months  do  not  coincide  for  all  mining 
industries  nor  for  all  mines  within  a  given  industry. 
Mining,  moreover,  affords  some  contrast  to  manufac- 
tures with  respect  to  emplojmient.  Whereas  in  the 
manufacturing  cities  there  is  some  opportunity  for 
wage  earners  to  pass  from  one  industry  where  employ- 
ment is  temporarily  slack  to  another  where  labor  is 
in  greater  demand,  there  is  rarely  sufficient  diversity 
of  mining  industries  in  a  given  locality  to  permit  such 
a  shifting.  Furthermore,  even  within  an  industry  as 
widespread  as  bituminous  coal  mining,  distance  would 
largely  prevent  the  employees  of  a  mine  temporarily 
shut  down  from  seeking  employment  in  other  coal 
mines.  The  total  number  of  wage  earners  reported 
for  December  15,  or  the  nearest  representative  day, 
namely,  1,065,283,  may  therefore  be' accepted  as  less, 
if  anything,  than  the  total  number  of  wage  earners 
who  derived  a  livelihood  from  mining  during  the  year 
1909. 

Distribution  by  sex  and  age.— Table  10  shows  the 
classification  of  the  persons  employed  in  producing 
mines  on  the  15th  day  of  December,  or  the  nearest 
representative  day. 

Women  were  employed  only  in  supervisory  and 
clerical  capacities,  none  being  reported  as  wage  eam- 

'  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  business  year  for  which 
retiims  were  obtained  did  not  in  all  cases  coincide  with  the  cal- 
endar year  As  a  result,  the  total  for  the  month  of  December 
includes  a  few  returns  for  December,  1908,  when  the  business 
year  ended  before  Dec.  31  1909.  In  such  cases  it  was  assumed 
that  the  number  employed  on  the  15th  day  of  December,  1909 
T^o  approximately  equal  to  the  number  reported  for  Dec.  15' 
1908  The  same  applies  to  the  figures  for  other  months,  some  of 
which  were  reported  for  1908  and  others  for  1910.  The  statistics 
ot  the  number  of  wage  earners  must,  therefore,  be  regarded  as 
approximations;  they  are  sufficiently  close,  however,  for  purposes 
of  general  comparison.  >        f  ^v^^^^ 


ers  in  mining  operations  proper.  It  will  be  noted, 
moreover,  that  the  reported  number  of  boys  under 
16  years  of  age,  8,151,  is  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the 
whole  number  of  wage  earners  employed. 


Table  10 

CLASS. 

persons  engaged  in  producing 
enterprises:  1909 

Total. 

Male.          Female. 

All  classes 

1,139,332 

.    1.135,528 

3.804 

Proprietors  and  officials 

49,374 

47,931 

1,443 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 

29,922 
5,657 
13,795 

24,675 

1,065,283 

28,571 
5,577 
13,783 

22,314 

1,06.5,283 

1,351 
80 
12 

2,361 

Salaried  officers  of  corporations 

Superintendents  and  managers 

Clerks  and  other  salaried  employees 

Wage  earners 

16  years  of  age  and  over 

1,057,132 
8,151 

1,057,132 
8, 151 

Under  16  years  of  age 

Distribution  by  industrial  status. — Tabic  1 1  shows  for 
all  mining  industries  and  for  the  nine  most  important 
industries  separately  the  distribution  of  the  persons 
engaged  in  producing  enterprises  according  to  general 
character  of  occupation  or  industrial  status,  together 
with  the  percentage  that  each  class  forms  of  the  total. 


Table  11 


All  Industries  .. 
Coal 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural 

gas 

Copper 

Iron 

Precious  metals 

Lead  and  zinc , 

Limestone 

Granite 

Phosphate  rock 


pebsons  engaged  in  producing  enterprises:  1909 


Number. 


Total. 


1,139,332 
770,681 
178,004 
592,677 

62, 172 
65,258 
55,176 
43,191 
24,397 
41,029 
22,211 
8,573 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
offi- 
cials. 


49.374 
12,935 
1,315 
11,620 

19,353 
661 
1,109 
4,508 
2,525 
2,645 
1.248 
214 


Clerks 
and 
other 
sala- 
ried 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


24, 675 

14,453 
3,185 
11,268 

2,988 
1.454 
1,837 


402 
173 


Wage 
earn- 
ers. 


1,065,283 

743,293 
173,504 
569,789 

39,831 
53,143 
52,230 
37,815 
21,603 
37, 695 
20,561 
8,186 


Per  cent  of  total. 


Pro- 
prie- 
tors 
and 
offi- 
cials. 


4.3 

1.7 
0.7 
2.0 

31.1 
1.1 
2.1 
10.4 
10.4 
6.4 
5.6 
2.5 


Clerks 
and   i 

other  i  ■a.r„„„ 
sala-  ;^*«^ 

ploy-  I 
ees. 


2.2  93.5 

1.9  96.4 

1.8  97.5 

1.9  !  90.1 


4.8 
2.7 
3.3 
2.0 
1.1 
1.7 
1.8 
2.0 


64.1 
96.2 
94.6 
87.6 
88.5 
91.9 
92.6 
95.5 


Of  the  whole  number  of  persons  engaged  in  produc- 
ing enterprises,  4.3  per  cent  were  proprietors  and 
officials,  2.2  per  cent  were  clerks  and  other  salaried 
employees,  and  93.5  per  cent  were  wage  earners.  The 
proportion  of  proprietors  and  officials  ranges,  among 
the  industries  given,  from  1.1  per  cent  in  the  copper 
industry  to  31.1  per  cent  in  the  petroleum  and  natu- 
ral gas  industry.  Large  proportions  for  proprietors 
and  officials  occur  also  in  the  production  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  and  of  lead  and  zinc.  In  the  anthracite 
branch  of  the  coal  industry  proprietors  and  officials 
formed  only  0.7  per  cent  of  all  persons  engaged  in  the 
industry.  The  range  of  difference  with  respect  to  the 
proportion  of  clerks  is  much  less  than  with  respect 
to  the  proportion  of  proprietors  and  officials. 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


549 


Proprietors  performing  manual  labor. — Table  12 
gives,  for  the  principal  mining  industries,  the  number 
of  proprietors  and  firm  members  compared  with  the 
number  and  percentage  who  perform  manual  labor. 


Table  12 


All  industries 

Coal,  bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 
Precious  metals: 

Placer  mines 

Deep  mines 

Lead  and  zinc 

Limestone 

Granite 


pkoprietors  and  firm 

members  in  producing 

enterprises:  1909 


Total. 


29.922 

3.-39 
16,213 

951 
2,011 
1,947 
1,634 

730 


Performing 
manual  labor. 


Number. 


8,861 

1,713 
2.155 

673 
951 
1,171 
640 
318 


Per 
cent. 


29.6 

45.8 
13.3 

70.8 
47.3 
60.1 
39.2 
43.6 


Mine  operators  of  the  old  type  who  operate  their 
mines  without  the  assistance  of  hired  help  or  with 
little  help  are  still  quite  numerous,  as  appears  from 
the  fact  that  out  of  a  total  of  29,922  proprietors  and 


firm  members  in  1909,  8,861,  or  nearly  three-tenthSj 
were  personally  performing  manual  labor  in  or  about 
their  enterprises.  The  industries  in  which  proprietors 
of  this  type  were  relatively  the  most  numerous  include 
bituminous  coal  mining,  in  which  45.8  per  cent  of  the 
proprietors  and  firm  members  were  performing  manual 
labor;  lead  and  zinc  mining,  and  placer  mining  (surface 
gold  washing),  in  each  of  which  industries  a  majority 
of  the  proprietors  were  working  in  their  own  mines;  and 
deep  gold  and  silver  mines,  in  which  nearly  one-half  of 
all  proprietors  belonged  to  this  class.  There  are  also 
a  considerable  number  of  proprietors  and  firm  members 
performing  manual  labor  in  the  petroleum  and  natural 
gas  industry,  but  as  the  whole  number  of  proprietors 
and  firm  members  is  very  large,  they  constitute  a 
comparatively  small  percentage  of  the  total. 

Wage  earners  by  occnpation. — Table  13  gives  for  all 
mining  industries  and  for  the  nine  most  important 
industries  separately  the  number  of  wage  earners  in 
producing  mines  classified  by  specific  occupation  and 
by  age  group,  distinguishing  those  who  work  above  and 
those  who  work  below  ground. 


Table  13 


CLASS  OF  WAGE  EARNERS. 


All  wac*  earners  (producing  enterprises 
only ) 

If  en  1 6  years  of  age  and  over 

Engineers,  firemen,  mechanics,  etc 

Miners,  miners'  helpers,  quarrymen,  and 
stonecutters 

All  other  wage  earners 

Boys  under  16  years  of  age 

Above  ground,  total 

Men  16  years  of  age  and  over 

Engineers,  firemen,  mechanics,  etc 

Miners,  miners'  helpers,  quarrymen,  and 

stonecutters 

All  other  w^o  earners , 

Boys  under  16  years  of  age 

Below  ground,  total 

Men  16  years  of  age  and  over 

Engineers,  firemen,  mechanics,  etc 

Miners  and  miners  helpers 

All  other  wage  earners 

Boys  under  16  years  of  age 


AU 

mining 

industries. 


1, 066, 283 


1,057,132 
103,519 

627,613 

326,100 

8,151 

366,962 
361,928 
93,586 

78,380 

189,962 

5,034 

098,321 
695,204 

9,933 
549,133 
136, 138 

3,117 


Total. 


743,293 


736,325 
42,098 

467,179 

227,048 

6,968 

142,843 
138,792 
34,141 


104,651 
4,051 

600,450 
597,533 

7,957 
467,179 
122,397 

2,917 


Bitu- 
minous. 


(69,789 


566,068 
29,826 

384,023 

152,219 

3,721 

94,090 
93,2r3 
24,389 


68,884 
817 

475,699 
472, 795 

5,437 
384,023 
83,335 

2,904 


Anthra- 
cite. 


173,(04 


170,267 

12,272 

83,156 

74,829 
3,247 

48,753 
45,519 
9,752 


35,767 
3,234 

124,751 
124,738 
2,520 
83,156 
39,062 
13 


Petro- 
leum 

and 
natural 

gas. 


39,831 


39,820 
27,063 


12,757 
11 

39,831 
39,820 
27,063 


12,757 
11 


Copper. 


S3, 143 


Iron. 


52,830 


53,077 
6,860 

28,570 

17,647 

66 

22,481 
22,420 
6,238 

1,269 

14,913 

61 

30,662 

30,657 

622 

27,301 

2,734 

5 


51,741 
7,073 

24,926 
19,742 


24,889 
24,5(59 
6,597 

4,736 

13,236 

320 

27,341 
27,172 
476 
20,190 
6,506 


Precious 
metals. 


37, 815 


37,803 
5,710 

21,855 

10,238 

12 

15,333 
15,324 
5,112 

2,870 
7,342 


22,482 

22,479 

598 

18,985 

2,896 

3 


Lead 
and 
zinc. 


21.603 


21,673 
3,745 

12,552 

5,276 

30 

8,062 
8,037 
3,584 

427 

4,020 

25 

13,541 
13,536 
161 
12,126 
1,260 
5 


Lime- 
stone. 


37,695 


37,572 
3,224 

26,748 

8,600 

123 

37,695 
37,572 
3,224 

25,748 

8,600 

123 


Oranite. 


20,561 


20,474 
1,921 

14,290 

4,263 
87 

20,561 

20,474 

1,921 

14,290 

4,263 

87 


Phos- 
phate 
rock. 


8,186 


8,119 
1,049 

4,376 

2,695 

67 

7,925 
7,858 
1,049 

4,117 

2,692 

67 

261 
261 


258 
3 


This  table  gives  further  information  in  regard  to 
the  employment  of  boys  under  16  years  of  age.  Only 
eight-tenths  of  1  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners  in  aU 
mining  industries  were  boys  under  16  years  of  age, 
and  of  these  only  three-eighths  were  employed  below 
ground.  The  largest  number  of  boys  under  16  years  of 
age  (3,721)  were  employed  in  bituminous  coal  mining, 
though  3,247  were  employed  in  the  anthracite  coal- 
mining industry,  where  they  formed  nearly  2  per  cent 
of  the  whole  number  of  wage  earners — a  higher  per- 
centage than  in  any  other  industry  shown  in  the 
table.  Most  of  the  boys  in  the  anthracite  coal  indus- 
try, however,  were  employed  above  ground.  In  none 
of  the  other  industries  shown  in  the  table  did  the  pro- 
portion of  boys  under  16  years  of  age  reach  1  percent 
of  the  whole  number  of  wage  earners. 


Miners  and  miners'  helpers,  quarrymen,  and  stone- 
cutters constitute  the  most  numerous  class  of  wage 
earners,  forming,  in  1909,  58.9  per  cent  of  the  whole 
number  employed  in  all  industries  combined.  The 
proportion  of  miners  and  miners'  helpers  reached  67.4 
per  cent  in  the  bituminous  coal  industry  and  47.9 
per  cent  in  anthracite  coal  mining.  It  was  about  the 
same  in  the  iron  mines,  but  somewhat  greater  in  the 
other  industries  employing  miners.  In  the  limestone 
and  granite  industries  quarrymen  and  stonecutters  are 
naturally  the  largest  numerical  group. 

The  wage  earners  included  under  the  heading  of 
"  Engineers,  firemen,  mechanics,  etc.,"  constituted 
9.7  per  cent  of  all  wage  earners  employed  in  mining 
in  1909.  The  proportion  was  lowest  in  the  coal  in- 
dustry, where  such  wage  earners  formed  5.7  per  cent 


650 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


of  the  total,  and  highest  in  the  petroleum  and  natural 
gas  industry,  where  they  constituted  67.9  per  cent. 
The  miscellaneous  group  "All  other  wage  earners," 
which  is  composed  mostly  of  unskilled  laborers,  com- 
prised 30.6  per  cent  of  all  wage  earners  employed.  The 
proportion  in  tliis  class  was  largest  in  anthracite  coal 
mining  (43.1  per  cent)  and  smallest  in  the  granite 
industry  (20.7  per  cent). 

In  all  mining  industries  about  one-third  of  the  wage 
earners  (34.4  per  cent)  were  employed  above  ground 
and  about  two-thirds  (65.6  per  cent)  below  ground 
The  two  branches  of  the  coal-mining  industry  have  a 
larger  proportion  of  their  wage  earners  below  ground 
than  any  other  mining  industry.  In  the  phosphate 
rock  industry  only  3,2  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners 
were  employed  below  ground,  while  three  of  the  indus- 
tries named  in  the  table — the  petroleum  and  natural 
gas,  hmestone,  and  granite  industries — are  exclusively 
surface  industries. 

Contract  work. — In  addition  to  the  work  performed 
by  wage  earners  regularly  engaged  in  mining  and  by 
the  proprietors  who  contribute  their  own  labor  to  the 
operation  of  the  mines,  a  portion  of  the  work  inci- 
dent to  mining  is  done  by  contract.  The  number 
of  wage  earners  employed  by  contractors  can  not  be 
ascertained,  because  the  work  is  temporary  and  the 
same  men  after  completing  one  job  are  shifted  to 
another  place.  A  special  form  of  contract  work  com- 
mon in  certain  metalliferous  mines  is  the  working  of 
mines  in  return  for  a  share  of  the  product.  Under 
this  system  a  miner  "leases"  a  block  in  a  mine  on  a 
royalty  basis;  the  product  is  dehvered  by  him  to  the 
mine  owner,  who  disposes  of  it,  deducts  the  royalty, 
and  pays  the  "lessee"  his  share.  In  the  operation  of 
petroleum  and  natural  gas  wells,  little  labor  is  required. 
This  condition  has  called  into  existence  a  special  class 
of  mechanics  who  contract  with  individual  operators 
to  take  care  of  their  properties,  devoting  to  each  prop- 
erty only  a  part  of  their  time. 

The  relative  importance  of  work  done  under  con- 
tract, as  compared  with  the  work  performed  by  regu- 
lar wage  earners,  is  shown  by  a  comparison  of  the  total 
amount  paid  out  in  wages  with  the  total  expenditure 
for  contract  work.  While  thfe  total  wages  paid  in  the 
United  States  in  1909  amounted  to  $586,774,000, 
the  total  expenditure  for  contract  work  amounted  to 
$28,888,000,  which  included  $3,798,000  paid  to  miners 
compensated  by  a  share  of  the  product,  and  $1,035,000 
paid  to  part-time  men  for  taking  care  of  petroleum 
and  natural  gas  wells.  There  were  3,261  operators, 
or  16.4  per  cent  of  the  total  number  in  the  United 
States,  whose  properties  we're  operated  exclusively 
by  contract  work,  as  defined  above.  This  form  of 
operation  was  more  or  less  general  with  operators 
of  petroleum  and  natural  gas  wells,  of  whom  3,021,  or 
38.8  per  cent,  belonged  to  this  class.  Next  in  point 
of  numbers  were  104  operators  of  deep  mines  of  pre- 
cious metals,  or  6.5  per  cent  of  all  operators  engaged  in 


that  industry,  who  employed  contract  labor  exclu- 
sively. In  all  other  industries  combined  this  class  in- 
cluded only  136  operators,  or  1.3  per  cent  of  the  total. 
Number  of  persons  employed,  by  months. — Table  14 
shows  the  number  of  wage  earners  reported  for  the 
15th  of  each  month  in  producing  enterprises  in  all 
mining  industries  combined  and  in  coal  mining  sep- 
arately, the  latter  industry,  as  already  noted,  includ- 
ing nearly  70  per  cent  of  all  wage  earners  in  producing 
enterprises. 


Table  14 


January... 
Febraary. 

March 

April 

May , 

June 

July , 

August 

September, 

October 

November. 
December. 


WAGE  EAENERS  IN  PRODUCING  ENTElftEISES:  1909 


All  mining 
industries. 


Number. 


940, 119 
936,418 
943,493 
928,563 

937,002 
949,615 
961,940 
971,263 

993,075 
1,013,326 
1, 022, 885 
1,013,895 


Per 
cent  of 
maxi- 
mum. 


91.9 
91.5 
92.2 
90.8 

91.6 
92.8 
94.0 
95.0 

97.1 
99.1 
100.0 
99.1 


Coal. 


Number. 


691,244 
686,322 
679,791 
649,870 

646,592 
652,894 
659,434 
667,146 

685,234 
704,939 
720,341 
729,273 


Per 
cent  of 
maxi- 
mum. 


94.8 
94.1 
93.2 
89.1 

88.7 
89.5 
90.4 
91.5 

94.0 
96.7 
98.8 
100.0 


All  other  mining 

industries. 


Number. 


248, 875 
250,096 
263,702 
278,693 

290,410 
296,721 
302,506 
304,117 

307,841 
308,387 

302,544 
284,622 


Per 
cent  of 
maxi- 
mum. 


80.7 
81.2 
85.5 
90.4 

94.2 
96.2 
98.1 
98.6 

99.8 
100.0 

98.1 
92.3 


For  all  industries  combined  the  largest  number  of 
wage  earners,  1,022,885,  was  reported  for  November 
and  the  smallest,  928,563,  or  90.8  per  cent  of  the  maxi- 
mum, for  April.  The  figure  for  April,  however,  is  only 
slightly  below  the  figures  for  the  three  preceding  months 
of  the  year.  From  April  to  November  the  number 
increased  gradually,  but  December  showed  a  slight 
falling  off.  In  coal  mining  the  month  of  greatest 
activity  was  December,  and  that  of  least  activity  was 
May,  when  the  number  employed  was  equal  to  88.7  per 
cent  of  the  number  employed  in  December.  From 
May  to  December  there  was  a  steady  increase  in  the 
number  of  wage  earners  employed.  It  should  be  noted 
that  the  figures  in  this  table  furnish  only  a  most  unsat- 
isfactory indication  of  the  regularity  of  employment. 
In  the  coal-mining  industry  in  particular  many  mines 
operate  only  part  of  the  days  each  week  or  each  month, 
and  while  the  number  of  wage  earners  on  the  rolls  on 
the  15th  of  the  month  (which  is  more  often  reported 
than  the  number  actually  drawing  pay)  may  be  sub- 
stantially the  same  from  month  to  month,  yet  the 
average  number  of  days  each  miner  works  during  the 
year  may  be  much  less  than  the  possible  number  of 
working  days.  In  other  words,  there  is  a  good  deal 
of  unemployment  so  distributed  through  the  year  as 
not  to  cause  much  fluctuation  in  the  monthly  returns. 

For  the  principal  industries  Table  15  shows  the 
month  of  maximum  and  of  minimum  employment, 
the  number  reported  for  each  of  these  months,  and 
the  percentage  which  the  minimum  represents  of  the 
maximum. 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


Table  15 


All  Industries... 
Coal 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural 

Copper 

Iron 

Precious  metals 

Lead  and  elnc 

Limestone 

Granite 

Phosphate  rock 


WAGE  EARNERS  IN  PEODUCINQ  ENTERPRISES:  1909 


Maximum. 


Month. 


Nov.. 
Dec... 
Mar... 
Dec... 
Nov..., 
Oct.... 
Oct.... 
Juiy..., 
Dec.... 
Sept... 
Sept... 
July..., 


Number. 


1, 022. 885 
729,273 
173,02.5 
660,089 
39.932 
53,148 
61,055 
33,869 
18,374 
37,209 
21,899 
8,114 


Minimum. 


Month. 


Apr.. 

May. 
Aug.. 
May., 
Feb.. 
Dec.. 
Jan.. 
Dec.. 
Jan.. 
Jan.. 
Jan.. 
Oct.. 


Number. 


Per 
cent  of 
maxi- 
mum. 


928,663 
646,592 
165,740 
478,455 
33,521 
50,151 
43,491 
30,751 
15,330 
17,908 
13,732 
7,610 


90.8 

88.7 
95.8 
85.4 
83.9 
94.4 
85.2 
90.8 
83.4 
48.1 
82.7 
93.8 


The  coal  industry  is  divided  in  this  table  into  its  two 
constituent  branches.  Anthracite  mining  shows 
greater  regularity  of  employment  from  month  to 
month  than  bituminous  mining.  It  will  be  noted  that 
the  months  of  maximum  and  minimum  employment 
for  the  two  branches  do  not  correspond.  For  the 
remaining  industries  the  month  of  maximum  employ- 
ment is  generally  in  the  fall  of  the  year  except  in  the 
case  of  the  production  of  precious  metals  and  of  phos- 
phate rock,  where  it  is  July.  The  quarrying  indus- 
tries, limestone  and  granite  quarrying,  show  a  wide 
divergence  between  the  months  of  maximum  and  mini- 
mum employment,  due  to  the  fact  that  they  are  sur- 
face industries  and  much  affected  by  weather  condi- 
tions. For  both  industries  the  smallest  number  of 
wage  earners  was  reported  for  January. 

Prevailing  hours  of  labor. — ^In  Table  16  producing 
mines  and  quarries  have  been  classified  according  to 
the  prevailing  hours  of  labor  per  day  in  each  enterprise. 
Petroleum  and  natural  gas  wells  are  not  included  in 
this  table,  because  many  of  them  are  operated  without 
hired  labor,  or  by  men  who  give  to  each  enterprise 
only  a  part  of  their  time.  Neither  are  those  enter- 
prises included  in  which  all  labor  is  performed  by 
contractors.  The  table  shows  the  percentage  of  the 
total  number  of  enterprises  f  alUng  into  each  group,  and 
a  percentage  distribution  in  which  each  enterprise  has 
been  given  a  weight  according  to  the  total  number  of 
wage  earners  employed  on  December  15,  1909,  or  the 
nearest  representative  day.  It  should  be  clearly  borne 
in  mind  that  these  latter  percentages  do  not  show  pre- 
cisely the  proportion  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earn- 
ers working  the  specified  number  of  hours  per  day, 
since  in  many  cases  some  of  the  employees  work  a 
greater  oi*  less  number  of  hours  than  those  generally 
prevailing  in  the  enterprise.  The  table  shows  that 
about  one-half  of  the  enterprises  have  adopted  the 
8-hour  day,  while  the  other  half  are  operated  on  a  9-hour 
or  10-hour  basis.  There  is  considerable  variation  in 
this  respect  among  the  several  mining  industries. 
The  prevailing  hours  are  8  or  less  per  shift  in  more  than 
nine-tenths  of  the  deep  gold  and  silver  mines,  more 


than  five-sixths  of  the  copper  mines,  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  lead  and  zinc  mines,  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  bituminous  coal  mines,  about  three-fifths 
of  the  placer  mines,  and  slightly  less  than  one-half  oi 
the  granite  quarries.  The  9-hour  shift  is  predominant 
in  anthracite  coal  mines  and  the  10-hour  day  in  iron 
mines,  limestone  quarries,  and  the  phosphate  rock  in- 
dustry. In  very  few  mines  do  the  prevailing  hours 
exceed  10  per  shift,  the  only  conspicuous  exception 
being  the  phosphate  rock  industry,  in  which  11  or  12 
hours  per  shift  constitute  the  prevailing  hours  for  over 
one-fourth  of  the  enterprises. 


Table  16 

ENTERPRISES. 

Percent 
distribu- 

OnXJSTRT AND  HOURS  FEB  DAT. 

Number. 

Per  cent. 

tion  of 
enter- 
prises 

weighted 
according 

to  num- 
ber of 
wage 

earners. 

A111n<1n!;tTl«R.  , 

12,192 

6,876 

1,822 

4,393 

31 

70 

100.0 

48.2 
14.9 
36.0 
0.3 
0.6 

100  0 

R  hnnrs  and  iindnr 

44.5 
26  9 

9  hours 

10  hours 

27  5 

11  hours 

0  3 

12  hours 

0  8 

Coal,  anthracite 

353 
13 

289 

50 

1 

4,284 

2,922 

554 

804 

4 

200 

170 
17 
12 
1 

293 

15 

19 

254 

4 

1 

1,302 

1,192 
49 
45 
16 

48S 

288 
46 

138 
4 
9 

807 
597 
130 
70 

1 
9 

1,544 

120 

187 

1,231 

4 

2 

692 

332 
171 

188 

1 

69 
1 

60 
8 
10 

100.0 
3.7 
81.9 
14.1 
0.3 

100.0 

68.2 
12.9 
18.8 
0.1 

100.0 

85.0 
8.5 
6.0 
0.5 

100.0 
6.1 

6.5 

86.7 

L4 

0.3 

100.0 

91.6 
3.8 
3.5 
1.2 

100.0 

59.4 
9.5 

28.5 
0.8 
1.9 

100.0 

74.0 
16.1 
8.7 
0.1 
1.1 

100.0 

7.8 
12.1 
79.7 
0.3 
0.1 

100.0 

48.0 
24.7 
27.2 
0.1 

100.0 
1.4 

72.5 
1L6 
14.5 

100  0 

8  hours  and  under 

1  7 

9  hours 

97  9 

10  hours. 

014 
100  0 

12  hours 

Co«i,  h'tflminons.    . , 

8  hours  and  under 

69  5 

9  hours 

13.9 

10  hours 

25  7 

12  hours. . . . '. 

0  9 

Copper 

100  0 

8  hours 

81  8 

9  hours 

12  5 

10  hours 

5  3 

12  hours 

0  3 

Iron 

100  0 

8  hours 

3.9 

9  hours 

3.9 

10  hours 

90.4 

11  hours 

1.5 

12  hours 

0.3 

Precious  metals,  Deep  mines 

100.0 

8  hours  and  under 

95.4 

9  hours 

2.7 

10  hours 

1.7 

12  hours 

0.2 

Predoas  metals,  Placer  mines 

100.0 

8  hours  and  under 

69.5 

9  hours 

12.2 

10  hours 

15.0 

11  hours 

1.6 

12  hours 

1.7 

Lead  and  zinc 

100.0 

8  hours  and  under 

82.1 

9  hours 

8.0 

10  hours. 

9.6 

11  hours... 

0.2 

12  hours 

0.1 

T,|i)ne!7toTie 

100.0 

3.4 

9  hours... 

6.3 

88.8 

0.4 

1.1 

Granite 

100.0 

8  hours.    

54.6 

9  hours 

18.5 

10  hours *. 

26.7 

0.2 

Phosphate  rock 

100.0 

8  hours  

^'^7. 

10  hours 

11  hours 

11.8 

12  hours '. 

20.7 

>  Less  than  one -tenth  of  1  per  cent. 


552 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 

LAND  TENURE. 


In  mining,  as  in  agriculture,  the  land  is  the  source 
from  which  wealth  is  drawn,  and  the  control  of 
land  is  an  important  factor  in  mining  operations.  The 
Thirteenth  Census  was  the  first  at  which  the  inquiry 
into  land  tenure  was  extended  to  all  branches  of  the 


mining  industry.  Table  17  gives,  for  all  mining  indus- 
tries combined  and  for  the  nine  most  important  in- 
dustries separately,  statistics  of  the  land  controlled, 
distinguishing  the  character  of  the  land  and  also  the 
form  of  tenure. 


Table  17 


All  industries . 


Coal. 


Anthracite . . 
Bituminous . 


Petroleum  and  natural  gas  . 

Copper 

Iron 

Precious  metals 


Lead  and  zinc  . . 

Limestone 

Granite 

Phosphate  rock . 


ACREAGE  OF  LAND  CONTROLLED  BT  PBODUCING  ENTERPRISES:  1909 


All  land. 


Total. 


84,215,611 

8,182,749 

465,134 

7,717,615 

12,694,838 

275,598 

1,313,214 

588,263 

125,322 
128,495 
51,398 
340,697 


Owned. 


19,389,121 

•5,952,110 
1316,867 
5,635,243 

686,268 

270,771 

1,064,227 

461,158 

102,569 
96,084 
42,960 

327,726 


Held  under 


114,838,179 

12,242,328 
1159,956 
2,082  372 

12,008,570 

4,827 
248,987 
127,105 

22,753 

32,411 

8,438 

12, 971 


Percent 
owned. 


38.8 


68.1 
73.0 

5.4 
98.2 
81.0 

78.4 

81.8 
74.8 
83.6 
96.2 


Mineral  and  oil  land. 


Total. 


21,414,662 

6,847,545 

274,359 

6,673,186 

12,694,838 
126,851 
387,608 
469,455 

103,555 
88,152 
39,548 

243,221 


Owned. 


a  6, 920, 673 

a  4, 732, 556 
8  183,144 
4,549,412 

686,268 
122,798 
282,661 
397,097 

81,418 
58,774 
32,036 
230,405 


Held  under 
lease. 


2  14,504,964 

s  2, 125, 964 
2 102, 190 
2,023,774 

12,008,570 

4,053 

104.947 

72,358 

22,137 

29,378 

7,513 

12,816 


Timber 
land. 


1,138,901 

435,216 

71,851 

363,365 


57,781 
456,682 
33,745 

10,120 
9,176 
3,266 

92,580 


other 
land. 


1,662,048 


118,924 
781,064 


90,966 
468,924 
85,063 

11,647 
31,167 
8,684 
4,896 


1  Inclusive  of  11,689  acres  reiwrted  both  in  acreage  owned  and  acreage  held  under  lease. 
"  Inclusive  of  10,975  acres  reported  both  in  acreage  owned  and  acreage  held  under  lease. 


The  total  acreage  of  all  land  controlled  by  producing 
enterprises  was  24,216,000  acres.  Of  course,  not  all 
of  this  area  was  in  actual  use,  lai^e  tracts  being  held 
ia  reserve.  The  greater  part  of  this  land  was  mineral 
and  oil  land,  but  there  were  1,139,000  acres  of  timber 
land  and  1,662,000  acres  of  other  land.  Under  these 
two  headings  are  comprised  land  which  had  not  been 
prospected  and  whose  mineral  resources  were  still  un- 
known, as  well  as  some  land  used  for  building  and 
other  purposes. 

In  comparing  the  statistics  of  land  controlled  for 
different  industries  or  different  states,  it  should  be 
noted  that  the  area  of  land  is  not  necessarily  an  mdex 
of  the  importance  of  the  holdings,  as  some  land  is  far 
more  rich  in  minerals  than  other  land. 

Of  the  total  area  controlled  by  operators  of  mining 
enterprises  in  1909,  more  than  one-half  was  connected 
with  the  petroleum  and  natural  gas  industries.  Of  the 
remainder,  by  far  the  largest  part  was  reported  for 
the  coal  industry.  The  holdings  of  the  bituminous 
mines  are  far  more  extensive  in  comparison  with 
the  value  of  the  products  of  those  mines  than  those 
of  the  anthracite  mines.  The  holdings  of  land  by 
operators  of  iron  mines  are  also  very  considerable. 
Some  indication  of  the  amount  of  reserve  land  held 


in  the  different  industries  is  afforded  by  the  propor- 
tion reported  under  the  description  of  "Timber  land" 
and  "Other  land."  This  proportion  is  greatest  in  the 
iron  industry. 

Of  the  total  amount  of  land  controlled  by  mine 
operators,  38.8  per  cent  was  owned  by  the  operators 
themselves  and  the  remainder  held  under  lease.  The 
petroleum  and  natural  gas  industry,  in  which  most  of 
the  land  is  held  under  lease,  presents  a  marked  con- 
trast to  all  the  other  industries  shown  in  the  table. 
Excluding  the  land  controlled  in  the  petroleum  and 
natural  gas  industry,  operators  in  other  mining  indus- 
tries controlled  11,521,000  acres,  of  which  8,703,000 
acres,  or  75.5  per  cent,  were  owned  by  the  operators. 
The  two  industries  showing  the  widest  departure  from 
this  proportion  are  the  copper  industry,  in  which  the 
operators  owned  98.2  per  cent  of  the  land  controlled, 
and  the  phosphate  rock  industry,  where  the  proportion 
of  land  owned  was  96.2  per  cent.  The  proportions 
owned  in  the  coal  industry  and  its  two  branches — 
72.7  per  cent  for  the  industry  as  a  whole,  68.1  per  cent 
for  the  anthracite  branch,  and  73  per  cent  for  the 
bituminous  branch — fell  somewhat  below  the  propor- 
tion given  above  for  all  mining  industries  exclusive  of 
the  petroleum  and  natural  gas  industry. 


FORM  OF  ORGANIZATION. 


Table  18  on  the  next  page  has  for  its  purpose  the 
presentation  of  conditions  with  respect  to  the  form 
of  organization  of  producing  mining  enterprises  for  all 
mining  industries  combined  and  the  nine  leading 
industries  separately. 


The  most  important  distinction  brought  out  by  the 
table  is  that  between  corporate  and  all  other  forms  of 
organization.  Among  19,915  operators  of  producing 
mines,  quarries,  and  wells,  7,041,  or  35.4  per  cent, 
were   corporations.     These  incorporated  enterprises, 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


558 


however,  employed  90.6  per  cent  of  the  wage  earners 
engaged  in  mining  enterprises,  and  reported  91. '4  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  products.  Individuals 
formed  32.1  per  cent  of  the  whole  number  of  operators, 
but  they  employed  only  3.9  per  cent  of  the  wage 
earners  and  are  credited  with  only  3  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  products.  The  proportions  for  firms 
differ  but  little  from  those  for  individuals,  being 
slightly  less  in  the  case  of  the  number  of  operators 
and  slightly  greater  in  the  case  of  the  number  of  wage 
earners  and  the  value  of  products.  Moreover,  it  may 
be  noted  that  while  the  average  value  of  products  was 
$160,832  per  operator  for  corporations,  it  was  only 
$9,136  for  firms  and  only  $5,723  for  individuals. 

Corporations  constituted  a  majority  of  the  opera- 
tors in  the  phosphate  rock  industry  (88.2  per  cent), 
the  iron  industry  (73.3  per  cent),  the  copper  indus- 
try (67.4  per  cent),  and  the  coal  industry  (52.6  per 
cent).  In  the  copper  industry  corporations  employed 
99  per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  wage  earners. 
Other  industries  where  a  very  large  percentage  of 
the  wage  earners  were  employed  by  corporations 
are  iron  mining  (98.1  per  cent),  the  phosphate  rock 
industry  (95.8  per  cent),  and  coal  mining  (93.6  per 
cent).  More  than  90  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
products  in  the  mining  industry  as  a  whole  was  cred- 
ited to  corporations.  The  largest  percentages  for 
the  individual  industries  were  as  follows:  The  iron 
industry,  99.6  per  cent;  the  copper  industry,  99.1  per 
cent;  the  phosphate  rock  industry,  96.4  per  cent;  the 
coal-mining  industry,  94.4  per  cent;  and  the  precious 
metal  industries,  92.2  per  cent.  The  two  quarrying 
industries — the  limestone  and  granite  industries — are 
the  only  ones  shown  in  the  table  in  which  as  much 
as  25  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products  is 
credited  to  other  than  corporate  enterprises. 


Table  18 


INDUSTBY  AND 

FORM  OF 
ORGANIZATION. 


All  industries 

Indivldiial 

Firm 

Corporation 

other 

Coal 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

Otlier 

Petroleum  and  nat 

ural  gas 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

other 

Copper 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

Iron 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

Precious  metals. . . 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

other 

Lead  and  sine 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

Limestone 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

other 

Oranlte 

Individual 

Firm 

Corporation 

Other 

Phosphate  rock . . . 

Firm 

Corporation 


19,915 

6,387 

6,262 

7,041 

225 


PEODUciNG  enterprises:  1909 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


1, 065, 283 

41,908 

50,777 

965,483 

7,115 


3,695 

1,058 

664 

1,942 

31 


7,793 
2,298 
3,360 
1,966 
169 

161 

26 
26 
109 

176 
23 
24 

129 

2,282 

622 

674 

976 

10 


522 
366 

1,666 
911 
295 
451 


707 
323 
166 
215 
3 


Number 
of  wage 
earners. 


$1,238,410,322 

36,551,114 

57,209,620 

1,132,418,758 

12.230,830 


743,293 
17,475 
24,699 

695,985 
5,134 


39,831 
2,020 
3,085 

32,636 
2,090 

53,143 

168 

344 

52,631 

52,230 
481 
536 

51,213 

37, 815 
2,591 
2,783 

32,232 
209 

21,603 

779 

2,926 

17,898 

37, 696 

7,781 

5,178 

24,551 

185 

20, 661 
3,745 
3,225 

13,490 
101 

8,186 

346 

7,840 


Value  of  products. 


677,142,936 

10,490,068 

17,111,132 

644,885,641 

4,656,094 


185.416,684 

9,662,086 

18,954,985 

149,358,498 

7,441,115 

134,616,987 

163,908 

1,038,831 

133,414,248 

106,947,082 

222,946 

201,411 

106,522,725 

94. 123, 180 

3,228,424 

3,997,463 

86,750,458 

146,835 

31,363,094 

824,504 
3,601,589 
26,937,001 

29, 832, 492 
4,181,655 
3,486,343 

22,061,746 
102,748 

18,997,976 
3,029,150 
2,967,938 

12,923,039 

77,849 

10,781,192 

389  207 

10,391,985 


Per 
operator. 


$62,185 
5,723 
9,136 

160,832 
54,359 


156, 193 

9,915 

25,770 

280,585 

^50,197 


23,793 
4,204 
5,641 
75,971 
44,030 

836, 130 

6,304 

39,955 

1,223,984 

607, 664 
9,693 
8,392 

825,757 

42,146 

5,190 
5,931 
88,884 
14,684 

32, 101 

9,264 
6,899 
73,598 

17,917 
4,590 
11,818 
48,917 
12,844 

26,871 

9,378 
17,879 
60,107 
25,950 

211,396 
64,868 
230,933 


100.0 
32.1 
31.4 
35.4 
1.1 


PEE  CENT  OF 
TOTAL. 


feS 

a® 


100.0 
3.9 

4.8 
90.6 
0.7 


100.0 

28.6 
18.0 
52.6 
0.8 


100.0 
29.5 
43.1 
25.2 
2.2 

100.0 
16.3 
16.3 
67.4 

100.0 

13.1 
13.6 
73.3 

100.0 

27.3 
29.5 
42.8 
0.4 

100.0 

9.1 

53.4 

37.5 

100.0 
54.7 
17.7 
27.1 
0.5 

100.0 

45.7 
23.5 
30.4 
0.4 

100.0 
11.8 
88.2 


100.0 
2.4 
3.3 

93.6 
0.7 


100.0 
5.1 
7.7 

81.9 
5.3 

100.0 
0.3 
0.7 
99.0 

100.0 
0.9 
1.0 

18.1 

100.0 

6.9 

7.4 

85.2 

0.5 

100.0 
3.6 
13.5 
82.9 

100.0 

20.7 
13.7 
65.1 
0.5 

100.0 

18.2 
15.7 
65.6 
0.5 

100.0 

4.2 

95.8 


100.0 

3.0 

4.7 

91.4 

0.9 


100.0 

1.8 

3.0 

94.4 

0.8 


100.0 

5.2 
10.2 
80.6 

4.0 

100.0 

0.1 
0.8 
99.1 

100.0 
0.2 
0.2 
99.6 

100. 0 
3.4 

4.2 
92.2 
0.2 

100.0 

2.6 

11.5 

85.9 

100.0 
14.0 
11.7 
74.0 
0.3 

100.0 
16.0 
15.6 
68.0 
0.4 

100.0 

3.6 

96.4 


SIZE  OF  ENTEEPBISES. 


The  tendency  toward  concentration  in  the  mining 
industries  can  be  measured  by  a  classification  of  mine 
operators  according  to  the  number  of  wage  earners 
employed  or  according  to  the  value  of  the  products 
per  operator. 

Classification  according  to  number  of  wage  earners. — 
Table  19,  on  the  next  page,  gives,  for  all  mineral  indus- 
tries combined  and  for  the  most  important  individual 
industries,  a  classification  of  producing  enterprises 
according  to  the  number  of  wage  earners  employed, 
and  shows  for  each  class  the  number  of  operators  and 
the  number  of  wage  earners.  It  does  not  include  those 
mines  and  quarries  which  were  worked  on  contract 
or  for  a  share  of  the  product,  nor  does  it  include 
the  petroleum  and  gas  wells  which  were  cared  for  by 
part-time  employees. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  most  numerous  type  of 
mine  operator  is  the  small  producer,  about  three-fifths 
of  all  operators  employing  only  from  1  to  20  men  each, 


while  more  than  one-tenth  of  all  operators  employed 
no  wage  earners  at  all.  On  the  other  hand,  more  than 
one-half  of  the  total  number  of  mine  workers  were 
employed  by  operators  emplojdng  more  than  500  men 
each,  although  such  operators  constituted  only  1.7 
per  cent  of  the  total  number  of  operators.  The  degree 
of  concentration  varies  in  different  industries.  In 
anthracite  coal  mining  over  five-sixths  of  all  wage 
earners  were  employed  by  the  18  largest  operators, 
each  of  whom  employed  1,000  or  more  men.  Copper 
mining  follows  next,  three-fourths  of  the  wage  earn- 
ers in  this  industry  being  employed  by  the  12  largest 
operators,  with  a  force  of  over  1,000  men  each.  Iron 
mining  holds  the  third  place,  with  9  operators  of  this 
class  employing  more  than  one-half  of  the  wage 
earners.  There  is  also  a  large  degree  of  concentration 
in  bituminous  coal  mining,  where  77  operators  of  this 
class,  constituting  2.2  per  cent  of  the  total  num- 
ber, employed  nearly  one-half  of  the  wage  earners. 


554 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


In  the  production  of  petroleum  and  natural  gas  the 
degree  of  concentration  is  not  as  high  as  in  the  min- 
ing of  coal,  iron,  and  copper;  the  8  largest  operators, 
however,    employed    over    two-fifths    of    the    wage 


earners.  On  the  other  hand,  in  precious  metal 
mining,  lead  and  zinc  mining,  and  stone  quarry- 
ing, small-scale  production  is  still  the  predominant 
type. 


Table  19 


INDUSTRY  AND  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS'  FER  OPERATOR. 


PBODCONO  enterprises:  1909 


Operators. 


All  industries 

No  wage  earners 

lto6 

6to20 

21  to  50 

61  to  100 

lOltofiOO 

501  to  1,000 

Over  1,000 

Anthracite  coal 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

61  to  100 

101  to  500 

501  to  1,000 

Over  1,000 

Bitaminoos  coal 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

61  to  100 

101  to  500 

601  to  1,000 

Over  1,000 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

51  to  100 

101  to  500 

Over  500 

Copper 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

51  to  100 

101  to  500 

601  to  1,000...' 

Over  1,000 


Number. 


16,657 

2,187 

6,292 

3,837 

1,973 

983 

1,105 

155 

125 


192 

7 
39 
28 
19 
19 
44 
18 
18 

3,476 
23 

600 
939 
575 
466 
693 
103 
77 

4,778 

1,324 

2,749 

519 

104 

40 


168 

8 
48 
30 
17 
16 
19 


Wage  earners.' 


Percent 
distri-      Number, 
bution. 


100.0 
13.1 
37.8 
23.0 
11.8 
5.9 
6.6 
0.9 
0.8 


100.0 
3.6 
20.3 
14.6 
9.9 
9.9 
22.9 
9.4 
9.4 

100.0 
0.7 
17.3 
27.0 
16.5 
13.4 
19.9 
3.0 
2.2 

100.0 

27.7 
57.6 
10.9 
2.2 
0.8 
0.6 
0.2 

100.0 

6.1 
30.4 
19.0 
10.8 
10.1 
12.0 
5.1 
7.6 


1,065,283 


14,788 
43,083 
64,327 
71,045 
242,999 
110,191 
518,850 


173,504 


102 

317 

612 

1,459 

12,082 

11,857 

147,075 

569,789 


2,162 
10,183 
18,988 
33,820 

156,523 
73,517 

274,596 

39,831 


4,875 
5,313 
3,144 
2,823 
5,687 
17,989 

53,143 


144 
360 
579 
1,248 
4,998 
5,508 
40,306 


Per  cent 
distri- 
bution. 


100.0 


1.4 
4.0 
6.0 

6.7 
22.8 
10.3 

48.7 


100.0 


0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.8 
7.0 
6.8 
84.8 

100.0 


0.4 
1.8 
3.3 
5.9f 
27.5 
12.9 
48.2 

100.0 


12.2 
13.3 
7.9 
7.1 
14.3 
45.2 

100.0 


0.3 
0.7 
1.1 
2.3 

9.4 
10.4 
75.8 


INDUSTRY  AND  NUMBER  OF  WAGE 
EARNERS  I  PER  OPERATOR. 


Iron 

No  wage  earners 

1  to5 

6  to  20 

21  to  50 : 

51  to  100 

101  to  500 

501  to  1,000 

Over  1,000 

Precious  metals 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

Over  50 

Lead  and  zinc . . 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

51  to  100 

101  to  500 

601  to  1,000 

Over  1,000 

Limestone 

No  wage  earners 

lto5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

61  to  100 

Over  100 

Granite 

No  wage  earners 

1  to5 

6to20 

21  to  50 

61  to  100 

Over  100 

Phosphate  rock 

1  to  5  wage  earners 

6to20 

21  to  60 

51  to  100 

Over  100 


PRODUCING  enterprises:  1909 


Operators. 


Number. 


173 

4 

12 

30 

36 

24 

49 

9 

9 

2,169 

378 
913 
527 
203 
148 

950 

133 

293 

289 

184 

39 

5 

4 

3 

1,642 
96 
665 
526 
282 
104 


704 
10 
199 
265 
132 
63 
46 

51 
2 

11 

11 
6 

21 


Percent 
distri- 
bution. 


100.0 
2.3 
6.9 
17.4 
20.8 
13.9 
28.3 
5.2 
6.2 

100.0 

17.4 
42.1 
24.3 
9.4 
6.8 

100.0 

14.0 

30.9 

30.4 

19.4 

4.1 

0.5 

0.4 

0.3 

100.0 

5.9 

34.4 

32.0 

17:2 

6.3 

4.2 

100.0 

1.4 
28.3 
37.6 
18.8 
7.5 
6.4 

100.0 
3.9 
21.6 
21.6 
11.8 
41.2 


Wage  earners.* 


Number. 


52,230 


39 
374 
1,227 
1,742 
11,399 
7,132 
30,317 

37, 815 


2,330 
5,802 
6,648 
23,035 

21,603 


814 
3,500 
5,910 
2,691 

826 
3,346 
4,617 

37,695 


1,453 
6,168 
9,201 
7,432 
13,441 

20,561 


638 
3,069 
4,367 
3,830 

8,657 

8,186 

17 

179 

463 

1,024 

6,503 


Percent 
distri- 
bution. 


100.0 


0.1 
0.7 
2.4 
3.3 
21.8 
13.7 
58.0 

100.0 


6.2 
15.3 
17.6 
60.9 

100.0 


3.8 
16.2 
27.4 
12.4 

3.8 
15.6 
20.9 

100.0 


3.8 
16.4 
24.4 
19.7 
35.7 

100.0 


3.1 
14.9 
21.3 
18.6 
42.1 

100.0 
0.2 
2.2 
6.7 
12.5 
79.4 


1  Based  on  number  reported  for  Dec.  15, 1909,  or  nearest  representative  day. 


A  marked  distinction  with  respect  to  the  degree  of 
concentration  exists  between  regular  producing  mines, 
quarries,  and  wells,  on  the  one  hand,  and  nonproducing 
properties  on  the  other.  The  latter  includes  for  the 
most  part  enterprises  which  are  still  in  the  develop- 
ment stage,  as  well  as  others  which  have  had  a  product 
in  the  past  but  whose  present  operations  are  confined  to 
the  maintenance  of  the  property,  or  to  development 
work  with  a  view  to  resuming  production. 

About  two-thirds  of  all  the  wage  earners  engaged 
in  nonproducing  mining  properties  were  employed  by 
operators  employing  not  exceeding  20  wage  earners 
each.  The  largest  enterprises  in  this  class  were  repre- 
sonted  by  12  operators  employing  from  101  to  500 
wage  earners  each.  On  the  other  hand,  more  than 
one-half  of  all  wage  earners  engaged  in  producing 
mines  were  employed  by  operators  with  a  working 
force  of  500  men  or  over. 


Table  20  shows  the  distribution  of  operators  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  wage  earners  for  producing  and 
nonproducing  properties  separately. 


Table  20 

PRODUCING  ENTERPRISES. 

NONPRODUCING  ENTERPRISES. 

WAGE  EARNERS  1 

Operators. 

Wage  earners.! 

Oi)erators. 

Wage  earners.* 

PER  OPERATOR. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Number. 

Per 
cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 

cent 
dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Num- 
ber. 

Per 
cent 

dis- 
tribu- 
tion. 

Total 

No  wage  earners. 

16,667 

2,187 

6,292 

3,837 

1,973 

983 

1,105 

155 

125 

100.0 
13.1 
37.8 
23.0 
11.8 
5.9 
6.6 
0.9 
0.8 

1,065,283 

100.0 

3,396 

196 
2,253 
779 
127 
28 
12 

100.0 

6.8 
66.4 
23.0 
3.7 
0.8 
0.3 

21,499 

100.0 

lto5 

14,788 

43,083 

64,327 

71,045 

242,999 

110, 191 

518,850 

1.4 

4.0 

6.0 

6.7 

22.8 

10.3 

48.7 

6,207 
7,659 
3,751 
1,961 
1,921 

28.9 
35  6 

6to20 

21  to  50 

17  6 

61  to  100 

9  1 

101  to  500 

501  to  1,000 

8.9 

Over  1,000 

1  Based  on  number  reported  for  Dec.  15, 1909,  or  nearest  representative  day. 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


555 


Classification  according  to  value  of  products. — 
Table  21  gives,  for  all  mining  industries  and  for 
the  most  important  industries  separately,  a  classijfica- 


tion  of  the  operators  according  to  value  of  products 
per  operator,  and  shows,  for  each  class,  the  numbei 
of  operators  and  the  total  value  of  products. 


Table  21 


INDU3TET  AND  VALUE  OF  PEODUCTS 
FES  OPEBATOB. 


All  industries 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1.000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 

Coal 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 

Anthracite  coal 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 

Bltnmlnons  coal 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 

Copper 

Less  t  han  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  and  over 


PEODUCING  ENTERPEISES:  1909 


INDUSTRY  AND  VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
PER  OPERATOR. 


Iron 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000. . . 
$1,000,000  and  over 

Precious  metals 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000. . . 
$1,000,000  and  over 

Lead  and  zinc . . 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000. . . 
$1,000,000  and  over 

Limestone 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000... 

Oranite 

Less  than  $5,000 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  to  $1,000,000... 

Phosphate  rock 

Less  than  $5,fJ00 

$5,000  to  $20,000 

$20,000  to  $100,000 

$100,000  and  over 


PRODUCING  enterprises:  1909 


Operators. 


Number. 


176 

42 
34 
47 
38 
15 

2,282 

1,571 

347 

208 

140 

16 

977 
531 
231 
173 
38 
4 

1,665 

940 
401 
270 
54 

707 

276 
235 
149 

47 

51 

9 
11 

8 
23 


Per  cent 
distri- 
bution. 


100.0 

23.9 
19.3 
26.7 
21.6 
8.5 

100.0 

68.8 
15.2 
9.1 
6.2 
0.7 

100.0 

54.4 
23.6 
17.7 
3.9 
0.4 

100.0 

56.5 
24.1 
16.2 
3.2 

100.0 
39.0 
33.2 
21.1 
6.7 

100.0 
17.6 
21.6 
15.7 
45.1 


Value  of  products. 


Amoimt. 


106, 947, 082 

54,003 

363,050 

2,416,815 

14,023,823 

90,089,331 

94, 123, 180 

1,775,238 
3,599,027 
9,226,301 
38,704,156 
40,818,458 

31,363,094 
901,363 
2,407,108 
7,776,942 
7,339,203 

12,938,478 

29, 832, 492 

1,370,469 
4,177,822 
12,318,129 
11,966,072 

18,997,976 
585,023 
2,590,945 
6,415,992 
9,400,016 

10, 781, 192 
21, 132 
106,680 
445,855 

10,207,525 


Percent 

distri- 
bution. 


100.  ( 
0.1 

o.a 

2.1 
13.1 
84.2 

100.  ( 

l.£ 

3.S 

9.  J 

41.1 

43.4 

100.  ( 

2.£ 
7.7 
24.5 
23.4 
41.2 

100.  ( 

4.f 
14.  ( 
41.  J 
40.] 

100.  ( 
3.1 

13.  e 

33.  S 
49.  £ 

100.  c 
0.2 
l.C 
4.1 

94.7 


The  relative  importance  of  small-scale  and  large- 
scale  production  in  mining  can  be  seen  from  the  fact 
that  the  11,384  operators  reporting  products  valued 
at  less  than  $5,000,  though  they  constituted  57.2  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  of  operators,  reported  only 
1.5  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  products,  while  the 
164  operators  reporting  products  valued  at  more  than 
$1,000,000,  though  they  formed  less  than  1  per  cent 
of  the  whole  number  of  operators,  reported  57.5  per 
cent  of  the  total  value  of  products.  The  degree  of  con- 
centration varies  in  the  different  industries,  operators 


reporting  products  of  more  than  $1,000,000  in  value 
contributing  92.7  per  cent,  as  measured  by  value,  of  the 
copper  product,  84.2  per  cent  of  the  iron  ore,  84.2  per 
cent  of  the  anthracite  coal,  52.1  per  cent  of  the  bitumi- 
nous coal,  46.2  per  cent  of  the  petroleum  and  natural  gas, 
43.4  per  cent  of  the  precious  metals,  and  41,2  per  cent 
of  the  lead  and  zinc.  In  the  phosphate  rock  industry 
which  reported  a  total  value  of  products  of  $10,781,192 
there  was  one  operator  whose  products  were  valued  at 
more  than  $1,000,000.  The  other  mining  industries  do 
not  show  so  high  a  degree  of  concentration. 


EXPENSES. 


The  census  does  not  purport  to  furnish  figures  which 
can  be  used  for  determining  profits  or  exact  cost  of 
production. 

Table  22  shows,  however,  for  1909,  in  percentages, 
the  distribution  of  expenses  in  producing  enterprises 
by  classes  for  all  mining  industries  combined  and 
for  the  most  important  industries  separately.  This 
table  shows  that  for  all  industries  combined  61.4  per 
cent  of  the  total  expenses  were  incurred  for  services — 
that  is,  salaries  and  wages — 23.8  per  cent  for  sup- 
phes,  materials,  and  fuel,  6.1  per  cent  for  royalties 
and  rent  of  mines,  and  8.7  per  cent  for  all  other 
purposes. 


Table  22 

INDUSTRY. 

per  cent  OF  TOTAL  EXPENSES  REPORTED  FOE 
PRODUCING  ENTERPRISES.! 

Salaries. 

Wages. 

Supplies, 
materials, 
and  fuel. 

Royal- 
ties and 
rent  of 
mines. 

Miscella- 
neous. 

5.1 

3.2 
5.5 
5.3 
3.4 
.     4.6 
5.6 
4.1 
7.2 
6.6 
8.0 

66.3 

66.3 
74.3 
20.0 
45.9 
40.1 
44.4 
43.2 
59.0 
68.6 
43.3 

23.8 

19.2 
12.1 
37.8 
44.2 
23.3 
37.7 
37.6 
22.0 
16.6 
30.4 

6.1 

5.7 
3.1 

15.7 
1.7 

20.5 
1.7 
9.4 
2.0 
1.2 
4.7 

8.7 

Coal: 

5.6 

5.0 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

21.2 

4.8 

11.5 

10.6 

5.7 

9.7 

7.0 

13.6 

'  For  absolute  figures  on  which  these  percentages  are  based,  see  Table  28,  p.  562. 


556 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


As  would  be  expected,  the  proportions  vary  con- 
siderably in  the  different  industries.  The  largest  per- 
centage for  services  (79.8)  is  shown  for  the  bituminous 
branch  of  the  coal-mining  industry,  the  smallest  per- 
centage (25.3)  being  reported  for  the  petroleum  and 
natural  gas  industry.  The  proportion  for  suppHes, 
materials,  and  fuel  varies  from  44.2  per  cent  for  the 


copper  industry  to  12.1  per  cent  for  bituminous  coal 
mining;  the  proportion  for  royalties  and  rent  of  mines, 
from  20.5  per  cent  for  iron  mining  to  1.2  per  cent  for 
granite  quarrying;  and  the  proportion  for  miscellane- 
ous expenses,  from  21 .2  per  cent  for  the  petroleum  and 
natural  gas  industry  to  4.8  per  cent  for  the  copper 
industry. 


POWEE. 


Table  23  shows,  for  all  mining  industries  and  for  the 
most  important  industries  separately,  the  number  of 
engines  or  other  motors,  according  to  their  character, 
employed    in    generating    power    (including    electric 


motors  operated  by  purchased  current),  and  their 
total  horsepower.  It  also  shows  separately  the  num- 
ber and  horsepower  of  electric  motors  which  were 
run  by  current  generated  by  the  same  establishment. 


Ta1»le  23 


All  Indnstries 

Coal 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

Copper 

Iron 

Precious  metals 

Lead  and  «inc 

Limestone 

Granite 

Phosphate  rock 


PRODUCING  enterprises:  1909 


Primary  jwwer. 


Aggregate 
horse- 
power. 


4,608,253 

1,904,154 

676,753 

1,227,401 

1.221,969 
376.464 
346,534 
228,244 

110,559 
125,024 
61,095 
50,626 


Owned. 


Total 
horsepower. 


4,402,554 

1,877,450 

675,343 

1,202,107 

1,221,809 
324,178 
342.069 
144,502 

107,276 
115,573 
54,213 
50, 426 


Steam  engines. 


Number. 


70,573 

19,318 
7,580 
11,738 

36,928 

699 

3,563 

1,074 

2,158 

2,166 

1,346 

549 


Horse- 
I)ower. 


3, 786, 552 

1,874,001 

674,571 

1,199,430 

746,658 
303,848 
326, 753 
84,953 

94,220 
112,390 
,52,549 
46,817 


Gas  or  gasoline 
engines. 


Number, 


23,296 

374 
25 
349 

21,762 
71 
27 
429 

214 
119 
65 
32 


Horse- 
power. 


518, 542 

3,101 

772 

2,329 

475, 151 
2,325 
2.651 


12.9S7 
2,911 
1,142 
3,609 


Water  wheels. 


Num- 
ber. 


908 


15 
30 
704 

3 
9 


Horse- 
power. 


97,460 

348 
'   '348 


18,005 
12,665 
49,853 

69 
272 
522 


Electric  motors 

operated  by 
rented  current. 


Number. 


872 

32 

840 

6 

819 

55 

2,142 

59 

206 

159 

1 


Horse- 
power. 


26,704 

1,410 

25,294 

160 
52,286 
4,465 
83,742 

3,283 

9,451 

6,882 

100 


Electric  motors 

run  by  current 

generated  by  same 

establishment. 


Number., 


14, 203 

10,869 
1,1.52 
9,717 

454 
536 
326 
574 

361 

170 

57 

339 


Horse- 
power. 


493, 721 

375,386 

46,088 

.329,298 


25,888 
13,295 
16,054 

12,048 
5,291 
1,346 

21,388 


Of  the  total  primary  power  used  in  mining,  4,402  554 
horsepower,  or  95.5  per  cent,  was  owned  by  the  mine 
operators,  only  205,699  horsepower,  all  of  which  was 
electric  power,  being  rented.  The  total  amount  of 
electric  power  used,  including  that  generated  at  the 
mines,  aggregated  699,420  horsepower.  Nearly  three- 
fourths  of  the  total  rented  power  was  reported  from 
the  Mountain  and  Pacific  states,  where  the  abundance 


of  water  power  and  the  scarcity  of  coal  makes  the 
transmission  of  electric  power  profitable.  The  owner- 
ship of  water  power  by  mine  operators  was  insignifi- 
cant, except  in  the  production  of  the  precious  metals, 
which  is  mainly  confined  to  the  group  of  states  above 
mentioned.  Of  the  horsepower  generated  by  gas  or 
gasohne  engines,  91.6  per  cent  was  utilized  in  the  petro- 
leum and  natural  gas  industry. 


QUANTITY  OF  MINERALS. 


The  statistics  relating  to  quantity  of  minerals  were 
collected  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  but  the  results  given  in  Table  24 
vary  slightly  from  those  published  by  that  bureau. 
The  latter  relate  in  every  case  to  the  calendar  year 
1909,  whereas  the  census  data  are  for  the  business  year 
of  each  establishment,  to  accord  with  the  statistics  of 
persons  employed  in  mining  industries  as  well  as  with 
the  expenses  incurred .  Moreover,  the  figures  presented 
in  the  table  deal  with  products  sold  or  used  by  the 
mine  operators,  whereas  the  statistics  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey  in  many  cases  show  the 
quantities  actually  produced  during  the  calendar  year. 


For  metalliferous,  other  than  iron,  mines  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey  publishes  the  quantities  of 
metals  recovered  by  refineries  which  the  ore  ultimately 
reaches,  whereas  Table  24  relates  to  the  crude  prod- 
ucts sold  by  mine  operators.  Thus  the  gold  content 
of  all  domestic  ore  mined  in  contuiental  United  States, 
and  sold  in  the  crude  state,  together  with  the  assay 
content  of  mill  and  placer  bullion,  as  given  in  the  table, 
aggregated  3,876,943  fine  ounces,  whereas  the  produc- 
tion of  refined  gold  in  continental  United  States,  a& 
estimated  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey 
in  cooperation  with  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  was 
3,837,773  ounces;  the  difference  does  not  exceed  1 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


557 


per  cent  of  the  total  production.  Likewise,  the  assay- 
content  of  all  silver  ore  and  mill  and  placer  bullion 
produced  in  the  United  States,  as  reported  by  mine 
operators,  was  57,294,492  ounces,  whereas  the  total 
production  of  refined  bullion  in  the  United  States,  in- 
cluding Alaska,  as  estimated  by  the  Director  of  the 
Mint  and  reported  by  refineries  to  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census,  aggregated  in  round  figures  54,500,000  fine 
ounces,  the  variance  being  due  in  greater  part  to  losses 
in  recovery. 


No  quantities  for  structural  materials  are  presented  in 
the  table  below,  by  reason  of  the  great  diversity  in  the 
units  of  measure,  depending  on  quality  as  well  as  on  the 
uses  for  which  the  stone  is  intended.  The  only  com- 
mon measure  for  the  production  of  building  stone  is 
value. 

Where  the  products  of  a  given  industry  were  mar- 
keted by  some  establishments  in  crude  state  and  by 
others  in  dressed  or  refined  state,  the  figures  below  are 
presented  as  reported  by  the  operators. 


Table  24 


Unit  of 
measure. 


Fuels: 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

Petroleum 

Natural  gas 

*    Peat 

.Metals:' 

Iron 

Gold,  total" 

Continental  U.  S. 

Alaska 

Silver 

Copper,  total 

Lake' 

Western  < 

Lead: 

Argentiferoas  < ... 

Nonargentiferous . 
Zinc: 

Argentiferous* ... 

Nonargentiferous . 

Quicksilver 

Manganese 

Tungsten 


Tons,  2,000  lbs 
Tons,  2,000  Ite 

Barrels 

M  cubic  feet . . 
Tons,  2,000  lbs 

Tons,  2,240  lbs 
Fine  ounces... 
Fine  ounces. . . 
Fine  ounces. . . 
Fine  ounces. . . 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Pounds 

Tons,  2,000  lb6^ 

Pounds 

Tons,  2,000  lbs' 
Pounds  net . . . 
Tons,  2,240  lbs 
Toas,  2,0001  bs 


Total. 


80,968,130 

376,865,510 

171,557,485 

430,956,466 

15,671 

50,521,208 

4,860,871 

3,876,943 

983,928 

57,294,492 

1,089,800,000 

234,137,051 

855,662,949 

434,880,257 
249,936 

98,882,379 

818,821 

1,563,675 

1,644 

1,619 


Crude. 


171,557,485 

i,'264' 

50,521,208 


855,662,949 

434,880,257 
249,935 

98,882,379 
818,821 


1,544 
1,619 


Dressed  or 
refined. 


14,417 


234,137,051 


1,563,675 


Miscellaneous: 

Asbestos 

Barytes 

Bauxite 

Clay 

Conmdum  and  emery. 

Feldspar 

Fluorspar 

Fullers'  eartti 

Garnet 

Graphite 

Gypsum 

Mica: 

Sheet 

Scrap 

Monazite  and  zircon. . 

Phosphate  rock 

Pumfce 

Pyrite 

Quartz 

Sulphur 

Talc  and  soapstone . . . 


Unit  of 
measure. 


Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 
Tons, 


2.000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs. 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs. 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs . 
2,000  lbs . 
2.000  lbs . 


Pounds 
Tons,  2, 
Tons,  2, 
Tons,  2 
Tons,  2, 
Tons,  2, 
Tons,  2, 
Tons,  2 
Tons,  2, 


000  lbs. 
000  lbs, 
240  lbs . 
000  lbs. 
240  lbs . 
000  lbs. 
OOOlbs. 
000  lbs. 


Total. 


3,233 

48,984 

142,341 

2,159,647 

1,580 

76,539 

48,750 

43, 169 

2,932 

16,222 

1,845,000 

1,809,582 

4,090 

268 

2,320,623 

15,103 

247,070 

117, 578 

268,029 

120,837 


Crude. 


2,330 

42,979 

136,641 

2,159,647 

628 

31,037 

46,319 

19,861 

90 

13,248 

346,069 

1,809,582 


2,320,623 
15,103 
247,070 
106,248 
268,029 
30, 898 


Dressed  or 
refined. 


903 
6,005 
7,700 


952 
45,502 
2,431 
23,308 
2,842 
2,974 
1,498,931 


4,090 
268 


11,330 
89,' 939 


See  explanation  in  the  text. 


*  Assay  content  of  ore. 


>  .\ssay  content  of  mill  bullion  and  ore  shipped. 


*  Concentrate. 


'  Metallic  copper. 


PRODUCING  MINES,  QUARRIES,  AND  WELLS  '—COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES: 

1909  AND  1902. 


T'able  25 


QEOoaArmc  nnrisioN  and  state. 


Xrmted  states  * . 

Oeoorapbic  divisions: 
New  England 


Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . 
West  North  Central. 
South  Atlantic 


East  South  Central.. 
West  South  Central . 


Mountain . 


Pacific . 


Census. 


itot 


1900 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 


4|6a6,610,06S 
401,825,647 


PRINCIPAL  EXPENSES  OP  OPEBATION  AND 
DEVELOPMENT. 


Salaries  and 
wages. 


11,093,136 
10,484,388 

212,534,186 
127,847,369 
129,342,721 
89,261,566 

55,134,454 
33,998,514 

53,154,421 
31,916,461 
31,848,088 
22,559,863 

9,221,489 
4,976,130 

82,758,040 
57,029,455 

28,627,961 
18,128,437 


Supplies,  ma- 
terials, and 
fuel.s 


1208,771,046 
114,616,832 


3,903,951 
2,638,713 

54,917,283 
31,582,205 

34,944,431 
25,966,245 

21,116,725 
9,936,373 
18,226,801 
11,496,991 

6,843,506 
3,941,987 

4,368,820 
1,216,670 

36,741,950 
20,390,291 

21,956,212 
6,557,854 


Royalties 
and  rent 
of  mines. 


Contract 
work. 


162, 458, 760 
34,476,227 


124, 061, 886 
20,638,127 


190,947 
178,812 

15,928,491 
11,190,610 

12,338,469 
9,024,556 

14,720,084 
5,691,636 

8,638,145 
4,544,772 

1,374,027 
765,974 

1,608,985 
358,555 

1,880,957 
1,593,738 

2,973,092 
803,039 


120,440 
1,853 

6,048,025 
5,959,507 

5,882,397 
4,959,358 

2,709,833 
770,773 

4,665,497 
5,374,382 

976,671 
661,402 

303,062 

1,491,266 

728,712 

770,931 

523,657 
570,016 


Value  of 
products. » 


11,178,475,001 
771,486,926 


19,312,271 
16,608,696 

353,775,070 
240,365,682 

233,002,528 
172,894,450 

129,023,910 
72,257,703 

102,375,877 
69,202,161 

46,394,609 

34,820,772 

22,400,222 

9,857,364 

170,306,955 
112,270,912 

71,076,741 
36,092,355 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


4,566,170 
2,663,964 


60,120 
43,670 

1,748,375 
1,191,487 

919,427 
609,641 

371,548 
120,421 

532,824 
292,981 

180,503 
58,122 

55,199 
21,873 

399,398 
220,774 

184, 172 
85,203 


PES  CENT  OP  INCREASE. 


Salaries 

and 
wages. 

Royal- 
ties and 
rent  of 
mines. 

Value 
of  prod- 
ucts. 

Horse- 
power. 

66.8 

81.2 

S2.4 

7L0 

5.8 

6.8 

16.3 

37.7 

66.2 

42.3 

47.2 

46.7 

44.9 

36.7 

34.8 

50.8 

62.2 

158.6 

78.6 

208.5 

66.5 

90.1 

47.9 

8L9 

4L2 

79.5 

33.2 

210.6 

85.3 

348.7 

127.2 

152.4 

45.1 

18.0 

51.7 

80.9 

57.9 

270.2 

96.9 

116.2 

>  Exclusive  of  governmental  institutions,  and  of  the  coke  and  cement  industries,  but  including  figures  for  the  lime  industry. 

*  Exclusive  of  duplications  resulting  from  the  use  of  products  of  some  enterprises  as  materials  for  others  within  the  same  industry. 

3  Embraces  Oklahoma,  Rhode  Island,  and  South  Carolina  for  both  years  and  the  District  of  Columbia  for  1909.    These  states  are  not  shown  sepaiately  nor  are  they 
Included  in  the  totals  for  their  respective  geographic  divisions,  because  to  do  so  wpuld  disclose  individual  operations. 

*  Exclusive  of  the  amount  paid  to  miners  compensated  by  a  share  of  the  product  for  both  years,  and  also  of  the  w 
natural  gas  industries  for  1909,  which  are  included  under  "  Contract  work  "  in  other  tables  for  1909. 


1  wages  of  part-time  employees  for  the  petroleum  and 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


558 

PRODUCING  MINES  QUARRIES,  AND  WELLS '-COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES 
rrwui^uvii^vj  .uxi^      ,  v«  ^^^^  ^^^^  1902— Continued. 


Table  25— Continued. 


OKOOBiLPBIC  DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


Nkv  England: 
Maine 


New  Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . . 
Connecticut 


Middle  Atlantic: 
New  Yorlc 


New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

East  North  Central: 
Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

^sconsin 


Census. 


West  North  Central: 
Minnesota 


Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota, 
South  Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


South  Atlantic: 
Delaware 


Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

East  South  Central: 
Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 


West  South  Ceiwral: 
Arkansas 


Louisiana . 
Texas 


Mountain: 
Idaho... 


Colorado 

All  other*... 
FAcmc: 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California... 


1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

.1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 


principal  expenses  of  operation  and 
development. 


Salaries  and 
wages. 


$1,696,617 

2,478,603 

979,840 

875,465 

4,899,736 

3,490,476 

2,516,534 

2,739,230 

1,000,409 

900,614 

5,693,286 
4,517,851 
3,155,929 
2,277,652 
203,684,971 
121,051,866 

30,226,878 
25,479,977 
16,092,359 
11,819,897 
49,838,660 
28,539,154 
29,344,947 
21,277,047 
3,839,877 
2,145,491 

13,592,568 

6,887,017 

11,461,923 

7,279,272 

15,667,995 

9,989,027 

426,910 

231,014 

3,446,944 

3,593,242 

186,582 

103,936 

10,351,532 

5,915,006 

287,742 

250,669 

3,816,561 

4,696,260 

5,501,589 

3,876,656 

38,177,028 

19,905,757 

1,005,826 

599,959 

1,495,562 

1,276,362 

2,870,113 

1,310,898 

8,800,326 
5,802,221 
8,054,131 
5,483,714 
14,993,631 
11,273,928 

3,325,154 
2,137,007 
1,199,658 
41,977 
4,696,677 
2, 797, 146 

4,444,259 
4,480,194 
19,959,195 
21,518,169 
58,354,586 
31,031,092 

6,342,392 
4,063,773 
854,979 
1,222,178 
21,430,590 
12,842,486 


Supplies,  ma- 
terials, and 
fuei.s 


$1,032,965 

476,964 
155,358 
134,128 
1,386,827 
1,076,143 
854,090 
727,665 
474,711 
223,813 

2,647,861 

1,627,489 

1,067,226 

892,030 

51,202,196 

29,062,686 

8,850,679 
9,836,370 
2,557,423 
3,389,898 
9,973,037 
3,315,552 
11,898,749 
8,637,172 
1,664,543 
787,253 

8,904,544 

2,839,332 

1,561,553 

961,414 

7,071,069 

2,856,858 

108, 187 

86,467 

1,496,495 

1,962,937 

57,493 

11, 173 

1,917,384 

1,218,192 

178,432 
45,361 
714,571 
807,796 

1,855,201 

837,287 

12,801,951 

8,513,767 
268,315 
118,494 
415,841 
556,229 

1,992,490 
618,057 

1,537,544 
1,110,291 
1,638,019 
835, 754 
3,667,943 
1,995,942 

585,357 
244,379 

1,586,427 
7,354 

2,197,036 
964,937 

2,225,762 
1,626,153 
7,273,927 
6,969,796 
27,242,261 
11,794,342 

1,196,670 

615,807 

296,489 

408,112 

20,463,053 

5,533,935 


Royalties 
and  rent 
of  mines. 


$22,279 

12,714 

4,271 

2,372 

85,632 

101,546 

58,589 

44,325 

20, 176 

17,855 

468,646 
357,637 
101,523 
110,163 
15,358,322 
10,722,810 

3,668,862 
4,190,544 

595,475 
1,807,948 
3,579,960 

474,475 
4,048,981 
2,311,479 

445,191 

240, 110 

10,732,309 

3,678,964 

349,470 

220,698 

1,955,492 

1,398,827 

10,647 

1,407 

4,776 

8,736 

1,551 

823 

1,665,839 

382, 181 

4,392 

16, 187 

136,.772 

141,570 

421,863 

318,763 

7,796,597 

3,874,780 

21,412 

19,971 

59,317 

42,008 

197,792 

131,493 

422,702 
156,562 
618,177 
414,367 
333, 148 
195,045 

194,179 
40,818 

496, 198 
23,207 

918,608 

294,530 

27,632 

28,103 

1,017,847 

1,064,653 

835,478 

500,982 

141,231 
56,558 
16,935 
60,499 
2,814,926 
685,982 


Contract 
work. 


$14,448 
""9,' 246 


64,988 


18,637 
1,853 
13, 121 


371.435 

350,663 

40,799 

10,770 

5,632,791 

5,598,074 

2,745,089 

2,692,557 

265,259 

2,159,980 

2,360,424 

26,016 

472,605 

77,047 

39,020 

3,758 

2,157,108 

339,244 

40,791 

48,106 

135,384 

172,514 

1,325 

2,795 

50 

406 

5,494 


369,681 
207,708 


5,800 


11,148 

8,499 

119,043 

35,964 

4,307,288 

5,194,279 

3,340 

9,000 

1,187 

122,619 

217,691 

4,021 

165,913 
219,627 
43,623 
174,496 
767,035 
267,279 

111,974 

860 

60,310 

105,858 

-  130, 778 

1,384,548 

22,665 
43,442 
123,828 
393,985 
582,219 
333,504 

23,849 
29,600 
3,240 
19,522 
496,568 
520,894 


Value  of 
products.' 


$3,270,766 
3,656,134 
1,308,597 
1,176,312 
8,471,725 
5,904,705 
4,332,218 
4,499,401 
1,928,965 
1,372,144 

•   13,849,494 

9,682,457 

8,548,858 

4,042,047 

331,376,718 

226,641,178 

59,931,837 
56,340,184 
22,324,647 
26,896,393 
77,214,343 
37,377,226 
64,956,299 
48,022,962 
8,575,402 
4,257,685 

58,975,781 

25,620,677 

13,979,453 

9,659,330 

30,378,747 

20,279,481 

564,812 

325,967 

6,415,788 

6,697,797 

322,517 

148,391 

18,386,812 

9,526,060 

516,213 

448,467 

6, 164, 122 

7, 162, 113 

8,999,920 

6,280,148 

73,452,935 

48,362,664 

1,402,765 

924,676 

2,924,741 

3,080,287 

8,915,181 

2,943,806 

12,100,005 
8,304,706 

11,803,400 
9,268,074 

22,491,204 

17,247,992 

4, 764, 784 
2,840,341 
6,539,850 
279,327 
11,095,588 
6, 737, 696 

8,749,650 
8,214,671 
39,397,859 
40,508,286 
122,159,446 
63,547,955 

10,826,503 
5,393,659 
1,237,292 
2,087,389 
59,012,946 
28,611,307 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


8,345 
6,939 
3,771 
2,617 
25,916 
14,979 
15,620 
11,170 
6,468 
7,965 

102,640 
63,953 
18,390 
13,008 
1,627,445 
1,114,626 

298,635 
204,341 

95,929 
120,511 
226, 124 

88,500 
271,891 
184,278 

26,848 

12,011 

152, 153 

28,492 

23,528 

14,673 

109,971 

46,384 

2,025 

839 

15,648 

12,265 

815 

296 

67,408 

17,472 

1,480 

1,396 

19,060 

12,400 

35,554 

15,539 

417,282 

240, 170 

6,225 

3,746 

10,848 

9,373 

42,375 

10,357 

t 
53,480 
18,682 
34,376 
12,007 
92,647 
27,433 

14,217 
7,396 
8,445 
4,440 
32,537 
10,037 

26,363 
18, 703 
98, 777 
83,039 
274,258 
119,032 

20,987 
11,910 
8,070 
3,761 
155,115 
69,532 


PER  CENT  OF  INCREASE.' 


Sal-ies^K- 

„„„„»     rent  of 
wages. 


-31.5 


11.9 
'46.' 4 


-8.1 

"ii.'i 


38.6 
"68.'3 


18.6 


36.1 
74.' 6 


37.9 
'79.0 


97.4 


57.5 
'56.'9 


£4.8 

'-4.'i 


79.5 

'75.' 6 


14.8     -72 


-18.7 


75.2 


80.1 


Value 
of  prod- 
ucts 


43.5 


32.2       -3.7 
13.0       '46.6 


-7.8 
"43.'2 


-67.1 
'654.'5 


75.2 
"85."4 


191.7 


58.3 
'39.'8 


656.7 
-45.'3 


88.4 
"335.'8' 


41.9 

'gi.'s 


67.6 
"i7.'2 

'iis.'g 


51.7 


46.9 
'33.0 


55.6 


2, 757. 
67.' 


-0.8 


66.1 


-30.0 

'ee.'g' 


32.3 


7.2 


111.5 
"■46."  2 


6.4 


-17.0 

'ioe.'e 


36.3 

"ioi.'i 


44.7 
'49.'8 


73.3 
-4.'2 


117.3 
"93.'6' 


15.1 


-13.9 


101.2        51.8 


41.2 
'56."4 


170.0 


49.2 

'to.'s' 


375.7 


2,038.1 


2,241.3 


211.9 


-1.7 


149.7 


-72.0 

'sio.'a' 


51.7 


202.8 


45.7 


27.4 
'36."4 


67.8 


64.7 


6.5 


-2.7 
'  '92.' 2 


100.7 


-40.7 
"i66.'3' 


figures  for  the  lime  industry, 
for  others  within  the  same  industry. 


*  Includes  a  small  production  of  bituminous  coal  for  Georgia. 

*  Embraces  Arizona,  Montana,  Nevada,  New  Mexico,  Utah,  and  Wyoming. 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 


PRODUCING  MINES,  QUARRIES,  AND  WELLS  '—COMPARATIVE  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

BY  INDUSTRIES:  1909  AND  1902. 


Table  26 


Census 


All  Indnstriea » 

Fuels: 

Coal,  total 

Anthracite 

Bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

Metals: 

Iron 

Copper 

Precious  metals,  total 

Deep  mines 

Placer  mines 

Lead  and  linc 

QuicksUyer 

Manganese 

Tungsten 

Strcctitbal  materials: 

Limestone 

Oraniteand  traprock 

Sandstone 

Marble 

Slate 

Miscellaneous: 

Asbestos 

Aspbaltum  and  bituminous  rock 

Barytes 

Bauxite 

Buhrstones  and  millstones 

Clay 

Conmdum  and  emery 

Feldspar 

Fluorspar 

Fuller's  earth 

Qamet 

Graphite 

Grindstones  and  pulpstones 

Gypsum 

Infusorial  earth,  tripoli,  and  pumice 

Marl 

Mica 

Mineral  pigments 

Oilstones,  scythestones,  and  whetstoues. 

Phosphate  rock 

Precious  stones 

Quartz 

Sulphur  and  pyrite 

Talc  and  soapstone 


1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1002 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
,1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 

1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 
1909 
1902 


PEINCIPAL  EXPENSES  OF  OPERATION  AND 
DEVELOPMENT. 


Salaries 

and 
wages. 


$625,610,068 
401,225,647 


399,697 

237,557 
96,900, 
41.623 

302,796; 

195,934 
34,333 
20,962; 

33,121 

23,641 

45,060; 

22,919 

37,766; 

41,154, 

34,666: 

39,011 

3,100 

2,143 

11,190 

5,156, 

486, 

1,035, 

17 

84 

211 

1 

22,860, 
16,496 
15,067 
12,168; 
5,362, 
7,011 
3,462 
2,563 
4,494 
3,512 

41 

10 

173 

127; 

no; 

146 
230 

92, 

16 

44 

1,586 

1,109, 

4 

38 

135 

127, 

193 

137 

156 

43 

44 

68 

186 

95 

174 

112 

2,372 

1,059 

67 

17 

13 

6 

139 

57! 

60 

159 

74 

43 

3,806 

2,285 

134 

116 

94 

81 

898 

448! 

607; 

342 


Supplies, 
materials, 
and  fuel.' 


$208,771,046 
114,515,832 


72,043,898 
37,517,821 
26,697,966 
12, 740, 780 
45,345,932 
24,777,041 
41,391,608 
24.320,673 

17,229,717 

8,973,168 

23,104,451 

11,083,175 

22,075,916 

16,699,768 

19,205,870 

15,908,782 

2,870,046 

790,986 

6,896,892 

2,611,657 

185,378 

322,267 

3,969 

17,228 

94,203 

210 

11,992,669 

6,378,932 

3,976,162 

2,447,761 

1,389,149 

1,328,466 

806,016 

825,822 

849,158 

680,361 

23,620 

8,233 

79,757 

21,928 

28,224 

7,772 

55,289 

40,019 

508 

1,809 

389,342 

272.823 

260 

26,114 

56,744 

50,278 

59,109 

31,374 

83,807 

28,966 

26,286 

10,128 

105,523 

51,840 

114,032 

31,349 

1,560,117 

341,760 

23,619 

2,297 

2,988 

2,755 

22,769 

11,961 

22,485 

58,073 

11,658 

7,662 

2,259,025 

799,414 

31,461 

17, 781 

29,526 

19,592 

1,180,447 

217,262 

262,393 

125,932 


Royalties 

and  rent  of 

mines. 


$62,456,760 
34,476,227 


20,016,639 
11,799,559 
7,980,739 
4,359,051 
12,035,900 
7,440,508 
21,282,820 
11,463,786 

15,174,736 

6,503,908 

269,245 

130,215 

1,306,701 

1,423,399 

1,163,985 

1,277,632 

141,716 

145,767 

2,301,860 

1,625,368 

6,268 

7,078 


1,996 
1,375 


549,096 
422,693 
476,850 
194.892 
154,513 
204,517 
47,911 
65,385 
271,252 
269,267 

45 


1,517 

2,856 

14,232 

27,300 

6,909 

2,090 

271 

636 

85,403 

59,387 

708 

1,091 

9,238 

10,584 

1,917 

7,900 

582 


6,850 

1,341 

5,765 

520 

3,348 

2,003 

74,916 

49, 912 

3,587 

1,050 


6,684 

3,142 

3,469 

13,326 

1,061 

475 

345,568 

212,350 


437 

2,959 

7,638 

887 

7,048 

31,287 

31,364 


Contract 
work.' 


124,091,986 
20, 638, 127 


3,893,257 
1,650,535 
1,701,514 
406,421 
2,191,743 
1,244,114 
15,700,864 
17,389,696 

2,698,842 

422,044 

406,999 

188,768 

318,303 

626,090 

226,147 

606,137 

93, 156 

19,953 

166,985 

108,607 

4,197 

23,164 


2,400 


254,312 
36,381 
123,808 


44,340 

600 

27,344 


28,962 


400 


15,646 
10,060 
3,576 
1,000 


600 


44,318 
13,241 


8,681 


949 

300 

67 

4,021 


4,000 

900 

25,597 


16,558 

406 

2,430 


15,288 
'"6,'622' 


251,849 
157,402 


16,351 


3,091 
3,587 
3,550 


Value  of 
products.' 


$1,175,475,001 
771,486,926 


65,140 

46,200 

466,461 

236, 728 

224,766 

203,164 

670,829 

128,206 

34,441 

59,808 

2,945,948 

2,061,072 

18,185 

104,605 

271,437 

250,424 

288,509 

275,682 

315, 762 

98,144 

101,920 

132,820 

344, 130 

227,508 

413,296 

667,431 

6,812,810 

2,089.341 

172, 157 

55,994 

13,307 

12, 741 

206,794 

118,849 

151,015 

360,885 

206,028 

113,968 

10,781,192 

4,922,943 

315,464 

328,450 

251,025 

187, 294 

5,109,050 

947,089 

1,174,516 

1,138,167 


Primary 
horsepower. 


4,556,170 
2, 663, 964 


550,513,866 

1,904,154 

366,642,015 

909,160 

149, 180, 471 

676,753 

76,173,586 

416,012 

401,333,395 

1,227,401 

290,468,429 

493,148 

175,627,807 

1,221,969 

102,034,690 

1,008,710 

106,947,082 

346,534 

65,460,985 

103,974 

99,493,799 

297,769 

51,178,036 

193,272 

87,671,553 

228,244 

82,482,052 

181,819 

77,434,301 

200,966 

77,154,326 

173,961 

10,237,252 

27,278 

5,327,726 

10,868 

28,668,547 

109,544 

14,600,177 

39,374 

868,458 

784 

1,550,090 

1,748 

20,436 

175 

177,911 

364 

563,457 

486 

5,976 

220 

47,784,479 

152,651 

30,278,877 

63,182 

24,576,293 

90,306 

18,042,943 

46,441 

9,290,829 

36,656 

10,954,634 

27,576 

6,239,120 

21,779 

5,044,182 

14,161 

6,054,174 

29,777 

6,696,051 

26,269. 

380 
105 
828 
720 
262 
110 
1,565 
624 


3,985 


110 

993 

1,204 

1,179 

669 

1,739 

460 

316 

420 

2,647 

769 

1,648 

1,235 

17,685 

7,319 

581 

410 

105 

50 

463 

185 

849 

1,790 

448 

193 

50,526 

14, 144 

109 

150 

1,219 

760 

8,872 

5,935 

9,433 

3,945 


PER  CENT  OP  INCREASE.^ 


Salaries 
and 


55.9 


68.3 


132.8 
"54.'5 
"63."8 


96.6 
'-8."2 


-11.1 
"44.'7 


117.1 
-63.1 


-79.7 
i6,'684.6 


38.6 


23.8 
-23.7 


36.6 
'28.0 


279.9 
"'35.'4 


-24.0 
'i48.'i 


-6L9 
"43.'6 


-87.8 

"'"6."i' 


40.6 
"258.'6 


-35.1 

"m.'s 


54.7 
"i23.'9 


279.2 
"96."  7 


142.1 

-ei.'g 


74.0 

'ee.'e' 


15.5 
"l6.4 


100.2 
"77.'i' 


Royal 
ties  and 
rent  of 
mines. 


81.2 


83.1 


61.8 
'85.' 7 


133.3 


99.1 
'-8.'3 


-8.9 
'-2.' 8 


60.9 
-25.'6 


29.9 


144.7 
-24.' 4 


-26.7 
"'6.'7 


-46.9 


-47.9 

'me 


-57.4 
'43.' 8 


-35.1 
-i2.'7 
-75.' 7' 


410.8 


1,008.7 


67.1 


50.1 
'24i.'6 


80.9 
-74.'6 


123.4 

"ei"? 


-61.3 
-87.'4' 

■-6.' 2 


Value 

of  prod 

nets. 


62.4 


60.2 


95.8 
'38.' 2 
'72.'6 


63.4 


94.4 

"e.'s 


0.4 
"92.' 2 


95.7 

-44.'6 


-88.5 
9,'336.'2 


57.8 


36.2 
-i5.'2 


23.7 

"e.'s 


97.0 

'io.'e 


423.2 
-42.'4 


42.9 
-82.' 6 


8.4 
'4.' 7 


221.7 
-23.'3 


61.3 

-38.' i 


178.2 
'267.'5 


4.4 

'74.'6 


-58.2 
"so.' 8 


119.0 

-i'o' 


23.3 
'439.'4' 
"'3.'2' 


>  Exclusive  of  governmental  institutions  and  of  the  coke  and  cement  industries,  but  including  figures  for  the  lime  industry. 

»  Exclusive  of  duplications  resulting  from  the  use  of  the  products  of  some  enterprises  as  materials  for  others  within  the  same  industry. 

'  Exclusive  of  the  amount  paid  to  miners  compensated  by  a  share  of  the  product  for  both  years,  and  also  of  the  wages  of  part-time  employees  for  the  petroleum  and 
natural  gas  industry  for  1909,  which  are  included  uaider  "Contract  work"  in  other  tables  for  1909. 

*  A  minus  sign  (— )  denotes  decrease. 

»  The  totals  for  all  industries  include,  besides  those  specified,  a  few  Industries  which  could  not  be  separately  shown  without  disclosing  the  operations  of  Individual 
operators.    The  value  of  products  of  those  Industries  was  less  than  0.1  per  cent  of  the  total  for  all  industries  In  1909  and  0.3  per  cent  In  1902. 


660  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 

PRODUCING  MINES,  QUARRIES,   AND  WELLS— CAPITAL,  EXPENSES,  VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS,  PERSONS  ENGAGED 


Table  37 


DIVISION  AND  STATE. 


XTnited  States 1 19, 916 


Geogeaphic  divisioxs: 

New  England 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central . . 
West  North  Central. 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central . . 
West  South  Central. 

Mountain 

Pacific 


New  England: 

Maine 

New  Hampshire . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Middle  Atlantic: 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylviiia.. 


East  Noeth  Centbal: 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 


West  North  Central: 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North  Dakota , 

South  Dakota 

Nebraska , 

Kansas 


South  Atlantic: 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. . 
North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina. 

Geoipa 

Florida 


East  South  Central: 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 


West  South  Central: 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Oklahoma 

Texas. . . . ; 


Mountain: 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 


Pacific: 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California... 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Num- 
ber of 
mines 
and 
quar- 
ries. 


510 
6,333 
4,152 
2,300 
1,358 

830 
1,229 
1,972 
1,538 


1,351 
131 

4,851 


1,876 

1,010 

915 

83 


153 

373 

1,021 

53 

39 

18 

643 


9 
126 
150 
798 
118 
29 
92 
36 


437 
216 
177 


236 


373 
174 

66 
672 

98 
135 


93 

116 

1,329 


18,164 


686 
3,903 
2,662 
2,603 
1,652 
1,109 

452 
3,728 
1,610 


Number 
of  wells. 


Capital. 


166,320 


752 

151 

3,000 


964 
480 
759 
173 
286 


250 
431 
1,224 
53 
43 
20 
582 


173 
244 
718 
130 

32 
109 

96 


442 
365 
302 


146 

2 

212 

92 


543 
370 
95 
1,575 
285 
251 
235 
374 


170 

161 

1,279 


71,122 
56,379 

3,450 
15,146 

1,110 

14,700 

97 

4,316 


11,342 


59,780 


35,067 

10,373 

10,918 

21 


3,402 


15,146 


1,109 
1 


62 

246 

12, 113 

2,279 


4,316 


>  93,380, 525, 841 


27,950,080 
919,992,103 
469,041,901 
321,757,330 
341,053,471 
145,688,421 
110,680,029 
709,074,649 
275,819,077 


3,825,931 
1,546,503 
13,992,096 
5,054,093 
567,015 
2,964,442 


45,171,232 

8,613,663 

866,207,208 


161,324,529 
59,764,947 
116,959,707 
119,331,987 
11,660,731 


176,950,369 

8,481,483 

60,549,081 

1,058,649 

32,697,991 

222,428 

41,797,329 


959,078 
25,169,678 
55,992,693 
219,466,909 
5,985,112 
1,209,390 
11,475,710 
20,794,901 


26,786,640 
33,819,977 
85,081,804 


7,200,417 
13,207,232 
70,696,411 
19,575,969 


145,135,510 
48,892,888 
9,505,365 

144,639,558 
40,125,674 

119,772,781 
81,000,043 

120,002,830 


13,074,691 

9,166,834 

253,677,552 


EXPENSES  or  OPERATION  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Total. 


$1, 042, 642, 693 


14,696,118 
315,473,663 
200,211,992 
101,600,234 
96,151,345 
46,133,257 
40, 200, 158 
166,586,458 
61,589,468 


1,876,341 
1,204,966 
6,795,268 
2,987,175 
673,877 
1,158,491 


9,987,768 

4,507,940 

300,977,955 


53,852,530 
20,312,752 
68,718,121 
51,819,838 
5,508,751 


38,574,180 
13,694,714 
27,515,101 

570, 140 
5,154,263 

260,049 
15,831,787 


508,937 
5,006,157 
8,863,954 
71,347,631 
1,416,075 
1,034,823 
2,064,236 
5,909,532 


11,721,722 
11,969,257 

22,442,278 


4,309,211 

6,641,555 

21,071,609 

8,177,783 


46,520,545 
7,198,763 
9,053,467 
38,630,288 
5,553,423 
28,608,216 
16,606,028 
14,415,728 


7,800,722 

1,223,468 

52,565,278 


Services. 


Salaried 
officers  of 
corpora- 
tions, super- 
intendents, 
and  man- 
agers. 


> $32, 823, 748 


603,790 
8,066,471 
5,986,494 
2,570,135 
3,463,174 
2,217,967 
1,647,442 
4,863,504 
2,481,872 


87,779 
45,619 
227,650 
153,683 
29,948 
59,  111 


495,776 

183,690 

7,387,005 


1,749,762 

736,347 

2,058,102 

1,255,559 

186,724 


694,277 
320,951 
993,190 

34,372 
113, 109 

12,900 
401,336 


61,900 
196,609 
357,255 
2,197,617 
81,646 
55,065 
146,888 
366, 194 


667,739 
609,021 
941,207 


162,502 
148,386 
972,829 
363,725 


718,596 
269,251 
255,635 
1,441,869 
234, 187 
577,885 
755,233 
610,848 


213, 198 

91,387 

2,177,287 


Clerks  and 

other 

salaried 

employees. 


3  $20, 569, 803 


293,492 
5,961,915 
3,434,660 
1,789,303 
2,267,740 
1,413,822 

802,375 
3,004,691 

956,406 


31,847 
7,869 
142,587 
59,675 
27,941 
23,573 


212,089 

79,491 

5,670,335 


1,025,222 
365, 174 

1,054,553 
917,963 

71,748 


874,463 
220,024 
281,730 
28,217 
94,028 
3,745 
287,096 


8,115 
131,838 
255,366 
1,631,267 
41,396 
27, 175 
43,018 
129,565 


297,409 
379,267 
737, 146 


75,965 
178,645 
369,728 
178,037 


694,477 
88,627 
191,772 
671,071 
210,947 
440,295 
442,294 
265,208 


131,468 
33,446 
791,492 


Wage 
earners. 


9586,774,079 


9,814,166 
204,992,523 
118,672,711 
50,566,348 
49,886,136 
29,443,806 
15,671,675 
82,081,073 
25,645,641 


1,332,242 

926,352 

4,449,315 

1,966,997 

409,883 

729,377 


4,717,595 

2,801,066 

197,473,862 


26,769,229 
14,782,488 
46,378,727 
27,660,908 
3,081,359 


11,907,049 
10,870,446 
14,393,570 
364,321 
3,224,675 
169,937 
9,636,350 


217,727 

3,339,682 

5,229,787 

35,980,738 

862,762 

626,429 

1,278,159 

2,350,854 


7,827,514 
7,358,683 
14,257,709 


3,026,140 

872,627 

7,775,413 

3,997,495 


21,361,406 
4,045,547 
6,266,787 

18,463,296 
3,529,356 

13,502,760 
8,986,851 
5,925,070 


5,891,007 

705,192 

19,049,442 


Supplies,  materials,  and  fuel. 


Supplies  and 
materials. 


$173,411,438 


1,847,736 
47,736,970 
28,179,361 
15,605,588 
14,722,485 
5,386,232 
7,922,941 
32, 190, 652 
19,819,473 


219,579 
100,931 
905, 157 
363,698 
130,947 
127,424 


1,886,937 

674,962 

45,175,071 


7,360,280 
1,823,904 
8,472,837 
9,800,415 
721,925 


6,736,806 
1,307,919 
4,730,342 

95,352 
1,054,532 

35,474 
1,645,163 


152,054 
478,555 
1,173,866 
11,647,711 
152,714 
124,618 
254,021 
738,946 


1,322,406 
1,571,612 
2,492,214 


368,207 

859,456 

4,897,176 

1,798,102 


9,837,503 
1,847,458 
1,385,594 
5,459,666 
805,487 
5,559,367 
3,920,414 
3,375,163 


843,025 

186,796 

18,789,652 


Purchased 

ore  and 
natural  gas 
(duplica- 
tion in 
product). 


$29,318,316 


3,164,839 

5,656,650 

1,919,554 

893,664 

170, 135 

173,100 

14,577,714 

2,762,660 


Fuel  and 
rent  of 
power. 


$45,136,550 


65,656 
'3,099,183 


5,376,075 
22,595 
101,980 


156,000 


1,471,553 

'     '55,'i39 

392,862 


893,664 


41,959 
128,176 


7,200 
130,587 
35,313 


6,559,820 


4,930,144 


1,370,391 

106,910 

1,610,449 


2,762,660 


753,714 
7,327,680 
7,399,712 
5,190,869 
3,418,805 
1,912,689 
1,505,758 
14,509,236 
3,118,087 


84,683 
54,427 
362,438 
153,258 
26,991 
71,917 


585,161 

319,329 

6,423,190 


892,671 

551,821 

1,325,880 

4,193,347 

435,993 


2,024,606 
221,740 
2,220,657 
12,835 
421,048 
22,019 
267,964 


26,378 
104,156 
484,527 

1,212,825 
103,319 
117,899 
146,666 

1,223,035 


218,489 

645,376 

1,048,824 


138,987 
726,971 
384,186 
255,614 


3,628,050 

356, 199 

376, 187 

1,955,984 

203,083 

5,603,989 

1,074,119 

1,311,625 


245,852 

96,592 

2,775,643 


divfeiS"^^^^  of  duplications,  307  operators  having  reported  in  two  or  more  states.    Such  duplications  have  not  been  excluded  in  the  totals  for  the  several  geographic 

« Includes  $59,468  780  which  could  not  be  distributed  among  the  several  states 

such  c^5'rwSSsffio''^lm^\^o°o'iS«Tffl^^^^^^^^  °/  T'^  ''f  ^''  ^"  ^"^"^  enternrises  being  managed  through  one  central  administrative  office.    In 

which  were  r^TwrtS^  1  in,;^^^  l^®  ^'^^i^^l  °S^®  ^"'"'^  ^  ^"^  particular  state;  this  was  also  the  case  in  respect  to  contract  work  and  taxes, 

rxp^Ss^rSdlbr^ach  stTe  an^  tLest?^^^^^  expenses  were  accordtagly  apportioned  among  the  sev^al  states  prorata  to  the  tota 

Iwwever,  the  numtor  of  oificers  aSd  salaffod^mnW^.T/^oif  «°^fS'^?""'^H^"''®^^*^^°'®^  ^^'"^  ""^^^  ^"^  "  ^""'^''y  expenses."    In  the  totals  for  the  United  States, 
amounts  tSis  Included  in  the  Item  of^"  salarles,and  the  amount  of  contract  work  and  taxes,  appear  under  the  proper  heads.    The 

clerl^m5,399rS,$K«- ^™  TOnt^t  w^^^  individual  states  and  distributed  la  the  totals  for  the  United  ^tatSlre  as  foUows:  (Jffloers.  $922,899; 


INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES.  561 

IN  MINING  INDUSTRIES,  LAND  CONTROLLED,  AND  POWER,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  STATES:  1909. 


EXPENSES  OF  OPEEATION  AND  DEVELOPMENT— COntd. 

Value  of 
products. 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MININQ  INDUSTRIES. 

Land 

controlled 

(acres). 

Miscellaneous. 

Aggregate. 

Proprietors  and  officials. 

Clerks 

and 

other 

salaried 

em- 
ployees. 

Wage 
earners 
Bee.  15, 
or  nearest 
representa- 
tive day. 

Royalties 

and  rent  of 

mines. 

Taxes. 

Contract 
work. 

Rent  of 
offices 

and  other 
sundry 

expenses. 

Total. 

Proprie- 
tors and 

firm 
members 

Salaried 
officers  of 
corpora- 
tions, 
superin- 
tendents, 
and 

Primary 
horse- 
power. 

managers. 

1 

163,973,585 

•$17,798,763 

•128,887,898 

•  $43,950,513 

$1,238,410,322 

<  1,139, 332 

49,374 

29,922 

*19,ibZ 

<  24, 675 

1,065,283 

24,215,611 

4,608,253 

2 

186,637 

154,826 

110,705 

932,052 

17,327,242 

19,590 

938 

515 

423 

398 

18,254 

67,575 

61,259 

3 

15,945,607 

5,920,809 

6,533,563 

9,823,280 

370,742,262 

427,091 

16,325 

11,520 

4,805 

7,829 

402,937 

5,874,701 

1,738,613 

4 

12,335,880 

3,332,106 

6,154,644 

9,059,774 

237,534,170 

229,255 

11,301 

7,451 

3,850 

4,294 

213,660 

4,139,440 

913,857 

5 

14,718,304 

3,280,108 

2,762,943 

3,rt97,022 

130,252,538 

95,637 

5,230 

3,547 

1,683 

1,949 

88,458 

1,425,461 

370,390 

6 

8,639,760 

1,307,777 

4,862,717 

6,689,087 

105,714,462 

124,512 

3,509 

1,350 

2,159 

2,997 

118,006 

6,503,321 

536,648 

7 

1,373,504 

376,047 

1,006,660 

2,832,395 

49,143,289 

75,004 

2,184 

501 

1,683 

1,964 

70,856 

2,368,739 

179,650 

8 

4,391,962 

456, 134 

2,469,045 

6,159,726 

47,530,937 

31,387 

2,156 

1,056 

1,100 

979 

28,252 

1,844,933 

149,602 

0 

3,410,506 

2,143,200 

4,308,511 

5,497,371 

205,053,900 

99,711 

4,158 

2,023 

2,135 

2,481 

93,072 

1,022,459 

467,184 

10 

2,972,425 

683,456 

617,309 

2,532,139 

75,111,522 

36,171 

3,263 

1,959 

1,304 

1,120 

31,788 

968,982 

191,050 

11 

16,302 

16,241 

6,728 

80,940 

2,056,063 

2,686 

168 

98 

70 

47 

2,471 

11,655 

8,141 

12 

4,271 

6,251 

9,246 

51,000 

1,308,597 

1,610 

75 

42 

33 

15 

1,520 

7,979 

3,771 

13 

84,332 

72,147 

64,698 

486,944 

8,221,323 

8,901 

311 

160 

151 

202 

8,388 

35,327 

25,668 

14 

55,409 

40,187 

16,272 

177,996 

3,467,888 

3,805 

222 

121 

101 

75 

3,508 

8,077 

15,031 

15 

8,552 
16,771 

3,343 

36,272 
98,900 

897,606 
1,375,765 

737 

37 

18 

19 

23 

677 

659 

2  :i50 

16 

17,657 

i3,'76i' 

1,851 

125 

76 

49 

36 

1,690 

3,878 

6,298 

17 

465,454 

173,989 

513,042 

872,069 

13,334,975 

14,230 

2,641 

2,294 

347 

286 

11,303 

495,579 

101,758 

18 

101,026 

47,354 

44,489 

256,533 

8,347,601 

7,176 

227 

96 

131 

148 

6,801 

26,809 

18,048 

19 

15,379,127 

6,699,466 

5,976,032 

8,694,684 

349,050,786 

405,685 

13,457 

9,130 

4,327 

7,395 

384,833 

5,352,313 

1,618,806 

20 

3,667,382 

856,766 

2,970,544 

3,184,599 

63,767,112 

62,874 

4,333 

3,064 

1,269 

1,356 

.   57,185 

2,135,777 

294,763 

21 

595,274 

176,369 

295,982 

962,798 

21,934,201 

31,292 

3,260 

2,628 

631 

474 

27,559 

522,176 

95,039 

22 

3,579,472 

287,460 

2,370,956 

3,082,154 

76,658,974 

86,389 

2,643 

1,425 

1,218 

1,310 

82,436 

990,389 

225, 33C 

23 

4,048,606 

1,948,756 

470,205 

1,. 524, 079 

67,714,479 

42,133 

680 

118 

562 

1,056 

40,397 

452,602 

273,861 

24 

445,146 

62,755 

40,957 

300,144 

7,459,404 

6,507 

386 

216 

170 

98 

6,083 

38,496 

24,864 

25 

10,731,959 

2,824,161 

2,157,108 

623,751 

58,664,852 

19,596 

547 

169 

378 

935 

18,114 

337,792 

151,834 

26 

349,440 

43,574 

40,836 

319,784 

13,877,781 

19,904 

668 

423 

245 

226 

19,010 

81,458 

23,453 

27 

1,954,092 

158,086 

162,084 

1,149,797 

31,667,525 

32,462 

2,450 

1,783 

667 

336 

29,676 

339,677 

109,072 

28 

10,647 

4,300 

1,325 

18,771 

564,812 

960 

79 

51 

28 

21 

860 

34,695 

2,025 

29 

4,776 

102,063 

50 

84,843 

6,432,417 

3,987 

75 

31 

44 

46 

3,866 

31,933 

15,018 

30 

1,551 

414 

5,593 

8,416 

322,517 

527 

28 

16 

12 

8 

491 

1,038 

815 

31 

1,665,839 

147,570 

395,947 

991,660 

18,722,634 

18,201 

1,383 

1,074 

309 

377 

16,441 

598,808 

66,943 

32 

4,392 

1,624 

5,800 

30,947 

516,213 

671 

30 

9 

21 

13 

628 

642 

1,480 

33 

133,786 

88,559 

8,303 

524,669 

6,782,045 

8,201 

279 

101 

178 

177 

7,745 

109,419 

18,118 

34 

418,353 

150,074 

119,028 

675,698 

8,795,646 

17,596 

329 

86 

243 

374 

16,893 

294,416 

34,030 

35 

7,796,172 

965,443 

4,465,926 

4,556,270 

76,287,889 

82,808 

2,236 

909 

1,327 

2,168 

78,404 

6,569,353 

416,282 

36 

20,212 

7,565 

37,386 

109,075 

1,358,617 

3,094 

231 

165 

66 

38 

2,825 

75,296 

6,062 

37 

10,336 

10,783 

6,680 

.■a,  838 

1,252,792 

2,079 

45 

13 

32 

20 

2,014 

47,899 

7,012 

38 

58,717 

13,236 

1,903 

121,623 

2,874,595 

4,267 

186 

58 

128 

67 

4,014 

136, 129 

10,698 

39 

197,792 

70,493 

217,691 

614,962 

8,846,665 

5,796 

173 

9 

164 

140 

5,483 

270, 167 

42,366 

40 

422,579 

96,122 

184,903 

684,561 

12,100,076 

23,393 

870 

338 

532 

490 

22,033 

710,636 

53.203 

41 

617,097 

94,575 

54,372 

597,396 

12,692,547 

18,968 

482 

87 

395 

458 

18,028 

807, 131 

34,523 

42 

333,828 

185,350 

767,385 

1,550,439 

24,350,667 

32,643 

832 

76 

756 

1,016 

30,795 

850,972 

91,924 

43 

193,990 

18,084 

117, 195 

208,141 

4,603,845 

6,739 

215 

75 

140 

102 

6,422 

110,526 

14,080 

44 

496, 198 

67,501 

62,440 

3,222,131 

6,547,050 

1,163 

131 

72 

59 

79 

953 

102,251 

8,445 

45 

2,783,975 

308,216 

2,137,314 

1,312,185 

25,637,892 

15,842 

1,349 

648 

701 

573 

13,920 

1,211,893 

95,074 

46 

917,799 

62,333 

152,096 

417,269 

10,742,150 

7,643 

461 

261 

200 

225 

6,957 

420,263 

32,003 

47 

1,822,875 

453,386 

394,499 

1,0«,933 

54,991,961 

21,791  i 

769 

504 

265 

519 

20,  .503 

119,642 

174,389 

48 

27,632 

158,145 

23,036 

382,868 

8,649,342 

3,940 

284 

169 

115 

64 

3,592 

48,920 

26,278 

49 

107,834 

61,409 

61,542 

.346,707 

10,572,188 

8,983 

306 

202 

104 

178 

8,499 

85,550 

30,338 

50 

1,017,447 

542,972 

2,996,083 

1,151,756 

45,680,135 

26,783 

1,411 

647 

764 

603 

24,769 

213,875 

98,777 

51 

78,995 

40,410 

132,535 

318,423 

5,687,744 

6,112 

210 

86 

124 

220 

3,682 

397, 174 

18,042 

52 

8,256 

431,829 

238,982 

874,462 

34,217,651 

14,104 

301 

100 

201 

352 

13,451 

44,217 

47,272 

53 

71,911 

211,920 

265,066 

771,310 

22,083,282 

11,735 

390 

102 

288 

341 

11,004 

74,650 

47,226 

54 

275,556 

243,129 

196,7^ 

601,912 

23,271,597 

6,263 

487 

213 

274 

204 

5,672 

38,431 

26,862 

55 

141,231 

93,593 

14,462 

226,886 

10,537,5.56 

7,653 

162 

43 

114 

148 

7,343 

107,989 

20,742 

56 

16,935 

12.917 

7,717 

72,486 

1,191,512 

1,299 

174 

112 

62 

38 

1,087 

33,708 

8,070 

57 

2,814,259 

576,946 

595,130 

2,232,767 

63,382,454 

27,219 

2,927 

1,799 

1,128 

934 

23,3.58 

827,285 

162,238 

*  The  following  numbers  of  persons,  which  could  not  be  distributed  by  states,  are  Included  under  the  proper  headings  in  the  United  States  totals:  Aggregate,  974; 
salaried  officers  of  corporations,  superintendents,  and  managers,  310;  and  clerks,  664. 


72497°— 13- 


-36  + 


662  ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 

PRODUCING  MINES,  QUARRIES,  AND  WELLS-LAND    CONTROLLED,  CAPITAL,  EXPENSES,  VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS, 


Table  38 


AU  industries  (V.  S.) 

Fuels: 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  ga 
Peat 


Metals: 

Iron 

Copper 

Precious  metals- 
Deep  mines  . . 
Placer  mines ., 

Lead  and  zinc 

Quicksilver 

Manganese 

Tungsten 


STEUCTURAt  MATEEIAL8 . 

Limestone 

Granite 

Sandstone 

Marble 

Slate  

Traprock 

Bluestone 


Miscellaneous: 

Asbestos 

Asphaltum   and  bitumi- 
nous rock. 

Barytes 

Bauxite 

Bubrstones  and  millstones . 

Clay 

Corundum  and  emery 

Feldspar 

Fluorspar 

Fuller's  earth 

Garnet 

Graphite 

Grindstones 

Gypsum 

Infusorial  earth 

Magnesite 

Marl 

Mica 

Mineral  pigments 

Monazite  and  zircon 

Oilstones,     scythestones, 
and  whetstones. 

Phosphate  rock 

Precious  stones 

Pumice 

Pyrite 

Quartz 

Sulphur 

Talc  and  soapstone 

TripoU 


61     All  othee  industries  < . 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


19,915 


192 

3,503 

7,793 

10 


176 
161 

1,604 

678 

977 

12 

3 

22 

3,988 
1,665 
707 
695 
77 
185 
196 
563 


6 
12 

23 

10 

14 

261 

4 
22 
13 
16 

3 
19 
13 
78 
14 

6 

3 
73 
23 

4 
21 

61 
23 

3 
11 
14 

4 
39 

4 

10 


Num- 
ber of 
mines, 
quar- 
ries, 
and 
wells. 


423 

6,013 

166,320 

10 


483 
368 

2,845 

880 

1,142 

12 

8 

116 

4,603 
1,916 
826 
677 
108 
219 
220 
637 


20 
19 

42 

10 

14 

336 

6 
28 
15 
21 

4 
20 
25 
222 
16 
13 

3 
78 
26 

4 
45 

153 
27 

4 
12 
14 

4 
46 

7 

27 


Land 

controlled 

(acres). 


24,215,611 


465,134 
7,717,615 
12,694,838 
1,629 


1,313,214 
275,598 

374,685 
213,578 
125,322 
22,837 
3,457 
7,624 

341,695 
128,495 
51,398 
65,580 
43,445 
19,897 
18,085 
14,795 


3,045 
7,137 

14,079 

14,214 
506 

69,053 
1,553 
3,556 
3,434 
6,644 
5,396 
5,984 
2,604 

54,215 
2,305 
2,369 
2,250 

12,255 
1,337 

60,550 
3,928 

340,697 
2,858 
320 
9,179 
1,877 
6,747 
11,576 
874 

27,843 


Capital. 


13,380,525,841 


246,928,078 

1,062,197,083 

68.3,268,497 

318,024 


300,735,917 
301,896,296 

443,715,258 

66,840,870 

62,627,935 

2,718,812 

960,000 

•  1,468,428 

1132,641,780 
44,089,476 
26,422,307 
15,758,466 
20,272,755 
12,177,350 
8,745,653 
1,299,789 


88,000 
2,567,273 

472,751 

3,023,414 

9,685 

6,780,077 

316,909 

506,769 

195,215 

1,362,427 

181,868 

1,606,768 

304,324 

10,213,284 

147,900 

89,016 

70, 146 

1,261,780 

386,501 

63,000 

247,478 

30,642,666 

701,945 

4,400 

1,717,410 

343,883 

6,293,900 

8,659,744 

170,800 

6,891,550 


EXPENSES  OF  OPERATION  AND  DEVELOPMENT. 


Total. 


91,042,642,693 


139,324,467 

396,907,026 

135,638,644 

96,034 


74,071,830 
107,679,212 

68,764,692 

6,810,482 

24,453,299 

718,861 

21,725 

365,780 

63,641,685 
23,875,507 
16,192,138 
6,626,438 
4,842,835 
6,831,266 
5,090,538 
1,182,873 


72,747 
301,673 

176,967 

316,221 

18,354 

2,289,198 

7,459 

238,896 

319,426 

274,776 

98,206 

328,690 

339,261 

4,905,662 

61,083 

62,444 

17,812 

182,828 

115,860 

50,909 

99,269 

7,421,430 

195,908 

6,087 

734,365 

166,418 

4,638,389 

1,036,371 

42,493 

740,874 


Salaried 
officers  of 
corpora- 
tions, 
superin- 
tendents, 

and 
managers. 


^2,823,748 


2,317,223 

12,724,418 

4,848,224 

17,178 


1,749,989 
1,928,167 

2,816,906 

359,376 

896,722 

63,441 

4,620 

29,901 

2  3,642,297 
1,227,758 
741,171 
398,383 
281,018 
306,899 
244,777 
53,052 


7,940 
39,809 

13,623 

24,878 

225 

180,863 

1,044 

25,367 

19,649 

33,880 

3,550 

23,588 

20,572 

288,954 

4,990 

5,338 

2,895 

13,670 

15,082 

3,100 

4,083 

430,523 
36,169 


34,573 
10,447 
64,290 
71,334 
6,000 

38,950 


Clerks  and 

other 

salaried 

employees. 


$20,669,803 


2,266,081 

9,076,477 

2,393,657 

3,018 


1,639,973 
1,785,861 

980,474 

71,397 

195,844 

15,140 

480 

3,240 

» 1,504,442 
490,238 
328,361 
132,086 
102,089 
98,580 
102,317 
8,446 


2,200 
4,320 

6,500 
7,608 


44,024 


3,336 
5,024 
4,470 

900 

2,426 

6,373 

262,935 

120 
2,105 
1,030 

960 
1,800 

600 
1,000 

160,467 

2,700 

90 

20,329 

2,679 

46,059 

31,678 

840 

12,086 


Wage 
earners. 


$586,774,079 


92,317,659 

294,196,488 

27,091,650 

40,313 


29,731,456 
49,382,979 

30,868,371 

2,669,674 

10,477,657 

407,544 

11,988 

178,345 

39,661,871 
14,082,185 
11,112,195 
3,993,340 
3,079,023 
4,088,653 
2,638,964 
767,511 


31,189 
128,977 

90,310 

198,273 

16,625 

1,361,622 

3,675 

106,653 

168,445 

118,629 

40,204 

160,069 

148,323 

1,820,877 

27,627 

32,479 

9,587 

124,658 

43,974 

5,046 

69,884 

3,215,661 
95,972 
4,778 
408,419 
81,648 
324,538 
604,116 
22,657 

373,269 


Supplies,  materials,  and  fuel. 


Supplies  and 
materials. 


$173,411,438 


23,504,740 

40,064,899 

39,947,013 

6,490 


12,597,428 
23,718,373 

14,100,617 

2,194,444 

4,836,023 

130,847 

3,461 

85,556 

8,800,184 

3,754,125 

1,921,912 

909,955 

544,327 

521,761 

1,018,090 

130,014 


23,120 
66,169 

21,766 

21,665 

483 

280,953 

260 

40,852 

.34,695 

35,797 

19,491 

69,601 

99,470 

986,658 

4,432 

6,282 

1,463 

10,377 

14,710 

1,760 

4,957 

898,657 

30,449 

639 

152,143 

17,461 

248,383 

196,054 

7,407 

125,340 


$29,318,316 


Purchased 

ore  and 
natural  gas 
(duplica- 
tion in 
product). 


433,801 
9,888,877 


10,596,964 
6,451,627 


1,947,047 


Fuel  and 
rent  of 
power. 


$45,136,550 


3,193,226 

7,509,947 

1,444,595 

17,974 


4,632,289 
13,324,157 

5,105,253 

675,602 

2,400,724 

54,631 

498 

8,648 

3,482,054 
1,507,628 
757,078 
319,961 
261,689 
327,397 
279,082 
29,219 


400 
13,598 

6,468 

33,624 

25 

108,389 


15,892 

24,414 

48,010 

5,795 

36,922 

14,562 

673,450 

9,235 

7,566 

1,625 

12,392 

7,775 

770 

6,601 

1,360,368 
1,012 


71,537 
12,065 
708,384 
66,339 
2,006 

138,929 


» Includes  $4,876,095  which  can  not  be  distributed  among  the  several  industries. 

2  In  some  cases  the  same  operator  conducted  two  or  more  quarries  producing  different  kinds  of  stone,  all  quarries  being  managed  through  one  central  administra- 
tive office.  In  such  instances  it  was  Impossible  to  assign  the  corporate  officers  and  the  central  office  force  to  any  particular  quarry;  this  was  also  the  case  in  respect  to 
taxes,  wliich  were  reported  in  a  lump  sum  for  all  properties.  The  total  central  office  expenses  were  accordingly  apportioned  among  the  severfll  industries  in  proportion 
to  the  total  expenses  of  each,  and  the  estimated  amounts  of  such  administrative  expenses  were  added  to  "  Sundry  expenses"  for  each  industry.  In  the  totals  for 
"  Structural  materials,"  however,  the  number  of  officers  and  salaried  employees,  as  well  as  their  salaries,  and  the  amount  of  taxes,  appear  under  the  proper  heads.  The 
2'52'S*-^  ^^^  included  in  the  item  of "  Sundry  expenses"  for  individual  industries  and  distributed  m  the  totals  for  "  Structural  materials  "  are  as  follows:  Officers, 
$389,239;  Clerks,  $242,326;  and  taxes,  $27,767. 


PERSONS 

INDUSTRIES  AND  STATES. 

ENGAGED  IN  MINING  INDUSTRIES,  AND  POWER,  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY 

56d 

INDUSTRIES:  190». 

EXPENSES  OF  OPERATION  AND  DEVELOPMENT— Continued. 

Value  of 
products. 

PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MININQ  INDUSTRIES. 

Primaiyi 
horse*  ! 
power. 

Miscellaneous. 

Per  cent  of  total. 

Aggre- 
gate. 

Proprietors  and  officials. 

Clerks 

and 

other 

salaried 

em- 
ployees. 

Wage 
earners 
Dec.  15, or 
nearest 
repre- 
sentative 
day. 

Royalties 

and  rent  of 

mines. 

Taxes. 

Contract 
work. 

Rent  of 
offices 

and  other 
sundry 

expenses. 

Serv- 
ices. 

Sup- 
plies. 

Mis- 
cella- 
neous. 

Total. 

Proprietors  and 
firm  members. 

Salaried 
officers 
of  cor- 
pora- 
tions, 
super- 
intend- 
ents, 
and 
man- 
agers. 

Total. 

Num- 
ber 

per- 
forming 
manual 

labor. 

1 

163,973,585 

117,796, 763 

928,887,898 

143,950,513 

61.4 

23.8 

14.8 

91,238,410,322 

1,139,332 

49,374 

29,922 

8,861 

19,452 

24,675 

1,065,283 

4,608,253 

2 
3 

4 
5 

7,980,739 

12,082,488 

21,282,820 

800 

15,174,735 
1,789,656 

1,163,985 

141,716 

2,301,850 

6,268 

2,681,877 

4,481,816 

2,576,986 

907 

3,970,355 
1,934,158 

1,084,576 

119,369 

167,188 

6,957 

678 

3,213 

> 496, 235 
161,117 
113,097 
53,075 
70,616 
33,192 
32,301 
5,070 

846 
5,694 

1,967 

3,993 

28 

25,147 

11 

1,473 

1,012 

2,863 

4,869 

3,401 

2,134 

39,062 

813 

252 

247 

852 

1,255 

303 

1,211 

86,869 
1,746 

1,701,514 
2,209,672 
16,736,510 

3,361,408 

13,127,020 

9,428,312 

9,354 

1,876,763 
2,574,335 

2,588,899 

479,422 

1,032,985 

25,255 

69.5 
79.8 
25.3 
63.0 

44.7 
49.3 

50.4 
45.5 
47.3 
67.6 
78.7 
57.8 

70.4 
66.2 
75.2 
68.3 
71.5 
77.1 
56.7 
70.0 

56.8 
57.4 

62.5 
73.0 
91.8 
69.3 
63.3 
56.7 
60.6 
67.1 
45.6 
66.6 
61.4 
48.4 
53.6 
63.9 
75.8 
76.1 
52.5 
17.2 
75.5 

51.3 
68.8 
80.0 
63.1 
61.0 
9.6 
58.6 
69.4 

57.3 

19.2 
12.1 
37.8 
25.5 

23.3 
44.2 

37.3 
42.2 
37.6 
25.8 
18.2 
25.8 

19.3 
22.0 
16.6 
18.5 
16.6 
14.6 
25.6 
13.6 

32.3 
26.4 

15.9 
17.5 

2.8 
17.0 

3.5 
23.7 
18.5 
30.5 
25.7 
32.1 
33.6 
31.8 
22.4 
22.2 
16.8 
12.5 
19.4 

5.0 
11.7 

30.4 
16.1 
8.8 
30.5 
19.0 
21.1 
25.3 
22.1 

35.7 

11.3 
8.1 
36.9 
11.5 

32.0 
6.6 

12.3 
12.3 
16.1 
6.6 
3.1 
16.4 

10.3 
11.8 

8.2 
13.2 
11.9 

8.4 
17.8 
16.6 

10.9 
16.2 

21.6 
9.6 
6.4 
13.7 
33.2 
19.6 
21.0 
12.4 
28.8 
11.3 
15.0 
19.8 
24.0 
13.9 
7.4 
11.4 
28.1 
77.8 
12.8 

18.3 
15.1 
11.2 

6.4 
20.0 
69.3 
16.1 

8.5 

7.0 

149,180,471 

427,962,464 

185,416,684 

109,047 

106,947,082 
134,616,987 

83,885,928 
10,237,252 
31,363,094 

868,458 
20,435 

563,457 

75,992,908 
29,832,492 
18,997,976 
7,702,423 
6,239,120 
6,054,174 
6,578,317 
1,588,406 

65,140 
466,461 

224,766 

670,829 

34,441 

2,945,948 

18,185 

271,437 

288,509 

315, 762 

101,920 

344,130 

413,296 

5,812,810 

75,503 

68,403 

13,307 

206,794 

151,015 

64,472 

206,028 

10,781,192 
315, 'i04 
30,097 
676,984 
231,025 
4,432,066 
1,174,516 
66,557 

778,938 

178,004 

692,677 

62,172 

203 

65,176 
55,258 

37,755 

5,436 

24,397 

640 

65 

227 

» 101, 129 

41,029 

22,211 

11,025 

6,649 

10,121 

6,748 

3,020 

88 
241 

372 

726 

79 

4,351 

19 

363 

376 

380 

120 

436 

430 

4,215 

99 

84 

38 

608 

246 

34 

232 

8,573 

145 

25 

1,160 

208 

460 

1,452 

73 

560 

1,315 

11,620 

19,353 

15 

1,109 
661 

3,359 
1,149 
2,525 

27 
7 

45 

»6,744 
2,645 
1,248 
913 
188 
499 
317 
827 

6 

20 

35 

27 

19 

404 

2 

28 

27 

27 

7 

26 

16 

163 

23 

8 

7 

133 

35 

8 

25 

214 
33 
5 

22 
18 
13 
64 
11 

20 

188 

3,739 

16,213 

1 

76 
79 

2,011 

951 

1,947 

3 

4 

32 

4,106 
1,634 
730 
587 
49 
221 
116 
769 

72 
1,713 
2,155 

24 
42 

951 

673 

1,171 

i" 

20 

1,827 
640 
318 
215 
6 
70 
22 
556 

1,127 

7,881 

3,140 

14 

1,033 
582 

1,348 

198 

578 

24 

3 

13 

3  2,638 
1,011 
518 
326 
139 
278 
201 
58 

5 

20 

12 

26 

1 

160 

2 

17 

19 

24 

2 

24 

11 

157 

7 

6 

3 

17 

15 

2 

6 

197 
28 

is' 

11 
13 

48 

7 

3,185 

11,268 

2,988 

6 

1,837 
1,454 

780 
88 

269 
16 

1 
5 

»2,035 
689 
402 
204 
148 
184 
171 
18 

4 

6 

7 
9 

76' 

io' 

7 
8 
1 
6 
6 
274 
1 
2 
2 
2 

? 

1 

173 
5 
2 
27 
6 
39 
52 
2 

13 

173,504 

669, 789 

39,831 

182 

52,230 
63,143 

33,616 

4,199 

21,603 

598 

57 

177 

92,350 
37,695 
20,561 
9,908 
6,313 
9,438 
6,260 
2,175 

79 
215 

330 

690 

60 

3,871 

17 

325 

342 

345 

112 

404 

408 

3,778 

75 

74 

29 

473 

209 

25 

206 

8,186 

107 

18 

1,111 

184 

408 

1,336 

60 

527 

676,753 

1,227,401 

1,221,969 

1  416 

6 

7 

8 
9 
10 
11 
1? 

2,606,842 
644,562 

3,603,984 

99,582 

197,259 

9,878 

346,534 

376,464 

200,966 
27,278 

110,559 
784 
176 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

n 

1,375 

1,439,445 
488,919 
194,349 
97,604 
47,911 
271,252 
282,501 
66,909 

45 
1,617 

14,232 

6,909 

271 

85,403 

708 

9,238 

1,917 

682 

6,850 

5,766 

3,348 

74,916 

735 

253 

40,976 

463,590 
201,880 
65,744 
73,359 
27,344 
28,962 
60,204 
6,097 

400 
16,546 

14,346 

14,527 

» 4, 151, 467 
1,961,657 
958,231 
648,675 
428,818 
154,560 
532,302 
120,555 

6,607 
26,053 

7,705 

19,271 

697 

154,729 

1,701 

27,404 

63,321 

30,478 

16,547 

23,918 

19,882 

842,243 

10,701 

8,179 

1,065 

8,299 

7,407 

2,740 

3,840 

671,478 

27,860 

490 

37,592 

10,296 

3,092,768 

116,512 

208 

40,715 

486 

303,443 
125,024 
61,095 
33,487 
21, 779 
29,777 
29,211 
3,068 

386 

m 

82« 

24 

23 

1 

18 
244 

11 

is" 

77 

262 
1,565 

?fi 

27 

48,068 

8,868 

29 
30 
31 
3? 

8,681 
949 
67 

11 
8 
3 
5 
2 
6 
6 

16 

3 

4 

116 

20 
6 

19 

17 
5 
5 

4 
7 

7 

4 
3 
2 
2 
2 
4 
1 
2 

63' 

2 

9* 

...j'. 

993 
1,179 
1,739 

316 

33 
34 
35 
36 
V 

4,000 
25,597 
16,558 

2,430 

2,647 

1,648 

17,085 

316 

126 

88 

105 

39 
40 
41 
42 

43 
44 

5,684 

3,469 

100 

1,061 

346,668 

6,036 
20,388 
30,500 

6,622 

251,849 

463 
849 
45 
448 

50,526 
109 

4fi 

190 

887 
2,959 

46 
47 

48 

6,145 

1,512 

53,606 

15,501 

713 

8,933 

2,730 

16,351 

361 

3,550 

5,758 
1,219 
3,114 

49 

31,287 
2,662 

2,152 

16 

4 

4 

2 
3 

9,433 
265 

61 

500 

3,141 

»  The  following  numbers  of  persons,  which  could  not  be  distributed  among  the  several  industries,  are  Included  under  the  proper  headings  in  the  totals  for  building 
stone:  Aggregate,  326;  officers  of  corporations,  107;  and  clerks,  219. 

*  Includes  enterprises  as  follows:  Antimony,  1;  bismuth,  1;  borax,  2;  chromite,  2;  manganiferous  iron,  2;  nickel  and  cobalt,  1;  and  tin,  1. 


564 


ABSTRACT  OF  THE  CENSUS— MINING. 


NONPRODUOING  MINES,  QUARRIES,  AND  WELLS— PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MINING  INDUSTRIES,  LAND 
CONTROLLED,  POWER,  CAPITAL,  AND  EXPENSES:  1909. 


Table  29 


All  Industries  (TTnlted  States) . 

FXTELS: 

Coal,  anthracite , 

Coal,  bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 


MXTALS: 

Iron 

Copper 

Precious  metals: 

Deep  mines... 

Placer  mines. 
Lead  and  zinc... 

Quicksilver 

Manganese 

Tungsten 


Steccttjral  materials: 

Limestone 

Oranite 

Marble 

Slate 


IbSCELLANEOVS: 

Asbestos 

Clay 

Fluorspar 

Graphite 

Gypsum 

Mica 

Oilstones,  scythestones,  and  whetstones . 

Phosphate  roclc 

Precious  stones 


AU.  OTHEB  INDUSTBIES  >. 


Num- 
ber 
of  oper- 
ators 


3,749 


38 


20 
13 

3,078 
132 
63 
18 
5 
12 


Num- 
ber 
of 
mines, 
quar- 
ries, 
and 
wells. 


55 
«128 


21 
13 

8,352 
192 
71 


84 


PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  MINING  INDUSTRIES. 


Aggre- 
gate. 


27,616 


327 

765 

1,917 

804 
799 

20,453 
772 
494 
139 
42 
109 


25 
46 
14 
35 
25 
29 
13 
137 
27 

292 


Proprietors  and  oflQcials. 


Total. 


S,494 


50 
396 


23 


4,426 
199 
150 
27 
9 
14 


19 


31 


Proprietors  and 
firm  members. 


Total. 


3,769 


207 


3,135 

152 

123 

19 

6 

7 


Num' 
ber  per- 
forming 
manual 
labor 


Offl- 
clals. 


1,076 


881 
103 
28 


1,725 


Clerics 

and 

other 

salaried 

em- 
ployees 


623 


18 
39 

1,291 
47 
27 
8 
3 
7 


Wage 
earners 
Dec.  15, 
or  near- 
est rep- 
resenta- 
tive day. 


21,499 


321 

685 

1,451 


753 
706 

15,628 
568 
336 
111 
33 
94 


136 
12 
61 
78 


19 
30 
10 
26 
21 
24 
7 
127 
16 

246 


Land 

controlled 

(acres). 


1,969,067 


513 

89,700 
1,115,101 


30,420 
15,579 

598,832 
54, 154 
4,737 
9,139 
4,016 
3,470 


Primary 
horse- 
power. 


91, 657 


Capital. 


$282,001,223 


1,945 
2,609 
8,577 


3,471 
4,248 

59,224 

5,001 

3,486 

120 

248 

127 


8,024 

76 

4,136 

395 


15,534 


22,728 
9,402,665 
14,166,314 


4,850,839 
11,073,777 

233,123,939 

3,364.271 

1,094,711 

893,800 

105,650 

459,602 


273,121 

13,990 

486,352 

166,081 


264,734 
34,760 

116,500 

258,018- 
46,741 
13,708 
2,600 

132,000 
22,125 

1,612,197 


All  Industries  (United  States) 

Fuels: 

Coal,  anthracite 

Coal,  bituminous 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas 

Metals: 

Iron 

Copper 

Precious  metals— 

Deep  mines 

Placer  mines 

Lead  and  zinc 

Quicksilver 

Manganese 

Tungsten 

Structural  materials: 

Limestone 

Granite 

Marble 

Slate [['.'.[...['.'. 

Miscellaneous: 

Asbestos 

Clay ;;::;::;;::: 

Fluorspar 

Graphite !!!!.!.!.!!!! 

Gypsum 

Mica ;.;;.;:!:;;;;;: 

Oilstones,  scythestones,  and  whetstones 

Phosphate  rock 

Precious  stones '..'.'.'.'.'.'. 

All  other  industries  2 


expenses  of  operation  and  development. 


Total. 


$31,548,736 


263,501 

748,867 

7,044,383 


862,301 
900,252 

,321,074 

506,426 

241,450 

96,904 

19,167 

83,877 


77,112 

4,574 

43,531 

29,175 


36,893 
6,996 
4,218 

62,801 
6,290 
5,343 
1,805 

37,567 
2,227 

142,002 


Services. 


Salaried 
officers  of 
corporations, 
superintend- 
ents, and 
managers. 


$2,092,650 


7,151 
37,795 
191,155 


18,068 
57,882 

1,630,738 
49,685 
16,501 
7,050 
2,203 
15,412 


874 

600 

7,380 

3,890 


8,177 
900 

1,320  I 
11,100  i 
120  I 
600 


Clerks  and 

other 

salaried 

employees. 


$392,277 


3,009 
14,878 
25,543 


15,962 
34,556 

276,360 

1,375 

2,712 

900 


816 


2,592 


600 


1,420 


4,825 


19,224 


1,508 

'2,378' 

"356' 


7,318 


Wage 
earners. 


$12,931,910 


173,438 

229,028 

1,002,383 


316,530 
475,123 

10,086,470 
243,336 
86,442 
69,354 
12,324 
42,204 


22,612 
2,395 
19,054 
19,532 


14,311 

3,773 

2,010 

14,577 

4,130 

708 

937 

24,673 

1,811 

64,755 


'  Exclusive  of  wells  not  completed  on  Dec.  31, 1909 


Supplies,  materials,  and  fuel.i 


Supplies  and 
materials. 


$10,877,732 


58,956 

164,677 

4,937,764 


237,882 
167,906 

5,017,908 
145,138 
39,205 
10,367 
2,168 
14,960 


42,424 
1,510 
8,379 
2,625 


1,422 
1,000 

449 
2,225 
1,635 
1,102 

165 
1,421 

301 

16, 143 


Fuel  and 
rent  of 
power. 


$1,366,882 


2,563 

2,137 

198,552 


83,674 
75,113 

951,148 

6,219 

24,161 

1,970 

1,262 

565 


679 


2,206 
2,427 


245 

108 

5 


70 
3,828 


9,930 


Contract 
work. 


$1, 802, 580 


1,351 
214,310 
303, 162 


63,775 
12,698 

1,089,536 
27,487 
63,336 


4,420 

'i,m 


40 

'ii,'628' 


9,117 


Miscellaneous 
expenses. 


$2, 084,  V  45 


17,033 

86,042 

385,824 


126,410 
76,974 

1,268,914 
33,186 
9,093 
7,263 
1,210 
9,920 


3,511 

69 

4,112 

701 


11,563 

1,283 

194 

22,255 

400 

55 

633 

2,470 

115 

15,515 


earth, 
uranium 


?^- ufKX^'stonraMfthinm  and  bituminous  rock,  2;  bluestone,  1;  borax,  1;  chromite,  1;  feldspar,  1;  garnet,  1;  grindstones,  1;  infusorial 

iiim,  1;  al??a^adium;i.'  ^^^^^'  ^'  °iagnesite,  1;  mineral  pigments,  2;  molybdenum,  4;  monazito  and  zircon,  1;  peat,  2;  pyrite,  1;  qiiartz,  1;  tin,  1;  titanium,  1; 


INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES. 


POPULATION. 


SUBJECT. 


Ages^  statistics  of. 

illi  ter  a  tes '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'. 

marital  condition. .".".'.".'.'.' 

scliool  attendance '..'...'...'.'.'..' 

urban  and  rural  population. 

Alaska,  population.    See  pp.  22  and  62. 

Aliens,  foreign-born  white  males 

Apportionment 

Area ......-....'."!.!."!.' 

Austria,  mother  tongue  of  persons  born  in 

Belgium.    5e«  entries  under  Country. 

Blacks ' 

Bulgaria,  Servia,  and  Montenegro.  "s«<  en- 
tries under  Country. 

Canada.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Center  of  population 

China.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Chinese,  number 

illiterates '.''.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over." !!!. 

marital  condition , 

school  attendance 

sex '.'.'.'.'.'.'."'. 

See  also  entries  for  the  group,  Indians, 
„,^,    Chinese,  Japanese,  and  other  Asiatics. 

Cities,  population 

Cltirenship,  foreign-bom  white  mal^... '.'. 
Counties,  population.    See  p.  32. 

Country  of  birth,  foreign  bom 

urban  and  rural  population. 

Coimtry  of  origin,  foreign  white  stock.'. .. ! ! .' 

native  whites  of  foreign  or  mixed  nar- 

entage 

Cuba  and  other  West  Indies.' '  See  eioitT'les 

under  Country. 
Denmark.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Density  of  population 

Division  of  birth,  native  population 
Divorced  persons.    See  Marital  condition. '    " 

Dwellings 

urban  and  rural  communities. ..... . 

England.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Families 

urban  and  rural  population !!!!!" 

Females  21  years  of  age  and  over  (»ee  alto  Sex) '. 
Finland.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Foreign  bom 


STATISTICS  rOE— 


United 
States. 


country  of  birth 

Foreign-bom  whitas 

country  of  birth 

year  of  arrival '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Foreign-bom  whites  as  a  population 'class, 
number 


122-132 
241 
149 

224 
129 

108 
26,27 
28,29 

193 

79 


30 

77-S2 

239-242 

107,110 

149 

219,221 

97 


59-75 
108 

188-191 

200 
194 

208 


28,29 
174 

259,260 
260 

269,260 
260 
118 


Divi- 
sions. 


States. 


Page. 
131 


224 
137 


117 


29 
193 


Page. 
133 


224 


117 

26,27 

29 


82 


110 


cities  of  specified  size,  number  in ... . 

females  21  years  of  age  and  over 

illiterates,  10  years  of  age  and  over. . . , 

10  to  14  years 

males  21  years  and  over 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over 

males  18  to  44  years  of  age 

marital  condition .., 

school  attendance 

sex \ 

urban  and  rural  population '.'.'.'.'.. 

France.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Germany,  mother  tongue  of  persons  bom  in 
Greece.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Hawaii,  population.    See  pp.  32  and  52. 
Hungary,  mother  tongue  of  persons  bom  in. . 

Illiterate  children  10  to  14  years 

Illiterate  males  21  years  of  age  and  over 

Illiterates  in  the  population,  10  years  of  age 

and  over 

urban  and  rural  population .' .' 

Increase,  total  population 

urban  and  rural  jwpulation '.'.'.. 

Indians,  number 


77-83 

188-191 

77-83 

194-200 

216 

77-83 

I        122, 

U26,128 

92 

118 

239-249 

254 
255,256 

110 

119 
149-156 
219-237 
100, 101 

92 

193 


193 

254 

255,256 

239-245 

249 

23 

55,57 

77-82 

126 

118 


117 

/196-198, 

\       204 

201 

198,202 


29 
174 

260 
260 

260 
260 
118 


82 


110 


Page. 
139, 144* 


117,114* 


204 


117,114* 
210,211* 


208 


260 


83 

/ 196-198, 

\        204 

83 

198-202 

216 

83 
131 

92 

118 

245,249 


118 

83 

204 

83,95 


261* 


216 

83,95 
133 


females  21  years  of  age  and  over 

illiterates 239-242 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over 107, 110 

■■*-'        ■"''—  149 

219,221 


marital  condition 

school  attendance 

sex '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Indians,  Chinese,  Japanese,  andotha:" Asiat- 
ics combined,  number 

illiterates 

■  increase,  1900-1910 '.,.,, 

urban  and  rural  population 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over 

urban  and  rural  population 

males  18  to  44  years  of  age 

sex 

Ireland.    Sf e  entries  under  Country. 


256 
110 
119 
156 
227-229 
100, 101 
92 

193 


193 
254 
256 

245,248 
249 
23 
57 
82 


256 
110 
119 


210,211* 
95* 


SUBJECT. 


Italy.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Japan.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Japanese,  number 

illiterates '.....'. 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over 

marital  condition 

school  attendance. . .        

sex ] 

See  also  entries  for' th'e'group,  Indiaii's' 
1J-  i„  ^,'"oese,  Japanese,  and  other  Asiatics. 
Males,  21  years  of  age  and  over. 

18  to  44  years  of  age... 

Marital  condition [[ 

— —  urban  and  rural  population". '.'.'. 

Mamed  persons.    See  Marital  condition." "  " " 
Metropohtan  districts.    See  p.  62. 
Mexico.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Migration  of  native  population,  by  divisions 

by  states 

Militia  age,  males  of .'....'..' 

Mother  tongue,  persons  bom  in"  Austria,  Ger- 
many, Hungary,  and  Russia 

Mulattoes 

Native  bom !!!!!!."!.!.! 

Native  population,  bom  in  «ich  division 

bom  m  each  state 

living  in  each  division 

living  in  each  state 

Native  whites '" 

foreign  or  mixed  parentMe,  country  of 

origin 77...... 

— —  foreign  parentage 

Native  whites,  foreign  or  mixed  parentage,  as 
a  population  class,  number. . 


STATISTICS  FOR- 


United 
States. 


Page. 


77-82 

239-242 

107, 110 

149 

219,221 

97 


107-110 
119 

14ft-156 
163 


Divi- 
sions. 


Page. 


States. 


Cities 
(sec  no 
above 


Page, 


110 


•ages. 


245, 
,250, 251* 


227,228 
100, 101 


118 


256 
245,248 


257 
113, 114* 


231,233* 


97 


244 
90 
92 


112 
119 
99 


244 
90 
92 


112 
119 
99 


118 


110 


257,251* 
250,261* 


63* 


244 
90 


119 


95* 


113, 114* 


cities  of  specified  size,  number  in. . 

females  21  years  of  age  and  over .., 

illiterates,  10  years  of  age  and  over 

10  to  14  years 

males  21  years  and  over 

males  21  years  of  age  and  over 

males  18  to  44  years  of  age 

marital  condition 

school  attendance .'. 

sex '.'.'.'.'. 

— —  urban  and  rural  population! 

Native  whites,  mixed  parentage 

Native  whites,  native  parentage,  as  a  popul'a- 
tio»  class.  See  entries  under  Native  whites 
foreign  or  mixed  parentage. 

Naturalized  foreign-bom  white  males 

Negro  population,  state  of  birth . . 

Negroes  as  a  population  class.  See  entries 
under  Native  whites,  foreign  or  mixed  nar- 
entage.  ^ 

Netheriands.    See  entries  under  Country 

Norway.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Number  of  inhabitants 

— —  urban  and  rural  population 

Population.    See  Number  of  inhabitaiots'. 

lorto  Rico,  population.    See  pp.  22  and  53 

Portugal.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Roumania.    See  entries  under  Country. 

Rural  population.    See   Urban    and    rural 

population. 
Russia,  mother  tongue  of  persons  bom  in 

School  attendance 

Scotland.    See  entries  under  Couiitry". 

Sex ' 

ages .'.'."..'. 

ml  terates 

marital  condition .".'.'.'.".".".' 

school  attendance '.'.'..' 

urban  and  raral  population/. 

Smgle  persons.    See  Marital  condition. 
Spam.    See  entries  under  Country. 
State  of  birth  of  native  population 

States,  rank  In  population 

Sweden.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Switzerland.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Turkey.    See  entries  under  Country. 
Urban  and  rural  population,  number 

ages 

foreign-born  whites,  country  of  birtii..!. 

year  of  arrival 

illiterates 

males  2 1  years  of  age  and  over 

marital  condition 

population  classes. 


179 
119 

192 

79 

77-83 

170-174 

179 

170-174 

179 

77,80 

194-208 
77,80 

77-83 

/        122, 

1126,128 

92 

118 

239-249 

254 

255,266 

110 

119 

149-156 

219-237 

100,101 

92 

77,80 


108 
180 


22-26 
56 


110 
119 
156 


172 
179 
119 

192 


83 
170-174 
179 
170-174 
179 
83 

208 
83 

83 

\       131 

92 

118 

246,249 


110 
119 
160 


113, 11< 
IM.'lei 


179 
119 


83 


179 


208 
83 

83,95 
133 


96" 


118 
245 


256 
110 
119 
156 
227-229 
100,101 
92 
83 


117 
180 


256 

lie 

119 


227,228 
100,101 


i       245, 
\250,251^ 


267 
113,114" 


231,233* 


193 
219-238 

97-103 
122,126 

241 
146-153 
220-237 

103 


179 


193 

224-229 


99-103 


117, 114* 


65* 


56,56 
130,137 
210 
218 
249 
112 
163 

92 

school  attendance I  221  222 

'       'l03 

110 
112 


248 
156 
226 
103 


56 
137 
201 
218 


221-238 
100,101 


248 
160 

225 


231,233* 


104* 
139 


164,166* 


56 


sex  

Voting  age,  males  of. .'.'."' 

urban  and  rural  population 

Wales.    See  entries  under  Country. 

White  population,  native,  state  of  birth .  I         iso 

Whites ■"■       77_g9 

Widowed  persons.    See  Marital  condition 


92 
229 
103 
110 
112 

180 
82 


110 


180 

82 


113, 114* 


(665) 


566 


INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES. 
AGRICULTURE. 


SUBJECT. 


Acreage,  ayerage  per  fiarm 

irrigated 

size  of  farms,  classification . 


total  in  farms. 


white  and  colored  farmers  in  the  South.  See  p.  301 

Alfalfa 

irrigated  acreage 

Alfalfa  seed 

Almonds 

Apples 

Apricots 

Asses  and  burros,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms 

not  on  farms 

Austria,  farmers  bom  in 

Avocado  pears 

Bananas 

Barley 

irrigated  acreage 

sales  of , 

Beans,  dry  edible 

Bees , 


STATISTICS  FOE— 


United 
States. 


Blackberries  and  dewberries. 

Broom  corn 

Broom-corn  seed 

Buckwheat 


Buildings,  value 

Burros.    See  Asses  and  burros. 

Butter 

Butter  fat 

Cash  tenants 

Cattle,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms . 

not  on  farms 

Cereals 


Cherries 

Chickens.    See  Poultry. 

Chicory 

Chinese  farmers 

Chufas 

Chufas  seed 

Citrous  fruits 

Clover 

Clover  seed 

Coarse  forage 

Color  and  nativity  of  farmers. 
Colored  farmers 

Com 


irrigated  acreage 

sales  of. 

Cornstalks  sold 

Cotton 

Cotton  seed 

Cranberries 

Cream 

Crops,  all  crops 

feedable,  sales  of 

irrigated 

sales  of 

Currants 

Dairy  products 

Dates 

Denmark,  farmers  bom  in 

Ditches  for  irrigation 

Domestic  animals,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms . 

not  on  farms 


Domestic  animals,  poultry,  and  bees 

Domestic  animals  sold  and  slaughtered . 
Ducks.    See  Poultry. 


Emmer  and  spelt 

England,  farmers  bom  in 

Farm  mortgages 

Farm  property,  value 

Farmers,  by  race  and  nativity,, . 

Farms,  average  acreage 

classified  by  size 

irrigated 

number 


tenure  classes 

Feed 

Feedable  crops.    See  Croxffl. 

Fertilizers 

Figs 

Flaxseed 

Flower  and  vegetable  seeds. 

Flowers  and  plants 

Foreign-bom  white  farmers. 

Forest  products  of  farms 

France,  farmers  bom  in 

Fruits,  orchard 

small 

Geese.    See  Poultry. 
Germany,  farmers  bom  in . . 


f  265, 
^  281-283 
423 
303,304 
r  265-269, 
[  281-283 

398 

430,431 
395 
416 
411 
414 

320,322 
340 
338 
298 
416 
416 

376,386 
439 
371 
392 
312, 

336,337 
409 
408 
395 
390 
265, 

277,280 

345-349 
347 
285 

314-316 
340 
338 

376,377 

345-349 
413 


408 
395 
415 
398 
395 
398 
297 

297,298 
376, 

378,379 
431 
371 
408 
404 
406 
410 
347 

360,365 
371 

429,431 
371 
409 

345-347 
416 
298 

422,426 

311,312 
340 
338 

265,277, 

281,284 
356 

353-355 

390 

298 

294 

265,276 

297,298 

265, 

280-283 

303,304 

423 

265,268, 

281,283 

288 

371 

372 
416 
394 
394 
419 
297 
419 
298 
411 
409 

298 


Divi- 
sions. 


I  280,283 

304" 

I  269,283 


398 


395 


321,322 
340 
338 


States. 


280 

423 
306 


386 


371 
392 
312, 
336,337 
409 


390 

277, 280 


345-349 
347 


315,316 
340 
338 
377 

345-349 
413 


298 


395 

398 

297 

297,298 

378,379 


371 
408 
404 
406 

404 

410 

347 
365 
371 

347 
370 
373 
429 

371 

409 

345-347 

410 
347,348 

298 

426 

312 
340 
338 

277,284 

357 

353-355 
390 
298 
294 
276 

297,298 

280,283 
304 
423 

268,283 

288 
371 

372 


419 
297 
419 
298 
411 
409 


416 
411 
414 
322 
340 
338 


STATISTICS  FOR — 


416 

416 
386 


392 

312,336 

410 
408 
395 
388 

277,280 
348,349 


316 
340 
338 
377 
347-349 
413 

408 


408 
395 
415 


297 
297 

379 


312 
340 
338 

277 

358 

355 
390 


294 
276 
297 


306 
423 


373 

373 
416 
394 
394 
419 
297 
419 


411 
410 


SUBJECT 


Ginseng 

Goats  and  kids,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms 

not  on  farms 

Gooseberries 

Grains,  cut  green 

irrigated  acreage 

Grapefruit 

Grapes 

Grass  seed 

Guavas 

Guinea  fowls.     See  Poultry 
Hay  and  forage 

sales  of 

Hemp 

Hemp  seed 

Honey  and  wax 

Hops 

Horses,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms 

not  on  farms 

Hungarian  grass 
Hungary,  farmers  bom  in 

Implements  and  machinery. 

Improved  land 

Indian  farmers 
Ireland,  farmers  bom  in 

Irrigation 

Italy ,  farmers  bom  in, 

Japanese  farmers 

Kafir  com  and  milo  maize 

Kumquats 

Labor  on  farms 
Land  and  buildings. 

Land  area.. 


Land  in  farms 

classified  by  size  of  farms 

tenure  classes 

Lemons 

Limes 


Livestock 

Loquats 

Mandarins 

Mangoes 

Maple  sugar  and  sirup 

Milk 

Millet 

Millet  seed 

Mint 

Mohair 


Mules,  asses,  and  burros,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms 

not  on  farms 

Mustard  seed 
Native  white  farmers 
Negro  farmers 

Netherlands,  farmers  bom  in 
Norway,  farmers  bom  in 
Nursery  products 
Nuts 


Oats 

irrigated  acreage 

sales  of 

Olives 

Oranges 

Peaches  and  nectarines 

Peanuts 

Pears 

Peas 

Pecans 

Persian  or  English  walnuts 
Persimmons 

Pineapples 

Plums  and  prunes 
Poland,  farmers  bom  in 
Pomegranates 

Pomeloes 

Potatoes 

irrigated  acreage 

Poultry 


Production.    See  Individual  crops  and  Items  of  live 

stock  products. 
Pumping  plants  for  irrigation. 

Quinces 

Raspberries  and  loganberries  , 
Reservoirs  for  irrigation. 

Rice 

farms  irrigated. 

Root  forage 

Riu-al  population. 
Russia,  farmers  bom  in. 

Rye 

irrigated  acreage . . . 

Scotland,  farmers  bom  in. 


INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES. 
AGRICULTURE— Continued. 


56'i 


SUBJECT. 


STATISTICS  FOR- 


Share  tenants 

Sheep,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms 

not  on  farms 

shearing  age 

Size  of  farms 

Sorghum  cane 

Sorghum  cane  seed 

Straw  sold 

Strawberries 

Sugar  beets 

irrigated  acreage 

Sugar  cane 

Sunflower  seed 

Sweden,  farmers  bom  in 

Sweet  potatoes  and  yams 

Swine,  on  farms 

on  farms  and  not  on  farms . 

not  on  farms 

Switzerland,  farmers  Ixxn  In  . . . 

Tangerines 

Teasels , 


United 
States. 


285 

330-332 

340 

338 

350-352 

303,304 

407 

395 

408 

409 

407 

431 

406 

395 

298 

399,401 

327,328 

340 

338 

298 

415 

408 


Divi- 
sions. 


Page. 


331,332 
340 
338 

350-352 
304 


408 
409 


399,401 

327,328 

340 

338 

298 


States. 


Page. 


332 
340 
338 
352 
306 
407 
395 


410 
407 


406 
395 


401 
328 
340 
338 


415 


SUBJECT. 


Tenure  classes 

Timothy 

Timothy  and  clover  mixed 

Timothy  seed //_ 

Tobacco ].'.".'!!!!!!!!.! 

Tobacco  seed ].""[[[[['.[[ . 

Turkeys.    See  Poultry. 

Value.    See  individual  crops  and  items  of  farm  prop- 
erty. ^   '^ 

Vegetables 

Wales,  farmers  bom  in 

Walnuts 

Wax i!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

Wells  for  irrigation 

Wheat 

irrigated  acreage 

White  farmers 

Wild_,  salt,  or  prairie  grasses , 

irrigated  acreage 

Willows 

Wool ■ 


MANUFACTURES— SUBJECTS. 


STATISTICS  FOK- 


United 
States. 


Page. 

285-290 
398 
398 
395 
403 
395 


402 
298 
416 
356 

422,426 
376, 

380,381 
431 
298 
398 
431 
408 

350-352 


Divi- 
sions. 


Page. 
285-290 
398 


395 
403 

40 

39 

402 
298 

40 

li 

356 

35 
42 

}•  380,381 

38 

398 

40 

350-352 


States. 


Page. 


SUBJECT. 


Capital 

Cities,  10,000  inhabitanta  and  over 

principal 

Clerks 

Corporations,  establishments  operated  by 

Electric  motors 

Establishments,  number 

cities  grouped  by  sizo 

cities  of  10,000  inhabitants 

cities,  principal 

classes  of  ownership 

classlfled  by  number  of  wage  earners. 

classified  by  value  of  product 

producing  products  of  $1,000,000 

"Expenses 

miscellaneous 

Firms ,  establishments  operated  by 

Gas  engines 

Horsepower,  total  primary 

Individuals,  establishments  operated  by. 

Materials,  cost  of 

Ownership,  classes  of 

Persons  engaged  in  industry 

Products,  value  of 

cities  grouped  by  size 

cities  of  10,000  inhabitants 

cities,  principal 

Proprietors  and  firm  members 


STATISTICS  FOB— 


United 
States. 


Page. 
438, 

i439,S25 
529 
528 
452 

461-463 

471-474 

43»-445 
451 
529 
528 
461 

468,469 
464 

465,467 
438, 

470,471 
438 
461 

471-474 

/        438, 

\472-474 

461 

438, 

439,625 

461,463 
438, 

452,525 
438, 

439,525 
451 
529 
528 
438, 

,452,525 


States. 


Page. 

\      525 


463 
474 
44'>,525 


467 
471 


474 
474,525 


525 
463 
525 


525 


Industries. 


All 
com- 
bined. 


Page. 
438,514 


452 
461,462 
471-474 
438-445 


461 
468 
464 
465 

438,470 

438 

461 

471-474 

472,514 

416 
f  438, 
[439,514 

461 

452,514 
439,514 


'       438, 
^452, 514 


Lead- 
ing. 


Page. 
614 


453 
462 
472 
442,614 


468 


465 
470 


472 
472,514 


614 


453,514 
614 


514 


Indi- 
vid- 
ual. 


Page. 
614 


514 


614 
614 


614 
614 


614 


SUBJECT. 


Rank  of  industries 

Salaried  employees 

Salaried  officers  of  corporations. . 

Salaries,  payments  for 

Services,  payments  for 

Sex  of  wage  earners 

Steam  engines 

Superintendents  and  managers. 

Value  added  by  manufacture. . . 


cities  grouped  by  size 

cities  of  10,000  inhabitants 

cities,  principal 

classes  of  ownership 

Value  of  products 

cities  grouped  by  size 

cities  of  10,000  inhabitants 

— -  cities,  principal 

classes  of  ownership 

Wage  earners,  average  number 

cities  grouped  by  size 

cities  of  10,000  inhabitants 

cities,  principal 

classes  of  ownership 

Wage  earners,  employed  by  months. 

16  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex . 

— —  under  16  years  of  age 

Wages  paid 

Water  motors 

Water  wheels 


STATISTICS  FOR- 


United 
States. 


438,525 

452 

438,525 

438 

457 

471-474 

452 

f        438, 

^439-445, 

[       525 

451 

529 

528 

461,463 

r       438, 

[439,525 

451 

629 

528 

461,463 

r       438, 

l439,52S 

451 

529 

528 

461,463 

459 

455-457 

457 

438, 

439,525 

471-474 

471-474 


States. 


Page. 


525 
'S25 


457 
474 


445, 
525 


463 
525 


463 
525 


463 


457 
457 
525 

474 
474 


Industries. 


All 
com- 
bined. 


438,514 

452 

438,514 


471-474 
462 

438, 
442,614 


461 
439,614 


461 

438, 

439,514 


461 
469 


/        • 
)439,J 


438, 
514 
471-474 
471-474 


Lead- 
ing. 


442 

514 

51 

453 

514 

51 

455 

472 

453 

442, 
514 


514 


460 

455 
455 


472 
472 


Indi- 
vid- 
ual. 


Page 


5U 


514 


MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES. 


Agricultural  implements 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 507, 614 

Artificial  flowers  and  feathers  and  plumes 466,614 

Artificial  stone 460, 614 

Artists'  materials 514 

Automobiles,  including  bodies  and  parts 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 505, 514 

Awnings,  tents,  and  sails 456, 514 

Axle  grease 514 

Babbitt  metal  and  solder 514 

Bags,  other  than  paper 456, 514 

paper 456,514 

Bakmg  powders  and  yeast 456, 514 

Baskets,  and  rattan  and  willow  ware 514 

Beet  sugar 460,479,514 

Belting  and  hose,  leather 514 

woven  and  rubber 614 

Bicycles,  motorcycles,  and  parts 505, 514 

Billiard  tables  and  materials 514 

Blacking  and  cleansing  and  polishing  preparations 614 

Bluing 614 

Bone,  carbon,  and  lamp  black 514 


Page. 

Boots  and  shoes,  including  cut  stock  and  findings 442, 

453,455,460,465,468,470,472,494.514 

rubber 456,514 

Boxes,  cigar 456, 514 

fancy  and  paper 456, 514 

Brass  and  bronze  products 442,453,455,465,468,470,472,514 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 442, 453, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 514 

Brick  and  tile 460, 503, 514 

Brooms  and  brushes 514 

Butter,  cheese,  and  condensed  milk 442,453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 475, 514 

Butter,  reworking 514 

Buttons 456,514 

Calcium  lights 514 

Candles 514 

Canning  and  preserving 442,453,455,4 6,468,470,472,476,514 

Card  cutting  and  designing 514 

Carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag 466,480,514 

Carpets,  rag 514 

Carriages  and  sleds,  children's 514 

Carriages  and  wagons  and  materials 505, 514 


668 


INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES. 


MANUFACTURES— INDUSTRIES— Continued. 


Page. 

Cars  imd  eenerel  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  steam-railroad  companies. .    442, 

^  453,455,460,465,468,470,472,506,514 

Cars  and  general  shop  construction  and  repairs  by  street-railroad  companies.  506, 514 

CaiB  steam-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad  companies 442, 

'  453,455,465,468,470,472,506,514 

street-railroad,  not  including  operations  of  railroad  companies 607, 514 

Cash  registers  and  calculating  machines 514 

Cement 503,514 

Charcoal 514 

Chemicals 442,453,455,465,468,470,472,495,514 

China  decorating 514 

Chocolate  and  cocoa  products 514 

Clocks  and  watches,  including  cases  and  materials 456, 514 

Cloth,  sponging  and  refinlshing 514 

Clothing,  horse 456, 514 

men's,  buttonholes 614 

including  shirts 442,453,455,460,465,468,470,472,514 

women's 442,453,455,460,466,468,470,472,514 

Coffee  and  spice,  roasting  and  grinding 514 

Coffins,  burial  cases,  and  undertakers'  goods 514 

Coke... 496,514 

Confectionery 614 

Cooperage  and  wooden  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 514 

Copper,  tin,  and  sheet-iron  products 514 

Cordage  and  twine  and  jute  and  Unen  goods 456, 481, 514 

Cordials  and  sirups 614 

Cork.cutUng 456,614 

Corsets 456,514 

Cotton  goods,  including  cotton  small  wares.  442, 463, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 482, 514 

Crucibles 514 

Cutlery  and  tools,  not  elsewhere  specified 514 

Dairymen's,  poulterers',  and  apiarists'  supplies 514 

Dentists'  materials 614 

Drug  grinding 514 

Dyeing  and  finishing  textiles 456, 614 

DyestuSs  and  extracts .• 497, 514 

Electrical  machinery,  apparatus,  and  supplies . .  442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 508, 514 

Electroplating 614 

Emery  and  other  abrasive  wheels 514 

Enameling  and  japanning 514 

Engravers'  materials 514 

Engraving  and  diesinking 514 

Engraving,  wood 514 

Explosives 497, 514 

Fancy  articles,  not  elsewhere  specified 514 

Fertilizers 460,498,614 

Files 514 

Fire  extinguishers,  chemical 514 

Firearms  and  ammunition 514 

Fireworks 456, 614 

Flags,  banners,  regalia,  society  badges,  and  emblems 456, 614 

Flavoring  extracts .' . . .  456, 514 

Flax  and  hemp,  dressed 614 

Flour-mill  and  gristmill  products 442, 453, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 477, 514 

Food  preparations 466, 514 

Foundry  and  machine^hop  products 442, 463, 455, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 614 

Foundry  supplies 514 

Fuel,  manufactured : 614 

Fur  goods 456,614 

Furnishing  goods,  men's 466, 614 

Furniture  and  refrigerators 442,463,455,460,466,468,470,472,514 

Furs,  dressed 614 

Galvanizing 514 

Gas  and  electric  fixtures  and  lamps  and  reflectors 614 

Gas,  illuminating  and  heating 442, 463, 456, 466, 488, 470, 472, 499, 514 

Glass 604,614 

cutting,  staining,  and  ornamenting 514 

Gloves  and  mittens,  leather 456,494,514 

Glucose  and  starch 499,514 

Glue .11 4 

Gold  and  silver,  leaf  and  foil 456 

reducing  and  refining,  not  from  the  ore ' 

Grapliite  and  graphite  refining ]] 

Grease  and  tallow [[[ 

Grindstones '..'.'.'.  460 

Hair  work '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  466' 

Haircloth "__    ' 

Hammocks *. '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Hand  stamps  and  stencils  and  brands '.'."." 

Hat  and  cap  materials '.'.'.'.'.■ 

Hats  and  caps,  other  than  felt,  straw,  and  wool ..'. 

Hats,  fur-felt 456i  483 

straw 45g'  4(j()' 

Hones  and  whetstones ..'.'.'.'.'."       '      ' 

Horseshoes,  not  made  in  steel  works  or  rolling  mills.  '..'.'.'. 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 442, 453, 455, 460, 465,' 468,' 470,' 472,' 484, 

House-furnishing  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 456 

Ice,  manufactiu«d "  [ 450  sog' 

Ink,  printing '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '      ' 

——  wri  tin  g !.!]!!!!!!!!.'!!!!! 

Instruments,  professional  and  scientific '..'. 

Iron  and  steel,  blast  furnaces 442, 453,' 455," 465," 468," 470," 472 '488 

bolts,  nuts,  washers,  and  rivets,  not  made  in  steel  works  or  rolling  mills        ' 

doors  and  shutters 

forgings '.....'.'.'...'.'. 

nails  and  spikes,  cut  and  wrought,  including  wire  nails," not  made  in  steel 

works  or  rolling  mills 

- —  steel  works  and  roUing  mills 442, 453,"455,'466,'465'468'476,'472,'489 

Iron  and  steel  pipe,  wrought ''>>».•  f^<', 

Jewelry '.'.'.'.'.... 456 

Jewelry  and  instrument  cases '.'.'.'.'.'. 456' 

Kaol  in  and  ground  earths '. '. 

Labels  and  tags .■ .' " 

Lapidary  work ".!!!..".!.".".".".!!.. 

Lard,  refined,  not  made  in  slaughtering  and  mea't-paeking'estabii'diments! ! '. 

Lead,  bar,  pipe,  and  sheet ...WWW .[][.. ..[.[[ 

Leather  goods 442  453  455  468  470  "472 

Leather,  tanned,  curried,  and  finished !.".".'  '442,' 463, 455,'  466,'  468,'  47o'  472)  4931 

Liquors,  dtetilied; WW.W.WWWWWWWWW'.'.W.W "442,"453,"456,"465,"468,"476, 472! 
™^* 442,463,455,465,468,470,4721 


514 
514 
614 
514 
514 
514 
514 
614 
514 
614 
614 
,514 
,514 
614 
614 
,514 
,614 
,614 
514 
514 
614 
,614 
514 
614 
614 

514 
,514 
614 
,514 
,514 
614 
514 
514 
514 
614 
514 
514 
514 
614 
514 
514 


Liquors,  vinous 514 

Locomotives,  not  made  by  railroad  comjKinies 514 

Looking-glass  and  picture  frames 514 

Lumber  and  timber  products •. . .  442, 453, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 609, 61 4 

Malt 514 

Marble  and  stone  work 442, 453, 456, 468, 470, 472, 514 

Matches : 514 

Mats  and  matting 514 

Mattresses  and  spring  beds 514 

Millinery  and  lace  goods 456, 614 

Mineral  and  soda  waters 514 

Mirrors 514 

Models  and  patterns,  not  including  paper  patterns 614 

Moving  pictures 514 

Mucilage  and  paste 514 

Musical  instruments  and  materials,  not  specified 514 

Musical  instruments,  pianos  and  organs  and  materials ; 509, 514 

Needles,  pins,  and  hooks  and  eyes 456, 514 

Oakum 514 

Oil,  castor 614 

cottonseed,  and  cake 442, 453, 466, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 499, 614 

essential 500, 514 

linseed 514 

not  elsewhere  specified 514 

Oilcloth  and  linoleum 514 

Oleomargarine 514 

Optical  goods 514 

Paint  and  varnish 442, 453,455,465,468,470,472,500,514 

Paper  and  wood  pulp 442, 453, 456, 465, 468, 470, 472, 510, 514 

Paper  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 466, 514 

Paper  patterns 514 

Patent  medicines  and  compoimds  and  druggists'  preparations 442, 

463, 455, 465, 468, 470, 472, 514 

Paving  materials 614 

Peanuts,  grading,  roasting,  cleaning,  and  shelling 456, 514 

Pencils,  lead 466, 514 

Pens,  fountain,  stylographic,  and  gold 514 

steel 456,614 

Petroleum,  refining 442,453,455,465,468,470,472,501,514 

Phonographs  and  graphophones 510, 614 

Photo-engraving 514 

Photographic  apparatus  and  materials 514 

Pipes,  tobacco 514 

Pottery,  terra-cotta,  and  fire-clay  products 456, 514 

Printing  and  publishing 442, 453, 456, 460, 466, 468, 470, 472, 511, 514 

Pulp  goods 514 

Pumps,  not  including  steam  pimips 514 

Rice,  cleaning  and  polishing 460, 477, 514 

Roofing  materials 514 

Rubber  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 614 

Rules,  ivory  and  wood 514 

Safes  and  vaults 514 

Salt 501,514 

Sand  and  emery  paper  and  cloth 514 

Saws 514 

Scales  and  balances 514 

Screws,  machine 514 

wood 614 

Sewing  machines,  cases,  and  attachments 614 

Shipbuilding,  including  boat  building 512, 614 

Shoddy 486,514 

Show  cases 614 

Signs  and  advertising  novelties 514 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  including  throwsters 442, 453, 456, 465, 468, 470, 472, 485, 514 

Silverware  and  plated  ware 514 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 442, 453, 455, 466, 468, 470, 472, 478, 614 

Smeltmg  and  refining,  copper 442,453,455,466,468,470,472,614 

lead 442,463,455,465,468,470,472,514 

zinc 614 

not  from  the  ore 614 

Soap 502,614 

Soda-water  apparatus 614 

Sporting  and  athletic  goods 514 

Springs,  steel,  car  and  carriage 514 

Stationery  goods,  not  elsewhere  specified 456, 614 

Statuary  and  art  goods 614 

Steam  packing 614 

Stereotyping  and  electrotyping 514 

Stoves  and  lumaces,  including  gas  and  oil  stoves 514 

Sugar  and  molasses,  not  includmg  beet  sugar 442, 

453, 455, 460, 408, 470, 472, 479, 514 

Sulphuric,  nitric,  and  mixed  acids 502, 514 

Surgical  appliances  and  artificial  limbs 456,614 

Tinfoil 514 

Tin  plate  and  temeplate 491,514 

Tobacco  manufactures 460,514 

Toys  and  games 614 

Turpentine  and  rosin 503, 514 

Tyjie  founding  and  printing  materials 614 

Typewriters  and  supplies 514 

Umbrellas  and  canes 456,614 

Upholstering  materials 514 

Vault  lights  and  ventilators 614 

Vinegar  and  cider 460,514 

Wall  paper 614 

Wall  plaster 514 

Washmg  machines  and  clothes  wringers 514 

Waste 614 

Wheelbarrows 614 

Whips 614 

Windmills 514 

Window  shades  and  fixtures 514 

Wire 492,514 

Wirework,  including  wire  rope  and  cable 614 

Wood  carpet 614 

Wood  distillation,  not  including  turpentine  and  rosta 614 

Wood  preserving 514 

Wood,  turned  and  carved 514 

Wool  pulling 514 

Wool  scouring 614 

Woolen,  worsted,  and  felt  goods,  and  wool  hats 442, 

453, 455, 460, 465, 468, 470, 472, 482, 486, 514 


INDEX  TO  THE  ABSTRACT  TABLES. 
MINING. 


SUBJECT. 


Boys  under  16  employed 

Capital . ;;;;; 

Clerks  and  other  salaried  employees. 
Contract  work,  expense  of 


Corporations,  enterprises  conducted  by. 
Electric  motors. 


STATISTICS  FOR- 


United 

States. 


Engineers,  firemen,  mechanics. 

Expenses  of  operation  and  development \L.. 

miscellaneous 54j 

principal  items I 

Firms,  enterprises  conducted  by 
Fuel  and  rent  of  jwwer,  cost  of. . 
Gas  engines 

Horsepower,  total  primary 

Hours  of  labor 


/541 
\M7; 


Individuals,  enterprises  conducted  by . 
Land  controlled. 


Mineral  and  oil  land  controlled .... . . . ." '. 

Miners,  and  miners'  helpers,  quarrymen 
and  stone  cutters 


Mines  and  quarries,  number 

Min^,  quarries,  and  wells,  number. 

Operators,  number  of 

Ore  and  natural  gas  purchased,  cost. 
Persons  engaged  in  mining 


[542, 


549 
,560 
561 
541, 
1,561 
553 
556 
549 
541, 
,560 
,561 
657 
553 
560 
556 
556, 
560 
551 
553 
552 
552 

549 
641, 
560 


Industries. 


States. 


All 
com- 
bined. 


Page. 


.542, 


560 
561 
558, 
561 


560 

561 
558 


560 


560 


542, 
560 


/       641,1 
\648,561i/ 


542, 
560 

560 


549 
562 
563 

1559,563 

553 
656 
549 

562 

563 
559 
553 
562 
556 

556,563 

551 

553 

552,562 

552 

549 


Lead- 
ing- 


Indi- 
vld- 
ual. 


562 
563 
559, 
563 


562 
562 
562 
563 


Page.   Page. 

549 

562 

563 
•  559, 
.    563 

553 

556 

549 


562 

563 
659 
553 
562 
556 


651 
553 
552 
552 

549 


502 
544 
562 
563 


563 
559 


562 


563 


562 
562 
562 
563 


SUBJECT. 


Products,  value  of. 


Royalties  and  rent  of  mines 

Salaried  employees 

Salaried  officers  of  corporations 

Salaried  officials 

Salaries,  payments  for '." 

Salaries  and  wages 

Services,  payments  for ] 

Size  of  enterprises 

Steam  engines 

Superintendents  and  managers. 

Supplies  and  materials,  cost 

Taxes 

Timber  land '.'.'.'.'." 


Value  of  products. 


561 


STATESnCS  FOE— 


United 

States. 


Page. 

541, 
542,545 


Proprietors  and  firm  members i       ^41 

Quantity  of  .ulnerals  produced ....'.... 


Wage  earners 

above  and  below  ground . 

employed  by  months 

Wages 

Water  wheels 

Wells,  number .' 


I        oil 

i545,561 
541 
548 
561 

541,560 
557 

641,545 

554-556 

556 
548,556 
f  641, 
[546, 560 


652 

f  541, 542, 
1545,561 

I  541, 
[542,561 

549 
650,551 
541,660 

656 
641,542 


Page. 
542, 
558 

■    561 


Industries. 


All 
com- 
bined. 


Page. 
•559,563 

649,563 


658, 
561 


661 
660 
568 


560 


542, 

558, 

661 

642- 

561 


560 

542 


I/ead- 
ing- 


Indl 
vid- 
ua!. 


}559,563  I 
563 


663 
562 
559 
562 

564,655 

566 
656 


165! 


563 
562 


i9-563 


►       563 

649 

660,551 

562 

556 


.  Page 

642,  559 

545  56; 
549, 
563 
557 

559,  559 

563  56; 

563  56; 


563 
562 
559 
562 
654, 
655 
556 
556 

562 

563 
652 

559, 
563 

545 

549 
651 
562 
566 


56; 
56: 

55! 
562 


565 
563 


559- 
563 


563 


562 


o 


TO— #►     42 


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